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Appendix Version 2009-02-14
author Klaus Thoden <kthoden@mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de>
date Thu, 02 May 2013 11:12:52 +0200
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1
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2 <pb id="p.0001">
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3 <HEAD>VITRUVIO</HEAD>
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4 <HEAD>I DIECI LIBRI
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5 DELL' AR CHITETTURA</HEAD>
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6 <HEAD>TRADOTTI E COMMENTATI
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7 DA DANIELE BARBARO</HEAD>
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8 <HEAD><I>1567</I></HEAD>
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9 <HEAD><I>Con un saggio di Manfredo Tafuri
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10 e uno studio di Manuela Morresi</I></HEAD>
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11 <HEAD>EDIZIONI IL POLIFILO</HEAD>
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12 <pb>
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13 <!--
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14 <HEAD>MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT
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15 FUR WISSENSONAFTSGESCHICHTE</HEAD>
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16 <HEAD>Bibliothek</HEAD>
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17 <HEAD>ISBN-88-7050-494-8</HEAD>
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18 <HEAD><*> 1997 - EDIZIONI IL POLIFILO - MILANO
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19 TUTTI I DIRITTI RISERVATI</HEAD>
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20 <HEAD>PRINTED IN ITALY</HEAD>
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21 -->
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22 <pb id="p.0003">
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23 <fig>
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24 <pb>
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25 <HEAD>ALLO ILLVSTRISSIMO,</HEAD>
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26 <HEAD>ET REVERENDISSIMO
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27 CARDINAL DI FERRAR A
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28 D. HIPPOLITO DA ESTE,</HEAD>
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29 <fig>
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30 <HEAD>DANIEL BARBARO ELETTO
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31 D'AQVILEGGIA S.</HEAD>
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32 <p><I>TVTTE le belle opere, Illustri<02>imo, &amp; Re-
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33 uerendi<02>imo Signore, piu che $ono guar da-
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34 te, et contemplate da gli huomini, piu $cuo-
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35 preno la belleZzaloro, et l'artificio del mae-
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36 stro; &amp; bene $pe$$o dal primo a$petto non $i
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37 proua quel gu$to di e$$e, che ben mirate, &amp;
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38 con$iderate $i $ente dapoi: Ilche come $iauero, non mi affatiche-
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39 r&ograve; di prouare, perche, &amp; le pitture, &amp; le $colture, &amp; le fabri-
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40 che de i grand' huomini, &amp; altre co$e che $i uedeno ogni giorno,
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41 chiar amente lo dimostrano, perche piu che $i guardano, mag-
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42 giormente di $e inamorano i riguar danti. ilche &egrave; $egno manife-
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43 $to, che in quelle $empre $i $cuopra maggior belleZZa. Que$to,
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44 o$imigliante effetto fanno le uere, &amp; precio$e pietre di natura,
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45 comparate alle fal$e, et uili fatte da gli huomini. imperoche lefal
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46 $e al primo guardo fanno di$e mo$tra allegri<02>ima, &amp; $plendidi$-
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47 $ima, et qua$i adulatrici allettano la ui$ta con un fal$o $plendo-
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48 re; et poi uanno mancando. Male uere naturali, &amp; fine, perche
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49 $ono fatte dalla uerit&agrave; della natura, non per ingannare alcuno,
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50 ma per driZzare gli animi a piu alto uiaggio, piu pre$tano di
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51 quello, che prometteno. la doue i po$$editori di quelle, $coprendoci</I>
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52 <foot><I>a</I> 2</foot>
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53 <pb>
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54 <I>ogni giorno piu uagheZza, &amp; piu uerit&agrave;, piu le appreZza-
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55 no, &amp;' piu le ammirano. Il $imile adiuiene a i lettori delle
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56 co$e de gli huomini eccellenti, i quali beendo con di$iderio i
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57 precetti delle arti, et continuando con lo studio, &amp; e$$erci-
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58 tio nella intelligenza di quelli, ritrouano nel progre$$o, che
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59 fanno, la uirt&ugrave; dell' autore piu chiara, &amp; piu ammiranda.
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60 Come &egrave; auuenuto a me nella fatica fatta $opra Uitru-
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61 uio gia dedicata a Uo$tra Signoria Illu$tri<02>ima, &amp; Reueren-
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62 di<02>ima: imperoche, per quello amore, che ha ognuno di fare le
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63 $ue fatture ogni giorno migliori, riuedendo, &amp; rileggendo il
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64 detto autore, &amp; $entendoui piu gu$to della eccellenZa $ua,
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65 &amp; uedendo ancho, che $otto la protettione della gratia uo-
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66 $tra egli era $tato abbracciato dal mondo: $pinto dalla $olleci-
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67 tudine de i librari, ho uoluto rimandarlo in luce tenendo tut-
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68 tauia raccolto lo $tudio, &amp; l'o$$eruanZa mia nella dignit&agrave;, &amp;
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69 chiareZza della per$ona uostra, con quel de$iderio, che $em-
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70 pre ho hauuto di giouare, quanto porta$$ero le forZe mie ad
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71 ognuno. &amp; per dare uno illu$tre te$timonio delle magnifiche,
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72 &amp; eccellenti fabriche, che ella ha fatto, &amp; fa tuttauia in
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73 diuer$e parti del mondo con merauiglia de gli huomini: del-
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74 lequali opere io ne haueua uedute alcune prima, che io le de-
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75 dica$$e il Vitruuio, alcune ho ueduto dapoi, &amp; $ono quelle, che
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76 con tanta $plendideZZa ella ha fatto in Roma, &amp; a Tioli, nel-
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77 lequali la natura conuiene confe$$are di e$$ere $tata $uperata
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78 dall' arte, &amp; dalla $plendideZza dell' animo $uo. come che in
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79 uno in$tante $iano nati i giardini, &amp; cre$ciute le $elue, &amp; gli
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80 alberi pieni di $oaui<02>imi frutti, in u na notte ritrouati, anzi
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81 delle ualli u$citi i monti, &amp; ne i monti di duri<02>ime rocche
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82 fatto iletti a i fiumi, &amp; aperta la pietra per dar luogo alle ac-
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83 que, &amp; allagato il$ecco terreno, &amp; irrigato di fonti, et diri-
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84 <pb>
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85 ui correnti, et di pe$chiere rari$sime; dellequali co$e hanno
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86 fatto honor ato giudicio huomini piu intelligenti di me. per&ograve;
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87 non ander&ograve; piu oltre, la$ciando in ognuno un de$iderio arden-
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88 ti$simo di uederle. et contentandomi della $ua buona gratia,
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89 allaquale humilmente mi riccomando. Di Uinetia del
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90 M D LXVII.</I>
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91 <pb>
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92 <HEAD>FRANCESCO DE FRANCESCHI SANESE</HEAD>
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93 <HEAD>AILETTORI.</HEAD>
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94 <p>VOLENDO io ri$tampare il Vitruuio con il
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95 commento del Reuerendi$simo Mon$ignor
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96 Daniel Barbaro Eletto d'Aquileggia, $pe$$e
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97 fiate$ono $tato in pen$iero di non offendere
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98 l'animo $uo $apendo, che$ua Signoria Reue-
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99 rendi$sima era occupata in altri $tudi, conue-
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100 nienti al grado, che tiene; per&ograve; io $ono $tato
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101 molto tempo a dar principio a quello, che io di$ideraua grande-
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102 mente. Hora che fidandomi nella humanit&agrave; $ua, &amp; imaginandomi,
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103 che gli huomini $tudio$i $empre riuedeno le co$e loro, &amp; cercano
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104 di ampliarle, &amp; ornarle, ho pre$o ardire di $cuoprirle il mio di$ide-
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105 rio: n&egrave; mi$ono ingannato della bont&agrave; $ua, perche hauendo$i corte-
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106 $emente contentato che io lo ri$tampa$si, mi di$$e, che haueua anco
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107 apparecchiato il latino, che egli fece gia in$ieme col uolgare: &amp; che
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108 gli haueua aggiunto molte co$e, &amp; molte figure che non $ono nel
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109 primo: &amp; che mi donarebbe anche il Latino: la doue hauendo io
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110 hauuto piu di quello, che hauerei $aputo dimandare, ho uoluto Be-
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111 nigni Lettori ad utilit&agrave; commune, mandar in luce l'uno &amp; l'altro
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112 Vitruuio, &amp; u$are ogni diligenza, per rifarli in forma commoda, &amp;
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113 &amp; con figure accuratamente &amp; diligentemente intagliate dal mio
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114 honorato compare &amp; compagno in que$ta impre$a, M. Giouanni
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115 Chrieger Alemano, &amp; accommodate a que$ta nuoua forma, accio-
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116 che ognuno po$$a godere il frutto delle dotte fatiche del $opradet-
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117 to mio Signore. Ilquale uolto col pen$iero a tutte le belle arti, u&agrave;
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118 $empre ritrouando modi di giouare al mondo, &amp; $i affatica di inten-
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119 dere da ognuno le belle co$e, che $ono nelle arti piu nobili, facendo
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120 ingenua profe$sione di e$$ere obligato a chi gli $cuopre qualche
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121 bella inuentione. &amp; per&ograve; hauendo ueduto, che nello Analemma di
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122 Vitruuio lo eccellente me$$er Federico Commandino $i ha porta-
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123 to egregiamente interpretando lo Analemma di Tolomeo, che &egrave;
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124 lo i$te$$o con lo Analemma di Vitruuio, &amp; che il punto &egrave; po$to in
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125 <pb>
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126 quello, &amp; che gli altri, che hanno $critto de gli horologi, non hanno
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127 dato nel fondamento loro, giudicando quella e$$er uera, $ola, &amp; i$pe-
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128 dita uia, che in$egna, dimo$tra, &amp; pratica una delle parti principali
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129 dell' Architettura, ha uoluto leuare dal nono libro i di$cor$i gia fatti
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130 $opra gli horologi, &amp; in loro uece riponere que$ti di Tolomeo, &amp;
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131 del Commandino, aggiugnendoui la facilit&agrave;, che &egrave; propria $ua. per&ograve;
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132 i lettori del rinouato Vitruuio gli haueranno que$to obligo di piu,
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133 come anco deono hauerlo per molte figure aggiunte; &amp; $pecial-
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134 mente quelle de i Cauedi, che $ono difficili, &amp; quelle de i bagni, &amp;
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135 della pale$tra belli$sime, che portano gran lume alle co$e di Vitru.
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136 Ha $imilmente aggiunti molti di$cor$i, &amp; molte belle pratiche, ecci-
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137 tando gli $tudio$i della uerit&agrave; a fare qualche bella co$a, &amp; a ponere
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138 le $palle $otto a que$ta honorata impre$a, nellaquale molti $i $ono
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139 inutilmente affaticati, per e$$ere impre$a di per$one letterate, &amp; pra-
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140 tiche, lequali due conditioni di raro $i ritrouano in un $ogetto, &amp;
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141 $ono piu che nece$$arie, $e l'huomo uuole hauere, &amp; la co$a, &amp; il no-
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142 me di Architetto. &amp; io ho ueduto gli $critti di molti, che fanno pro-
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143 fe$sione di Architetti, &amp; non $anno fare di$tintione tra la Theorica,
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144 &amp; la pratica: &amp; in$egnando a tirare le linee $emplicemente, $enza le
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145 dimo$trationi mathematiche, pen$ano, che quella $ia la Theorica,
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146 &amp; a que$to modo non hanno n&egrave; Theorica, n&egrave; pratica; perche la
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147 Theorica $i riferi$ce alla pratica, &amp; la pratica dipende dalla Theori-
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148 ca: &amp; in $omma chi non ha le mathematiche, non ha la Theorica.
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149 per&ograve; io de$idererei per utilit&agrave; di que$ti tali, che $i gloriano d'hauere
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150 l'Architettura, che $i re$trigne$$ero in $e $te$si, &amp; che $i e$$amina$$e-
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151 ro bene, &amp; face$$ero a $e $te$si le interrogationi $econdo Vitruuio,
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152 &amp; dice$$ero. Vitruuio dice, che lo Architetto deue e$$er ornato del-
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153 la cognitione di molte arti, &amp; di molte $cienze. ben ho io tali orna-
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154 menti? Vitruuio dice, che lo Architetto deue hauere $econdo il bi-
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155 $ogno, &amp; con una certa $obriet&agrave;, Lettere, Di$egno, Arihmetica,
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156 Geometria, ragion naturale, &amp; ciuile, A$trologia, Mu$ica, Pro$pet-
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157 tiua, &amp; altre arti. bene. le cono$co io o tutte, o molte, o niuna di
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158 quelle? Vitruuio dice, che lo Architetto, &egrave; Architetto, perl' Ordi-
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159 ne, per la Di$po$itione, per la Simmetria, per lo Decoro, per la Di-
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160 <pb>
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161 $tributione, per la gratio $a maniera. bene. ho io l'habito di que$te
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162 co$e nella mente? &amp; co$i facendo a $e $te$si que$te interrogationi, $e
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163 non $i uorranno ingannare, $aperanno fare giudicio di $e mede$imi,
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164 &amp; trouando di hauere quelli ornamenti, che dice Vitruuio, ringra-
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165 tieranno Iddio, che gli ha donati in$ieme con lo ingegno, &amp; altribe-
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166 ni, n&egrave; per que$to $i anderanno gloriando di e$$ere Architetti, ma$i
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167 sforzeranno ogni giorno con le opere auanzare $e $te$si: &amp; $e non
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168 troueranno in$e le co$e, che $i richiedeno all' Architetto, ouero s'af-
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169 faticheranno per hauerle, ouero $taranno queti, &amp; non $i attribui-
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170 ranno quello, che ueramente non hanno. per&ograve; benigni lettori, &amp; uoi
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171 $tudio$i del nome, &amp; della gloria affaticateui di gettare il fondamen
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172 to $odo di quella con l'acqui$to delle uirtu, &amp; delle arti, &amp; u$ando
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173 quella mode$tia, che $i conuiene, non ui attribuite le co$e d'altri,
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174 non ui arrogate quello, che non hauete, $iate obligati a chi ui in$e-
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175 gna, u$ate diligenza per imparare, o$$eruate i buoni &amp; pigliate in
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176 bene, quello che per lo mio poco $apere &amp; buon uolere mi pare di
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177 ricordarui, e$$endo io $empre apparecchiato a uo$tri commodi $en-
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178 za alcuno ri$parmio di $pe$a, &amp; di fatica.
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179 <pb>
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180 <HEAD>IL PRIMO LIBRO
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181 DELL' ARCHITETTVRA</HEAD>
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182 <HEAD>DI M. VITRVVIO.</HEAD>
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183 <p>AL NOME DI DIO GLORIOSO, io Da-
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184 niel Barbaro nobile Vinitiano mi $ono po$to
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185 ad e$ponere, &amp; interpretare i dieci Libri del-
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186 l'architettura di M. Vitruuio. Mia intentione
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187 &egrave; $tata con qualche hone$ta fatica di giouare
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188 a gli $tudio$i delle artificio$e inuentioni, &amp; di
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189 dare occa$ione ad altri di$criuere piu chiara-
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190 mente di quelle co$e (come che molte humanamente auuengono)
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191 mi$aranno dalle mani fuggite. Ecco benigno Lettore, che io non
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192 di$idero premio $enza fatica, n&egrave; con ripo$o cerco arricchirmi de be
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193 ni altrui: giu$tamente richiedo la tua gratitudine: Huomini nati
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194 $iamo, &amp; ci&ograve; che procede dalla humanit&agrave; &egrave; atto di noi proprio, &amp;
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195 naturale, che uer$o altrui $i e$$ercita: imperoche ad altri uiuemo,
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196 &amp; l'un l'altro aiutamo. Solo Iddio nella $ua e$$enza raccolto, bi$o-
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197 gno non ha di co$a, che non $ia e$$o: mail tutto &egrave; di $ua gratia bi$o-
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198 gneuole. Godiamci adunque di quella, &amp; $enza inuidia porgen-
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199 doci mano di pari pa$$o tentiamo di peruenire a quella bella uerit&agrave;,
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200 che nelle degne Arti $i troua: accioche con lo $plendore della uirt&ugrave;,
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201 &amp; della gloria, $cacciamo le tenebre dello errore, &amp; della morte.
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202 <HEAD>VITA DI M. VITRVVIO.</HEAD>
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203 <p><I>MARCO</I> VITRVVIO <I>fu al tempo di Giulio Ce$are, ui$$e anche $otto il
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204 buono Augu$to ne gli anni di Roma $ettecento &amp; uenti $ette. Fu di $tatura me
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205 diocre, &amp; de beni di fortuna non molto accommodato. Hebbe felice $orte, ri
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206 $petto al padre, &amp; alla madre: imperoche con diligentia da quelli nodrito, &amp;
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207 bene ammae$trato $i diede alla cognitione di molte Arti, per lequali peruen-
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208 ne all' acqui$to dell' Architettura: ui$$e molti anni, oper&ograve;, &amp; $cri$$e, &amp; uir-
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209 tuo$amente $i condu$$e a i termini della uita: n&egrave; altramemoria di lui $i truoua, che le proprie
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210 compo$itioni: dalle quali $i ha, quanto fin' hora s'&egrave; detto. &amp; prima nella dedicatione dell' opera
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211 dice.</I> Ma hauendo il concilio de i Dei, qucllo con$ecrato a i troni della immortalit&agrave;, &amp;
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212 transferito nel poter tuo lo imperio del padre: lo i$te$$o mio $tudio nella memoria di lui
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213 <foot><I>A</I></foot>
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214 <pb n="2">
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215 re$tando fermo, in te ogni fauore tenne raccolto. Adunque con M.Aurelio, P.Mini-
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216 dio, &amp; Gn.Cornelio fui $opra l'apparecchio delle Bali$te, &amp; de gli Scorpioni, &amp; alla pro-
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217 ui$ione de gli altri tormenti. i quali, $ubito che mi concede$ti, molto bene per la rac-
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218 commandatione di tua $orella ne $erua$ti lo ricono$cimento. Et per&ograve; e$$endo io per
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219 quel bene$icio tenuto, &amp; obligato, di modo, che io non haueua a temere ne gli ultimi an
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220 ni della uita mia la poucrt&agrave;, io ho cominciato a $criuere que$te co$e. <I>Nel proemio del $e$to
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221 libro co$i dice.</I>
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222 <p>Et per&ograve; io grandi$sime, &amp; in$inite gratic rendo a i miei progenitori, i quali approuan
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223 do la legge de gli A thenie$i, mi hanno nelle Arti ammac$trato, &amp; in quelle $pecialmen-
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224 te, che$enza lettere, &amp; $enza quella raccommunanza di tutte le dottrine, che in giro $i uol
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225 ge, non puo per alcun modo e$$ere commendata.} <I>Nel proemio del $econdo libro an-
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226 chora dice.</I>
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227 <p>Ma a me, o Imperatore, la natura non ha dato la grandezza del corpo: &amp; la ct&agrave; mi
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228 ha deformata la faccia, &amp; la infirmita leuate le forze: la doue e$$endo io da co$i fatti
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229 pre$idij abbandonato, io $pero per mezzo della $cientia, &amp; de gli $critti in qualche gra-
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230 do $alire.
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231 <p><I>Et altroue dimo$tra non e$$ere $tato ambitio$o, n&egrave; arrogante, n&egrave; auaro, &amp; di $e mode$tamen-
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232 te parlando, difende i letterati, riprende i temerarij, ammae$tra gli imperiti, &amp; ammoni$ce con
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233 amore, &amp; con fede quelli, che uogliono fabricare: $egni certi<02>imi della bont&agrave; dell' animo, &amp;
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234 dell' innocenza della uita. Scri$$e diecilibri d'Architettura (come egli afferma nella fine del-
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235 l'opera,) &amp; $otto uno a$petto, &amp; in un corpo la ridu$$e, raunando le parti di e$$a a beneficio di tut
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236 te le genti, come egli dice nel proemio del quarto libro. Il modo, che u$a Vitruuio nello $criuere
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237 &egrave; (come $i conuiene) prima ordinato, dapoi con $implicit&agrave; di uocaboli, &amp; propriet&agrave; di parole.
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238 del che egline rende la ragione nel proemio del quinto libro: ilquale io di$idero, che letto $ia,
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239 prima che ad altro $i uegna. Ma noi hauemo altre difficult&agrave;: lequali ouero $pauentano i Letto-
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240 ri di Vitruuio, ouero ritardano gli $tudio$i dell' Architettura: &amp; quelle grandi $ono &amp; potenti.
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241 Et la prima &egrave; il poco $apere di molti, i quali $i uogliono dare a Vitruuio $enza cognitione di let-
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242 tere. Altri non cono$cono il bi$ogno di$apere, &amp; $ono come Sofi$ti, e V antatori: i difetti de i
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243 quali dallo Auttore $ono in piu luoghi $coperti. L'altra difficult&agrave; &egrave; po$ta nel mancamento de gli
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244 e$$empi, s&igrave; delle opere antiche citate da Vitruuio, s&igrave; delle figure, che egli ci promette nel fine
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245 di cia$cuno de i $uoi dieci Libri. Quelle ci in$egnarebbeno molto, &amp; non ci la$ciarebbeno il ca-
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246 rico dipiu pre$to indouinare, che approuare la uerit&agrave; delle co$e. Ma io non uorrei, che per que$te
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247 cagioni alcuno sbigottito $i rimoue$$e da $i bella, &amp; lodata impre$a, nella quale molti di genero$o
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248 animo affaticati $i $ono, &amp; tutt' hora s'affaticano, &amp; s'affaticheranno, $perando, che la fati-
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249 ca, &amp; la diligentia dell' huomo $in per $uperare ogni humana difficult&agrave;. Io per que$ta ragione
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250 aiutato dal diletto, &amp; dallo $tudio, che riuiue in molti, po$to mi $ono a que$ta impre$a, alla
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251 quale &egrave;homai tempo di entrare. Per di$ponere adunque gli intelletti, accioche meglio $ia loro
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252 dimo$trato il $entiero, &amp; il fine, al quale deono peruenire, dir&ograve;, che co$a &egrave; Arte: onde na$ce:
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253 come ore$oe: a che peruenga. Di$tinguer&ograve; le Arti; Ritrouer&ograve; l'Architettura, &amp; le parti di e$$a:
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254 dichiarando l'ufficio, &amp; il fine dello Architetto.</I>
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255 <HEAD><I>PROEMIO.</I></HEAD>
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256 <p><I>Diuer$e $ono le qualit&agrave; delle co$e, tra lequali una &egrave;, che Habito $i dimanda $econdo che
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257 $i dice. Far buon' habito: e$$er ben habituato: &amp; $imiglianti modi, che dinotano o
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258 prendere, o po$$edere una qualit&agrave;, che di l&agrave;, doue &egrave;, di$$icilmente $i po$$a leuare. Sot-
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259 to il predetto nome, ogni $cientia, ogni arte, ogni uirtu, &amp; ogni uitio $i comprende. Da que-
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260 $ta cognitione lo intelletto trahe due co$e. L'una &egrave;, che egli cono$ce la importanza di apprende-</I>
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261 <pb n="3">
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262 <I>re piu uno habito, che un' altro. L'altra &egrave;, che non co$i agcuolmente s'acqui$tano i belli habiti,
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263 n&egrave; di leggieri alcuno merita e$$er con i chiari nomi di quelli chiamato. Il che co$i e$$endo, l'huomo
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264 auueduto s'affatica, &amp; pratica con le per$one eccellenti, &amp; non $educe $e mede$mo, credendo ue
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265 ramente di$apere, quello che egli ueramente non $a. Diuidon$i gli habiti in que$to modo, che al-
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266 tri$ono dello intelletto, altri della uolont&agrave; no$tra. Gli habiti dello intelletto $ono ditre manie-
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267 re. Alcuni non la$ciano lo intelletto piu al uero, che al fal$o piegare, come &egrave; la opinione, il $o-
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268 $petto, la credulit&agrave;: Altri uolgeno la mente humana dal uero, &amp; di fermo al fal$o la torcono. co
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269 me $e alcuno da fal$i principij di$po$to, al uero per modo alcuno con$entire non pote$$e: &amp; que-
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270 $to mal habito $i chiama Ignoranza praua. La terza maniera di habiti &egrave; quella, che auuezza
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271 lo intelletto al uero, di modo, che egli non $i pu&ograve; alla fal$it&agrave;, &amp; all' errore per alcuna uia riuol-
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272 gere; Degna ucramente &amp; precio$a qualit&agrave;, &amp; conditione di habito, come quella, che lieui la
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273 in$tabilit&agrave; dell' oppinione, chiari$ca il $o$petto, &amp; induca la certezza, &amp; la fermezza della ue-
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274 rit&agrave;. Ma perche il uero nelle co$e diuer$amente $i truora: per&ograve; d'intorno al uero nelle co$e mol-
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275 ti$ono gli habiti dello intelletto. Dico adunque nello intelletto humano e$$er un' habito del ue-
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276 ro, che di nece$$it&agrave; adiuiene, &amp; un' altro habito di quel uero, che non &egrave; nece$$ario, detto da
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277 Filo$ofi Vero contingente. Il Vero nece$$ario &egrave; quello, che per uera, &amp; certa ragione $i con
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278 chiude. &amp; oltra di que$to uero nece$$ario &egrave; quello, che per proua de alcuna co$a $i piglia. &amp; fi-
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279 nalmente uero nece$$ario &egrave; quello, che della proua, &amp; della co$a prouata &egrave; compo$to. La onde
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280 dalla predetta diui$ione tre maniere di habiti d'intorno al uero nece$$ario ci $ono manife$te. La
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281 prima &egrave; nominata Scienza, che habito &egrave; di conclu$ione per uera &amp; nece$$aria proua acqui$tato.
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282 La $econda &egrave; detta Intelletto, che &egrave; habito de i principij, &amp; delleproue, &amp; ritiene il nome della
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283 potenza dell' anima, nella quale egli $i truoua: la onde &egrave; nominato, Intelletto. imperoche allo
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284 acqui$to di quello non ui concorre altro habito precedente: ma cono$ciuti i termini, cio&egrave; $apen-
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285 do$i la $ignificatione de i nomi: di $ubito lo intelletto $enza altra proua, $olo da diuini raggi il-
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286 lu$trato del lume naturale cono$ce, &amp; con$ente e$$er uero quello, che gli &egrave; propo$to. Per&ograve; Dan
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287 te chiama il cono$cimento di que$to uero, prima notitia. &amp; quel uero, primo uero. i Filo$ofi,
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288 primi concetti, o Dignit&agrave;, o Ma$$ime $ogliono chiamare. Da que$to habito detto intelletto, han-
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289 no hauuto uigore, &amp; forza $pecialmente le Mathematice. perche in quelle $ono que$te notitie
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290 manife$ti$$ime, &amp; benche picciole $iano di quantit&agrave;, $ono per&ograve; di ualore ine$timabile. Per $ape
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291 re adunque conchiudere molte co$e da i proprij principij, (che altro non &egrave;, che hauere $cienza)
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292 bi$ogna prima acqui$tar$i lo Intelletto: cio&egrave; l'habito, che cono$ce i principij. che io in que$to luo
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293 go chiamerei, Intendimento, per non confondere i uocaboli delle co$e: perche intelletto &egrave; nome
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294 di potenza &amp; di uirtu dell' anima, che intende: &amp; intendimento &egrave; operatione, ouero habito di
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295 quella potenza. La terza maniera &egrave; detta Sapienza, che &egrave; pronta &amp; i$pedita cognitione delle
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296 proue alle conchiu$ioni applicate. Et come lo acume della diuina intelligenza penetra per entro
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297 al mezo di ogni co$a, co$i ad uno ri$uegliamento dello intelletto habituato in molte $cienze, &amp;
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298 nella cognitione di molti principij $i ritroua il uero: &amp; que$ti $ono gli habiti dello intelletto d'in-
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299 torno al uero nece$$ario: cio&egrave; d'intorno al uero, che non puo e$$ere, che non $ia, ne i quali non
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300 $i &egrave; ritrouato quello habito, che noi Arte chiamamo: propriamente dico, perche hora $iragio
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301 na con i proprij, &amp; ueri uocaboli delle co$e. Hora uediamo $e tra gli habiti, che $ono d'intorno
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302 al uero Contingente $i troua l'Arte. Dico che nelle co$e fatte da gli huomini, perche dipende-
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303 no dalla loro uolont&agrave;, che non piu a que$to, che a quello &egrave; terminata, non $itroua quella nece$-
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304 $it&agrave;, di che $opra dicemmo. &amp; altre di quelle $ono pertinenti alla unione, &amp; conuer$atione, al-
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305 tre conuengono all utilit&agrave;, &amp; commodo uniuer$ale. La regola di quelle &egrave; nominata Pruden-
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306 za, che &egrave; habito moderatore delle attioni humane, &amp; ciuili. La regola delle $econde &egrave; detta Ar
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307 te, che &egrave; habito regolatore delle opere, che ricercano alcuna materia e$teriore. &amp; $i come dallo
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308 habito della prima regola gli huomini $ono chiamati Prudenti, Giudici, Legislatori, e Rettori:
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309 Co$i dal $econdo $ono detti Architetti, Soldati, Agricoltori, Fabri, &amp; Artefici. Dalle gia</I>
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310 <foot><I>A</I> 2</foot>
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311 <pb n="4">
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312 <I>dette co$e ritrouato hauemo, che Arte &egrave; habito nella mente, come in uero $oggetto ripo$to, che
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313 la di$pone a fare, &amp; operare con regola, &amp; ragione fuori di $e co$e utili alla uita: Come Pru
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314 denza &egrave; habito, che di$pone lo intelletto a regolare la uolont&agrave; in quelle co$e, che alla unione, &amp;
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315 bene della republica, &amp; della famiglia, &amp; di $e $te$$o, conuengono. La onde giu$ti, mode$ti,
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316 forti, liberali, amici, ueraci, &amp; in $omma buoni, &amp; uirtuo$i diuentiamo: &amp; di piu qua$i $emi-
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317 dei per la uirtu heroica $iamo giudicati. Ma la$ciamo a dictro le co$e, che non fanno per no, &amp;
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318 ritrouiamo il na$cimento delle Arti, $econdo, che prome$$o hauemo di $opra. Na$ce ogni arte
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319 da i$perienza. Il che come $ia, dir&ograve; breuemente, dimo$trando che co$a &egrave; I$perienza: Da che na-
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320 $ce: Come $ia fonte delle Arti. I$perienza non &egrave; altro che una cognitione nata da molte ricor-
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321 danze di co$e $imiglianti a i $en$i humani $ottopo$te, per lequali ricordanze l'huomo giudica di
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322 tutte ad uno i$te$$o modo. Eccoti l'e$$empio. Nel cono$cere una co$a, ui concorre prima il $en
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323 $o, dapoi la memoria: oltra di que$to la comparatione delle co$e ricordate. Hauendo l'huo-
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324 mo per uia de i $en$i compre$o, che lo A$$enzo, per e$$empio, ha con$erito a que$to, &amp; a quel-
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325 lo nella debolezza dello $tomaco, ricordando$i di tale effetto, ne caua una $omma uniuer$a-
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326 le, &amp; dice: Adunque doue &egrave; debolezza di $tomaco lo a$$enzo &egrave; gioueuole, &amp; buono. Il $imile
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327 puo fare delle altre piante, &amp; da molte particolari, et di$tinte i$perienze col mezo della memo-
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328 ria puo trarre le propo$itioni uniuer$ali, lequali $ono principij dell' arti. La i$perienza adunque
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329 &egrave; $imile all' orma, che ci dimo$tra le fiere. perche $i come l'orma &egrave; principio di ritrouare il Cer-
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330 uo, n&egrave; per&ograve; &egrave; parte del Ceruo, (percioche il Ceruo non &egrave; compo$to di orme,) co$i la i$perienza &egrave;
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331 principio di ritrouar le arti, &amp; non &egrave; parte di alcuna arte; perche le co$e a i $en$i $ottopo$te non
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332 $ono principij dell' Arti; ma occa$ione, come chiaramente $i uede, per che il principio dell' Arte
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333 &egrave; uniuer$ale, &amp; non $ottopo$to a i $en$i humani, benche per uia de' $en$i $tato $ia ritrouato.
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334 ma che differenza $ia tra la i$perienza, &amp; l'Arte, $i uede in que$to modo. Certo &egrave;, che quan
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335 to all' operare non &egrave; dall' Arte la i$perienza differente: percioche tanto in que$la, quanto in quel-
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336 la uenendo$i all' e$fetto, $i di$cende allo indiuiduo; perche le attioni $ono cerca le co$e particola-
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337 ri: Ma quanto alla forza, &amp; alla efficacia dell' operare, gli e$perti fanno effetto maggiore, che
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338 quelli, i quali hanno $olamente la ragione uniuer$ale delle co$e: &amp; per&ograve; $pe$$o adiuiene che lo Ar
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339 tefice ine$perto, auuenga Dio, che egli habbia nella mente la ragione de gli Artificij, erra per&ograve;,
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340 &amp; pecca bene $pe$$o, non per non $apere, n&egrave; perche la ragione $ia men uera: ma perche non &egrave;
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341 e$$ercitato, n&egrave; cono$ce i difelti della materia, laquale molte fiate non ri$ponde alla intentione
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342 dell' Arte. Con tutto que$to l'Arte &egrave; piu eccellente, &amp; piu degna della i$perienza, perche &egrave; piu
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343 uicina al $apere, intendendo le cau$e, &amp; le ragioni delle co$e, l&agrave; doue la i$perienza opera $enza
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344 ragione. Appre$$o lo intelligente Artefice &egrave; piu pronto a ri$oluere, &amp; dar conto delle co$e, che
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345 il$emplice, et puro e$perto. La onde l'Arte &egrave; alla $apienza, che &egrave; habito nobili$$imo, piu uici-
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346 na. Segno manife$to del $apere &egrave; il potere in$egnare, &amp; ammae$trare altrui, percioche la
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347 perfettione con$i$te in potere far altri a $e mede$imi $imiglianti. Et per&ograve; l'Artifice, che &egrave; quello
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348 che intende la ragione, pu&ograve; in$egnare &amp; fare un' altro $e $te$$o, quanto all' Arte $ua: Ma lo
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349 E$perto non co$i. &amp; $e bene lo E$perto mo$tra ad altri come egli fa, non per&ograve; &egrave; atto a darne con
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350 to, non hauendo l'Arte: &amp; la $ua dimo$tratione oltra il $en$o non $i e$tende, &amp; &egrave; $olamente in
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351 modo di uedere congiunto con alcuna oppinione, o credenza di colui, che uede: ilquale in $imi-
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352 le atto fa ufficio $eruile imperfetto, &amp; lontano dall' ufficio dell' Arte: &amp; per&ograve; Vitrunio uuole,
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353 che la i$perienza $ia con la cognitione accompagnata. Come adunque na$ce la i$perienza; che
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354 co$a &egrave;; &amp; in che modo l'Arte da quella procede, chiaramente s'&egrave; dimo$trato. Dal che $i com-
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355 prende e$$er due maniere di i$perienza. l'una, che all' Arte &egrave; prepo$ta, cio&egrave; che $i fa prima, che
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356 s'acqui$ti l'Arte: come quando $i dice. Io faccio i$perienza, &amp; uoglio prouare, $e mirie$ce al-
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357 cuna co$a: &amp; que$to &egrave;come fonte a fiume quanto all' Arte. L'altra maniera &egrave; quella, che &egrave; ec
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358 citata, &amp; de$ta dall' Arte, che $i truoua in noi, &amp; $econdo le ragioni dell' Arte la e$$ercitiamo.
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359 Egli $i puo anche dalle predette co$e uedere, che la i$perienza molto piu $erue alle Arti, che</I>
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360 <pb n="5">
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361 <I>s'acqui$tano per inuentione, che a quelle, che s'imparano per ammae$tramento. Il na$cimento
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362 delle arti da principio &egrave; debole, ma col tempo acqui$ta for za et uigore: imperochei primi inuen
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363 tori hanno poco lume delle co$e, &amp; non po$$ono ageuolmente raccogliere molte uniuer$ali pro-
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364 po$itioni, per lequali l'Arte s'ingagliardi$ca, perche per la breuit&agrave; della uita non hanno tem-
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365 po difarne la ifperienza: ma la$ciando a po$teri le co$e trouate da loro $cemano la fatica di quel
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366 li, &amp;aggiugneno loro occa$ione di aumentare le Arti, per la molta uirt&ugrave;, che ne i pochi prin
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367 cipij $i truoua. perche $i come nella mente $i concepe la moltitudine de $udditi $otto un Principe,
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368 co$i molti concetti dell' arte al $uo principio $i riferi$ceno. &amp; per que$to di gran laude $ono de-
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369 gni gli inuentori delle co$e, iquali banno trouato i principij $enza ri$parmio di fatica, da i quali
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370 deriua il compimento, &amp; la perfettione dell' Arti: doue egli $i pu&ograve; dire che la met&agrave; del fatto, &egrave;
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371 il cominciar bene. Et qui$ia detto a ba$tanza d'intorno alla origine, diffinitione, accre$cimen-
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372 to, et perfettione dell' Arte. Re$ta che io di$tingua l'Arti $econdo, che di $opra promi$i di fa-
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373 re. Certo io non uoglio in que$to luogo fare una $cielta di tutte l'Arti partitamente, perche
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374 troppo ritardarei lo intendimento di chi legge, &amp; poco giouerei. La$cier&ograve; a dietro quella $i-
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375 gnificatione uniuer$ale di que$to uocabolo, che abbraccia l'Arti liberali, delle qualitre $o-
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376 no d'intorno al parlare, &amp; quattro cerca la quantit&agrave;, d'intorno al parlare &egrave; la Grammatica,
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377 la Rhetorica, la Logica: Cerca la quantit&agrave; &egrave; la Geometria, l'A$trologia, l'Arithmetica, la
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378 Mu$ica. La$cier&ograve; l'Arti uili, &amp; ba$$e, che degne non $ono della pre$ente con$ideratione, n&egrave;
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379 del nome dell' Arte. Non ragioner&ograve; di quelle Arti, et dottrine, che ci $ono in$pirate da Dio,
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380 come &egrave; la no$tra chri$tiana Theologia; perche hora non $itende a que$to fine, che ritruouia-
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381 mo tutto quello, che $otto nome di Arte $i contiene: imperoche non &egrave; al propo$ito no$tro: $i
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382 che io la$cier&ograve; le diuinationi, che me$colate $ono di diuina in$piratione, &amp; humana inuentio-
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383 ne. Sono adunque al pre$ente bi$ogno quelle Arti nece$$arie, che $erueno con dignit&agrave;, &amp; gran
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384 dezza alla commodit&agrave;, &amp; u$o de' mortali: come &egrave; l'Arte di andar per mare detta Nauigatio-
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385 ne, l'Arte Militare, l'Arte del fabricare, la Medicina, l'Agricoltura, la Venaggione, la
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386 Pittura, &amp; Scoltura, il Lanificio, &amp; altre $imiglianti, lequali in due modi $i po$$ono con-
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387 $iderare. prima come di$correno, &amp; con uie ragioneuoli trouando uanno le ragioni, &amp; le
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388 regole dell' operare. dapoi come con prontezza di mano s'affaticano di ponere in alcuna materia
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389 e$teriore, quello che eraripo$to nella mente. Donde na$ce che alcune Arti hano piu della $cien-
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390 za, &amp; altre meno. &amp; a cono$cere l'Arti piu degne, que$ta &egrave; la uia. Quelle, nelle quali fa bi$ogno
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391 l'Arte del numerare, la Geometria, &amp; l'altre Mathematice, tutte hanno del grande: il rimanen
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392 te $enza le dette Arti (come dice Platone) &egrave; uile, &amp; abietto, come co$a nata da $emplice ima
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393 ginatione, fallace coniettura, &amp; dal uero abbandonat a i$perienza. Et quiui apparir&agrave; la di-
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394 gnit&agrave; dell' Architettura, laquale approua &egrave; giudica le opere, che dalle altre Arti $i fanno. Ma
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395 perche prima non $i deue lodare alcuna co$a, $e prima non $i $a, che co$a ella $ia: giu$to, &amp; ra
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396 gioneuole &egrave;, che dimo$triamo l'origine, &amp; la forza, &amp; le parti dell' Architettura, &amp; qual
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397 $ia l'ufficio, &amp; il fine dello Architetto. &amp; perche il mede$imo $i fa dallo Auttore, come
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398 da erudito, &amp; ammae$trato ne i precetti dell' Arte, dar&ograve; principio alla dichiaratione de i $uoi
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399 detti, sbrigandomi prima dalla dedicatione dell' opera. Dedicando adunque ad Ottauio Au-
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400 $to dice in que$to modo.</I>
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401 <p>MENTRE, che la tua diuina mente, &amp; Deit&agrave;, &ograve; Ce$are Imperatore, acqui$taua
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402 l'Imperio del mondo, &amp; i cittadini $i gloriauano del trionfo &amp; della uittoria
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403 tua, e$$endo tutti i nimici dalla tua inuitta uirtu &agrave; terra battuti: &amp; mentre, che
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404 tutte le nationi domite, &amp; $oggiogate il tuo cenno attendeuano, &amp; il popolo Romano in-
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405 fieme col $enato fuori d'ogni timore, da i tuoi altifsimi prouedimenti &amp; con$igli era go-
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406 uernato; io non ardiua mandare in luce le co$e dell' Architettura da me $critte, tra tante
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407 occupationi, &amp; con grandi pen$ieri e$plicate: dubitando non fuor di tempo tramettendo-
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408 <pb n="6">
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409 mi, incorrefsi nell' offe$a dell' animo tuo. Ma poi, che io m'accor$i, che egual cura tene-
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410 ui &amp; della $alute d'ognuno con il publico maneggio, &amp; della opportunit&agrave; de i publici edi-
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411 ficij; accioche non $olamente fu$$e col fauor tuo la Citt&agrave; di $tato fatta maggiore, ma an-
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412 chora la mae$t&agrave; dello imperio grandezza haue$$e, &amp; riputatione delle publiche fabricatio-
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413 ni: io h&ograve; pen$ato non e$$er piu tempo di tardare; &amp; non ho uoluto pretermettere, che di
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414 $ubito &agrave; nome tuo non manda$si in luce le gi&agrave; dette co$e. Imperoche per que$ta ragione
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415 io era da tuo padre cono$ciuto, &amp; della $ua uirtu molto $tudio$o. Ma hauendo il conci-
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416 lio de i cele$ti Dei quello con$ecrato ne i $eggi della immortalit&agrave;, &amp; trasferito nel poter
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417 tuo lo imperio del padre: lo i$te$$o mio $tudio nella memoria di quello re$tando fermo, in
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418 te ripo$e il fauore. Adunque con M. Aurelio, Pub. Minidio, &amp; Gn. Cornelio fui $opra
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419 l'apparecchio delle Bali$te, &amp; de gli Scorpioni. &amp; alla rifattione de gli altri tormenti; &amp;
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420 in$ieme con e$$o loro ne riportai delle commodit&agrave;, lequali $ubito che tu mi concede$ti,
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421 molto bene per la raccommandatione di tua $orella il ricono$cimento $erua$ti; &amp; per&ograve; e$-
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422 $endo io per quel beneficio tenuto &amp; obbligato, di modo che in$ino allo e$tremo della ui-
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423 ta non haue$si a temere alcun di$agio: Io diedi principio &agrave; $criuere que$te co$e: perche io
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424 haueua auuertito, che tu haueui fabricato molte co$e, &amp; tutta uia ne uai edificando; &amp;
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425 anche per lo auuenire $ei per hauer cura, &amp; pen$iero delle publiche, &amp; priuate opere $econ-
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426 do la grandezza delle co$e fatte, accioche $iano alla memoria de' po$teri commendate. Io
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427 ho $critto con diligenza determinati precetti in modo, che da te $te$$o ponendoui pen$ie-
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428 ro pote$ti cono$cere quali fu$$ero le co$e gi&agrave; fabricate, &amp; come haue$$ero a riu$cir quelle,
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429 che $i doue$$ero fabricare: percioche in que$ti uolumi, io ho aperto tutte le ragioni di que
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430 $to ammae$tramento.
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431 <p><I>Il $auio &amp; prudente lettore potr&agrave; per le parole di Vitr. con$iderare la prudenza, &amp; bont&agrave; $ua,
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432 come di per$ona, che e$$endo per beneficij riceuuti obligato &amp; tenuto, dimo$tra gratitudine, &amp;
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433 nella gratitudine giudicio, offerendo quelle co$e, che po$$ono e$$er grate &agrave; chi le riceue. &amp; in ue-
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434 ro e$$endo tutto il mondo $otto un principe, l'armi erano ce$$ate, &amp; le porte di Giano rinchiu$e.
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435 Il principe raccolto nella gloria delle belle impre$e da lui $atte, godeua del $uo $plendore, &amp; $om-
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436 mamente $i dilettaua di $abricare gloriando$i di la$ciar la citt&agrave; (che prima era di pietre cotte) la-
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437 $tricata di Marmo. Fu adottiuo figliuolo di Giulio Ce$are: nacque di Accia, &amp; di Ottauio. Al
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438 co$tui tempo nacque no$tro Signore. Fu ueramente buono, &amp; grande appoggio de' uirtuo$i, per
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439 ilche non tanto per hauere accre$ciuto lo Imperio e$$er deue nominato Augu$to, quanto per haue-
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440 re fauorito gli huomini da bene, &amp; aumentato con lode, &amp; premio ogni uirt&ugrave;, &amp; dottrina. A lui
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441 dunque meriteuolmente con$acra Vitruuio le fatiche $ue, &amp; con ingegno di quelle co$e, &amp; con
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442 quelle parole lo e$$alta, che ueramente, &amp; $enza adulatione $e gli conueniuano. Et tanto $ia det-
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443 to, d'intorno la dedicatione dell' opera. Egli $i legge in alcuni te$ti non Minidio, ma Numidio, &amp;
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444 in alcuni Numidico. Io non truouo altra fede, che piu ad uno, che altro modo $i debbia legge-
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445 re. Benche in alcune Medaglie $i legga e$$ere $tato $opra la Cecca un L. Mu$idio. ma que$to po-
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446 co c'importa. N&egrave; io $ono curio $o di dichiarare che co$a &egrave; Bali$ta, &amp; Scorpione, percioche $e ne
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447 dir&agrave; nel decimo libro al proprio luogo. n&egrave; $i deue (per quanto $timo io) confondere l'ordine delle
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448 co$e. Venir&ograve; adunque a Vitr. ilquale $econdo il precetto' dell' Arte diffini$ce, e determina, che
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449 co$a &egrave; Architettura, dicendo.</I> Architettura &egrave; $eienza, di molte di$cipline, &amp; di diuer$i am-
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450 mae$tramenti ornata, dal cui giudicio s'approuano tutte le opere, che dalle altre Arti com
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451 piutamente $i fanno.
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452 <p><I>Prima, che $i e$ponga, &amp; dimo$tri che co$a &egrave; Architettura, dir&ograve; la forza di que$to nome, per-
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453 cioche molto gioua allo intendimento delle co$e, che $i diranno. Architettura &egrave; nome, che dal
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454 greco derriua; &amp; &egrave; di due uoci compo$to. La prima $ignifica principale, &amp; capo; La $econda
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455 fabbro, &ograve; artefice. Et chi uole$$e bene e$primere uolgarmente la forza del detto nome, direbbe
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456 capo mae$tra. Et per&ograve; dice Platone, che lo Arch tetto non $a me$tieri alcuno, ma &egrave; $opra$tan-</I>
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457 <pb n="7">
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458 <I>te &agrave; quelli, che gli fanno. La doue potremo dire l'Architetto non e$$er Fabro, non mae$tro di
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459 legname, non mnratore, non $eparatamente certo, &amp; determinato artefice, ma capo, $opra$tante,
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460 &amp; regolatore di tutt i gli arteficij: come quello, che non $ia prima, a tanto grado $alito, che egli
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461 non $i habbia prima in molte, &amp; diuer$e dottrine, &amp; opere e$$ercitato. Sopra$tando adunque di-
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462 mo$tra, di$egna, di$tribui$ce, ordina, &amp; comanda. &amp; in que$ti uffici appare la dignit&agrave; dell'Ar-
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463 chitettura e$$er alla $apienza uicina, &amp; come uirt&ugrave; heroica nel mezo di tutte le arti dimorare.
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464 perche $ola intende le cagiom; $ola abbraccia le belle, &amp; alte co$e: $ola, dico, tra tutte l'Arti
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465 partecipa delle piu certe $cienze, come &egrave; l'Arithmetica, &amp; la Geometria, &amp; le altre, $enza le-
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466 quali (come s'&egrave; detto) ogni arte &egrave; uile, &amp; $enza riputatione. Vedendo adunque Vitr. l'Archi-
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467 tettura e$$er tale, dice prima ella e$$er</I> {<I>Scienza.</I>} <I>&amp; per Scienza intende cognitione, &amp; rau-
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468 nanza di molti precetti, &amp; ammae$tramenti, che unitamente riguardano alla cono$cenza d'un fi-
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469 ne propo$to. poi perche in que$to la Architettura conuiene conmolte altre $cienze, delle quali par
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470 titamente $i puo dire, che cia$cuna $ia cognitione: per&ograve; Vitr. le attribui$ce alcune differenze,
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471 che ri$tringono quello intendimento uniuer$ale, &amp; commune del predetto nome. &amp; que$to &egrave; ufficio
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472 della uera diffinitione, cio&egrave; dichiarire la natura, &amp; la forza della co$a diffinita, inmodo che ella
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473 da tutte altre co$e di$tinta, &amp; $eparata $i cono$ca. &amp; per&ograve; foggiugne Vitr.</I> {<I>Di molte di$cipline, &amp;
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474 di diuer$i ammae$tr amenti ornata.</I>} <I>Et di$tingue per le dette parole l'Architettura, da molte par
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475 ticolari notitie, che uengono da i $en$i, $tanno nella i$perienza, &amp; $i e$$ercitano per pratica. N&egrave;
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476 per que$to anchora &egrave; bene diffinita l'Architettura: percioche $e quiui re$ta$$e la diffinitione, ella
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477 $arebbe commune, &amp; piu ampia di quello, che $i conuiene. Imperoche l'Arte del dire, la Me-
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478 dicina, &amp; molte altre Arti, &amp; $cienze ornate $ono dimolte dottrine, &amp; di diuer$i ammae$tra-
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479 menti, come chiaramente per gli $critti di Cicerone, di Galeno, &amp; d'altri autori $i uede. Ri$tri-
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480 gnendo adunque Vitr. con maggiori propriet&agrave; la $ua diffinitione, dice</I> {<I>Dal cui giudicio s'appro-
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481 uano tutte le opere, che dalle altre arti $i fanno.</I>} <I>Ecco l'ultima differenza, che ne i ueri, &amp; giu-
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482 $ti termini, &amp; qua$i confini rinchiude l'Architettura. percioche il giudicare le opere compiute dal
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483 le Arti, &egrave; proprio di lei, &amp; non d'altre. L'oratore s'adorna di molte Arti, &amp; di$cipline, &amp;
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484 quelle grandi$$ime, $ono, &amp; belli$$ime. Il $imigliante fa il Medico; ma l'uno, &amp; l'altro hanno
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485 diuer$i intendimenti. l'Oratore s'adorna per potere per$uadere, cio&egrave; indurre opinione in ogni ma-
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486 teria propo$ta. Il Medico per indurre, &ograve; con$eruare la $anit&agrave;. Malo Architetto $olo per giu-
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487 dicare, &amp; approuare le opere perfette dalle altre Arti: perfette, dico, ouer compiute, come di-
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488 ce Vitr. per&ograve; che non $i pu&ograve; giudicare $e non le cofe finite, accio niuna $cu$a $ia dello Artefice.
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489 Vero &egrave; anche que$to, che lo Architetto $opra$tando mentre che $i fanno le opere, giudica $e el-
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490 le $i fanno bene, &ograve; male, &amp; approua que$ta, et bia$ma quella, $econdo il giudicio, &amp; la cognitio-
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491 ne, che egl&igrave; ha; &amp; for$e que$ta &egrave; migliore e$po$itione che la di $opra. Dalla diffinitione dell'Ar-
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492 chitettura, $i comprende che co$a &egrave; Architetto, &amp; $i cono$ce, Architetto e$ser colui, che
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493 per certa, &amp; merauiglio$a ragione, &amp; uia s&igrave; con la mente, &amp; con l'animo $a determinare, co-
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494 me con lo in$egnare, &amp; con l'opera condurre &agrave; fine quelle co$e, che dal mouimento de i pe$idal
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495 compartimento de i corpi, &amp; dalla compo$itione delle opere &agrave; beneficio de gli huomini $aranno
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496 commendate.</I> {<I>Architettura &egrave; $cienza ornata di molte di$cipline, &amp; di diuer$i ammae$tramen-
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497 ti.</I>} <I>Et per di$ciplina intende quello, che i di$cepoli imparano. Et per ammaeftramenti, quello
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498 che i mae$tri in$egnano. il parlare &egrave; in$trumento dello in$egnare, &amp; l'udire dello imparare. La dot-
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499 trina comincia nel concetto di colui, che in$egna, &amp; $i e$tende $ino alle parole. la di$ciplina co-
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500 mincia nell'udito di colui, che impara, &amp; termina nel concetto. Ma bella co$a &egrave;il $upponere'
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501 per ragione, &amp; dimo$trare per pratica; in quello &egrave; la Dottrina, in que$to &egrave; la Eruditione, cio&egrave; lo
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502 $gro$$amento.</I> {<I>Per lo cui giuditio s'approuano.</I>} <I>Il giudicare &egrave; co$a eccellenti<02>ima, &amp; non
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503 ad altri conce$$a, che &agrave; i $aui, &amp; prudenti: percioche il giuditio $i fa $opra le co$e cono$ciute,
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504 &amp; per quello</I>, {<I>S'approua</I>,} <I>cio&egrave; $i d&agrave; la $entenza, &amp; $i dimo$tra, che con ragione $i&egrave; ope-
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505 rato. Approua adunque l'Architettura, l'opere fatte dalle altre arti. Opera &egrave; quello artificio</I>,
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506 <pb n="8">
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507 <I>o lauoro, che re$ta ce$$ando l'operatione dello Artefice, o finita, o non finita, che ella $ia: come
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508 Operatione &egrave; quel mouimento che egli fa mentre lauora. Ma Attione s'intende negotio, o ma-
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509 reggio ciuile, &amp; uirtuo$o, ce$$ato che egli $ia, niente re$ta di fuori</I>, {<I>Arti.</I>} <I>Qui s'intende
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510 l'arti in quanto $i opera, le ragioni delle quali ad e$$a patrona $i riferi$cono. Et qui $ia fine alla
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511 diffinitione dell'Architettura. nella quale uirtualmente compre$e $ono le belle ucrit&agrave; dell'Ar-
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512 chitettura, &amp; de i precetti $uoi; co$a degna di molta con$ideratione. &amp; perche egli s'intenda
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513 que$to mirabile $ecreto: Dico, che in cia$cuna $cienza la diffinitione del $oggetto, del qual $i trat-
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514 ta, che &egrave; quello &agrave; cui $i riferi$ce tutto quello che nella $cienza &egrave; trattato, contiene uirtualnunte
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515 le $olutioni de i dubij, le inuentioni de i $ecreti, &amp; la uerit&agrave; delle co$e in quella $cienza contenu-
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516 te. Virtualmente contenere intendo poter produrre una co$a, come il $eme contiene in uirtu il
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517 frutto. La diffinitione adunque del $oggetto quando &egrave; fatta con le ragioni dichiarate di $opra,
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518 cio&egrave; quando dimo$tra la natura della co$a diffinita, la raccommunanz&agrave;, che ha con molte altre
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519 co$e, &amp; la differenza &amp; propiet&agrave; che tiene, ha uirtu di far manife$te le o$cure dimande, che $o-
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520 no fatte in quella $cienza. &amp; la ragione &egrave;, perche la diffinitione del $oggetto &egrave; principio della di-
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521 mo$tratione. ilquale come precetto dell'Arte e$$er deue uero, utile, &amp; conforme; (come dice
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522 Galeno) Vero, perche niente $i comprende, che uero non $ia, come $e egli $i dice$$e, il Fele della
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523 chimera e$$er utile &agrave; gli infermi. que$to non $i potrebbe comprendere, perche uero non &egrave;, che la
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524 chimera tra le co$e che $ono $i troui. Vtile, perche &egrave; nece$$ario, che egli tenda &agrave; qualche fine;
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525 &amp; Vtilit&agrave; non &egrave; altro che riferire le co$e al debito fine, &amp; inuero degna non &egrave; del nome di Arte
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526 quella cognitione, la cui operatione non &egrave; utile alla humana uita. La conformit&agrave; &egrave; po$ta nella
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527 uirtu predetta di produrre. perche molte co$e hanno in $e la forza della uerit&agrave;, che non hanno la
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528 forza della conformit&agrave;, &amp; la uirtu con$i$te nell'applicatione, &amp; quelle non hanno ualore d'influi-
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529 re il lume loro nelle co$e. Ilche $i cono$ce, che uolendo noi applicare i principij alle co$e, non $i
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530 raccoglie alcuna ragione, percioche non $ono conformi, n&egrave; concludenti. Quando adunque il
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531 $oggetto, &amp; le propriet &agrave; na$ceno da i principij, &amp; cau$e, allhora ui &egrave; la conformit&agrave;. Vero &egrave;
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532 da tutti giudicato (cono$ciuti i termini, come io diceua) che $e dalle co$e eguali $i leueranno l'e-
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533 guali, &ograve; dalle pari le pari, il rimanente $ar&agrave; pari &ograve; eguale. n&egrave; $olamente &egrave; uero que$to principio,
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534 ma di ualore grandi$$imo. percioche egli $i applica dal Filo$ofo naturale a i mouimenti, al tem-
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535 po, a gli $patij: dal Geometra alle mi$ure, &amp; grandezze; dallo Arithmetico a i Numeri; dal Mu
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536 $ico a i $uoni; dal Medico alle uirtu &amp; qualit&agrave; delle co$e. Stando adunque cio, che s'&egrave; detto, ne
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537 $eguita quello, che dir&agrave; Vitr. dell'Architettura. &amp; prima del $uo na$cimento, &amp; poi delle $ue
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538 conditioni. dice adunque.</I> {<I>E$$a na$ce da fabrica, &amp; da di$cor$o.</I>} <I>Que$ta con$equenzanon
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539 $i pu&ograve; cono$cere, $e prima non $i fa manife$to, che co$a &egrave; Fabrica, &amp; che co$a &egrave; Di$cor$o, per&ograve;
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540 dice Vitr.</I> {<I>Fabrica &egrave; continuo, &amp; e$$ercitato pen$iero dell'u$o, che di qualunque matcria, che
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541 per dar forma all'opera propo$ta $i richiede, con le mani $i compie. Di$cor$o &egrave; quello, che le co$e
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542 fabricate prontamente, &amp; con ragioneuole proportione puo dimo$trando manife$tare.</I>} <I>Diuino
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543 &egrave; ueramente il de$iderio di quelli, che leuando la mente alla con$ideratione delle co$e belle, cerca-
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544 no le cagioni di quelle, &amp; riguardando come dal di $opra s'accendeno alle fatiche per lo contra-
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545 rio molti $ono, che con grandi$$ime lodi inalzando al cielo i dotti, &amp; letterati huomini, &amp; con
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546 merauiglia riguardando le $cienze fanno ogni altra co$a piu pre$to che affaticar$i per acqui$tarle.
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547 Sono anche molti, i quali auenga, che $appiano e$$er bi$ogno per l'acqui$to d'una $cienza partici-
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548 pare di molte altre, poco per&ograve; di quelle $i curano, anzi danno &agrave; bia$imo $e alcuno $i d&agrave; allo $tudio
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549 di quelle. Que$ti come gente trauiata &amp; folle, $i denno la$ciare da parte. Bella co$a &egrave; il potere
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550 giudicare, &amp; approuare le opere de' mortali, come atto di uirtu $uperiore, uer$o l'inferiore:
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551 niente di meno pochi $i danno alla fatica, pochi uogliono adoperar$i, &amp; u$cire delle pelli dell'otio:
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552 &amp; percio non fanno giudicio, &amp; per con$eguente non peruengono al fine dell'Architettura; Ma
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553 $olo $i uanno gloriando di e$$er chiamati Architetti di que$to principe &amp; di quello. &amp; allegano
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554 non le ragioni, ma le opere loro, dicendo co$ifeci io, co$i ordinai nel tal pallazzo, &amp; nella tal</I>
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555 <pb n="9">
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556 <I>chie$a. &amp; non uogliono con$iderare, che non hanno, Geometria, n&egrave; Arithmetica, n&egrave; intende
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557 no la for za delle proportioni, &amp; la natura delle co$e. Egli bi$ogna adunque hauere e$$ercitio, &amp;
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558 fabrica; bi$ogna di$cor$o. Il di$cor$o come padre; la Fabrica &egrave; come madre dell'Architettu-
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559 ra.</I> {<I>La fabrica &egrave; continuato pen$iero dell'u$o.</I>} <I>Ogni artificio$o componimento ha lo e$$er
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560 $uo dalla notitia del fine come dice Galeno. Volendo adunque fabricare, fa di me$tieri hauerc co
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561 no$cimento del fine. Fine intendo io quello, a cui s'indrizza la operatione: Et in que$to lo intel-
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562 letto con$idera, che co$a &egrave; principio, &amp; che co$a &egrave; mezo. &amp; truoua che il principio $i con$idc-
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563 ra in modo di pre$idenza, &amp; nel principiare il fine &egrave; prima dello agente, perche il fine &egrave; quello,
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564 che muoue all'opera: lo agente &egrave; prima che la forma, perche lo agente induce la forma; &amp; la
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565 forma &egrave; prima, che la materia: imperoche la materia non &egrave; mo$$a, $e la forma non &egrave; prima nel-
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566 la mente di colui che opera. Il mezo ueramente &egrave; il $oggetto nel quale il fine manda la $ua $imi-
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567 glianza al principio, &amp; il principio la rimanda al fine: per&ograve; non &egrave; concordanza maggiore di
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568 quella, che &egrave; tra'l principio, e'l fine. oltra di que$to egli $i comprende che chiunque impedi$ce il
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569 mezo, leua il principio dal fine: &amp; che il mezo per cagione del principio s'affatica, &amp; ri$petto
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570 al fine $iripo$a. Volendo adunque fabricare, bi$ogna cono$cere il fine, come quello, ch'al me-
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571 zo impone forza, &amp; nece$$it&agrave;. Ma per la cognitione del fine &egrave; nece$$ario lo $tudio, &amp; il pen$a-
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572 mento: Et $i come il $aettatore non indrizzarebbe la $aetta alla brocca, $e egli non tene$$e fer-
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573 ma la mira, co$i l'Artefice non toccarebbe il fine, $e con la mente altroue egli $i riuolge$$e.
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574 L'u$o adunque &egrave; (come s' &egrave; detto) drizzare le co$e al debito fine: come abu$o &egrave; torcerle da quel-
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575 lo. Ma per hauere que$to indrizzamento delle co$e al fine, fa bi$ogno d'hauere un'altro u$o, ilqua
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576 le uuol dire A$$uefattione, laquale non &egrave; altro, che $pe$$a, &amp; frequentata operatione d'alcuna
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577 uirt&ugrave;, &amp; potenza dell'anima, o del corpo. onde egli $i dice e$$er u$ato alle fatiche, e$$er u$ato, po-
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578 $to in u$o, u$anza, &amp; con$uetudine. Bi$ogna adunque e$$er u$o di continuamente pen$are al fi-
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579 ne. Et per&ograve; dice Vitr.</I> Fabrica e$$er continuo, &amp; e$$ercitato, &amp; come uia trita, &amp; battu-
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580 ta da pa$$aggieri frequentato pen$iero d'indrizzare le co$e a fine conueniente.
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581 <p><I>Et da que$te parole $i dimo$tra la utilit&agrave; che era conditione dell'Arte. Ma perche con tanta
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582 $ollecitudine di pen$iero affaticar$i, a che $enza intermi$$ione pen$are? certo non per altro, che
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583 per manife$tare in qualche materia e$teriore la forma, che prima era nel pen$iero, &amp; nella men-
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584 te; &amp; per&ograve; dice Vitr. dando fine alla diffinitione della Fabrica, quella e$$ere operatione manife-
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585 $ta in qualche materia fuori di noi, $econdo il pen$iero, che era in noi. Vero &egrave;, che Fabrica &egrave;
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586 nome commune a tutte le parti dell'Architettura, &amp; molto piu abbraccia, di qu&egrave;llo che commu
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587 nemente $i $tima, come $i dir&agrave; poi.</I> Di$cor$o &egrave; quello che le co$e fabricate prontamente,
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588 &amp; con ragione di proportione puo dimo$trando manife$tare.
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589 <p><I>Il di$cor$o &egrave; proprio dell'huomo, &amp; la uirtu, che di$corre, &egrave; quella che con$idera quanto $i puo
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590 fare con tutte le ragioni all'opere pertinenti; &amp; per&ograve; erra il di$cor$o, quando lo intelletto non
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591 concorda le propriet&agrave; delle co$e atte a fare, con quelle che $ono atte a riceuere. Di$corre adun-
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592 que l'huomo, cio&egrave; applica il principio al fine per uia del mezo: ilche, come s'&egrave; detto, &egrave; proprio
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593 della humana $pecie. Auenga che gli antichi habbiano &agrave; gli altri animali conce$$o una parte di
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594 ragione, &amp; chiamati gli habbiano mae$tri dell'huomo, dicendo, che l'Arte del te$$ere &egrave; $tata
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595 pre$a dalla Ragna, la di$po$itione della ca$a, dalla Formica, il gouerno ciuile dalle Api; ma noi
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596 trouamo, che quelli $ono in$tinti di natura, &amp; non di$cor$i dell'Arte: &amp; $e Arte $i deue chia-
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597 mare la loro naturale, &amp; non auueduta prudenza, perche non $i potrebbe $imilmente Arte chia-
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598 mare la uirt&ugrave; che nelle piante, &amp; nelle pietre $i truoua? Come l'Arte dello Elleboro purgar il fu-
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599 rore, l'Arte della pietra ne i nidi dell'Aquile, detta Aetite, rila$ciare i parti? Perche anche
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600 non $i potrebbe dire e$$ere un'Arte diuina che regge, &amp; con$erua il mondo? una Cele$te che re-
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601 gola i mouimenti de i cieli? una Mondana, che tramuta gli elementi? Ma la$ciamo la tralatione
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602 de i nomi, fatta per la $imiglianza, &amp; pigliamo la uerit&agrave;, &amp; la propriet&agrave; delle co$e. Di$cor$o
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603 adunque &egrave; come padre, $econdo che detto hauemo di $opra, dell'Architettura: nel quale ui bi$o-</I>
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604 <foot><I>B</I></foot>
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605 <pb n="10">
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606 <I>gna$olertia. Solertia non &egrave; altro, che $ubita, &amp; pront a inuentione del mezo. Et quello &egrave; me-
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607 zo, che hauendo conuenienza con gli e$tremi, lega quelli ad uno effetto, &amp; per&ograve;, nella $olertia
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608 $i puo dire, che $ia la uirtu del $eme. La onde Vitr. u$a quella parola.</I> {<I>Prontamente.</I>} <I>Che
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609 nel latino dice $olertia. Ma non &egrave; a ba$tanza lo e$$er pronto a ritrouare il ucro, per&ograve; che potreb
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610 be e$$er quel uero poco atto &agrave; concludere, per que$to $oggiugne.</I> {<I>Con ragione di proportione.</I>}
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611 <I>Che co$a $ia Proportione, egli $i dir&agrave; nel $eguente capo. Vitr. ha parlato in modo, che quelle
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612 parole che dicono.</I> {<I>Prontamente, &amp; con ragione di proportione</I>,} <I>$i po$$ono riferire a quella
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613 parola</I> {<I>Fabricate.</I>} <I>Et il $entimento $arebbe che il Di$cor$o pote$$e dimo$trare, cio&egrave; rendere
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614 la ragione delle co$e fabricate con $olertia, &amp; proportione, e$$endo l'afficio dello Architetto
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615 approuare le co$e ragioneuoli. Ma $ia quale $i uoglia il $en$o, tutto &egrave; conforme al uero. piu $e-
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616 creta intellig enza $i tragge anchora dalle co$e dichiarate: &amp; prima che lo Artefice ri$petto al-
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617 l'opera tiene doppia con$ideratione: poi tiene doppia affettione a quelle con$iderationi ri$ponden-
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618 te. La prima con$ideratione &egrave; una $emplice notitia uniuer$ale, per la quale $i dice, che l'huomo
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619 $a, quanto $i richiede affine che l'opera rie$ca, &amp; niente piu ui aggiugne. L'altra &egrave; una notitia
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620 particolare, &amp; pro$$ima all'operare che con$idera il tempo, il modo, il luogo, la materia. Da
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621 que$ta particolare cognitione na$ce una affettione, che muoue l'huomo a comandare, &amp; ad ope-
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622 rare, come $econdo la prima con$ideratione l'huomo $i compiaceua, &amp; in uniuer$ale abbraccia-
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623 ua non l'opera, ma la cognitione, &amp; per&ograve; non &egrave; $ufficiente que$ta $ola con$ideratione: $ola del di-
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624 $cor$o, $ola dell'uniuer$ale: ma $i richiede, quella $econda notitia, &amp; quella $econda affettione
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625 laquale &egrave; ripo$ta nella fabrica. Dichiarita la diffinitione dell'Architettura, &amp; dichiarito il na
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626 $cimento di quella, hora uiene Vitr. a formare lo Architetto, co$a molto ragioneuole, &amp; con
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627 ueniente, come $i uedr&agrave; dal $eguente. dice adunque.</I> Dalle dette co$e ne $egue, che quelli Ar-
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628 chitettori i quali $enza lettere tentato hanno di affaticar$i, &amp; e$$ercitar$i con le mani, non han
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629 no potuto fare, che s'habbiano per le fatiche loro acqui$tato riputatione, &amp; quelli, che ne
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630 i di$cor$i, &amp; nella cognitione delle lettere $olamente fidati $i $ono, l'ombra, non la co$a,
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631 pare che habbiano $eguitato. Ma chi l'una, &amp; l'altra di que$te co$e hanno bene appre$o, co-
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632 me huomini di tutte armi coperti, &amp; ornati, con credito, &amp; riputatione, hanno illoro inten
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633 to facilmente con$eguito.
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634 <p><I>Si come alla natural generatione $i richiede l'uno &amp; l'altro $e$$o, &amp; $enza uno di loro niente
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635 $i concepe: co$i allo e$$er Architetto che &egrave; una artificiale generatione unitamente il di$cor$o,
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636 &amp; la Fabrica $i richiede. Et $e alcuno $i per$uade$$e e$$er Architetto con la fabrica $ola, oue-
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637 ro col di$cor$o $olo, egli s'ingannerebbe, &amp; $arebbe $timato co$a imperfetta. Et di gratia $e uno
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638 haue$$e il $apere $olamente, &amp; u$urpare $i uole$$e il nome di Architetto, non $arebbe egli $otto-
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639 po$to alle offe$e de gli e$perti? non potrebbe ogni manoale (dir&ograve; co$i) rimprouerargli, &amp; dirgli
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640 che fai tu? dall'altra parte $e per hauere un lieue e$$ercitio, &amp; alquanto di pratica, di $i gran no
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641 me degno e$$er $i crede$$e, non potrebbe uno intelligente, &amp; letterato chiudergli la bocca, di-
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642 mandandogli conto, &amp; ragione delle co$e $atte? &amp; per&ograve; bi$ogna e$$er ornati, &amp; armati di tut-
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643 te arme per acqui$tare la uittoria, &amp; il uanto d'Architetto. Bi$ogna e$$er coperto per dife$a,
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644 armato per offe$a, ornato per gloria, maneggiando la i$perienza con l'Artificio. perche adun-
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645 que i puri pratichi non hanno acqui$tato credito? perche l'Architettura na$ce da di$cor$o. per-
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646 che $olo i letterati? percioche l'Architettura na$ce da Fabrica. Et per&ograve; dice Vitr.</I> {<I>Dalle det-
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647 te co$e.</I>} <I>Cio&egrave; dal na$cimento dell'Architettura, che uiene da Fabrica, &amp; da di$cor$o, cio&egrave; ope-
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648 ra, &amp; ragione ne $egue quello, che egli dice. Ma in que$to luogo potrebbe alcuno dubitare, &amp;
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649 dire, $eu ramente l'Arte &egrave; nello intelletto, &amp; nella mente, perche cagione ha detto Vitr. che
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650 quelli, i quali nel $apere $i $ono fidati, l'ombra non la co$a, pare, che habbiano $eguitato? Ri-
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651 $pondo, che le co$e dello intelletto alla piu parte ombre paiono, &amp; il uolgo $tima le co$e, in quan-
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652 to, che a i $en$i, &amp; a gli occhi$ottopo$te $ono. &amp; non in quanto non appareno. &amp; que$to auuie-
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653 ne per la con$uetudine, perche le genti non $ono auezze a di$correre. &amp; per&ograve; l'accorto Vitr. non</I>
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654 <pb n="11">
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655 <I>afferma, che i lettetati habbiano $eguitato le ombre: ma dice</I> {<I>Pare</I>} <I>dinotando che il g'udi-
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656 cio de gli imperiti &egrave; fatto $opra le co$e apparenti. Et per&ograve; mi pare, che molti uaneggiano nel de-
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657 cidere qual $ia piu nobile, o la Scultura, o la Pittura; improche uanno alla materia, al tem-
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658 po, &amp; a molti altri accidenti, che non $ono dell'. Arte. perche l'Arte &egrave; nello intelletto, la doue
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659 tanto &egrave; pittore, &amp; $cultore il diuino Michiel Angelo, dormendo, &amp; mangiando, quanto ope-
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660 rando il pennello, o lo $carpello: per&ograve; egli $i doueria con$iderare, quale &egrave; piu degno habito nello in
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661 telletto, la Pittura, o la Scultura. &amp; co$i la$ciati i marmi, gli azurri, i rilieui, &amp; le
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662 pro$pettiue, la facilit&agrave;, &ograve; la difficult&agrave; delle dette Arti; &amp; allhora egli $i potrebbe dire qualche
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663 co$a, che haue$$e del buono ma hora non &egrave; tempo di decidere que$ta qui$tione. Dice adunque
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664 Vitr. che l'Arte non deue e$$er ocio$a, ma con e$$a lei e$$er nece$$arie le mani; &amp; que$to approua
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665 con altre parole dicendo.</I> Perche $e in ogni altra co$a, come $pecialmente nell'Architettu
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666 ra, que$te due parti $i truouano cio&egrave; la co$a $ignificata, &amp; quella, che $igni$ica, la co$a $i-
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667 gnificata, &egrave; l'opera propo$ta, dellaquale $i parla. Quella, che $igni$ica &egrave; la proua, &amp; il
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668 perche di quella, con mac$treuole ragione di dottrina e$pre$$o, &amp; dichiatito.
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669 <p><I>Trale Artine $ono alcune, il fine delle quali non pa$$a oltra la con$ideratione delle co$e a quel
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670 le $oggette, come $ono le Mathematiche. Alcune $ono che oltre la con$ideratione uengono alla
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671 operatione, ma ce$$ando l'operatione niente re$ta di fatto. Come &egrave; l'arte del $uonare, &amp; del $al-
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672 tare, &amp; altre $imiglianti. Sonoui alcune che dietro a $e la$ciano alcuna opera, o lauoro, come &egrave;
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673 l'Arte Fabrile, &amp; l'Arte del fabricare. Appre$$o ue n'ha che a prendere, &amp; acqui$tare $i d&agrave;,
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674 come la caccia delle fiere, l'uccellare, &amp; la pe$cagione, in fine altre non a con$iderare, non a fi-
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675 nire, non a pigliare intente $ono. Ma correggono, &amp; emendano gli errori, &amp; i danni delle co$e
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676 fatte, &amp; quelle racconciano; come for$e &egrave; la medicina, $econdo Galeno. Con tutte le predette
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677 Artianzi $opra tutte &egrave; l'Architettura, come giudice, ch'ella &egrave; di cia$cuna. La onde &egrave; nece$$a-
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678 rio, che in e$$a $i con$ideri alcuna co$a fatta, o da e$$er fatta, &amp; la ragione: Et per&ograve; due co$e $o-
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679 no, l'una &egrave; la $ignificata, &amp; propo$ta opera, l'altra &egrave; la $ignificante cio&egrave; dimo$tratiua ragione.
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680 Tutti gli effetti adunque, tutte le opere, o lauori delle Arti, tutte le conclu$ioni di tutte le $cien
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681 ze $ono le co$e $ignificate; ma le ragioni, le proue, le cau$e di quelle $ono le co$e $ignificanti. Et
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682 que$to &egrave;, perche il $egno $i riferi$ce alla co$a $ignificata: lo effetto alla cau$a: La conclu$ione alla
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683 proua. Ma per dichiaratione dico, che $ignificare &egrave; per $egni dimo$trare, &amp; $egnare &egrave; imprime
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684 re il $egno. La doue in ogni opera da ragione drizzata, &amp; con di$egno finita, &egrave; impre$$o il $e-
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685 gno dello Artefice, cio&egrave; la qualit&agrave;, &amp; la forma, che era nella mente di quello. percioche lo
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686 Artefice opera prima nello intelletto, &amp; concepe nella mente, &amp; $egna poi la materia e$teriore,
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687 dello habito interiore</I> {<I>Specialmente nell'Architettura.</I>} <I>Percioche ella $opra ogni arte $igni-
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688 fica cio&egrave; rappre$enta le co$e alla uirtu, che cono$ce, &amp; concorre principalmente a formare il con
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689 cetto $econdo la $ua intentione: &amp; que$to &egrave; proprio $ignificare. Ma l'e$$er $ignificato &egrave; proprio
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690 e$$er rappre$entato al $opra detto modo. De i $egni alcuni $ono co$i adentro, che ueramente $ono
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691 come cagioni delle co$e. Altrifanno una $oper$iciale, &amp; debile i$timatione di quelle. Lo Ar-
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692 chitetto la$cia que$ti ultimi $egni all'oratore, &amp; al poeta, &amp; in$ieme con la Dialettica, che &egrave;
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693 modo dello artificio$o di$cor$o abbraccia quelli, perche $ono nece$$arij, intimi, &amp; concludenti.</I>
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694 <p>Donde adiuiene, che chi fa profe$sione di Architetto pare, che nell'una, &amp; ne l'altra
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695 parte e$$er debbia e$$ercitato.
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696 <p><I>Ogni agente nel grado, che egli tiene deue e$$er perfetto, accioche l'opera compita, &amp; per-
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697 fetta $ia. Tre $ono gli agenti, Diuino, Naturale, Artificiale: cio&egrave; Iddio, la natura, l'huo-
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698 mo. Noi parleremo dell'huomo. Se adunque l'Architettura &egrave; co$i eccellente, che ella giudica
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699 l'opere delle Arti, bi$ogno fa, che lo Architetto $ia in talmodo formato, che egli po$$a far
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700 l'ufficio del giudicare: Et per&ograve; direi, che le infra$critte co$e gli $ono nece$$arie. Prima, che egli
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701 $ia di natura docile, &amp; per$picace, cio&egrave;, che dimo$tratagli una co$a molto ageuolmente &amp; pre-
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702 $to l'apprenda. Et benche di natura diuina &egrave; colui, che da $e troua, &amp; impara, non &egrave; per&ograve; di</I>
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703 <foot><I>B</I> 2</foot>
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704 <pb n="12">
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705 <I>pocalode, chi pre$to s'ammae$tra: come &egrave; d' infima conditione, chi n&egrave; da $e $te$$o n&egrave; per opera
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706 de'mae$tri apprende. Que$te buone conditioni $ono da Vitr. nelle dette parole compre$e.</I>
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707 <p>Donde adiuiene, che chi fa profe$sione d'Architetto pare che nell'una &amp; l'altra parte e$-
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708 $er dcbbia c$$crcitato cio&egrave; nella co$a $igni$icata, &amp; nella $igni$icante. <I>Poi $egue.</I>
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709 <p>Doue &amp; ingenio$o, &amp; docile bi$ogna che egli $ia, percioche n&egrave; lo ingegno $enza lo am
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710 mae$tramento, n&egrave; lo ammae$tramento $enza lo ingegno puo fare l'huomo eccellente.
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711 <p><I>Lo ingegno $erue &amp; alla inuentione, che fa l'huomo da $e $te$$o, &amp; alla dottrina, che egli
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712 impara da altri. Rare fiate adiuiene, che uno $ia inuentore, &amp; compito fattore d'un'arte, cio&egrave;, che
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713 ritroiti, &amp; riduca a perfettione tutto un corpo d'un'arte. per&ograve; ben dice Vitr. che $enza lo ingegno lo
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714 ammae$tramento, &amp; $enza lo ammae$tramento lo ingegno non fa l'huomo eccellente. La $econda
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715 conditione dello Architetto, &egrave;la educatione, &amp; lo e$$ercitio da primi anni fatto, nelle prime
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716 $cienze. prime chiamo l'Arithmetica, la Geometria, &amp; l'altre di$cipline. Que$te hebbe Vitr.
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717 per opera de i $uoi progenitori, come egli confe$$a nel proemio del $e$to libro. La terza condi-
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718 tione &egrave; l'hauere udito, &amp; letto i piu eccellenti, &amp; rari huomini, &amp; $crittori, come fece
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719 Vitr. il quale atte$ta nel proemio del $econdo libro, quello, che io dico, dicendo.</I>
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720 <p>Io e$poner&ograve; $eguitando gli ingre$si della prima natura, &amp; di quelli, che i principij del
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721 con$ortio humano, &amp; le belle, &amp; fondate inuentioni, con gli $critti, &amp; regole dedicaro-
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722 no, &amp; per&ograve; come io $ono da quelli ammae$trato, dimo$trer&ograve;.
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723 <p><I>Et que$to &egrave; quanto appartiene a gli $crittori, &amp; alla lettione de i buoni; ma quanto al-
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724 la pre$enza, &amp; all'udita dice nel proemio del $e$to libro hauere hauuto ottimi precettori.
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725 La quarta conditione &egrave; la toleranza delle fatiche, &amp; il continuo pen$iero, &amp; ragiona-
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726 mento delle co$e pertinenti all'arte. Difficilmente $i truoua ingegno eleuato, &amp; man$ue-
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727 to. Vitruuio hebbe acuto ingegno, &amp; $offerente: per&ograve; dice.</I> Et dilettandomi delle co-
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728 fe pertinenti al parlare, &amp; alle arti, &amp; delle $critture de'commentarij. Io ho acqui$tato
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729 con l'animo quelle po$$e$sioni, dalle quali ne uiene que$ta $omma di tutti i frutti, che
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730 io non ho piu alcuna nece$sit&agrave;, &amp; che io $timo, quella e$$er la propriet&agrave; delle ricchezze
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731 di di$iderare niente piu.
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732 <p><I>La quinta conditione &egrave; di non de$iderare altro, che la uerit&agrave;, n&egrave; altro hauere dinanzi a gii
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733 occhi, &amp; per meglio con$eguirla, euui la $e$ta conditione, che con$i$te nello hauere una uia ragio
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734 neuole di ritrouare il uero, &amp; quella uia poco ci giouerebbe $enza la $ettima conditione, che &egrave;
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735 po$ta nell'u$o della detta uia, &amp; nell'applicatione di e$$a. Che Vitr. fu$$e $tudio$o del uero; che
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736 egli haue$$e la regola di trouarlo; &amp; che finalmente $ape$$e u$are la detta regola, molto bene ap-
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737 pare nel $uo procedere ordinatamente, nel $ignificar le co$e, nel dar forma, &amp; perfettione a tut-
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738 to il corpo dell'Architettura. Le dette conditioni $i deduceno da i principij detti di $opra, cio&egrave; dalla
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739 diffinitione dell'Architettura, &amp; dal $uo na$cimento, come $i puo con$iderando uedere. Ma noi a
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740 Vitr. il quale narra quante co$e fanno bi$ogno all'Architetto, &amp; quali, &amp; perche cagione, &amp; in
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741 che modo.</I> Appre$$o bi$ogna che egli habbia lettere, perito $ia nel di$egno, erudito nella
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742 Geometria, non ignorante della pro$pettiua, $appia l'Arithmetica, cono$ca molte hi$torie,
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743 udito habbia con diligenza i filo$ofi, di Mu$ica, di Medicina, delle leggi, delle ri$po$te de
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744 Iure con$ulti $ta intelligente, &amp; finalmente rozo non $ia nel cono$cere la ragione del cie-
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745 lo, &amp; deile $telle.
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746 <p><I>Poi che Vitruuio ha detto quante, &amp; quali co$e $ono nece<02>arie per formare un'eccellente Ar-
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747 chitetto dice perche ragione co$i bi$ogno $ia &amp; partitamente di cia$cuna ne rende conto dicendo.</I>
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748 <p>Ma perche co$i bi$ogno $ia, que$ta &egrave; la ragione. E nece$$ario che lo Architetto hab-
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749 bia lettere, accioche leggendo gli $critti libri, commentari nominati, la memoria $i fac-
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750 cia piu ferma.
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751 <p><I>Il giudicare &egrave; co$a da prudente; la prudenza compara le co$e $eguite con le in$tanti, &amp; fa $ti-
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752 ma delle $eguenti. Le co$e $eguite per memoria $i hanno, per&ograve; &egrave; nece<02>ario a quell' ufficio di giudi-</I>
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753 <pb n="13">
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754 <I>care che apartiene allo Architetto hauere memoria ferma delle co$e, &amp; la memoria ferma $i fa
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755 per la lettione, perche le co$e $tanno fermamente ne gli $critti: per&ograve; bi$ogna, che lo Architetto
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756 babbia la prima arte, detta cognitione di lettere, cio&egrave; del parlare, &amp; dello $criuere drittamente.
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757 Egli $i ferma adunque la memoria con la lettione de'commentarij. il nom<*> i$te<02>o lo dimo$tra, per-
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758 cioche Commentario &egrave; detto, come quello, che alla mente commetta le co$e, &amp; &egrave; brcue, &amp; $uc-
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759 cinta narratione di co$e; la doue con la breuita $ouuiene alla memoria. Bi$ogna adunque leggere,
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760 &amp; le co$e lette, per la mente riuolgere; altrimenti male ne auuerrebbe dalla inuentione delle let-
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761 tere (come dice</I> P<I>latone) percioche fidando$i gli huomini ne gli $critti, $i fanno pigri, &amp; negli-
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762 genti. Vitr. hebbe cognitione di lettere Greche, &amp; latine; us&ograve; i uocaboli Greci, &amp; confe$$a
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763 hauere da Greci molte belle co$e ne i $uoi commentarij traportate. In que$to modo io dichiaro ha
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764 uere cognitione di lettere: perche piu $otto pare, che Vitr. co$i uoglia: e$ponendo cognitione di
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765 lettere e$$er la Grammatica. Altri intendono l'arti $critte: ma io uedo, che l'arti $critle $enza
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766 Grammatica, &amp; letteratura non $i hanno. Et for$e dal non intendere le lettere &egrave; nata la difficul-
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767 t&agrave; di intendere Vitr. &amp; la $correttione de i te$ti.</I> Appre$$o habbia di$egno, accioche con di-
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768 pinti e$$empi, ogni maniera d'opera, che egli faccia formi, &amp; dipinga.
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769 <p><I>Tutte le Matematiche hanno $ottopo$te alcune arti, le quali, nate da quelle, $i danno alla pra
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770 tica, &amp; all'operare. Solto l'A$tronomia &egrave; la nauigatione. Sotto la Mu$ica &egrave; quella pratica di
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771 cantare, &amp; di $uonare diuer$i in$trumenti, $otto l'Arithmetica, &egrave; l'abaco, &amp; l'algebra. Sotto
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772 la Geometria &egrave; la perticatione, &amp; l'arte di mi$urarei terreni. Sono anche altre arti nate da piu
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773 di una delle predette, come &egrave; la pratica della pro$pettiua. Vitr. uuole che non $olamente habbia-
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774 mo quelle prime, &amp; communi, che rendeno le ragioni delle co$e; ma anche le pratiche, &amp; gli e$-
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775 $ercitij na$ciuti da quelle. &amp; per&ograve; quanto al di$egno uuole che habbiamo facilit&agrave;, &amp; pratica, &amp;
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776 la mano pronta a tirar dritte linee. &amp; uuole, che habbiamo la ragione di quelle: che altro non &egrave;
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777 che certa, &amp; ferma determinatione concetta nella mente e$pre$$a con linee, &amp; anguli, approua-
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778 ta dal uero. il cui ufficio &egrave; di pre$criuere a gli edificij luogo atto, numero certo, modo degno, &amp; or
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779 dine grato. Que$ta ragione non ua dietro alla materia, ma &egrave; la i$te$$a in ogni materia. perche
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780 la ragione del circolo, &egrave; la mede$ima nel ferro, nel piombo, in cielo, m terra, &amp; nell'Abi$$o. Fa
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781 dunque bi$ogno hauere la peritia de i lineamenti, che Vitr. chiama</I> {<I>Peritiam graphidos</I>} <I>che
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782 &egrave; peritia de i lineamenti, che $erue a pittori, $cultori, intagliatori, &amp; $imiglianti. La quale in
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783 quel modo $erue alle arti predette, che le Mathematiche $erueno alla Filo$ofia. Que$ta peritia
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784 contiene la dimen$ione, &amp; la terminatione delle co$e, cio&egrave; la grandezza, &amp; i contorni. la gran-
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785 dezza s'ha per le $quadre, &amp; per le regole, che in piedi, &amp; once di$tinte $ono. Il contorno $i pi-
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786 glia con uno in$trumento del Raggio, &amp; del finitore compo$to, del quale ne tratta Leon Batti$ta:
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787 &amp; da quello $i piglia de comparationi di tutte le membra alla grandezzadi tutto il corpo; le diffe-
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788 renze, &amp; le conuenienze di tutte le parti tra $e $te$$e, alle quali la pittura aggiugne i colori, &amp;
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789 le ombre. Bi$ogna adunque, che lo Architetto habbia di$egno. Ilche $i uede per le co$e dette
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790 nel quinto libro al $e$to capo, della conformatione del Theatro. Similmente all'ottauo del detto li-
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791 bro, doue $itratta della di$crittione delle $cene. Et al quarto del $e$to, &amp; in molti luoghi, doue
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792 $i puo uedere quanto nece$$aria $ia la pratica del di$egno, la qual pratica &egrave; pre$a dalla Geometria,
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793 come quando bi$ogno &egrave; di pigliare una linea a piombo $opra un'altra, formare gli angoli dritti,
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794 partirgli, &amp; mi$urargli, &amp; fare le figure di piu lati, trouar il centro di tre punti, parti-
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795 re un piano, &amp; $imili altre co$e, che giouano &agrave; far le piante, &amp; i rilieui, &amp; mi$urare i
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796 corpiregolari, &amp; irregolari, le quali tutte co$e alla data apritura della $e$ta con ragione, &amp;
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797 con opera $i po$$ono dimo$trare, &amp; fare. Et per&ograve; dice Vitruuio che</I>, La Geometria gioua
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798 molto allo Architetto, perche ella in$egna l'u$o della linea dritta &amp; circolare, dal che poi
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799 ageuolmente ne i piani $i fanno i di$egni de gli edificij, &amp; le dritture delle $quadre, dei
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800 liuelli, &amp; de i lineamenti.
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801 <p><I>L'Arte del mi$urare &egrave; detta Geometria; &amp; benche il $oggetto delle Mathematiche $ia la</I>
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802 <pb n="14">
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803 <I>quantit&agrave; intelligibite, il che $e non fu$$e, bi$ognarebbe per ogni quantit&agrave; naturale fare una $cien
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804 tia di nuouo; non dimeno la Geometria gioua al di$egno, &amp; alla pratica per la $ua uirtu &amp; for
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805 za. come $i uede nella uoluta del capitello Ionico, nel compartimento delle Metrope, &amp; Tri-
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806 gliphi nell' opera Dorica, &amp; in molte proportionate mi$ure. Oltra di que$to perche egli adiuie-
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807 ne, che &egrave; nece$$ario liuellare i piani, quadrare, &amp; drizzare i terreni, per&ograve; bi$ogna hanere la
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808 Geometria; come $i uede nel liuellar delle acque nell' ottauo, nella diui$ione delle opere nel
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809 primo; nel mi$urar i terreni nel nono; &amp; finalmente in ogni parte: doue egli $i puo dire, che la
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810 Geometria &egrave; madre del di$egno, &amp; &egrave; la ragione di quello, laquale &egrave; po$ta in $apere la cagio-
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811 ne de gli effetti fatti con la regola, &amp; col compa$$o, che $ono le linee dritte, le piegate, gli
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812 archi, i uolti, le corde, &amp; le dritture, per u$are i nomi della prattica. la Geometria adun
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813 que dal punto procede, le linee di$te$e, le torte, le pendenti, le trauer$e, l'equid $tanti, gli
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814 inguli giu$ti, larghi, &amp; $tretti, le punte, i circoli inticri, imperfetti, &amp; compo$ti. le figure
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815 di piu lati, le $operficie, i corpiregolari, &amp; irregolari, le piramidi, le sfere, l'aguglie, li ta-
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816 gli, &amp; altre co$e che alle colonne, a gli architraui, alle cube, tribune, lanterne, &amp; a mol-
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817 te altre parti appartengono. &amp; a quefto modo la Geometria &egrave; nece$$aria allo Architetto. &amp;
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818 que$ta hebbe Vittr. come appare in molti luoghi, &amp; $pecialmente nel vi. &amp; viij. libro.</I> Per la
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819 Pro$pettiua anche nelle fabriche $i pigliano i lumi da certe &amp; determinate parti del Cielo.
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820 <p><I>Pro$pettiua &egrave; nome del tutto, &amp; nome della parte. Pro$pettiua in generale &egrave; quella che di-
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821 mo$tra tre ragioni del uedere, la dritta, la rifle$$a, la rifranta. nella dritta $i comprende la ca-
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822 gione de gli effetti che fanno le co$e ui$ibili medianti i lumi po$ti per dritto. la rifle$$a &egrave; la ra
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823 gione del ri$alimento, &amp; rinuerbero de i raggi, che $i fa come da gli fpecchi piani, caui, ri-
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824 torti, riuer$ci, &amp; altre figure. La rifranta &egrave; la ragione delle co$e che appareno per mezo di
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825 alcuna co$a lucida &amp; trapparente, come $otto l'acqua, per lo uetro: oltra le nubi, &amp; que$ta
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826 pro$pettiua $i chiama pro$pettiua de i lumi naturali, $peculatina, &amp; di grande conditione tra
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827 le parti della Filo$ofia: perche il $uo $oggetto &egrave; la luce giocondi$$ima alle ui$te &amp; a gli animi
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828 de mortali. La doue e$$endo noi nelle $tanze rinchiu$i per dife$a del freddo, &amp; del caldo, ne-
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829 ce$$ario &egrave;, che habbiamo la diletteuoli$$ima pre$enza della luce, &amp; del lume, $ia egli o dritto,
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830 o rifle$$o: &amp; per&ograve; &egrave; nece$$ario, che lo Architetto habbia la pro$pettiua. Ma quando que$to
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831 nome &egrave; nome di parte, egli riguarda alla pratica, &amp; $uol fare co$e merauiglio$e, dimo$tran-
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832 do ne i piani politi i rilieui, le di$tanze, il fuggire, &amp; lo $corcio delle co$e corporali: per&ograve;
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833 nel terzo libro al $econdo capo uuole Vitruuio, che le colonne de i portici, che $tanno $u le can
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834 tonate $ieno piu gro$$e, che quelle, che nel mezo trapo$te $ono: percioche lo aere circon$tante
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835 diminui$ce, &amp; leua della ui$ta, &amp; mangia dir&ograve; co$i della gro$$ezza delle colonne angolari. &amp;
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836 nel fine del detto libro comanda, che tutte le membra $opra i capitelli, come $ono Architraui,
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837 Fregi, Gocciolatoi, Fronti$picij $iano inclinati per la duodecima parte cia$cuno della fronte
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838 $ua: &amp; que$to $olo per la ueduta, come $i dir&agrave;. Vuole altroue che le colonne canellate appa-
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839 rino piu gro$$e, che le $chiette. &amp; in $omma la pittura delle Scene tutta &egrave; po$ta in que$ta parte
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840 di pro$pettiua, dal che ella ne prende il nome, &amp; $i chiama Scenografia, come $i dir&agrave; nel quinto
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841 libro. Per que$te co$e $i comprende, &amp; che la pro$pettiua &egrave; nece$$aria allo Architetto, &amp; che
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842 Vitruuio di quella non &egrave; $tato imperito.</I> Col mezo della Arithmetica $i fa la $omma delle
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843 $pe$e, $i dimo$tra la ragione delle mi$ure, &amp; con modi, &amp; uie ragioneuoli $i trouano le
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844 difficili que$tioni delle proportionate mi$ure.
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845 <p><I>Il uulgo $tima quelle pratiche na$ciute dalle Mathematiche che noi $opra dicemmo, e$$er ue-
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846 re Arti, &amp; eccellenti$$ime uirtuti; ilche non &egrave;: percioche non rendeno le ragioni delle co$e, ben-
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847 che dimo$trino effetti diletteuoli, &amp; belli. Vitru. (come ho detto) abbraccia, &amp; la principa-
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848 le, &amp; la meno principale, come $i uede nella Arithmetica, &amp; nella predetta ragione della
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849 Geometria, &amp; del di$egno. l'Abaco prima &egrave; uennto dalla uera Arithmetica, &amp; que$to &egrave; ne-
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850 ce$$ario per far conto delle $pe$e, imperoche uano $arebbe il di$egno, uana la fatica del princi-</I>
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851 <pb n="15">
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852 <I>piare, $e l'opera per alcuno impedimento non pote$$e andar inanzi, &amp; tra gli impedimenti la $pe
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853 $a &egrave; il maggiore: per&ograve; nel proemio del decimo libro loda Vitr. la legge de gli Efe$ii, della pena de
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854 gli Architetti, che faceuano $pendere a i conduttori molto piu di quello che haueuano affer-
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855 mato, &amp; prome$$o. Ma benche ageuolmente $i faccia il conto, non per&ograve; ageuolmente $i cono-
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856 $ce, $opra che egli $i debbia fare: &amp; per&ograve; Vittr. nel predetto proemio dice che $olamente quel-
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857 li farebbono profe$$ione di Architetto, i quali con $ottigliezza di dottrine fu$$ero prudenti.
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858 Ma piu adentro penetrando, oltra la pratica del numerare, che con$i$te nella rappre$entatione
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859 de i numeri, nel raccogliere, nell'abbattere, nel moltiplicare, nel partire, nello raddoppiare,
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860 nello $mezare, nel cauare le radici $i de gli intieri, come de i rotti, &amp; anche in una certa,
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861 &amp; ordinata $alita di raccogliere, che $i chiama Progre$$ione. utile &egrave; l'Arithmetica a dimo-
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862 ftrare le ragioni delle mi$ure, &amp; a $ciorre le dubitationi, che per Geometria $ono in$olubili, co-
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863 me nel nono libro ci dimo$tra hauere &amp; Platone, &amp; Pithagora, &amp; Archimede ritrouato
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864 molte co$e mirabili. Et in uero uero &egrave; quello, che dice Platone, che gli huomini di natura
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865 Arithmetici $ono atti ad ogni di$ciplina, come quelli, che in $e habbiano prontezza, &amp; al-
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866 tezza di $pirito. Ma perche cagione Vitr. tocca di que$te cognitioni &amp; le $peculatine, &amp; le
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867 pratiche? certo non per altro, che per dimo$trare e$$er uero, quanto egli ha detto di $opra,
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868 cio&egrave; che $i ricerca di$cor$o, et fabrica. et che in ogni arte &egrave; la co$a $ignificata, et la $ignificante.</I>
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869 <p>La cognitione della i$toria fa, che $i $a la ragione di molti ornamenti che $ogliono fa
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870 re gli Architetti nelle opere loro. <I>Vitr. &egrave; chiaro per gli e$$empi, che egli d&agrave;, dicendo.</I>
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871 <p>Come $e alcuno po$to haue$$e in luogo di colonne le $tatue feminili di marmo, quel-
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872 le che Cariati $ono chiamate, ue$tite di habito lungo, &amp; matronale. &amp; $opra quelle po$to
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873 haue$$e i modiglioni, &amp; i goccialatoi, co$i di tal'opra, a chi ne dimanda$$e, ne ren-
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874 derebbe ragione. Caria Citt&agrave; della Morea $i congiun$e con Per$iani contra la Grecia.
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875 i Greci con la uittoria glorio$amente dalla guerra liberati di commune con$iglio $i mo$-
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876 $ero contra i Cariati, &amp; pre$a la loro fortezza, ucci$i gli huomini, &amp; $pianata la terra,
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877 per i$chiaue leuorno le matrone loro, non $opportando, che quelle depone$$ero gli ha-
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878 biti, &amp; gli ornamenti di matrone, accioche non in uno $olo trionfo condotte fu$$ero,
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879 ma con eterno e$$empio di $eruitu da grande $corno oppre$$e, per tutte le Citt&agrave; loro pa-
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880 re$$ero portare la pena, gli Architetti de que tempi ne i publici edificij po$ero le imagini
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881 di quelle matrone per $o$tenimento de i pe$i, accioche alla memoria de i po$teri la cono-
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882 $ciuta pena de gli errori de' Cariati commendata fu$$e.
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883 <p><I>Noi adunque dalle parole di Vitr. prenderemo argomento di ornare gli edificij con la memo
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884 ria di que fatti, che grati $aranno a que Principi ouero a quelle republiche, le quali noi uorre-
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885 mo honorare, &amp; honorandole a noi grate rendere, &amp; fauoreuoli. come $te$$ero $otto i pe$i quel
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886 le matrone Vitr. non dichiara. prende$i argomento da Atheneo dotto, &amp; diletteuole $crittore,
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887 che $te$$ero col capo $ottopo$to, &amp; con la $ini$tra mano leuata al $o$tenimento de i pe$i. Ma
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888 non ci douemo obligare a credere che $olamente le Cariati $te$$ero in quella maniera. ben loda-
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889 remo lo ingegno di Vitr. che dimo$trando la i$toria e$$er nece$$aria allo Architetto, eglihabbia uo
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890 luto narrare con forma, et idea i$torica, que$to fatto de Greci et il $eguente de' prigioni Per$iani.</I>
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891 <p>Similmente i Lacedemonij $otto Pau$ania figliuolo di Ege$ipolide dopo il fatto d'arme
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892 di Platea, hauendo con poca gente $uperato il numero$o e$$ercito de' Per$iani, &amp; con gran
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893 gloria trionfato: de i dinari tratti delle $poglie, &amp; della preda, fabricorono in luogo di
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894 trofeo della uittoria il portico Per$iano dimo$tratore della lode, &amp; della uirtu de i cit-
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895 tadini. &amp; in quel portico po$ero i Simulachri de i prigioni con l'ornamento barbaro del
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896 ue$tire, che $o$teneuano il tetto, hauendo con meritato di$pregio la loro $uperbia ca-
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897 $tigato: af$ine che i nimici cagione haue$$ero di temere impauriti della fortezza loro, &amp;
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898 i cittadini guardando in quello e$$empio di uirtu, dalla gloria $olleuati alla dife$a della li
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899 bert&agrave; pronti fu$$ero, &amp; preparati: la doue ne gli anni $eguenti molti cominciorno a por-
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900 <pb n="16">
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901 re le $tatue Per$iane, che $o$teneuano gli Architraui, &amp; i loro ornamenti: &amp; d'indi tra$$ero
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902 argomento di accre$cere nelle opere marauiglio$a uariet&agrave; di maniere. Di $imiglianti altre
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903 ne $ono, delle quali bi$ogna che lo Architetto ne $ia bene informato.
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904 <p><I>Come $i legge della inuentione del capitello Corinthio nel quarto, &amp; d'altri effetti, che $i ue
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905 dranno leggendo. egli $i ha nel primo libro di Tucidide Pau$ania Spartano figliuolo di Cleom-</I>
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906 <fig>
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907 <I>broto capitano de Greci. Plutarco citando Chi$iferno nelle comparationi de Romani, &amp; de i
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908 Greci, narra, che di$correndo i Greci per la Per$ia, &amp; facendo di molte prede Pau$ania duce de
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909 Lacedemonij riceu&egrave; quaranta talenti d'oro da Xer$e, accioche gli tradi$$e la Grecia. la qual co
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910 $a poi, che $i ri$eppe, hauendo Age$ilao padre per$eguitato il figliuolo fin' al tempio di Pallade
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911 &amp; edicalcha ottur&ograve; con mattoni le porte del tempio, &amp; iui per fame lo fece con$umare: &amp; la</I>
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912 <pb n="17">
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913 <I>madre lo la$ci&ograve; in$epolto. Que$to dice Plutarco diuer$amente da Tucidide. Soleuano i Greci
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914 nel luogo oue haueuano po$to in fuga, &amp; $uperati i nemici tagliare i rami de gli alberi, &amp; orna-
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915 re i tronchi di $poglie ho$tili, per $egno, &amp; raccordanza della uittoria; quel tronco co$i adorno
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916 $i chiamaua trofeo, come in Tucidide $i legge in molti luoghi. I Lacedemonij hauendo uinto i Per-
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917 $iani, in uece di trofeo, fecero co$a piu illu$tre, &amp; memorabile, percioche de i dinari tratti del-
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918 le uendute $poglie, che $i chiamano Manubie, &amp; della preda, che &egrave; tutto il corpo del butino,
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919 fecero il portico detto Per$iano, del quale Pau$ania ne i Laconici ne fa mentione. Ragiona
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920 anche nell'Attica della $tirpe di Pau$ania, &amp; nell'Arcadia dice, che Pau$ania figliuolo di
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921 Cleombroto duce de Plate$i, hebbe impedimento di e$$er chiamato benemerito della Grecia per
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922 le ribalderie, che egli fece dapoi. Dalle i$torie adunque lo Architetto prende occa$ione, di ador
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923 nare le opere $ue, come anche Vitr. in molti luoghi adorna i uolumi $uoi, come nel $e$to capo del
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924 primo, nel nono del $econdo, nel primo del $e$to, &amp; ne i proemi de i $uoi libri, &amp; altroue &egrave; pie-
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925 no di belli$$imi ammae$tr amenti tratti dall'i$torie.</I>
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926 <fig>
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927 <p>La Filo$ofia fa lo Architetto d'animo grande, $enza arroganza, piaceuole, giu$to, &amp;
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928 fedele, non auaro; il che &egrave; co$a grandi$sima: la doue $enza fede, &amp; ca$tit&agrave; niuna co$a
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929 <foot><I>C</I></foot>
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930 <pb n="18">
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931 ueramente $i pu&ograve; fare. La Filo$ofia oltra di que$to non la$cia entrare la cupidita, ne per-
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932 mette che l'animo $ia occupato in riceuer doni, ma fa che con grauit&agrave; $i difenda la pro-
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933 pria dignit&agrave;, &amp; $e ne riporti buon nome.
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934 <p><I>La Filo$ofia dimo$tra allo Architetto il modo di uiuere acco$tumatamente; perche nella Filo$o
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935 fia, che &egrave; amore &amp; $tudio di $apienza, cio&egrave; del bene, &amp; del uero, &amp; la $peculatione delle co$e,
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936 &amp; la Regola delle attioni: l'una &amp; l'altra &egrave; nece$$aria allo Architetto. Quanto alla regola
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937 delle attioni dice Vitr. che la Filo$ofia &egrave; nece$$aria allo Architetto, perche la Filo$ofia ua facen-
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938 do l'Architetto d'animo grande, s&igrave; per abbracciare le grandi impre$e, come per non temere le
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939 graui offe$e. Ma perche pare che la grandezza dello ammo apporti il di$prezzo altrui, &amp; una
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940 certa $euerit&agrave;, &amp; arroganza: per&ograve; $ia lo Architetto di grande animo $enza arroganza, che &egrave;
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941 uitio oppo$to alla uerit&agrave;, che oltra il debito attribui$ce a $e. $ia piaceuole s&igrave; nell'udire, &amp; $atisfa-
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942 re alle dimande de gli imperiti, s&igrave; nel $opportare i loro difetti. Ma perche la facilit&agrave; di natura,
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943 &amp; la piaceuolezza puo piegare alla ingiu$titia: per&ograve; come mae$tro di proportione $ia egli giu-
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944 $to, &amp; eguale ad ognuno, &amp; nella egualit&agrave; $ia fedele nel con$igliare, non $ia auaro nel pigliar
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945 doni, n&egrave; cupido nel de$iderargli. Con que$te conditioni lo Architetto, con$eruer&agrave; il grado,
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946 re$ter&agrave; honorato, &amp; con $ua fatica uiuendo accomodato, dopo $e la$cier&agrave; fama immortale. Et per&ograve;
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947 Vitr. hauendo cono$ciuto in $e $te$$o quanto $ia l'ornamento delle predette uirt&ugrave;, &amp; brutta la
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948 macchia de gli oppo$ti errori, dimo$tra in molti luoghi dell'opera $ua $timare piu la uerit&agrave; che
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949 le ricchezze, piu la gloria che l'utile, &amp; bia$ima gli adulatori, arroganti, &amp; auari Ar-
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950 chitetti, come da i proemi de i libri $uoi $i puo uedere, i quali ueramente $e fu$$ero uno
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951 proemio $olo a tutti i uolumi $i deono leggere inanti, &amp; molto bene con$iderare. La Filo-
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952 $ofia adunque ci gioua alla uirtu de i co$tumi, $imilmente ci gioua quanto alla parte po$ta
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953 nella cognitione del uero, come dice Vitruuio.</I>
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954 <p>Appre$$o la Filo$ofia ci e$plica la $cienza delle co$e naturali, che da Greci &egrave; detta phy-
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955 $iologia, laquale &egrave; nece$$ario che lo Architetto con $tudio maggiore habbia cono$ciuto;
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956 come quella che in $e contenga molte &amp; diuer$e dimande naturali; come anche $i uede nel
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957 condurre le acque. percioche ne i cor$i, nelle uolte, &amp; nelle sboccature, &amp; u$cite nei
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958 piani liuellati, gli $piriti naturali a molti modi $i fanno, a i danni, &amp; difetti delle quali
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959 co$e niuno potr&agrave; rimediare $e non chi dalla Filo$ofia haur&agrave; pre$o i principij dalla natura
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960 delle co$e. Oltra di que$to chi legger&agrave; i uolumi di Cte$ibio, o di Archimede, &amp; de gli
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961 altri, che hanno la$ciato ne gli $critti precetti di que$ta maniera, non ander&agrave; nella loro
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962 opnione, $e prima di co$e tali non $ar&agrave; da Filo$ofi ammae$trato.
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963 <p><I>Vna parte della Filo$ofia natur ale &egrave; chiamata i$toria naturale, &amp; l'altra $cienza natura-
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964 le. l'i$toria &egrave; $implice narratione de gli effetti di natura. Lo e$$empio $i puo da gli $critti di
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965 Plmio commodatamente pigliare, percioche egli narra $emplicemente tutto quello che $i tro-
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966 ua delle co$e fatte dalla natura, cominciando dal mondo, &amp; dalle $ue parti principali, come
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967 $ono i cieli, &amp; gli elementi. uiene poi al particolare delle parti della terra, delle pietre, de
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968 i metalli, delle piante, de gli Animali, &amp; del huomo, che &egrave; fine di tutte le co$e. La $cien
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969 za naturale &egrave; cognitione delle cau$e; &amp; de i principij di tutte le predette co$e, della quale
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970 con ordine, &amp; con dottrina mirabile il buon, Ari$totile ne tratta. tanto l'i$toria, quanto la $cienza
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971 naturale, &egrave; utile allo Architetto. Vitr. hebbe l'una, &amp; l'altra quanto faceua al bi$ogno, come
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972 $i uede nel quarto capo del primo libro, doue $i tratta de i principij delle co$e; &amp; nell'ottauo
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973 libro, &amp; nel $econdo prima, &amp; finalmente per tutta l'opera, doue egli parla de gli alberi,
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974 delle pietre, delle minere, de gli animali, della uoce, dell'udito, &amp; del uedere, &amp; di mol
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975 te opere di natura, le cagioni delle quali $ono a molti propo$iti ricercate, &amp; $pecialmente nella
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976 materia delle acque, come $i ueder&agrave; nell'ottauo libro.</I> Della Mu$ica e$$er deue intelligente lo
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977 Architetto, accioche egli cono$ca la regolata ragione, &amp; la Mathematica, &amp; accioche
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978 dirittamente caricare &amp; temprare $appia gli in$trumenti da pietre o $aette dette bali$te,
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979 catapulte, &amp; $corpioni.
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980 <pb n="19">
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981 <p><I>Dimo$tra Vitr. che &amp; quanto alla pratica, &amp; quanto alla ragione la Mu$ica &egrave; utile allo
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982 Architetto, per quelle parole</I> {<I>Regolata</I>} <I>che nel latino $i dice</I> {<I>Canonica</I>,} <I>&amp; Mathema-
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983 tica. La Canonica appartiene alle orecchie, come la pro$pettiua a gli occhi. &amp; &egrave; pre$a da Mu
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984 $ici pratichi, come fondamento della loro arte u$itata. &amp; &egrave; quclla, che mi$ura le altezze, &amp;
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985 le lunghezze delle uoci. L'altezza delle uoci da' Greci &egrave; detta Melos, cio&egrave; canto, &amp; la mi
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986 $ura del durare, &amp; del tenere la uoce, &egrave; chiamata rithmus, cio&egrave; numero, che &egrave; mi$ura del
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987 tempo. Tiene la canonica un'altra parte, che &egrave; detta Metrica, che &egrave; Arte del mi$urato com-
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988 ponimento, &amp; legato alla quantit&agrave; delle $illahe; onde a differenza del parlar $ciolto &egrave; detta Ar
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989 te di far ucr$i. Canonica uuol dire regolata, o regolatrice, come afferma Boetio; percioche egli
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990 non $i deue dare tutto il giudicio a i $en$i humani, fallaci, &amp; alterabili per ogni minima offe-
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991 $a, benche $iano principij, cio&egrave; occa$ioni delle Arti, &amp; ci facciano auuertiti di molte co$e: pe-
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992 r&ograve; la perfettione, &amp; la forza del cono$cere &egrave; po$ta nella ragione, la quale con certe regole re-
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993 gi$tra dir&ograve; co$i, gli in$trumenti Mu$icali. La Mathematica ueramente la$cia affatto il $en$o, &amp;
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994 s'inalza alla $peculatione de i numeri $onori, &amp; de i modi, &amp; delle idee &amp; maniere delle can-
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995 zoni, &amp; de i me$colamenti po$$ibili de i tempi delle $illabe, &amp; for$e piu alto $alendo la hu-
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996 mana, &amp; mondana conuenienza de i cieli, &amp; l'harmonia delle anime, &amp; de i corpi ua con$i
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997 derando. Nel quinto libro ne ragionaremo alquanto, dichiarando quanto $i dir&agrave; de i ua$i detti
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998 Echei, &amp; delle machine, che egli chiama hydrauliche dicendo poco di $otto.</I> Que ua$i di rame
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999 che ne i Theatri $otto i gradi nelle celle con mathematica ragione $i fanno, &amp; il re$to. <I>Ma
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1000 proua prima quanto egli intende delle tempre &amp; carcature de gli in$trumenti predetti &amp; dice.</I>
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1001 <p>Imperoche ne i capitelli dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra $ono i buchi de gli homotoni, per
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1002 liquali con na$pi, o molinelli, $ono tratte le torte fune di neruo, i quali non $i $errano, o
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1003 legano $e prima non mandano fuori certi, &amp; eguali $uoni alle orecchie de gli artefici.
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1004 percioche le braccia, lequali nel tirare, &amp; in quelle carcature $i $errano, quando poi $i ri-
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1005 la$ciano &amp; $i $tendeno, egualmente deono, &amp; parimente mandar fuori la perco$$a. La do-
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1006 ue $e non $aranno di pari tuoni impediranno il tirare drittamente.
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1007 <p><I>Certo &egrave; nella Mu$ica, che la egualit&agrave; del $uono mo$tra egualit&agrave; di $patio, &amp; quella propor-
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1008 tione che &egrave; tra $patio, &amp; $patio, $i truoua anche tra $uono &amp; $uono, &amp; per&ograve; e$$endo il $uono
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1009 eguale dall'uno &amp; l'altro braccio, $eguita, che'l neruo, il quale tirato rende il $uono, dentro
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1010 le braccia $ia eguale. dal che na$ce la bont&agrave; dello in$trumento, la giu$tezza della carcatura, &amp;
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1011 il drittto &amp; certo tiro di quello, come prouano gli arcieri, &amp; i bale$trieri tutto il giorno, &amp; a
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1012 noi $ar&agrave; manife$to nel decimo libro, a i diciotto capi.</I> Que ua$i anche di rame che ne i Thea-
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1013 tri $otto i gradi nelle celle con ragione mathematica, &amp; le differenze de i tuoni, che da
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1014 Greci, Echea, dette $ono, $i compongono a i dolci, &amp; $oaui ri$uegliamenti Mu$icali, a
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1015 cella per cella in que giri con quelle con$onanze, che da mu$ici Diate$$eron, Diapente, &amp;
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1016 Diapa$on nominate $ono: accioche la uoce de i $uoni $cenici nelle di$po$itioni conuenien
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1017 ti, quando toccher&agrave; l'udito, piuchiara, &amp; piu $oaue peruenga all'orecchie de i $pettatori.
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1018 <p><I>O$curo &egrave; Vitr. per la breuit&agrave; $ua, perche in poche parole uuole e$primere la forza delle co-
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1019 $e. ma noi nel quinto libro faremo, quanto per noi $i potr&agrave;, chiara ogni parola di Vitruuio.</I>
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1020 <p>Le machine hydrauliche, &amp; altre che $imili a que$ti organi $i fanno, $enza ragione di
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1021 mu$ica non $i potranno fare giamai. <I>Hydraulica &egrave; una machina, che con acqua moue
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1022 gli $piriti a far $onare un'organo. della quale ingenio$amente ne tratta Vitr. nel decimo libro.</I>
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1023 <p>Deue anche lo Architetto hauere notitia della di$ciplina del Medico, per cono$cere
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1024 le inclinationi del Cielo, climata, da Greci nominate. &amp; gli aeri de i luoghi $alubri, o
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1025 mal $ani, &amp; per l'u$o delle acque: peroche $enza tali ragioni non $i puo fare habitatione
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1026 che $ia $alubre.
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1027 <p><I>Le inclinationi, &amp; climi del Cielo $ono fpacij pofti tra due circoli egualmente di$tanti detti
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1028 paralleli, come $i dir&agrave; poi parlando de gli horologij nel nono libro. Vitruuio ueramente hebbe</I>
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1029 <foot><I>C</I> 2</foot>
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1030 <pb n="20">
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1031 <I>qualche notitia della Medicina, come $i uede nel primo libro, doue egli dimo$tra quali infer-
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1032 mit&agrave; da quali uenti $iano generate: &amp; in altri luoghi dello i$te$$o libro, &amp; de gli altri dichia-
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1033 ra le qualit&agrave; de i pae$i quanto all'acqne, alle herbe, a gli animali cele$ti, terre$tri, &amp; acquati-
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1034 ci, co$e tutte alla cognitione del Medico $ottopo$te.</I> Dapoi bi$ogna, che cgli habbia
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1035 notitia della ragion ciuile, inquanto &egrave; nece$$ario a i communi pareti ne gli edificij, al-
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1036 lo $patio delle grondi, &amp; de i tetti, &amp; delle chiauiche, &amp; de i lumi, &amp; $imilmente
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1037 delle condotte delle acque, &amp; d'altre co$e $imiglianti bi$ogna che lo Architetto habbia
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1038 cono$cimento: accioche prima, che $i mettino a fabricare $ieno cauti, &amp; accioche non
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1039 $i la$cino finite l'opere litigi &amp; controuer$ic a i padri di famiglia, &amp; che nel fare gli $crit-
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1040 ti, &amp; gli accordi, con prudentia prouedino, &amp; a chi d&agrave;, &amp; a chi conduce l'opere. per-
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1041 che $e il patto $er&agrave; ben fatto, &amp; con auertimento, auerr&agrave;, che quello da que$to, &amp; que-
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1042 $to da quello $enza fraude, &amp; inganno $i potr&agrave; liberare.
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1043 <p><I>Qui Vitr. dichiara quello, che egli ha detto di $opra appartenere alla fedelt&agrave; &amp; giu$titia dello
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1044 Architetto. Dico adunque, che quella parte di Filo$ofia, che ci d&agrave; la regola del ben uiuere,
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1045 tratta di diuer$e maniere di beni, tra quali &egrave; la uirtu de co$tumi po$ta nella parte ragioneuole,
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1046 ouero in quella, che ubidi$ce alla ragione. In que$ta parte di Filo$ofia $i tratta de gli affetti bu
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1047 mani, delle potenze dell'anima, nelle quali $ono gli affetti, de gli habiti di quelle potenze, $ia-
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1048 no quegli o ecce$$i, o mancamenti, o mediocrit&agrave;. tratta$$i anche dello arbitrio, della elet-
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1049 tione, del con$iglio, dello appetito, in cui &egrave; la cupidigia, l'ira, &amp; la uoglia. tratta$i delle
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1050 co$e, che uogliono $imigliar$i alla uirt&ugrave;, ouero che di quella $ono principij. Per le quali tutte co
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1051 $e l'huomo &egrave; ba$teuole a $e $te$$o. dapoi riguarda il pro$$imo $uo congiunto di $augue, o parte di $ua
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1052 famiglia, o come parte di uniuer$al gouerno. &amp; nella famiglia ritruoua l'ufficio del patrone, &amp;
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1053 del $eruo, della moglie, &amp; del marito, del padre, &amp; del figliuolo, acqui$ta, di$pen$a, u$a, gouer-
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1054 na, &amp; adorna il tutto. Ma nella ciuile, &amp; publica ammini$tratione contenuta da un $olo, o
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1055 da grandi, o da molti con legittimo reggimento, uede i $aui e$$er in uece di ragione, i $oldati
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1056 in luogo della iracondia, &amp; gli artefici per la concupi$centia, che $i troua in noi. De i $aui $i
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1057 fanno i capi, imagi$trati, i facerdoti, i $enatori, i giudici, ne i quali ha fondamento la ragion ci-
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1058 uile, che &egrave; quella, che &egrave; fatta da cia$cuna citt&agrave; $econdo il fine del proprio gouerno. La $omma
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1059 di que$ta ragione &egrave; raccolta ne i libri delle pandette; che co$i chiamate $ono, perche raccoglieno
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1060 tutte le parti della ragion ciuile. La doue $otto il primo titolo $i ragunano i Principi, $otto il $e-
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1061 condo i Giudici, $otto il terzo le co$e, $otto il quarto le hypothecationi, $otto'l quintoi te$tamenti
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1062 con le co$e a quelli pertinenti. $otto'l $e$to uarij titoli delle po$$e$$ioni, de i beni cogniti, i danni,
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1063 le fabriche rouinate, le in$idie di quelle, la legge delle gronde, &amp; dell'acqua piouana parte
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1064 allo Architetto nece$$aria. &amp; finalmente $otto altri capi, che lungo $arebbe a nominarli. Nel-
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1065 l'ultimo titolo $ono le $tipulationi, i contratti, i maleuadori, le opere publiche, i mercati, i cen$i
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1066 &amp; altre co$e, ne i gran uolumi de legi$ti compre$e. delle quali $econdo il bi$ogno ne deue lo
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1067 Architetto e$$er informato, come di co$e al uiuer pacifico, &amp; $enza litigij pertinenti. Ma pin
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1068 alto $alire bi$ogna per bene$icio de gli huomini, &amp; per&ograve; dice Vitruuio.</I>
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1069 <p>Dall'A $trologia ueramente $i cono$ce il Leuante, il Ponente, il Meriggie, &amp; il Setten-
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1070 trione, &amp; la ragione del cielo lo Equinottio, il Sol$titio, i cor$i delle Stelle, la notitia del-
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1071 le quali co$e, chi non po$siedc, non puo $apere la ragione de gli Horologi.
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1072 <p><I>Vna delle parti principali dell'Architettura &egrave; (come $i ucde al terzo capo del primo libro')
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1073 cerca l'ombre cau$ate dal $ole, &amp; da gli $tili nece<02>arie a fare gli horologij da $ole, &amp; quefta par-
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1074 te &egrave; detta Gnomonica, benche puo importare maggiore intelligenza, &amp; piu ampia, che la de$crit
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1075 tione de gli horologi come da Euclide $i puo hauere, della cognitione de quali &egrave; ripieno con mer aui-
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1076 glio$a dottrina il nono libro di Vitruuio, nel quale anche $i uede l'altra parte dell'aftrologia, che
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1077 con$idera le eleuationi, &amp; le di$tanze de i pianeti, &amp; delle $telle, alle quali a$petta la inuentio-
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1078 ne dello A$trolabio. Quanto ueramente appartiene &agrave; quella parte, che da gli a$cendenti nel na-</I>
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1079 <pb n="21">
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1080 <I>$cer no$tro comprende i $ucce$$i delle future co$e; niuno u$o $i troua nell'Architettura, $e for$e noi
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1081 non uogliamo cercare alcune qualit&agrave; $ecrete de luoghi, le cognitioni delle quali non $i po$$ono
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1082 riferire ad altro che &agrave; gli ordini, &amp; influ$$i de i pianeti, dal che molti $i mettono a fare le natiuit&agrave;,
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1083 &amp; le riuolutioni delli principij della edificatione delle citt&agrave;. ma non &egrave; lecito per l'amore, che $i por
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1084 ta all' Architettura e$$er curio$i di tante cognitioni, che non meno dubie, che inutili, $alua la pace
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1085 di chi altrimenti crede, e<02>er ueggiamo. per&ograve; quiui $ia fine alla indottione fatta da Vitr. per di-
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1086 mo$trare che tanta diuer$it&agrave; di cognitioni $ia nece$saria allo Architetto. &amp; per&ograve; conchiude in que
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1087 $to modo, dicendo.</I>
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1088 <p>E$$endo adunque co$i degna di$ciplina ornata, &amp; copio$a di tante, &amp; co$i uarie dottri-
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1089 ne, io non pen$o, che alcuno di $ubito po$$a ragioneuolmente far profe$sione, &amp; chia-
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1090 mar$i Architetto, $e con que$ti gradi di $cienze a poco a poco $alendo $in da i teneri anni no
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1091 drito della cognitione di uarie $orti di lettere non peruenir&agrave; al colmo dell'Architettura.
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1092 <p><I>Quanto uero $ia, che lodar non $i deue co$a alcuna prima, che egli non $i ha dimo$trato quello
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1093 che &egrave;, chiaramente $i uede per le co$e dichiarate fin hora: percioche niuno haurebbe potuto de-
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1094 gnamente lodare l'Architettura $enza la cognitione della forza, &amp; natura $ua, &amp; delle proprie-
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1095 t&agrave; che le conuengono; &amp; $e $cioccamente egli po$to s'haue<02>e &agrave; lodarla; prima non l'haurebbe $a-
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1096 puto fare, poi non gli $arebbe $tato creduto; &amp; finalmente con$tretto a renderne ragione, fuggito
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1097 $arebbe, ouero a $e $te<02>o haueria contradetto; &amp; in que$to ca$o di pari con gli ignoranti re$tato
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1098 $arebbe. Ma prouamo noi $e con ragione potemo lodare l'Architettura: Si ueramente, &amp; prima
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1099 quanto alla cognitione, poi quanto alle operationi; perche nel cono$cimento, &amp; nel giudicio ella
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1100 puo e<02>ere con la $apienza, &amp; con la prudenza paragonata, &amp; per le operationi tra le arti come
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1101 Heroica uirtu &amp; regina chiaramente riluce. Mirabil co$a &egrave; il potere a commun beneficio rau-
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1102 nare gli huomini rozi, &amp; quelli ridurre al culto, &amp; alla di$ciplina $icuri, &amp; tranquilli nelle cit-
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1103 t&agrave;, &amp; nelle fortezze; &amp; poi con maggior uiolenza fatta alla natura, tagliar le rupi, for are i monti,
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1104 empir le ualli, a$ciugar le paludi, fabricar le naui, drizzare i fiumi, munire i porti, gettar i ponti, &amp;
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1105 $uperar la natura in quelle co$e, nelle quali noi $iamo dalla natura $uperati: leuando pe$i im-
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1106 men$i, &amp; $atisfacendo in parte al di$iderio della eternit&agrave;, dilettando chi non fabrica, &amp; molto
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1107 piu chi fabrica; ornando i Regni, le prouincie, e'l mondo. Ma perche alcuno piu oltre non $a-
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1108 pendo puo l'infinito, &amp; lo impo$$ibile propor$i dinanzi, argomentando che non cape in animo
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1109 humano tanta cognitione, &amp; uariet&agrave; di $cienze: per&ograve; Vitruuio ci dimo$tra in che modo, &amp;
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1110 in $ino &agrave; qual termine, hauer bi$ogna le predette $cienze, &amp; dice.</I>
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1111 <p>Ma for$e a gli imperiti puo impo$sibil co$a parere, che la natura apprenda, &amp; tenga a
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1112 memoria tanto numero di dottrine.
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1113 <p><I>Que$ta &egrave; la dubitatione fondata nel potere della natura humana, come impotente a riceuere,
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1114 &amp; ritenere tanta uariet&agrave; di dottrine. Scioglie Vitr. la predetta dubitatione in que$to modo.</I>
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1115 <p>Ma quando auuertiranno, che tutte le di$cipline tra $e tengono una certa raccommu<*>
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1116 nanza, &amp; congiuntione, crederanno quello, che io dico, facilmente poter auuenire, per-
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1117 che quello, che s'impara a gui$a di corpo di tai membri compo$to in $e $te$$o $i raggira, &amp; pe
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1118 r&ograve; chi da primi anni $i e$$ercita in uarie $orti di ammae$tramenti ricono$ce in tutte manie-
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1119 re di lettere i $egni mede$imi, &amp; uede la raccommunanza delle di$cipline, &amp; per quella fa-
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1120 cilmente hanno cognitione di tutte le co$e.
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1121 <p><I>Il dubbio $i puo formare in que$to modo. Quello effetto &egrave; impo$$ibile, la cau$a del quale non
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1122 puo e$$ere, per&ograve; l'huomo non puo apprendere tante arti, &amp; di$cipline, peroche la cagione di ap-
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1123 prenderle, e$$er non puo. la uirt&ugrave; dell'anima in$ufficiente &amp; incapace &egrave; la cagione, la quale impe-
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1124 dita non puo e$$er cagione dello apprendere tante arti. Ri$ponde Vitruuio, &amp; dice argomentan-
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1125 do; che po$$ibile &egrave; quello effetto, il modo del quale &egrave; po$$ibile, per&ograve; puo e$$ere che l'huomo $ia ador
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1126 nato di molte, &amp; diuer$e di$cipline: percioche il modo &egrave; po$$ibile. Il modo ueramente &egrave;, che ha-
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1127 uendo le $cienze una certa raccommunanza tra $e, &amp; qua$i in giro l'una nell'altra mouendo$i, per</I>
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1128 <pb n="22">
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1129 <I>alcune $imiglianze di co$e, non &egrave; impo$$ibile, a chi per tempo comincia, &amp; s' affatica ricono$cere
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1130 la detta communanza, &amp; fare di piu co$e $imiglianti lo i$te$$o giudicio. &amp; per&ograve; puo e$$er'un ter-
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1131 mine, &amp; una $obriet&agrave; (dir&ograve; co$i) di $apere, che hauendo noi tanto po$$iamo commodamente $er
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1132 uirci. Vedremo di $otto per e$empio quello, che hora s'&egrave; detto. Fin tanto Vitr. riprende Pythio
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1133 Architetto, ilquale haueua opinione, che lo Architetto pote$$e meglio in opinione partitamente, che
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1134 i proprij profe$$ori cia$cuno nella $ua. dice adunque.</I>
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1135 <p>Et per&ograve; Pythio uno de gli antichi Architetti, quello che in Priene fece co$i nobilmente
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1136 il tempio di Minerua, dice ne i $uoi commentari, che lo Architetto piu deue operare in
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1137 tutte l'Arti, &amp; dottrine, che quelli, i quali cia$cuna co$a con la loro indu$tria, &amp; e$$erci-
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1138 tio hanno a $omma chiarezza condotto. Ma que$to con effetto non $i uede chiaro, percio
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1139 che non deue n&egrave; puo l'Architetto e$$er Grammatico come Ari$tarcho, ma bcne non $enza
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1140 letteratura. N&egrave; come Ari$toxeno Mu$ico, ma non lontano dalla Mu$ica. n&egrave; pittore co=
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1141 me Apelle, pure habbia di$egno. n&egrave; qual Mirone $tatuario, o Policleto lauoratore di $tuc
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1142 chi, ma non ignorante di tale Arte. n&egrave; di nuouo Medico come Hippocrate, ma non $enza
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1143 ragione di Medicina. n&egrave; nelle altre dottrine $ingularmente eccellente, ma in que$te non
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1144 $ia nuouo, &amp; imperito. percioche non puo alcuno in tanta uariet&agrave; di co$e con$eguire $in-
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1145 gular $cieltezza, perche apena cade nel potere no$tro il cono$cere, &amp; perfettamente capi-
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1146 re le lor ragioni. N&egrave; per&ograve; non tanto gli Architetti non po$$ono hauere in tutte le co$e gli
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1147 ultimi effetti, ma anche quelli, che ad una $ola $cientia $i danno, &amp; priuatamente tengono
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1148 le propriet&agrave; delle Arti, non po$$ono fare, che tutti riportino il $ommo principato della
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1149 lode. Se adunque non tutti in cia$cuna dottrina, ma pochi in molti anni apena ottenuto
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1150 hanno la nobilt&agrave;, come l'Architetto, che e$$er deue in tante arti perito, non far&agrave; co$a
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1151 grande, &amp; merauiglio$a accioche egli non habbia bi$ogno di alcuna delle predette co$e?
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1152 &amp; di piu $e egli ander&agrave; inanzi &agrave; tutti gli Artefici, i quali con $omma indu$tria hanno pre$ta
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1153 to grande $ollicitudine in cia$cuna dottrina.
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1154 <p><I>Le parole $econdo la interpretatione $ono chiare. proua con argomenti, non e$$er uero il detto
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1155 di Pythio. Molto piu ragioneuole pare, ch'un'huomo con$egui$ca la perfettione d'una $ola $cien-
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1156 za, che di molte; &amp; pure di raro $i truoua, che que$to auegna, cio&egrave;, che uno $ia in un'arte $ola
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1157 perfetto: per&ograve; $e non &egrave; quello che pare piu ragioneuole, che $ia meno $ar&agrave; quello, che manco ci pa-
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1158 re, cio&egrave;, che un'huomo $olo ottenga il $ommo grado in molte, &amp; diuer$e cognitioni. La onde $i
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1159 conchiude da Vitruuio.</I> {<I>Per il che pare, che in que$to Pythio errato habbia</I>} <I>cio&egrave; $e Pythio
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1160 &egrave; $tato eccellente Architetto, $e ha detto molte belle co$e, in que$to per&ograve; pare, che errato hab-
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1161 bia, in que$to non gli do fede, e$$endoci il $en$o, &amp; la ragione contraria. Et per piu $tabilire i
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1162 detti $uoinon $i $corda Vitr. delle co$e $opra po$te da lui, quando, ci di<02>e, che nell'Architettura,
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1163 come in ogni altra peritia erano due co$e da e<02>er con$iderate, cio&egrave; la co$a $ignificante, &amp; la $i-
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1164 gnificata, per&ograve; dice il mede$imo con altre parole.</I>
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1165 <p>Pare adunque, che in que$to Pythio habbia errato, non hauendo auuertito, che ogni
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1166 arte partitamente &egrave; di due co$e compo$ta, cio&egrave; dell'opera, &amp; della ragione di quella. &amp;
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1167 di que$te due una &egrave; propria di coloro, che in cia$cuna co$a particolare $i $ono e$$ercitati:
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1168 &amp; que$to &egrave; lo effetto dell'opera. l'altra &egrave; commune con tutti i dotti, cio&egrave; la ragione.
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1169 <p><I>Non &egrave; alcuno, che ricordando$i delle co$e dette di $opra non intenda quello, che dice Vitru. in
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1170 que$to luogo, &amp; $e egli non haue$$e anchora appre$o bene che co$a &egrave; Fabrica, &amp; di$cor$o, la
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1171 co$a $ignificante, &amp; la $ignificata, l'opera, &amp; la ragione dell'opera: legga et con$ideri lo infra$crit-
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1172 to e$$empio dell'autore, che intender&agrave; il tutto, &amp; cono$cer&agrave; il giro, &amp; la raccommunanza delle
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1173 $cienze. dice adunque.</I> Come adiuiene a i Medici, &amp; a i Mu$ici, &amp; $opra il numero$o bat-
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1174 tere de pol$i, &amp; del mouimento de i piedi. Ma $e egli accader&agrave; medicare una ferita, &ograve; bi-
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1175 $ogner&agrave; trarre di pericolo un'ammalato, non uerr&agrave; il Mu$ico, ma $ar&agrave; opera del Medico
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1176 propria, cos&igrave; nell'organo non il Medico, ma il Mu$ico canter&agrave;, accioche dal $uono le orec-
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1177 <pb n="23">
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1178 chie prendino la dolcezza, &amp; dilettation $ua.
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1179 <p><I>Molti e$$empi ci adduce Vitr. per li quali $i comprendc, come $i $tia la communanza delle $cien-
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1180 ze; &amp; prima dimo$tra quella tra due $cienze, &amp; poi tra molte. La Mu$ica, &amp; La Medicina $o-
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1181 no $cienze, o Arti che uogliamo. l'officio del Medico in quanto Medico, &egrave; di indurre, &amp; di con-
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1182 $eruare la $anit&agrave;; l'opera del Mu$ico in quanto Mu$ico &egrave; dilettare col $uono, &amp; col canto le orec-
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1183 chie de gli a$coltanti. in que$ti ufficij, &amp; effetti $ono differenti, ma nelle ragioni po$$ono e$$er
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1184 conformi. la conformit&agrave; na$ce da una regola commune, che all'uno, &amp; all'altro puo facilmente
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1185 $eruire, perche con$iderando il Medico la eleuatione, &amp; la depre$$ione de i pol$i, la uelocit&agrave;, &amp;
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1186 tardezza, la egualit&agrave; ouero la di$aguaglianza, conuiene col Mu$ico, ilquale nelle uoci con$i-
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1187 dera le i$te$$e co$e riguardando a i piedi delle parole che $ono ne i uer$i, o al mouimento de i piedi,
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1188 che $i fa al $uono di qualche in$trumento. percioche lo e$$er tardo o ueloce, che ri$ponde al tem-
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1189 po, alto o ba$$o, che ri$ponde al tenore, &amp; a i gradi della noce eguale o di$eguale, che ri$ponde
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1190 all'uno, &amp; all'altro $ono termini communi, che a molte co$e di natura diuer$e, $i po$$ono appli-
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1191 care: per&ograve; non &egrave; incommodo alcuno che nella ragione conuenghino molti artefici, i quali $iano
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1192 nelle opere differenti; &amp; que$to na$ce dal ualore de i principij, i quali e$$endo uniuer$ali, &amp; in-
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1193 differenti abbracciano piu co$e, &amp; non dipendeno da $oggetto alcuno. Eguale adunque $i puo di-
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1194 re, de i tempi, de gli $patij, de i mouimenti, de i corpi, de i numeri, delle uirt&ugrave;, &amp; di molte altre
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1195 co$e che a diuer$i Artefici con ragione diuer$amente conferme a$pettano. dico diuer$amente con-
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1196 forme; percioche il principio &egrave; uno; come $e io dice<02>i. Lo eguale giunto allo eguale fa il tutto
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1197 eguale, ma l'applicatione $i fa in materie, &amp; $oggetti diuer$i: perche il Medico applicher&agrave; il det-
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1198 to principio alle qualit&agrave;, &amp; uirt&ugrave; dell'herbe, il Mu$ico a i tempi delle $illabe, il filo$ofo naturale
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1199 a i moti, il Geometra alle grandezze, &amp; altri ad altre co$e; come anche il Medico pigliando dal
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1200 Geometra, che gli angoli facilmente $i uni$ceno, &amp; la circonferenza non co$i. dice per que$to le
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1201 ferite circolari e$$er difficili da $aldare, &amp; unire, &amp; i tagli migliori; &amp; in que$to il Medico s'ac-
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1202 compagner&agrave; col Geometra, n&egrave; per&ograve; il Geometra o$era metter le mani addo$$o d'un ferito, n&egrave; il
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1203 Medico come Medico ardir&agrave; oppor$i al Geometra.</I> Simigliantemente tra Mu$ici, &amp; A$tro-
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1204 logi &egrave; commune il di$putare del con$en$o delle $telle, de i concenti &amp; con$onanze Dia-
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1205 te$$aron, &amp; Diapente nominate, che $ono ne gli a$petti quadrati, o triangolari.
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1206 <p><I>Io de$idero la$ciarmi intendere, percioche il Philandro benche fidelmente e$ponga le parole
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1207 dello interprete di Tolomeo; ci la$cia per&ograve; di $iderio dimaggior intelligenza. Dico adunque, che
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1208 uolendo gli A$trologi dimo$trare come i corpi cele$ti concordano a mandar qua giu nel centro i
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1209 diuini loro influ<02>i, hanno pigliato alcune figure di Geometria tra $e proportionate, &amp; ri$ponden-
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1210 ti. La prima &egrave; quella, che ha tre anguli, &amp; tre lati eguali, la $econda che ne ha quattro, la ter-
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1211 za, che ne ha $gi. hanno poi mi$urato gli ang oli di quelle figure, &amp; ritrouato tra quelli e$$ere pro-
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1212 portione, &amp; corri$pondenza mirabile; &amp; per quelle hanno giudi cato la conformit&agrave;, &amp; con$o-
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1213 nanza, che hanno le $telle nel mandar qua giu le loro diuine uirt uti, &amp; per maggior chiarezza,
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1214 io dico, che gli angoli $i mi$urano dalla circonferenza compre$a, che tengono le linee, che gli
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1215 fanno. Dico dapoi, che gli antichi chiamauano A<02>e ogni co$a intiera atta ad e<02>er mi$urata, o
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1216 partita, &amp; la diuideuano in dodici parti. L'una era detta onza; le due, $e$tante: perche entra-
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1217 uano $ei fiate nel tutto, che era dodici. Le tre, quadrante, perche entrauano quattro fiate nel-
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1218 l'A<02>e. Le quattro triente, perche u'intrauano tre fiate. &amp; non denominauano altrimenti le cin-
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1219 que, che Quincunce, perche non entrauano egualmente a far il tutto come le due, le tre, &amp; le
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1220 quattro. Ma le $ei erano dette $emi<02>es, qua$i la met&agrave; dell'A<02>e. le $ette, $ettunce, per lai$te<02>a
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1221 ragione delle cinque. le otto, be<02>em, perche alli $ei ne aggiugneno duc. Le noue dodrante, le dieci
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1222 De$tante, &amp; le undeci deunce, perche in quelle non era moltiplicatione, n&egrave; aggiunta, che egual-
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1223 mente entra<02>e a finire le dodici. Stando le co$e nel $opradetto modo, io dico che lo angolo dritto
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1224 del quadrato giu$to, &amp; intiero occuper&agrave; dodici parti, l'angolo del triangulo, che &egrave;maggiore, &amp;
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1225 piu largo ne abbraccera $edici, l'angolo della figura di $ei, come piu $tretto, ne tenir&agrave; otto. lo an-</I>
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1226 <pb n="24">
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1227 <I>gulo del quadrato per e$$er giu$to, &amp; intiero $ar&agrave; detto A$$e. quello del triangulo per e$$er mag-
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1228 giore un terzo, contener&agrave; il dritto intiero, &amp; $ar&agrave; di piu uno quadrante, che &egrave; un terzo, &amp; qui
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1229 $ar&agrave; la proportione detta $e$quiterza. L'angulo della figura e$$angulare &egrave; minor la met&agrave; dell'an-
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1230 gulo della triangulare, &amp; occupa otto parti della circonferenza, che &egrave; di mi$ura be$$ule, cio&egrave;
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1231 d'otto parti; &amp; per&ograve; tra que$ti anguli &egrave; la proportione Doppia nominata. come tra lo angulo del
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1232 quadrato, &amp; l'angulo dell'e$$angulo &egrave; proportione $e$quialtera, cio&egrave; che nel continente &egrave; una</I>
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1233 <fig>
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1234 <I>uolta &egrave; meza il contenuto, come otto, cio&egrave; il be$-
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1235 $ale &egrave; nel dodici, cio&egrave; nell'A$$e una fiata, &amp; uno
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1236 triente, che &egrave; la met&agrave; di otto. &amp; que$to $ia detto
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1237 per quello, che apartiene all'A$trologia. Quello
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1238 ueramente, che &egrave; della Mu$ica, &egrave; che il Mu$ico
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1239 $imilmente con$idera la con$onanza, &amp; quella
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1240 non ne gli a$petti, ma nelle uoci, &amp; ne i $uoni, &amp;
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1241 non hanno uoluto u$are i nomi de gli Arithmeti-
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1242 ci, ma in uece di $e$quiterza hanno detto quarta,
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1243 in uece di $e$quialtera hanno detto quinta, &amp; per
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1244 doppia hanno pigliato ottaua, che dette con no-
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1245 mi Greci $uonano Diate$$aron, Diapente, Diapa-
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1246 $on; come $i far&agrave; manife$to nel quinto libro. Egli
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1247 bi$ogna adunque $e le uoci deono e$$er con$onan-
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1248 ti, cio&egrave; uenire alle orecchie in modo diletteuole
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1249 unite &amp; me$colate; bi$ogna dico, che egli ci $ia
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1250 tra le uoci graui, &amp; acute proportionata di$tan-
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1251 za. Il mede$imo &egrave; bi$ogno, che $ia nel con$en-
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1252 timento delle $telle (che Vitr. chiama Sympathia)
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1253 accioche mandino qua gi&ugrave;, unitamente con for-
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1254 za, &amp; uirtu gl'influ$$i loro. le regole adunque
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1255 dell'Arithmetica $ono quelle, che fanno la Mu-
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1256 $ica unita con l'A$trologia. perche la proportio-
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1257 ne &egrave; commune, &amp; uniuer$ale in tutte le co$e atte
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1258 ad e$$er mi$urate, pe$ate, &amp; numerate.</I>
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1259 <p>Et con il Geometra della pro$pettiua, &amp;
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1260 del uedere, &amp; co$i in tutte le altre dottrine
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1261 molte co$e, &ograve; tutte $ono communi da e$$er
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1262 di$putate $olamente. Ma gli incominciamen-
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1263 ti delle opere, che con le mani, &amp; col trat-
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1264 tamento &amp; e$$ercitio alla $cieltezza, &amp; bellez-
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1265 za $i conduceno, &agrave; quelli $olamente a$petta-
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1266 no, i quali in una Arte propriamente all'ope-
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1267 rare $ono ordinati.
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1268 <p><I>Oltra il commertio (dir&ograve; co$i) che tiene l'A-
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1269 $trologia con la Mu$ica per le $opradette ragioni,
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1270 $i uede anche la raccommunanza che ella ha con la Geometria per la pro$pettiua, che da Greci
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1271 opticos logos, cio&egrave; ragione del uedere, &egrave; nominata. &amp; qui Vitru. dimo$tra la communanza tra
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1272 piu di due $cienze, &amp; uuole dire, che oltra quello che ha da fare l'A$trologia con la Mu$ica, el-
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1273 la anche tiene compagnia con la Geometria, perche dal Geometra ella piglia le ragioni della
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1274 pro$pettiua ri$petto a gli a$petti, &amp; alle di$tanze, d'onde na$ce il ritorno, lo $tato, &amp; il pro-
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1275 gre$$o de pianeti ne i loro mouimenti. prende il $uo $oggetto la pro$pettiua da due $cienze, dalla</I>
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1276 <pb n="25">
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1277 <I>Geometria la linea: dalla naturale la ueduta: &amp; ne fa una $ola, che io chiamerei Raggio. ma
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1278 que$te co$e altroue ci $aranno manife$te. Stando adunque quanto $i &egrave; detto, &amp; la raccommu-
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1279 nanza delle $cienze, Vitr. conchiudendo ci pre$criue il modo, &amp; il termine del $apere, &amp; dice.</I>
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1280 <p>Et per&ograve; a$$ai parer&agrave; hauer fatto colui, che di cia$cuna dottrina hauer&agrave; mediocremente
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1281 cono$ciute le parti, &amp; le ragioni di quelle, &amp; quelle che nece$$arie $ono all'Architettura:
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1282 accioche egli non $ia la$ciato, &amp; $i perda &amp; manchi, quando di co$e tali, &amp; di tal'Arti bi-
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1283 $ogner&agrave; far giudicio, &amp; proua.
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1284 <p><I>Perche non deue, ne puo lo Architetto e$$ere perito nella Grammatica come Ari$tarcho, &amp;
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1285 il re$to, che Vitr. $i ricorda d'hauer detto di $opra, doue di$$e</I> {<I>non deue.</I>} <I>perc oche $e bene
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1286 lo Architetto pote$$e e$$er perfetto in tante arti, non per&ograve; per quella perfettione $i douerrebbe
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1287 propriamente chiamare Architetto, perche u$cirebbe $uori de i termini dell'Architettura; &amp;
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1288 per que$to molto piu forte $i fa l'argomento di Vitr. contra Pythio, perche prima s'&egrave; dimo$trato,
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1289 che la $ua oppinione per la i$perienza non &egrave; uera, poi per ragione non &egrave; po$$ibile, &amp; in fine $e be-
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1290 ne fu<02>e po$$ibile non &egrave; conueniente. Simili argomenti u$a Platone, Ari$totele &amp; Galeno, ragio-
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1291 nando quelli dell'Oratore, &amp; que$to del Medico, $econdo il propo$ito loro: &amp; per&ograve; quiui dir&ograve;
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1292 co$a, che a me pare degna di con$ideratione, per fare auuertiti quelli, che $i danno ad alcuna $cien
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1293 za; che chi $ape$$e bene quali fu$$ero i termini di cia$cuna $cienza, &amp; cono$cer pote$$e quando
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1294 altri ne u$ci$$ero, $enza dubbio egli cono$cerebbe, &amp; ritrouerebbe tante, &amp; co$i belle co$e in
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1295 cia$cuna, che egli ci darebbe da merauigliare; percioche chi ha bene le propriet&agrave;, &amp; le di$tin-
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1296 tioni delle co$e, puote anche &amp; le raccommunanze, &amp; le $imiglianze cono$cere.</I>
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1297 <p>Ma quelli, a i quali la natura benigna tanta di $olertia, &amp; uiuezza d'ingegno, &amp; di me-
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1298 moria hauer&agrave; conceduto, che po$sino in$ieme, &amp; la Geometria, &amp; l'A$trologia, &amp; la Mu=
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1299 $ica, &amp; le altre di$cipline perfettamente cono$cere, certamente pa$$ano i termini, &amp; gli of-
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1300 $icij dello Architetto, &amp; $i fanno Mathematici, doue facilmente po$$ono di$putare contra
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1301 quelle di$cipline, perche di piu arme di $cienze armati $ono.
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1302 <p><I>Egli $i $uole di$putare de i principij d'una $cienza, &amp; $i $uole anche di$putare delle co$e con-
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1303 tenute $otto que' principij contra chiunque le nega$$e. $e egli $i di$puta de i principij, bi$ogna u$ci-
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1304 re de i termini di quella $cienza, &amp; u$are una $cienza commune, &amp; uniuer$ale: perche $e le
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1305 proue na$ceno da i principij, come $i puo contra chi gli niega di$putare $tando ne i termini di quel-
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1306 la $cienza, non e$$endo co$a inanzi i principij? &amp; per&ograve; dice Vitr. che chi &egrave; armato di piu armi di
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1307 $cienze puo di$putare contra le $cienze, cio&egrave; contra coloro che di quelle ne face$$ero profe$$ione.
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1308 &amp; per que$to Ari$totele non come Filo$ofo naturale di$puta contra Parmenide, &amp; Meli<02>o, i
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1309 quali negauano i principij della Filo$ofia naturale: ma come Dialettico, &amp; $opra naturale. Ma
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1310 $e egli $i di$puta delle co$e contenute $otto i principij di alcuna $cienza, puo bene alcuno non u$cen-
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1311 do de i termini di quella $cienza di$putare contra chi ragiona<02>e male delle co$e &agrave; quella pertinen-
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1312 ti, perche egli $i $eruirebbe de i principij di quella $cienza; &amp; per&ograve; quelli che $ono in molte $cien-
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1313 ze periti, $empre armati $ono, &amp; all'offe$a, &amp; alla dife$a, percioche u$cendo o $tando nella
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1314 propo$ta qui$tione, $i po<02>ono $aluare con auantagio.</I>
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1315 <p>Ma rare uolte $i truouano $imili huomini, come fu Ari$tarcho Samio, Philolao, &amp; Ar-
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1316 chita Tarentini, Apollonio Pergeo, Erato$thene Cireneo, Archimede, &amp; Scopinas Sira-
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1317 cu$ani, i quali per uia di numeri, &amp; di ragioni naturali molte co$e ritrouate circa gli in-
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1318 $trumenti, &amp; le regole &amp; gli $tili, a i po$teri degnamente la$ciorno. Quando adunque
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1319 $ia, che dalla $olertia naturale non a tutte le genti per tutto, ma a pochi huomini conce-
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1320 duto $ia l'hauere co$i buoni ingegni, &amp; l'ufficio dello Architetto $ia e$$ere in tutti gli am-
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1321 mae$tramenti e$$ercitato, &amp; la ragione della co$a permetta, che non $econdo la nece$sit&agrave;
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1322 le $omme, ma le mediocri cognitioni delle di$cipline egli habbia: io &ograve; Ce$are, &amp; a te, &amp; a
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1323 quelli, che leggeranno i miei uolumi, dimando, che $e alcuna co$a poco $econdo le re-
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1324 gole di Grammatica $ar&agrave; da me e$plicata, egli mi $ia perdonato. perche non come $om-
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1325 <foot><I>D</I></foot>
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1326 <pb n="26">
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1327 mo Filo$ofo, n&egrave; cloquente Oratore, n&egrave; Grammatico nelle piu eccellenti ragioni del-
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1328 l'Arte e$$ercitato, ma come Architetto di que$ta maniera di lettere ammae$trato mi $ono
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1329 sforzato di $criuere que$te co$e.
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1330 <p><I>Conchiude Vitr. con mirabile circondottione, &amp; abbracciamento le dette co$e, tenendo lun-
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1331 gamente $o$pe$o lo intendimento prima, che uenghi al fine, ilche &egrave;idea, &amp; forma della grandez-
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1332 za del parlare, che $i $ostenta con alcune particelle la $ententia, come $ono, benche, non $ola-
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1333 mente, quantunqae, auegna Dio, &amp; altre $imiglianti, che richiedeno altre ri$pondenze. Ecco
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1334 quanto &egrave; ripieno que$to parlare di $entimenti, &amp; d'Argomenti, &amp; prima dalla natura delle co-
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1335 fe, quando dice</I> {<I>ma a pochi huomini conceduto $ia.</I>} <I>Da poi dall'Arte, quando dice</I> {<I>&amp;
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1336 l'ufficio dello Architetto.</I>} <I>Indi dalle co$e i$te<02>e quando dice.</I> {<I>Et la ragione della co$a per-
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1337 metta.</I>} <I>&amp; finalmente chiude il $entimento.</I> {<I>10 che o Ce$are.</I>} <I>Propone poi di che egli
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1338 habbia a trattare dicendo.</I> Quanto ueramente ricerca il potere di que$t'Arte, &amp; le ra-
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1339 gioni, che in quello po$te $ono, prometto (come io $pero) in que$ti libri non $olo &agrave;
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1340 gli edificatori, ma &agrave; tutti i $aui $enza dubio con grandi$sima autorit&agrave; poter pre$tare.
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1341 <p><I>Pareua la prome<02>a di Vitr. grande, &amp; gonfia, per&ograve; con prudenza egli ui po$e quelle paro-
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1342 le</I> {<I>come io $pero</I>} <I>per dimo$trare mode$tia. dice adunque che egli promette pre$tare quanto por
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1343 ta la facolt&agrave; dell'Architettura, non $olamente a gli edificanti; ricordando$i di hauer detto, che
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1344 l'Architettura na$ce da Fabrica, ma a tutti i periti le ragioni dell'Arte promette, lequali nel
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1345 di$cor$o, nella co$a $ignificante, &amp; nella proua della Fabrica $ono ripo$te. &amp; per&ograve; $enza dub-
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1346 bio con grandi$$ima autorit&agrave; o<02>erua le prome<02>e, percioche come $auio Architetto fonder&agrave; l'Ar-
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1347 te $ua $opra ueri, efficaci, utili, &amp; conformi precetti. Et tanto detto $ia $opra il primo capo.</I>
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1348 <HEAD><I>Di quali co$e &egrave; composta l'Architettura.
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1349 Cap. II.</I></HEAD>
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1350 <p>L'ARCHITETTVRA con$i$te in Ordine, in Di$po$itione, in bel Numero, in
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1351 Compartimento, in Decoro, &amp; in Di$tributione.
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1352 <p><I>Chiunque inten der&agrave; bene il pre$ente capo, con uerit&agrave; potr&agrave; dire $apere, &amp; in-
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1353 tendere in che con$i$ta la forza dell'Architettura. percioche le $ei co$e, nelle quali
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1354 afferma Vitr. che con$i$te l'Architettura, $ono quelle, che appartengono alla forza, &amp; natura di
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1355 e<02>a; quelle delle quali &egrave; l'habito nella mente dello Architetto; &amp; quelle finalmente, $enza le
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1356 quali niuna opera puo hauer forma, o perfettione. Difficil co$a &egrave; dimo$trare la diuer$it&agrave; che &egrave;
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1357 tra le predette co$e: &amp; bella co$a &egrave; la$ciar$i intendere, &amp; non fuggire. Percioche a molti pu&ograve; pa-
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1358 rere, che Vitru. nel diffinire le dette $ei co$e, dica il mede$imo in piu modi: Il che non &egrave;, com'io
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1359 mi sforzer&ograve; di dimo$trare chiaramente. Dico adunque per intelligentia di quello, che $i deue
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1360 e$ponere, che alcune co$e inquanto all'e$$er loro non $i riferi$cono ad altre, ma libere, &amp; a$$olute
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1361 $ono. Altre hanno rilatione, &amp; ri$petto, &amp; $enza non $tarebbeno. l'huomo, la pietra, la pianta,
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1362 &amp; finalmente ogni $o$tanza non hanno riguardo, &amp; comparatione ad altra co$a, perche da $e
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1363 $tanno: ma l'e$$er padre, patrone, mae$tro, amico, fratello, non puo $tare da $e, ma di nece$$it&agrave; ad
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1364 altro $i riferi$ce. perche'l padre ha rilatione al figliuolo, il patrone al$eruo, il mae$tro al di$ci-
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1365 pulo, l'amico all'amico, il fratello, al fratello. $imilmente il doppio, il maggiore, il minore &amp;
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1366 l'eguale $ono co$e, che $ole non po$$ono n&egrave; e$$er inte$e. Oltra la predetta di$tintione egli
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1367 &egrave; degno di auuertimento, che delle co$e, le quali di loro natura $i riferi$cono ad altre, $ono alcu-
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1368 ni termini: &amp; que$ti $ono il fondamento &amp; principio dal quale s'incomincia la relatione, &amp; il fine
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1369 nel quale ella termina: come la ragione di e<02>er padre comincia da chi genera, &amp; termina in chi
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1370 &egrave; generato. Lo e$$er mae$tro $i fonda in colui, che in$egna, &amp; ha il $uo termine in colui, che
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1371 impara. lo e$$er maggiore comincia in quella co$a, che eccede, &amp; fini$ce nella co$a ecce$$a. In</I>
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1372 <pb n="27">
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1373 <I>que$te comparationi di co$e $pe<02>o adiuiene egualit&agrave;, &amp; parit&agrave;, cio&egrave; che tanto nel fondamento,
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1374 quanto nel termine $i troua ragione eguale, come dicendo, amico, o fratello: percioche l'ami-
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1375 co &egrave; pari all'amico, il fratello al fratello, n&egrave; $i troua ragione maggiore nell'uno che nell'al-
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1376 tro termine. $pe$$o anche $i uede nelle co$e riferite di$parit&agrave;, &amp; di$aguaglianza, come dire pa-
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1377 trone &amp; $eruo, padre &amp; figliuolo, mae$tro &amp; di$cipulo, perche egli importa che $i cominci
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1378 piu da uno, che dall'altro; &amp; altra ragione &egrave; nell'uno termine, &amp; altra nell'altro. Que$te di-
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1379 $tintioni hanno gran forza a fare, che bene s'intendino le $ei predette co$e. percioche tutte $ono
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1380 comparationi, &amp; relationi, come $i ueder&agrave; qui $otto. Hauendo adunque Vitru. formato lo Ar-
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1381 chitetto, cio&egrave; fattolo degno agente di tanti artificij; tratta della forma; percioche e$$endo la ma-
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1382 teria imperfetta niuna co$a da e$$a $i trarrebbe $enza la perfettione, &amp; la forma; la quale con-
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1383 $i$te nelle $ei predette co$e. Due fini $i truouano delle opere, uno &egrave; il compimento, &amp; finimento
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1384 del lauoro, come, quando $i dice, l'opera &egrave; finita, &amp; compita: l'altro &egrave; il fine della intentione;
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1385 che &egrave;, quando fornita l'opera $i dice, io ho l'intento mio; come fornita la ca$a io $ono dife$o da i
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1386 uenti, &amp; dal $ole, &amp; $icuro de i contrarij. Per uenire adunque al fine dell'opera, egli &egrave; nece$-
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1387 $ario ($e con arte ci uogliamo gouernare) procedere ordinatamente; &amp; que$to in due modi; pri-
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1388 ma quanto alla quantit&agrave;, &amp; grandezza delle parti, poi quanto alla $o$tanza con qualit&agrave; di e$$e
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1389 parti. nel primo &egrave; l'ordine, nel $econdo &egrave; la di$po$itione. &amp; perche la qualit&agrave; $i pu&ograve; con$iderare
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1390 in $e $te$$a, &amp; comparandola alla forma, che all'a$petto, &amp; &agrave; gli occhi $i riferi$ce; per&ograve; bi$ogna
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1391 che nell'opera $ia una certa qualit&agrave;, che contenti, &amp; diletti gli occhi de' riguardanti; &amp; que-
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1392 $ta &egrave; detta da Vitr. Eurithmia, della quale $i dir&agrave; poi. Et perche non $i propone l'opera infinita,
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1393 ma terminata in grandezza s&igrave; del tutto, come delle parti; per&ograve; bi$ogna, che oltra l'ordine ci $ia
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1394 una corri$pondenza delle mi$ure tra $e, &amp; al tutto comparate. che propo$to che ci $ia la mi$ura
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1395 d'una $ola parte, $appiamo le mi$ure delle altre; &amp; propo$taci la grandezza del tutto $appiamo
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1396 la grandezza di cia$cuna parte. &amp; que$ta corri$pondenza &egrave; nominata Simmetria, qua$i concor-
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1397 $o, &amp; corri$pondenza di mi$ure. Noi la chiamamo compartimento, i latini $i $erueno del nome
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1398 Greco. Ma perche l'opere che $i fanno hauer deono autorit&agrave;, &amp; riputatione, &amp; e$$er anche
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1399 all'u$o de' mortali accommodate, &amp; con prudenza di$pen$ate; per&ograve; uolendo noi ottennere le
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1400 predette co$e, fa bi$ogno $eruar quello, che $i conuiene, che Decoro $i chiama, &amp; di$pen$are il
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1401 tutto, il che &egrave; po$to nella di$tributione, dellequali co$e $i dir&agrave; poi partitamente, ponendo prima
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1402 $otto un'a$petto la $opra detta $ufficienza delle $ei co$e.</I>
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1403 <fig>
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1404 <p><I>Noi di$tintamente ragioneremo di cia$cuna parte, &amp; prima dell'ordine.</I>
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1405 <p>Ordine &egrave; moderata attitudine de i membri dell'opera, partitamente, &amp; ri$petto a tut
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1406 ta la proportione al compartimento, ilquale $i compone di quantit&agrave;,
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1407 <p><I>Perche in molte co$e ritrouamo ordine, di$po$itione, decoro, di$tributione, &amp; le altre par
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1408 ti $opradette, per&ograve; diremo che que$ti termini $ono generali &amp; communi: &amp; come generali, &amp;
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1409 communi hanno le loro diffinitioni nella $cienza generale, &amp; commune, che &egrave; la prima detta
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1410 Metaphy$ica. Ma quando alcuno artefice uuole applicare alcuna di quelle parti alla propria co
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1411 gnitione, re$trigne quella uniuer$alit&agrave; al particolare, &amp; proprio dell'arte $ua. come $i uede al</I>
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1412 <foot><I>D</I> 2</foot>
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1413 <pb n="28">
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1414 <I>pre$ente, nelle dette diffinitioni, &amp; prima nella diffinitione dell'ordine. Certo &egrave; che l'ordine in
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1415 $e, &amp; $econdo la natura $ua nel generale, &egrave; quando una co$a di $ua ragione pone un'e$$er dopo
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1416 l'altro: &amp; per&ograve; ne $egue, che doue &egrave; ordine $ia prima, &amp; poi, &amp; que$ti $ono termini communi,
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1417 &amp; che abbracciano molto. Ma lo Architetto gli ri$trigne a $e, benche con piu larghezza, che
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1418 ogni altro Arte$ice: percioche la $cientia &amp; cognitione dello Architetto &egrave; piu ampia che quella
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1419 d'un altro. Dice adunque che l'ordine &egrave; quando in una opera di $ua ragione l'e$$er d'una quantit&agrave;
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1420 &egrave; po$to prima, &amp; l'altro poi: &amp; in que$to modo la diffinitione dell'ordine &egrave; fatta propria per
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1421 l'applicatione de i termini communi &amp; uniuer$ali, ne i quali $i pu&ograve; dire, che po$ta $ia la racco-
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1422 munanza delle $cienze. Perche adunque $i $tia ne i no$tri primi fondamenti, io dico che l'ordi-
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1423 ne &egrave; tra quelle co$e, che $i riferi$cono ad altre, &amp; che po$te $ono in comparatione, &amp; ri$petto.
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1424 Dico di piu che la comparatione &egrave; di quelle, che $ono nella di$aguaglianza. chiaro &egrave; che nell'or
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1425 dine $ia ri$petto, perche nell'ordine s'mtende, che alcuna co$a preceda, &amp; altra $ucceda. euui
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1426 anche di$aguaglianza perche $e tutte le co$e fu$$ero eguali, gi&agrave; non $arebbeno tutte, come dice
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1427 $anto Ago$tino, perche non ui $arebbono quelli che haue$$ero a precedere; &amp; per&ograve; l'ordine &egrave;
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1428 di$pen$atione delle co$e pari, &amp; di$pari, eguali, &amp; di$eguali. L'ordine dello Architetto &egrave; d'in-
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1429 torno la quantit&agrave;, &amp; nella quantit&agrave; $i troua l'ordine, che riguarda al tutto, &amp; l'ordine, che
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1430 riguar da alle parti, non che l'un ordine in effetto $i ritruoui $enza l'altro: ma in modo, che lo
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1431 intelletto puo fare la di$tintione, &amp; intendere cia$cuno $eparatamente: &amp; per&ograve; dice Vitruuio
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1432 quanto all'ordine, che &egrave; tra le parti, che l'ordine &egrave; moderata attitudine de i membri dell'ope
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1433 ra partitamente, &amp; que$ta attitudine, che egli chiama commodit&agrave;, con$i$te nel regolare, &amp;
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1434 temprare una parte cerca la $ua grandezza in modo, che $ia mi$ura delle altre, &amp; con
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1435 quelle conuegna, &amp; ri$ponda; &amp; in que$ta regolatione la parte, che come mi$ura $i piglia,
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1436 deue precedere alle altre. nell'ordine adunque applicato all'Architettura, $i truoua il prima,
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1437 &amp; il poi. &amp; que$te $ono differenze oppo$te, &amp; di$eguali, &amp; per&ograve; $i deono ridurre $otto un
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1438 termine commune; &amp; que$ta &egrave; la regola. ma piu chiaramente per lo e$$empio; &amp; que$to
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1439 quando io hauer&ograve; dichiarito l'ordine delle parti comparate al tutto. Dice inquanto a que$to
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1440 ordine. Vitr.</I> {<I>Et un ri$petto di tutta la Proportione al compartimento.</I>} <I>Proportione &egrave;
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1441 comparatione di co$e tra $e, che $ono d'una i$te$$a natura. Que$ta $i fa nell'Architettura,
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1442 pigliando una certa, &amp; determinata quantit&agrave;, la quale $ia regolatrice di tutte le altre gran
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1443 dezze, &amp; mi$ure delle parti, &amp; membri dell'opere. Lo e$$empio &egrave; que$to. Vitr. nel terzo
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1444 libro al $econdo Capo uolendo render conto della bella maniera de i tempij, nella quale &egrave; lo
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1445 $patio conueniente, &amp; bello tra una colonna, &amp; l'altra, dice che egli bi$ogna, che lo $patio
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1446 &amp; il uano o lume $ia della gro$$ezza di due colonne, &amp; un quarto piu. &amp; con que$to dice.
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1447 $e la facciata del luogo, doue $i ha da fabricare $ar&agrave; di quattro colonne, bi$ogner&agrave; compartirla
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1448 in undici parti &amp; meza, la$ciando le $pire: &amp; di quelle undici, una deue e$$er il modulo; che co$i
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1449 egli chiama quella mi$ura, che regola tutte le grandezze dell'opere. Dona alle gro$$ezze delle co
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1450 lonne un modulo, a i uani due moduli, &amp; un quarto, al uano di mezo tre moduli. &amp; in que$to modo
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1451 ordina tutta la facciata; come chiaramente $i uede che quattro moduli $i danno a quattro colon-
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1452 ne, tre allo $patio di mezo, che $ono $ette, quattro et mezo a gli $patij, &amp; uani da i lati, che $ono
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1453 undici &amp; mezo. Et la ragione i$te$$a &egrave; lodata $e la fronte $ar&agrave; di $ei colonne, perche quella $ar&agrave;
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1454 partita in parti diciotto, una di quelle $ar&agrave; il modulo, la gro$$ezza delle colonne $ar&agrave; d'un modulo,
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1455 e$$endo adunque $ei colonne, anderanno $eimoduli nelle loro gro$$ezze, nel uano di mezo tre mo
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1456 duli, che con i predetti $ei fanno noue. ma ne i uani dall'una &amp; l'altra parte, che $ono in tut-
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1457 to quattro, andandoui due moduli, &amp; un quarto per uano, u'ander anno altri noue moduli, i qua
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1458 li raccolti con i noue di prima faranno la $omma di diciotto. &amp; co$i ua nella facciata di
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1459 otto colonne che in uentiquattro parti, &amp; meza partita, fa il modulo d'una di quelle, col
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1460 quale $i mi$iura come di $opra. Nelle machine anchora, &amp; nelle altre opere $i uede o$$eruato
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1461 quanto s'&egrave; detto. Ordine adunque &egrave; comparatione di di$aguaglianza, che comincia in una pri-</I>
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1462 <pb n="29">
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1463 <I>ma pre$a quantit&agrave;, come regola di tutte le parti, &amp; a quelle, &amp; al tutto riferita: $acendo
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1464 una conuenicnza di mi$ure nominata $immetria.</I> Que$ta $i compone di quantit&agrave;, laquale &egrave;
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1465 conueniente effetto de i moduli dalla pre$a dell'opera, &amp; di tutte le parti de i membri.
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1466 <p><I>La $immetria, &amp; compartimento $i compone di molte quantit&agrave; ad uno i$te$$o e$fetto: la qual
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1467 quantit&agrave; &egrave; diffinita da Vitr. &amp; di noi con l'e$$empio dichiarata. nel qual e$$empio prima $i pi-
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1468 glia il piano intiero della fronte, &amp; quello in parte $i diuide, &amp; d'una di quelle parti $e ne $a
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1469 la regoletta, &amp; il modulo, ilquale tempera, &amp; modera i membri, &amp; le parti dell'opera fa-
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1470 cendo nel tutto un conueniente effetto.</I> La di$po$itione &egrave; atta collocatione delle co$e, &amp;
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1471 nel componimento $cielto effetto con qualit&agrave;. <I>La di$po$itione compara le parti dell'ope-
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1472 re non come grandezze, &amp; quantit&agrave;, ma come parti da e$$er collocate nel proprio luogo.
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1473 percioche non &egrave; a ba$tanza ritrouare una commune mi$ura, che $ia regola della grandezza
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1474 delle parti, ma bi$ogna anche ritrouare un'ordine di quella co$a, che ha parti, non compa-
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1475 rando le parti come grandezze, &amp; quantit&agrave;, ma comparandole come co$e da e$$er po$te al $uo
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1476 luogo. Due maniere ci fa la di$po$itione, l'una dal ca$o procede, o dalla nece<02>it&agrave;, &amp; l'altra
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1477 dall'artificio, o dal $apere. Vitr. ragiona di pre$ente di que$ta ultima, ma nel $e$to libro ra-
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1478 giona della prima, &amp; molto bene $i la$cia intendere al $econdo Capo del detto libro, cerca le
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1479 predette co$e dicendo in quel luogo.</I> Niuna cura maggiore hauer deue lo Architetto, che
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1480 fare, che gli edificij habbiano per le proportioni della rata parte i componimenti delle lo
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1481 ro ragioni. quando adunque $ar&agrave; fornita la ragione delle mi$ure, &amp; con di$cor$o e$pli-
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1482 cate le proportioni. <I>(Come ricerca l'ordine, &amp; la $immetria,)</I> all'hora &egrave; proprio an-
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1483 che dell'acutezza dello ingegno prouedere alla natura del luogo, all'u$o, alla bellezza,
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1484 &amp; aggiugnendo, o $cemando far conueneuoli temperamenti, accioche quando $ar&agrave; leua
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1485 to, o aggiunto alcuna co$a alla mi$ura, cio paia e$$er $tato drittamente formato.
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1486 <p><I>Come fa Vitruuio nella di$po$itione delle Ba$iliche, nel quinto libro.</I>
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1487 <p>In modo che niente piu $i di$ideri nell'a$petto <I>(Ecco la Eurithmia,)</I> perche altra
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1488 forma pare, che $ia d'appre$$o, &amp; al ba$$o; altra di lontano, &amp; in altezza, n&egrave; quella
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1489 pare in luogo rinchiu$o, che pare in luogo aperto. nelle quali co$e &egrave; opera di grande inge
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1490 gno $apere prendere partito.
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1491 <p><I>Et in fine del detto capo dice piu chiarmente, toccando la di$po$itione, che dal ca$o, o dalla ne
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1492 ce$$it&agrave; procede.</I> Io non pen$o, che bi$ogni dubitare, che alle nature, &amp; nece$sit&agrave; de i
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1493 luoghi, non $i debbiano fare gli accre$cimenti, &amp; le diminutioni, ma in modo, che in $i-
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1494 mil opera niente $ia di$iderato. &amp; que$to non $olo per dottrina, ma per acutezza d'inge-
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1495 gno $i puo fare; &amp; per&ograve; prima egli $i deue ordinare la ragione delle mi$ure, dalla quale $i
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1496 po$$a pigliare $enza dubitatione, il mutamento delle co$e. Da poi $ia e$plicato lo $patio
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1497 dal ba$$o dell'opera, che $i deue fare, di largezza, &amp; di lungezza. della qual opera, quan-
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1498 do una fiata $ar&agrave; determinata la grandezza, ne $egua l'apparat o della proportione alla
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1499 bellezza, accioche dubbio non $ia lo a$petto della con$onanza, a chi ui uorr&agrave; $opra con-
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1500 $iderare.
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1501 <p><I>Dalle parole $opra dette chiaramente $i cono$ce il numero, l'ordine, &amp; la natura delle $ei co-
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1502 $e predette. io ho uoluto allegare i luoghi di Vitr. per e$$ere lo intento mio di e$ponere Vitr. con
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1503 Vitr. i$te$$o. dice adunque, $eguitando la $ua diffinitione, che la di$po$itione &egrave; atta collocatione del
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1504 le co$e. Et per co$e intende le $tanze, &amp; le parti di e$$e nella fabrica, ouero le parti dell'opere fat
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1505 te dall'Architetto, $ieno quali $i uoglia. da que$ta ben di$po$ta collocatione delle parti, na$ce il ue-
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1506 dere in tutta la compo$itione una bella qualit&agrave;, che &egrave; $ito conueniente di cia$cuna co$a. &amp; per&ograve;
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1507 dice, $cielto effetto, cio&egrave; sbrigato, netto, di$tinto. Alla di$po$itione s'oppone il $uperfluo come
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1508 all'ordine s'oppone la confu$ione. Et $i puo dire, che l'ordine &egrave; di$po$itione delle mi$ure alla $im-
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1509 metria, &amp; la di$po$itione &egrave; ordine delle parti al luogo, come $i ueder&agrave; al $e$to capo del primo, &amp;
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1510 in molti altri luoghi.</I> Leidee della di$po$itione $ono que$te la pianta, lo in pi&egrave;, il profilo.
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1511 <pb n="30">
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1512 La pianta &egrave; un moderato u$o della $e$ta, &amp; della regola, dal quale $i piglia il di$egno delle
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1513 forme nel piano. Lo in pi&egrave;, &egrave; la imagine dritta della fronte, &amp; figura con modo dipinta,
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1514 con le ragioni dell'opera, che $i deue fare. il pro$ilo &egrave; adombratione della fronte, &amp; dei
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1515 lati che $i $co$tano, &amp; una ri$pondenza di tutte le linee al centro della $e$ta.
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1516 <p><I>Nel di$ponere, &amp; collocare le parti lo Architetto forma nel $uo pen$iero, &amp; poi di$egna tre
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1517 maniere, ouero idee delle opere: Vna &egrave; detta da Greci, ichnografia, cio&egrave; de$crittione, &amp; di$egno
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1518 della pianta, per dare ad intendere la collocatione delle parti, &amp; la largbezza, &amp; lungezza
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1519 dell'opera. alche fare ci uuole un moderato u$o della $e$ta, &amp; della regola. L'altra &egrave; detta, ortho
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1520 graphia, cio&egrave; de$crittione, &amp; di$egno del leuato, &amp; dritto, s&igrave; per dimo$trare l'altezza delle ope-
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1521 re, come la maniera. deue e$$er lo in pi&egrave; conforme alla pianta, altrimenti non $arebbe un'i$te$$a
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1522 co$a quella, che na$ce, &amp; quella, che cre$ce: ilche &egrave; grande errore, &amp; contra la natuna delle co
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1523 $e, percioche nelle piante, &amp; ne gli animali $i uede quello, che na$ce, &amp; quello, che cre$ce e$-
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1524 $er lo i$te$$o, &amp; niuna parte aggiugner$i da poi. La terza idea &egrave; il profilo, detto $ciografia, dal
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1525 quale grande utilit&agrave; $i prende, perche per la de$crittione del profilo $i rende conto delle gro$$ezze
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1526 de i muri, de gli $porti, delle ritrattioni d'ogni membro, &amp; in que$to l'Architetto come Medico
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1527 dimo$tra tutte le parti interiori, &amp; e$teriori delle opere, &amp; per&ograve; in que$to ufficio ha bi$ogno di
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1528 grandi$$imo pen$amento, &amp; giudicio, &amp; pratica, come &agrave; chi, con$idera gli effetti del profilo
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1529 &egrave; manife$to: perche la eleuatione della fronte, &amp; la mae$t&agrave; non dimo$tra gli $porti, le ritrationi,
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1530 le gro$$ezze delle cornici, de i capitelli, de i ba$amenti, delle $cale, &amp; d'altre co$e, per&ograve; &egrave; nece$-
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1531 $ario il profilo; &amp; con que$te tre maniere di di$po$itione l'Architetto s'a$$icura della riu$cita del-
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1532 l'opera, &amp; fa piu certa la $ua intentione, &amp; l'altrui di$iderio di far opera lodata, &amp; degna. Et
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1533 appre$$o puo fare il conto della $pe$a, &amp; di molte co$e all'opere pertinenti. Dalle dette idee, che
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1534 $ono forme concette nella mente, &amp; e$pre$$e nelle tauole, o carte, ne uiene quello effetto $cielto, &amp;
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1535 elegante, che egli ha detto. Si deue anche auuertire, che Vitr. e$ponendo le nature delle $ei pre-
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1536 dette co$e, uiene a confermare quelle, che $ono nece$$arie allo Architetto, percioche $i uede nella
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1537 di$po$itione, &amp; nelle $ue $pecie, quanto utile $ia il di$egno, &amp; la Geometria. $i uede nell'ordine,
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1538 quanto commoda $ia l'Arithmetica. &amp; uedera$$i nelle altre parti quanto ci $ar&agrave; a propo$ito la
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1539 Pro$pettiua, la Mu$ica, &amp; quelle co$e, che all'i$toria, &amp; alle altre qualit&agrave; dello Architetto $o-
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1540 no conuenienti. L'in pi&egrave; &egrave; imagine della fronte. L&agrave; doue rappre$enta $opra il piano d'una carta,
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1541 tela, o tauola quello, che na$ce dalla pianta riferendo il tutto alle ragioni dell'opera, che $i deue
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1542 $are $ia ella Dorica, Ionica, o qual $i uoglia. Vitruuio ha chiamato fronte ogni co$a, che dritta
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1543 $i uede. Molti $ono, da i quali $i potr&agrave; hauere una pianta, &amp; anche non u$cendo fuori de i termi
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1544 ni di quella, faranno lo in pi&egrave; $econdo la ragione dell'opera futura, ma non $apranno in ogni ordi-
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1545 ne della fabrica dimo$trare in di$egno la gro$$ezza de i pareti, quello, che po$a $ul uiuo, quello,
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1546 che e$ce, &amp; quello, che entra; &amp; per&ograve; mancheranno di que$ta terza $pecie, &amp; Idea della di$po$i-
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1547 tione, per la $ua difficult&agrave;. Que$ta utilit&agrave; del profilo mi muoue ad interpretare $ciografia, &amp;
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1548 non $cenografia. perche $e bene la $cenografia che &egrave; de$crittione delle $cene, &amp; pro$pettiua, &egrave;
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1549 nece$$aria nelle co$e de i Theatri, come $i ueder&agrave; nel quinto libro; non per&ograve; pare, che $ia $econdo
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1550 le idee della di$po$itione, delle quali $i parla. Altri uogliono, che s'intenda il modello. ma que-
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1551 $to non corre con il propo$ito no$tro, $e bene egli fa piu chiara, &amp; certa la intentione dello Archi-
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1552 tetto: oltra che non conuiene la diffinitione data da Vitr. al modello. Potrebbe dire alcuno
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1553 che la detta diffinitione non quadra al profilo; io ri$pondo, che e$$endo tanto nece$$ario il profilo,
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1554 &amp; molto piu, che la pro$pettiua, bi$ogna con$iderar bene la detta diffinitione. Io per me, quan-
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1555 do haue$$i ad intendere in que$to luogo la pro$pettiua, uorrei che fu$$ero quattro le idee della di-
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1556 $po$itione, per ponerui il profilo; tanto egli mi pare nece$$ario. Ma pare anche di nuouo, che
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1557 conuenendo la diffinitione della di$po$itione a due delle $ue idee, cio&egrave; alla pianta, &amp; allo in pi&egrave;, per-
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1558 che di cia$cuna $i pu&ograve; dire, che &egrave; atta collocatione delle co$e, &amp; nel componimento $cielto effetto
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1559 con qualit&agrave;: mi pare dico, dinuouo, che ella non conuenghi alla $ciografia, $e per $ciografia s'in-</I>
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1560 <pb n="31">
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1561 <I>tende pro$pettiua, perche nella pro$pettiua non $i puo uedere atta collocatione delle co$e, n&egrave; meno
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1562 nel componimento $cielto effetto con qualit&agrave;. La cagione &egrave;, che &egrave; nece$$ario, che il genere $i di-
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1563 ca delle $ue $pecie, &amp; che la diffinitione del genere conuegna alle $petie $otto quel genere compre$e.
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1564 Molto bene adunque al profilo conuiene la diffinitione della di$po$itione, perche $i uede nel profi-</I>
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1565 <fig>
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1566 <I>lo $cielto &egrave; sbrigato effetto nel componimento, &amp; $i uede una atta collocatione delle co$e. come
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1567 a chi ben con$idera, &egrave; manife$to, perche tutte le linee uengono all'occhio $enza impedimento,
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1568 &amp; $i cono$cono gli $porti, &amp; le ritrattioni, &amp; le gro$$ezze come $ono, &amp; non come appareno
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1569 con linee, &amp; anguli proportionati, come $i fa nella pro$pettiua: $e bene pare, che la diffinitio-</I>
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1570 <pb n="32">
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1571 <I>ne della $ciografia addotta da Vitr. accenni la diffinitione della pro$pettiua. Et quando pure egli,
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1572 &amp; altri intender uogliono, che $i ragioni della pro$pettiua, &amp; io con loro m'accorder&ograve;, &amp; dir&ograve;
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1573 di piu, che egli &egrave; nece$$ario conceder qualche luogo al profilo nella di$po$itione, per le ragioni,
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1574 che io ho detto, rimettendomi $empre &agrave; miglior giudicio. Ma $arebbe gran co$a, che trattando
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1575 Vitr. in que$to luogo di co$e uniuer$ali a tutta l'arte egli uole$$e intendere delle particolari, &amp; la-
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1576 $cia$$e le co$e importanti mancando al $uo ordine.</I>
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1577 <fig>
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1578 <p>Que$te na$ceno da pen$amento, &amp; da Inuentione. Pen$amento &egrave; cura piena di $tudie
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1579 &amp; effetto d'indu$tria, &amp; uigilanza d'intorno all'opera propo$ta con dilettatione.
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1580 <p><I>Vitruuio in que$to luogo dimo$tra da che na$ceno le predette maniere, &amp; idee della di$po$itie-
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1581 ne: &amp; come huomo, che bene habbia prouato, &amp; $entito in $e $te$$o quello, che egli dice, u$a a
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1582 cuni termini efficaci per i$primere la $ua intentione. Se adunque la natura ci apporta$$e le prede<*>
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1583 te forme &amp; idee, $enza dubio poco ci bi$ognerebbe u$are dello artificio. Ma perche la natura
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1584 non ci mo$tra le dette co$e: nece$$ario &egrave; ricorrere all'Arte. &amp; perche con l'arte $i cerca di
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1585 rappre$entare gli effetti alla natura $imiglianti, per&ograve; ci uuole pen$amento: &amp; per e$$er difficile,
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1586 con arte con$eguire lo intento no$tro, per&ograve; grande $tudio, &amp; indu$tria $i richiede: ma poi che
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1587 dalla diligenza &amp; indu$tria na$ceno belle &amp; leggiadre co$e, di $ubito s'accompagna il diletto
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1588 &amp; il piacere, il quale non &egrave; altro, che riceuere impre$$ione di qualit&agrave; che $ia conforme allo appeti-
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1589 to, &amp; de$iderio, &amp; per&ograve; il piacere dello intelletto &egrave; di apprendere il uero, perche niuna co$a &egrave; piu
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1590 conueniente allo intelletto, che la uerit&agrave;, onde $i dice: Altro diletto ch'imparar non trouo. Il dilet
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1591 to del $en$o &egrave;riceuere qualit&agrave; di qualche oggetto, che conuenga, &amp; corri$ponda al $en$o: co-
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1592 me $i pruoua nelle delicate uiuande, nella $uauit&agrave; de gli odori, nella dolcezza de $uoni, nella ua-</I>
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1593 <pb n="33">
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1594 <I>ghezza delle pitture, &amp; ne i giocondi oggctti de i no$tri $entimenti. &amp; per&ograve; dice Vitr. &amp; bene,
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1595 che pen$amento &egrave; cura piena di $tudio: percioche &egrave; cerca le co$e difficili, &amp; non dimo$trate
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1596 dalla natura, &amp; per meglio i$primere il $uo concetto dice.</I> {<I>E$fetto d'indu$tria &amp; uigilanza
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1597 cerca l'opera propo$ta con dilettatione</I>} <I>Percioche non pen$a bene chi non &egrave; indu$trio$o, &amp;
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1598 uigilante, come era Archimede, il quale comparando gli effetti naturali, &amp; cercandone le
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1599 cagioni, hebbe cau$a di trouare il uero della propo$ta dimanda, come dice Vitr. nel nono libro
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1600 al terzo Capo. &amp; hauendolo trouato da mirabile letitia $oprapre$o, u$cito del bagno ignudo
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1601 correndo gridaua, io l'ho trouato, io l'ho trouato. nel che apparue la pronta, &amp; nobile uiua-
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1602 cit&agrave; dell'ingegno $uo, hauendo in poco $patio applicato il mezo al debito fine, re$tandone $om-
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1603 mamente $atisfatto per la inuentione la quale $econdo Vitr.</I> E dimo$tramento delle o$cure
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1604 dimande, &amp; ragione della co$a ritrouata di nuouo con pre$ta, &amp; mobile uiuacit&agrave;.
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1605 <I>&amp; que$ti $ono i termini della di$po$itione; Dimanda &egrave; propo$ta dubbio$a, dubbio &egrave; po$to tra
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1606 mezo l'affirmare, &amp; il negare. quando adunque lo intelletto &egrave; tra'l $i, &amp; il n&ograve;, egli forma
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1607 una dubbio$a propo$ta, che $i chiama dimanda, ouero qui$tione. &amp; u$a alcune particelle, che
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1608 dimo$trano il modo dello interrogare, &amp; di richiederne la ri$po$ta. come &egrave;. $ei tu buono o no?
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1609 che co$a &egrave; bont&agrave;? d'onde uiene? a chi peruiene? &amp; altre co$e &amp; modi $imiglianti, i quali non
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1610 piegando piu all'affirmatione, che alla negatione, richieggono certa, &amp; indubitata ri$po$ta,
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1611 la quale non puo e$$er ben fatta, $e non da quelli, che haueranno la inuentione per lo pen-
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1612 $amento, &amp; per la indu$tria, &amp; uiuacit&agrave; dello ingegno, &amp; que$ti $ono i termini della di$po-
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1613 $itione: cio&egrave; la di$po$itione &egrave; rinchiu$a nelle tre $opradette maniere, che $ono la pianta, lo
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1614 in pi&egrave;, il profilo.</I> Il bel numero detto Eurithmia, &egrave; a$petto gratio$o, &amp; commoda
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1615 forma nelle compo$itioni de i membri. que$ta $i fa quando i membri dell'opera $ono
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1616 conuenienti, come dell'altezza alla larghezza, della larghezza alla lunghezza, &amp; in fine
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1617 ogni co$a ri$ponda al $uo compartimento proprio.
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1618 <p><I>Suo proprio dico, peroche $e ri$ponde$$e a i compartimenti, &amp; alle $immetrie conuenienti ad
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1619 altre parti, non $arebbe cono$ciuta la gratio$a maniera. &amp; qui $i deue riferire la Eurithmia
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1620 allo a$petto, come Vitruuio dichiara in molti luoghi, nel terzo libro al $econdo Cap. &amp; all'ul
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1621 timo, &amp; nel $e$to al $econdo. Et perche ogni proportione &egrave; nata da i numeri, per&ograve; egli $i
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1622 ha $eruato il nome predetto in ogni co$a, doue $ia proportione. &amp; perche la larghezza, al-
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1623 tezza, &amp; lunghezza delle opere, deue e$$er grata allo a$petto, &amp; que$to non $i fa $enza
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1624 proportione, &amp; doue &egrave; proportione, &egrave; nece$$ario che $i truoui numero; per&ograve; il nome di Eu-
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1625 rithmia &egrave; $tato pigliato. Deue e$$er adunque ogni artificio$o lauoro a gui$a d'un belli$$imo
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1626 uer$o, il quale $e ne corra $econdo le ottime con$onanze $uccedendo le parti l'una all'altra,
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1627 $in che peruenghino all'ordinato fine. Et benche alcuna co$a ottima non $ia, niente di me-
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1628 no puo e$$ere ottimamente ordinata, come egli &egrave; manife$to nelle parti, &amp; membra del corpo
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1629 humano, &amp; nelle co$e artificiali, doue &egrave; la con$onanza, &amp; l'armonia. Imperoche $e bene l'oc
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1630 chio &egrave; piu nobil co$a del piede, pure $e riguardamo l'ufficio di cia$cuno, tanto l'occhio, quan
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1631 to il piede, $aranno nel corpo ottimamente $ituati: in modo che n&egrave; l'occhio $ar&agrave; miglior del pie-
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1632 de, n&egrave; il piede miglior dell'occhio. Similmente &egrave; nella citara: percioche tutte le corde po$-
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1633 $ono e$$er proportionate in modo, che $e alcuna $ar&agrave; tirata, accioche $e le dia $uono migliore,
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1634 non re$ter&agrave; per&ograve; la con$onanza. Il $imile $i richiede nelle opere, nelle quali &egrave; nece$$ario, che
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1635 ci $ia que$to ri$petto di formare con perfetta ragione tutte le parti, che $ono di lor natura
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1636 di$tinte, di modo che tutte concorrino alla bellezza, &amp; dilettino la ui$ta de riguardanti. Co
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1637 me nel cantare $i richiede il con$erto delle uoci, nel quale oltra che le uoci $ono giu$te: oltre
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1638 che conuengono nelle con$onanze, bi$ogna anche un certo temperamento, che faccia dolce,
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1639 &amp; $oaue tutta la armonia, come adiuiene a que mu$ici, che cantano con la $olita compa-
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1640 gnia, perche $i $ono accommodati l'uno all'altro con di$cretione. Que$ta bella maniera s&igrave;
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1641 nella Mu$ica, come nell'Architettura &egrave; detta Eurithmia, madre della gratia, &amp; del dilet-</I>
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1642 <foot><I>E</I></foot>
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1643 <pb n="34">
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1644 <I>to, $i nelle co$e immobili, come in quelle, che $i moueno.</I>
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1645 <p>Il compartimento, &amp; ri$pondenza delle mi$ure detto $immetria, &egrave; conueneuole con
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1646 $entimento da i membri dell'opera, &amp; dalle parti $eparate alla forma di tutta la figura, $e
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1647 condo la rata portione come $i uede nel corpo humano, il quale con il cubito, co'l pie-
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1648 de, col palmo, col dito, &amp; con le altre parti &egrave; commi$urato, co$i adiuiene nelle per-
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1649 fettioni dell'opere. Et prima ne i $acri tempij dalle gro$$ezze delle colonne, ouero
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1650 dal Triglifo. poi nel forame della bali$ta quella co$a, che ui entra, detta Peritriton.
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1651 Simigliantemente nelle naui dallo $pacio, che &egrave; tra un $chelmo all'altro, che per e$$er di
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1652 mi$ura di due cubiti, $i chiama, dipichaichi, &amp; co$i nelle altre opere da i membri lo
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1653 ro $i troua la ragione delle $immetrie, &amp; de i compartimenti.
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1654 <p><I>La $immetria &egrave; la bellezza dell'ordine, come &egrave; la Eurithmia la bellezza della di$po$i-
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1655 tione. Non &egrave; a ba$tanza ordinare le mi$ure una dopo l'altra, ma nece$$ario &egrave;, che quelle mi$u-
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1656 re habbiano conuenienza tra $e, cio&egrave; $iano in qualche proportione; &amp; per&ograve; doue $ar&agrave; propor
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1657 tione, iui non puo e$$ere co$a $uperflua. &amp; $i come il mae$tro della natural proportione, &egrave; lo in$tin
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1658 to della natura, co$i il mae$tro dell'Artificiale &egrave; l'habito dell'Arte: d'onde ne na$ce, che la pro-
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1659 portione &egrave; propria della forma, &amp; non della materia: &amp; doue non $ono parti, non pu&ograve; e$$ere pro-
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1660 portione: perche e$$a na$ce dalle parti compo$te, &amp; dalla relatione di e$$e, &amp; in ogni rela-
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1661 tione &egrave; nece<02>ario almeno, che $iano due termini, come s'&egrave; detto: ne $i pu&ograve; lodare a ba-
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1662 $tanza lo effetto della proportione, nella quale &egrave; po$ta la gloria dello Architetto, la bellez-
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1663 za dell'opera, la merauiglia dello artificio. come $i ueder&agrave; chiaramente quando noi ragio-
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1664 naremo delle proportioni, &amp; apriremo i $ecreti di que$t'Arte, dimo$trando qual ri$petto &egrave;
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1665 nella proportione, quali termini, qual u$o, &amp; quanti effetti, &amp; di che forza ella faccia parere
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1666 le co$e: per&ograve; mi riporto al $uo luogo. Vitruuio fin tanto d&agrave; lo e$$empio di quello, che egli ha det-
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1667 to</I> {<I>Secondo la rata portione,</I>} <I>dicendo.</I> {<I>Come $i uede nel corpo humano.</I>} <I>Hauendo
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1668 Hercole mi$urato il cor$o, &amp; lo $pacio di Pi$a, &amp; trouatolo di piedi $eicento de i $uoi, &amp; e$$en-
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1669 do$i poi nelle altre parti della Grecia fatti quegli $pacij da correre di piedi $eicento, ma piu breui.
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1670 il buon Pithagora comparando quelli cor$i l'uno con l'altro, ritrou&ograve; il piede di Hercole e$$ere
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1671 $tato maggiore de i piedi, con i quali i Greci haueuano mi$urato gli altri $pacij. &amp; $apendo qua-
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1672 le doueua e$$er la proportione del piede alla giu$ta grandezza dell'huomo, compre$e la $tatura di
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1673 Hercole e$$ere $tata tanto maggiore della $tatura de gli altri huomini, quanto il cor$o mi$urato da
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1674 Hercole eccedeua gli altri cor$i della Grecia. Quando adunque le mi$ure $eranno accommoda-
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1675 te alle maniere, non ha dubbio, che dalla grandezza d'una parte non $i cono$ca la mi$ura del-
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1676 l'altra, &amp; con$eguentemente la grandezza del tutto.</I> {<I>Et prima ne i $acri tempij.</I>} <I>Que$to
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1677 ho dichiarito di $opra, che dalla gro$$ezza delle colonne, che ci daua il modulo, $i pigliauano gli
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1678 $pacij tra le colonne, &amp; le altezze di quelle.</I> {<I>Ouero dal Triglipho.</I>} <I>que$to &egrave; un membrello,
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1679 che ha tre canellature come canali, donde prende il nome, &amp; $i mette $opra l'Architraue nelle
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1680 opere Doriche, dal quale $i mi$ura l'opera Dorica, $i come al terzo capo del quarto libro ci $a-
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1681 r&agrave; dichiarito.</I> {<I>Poi nel foro della Bali$ta.</I>} <I>Nella Bali$ta, che &egrave; in$trumento da trarre, egli
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1682 $i fa i fori dalle te$te, ne i quali entra il capo della corda. i fori $i cauano dal pe$o della pietra: &amp;
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1683 da i fori $i caua la mi$ura di quello, che Vitr. chiama $cutula. nel decimo al cap. XVII. &amp; qui
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1684 Peritriton. come dalla palla $i piglia la mi$ura del pezzo dell'artigliaria,</I> {<I>$imigliantemente
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1685 nelle naui, da gli $chelmi, cio&egrave; dallo $pacio, che &egrave; tra il ligamento d'un remo &amp; l'altro, $i piglia
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1686 quella mi$ura, che regola tutto il corpo della galera,</I>} <I>co$i trouo che $i o$$erua nel fabricar le
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1687 galere, &amp; per que$to io ho e$po$to Vitruuio in que$to modo. ma $eguitiamo.</I>
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1688 <p>Decoro &egrave; a$petto $enza menda dell'opera prouato per le co$e compo$te con autorit&agrave;.
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1689 <p><I>Io e$poner&ograve; decoro per le co$e che $egueno, ma in uero Vitr. lo abbraccia $otto nome di orna-
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1690 mento, quando egli dice,</I> {<I>a$petto $enza menda,</I>} <I>benche nella $econda parte $i tegna al
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1691 decoro, quando dice,</I> {<I>prouato per le co$e compo$te con autorit&agrave;.</I>} <I>&amp; lo e$$empio di Vitru.</I>
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1692 <pb n="35">
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1693 <I>molto bene ce lo dimo$tra.</I> Que$to &egrave; con$umato o per $tanza, o per con$uetudine, o per
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1694 natura: per $tanza, quando a Gioue folgoratore, al Cielo, al Sole, &amp; alla Luna $i fanno
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1695 gli edifici $coperti, &amp; all'aere. Percioche noi uedemo le forme, &amp; gli effetti pre$enti
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1696 nello aperto, &amp; lucente mondo. A Minerua, &amp; a Marte, &amp; ad Hercole $i fanno i tem-
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1697 pij di maniera Dorica: percioche a que$ti Dei per la uirtu loro $i conuiene fare le fabri-
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1698 che $enza delicatezze, &amp; tenerezze. Ma a Venere a Flora, &amp; alle Ninfe delle fonti $e $a-
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1699 ranno fatte l'opere Corinthic, pareranno hauere conueniente propriet&agrave;; perche a que-
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1700 $ti Dei per la loro tenerezza l'opere $ottili, &amp; floride, ornate di foglie, &amp; di uolute pa-
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1701 reranno accre$cere il debito ornamento. Ma a Giunone, a Diana, al Padre Baccho, &amp;
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1702 a gli altri Dei che $ono di quella $imiglianza facendo$i i lauori Ionichi, egli $i hauer&agrave; ri
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1703 guardo alla uia di mezo: percioche &amp; dalla $euerit&agrave; della maniera Dorica, &amp; dalla delica-
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1704 tezza della Ionica $ar&agrave; la loro propriet&agrave; moderata.
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1705 <p><I>Dalle parole di Vitr. il prudente Architetto puo trarre molti belli documenti cerca il Decoro,
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1706 &amp; gli adornamenti, che conuengono alle fabriche de i no$tri tempi. Imperoche $e bene noi non
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1707 hauemo i Dei fal$i, &amp; buggiardi, non manca per&ograve; l'occa$ione di $eruare il Decoro nelle chie$e
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1708 con$ecrate a i ueri amici del uero Dio, &amp; anche alla Maie$t&agrave; di quello; &amp; come che molti $ono,
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1709 &amp; differenti nello $plendore di diuer$e uirtuti, come le $telle del cielo differenti $ono in chiarez
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1710 za; egli $i pu&ograve; bene u$are ogni maniera conueniente, &amp; propria a gli effetti di cia$cuno. L'Au
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1711 $terit&agrave; de i $anti, che nella uita $olitaria $i $ono macerati in digiuni, uigilie, &amp; orationi ricer
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1712 ca $odi, &amp; inculti lauori. La $emplicit&agrave;, &amp; purit&agrave; Virginale i piu gentili, &amp; delicati: &amp; $imil-
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1713 mente la moderata uita ricerca la temperatura dell'una, &amp; dell'altra parte. Ma non $i deue cre-
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1714 dere, che $olamente habbiano ad e$$ere tre maniere di opere, perche Vitru. ne habbia tre $ole
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1715 numerate. percioche egli$te$$o nel quarto libro al $ettimo cap. ui aggiugne la To$cana, &amp; dice
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1716 anche che ui $ono altre maniere, &amp; i moderni ne fanno, &amp; la ragione lo richiede, per fare differen-
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1717 za da i nostri $anti alli Dei fal$i de gli antichi, &amp; &egrave; in potere d'uno circon$petto &amp; prudente Ar-
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1718 chitetto di componere con ragione di mi$ure molte altre maniere, $eruando il Decoro, &amp; non $er-
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1719 uendo a $uoi capricci. Ma le tre $opradette maniere $ono le piu nominate.</I>
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1720 <p>Ma alla con$uetudine in que$to modo $i exprime il decoro. quando alle parti di dentro
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1721 de gli edificij magnifiche $i daranno l'entrate, &amp; i ne$tibuli conuenienti, &amp; belli, percio-
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1722 che non $ar&agrave; di decoro, &amp; ornamento, $e le parte interiori $aranno fatte con eleganza, &amp;
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1723 le intrate ba$$e, &amp; uergogno$e. Simigliantemente $e ne gli Architraui Dorici $i $colpi=
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1724 ranno nelle cornici i dentelli, ouero $e ne i capitelli puluinati, o ne gli architraui Ionichi
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1725 $aranno cauati gli Triglifi. traportando$i da un'altra ragione le propriet&agrave; in altro lauoro, $i
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1726 offender&agrave; il uedere, per e$$er prima la u$anza altrimenti.
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1727 <p><I>Proprio &egrave; nel gocciolatoio Ionico $colpire i dentelli; que$ti $e nella opera Dorica $aranno trapor-
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1728 tati, come fece colui il quale fabric&ograve; il Theatro, che Augu$to fece fare in nome di Marcello $uo ni
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1729 pote, offender&agrave; gli occhi a$$uefatti ad altra ueduta: $imilmente far&agrave; colui, il quale ne gli architra
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1730 ui Ionichi far&agrave; i membretti canelati, che $i chiamano Triglifi. percioche que$ti $ono proprij della
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1731 maniera Dorica, come Vitr. ci dimo$tra nel quarto libro. Io la$cio al luogo $uo la dichiar atio-
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1732 ne di molti uocabuli, per non ritardare la intentione di chi de$idera $apere ordinatamente.</I>
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1733 <p>Il decoro naturale $ar&agrave;, $e prima per fabricare tutti i Tempij $i far&agrave; elettione di luo-
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1734 ghi $ommamente $ani, &amp; delle fonti delle acque idonee, in quelle parti, doue $i hanno a
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1735 fare le $acre ca$e $aranno eletti; Et $pecialmente dopo ad E$culapio, alla Salute, &amp; a que-
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1736 gli dei, per le medicine de i quali molti infermi pare, che $iano ri$anati; perche quando i
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1737 corpi ammalati $aranno traportati di pe$tilente in luogo $ano, &amp; dalle fonti $alubri $aran=
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1738 no loro le buone acque recate, molto piu pre$to ricouereranno la $anit&agrave;, &amp; co$i auenir&agrave; che
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1739 dalla natura del luogo, l'opinione della diuinit&agrave; con grandezza, &amp; credito $i faccia maggio
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1740 re. Appre$$o le dette co$e, il decoro naturale $ar&agrave;, $e per le $tanze, oue $i dorme, &amp; per
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1741 <foot><I>E</I> 2</foot>
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1742 <pb n="36">
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1743 le librarie $i piglier&agrave; i lumi dal leuante; per li bagni, &amp; per li luoghi del uerno
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1744 dalla parte, doue il $ol tramonta la inuernata: per le cancellarie, o $crittoi, &amp; per quel-
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1745 li, che richiedeno certa egualit&agrave; di lumi, dal $ettentrione: perche quella parte del cielo,
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1746 non $i fa piu chiara, n&egrave; piu o$cura per lo cor$o del $ole, ma &egrave; certa, &amp; non $i muta in tut-
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1747 to'l giorno.
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1748 <p><I>Perche Vitr. nel quinto libro al decimo, &amp; nel $e$to al $ettimo capo ragiona delle dette co$e,
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1749 &amp; $imilmente nel quinto al duodecimo, &amp; in altri luoghi ragiona del decoro, &amp; della bellezza,
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1750 io non uoglio preuertire con dichiaratione di parole la intelligenza ri$eruata al luogo $uo. Ba$ti-
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1751 mi dire che la bellezza, &amp; decoro &egrave; relatione di tutta l'opera allo a$petto, &amp; &agrave; quello, che $ta be
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1752 ne, a che &egrave; l'opera indrizzata, $eruan do l'u$anza, &amp; la commodit&agrave; della natura.</I>
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1753 <p>La di$tributione &egrave; commoda, &amp; utile di$pen$atione delle co$e, che bi$ognano, &amp; del
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1754 luogo, et moderato temperamento della $pe$a fatta con ragione. Que$ta $i o$$eruer&agrave;
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1755 $e prima lo Architetto non cercher&agrave; quelle co$e, che non $i po$$ono trouare, o preparare
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1756 $enza grandi$sima $pe$a. percioche non in ogni luogo $i caua la rena, n&egrave; per tutto &egrave; copia
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1757 di cementi, di abeti, di $appine, di marmi. Ma una co$a in un luogo, &amp; altra in altra
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1758 parte $i truoua, &amp; le condotte di tali co$e $ono difficili, &amp; di molta $pe$a, &amp; per&ograve; doue non
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1759 $i puo cauare $abbione di fo$$e, u$i$i quello di fiume, ouero l'arena del mare ben lauata.
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1760 Fuggiranno$i i bi$ogni de gli abeti, &amp; delle $appine, u$ando$i il cipre$$o, il poppio l'ol-
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1761 mo, ouero il pino. Etin tal maniera $i e$pedir&agrave; le altre co$e. Euui un'altro grado di di-
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1762 $tributione; quando $i fabrica all'u$o de i padri di famiglia, ouero $econdo la commodit&agrave;
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1763 del dinaro, ouero $econdo la dignit&agrave; della bellezza. percioche egli pare che altrimenti s'hab
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1764 biano a fare le ca$e nella citt&agrave;, da quelle, nelle quali s'hanno &agrave; riponere i frutti delle uille;
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1765 &amp; non $ar&agrave; quello i$te$$o il fabricare per li mercanti gabellieri, &amp; per li dilicati &amp; quieti.
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1766 Ma le habitationi de i grandi, che con i loro graui pen$ieri gouernano la republica $i deono
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1767 fabricare all'u$o loro, &amp; in $omma le di$tributioni de gli edificij conuiene e$$er fatte $econ-
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1768 do le per$one.
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1769 <p><I>Come le maniere del parlare, che $i chiamano idee, $ono qualit&agrave; dell'oratione conueniente alle
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1770 co$e, &amp; alle per$one, co$i le maniere de gli edificij $ono qualit&agrave; dell'arte conueniente alle co$e, &amp;
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1771 alle per$one. &amp; $i come &agrave; formare una idea dell'or atione otto co$e $ono nece$$arie, cio&egrave; la $enten-
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1772 za, che &egrave; lo intendimento dell'huomo; lo artificio, col quale come con certo in$trumento $i leua il
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1773 concetto; le parole che e$primono i concetti; la compo$itione di quelle, con i colori, &amp; figure; il
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1774 mouimento delle parti, che numero $i chiama; &amp; la chiu$a &amp; il fine della compo$itione: co$i per
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1775 i$pedire una maniera delle arti, $ei co$e $ono nece$$arie, &amp; que$te gi&agrave; qua$i tutti hauemo e$pcdite.
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1776 Re$ta $olamente la di$tributione, la quale &amp; nell'arte del dire, &amp; nella cura publica, &amp; priua-
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1777 ta &egrave; $ommamente nece$$aria, &amp; molto $i apprezza. Que$ta pare, che con il decoro conuegna ri-
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1778 ferendo$i alle co$e, &amp; alle per$one. ma &egrave; differente. perche il decoro $i riferi$ce alle co$e, &amp; alle
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1779 per$one in quella parte che &egrave; conueneuole, &amp; d'ornamento, &amp; hone$t&agrave;, ma la di$tributione in
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1780 quella parte che &egrave; utile, &amp; commoda, come $i ueder&agrave; nel $e$to libro all'ottauo cap. nel quale Vitr.
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1781 pare che habbia uoluto dichiarare la pre$ente parte. Hora egli &egrave; da auuertire che $e bene Vitr.
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1782 ha applicato le predette $ei co$e alla fabrica de i tempij, &amp; delle ca$e, per e$$er co$e principali, pe-
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1783 r&ograve; egli $i deue applicarle a tutte le altre co$e, &amp; opere, che $i fanno come machine, in$trumenti,
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1784 horologi, &amp; altre co$e $ottopo$te alla Architettura, &amp; tanto $ia detto dell'habito, &amp; della for-
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1785 ma che deue e$$ere nell'animo, &amp; nel pen$iero dello Architetto, accioche egli meriti, co$i de-
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1786 gno, &amp; celebrato nome.</I>
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1787 <pb n="37">
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1788 <HEAD><I>Delle parti dell' Architettura. Cap. III.</I></HEAD>
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1789 <p>LE parti dell' Architettura $ono tre Edificatione, Gnomonica, Machinatione.
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1790 <I>Tempo &egrave; che io $atisfaccia hormai alla prome$$a di e$ponere le parti della Architet-
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1791 tura: per&ograve; con quella breuit&agrave;, che mi $ar&agrave; conce$$a i$primere intendo tutta la forma
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1792 intiera, &amp; unita dell' Architettura, &amp; dimo$trare ordinatamente le parti$ue, ac-
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1793 cioche $i rinchiuda ne i termini $uoi tutto il corpo di quella. Il $apere non &egrave; altro che cono$cere
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1794 gli effetti per le proprie cau$e. ogni effetto &egrave; fatto da alcuna co$a, di qualche co$a, ad alcun fine,
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1795 con alcun modo, &amp; forma. Quello, che fa &egrave; detto agente; la co$a di che $i fa, &egrave; chiamata Mate-
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1796 ria: quella &agrave; cui s'indrizza, &egrave; detta Fine; quella, che compie, &amp; rende perfetta in e$$ere &egrave; nomi-
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1797 nata forma. Le cau$e principali adunque $ono quattro. Noi dello agente artificio$o, quale egli
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1798 $i $ia, &amp; di che conditione e$$er debbia gia detto hauemo quando &amp; l'ufficio, &amp; le uirt&ugrave; dello
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1799 Architetto narrammo. La forma $imilmente in uniuar$ale &egrave; $tata e$po$ta. Re$taci a dire della
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1800 materia, &amp; del fine. Et per piu chiara intelligenza in $omma dicemo, che ad imitatione delle co-
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1801 $e naturali, con$ideramo nelle artificiali due co$e. L'una &egrave; lo e$$ere, l'altra il bene e$$ere. cerca
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1802 lo e$$ere con$ideramo la mat eria, la forma, &amp; il compo$to dell' una &amp; dell' altra. circa il bene e$-
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1803 $ere con$ideramo gli adornamenti, &amp; gli acconciamenti delle co$e. Et perche molti $trumenti ci
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1804 bi$ognano per componere la materia con la forma, per&ograve; &egrave; nece$$ario trattare de gli in$trumenti, &amp;
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1805 delle machine. &amp; la ragione delle $opradette co$e in tal modo $i e$pone. L'arte quanto puo imita
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1806 la natura: Et que$to adiuiene per che il principio dell' arte, che &egrave; lo intelletto humano, ha gran $i-
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1807 miglianza col principio, che muoue la natura, che &egrave; una intelligenza. dalla $imiglianza delle
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1808 uirt&ugrave;, &amp; de i principij na$ce la $imiglianza dell' operare, che per hora chiameremo imitatione.
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1809 Que$ta imitatione $i uede in tutte le Arti, ma molto maggiormente in quella che &egrave; giudice di tutte.
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1810 imitaremo adunque la natura nel trattam&emacr;to dell' Arte. La doue l'Architettura cio&egrave; la $cienza di
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1811 chiara la materia, la forma, &amp; la compo$itione delle opere, &amp; imitando la natura per l'occulta
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1812 uirt&ugrave; del $uo principio, procede dalle co$e meno perfette alle piu perfette: &amp; prima pone le co$e in
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1813 e$$ere, &amp; poile adorna; percioche non $i puo adornare quello, che non &egrave;. Ma perche il princi-
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1814 pio, che regge la natura, &egrave; d'infinita $apienza, ottimo, &amp; potenti$$imo, per&ograve; fa le co$e $ue belle,
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1815 utili, &amp; durabili: conueneuolmente lo Architetto imitando il fattor della natura deue riguar da-
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1816 re alta bellezza, utilit&agrave;, &amp; fermezza delle opere. Trattando adunque della forma bi$ogna,
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1817 che egli $appia ordinare, di$ponere, mi$urare, di$tribuire, ornare, &amp; $atisfare al diletto de gli
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1818 occhi con bella, &amp; gratio$a maniera. &amp; per cio fare $ia egli in$tituito con quelle conditioni, che
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1819 $ono contenute nel primo capo, &amp; con quelle, che nel $econdo $i leggeno. Sotto nome di forma
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1820 compre$i $ono i lineamenti, &amp; i $iti delle co$e, la doue $i con$idera la ragione con tutte le $ue quali-
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1821 t&agrave;, occulte, &amp; manife$te, buone, &amp; ree; il piano, il compartimento di quello, la eleuatione del
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1822 la fronte, &amp; de i lati, le apriture, i coperti, con ogni lor conditione, ammae$tramento, &amp; re-
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1823 gola, come $i dir&agrave; poi. Seguita quella con$ideratione, che appartiene alla materia. ma prima, che
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1824 la materia $ia di$po$ta, &amp; apparecchiata, bi$ogna con$iderare, che lo ingegno dell' huomo &egrave; im-
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1825 perfetto, &amp; di gran lung a inferiore allo intelletto diuino. &amp; la materia (come $i dice) &egrave; $orda,
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1826 &amp; non ri$ponde alla intentione dell' arte; Et per&ograve; prima, che lo Architetto $i dia &agrave; cominciar le
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1827 opere deue imitare lo agente naturale, il quale non opera $e non $econdo il $uo potere; co$i far&agrave;
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1828 lo Architetto con$iderando l'opera, &amp; la $pe$a. Et perche la natura nelle co$e piu perfette, &amp;
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1829 piu tempo, &amp; piu diligenza ui mette per&ograve; lo Architetto ha da pen$ar molto bene; &amp; per fare piu
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1830 certa la riu$cita delle opere, col di$egno, &amp; col modello $i mouer&agrave;, prima udendo anche i meno e$per
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1831 ti, &amp; la$ciando raffreddare lo affetto, per dar luogo al giuditio, imiter&agrave; la natura, che contra il
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1832 $uo fattore non opera co$a alcuna; per&ograve; egli non cercher&agrave; co$e impo$$ibili, &amp; quanto alla mate-</I>
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1833 <pb n="38">
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1834 <I>ria, &amp; quanto alla forma, che n&egrave; egli, n&egrave; altri le po$$a finire, con$iderando, che il fattor del mon
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1835 do uolendo quello formare, fece di niente la materia delle co$e. &amp; la natura come primo $uo par-
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1836 to, mancando di tanto potere, &amp; pur uolendo a$$imigliar$i al $uo fattore, nella generatione delle
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1837 co$e piglia quella materia, che ha uno e$$er, ma $enza forma con potenza, &amp; habilit&agrave; a riceuere
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1838 ogni forma. Et di quella fa cio, che $i troua di $en$ibile, &amp; corporale. Onde l'arte o$$eruatrice
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1839 della natura, come nipote (dir&ograve; co$i) del primo fattore, uolendo anche ella fare alcuna co$a pren
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1840 de la materia, che le d&agrave; la natura in e$$er di forma $en$ibile, &amp; naturale; come &egrave; il legno, il
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1841 ferro, &amp; la pietra; &amp; forma quella materia di quella idea, &amp; di quel $egno, che nella mente del-
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1842 lo artefice &egrave; ripo$to. Apparecchiato adunque il dinaro, accio niente $ia, che lo impedi$ca, pro-
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1843 uedera$$i della materia, della quale $i tralta nel $econdo libro. La principal materia, che u$a lo
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1844 Architetto &egrave; la pietra, il legno, &amp; quelle co$e, che componeno, &amp; metteno in$ieme il legno, &amp;
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1845 la pietra, per&ograve; nel predetto libro con$idera le pietre, &amp; gli alberi, l'arena, &amp; la calce, &amp; par-
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1846 titamente la natura, la qualit&agrave;, l'u$o, &amp; il modo di tutte le co$e, ragionando di quella materia,
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1847 che la natura, &amp; l'u$o ne apporta. perche di quella a che la nece$$it&agrave; ci a$trigne, non accade ra-
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1848 gionarne: e<02>endo in diuer$i luoghi diuer$a, come bitume, cocciole, &amp; altre co$e, che in luogo
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1849 di pietre, o d'arena $i u$ano, doue non $i troua n&egrave; arena, n&egrave; pietre. in alcuni luoghi $i cuopreno
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1850 le ca$e con te$tugini; alcuni con cannuccie, &amp; palme, altri u$ano il cuoio: del ferro, &amp; de gli
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1851 altri metalli non $i ragiona, perche le loro nature, &amp; qualit&agrave; $ono piu conformi, &amp; hanno
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1852 meno differenze, che le co$e dette di $opra. preparata dunque la materia, &amp; con$iderata la for-
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1853 ma in uniuer$ale, ci re$ta a dire della compo$itione. Ma prima egli $i deue auuertire, che lo agen
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1854 te, che regge la natura, &egrave; d'infinite idee ripieno, &amp; ordinatamente procedendo muoue le cau$e ad
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1855 un'ad una, infondendo le uirt&ugrave; $econdo la libert&agrave; del $uo uolere: quelle cau$e co$i mo$$e, portano
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1856 qua giu quel diuino influ$$o con ordine merauiglio$o. La doue dal primo e$$ere, dalla prima uita,
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1857 &amp; dal primo intelletto, ogni e$$ere, ogni uita, ogni intelletto dipende. Il che e$$endo in que$to
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1858 modo: bi$ogna che lo Architetto $ia $aggio, &amp; buono: $aggio in cono$cere per le regole della non
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1859 fucata a$trologia, itempi atti a dar principio alle opere, trala$ciando gli ardenti$$imi, $oli, &amp; gli
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1860 acuti$$imi giacci. buono, s&igrave; in fatti non e$$endo auaro, n&egrave; dato a uitij, s&igrave; in parole, pregando il da
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1861 tore di tutte le forme, che lo $pogli d'ignoranza, &amp; lo $uegli a partorire le belle muentioni con pro-
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1862 $pero, &amp; felice $ucce$$o dell' arte $ua, a beneficio delle genti. Hora per ritornare a propo$ito,
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1863 io dico, che non $olamente imitar $i deue la natura, nel modo piu uniuer$ale, &amp; commune, ma
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1864 $empre al meno, &amp; piu ri$tretto di$cendere. per il che gli Architettti $i deono sforzare, di fare
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1865 l'opere loro, a qualche effetto di natura $imiglianti. Et non e$$endo qua giu co$a, che in perfet-
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1866 tione all' huomo s'aguaglie; belli$$imo e$$empio ci dar&agrave; in ogni artificio il con$iderare la proportio-
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1867 ne del corpo humano. Certo &egrave;, che la natura nella generatione dell' huomo dimo$tra ueramente
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1868 a quello douer$i riferire tutte le co$e, la doue lo rende perfetto; &amp; perci&ograve; di molte parti, come di
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1869 molti in$trumenti dotato in $eruigio dell' anima, &amp; della uita $i uede. Delle dette parti alcune
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1870 $ono di nome, &amp; di natura $imiglianti, come il $angue, l'o$$a, inerui; imperoche ogni parte di
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1871 $angue, &egrave; $angue, ogni parte di o$$o &egrave; o$$o, &amp; ogni parte di neruo &egrave; neruo, &amp; co$i uien chiama-
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1872 to. Altre $ono di nature, &amp; uocaboli diuer$i, come &egrave; la mano, il piede, il capo: imperoche
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1873 non ogni parte della mano &egrave; mano, o uien detta mano; &amp; co$i del piede, &amp; del capo $i dir&agrave;.
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1874 Delle prime parti $imiglianti $i fanno le $econde, &amp; que$te nel corpo hanno ufficij, &amp; fini diuer$i.
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1875 Volendo adunque lo Architetto far l'opera $ua in modo, che ella $ia una intiera, &amp; unita, bi$o-
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1876 gna, che egli con$ideri le parti principali, accioche $i dia loro materia che conuenga, &amp; buona
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1877 $ia per le opere ad imitatione di natura, che d&agrave; luogo conueniente, &amp; ben preparato, nel quale
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1878 per tanto $pacio di tempo s'habbiano &agrave; formare compiutamente le membra humane, gettando pri
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1879 ma per fondamento della uita, del $en$o, &amp; del mouimento, i $egni del cuore, del fegato, &amp;
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1880 del ceruello. Lo Architetto hauer&agrave; la con$ideratione, del luogo, del modo, delle parti, &amp; u$o
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1881 di e$$e: &amp; per&ograve; $egue che la materia $ia e$pedita $econdo l'u$o delle parti. Quanto adunque al</I>
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1882 <pb n="39">
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1883 <I>luogo $i uede per certi $egni, &amp; inditij le qualit&agrave; del terreno, o$$eruan$i alcune regole, &amp; $i dan-
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1884 no alcuni ammae$tramenti. D'indi alla dichiaratione delle altre co$e $i ragiona delle pietre $econ
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1885 do la quantit&agrave;, &egrave; figura loro, affine che ci $eruiamo $econdo l'u$o. il $imigliante $i dir&agrave; della calce,
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1886 con quelle o$$eruationi, che $eruiranno al bi$ogno. &amp; pa$$ando piu oltre $i dir&agrave; il modo di ponere
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1887 in$ieme le pietre con la calce. &amp; con belli auuertimenti pre$i dalla natura delle co$e, $i far&agrave; con-
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1888 $ideratione delle fondamenta, &amp; poi delle parti della fabrica, che $ono $opra il fondamento. le
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1889 quali $ono i panimenti, i pareti, imuri, &amp; i tetti con tutte le maniere di murature abbracciate
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1890 da Vitr. nel $econdo libro. &amp; co$i l'o$$a, i $o$tegni, l'apriture, i legamenti, i cor$i, i riempimen-
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1891 ti chiaramente $i daranno ad intendere &amp; que$ta &egrave; particolare, &amp; di$tinta ragione della Archi-
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1892 tettura, ma ancora non i$pedita. imperoche fin hora non $i ha hauuto alcuna con$ideratione del
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1893 fine, che &egrave; quello che pone forza, &amp; nece$$it&agrave; a i mezi, &amp; con$titui$ce ogni arte, (come dice Ga-
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1894 leno) operando adunque lo Architetto affine, che gli huomini $otto l'unione, alla quale per natu-
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1895 ra $ono inclinati, commodi &amp; $icuri uiuino, &amp; $iano l'un l'altro di giouamento: nece$$erio &egrave; con
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1896 $iderare la diuer$it&agrave; de gli huomini, accioche $i proueda al bi$ogno. Vedendo adunque noi un gran
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1897 numero d'huomini ad un fine in$ieme raunati, potemo con$ider are tutto quel numero in $e $te<02>o,
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1898 potemo anche di$correre tra quella moltitudine, &amp; trouarui per entro qualche differenza delle
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1899 per$one. Se noi con$ideramo tutta la raunanza in$ieme nece<02>ario diremo, che $e le faccia
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1900 una citt&agrave; con tutte quelle parti, che per tutta quella raunanza utili, &amp; $icure $aranno.
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1901 Et per&ograve; prima $i hauer&agrave; ri$petto all' ampiezza, &amp; giro, nel quale $i hauer&agrave; a rinchiudere
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1902 quella moltitudine, &amp; per&ograve; $i tratter&agrave; della $ua capacit&agrave;, &amp; grandezza, &amp; poi delle mura, nel-
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1903 le quali $i far&agrave; con$ider atione della dife$a, onde egli $i ordiner&agrave; la fabrica delle torri, &amp; di quel-
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1904 le parti, che. $i chiamano baloardi, caualieri piatcforme, porte, riuellini, &amp; $aracine$-
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1905 che, poi $i compartir&agrave; il piano rinchiu$o dalle mura per commodo d'ognuno, percioche tutto
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1906 non deue e<02>er fabricato n&egrave; tutto uoto. per&ograve; $i tratter&agrave; delle piazze &amp; uie publiche, delle
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1907 $trade, &amp; androne, &amp; calli, hauendo $empre ri$petto, che non $iano battute da i uenti.
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1908 come $i dir&agrave; poi. Oltra di que$to, perche ne i luoghi delle citt&agrave; $ogliono pa$$are fiumi, ouero
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1909 altre acque condotte, per lequali $i conduceno le merci, &amp; le uettouaglie, per&ograve; &egrave; nece$$aria
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1910 la fabrica de i ponti, &amp; de i porti per la commodit&agrave; d'ognuno. Ma uolgendoci noi alle di$tin-
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1911 tion delle per$one troueremo altri e$$er piu degni, altri meno, &amp; tra i degni, ouero uno ca-
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1912 po $olo, ouero molti. &amp; quel capo o per elettione di molti, &amp; permi$$ione di leggi, o per uio-
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1913 lenza, &amp; for za. nel primo ca$o ci apparir&agrave; il Principe, nel $econdo il Tiranno. dal fine di
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1914 cia$cuno prender&agrave; lo Architetto la di$po$itione delle fabriche, &amp; delle habitationi facendo
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1915 al Principe il pallazzo, &amp; al Tiranno la rocca. Tra i molti degni ritrouer&agrave;, che alcuni$ono
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1916 dedicati alla religione, altri fuori dell' o$$eruanze della religione. di que$ti altri $aranno at-
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1917 ti ad u$cir fuori per la republica, altri per regger quella di dentro la citta. di quelli, che $ono
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1918 atti ad u$cire, altri al mare, altri alla terra $i daranno, &amp; chi prender&agrave; il mare hauer&agrave; bi-
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1919 $ogno di nauali, cio&egrave; Arzane di naui, di munitione &amp; porti; &amp; per&ograve; l'Architetto deue an-
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1920 che hauere con$ideratione di quelle fabriche, che conuengono al mare. Ma chi prender&agrave; la
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1921 terra come capitano, &amp; condottore di e$$erciti hauer&agrave; bi$ogno di alloggiamenti, $teccati, for-
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1922 li, d'artigliarie, machine, &amp; in$trumenti diuer$i per dife$a, &amp; offe$a. alle quai tutte co$e l'Ar
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1923 chitetto deue dare ordine. Ma perche quelli, che $tanno dentro al gouerno, ouero $ono pre$i-
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1924 denti alle controuer$ie ciuili, &amp; criminali, ouero $ono con$ultori delle co$e di $tato: per&ograve; &egrave;
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1925 nece$$ario per li giudici il foro, &amp; per li $enatori il $enato &amp; la curia, &amp; co$i le per$one
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1926 degne, che non $ono dedicate al culto diuino della religione haueranno conuenienti habita-
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1927 tioni. Ma a gli o$$eruatori della religione $i faranno i mona$teri, i chio$tri, gli ho$pitali,
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1928 per gli huomini, &amp; per le donne, come ricerca l'u$o, &amp; il decoro d'ogni per$ona, et $pecial-
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1929 mente $i metter&agrave; ogni ind<*>$tria nella fabrica delle chie$e, &amp; de i $acri tempij. Ma perche
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1930 $ono alcune opere, che n&egrave; in tutto publiche, n&egrave; in tutto prinate $i deono chiamare: per&ograve; di</I>
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1931 <pb n="40">
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1932 <I>quelle anche $i deue hauer cura, alcune delle quali $ono per con$erua delle co$e da uiuere, o
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1933 da mercantare, alcune per difen$ione, &amp; aiuto, come $ono i fondachi, le dogane, i magaze-
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1934 ni, la Cecca, gli armamenti, i luoghi delle munitioni. alcune all' u$o come bagni, acquedotti,
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1935 &amp; $imil co$e. Altre al diletto $eruono, &amp; alle fe$te, come $ono i theatri, gli amphiteatri, le
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1936 loggie, i luoghi diputati al cor$o, &amp; a giuochi diuer$i. altre all' honore, &amp; alla memoria, co
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1937 me gli archi, i trofei, le $epolture, le mete, gli obeli$chi, &amp; le piramidi. Altre in fine a i
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1938 rei huomini $i fanno, come il carcere, che &egrave; con$eruatore della giu$titia. &amp; tutte le predet
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1939 te fabriche hanno del publico, &amp; del priuato in un certo modo, come $i puo ben con$ider an-
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1940 do uedere. Ma le per$one $enza grado $ono gli huomini cittadine$chi, gli artefici, gli agri-
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1941 coltori. &amp; per&ograve; con$iderando lo Archit etto la commodit&agrave;, &amp; la conditione d'ognuno, non la-
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1942 $cier&agrave; a dietro maniera alcuna di priuato edificio s&igrave; nella citt&agrave;, come nella uilla. &amp; con que
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1943 $to $i dar&agrave; fine a quella parte, che tratta dello e$$er delle co$e: riuolgendo$i poi al ben e$$er trat
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parents:
diff changeset
1944 ter&agrave; de gli ornamenti, adornando la citt&agrave;, le fortezze, i tempij, i palazzi, le ca$e, le $trade,
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parents:
diff changeset
1945 i ponti, gli archi, le $epolture, &amp; in $omma ogni opera publica, &amp; priuata. Di que$ta $i trat
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1946 ta nel $ettimo libro. Finalmente perche a fare $i grandi, &amp; belle opere ci bi$ognano molti in-
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parents:
diff changeset
1947 $trumenti, ne i quali oltra la natura delle co$e, l'arte dimo$tra la forza $ua, &amp; la materia
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parents:
diff changeset
1948 &amp; $oggetto d'ogni opera, &amp; la potenza dello agente la fa e$$ere quello, che ella non era; &amp;
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diff changeset
1949 que$to con diuer$i in$trumenti, per e$$ere lo in$trumento mezano tra lo operante, &amp; la co$a ope
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parents:
diff changeset
1950 rata: per&ograve; il $aggio Architetto tratta de gli in$trumenti, &amp; delle machine, da leuare, tirare,
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1951 &amp; mouere i pe$i, &amp; di tutte altre $orti d'artigliarie: &amp; perche il tempo &egrave; mi$ura delle opera-
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parents:
diff changeset
1952 tioni de gli huomini, &amp; della natura, &amp; il mouimento de i corpi cele$ti, &amp; $pecialmente del pri
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parents:
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1953 mo ua in$ieme col tempo, &amp; ci apporta il Sole, &amp; la Luna, come quelli che di$tingueno i giorni
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parents:
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1954 &amp; le notti: per&ograve;, accioche gli huomini comparti$chino le hore, &amp; i tempi delle loro operatio-
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parents:
diff changeset
1955 ni, lo Architetto $i uolger&agrave; con gli occhi al cielo, &amp; $eruendo$i di que bei lumi, con arti-
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parents:
diff changeset
1956 ficio$i lineamenti de$criuer&agrave; gli horologi da Sole qua$i mettendoci il cielo nelle mani: &amp; que$ta
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diff changeset
1957 &egrave; la $omma dell' Architettura, laquale ($e ben $i con$idera) abbraccia ogni commodo, &amp; dilet
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parents:
diff changeset
1958 to dell' humana generatione. &amp; con lo $opradetto di$cor$o potemo andare $icuramente alla di-
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parents:
diff changeset
1959 chiaratione del pre$ente Capo. dice adunqne Vitruuio diuidendo l'Architettura.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
1960 <p>Le parti dell' Architettura $ono tre, Edificatione, Gnomonica, &amp; Machinatione. La
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parents:
diff changeset
1961 edificatione &egrave; diui$a in due parti. una &egrave; la collocatione delle mura, &amp; delle opere com-
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parents:
diff changeset
1962 muni, ne i luoghi publici, l'altra &egrave; la e$plicatione de i priuati edificij.
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parents:
diff changeset
1963 <p><I>Dapoi che Vitruuio ci ha dimo$trato che co$a e$$er deue nella mente dello Architetto prima,
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parents:
diff changeset
1964 che egli uenghi all' opera, hora egli ci mo$tra in quante co$e egli ha da porre le $ei predette
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parents:
diff changeset
1965 forme: &amp; dice, che l'ordine, la $immetria, la di$po$itione, la di$tributione, il decoro, &amp; la
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parents:
diff changeset
1966 eurithmia $i hanno ad e$$ercitare in tre co$e principalmente, che egli chiama parti dell' Ar-
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parents:
diff changeset
1967 chitettura, &amp; $ono parti materiali: &amp; la prima &egrave; la Edificatione, &amp; fabrica; la $econda Gno
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parents:
diff changeset
1968 monica, la terza Machinatione. Fabrica &egrave; nome generale, &amp; particolare; in generale fa-
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parents:
diff changeset
1969 brica &egrave; arte, &amp; componimento d'alcuna co$a, come latinamente Fabbro &egrave; detto ogni ope-
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parents:
diff changeset
1970 rario. Similmente machinatione &egrave; quello i$te$$o, che &egrave; fabrica in generale; ma quando l'uno,
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parents:
diff changeset
1971 &amp; l'altro nome &egrave; pre$o in particolare', fabrica s'intende edificatione, &amp; machinatione s'inten-
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parents:
diff changeset
1972 de arte di fare le machine: della quale $i tratta nel decimo libro. la edificatione ha due parti,
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parents:
diff changeset
1973 l'una &egrave; la collocatione delle mura, &amp; delle opere communi ne i publici luoghi. di que$ta $i trat-
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parents:
diff changeset
1974 ta ne i primi cinque uolumi. L'altra &egrave; la e$plicatione de i priuati edificij, delli quali $i trat-
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parents:
diff changeset
1975 ta nel $e$to.</I> Le Di$tributioni delle opere publiche $ono tre, delle quali una $i d&agrave; alla di
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parents:
diff changeset
1976 fe$a, l'altra alla religione, l'altra al commodo. Alla dife$a appartiene la ragione di fare
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parents:
diff changeset
1977 le mura della citt&agrave;, &amp; delle torri, &amp; delle porte, lequali co$e $ono $tate ritrouate per $cac
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parents:
diff changeset
1978 ciare gl'impeti de i nimici continuamente. <I>Et que$ta $i ha ne i $eguenti capi del pre$ente libro.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
1979 <p>Della religione &egrave; la collocatione de i tempij, &amp; delle $acre ca$e, de gli immortal Dei.
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parents:
diff changeset
1980 <pb n="41">
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parents:
diff changeset
1981 <I>come $i tratta nel terzo, &amp; nel quarto libro.</I> Della opportunit&agrave; &egrave; la di$po$itione de i luo
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parents:
diff changeset
1982 ghi communi all' u$o publico, come $ono i porti, i fori, i portichi, i bagni, i Theatri, i
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parents:
diff changeset
1983 luoghi da pa$$eggiare, &amp; le altre co$e, le quali con le i$te$$e ragioni, $ono ne i publici luo-
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parents:
diff changeset
1984 ghi di$egnate.
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parents:
diff changeset
1985 <p><I>Di quefte co$e $i tratta nel quinto libro di$tintamente.</I> Quc$te co$e di tal maniera dcono e$
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
1986 $er di$po$te, che egli $i habbia riguardo alla fermezza, all' utilit&agrave;, alla uenu$t&agrave;. Alla fermez-
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parents:
diff changeset
1987 za $i riguarder&agrave;, quando le fabriche $aranno ben fondate $in $ul $odo. &amp; $e $enza auaritia $i
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
1988 far&agrave; elettione, &amp; $cielta della materia d'ogni $orte. All' utilit&agrave; $i proueder&agrave;, quando $enza
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parents:
diff changeset
1989 impedimento al commodo, &amp; u$o de i luoghi, &amp; $enza menda $aranno le co$e di$po$te,
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parents:
diff changeset
1990 &amp; bene accompagnate, &amp; partite ad ogni maniera. Alla bellezza $i $atisfer&agrave;, quando con
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parents:
diff changeset
1991 bella, &amp; gioconda maniera dello a$petto, la compartita de i membri, $ar&agrave; giu$ta, eguale,
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parents:
diff changeset
1992 &amp; proportianata.
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parents:
diff changeset
1993 <HEAD><I>Delle elettione de i luoghi $ani, &amp; quali co$e nuocono alla
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parents:
diff changeset
1994 $anit&agrave;. Cap. IIII.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
1995 <p>NEL fabricare le mura della citt&agrave; que$ti $ono i principij. Primamente &egrave; la elettio
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parents:
diff changeset
1996 ne di luogo $ani$simo: Quello $ia lo eleuato, non coperto di nebbie, n&egrave; cari-
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parents:
diff changeset
1997 co di freddi uapori: Ma che riguardi quelle parti del cielo, che n&egrave; troppo cal
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parents:
diff changeset
1998 de $ono, n&egrave; troppo fredde, ma temperate. Dapoi $e egli $i $chifer&agrave; la uici-
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parents:
diff changeset
1999 nanza delle paludi; perche uenendo alla citt&agrave; col na$cente $ole l'aure mattutine, $e con
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parents:
diff changeset
2000 quelle $e congiugneranno le na$ciute nebbie, &amp; i fiati delle be$tie palu$tri $pargeranno
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parents:
diff changeset
2001 nei corpi de gli habitanti i ueneno$i uapori me$chiati con le nebbie, &amp; faranno il luogo
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parents:
diff changeset
2002 mal $ano. Anchora $e le mura $aranno a canto'l mare, &amp; riguarderanno al meriggie, o al
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parents:
diff changeset
2003 ponente, non $aranno i luoghi $alubri.
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parents:
diff changeset
2004 <p><I>Hauendo Vitr. fondata la trattatione dell' Architettur a $opra i principij dichiarati, comincia
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
2005 hora a fabricarui $opra; &amp; $econdo la $ua diui$ione comincia dalle opere publiche, &amp; delle $ei co-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
2006 $e, che apartengono alla forma, tocca prima la di$tributione, &amp; il decoro naturale: &amp; delle tre,
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parents:
diff changeset
2007 che deue hauer ogni fabrica ragiona prima della utilit&agrave;, &amp; dir&agrave; poi della fermezza, &amp; uenu$t&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
2008 delle opere. Quanto alle opere publiche ci uiene inanzi la citt&agrave;, che per dife$a della uita, della
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
2009 religione, &amp; delle publiche commodit&agrave;, $i $uol fare. Sei co$e $ono (come dice il dotto Leon Bat-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
2010 ti$ta) da e$$er con$ider ate da chi uuol fabricare una citt&agrave;. La prima &egrave; l'ampiezza di tutta la ter
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
2011 ra po$ta d'intorno, &amp; la faccia, doue $i debbe fabricare, detta regione. La $econda &egrave; il campo,
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parents:
diff changeset
2012 &amp; la piazza, o $patio determinato della regione da e$$er cinto, &amp; rinchiu$o di mura. La terza,
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parents:
diff changeset
2013 &egrave; il compartimento del detto $pacio. La quarta &egrave; tutto quello, che $i lieua dal piano, parete, o
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parents:
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2014 muro nominato. La quinta &egrave; tutto quello, che ci $t&agrave; $opra il capo, o ci cuopre in qualunque mo-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
2015 do. La $e$ta &egrave; l'apritura, doue &amp; le per$one, &amp; le co$e entrano, &amp; e$ceno. Vitr. comincia
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2016 a dire della regione, cio&egrave; della elettione de i luoghi $ani, percioche gran forza, &amp; uirt&ugrave; &egrave; po$ta
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2017 nella natura de i luoghi, &amp; dello aere, come quello, che da noi non $i puote $eparare; &amp; il luogo
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2018 &egrave; come padre della generatione, in quanto egli &egrave; affetto dalle qualit&agrave; cele$ti. &amp; per&ograve; le co$e na-
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2019 turalmente $i con$eruano piu doue na$ceno che altroue. Egli $i ragiona adunque della elettione
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2020 de i luoghi $ani per fabricare la citt&agrave;: &amp; que$ta &egrave; la prima con$ideratione, che $i deue hauere.
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2021 La regione adunque contiene alcune qualit&agrave;, delle quali altre $ono pale$i, altre a$co$e. &amp; di que
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2022 $te, &amp; di quelle alcune $ono ree, alcune buone. Le ree $i cono$ceno dalle buone per lo contrario.
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2023 Delle buone altre ci $erueno al commodo, come il pae$e abondante di acque, di frutti, di pa$coli,
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2024 che ha buoni uicini, porti, entrate, per commodit&agrave; del contrattare, &amp; condurre le merci. Al-
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diff changeset
2025 tre $ono buone all a $anit&agrave;. s&igrave; perche hanno l'acque mobili, lucide, non ui$co$e, non metalliche,</I>
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2026 <foot><I>F</I></foot>
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2027 <pb n="42">
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2028 <I>$enza qualit &agrave; di odore, colore, &amp; $apore, s&igrave; anche, perche i uenti non uengorio troppo freddi a
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parents:
diff changeset
2029 troppo caldi, o da luoghi infetti. Similmente $e la temper atur a $ar&agrave; alquanto humida, &amp; dolce,
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diff changeset
2030 cro&egrave; temperata. dopo la quale &egrave; piu $ana la fredda: &amp; $e lo aere $ar&agrave; puro, purgato, peruio alla ui
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diff changeset
2031 $ta, mobile, &amp; uniforme; &amp; il $ole non cuocer&agrave; molto, o non $ar&agrave; troppo lontano, ma potr&agrave; col
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diff changeset
2032 $uo calore con$irmare le fredde aure mattutine. Le a$co$e qualit&agrave;, che ree $ono, come ho detto,
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diff changeset
2033 $i cono$ceno dalle buone. Et le buone $i attendeno da gli animali grandi, gagliardi, $aporiti di
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2034 carne, &amp; fegato buono, &amp; da gli huomini, quando $ono copio$i dell'uno, &amp; l'altro $e$$o, &amp;
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diff changeset
2035 quando $ono belli, $ani, &amp; di lung a uita: &amp; che $ono coloriti, gagliardi, &amp; di temperata com-
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2036 ple$$ione. Et dalle piante, quando $ono belle, ben nodrite, non offe$e da i uenti, &amp; non $ono
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2037 di quelle $pecie, che na$ceno in luoghi paludo$i, o $trani. Et dalle co$e diuine, come dal Genio, &amp;
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2038 buona fortuna del luogo: &amp; dalle naturali, quando le co$e $i con$eruano, come $ono le merci, i
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2039 frutti: &amp; dalle artificio$e, quando gli edificij non $ono corro$i da i uenti, o dalla $al$ugine. Que-
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diff changeset
2040 $te co$e di$corre Vitr. accioche faccia l'huomo cauto et auuertito: &amp; conferma con e$$empi, quan
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2041 to dice, &amp; con ragioni naturali, &amp; dimo$tra non e$$ere ine$perto della Filo$ofia.
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2042 Leggi Leon Eatti$ta a i capi, terzo, quarto, quinto, &amp; $e$to del primo libro, &amp; hauerai la
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2043 pre$ente materia, copio$a, ornata, &amp; dotta: nel re$tante Vitr. $i la$cia intendere in conformit&agrave;
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2044 di molti antichi $crittori, &amp; proua quanto nociui $iano i luoghi $ottopo$ti al calore del $ole,
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2045 dicendo.</I>
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2046 <p>Perche nella $tate l'aere, che &egrave; uer$o il meriggie na$cendo il $ole $i ri$calda, nel merig-
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2047 gie arde: &amp; quello, che &egrave; uer$o il ponente, na$cendo il $ole intepidi$ce, $alendo al mezo
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2048 d&igrave; ri$calda, cadendo abbrucia: la doue per le mutationi del caldo, &amp; del freddo i corpi
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2049 che $ono in que luoghi s'infermano. &amp; que$to $i puo cono$cere dalle co$e inanimate, im-
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2050 peroche nelle cantine coperte niuno prende il lume dal meriggie, n&egrave; dal ponente, ma dal
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diff changeset
2051 $ettentrione: perche quella parte non $i uede in alcun tempo mutata, ma &egrave; ferma $empre,
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2052 &amp; immutabile; &amp; per&ograve; i Granai, che riguardano al cor$o del $ole pre$to mutano la bont&agrave;
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2053 loro; &amp; le co$e del mangiare, &amp; i frutti, che non $ono alla parte oppo$ta al cor$o del $o-
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2054 le, non $i con$eruano lungamente, perche $empre il calore cocendo leua la fermezza delle
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2055 co$e, &amp; con i $uoi caldi uapori $uggendo le uirt&ugrave; naturali le di$cioglie, &amp; quelle per lo
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2056 caldo ammollite, rende debili, &amp; inferme. come $i uede nel ferro, il quale benche $ia du-
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2057 ro di natura, nondimeno dal fuoco ri$caldato nelle fornac&igrave;, s'ammolli$ce in modo, che in
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2058 ogni forma $i puo ageuolmente piegare, &amp; fabricare: &amp; lo i$te$$o e$$endo molle, &amp; rouen
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2059 te po$to nell' acqua fredda $i rindura, &amp; ritorna nella propriet&agrave; di prima. Egli $i pu&ograve; an-
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2060 chora con$iderare, che co$i $ia, da che nel tempo della $tate tutti i corpi per lo caldo s'inde-
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2061 boli$ceno, non tanto ne i luoghi pe$tilenti, quanto ne i $ani: &amp; per lo contrario nel uer-
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2062 no, quantunque le regioni $ieno molto mal $ane, diuentano per&ograve; $ane, percioche i fred-
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parents:
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2063 di le fortificano grandemente. Similmente $i uede, che i corpi da luoghi freddi in parti
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parents:
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2064 calde traportati poco durano, &amp; $i di$cioglieno, ma quelli, che $ono di pae$i caldi, $e $ta-
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2065 ranno nelle fredde regioni del $ettentrione, non $olamente per la mutatione del luogo
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parents:
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2066 non $aranno $ottopo$ti a malatie, ma $i confermeranno. Et per&ograve; nel fare le mura delle
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2067 citt&agrave; bi$ogna guardar$i da quelle regioni, i quali con i calori loro po$$ono $pargere i cal-
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parents:
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2068 di uapori ne i corpi humani. perche di que principij, che chiamano elementi, tutti i corpi
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parents:
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2069 $ono compo$ti, cio&egrave; di calore, di humore, di terra, &amp; di aere, &amp; dalla me$colanza di que
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parents:
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2070 $ti con naturale me$colamento in $omma formate $ono le qualit&agrave; di tutti gli animali nel
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parents:
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2071 mondo. in que corpi adunque, ne i quali di que principij abonda il calore, $i uede, che il
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parents:
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2072 caldo gli uccide, &amp; di$cioglie tutte le altre co$e, &amp; que$ti difetti $uol fare il feruore del cie
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parents:
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2073 lo, che uiene d'alcune parti, quando egli entrato $iede nelle aperte uene, piu di quello,
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2074 che puo portare il corpo per le me$colanze della $ua natural temperatura. parimente
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parents:
diff changeset
2075 $e l'humore hauer&agrave; occupato le uene de i corpi, &amp; quelle hauer&agrave; fatto di$eguali,
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2076 <pb n="43">
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parents:
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2077 e gonfie, tutti gli altri principij, come gua$ti, &amp; corrotti dal liquore $i liquefaranno.
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2078 &amp; le uirt&ugrave; della compo$itione $i di$ciglieranno. Similmente dai raffreddamenti dell hu-
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parents:
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2079 more de i uenti, &amp; dell' aure, s'infondeno i difetti ne i corpi. N&egrave; meno la natural compo
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parents:
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2080 $itione dello aere, &amp; del terreno cre$cendo, o $cemando fa debili gli altri principij, ijter
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parents:
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2081 re$tri con la pienezza del cibo, gli aeri con la grauczza dello aere. Ma $e alcuno uorr&agrave;
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parents:
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2082 con piu diligenza uedere $en$ibilmente, auuerti$ca, &amp; attenda alle nature de gli uccelli,
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parents:
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2083 de i pe$ci, &amp; de i terre$tri animali. &amp; a que$to modo potr&agrave; con$iderare le differenze delle
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parents:
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2084 tempre de i corpi. imperoche altra me$colanza hanno gli uccelli, altra i pe$ci, &amp; molto
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2085 anche piu &egrave; diuer$a la natura de i terre$tri animali. gli uccelli hanno manco del terreno,
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2086 &amp; meno dell' humore, $ono di temperato calore, abondano di aere, da che na$ce, che e$-
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2087 $endo di piu lieui elementi compo$ti, ageuolmente $i leuano contra lo impeto dello ae-
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parents:
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2088 re. Ma le nature aquatili de i pe$ci, perche $ono dal calor temperate, &amp; piu d'aere &amp; di
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2089 terreno, &amp; poco dell' humore ritengono, quanto meno hanno di que principij dell' humo
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2090 re, tanto piu facilmente nell' humore $i con$eruano. &amp; per&ograve; tratti a terra ad un i$te$$o tem
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2091 po, &amp; la uita, &amp; l'acqua mandano fuori: co$i i terre$tri animali, perche tra i principij lo
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2092 ro $ono dallo aere, &amp; dal calore temperati, &amp; meno ritengono del terreno, &amp; piu del-
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2093 l'humore, abondando in quelli le parti humide, non po$$ono $tando nell' acqua lunga-
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2094 mente con$eruare la uita. Se adunque co$i pare, come propo$to hauemo, &amp; $e col $en$o
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2095 uedemo i corpi de gli animali e$$er di tali principij compo$ti, &amp; dimo$trato hauemo per
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2096 lo mancamento, &amp; per lo $operchio di tal co$e, il tutto ce$$are, o patire, non dubitamo,
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2097 che nece$$ario non $ia con ogni diligenza sforzar$i di eleggere le parti del Cielo tempe-
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2098 perati$sime, quando nel fare le mura $i richiede la $anit&agrave;; &amp; per&ograve; io giudico fermamen-
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2099 te douer$i a que$to propo$ito riuocare la ragione de gli antichi: imperoche i maggiori
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2100 diligentemente riguardauano i fegati delle pecore $acrificate, che pa$ceuano in que luo
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2101 ghi, doue $i faceuano le ca$tella, ouero le guarnigioni: &amp; $e le prime erano liuide, &amp;
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2102 uitio$e ne $acrificauano delle altre, dubitando $e per infirmit&agrave;, o per li pa$coli fu$$ero
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2103 uitiate: ma poi hauendo fatto la i$perienza in molte di e$$e, &amp; prouata la intiera, &amp; $o-
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2104 da natura de i fegati, dalle acque, &amp; da gli pa$coli, s'accampauano in que luoghi: ma $e
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diff changeset
2105 trouauano difetto in quelli, per certo indicio argomentando, il mede$imo ne i corpi hu
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2106 mani traportando, che in que luoghi e$$er doue$$e pe$tilente la copia dell' acqua, &amp; del ci
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diff changeset
2107 bo: &amp; co$i per altre parti $i moueuano, &amp; mutauano pae$e, in ogni luogo cercando la
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diff changeset
2108 $anit&agrave;: ma che per li pa$coli, &amp; per li cibi $i apparino e$$er $alubri le propriet&agrave; della terra,
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2109 argomento manife$to ci danno i campi di Candia, i quali $ono d'intorno il $iume Po-
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2110 thereo, tra Gno$o &amp; Cortina, perche dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra di quel fiume pa$ce-
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2111 no le pecore, ma quelle, che $i uanno pa$colando cerca Gno$o, hanno la milza grande,
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2112 &amp; quelle che $ono appre$$o Cortina non l'hanno apparente. perche dimandandone i medi-
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2113 ci la cagione, ritrouarono in que luoghi un'herba, che pigliata dalle pecore, $cemaua loro
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2114 la milza. &amp; co$i cogliendone, ne dauano a quelli, che patiuano di milza. &amp; per que$to i Cre
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2115 ten$i, chiamano quell' herba A$plenon. Da que$to egli $i puo $apere, che dal cibo, &amp; dal
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2116 le acque i luoghi $ono o pe$tilenti, o $alubri. Oltra di que$to $e nelle paludi $ar&agrave; fabricata la
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2117 citt&agrave;, &amp; che le paludi uicine al mare riguarderanno al $ettentrione, ouero tra'l $ettentrio-
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parents:
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2118 ne &amp; leuante, pure che $iano piu alte che il lito del mare, con ragione parer&agrave; e$$er fabricata.
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parents:
diff changeset
2119 perche tratte le fo$$e, le ac que $e ne correno al lito, &amp; dal mare gonfio per le fortune ri-
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diff changeset
2120 battute nelle paludi per uarij mouimenti $ono commo$$e, doue per le amare me$colanze
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2121 nei luoghi palu$tri non na$ceranno animali ueneno$i. &amp; quelli, che da piu alti luoghi nuo
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2122 tando uer$o i liti $e ne anderanno, per la non con$ueta $al$ugine $e ne moriranno. Lo e$-
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diff changeset
2123 $empio di que$te co$e, $i puo hauere dalle paludi Galliche, che $ono d'intorno Altino, Ra-
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diff changeset
2124 uenna, &amp; Aquilegia, &amp; altre terre uicine alle palludi, le quali per que$te ragioni hanno
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2125 <foot><I>F</I> 2</foot>
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diff changeset
2126 <pb n="44">
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2127 una incredibile $alubrit&agrave;. Ma quelli luoghi, che hanno le paludi ba$$e, &amp; non hanno u$ci-
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parents:
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2128 te correnti n&egrave; per fiumi, n&egrave; per fo$$e, come $ono le paludi Pontine, $tando ferme $i putre
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parents:
diff changeset
2129 fanno, &amp; mandano fuori in que' luoghi humori graui, &amp; pe$tilenti. Nella Puglia l'antica
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2130 Salapia, che da Diomede nel ritorno da Troia fu fabricata, ouero (come altri dice) da
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parents:
diff changeset
2131 Elfia Rodiotto, era $ituata in luoghi tali, doue gli habitatori infermando$i ogni anno,
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2132 andorono finalmente da M. Ho$tilio, &amp; da quello per publico nome chiedendo impetro-
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2133 rono, che egli troua$$e loro luogo idoneo, &amp; elegge$$e per fabricar la citt&agrave;. Non ritard&ograve;
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2134 M. Ho$tilio, ma $ubito inue$tigate le ragioni dotti$simamente compr&ograve; una po$$e$sione ap
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2135 pre$$o il mare in luogo $ano, &amp; chie$e dal $enato, &amp; populo Romano, che lecito fo$$e tra-
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2136 portare la terra, &amp; co$i la cin$e di mura, compart&igrave; le piazze, &amp; fatte le parti uendette a cia$
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2137 cuno habitante la $ua per due libre &amp; meza d'Argento. &amp; fatte que$te co$e, egli aper$e il la
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2138 go nel mare, &amp; dallago fece il porto con i doni conce$si, la doue hora i Salapini per quat
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2139 tro miglia lontani dalla loro antica citt&agrave; habitano in luogo $ano.
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2140 <p><I>Vna gran parte del $ettimo della Republica d'Ari$totele tratta di quello, che $i contiene in
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2141 que$to Capo, &amp; ne gli altri $eguenti del pre$ente libro. Ma noi non uolemo a pompa empire i
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parents:
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2142 fogli, n&egrave; di$putare $ottilmente delle co$e dette da Vitruuio: nelle quali egli ha uoluto &amp; Medi
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diff changeset
2143 co, &amp; Filo$ofo dimo$trar$i. Io de$criuerei l'herba A$plenon, i luogi di Candia, Rhetimo, &amp;
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2144 Cortina, doue ella na$ce, &amp; dimo$trarei in pittura il $ito, &amp; la regione, nella quale deue e$$er
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2145 collo cata una Citt&agrave;, ($e per&ograve; la pittura puo far que$to) ma perche io intendo, che altri $i
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parents:
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2146 pigliano que$to carico, uolentieri lo la$ciar&ograve; a loro. Cerca l'i$torie uoglio credere a Vitruuio:
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parents:
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2147 perche non pare conueniente confermare i detti di Vitr. con autorit&agrave; di Tlinio, o d'altro, che
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parents:
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2148 for$e ha pigliato da Vitr. quello che egli ha $critto. E a$$ai, che Leon Batti$ta con ogni dili-
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parents:
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2149 genza raccolto habbia molte, &amp; diuer$e co$e ad un propo$ito, che po$$ono $atisfare i curio$i
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2150 di $aper piu oltra. leggi al $econdo Capo del quarto libro del $opra detto. Quella parola che
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parents:
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2151 dice Vitr. Municipium, gli Spagnuoli dicono Villa con giuriditione, &amp; Ca$trum, Villa cercada.</I>
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parents:
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2152 <HEAD><I>Delle fondamenta delle muraglie, et delle
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2153 torri. Cap. V.</I></HEAD>
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2154 <p>QVANDO adunque con que$te ragioni e$po$ta $ar&agrave; la $alubrit&agrave; de i luoghi,
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2155 ne i quali $i hanno a fare le cinte delle mura della Citt&agrave;, &amp; che per $ouue-
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parents:
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2156 gno, &amp; nutrimento di quella elette $aranno le regioni copio$e di frutti,
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parents:
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2157 &amp; per gli acconciamenti delle $trade, de i fiumi, ouero de i porti del ma
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2158 re $i potr&agrave; con le condotte delle co$e commodamente uenire, Allhora in
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2159 que$to modo $i hanno a fare le fondamenta.
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2160 <p><I>Hauendo Vitruuio trattato della regione, &amp; delle $ue qualit &agrave;, &amp; buone &amp; ree; accioche la
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2161 $ciando que$te abbracciamo quelle, hora uuole trattare di quella parte, che noi dicemmo di $o
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parents:
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2162 pra e$$er certa, &amp; terminata, n&egrave; co$i ampia, come &egrave; la Regione. comincia adunque a rinchiu-
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2163 derla con le muraglie, &amp; tratta delle fondamenta di quelle, &amp; delle torri, riguardando al-
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2164 l'utile, alla fermezza, &amp; alla bellezza dell' opera, &amp; con$ider a il fine, come far $i deue in ogni
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2165 operatione. Nella diui$ione dell' Architettura detto hauemo la nece$$it&agrave; di far le muraglie, hora
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2166 $i tratta del modo di fondarle, delle parti della forma, della gro$$ezza, delle Torri, &amp; figure
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2167 loro. Maper applicare i principij alle co$e, che $i hanno da fare: dico che egli bi$ogna haue-
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2168 re le idee della di$po$itione, &amp; i termini loro, accioche il tutto $ia preui$to, &amp; con$idera-
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2169 to. Veniremo adunque alla pianta, che ichnografia $i chiama. I termini, &amp; contorni della
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parents:
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2170 quale $i fanno con linee, &amp; anguli. Angulo &egrave; quella parte del piano $ottopo$to, che $i con-
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2171 tiene tra due linee, che $i toccano. &amp; per&ograve; quattro anguli $i fanno da due linee, che $i tagliano</I>
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2172 <pb n="45">
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2173 <I>in$ieme, de i quali $e uno $ar&agrave; a cia$cuno de i tre eguale, giu$to, &amp; dritto $ar&agrave; detto. &amp; quel
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2174 li, che del dritto $aranno minori, $tretti, &amp; acuti $aranno chiamati, &amp; i maggiori larghi, ot-
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2175 lu$i, &amp; rintuzzati. Delle linee alcune $on dritte, &amp; $ono quelle il mezo delle quali non adona
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2176 bra gli e$tremi, &amp; che tra due punti nel piu breue $pacio $i contengono: altre $ono piegate,
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2177 &amp; torte, &amp; $ono quelle, che col mezo loro e$cono de gli e$tremi. Delle piegate alcune $ono
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parents:
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2178 parti del circolo. Circolo &egrave; figura piana, &amp; $operficiale rinchiu$a da una linea, dal cui centro
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2179 che &amp; punto immobile nel mozo, tutte le linee tirate alla circonferenza $ono eg uali. La linea
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2180 piegata da gli Architetti &egrave; cbiamata Arco, intendo della $implice. Corda poi $i dice quel-
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2181 la linea, che pa$$a da un capo dell' Arco all' altro. Saetta $i chiama quella, che dal mezo del
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diff changeset
2182 la corda con anguli eguali a$cende alla circonferenza dell' arco. Raggio &egrave; quella, che dall' immo
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2183 bil punto peruiene alla circonferenza. Diametro quella, che pa$$a per lo centro, &amp; diuide il
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2184 circolo in due parti eguali. Intiero arco &egrave; il $emicircolo. Diminuito, &amp; $cemo quello, che &egrave;
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2185 minore, cio&egrave; che ha la corda $ua minore del diametro. Il compo$to &egrave; di due archi diminuti: &amp;
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2186 per&ograve; fa nella $ommit&agrave; uno angulo di due archi. gli e$$empi delle predette co$e $ono qui $otto</I>
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2187 <fig>
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parents:
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2188 <p><I>Hora la natura de i luogi porta $anit&agrave; &egrave; fortezza: hora l'Arte: hara l'una, &amp; l'altra. Nel
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2189 primo ca$o egli $i deue cono$cere quello, che di natura $uo &egrave; buono. come $i ha dal prece-
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diff changeset
2190 dente Capo. nel $econdo bi$ogna por mano al Di$cor$o, come $i dir&agrave; nel $eguente. N&egrave; uoglio
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diff changeset
2191 hora commendare la con$uetudine delle genti $traniere, che hora nelle ampli<02>ime $olitudini, &amp;
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2192 di$erti habitando, hora ne gli a$pri<02>imi monti, &amp; tra le o$curi<02>ime $elue riducendo$i, &amp; alcu
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2193 na fiata in mezo di larghi$$ime paludi, qua$i attuffando$i, &amp; habitando luoghi $terili$$imi $icu-
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2194 ri $i chiamauano da ogni uiolenza. com&egrave; $i legge ne i commentarij de' Germani: &amp; altroue
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2195 de gli Irlandi, &amp; Scoce$i: non lodo io que$ti auantaggi: percioche non mi pare, che egli $i deb
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2196 bia eleggere la pouert&agrave;, perche niuno ci porti inuidia: n&egrave; anche $ognarei un poetico mondo, o
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2197 terre$tre par adi$o: doue i fiumi di latte correno, mele $udano le quercie, manna e nettare pioue-
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2198 no i cieli: peroche all' humana nece$$it&agrave; $i puo con mediocre &amp; conueneuole habitatione proue-
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2199 dere, &amp; quelle copie piu pre$to de$iderare, che hauere $i po$$ono. Quanto adunque richiede la
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parents:
diff changeset
2200 uita de gli huomini, elegga$i la Citt&agrave; in tal $ito, che ella $i notri$ca del $uo tenitorio, che non
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diff changeset
2201 po$$a di leggieri e$$ere a$$alita, che $ia libera alle $ortite, &amp; che habbia le $opradette conditio-
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2202 ni: dapoi habbia$i cura di fondare la muraglia. Gli inditij di buono, &amp; $odo terreno $ono;
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2203 che ne i luoghi, ne i quali s'ha da fondare, non ui $iano herbe $olite di na$cere in luoghi humi
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2204 di, che nel pae$e d'intorno $iano $a$$i acuti &amp; $odi, &amp; alberi $olo na$centi in luoghi a$ciutti:
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parents:
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2205 che non ui $iano acque $ortiue $otto: $e il terreno per li pe$i in terra gettati, non ri$uoner&agrave;
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parents:
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2206 n&egrave; l'acqua ripo$ta ne' ua$i per li cadimenti $i muouer&agrave;. Le cauationi de i pozzi oltra l'utilit&agrave;
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parents:
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2207 dell' acqua, &amp; della materia, ne daranno $egno della $odezza del terreno. Il fondamento non
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parents:
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2208 &egrave; parte della fabrica: imperoche la natura $enza l'aiuto dell' Arte, $uol darci il luogo fon
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2209 dato, facendo$i il piano $odi$$imo con alti, &amp; duri $a$$i: doue non fa bi$ogno d'alcuna bu-</I>
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2210 <pb n="46">
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2211 <I>mana fatica: ma cerca il fondamento, che $i fa da gli huomini, $i deue con$iderare la forma
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parents:
diff changeset
2212 del terreno, la qualit&agrave;, il compartimento, &amp; le regole. La forma del terreno, &egrave; fatta $econdo
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parents:
diff changeset
2213 la quantil&agrave; de i luogbi, i quali $ono o alti, o ba$$i, o pendenti: la qualit&agrave; &egrave; perche la terra ba
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2214 di molte $corze, onde altre $ono coperte di gro$$a, altre di minuta $abbia, &amp; altre di creta.
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parents:
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2215 altre di to$o, molte di giara me$colata: &amp; in fine altre $ono $ecche, &amp; areno$e, altre bu-
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parents:
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2216 mide, &amp; molli. Il compartiment o richiede, che i piani $iano di$egnati con linec, &amp; con la
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2217 $quadra, ri$petto al drizzare le co$e, &amp; a formare gli anguli. Fa una croce di funi, $econ-
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parents:
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2218 do che dice Leon Batti$ta, &amp; nel mezo $ia fitto un chiodo, col quale ti reggerai, &amp; co$i fa-
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2219 rai le tue $acome. tirando il filo per ogni uer$o, le Regole ueramente per le fondamenta di
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parents:
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2220 ogni fabrica $ono trouare il uiuo, &amp; il $odo, ne i luoghi pendenti cominciar dal ba$$o, ne i
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parents:
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2221 molli, ouer areno$i battere le palificate $pe$$e &amp; $ode: &amp; quelle ra$$odare piu pre$to col con-
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2222 tinuo battere, che col pe$o, o gran perco$$a di quelli $trumenti, che noi chiamamo becchi,
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2223 latini fi$tucas. Con$igliar$i con i periti del luogo cerca la natura del terreno. Non $i $i-
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parents:
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2224 dare di fondar $opra ruine, cauar egualmente, &amp; i$pianare il fondo delle fo$$e, accioche il
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2225 pe$o prema egualmente. Sia la parte di $otto piu ampia, &amp; pia gro$$a della $uperiore imit an
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2226 do la natura delle co$e, &amp; $pecialmente gli alberi, che $ono da piedi piu gro$$i, che da cima. $ia
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2227 la palificata piu gro$$a del muro il doppio: i pali $pe<02>i$$imi, &amp; gro$$i per la lunghezza loro la
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parents:
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2228 duodecima parte, ne corti meno dell' ottaua. ne luoghi d'acqua $ortiua per piu $icurt&agrave; $i fonda
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parents:
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2229 a uolti $opra pali. Ne i grandi edificij $i la$ciano alcuni $piragli nel mezo delle fondamenta
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parents:
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2230 per l'opera fino alla cima: accioche i uenti po$$ino u$cire ri$petto a i terremoti, l'ampiezza
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2231 della Citt&agrave;, &amp; giro quanto alla dignit&agrave;, $i richiede ampia &amp; grande per la moltitudine, et fre
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2232 quenza delle genti: quanto alla fortezza, la grande ben guardata, da poche genti non puo
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2233 e$$er offe$a, la picciola da manco genti &egrave; dife$a: piu facilmente pu&ograve; e$$er rubbata, &amp; piu $i-
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parents:
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2234 cura al tempo di guerra. Deue la Citt&agrave; e$$er capace di moltitudine, ma non hauere molto di
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2235 uoto. Egli bi$ogna per&ograve; $econdo i tempi far le Citt&agrave; forti, perche dalle offe$e, che $econdo le
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2236 inuuentioni de gli huomini, tutto' lgiorno $i fanno, $i piglia forma alle dife$e. Ma tempo e di ue-
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2237 nire a Vitruuio.</I> All' hora in que$to modo $i hanno a fare le fondamenta, cio&egrave;, che $i ca
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2238 ui tanto, che $i truoui il $odo, s'egli $i puo ritrouare, &amp; nel $odo quanto ragioneuolmen
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2239 te parer&agrave; per la grandezza dell' opera, con que$ta conditione per&ograve;, che la parte $otterra
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parents:
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2240 tenga $pacio maggiore, &amp; piu gro$$a $ia, che i pareti $opra terra, &amp; quelle fondamenta
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2241 $iano riempite di $odi$sime pietre me$colate con calce &amp; arena.
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2242 <p><I>Que$to riempimento di $odi$$ima $truttura (come dice Vitru.) da noi &egrave; detto lauorar a ca$-
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2243 $a. &amp; rincerca l'incami$ciata, come $i ueder&agrave;.</I>
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parents:
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2244 <p>Le Torri deono $portar fuori dell' ordine, &amp; drittura della muraglia nella parte e$terio
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2245 re, accioche uolendo il nimico dare l'a$$alto, $ia da ogni parte da gli aperti fianchi dalla
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2246 de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra dalle torri con pietre, &amp; altre co$e da trarre, ferito.
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diff changeset
2247 <p><I>Dalle offe$e, $i cauano le dife$e, &amp; dal fine $i tragge ogni co$a. &amp; perche alcune offe$e $ono
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diff changeset
2248 manife$te, alcune a$co$e, altre lontane, altre d'appre$$o: per&ograve; Vitru. cerca di prouedere quanto $i
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diff changeset
2249 pu&ograve; (come deue far ognuno che fortifica) a tutte $orte di offe$e. &amp; perche l'ultima, &amp; piu uici-
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diff changeset
2250 na &amp; gagliarda, &egrave; lo a$$alto, &amp; l'impeto che fa il nimico per entrare nella citt&agrave;, per&ograve; a questa
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diff changeset
2251 prima prouede Vitr. per far stare lontano il nimico. Le Torri adunque de gli antichi, (in luogo
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2252 delle quali per altri ri$petti $ono a d&igrave; nostri, i baloardi, le piatte forme, i caualieri, le forfici)
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2253 erano fatte per que$to effetto, che difende<02>ero la cortina, per&ograve; &egrave; nece$$ario, che le e$chino nella par-
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2254 te esteriore uer$o il nimico. La $omma del fortificare da alcuni &egrave; ridotta a que$to, che i defen$ori
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diff changeset
2255 $ieno $icuri, che $ia il nimico uietato, &amp; anche $cacciato. Il nimico $i uieta con l'acqua, col fo$-
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diff changeset
2256 $o, &amp; col muro. la fo$$a uieta, &amp; per la di$ce$a, &amp; molto piu per l'a$ce$a, quando ella &egrave; profon-
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diff changeset
2257 da, &amp; precipite, &amp; piu d'una. L'acqua $ortiua m alcuni luoghi non $i pu&ograve; leuare; $e &egrave; alta, an-
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2258 niega, $e &egrave; ba$$a fa $drucciolare. impedi$ce i fuochi, &amp; fa difficult&agrave; nell' adoperar$i. La muraglia</I>
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2259 <pb n="47">
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2260 <I>deue e$$er gro$ia, &amp; fatta con le ragioni che ci $ono in$egnate da Vltru. che molto bene $erueno a
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parents:
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2261 no$tri giorni. il nimico $i $caccia molto meglio dalle Torri, baloardi, argini, &amp; altre co$e $imili
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2262 rileuate, &amp; che e$ceno in fuori, &amp; $pecialmente quelle che hanno maggior piazza; perche la $i-
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parents:
diff changeset
2263 curt&agrave; de i defen$ori &egrave; posta nella piazza de i baloardi, oltra, che la muraglia uuole e$$er ben $at-
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2264 ta, &amp; ordinata in modo che i fuochi, i colpi dell' artigliarie, quanto piu $i puo, $i rendino uani: &amp;
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diff changeset
2265 $e bene la batteria &egrave; gagliarda, &amp; l'artigliaria &egrave; uiolenta, per&ograve; l'indu$tria de gli huomini puo ri-
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2266 parare con molte inuentioni alla for za terribile di quelle machine trouate da Lucifero. Stando
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2267 adunque le fortificationi come dice il Signor Conte Gian Giacopo Leonardi, nella Cortina, nel
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2268 fianco, nel fo$$o, nella strada, nella piazza, oue $i po$$ono adoper are le dife$e, &amp; le machine: Vi-
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2269 tru. molto bene con$idera il tutto. &amp; perche le porte $ono nece$$arie per l'u$o della citt&agrave;, bi$ogna
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2270 a$$icurarle, ma non in modo, che pre$e da alcuno di dentro a$$icurino il traditore, &amp; offendino i
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2271 Cittadini. Deue adunque e$$er $icura la porta dal nimico, &amp; batter di fuori, &amp; e$$ere a$co$a, &amp;
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2272 che ad e<02>a non mettino capo le $trade, accioche alla di$te$a correndo non po$$ino entrarui i ni-
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2273 mici. &amp; per&ograve; dice Vitru.</I>
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2274 <p>Egli pare anche che prouedere $i debbia grandemente, che il nimico non habbia facile
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2275 l'entrata ad oppugnare il muro, ma co$i di fo$si precipito$i circondato $ia, &amp; proui$to,
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2276 che le uie non $iano alle porte drizzate, ma per torto camino uadino alla $ini$tra, perche
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2277 quando que$to fatto $ia, la de$tra parte di coloro che anderanno alla citt&agrave;, che non &egrave; dallo
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2278 $cudo coperta, $ar&agrave; uer$o la muraglia.
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2279 <p><I>Cercail $ito delle porte, (come in molte altre co$e) conuengono le u$anze moderne, con le
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2280 antiche, nel re$tante pare, che $ia qualche differenza, perche Vitru. loda il Torrione tondo, co-
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2281 me piu atto a re$i$tere alle machine oppugnatorie, che erano gli Arieti, &amp; le Testuggini. bia$-
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2282 ma gli anguli, perche $ono piu di$$ipabili, &amp; copreno gli inimici, che non po$$ono e$$er battuti
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2283 da due lati, come nel tondo. Ma$e auuertimo bene la i$te$$a dottrina $erue a ino$tri tempi, per-
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2284 cioche $iamo tenuti a fuggire gli anguli $iano piani, di linee dritte, curui, $trelti &ograve; larghi: $iamo
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2285 obligati tirar le faccie de i fianchi de i no$tri baloardi con fuggir, piu che $i puo gli anguli; per-
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2286 che $i faccia legatura migliore, che non fa l'angulo, il quale puo e$$er tagliato dall' artigliaria,
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2287 che farebbe il luogo $enza dife$a. Fa lo angulo il mede$imo danno, che dice Vitru. percioche il
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2288 nimico re$ta coperto, ci mo$tra il fianco, il che con la regola de gli antichi potemo e<02>equire con
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2289 le no$tre artigliarie, perche Vitr. uuole che le Torri $iano di$tanti uno tiro di $aetta, che il nimi-
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2290 co po<02>a e<02>er offe$o dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra: noi applicando que$ta dottrina alla no$tra for-
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2291 tificatione facemo la distanza di modo, che la no$tra artigliaria offenda da due lati, &amp; che po$-
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2292 $a ca$tigare chi ardi<02>e fabricar di terreno tra l'uno fianco, &amp; l'altro. le Torri, che egli ci mo-
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2293 $tra, &egrave; ragioneuole, che fu<02>ero $icure, poi che uuole, che i defen$ori po$$ino $tarui $opra alle di-
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2294 fe$e. N&egrave; i $oldati, n&egrave; le machine $ariano $tate con $icurezza, $e non haue<02>ero hauuto le loro
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2295 $palle gagliarde $econdo l'offe$a delle machine de$critte nel decimo libro. Noi ($e haueremo
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2296 que$ta con$ideratione) $econdo la mente dello autore uedremo, che egli ci mo$tra, che le $palle de
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2297 no$tri fianchi e<02>er deono $icure, le piazze di quelle $pacio$e. Hauemo anche di qual modo $i
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2298 deono fare le $trade, ouero le porte. Noi $eguendo que$ta auuertenza faremo $empre le no$tre $or-
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2299 tite, che fuggiremo lo ri$chio, che il nimico non po<02>a entrare in$ieme con i no$tri nelle ritirate, co
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2300 me &egrave; molte uolte auuenuto a quelli, che non hanno hauuto que$ta con$ideratione. ma $eguitiamo.</I>
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2301 <p>Le ca$tella deon$i fare non quadrate, n&egrave; di anguli, che e$chino fuori, ma deono piu
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2302 pre$to girare; accioche da piu parti $ia ueduto il nimico. percioche doue gli anguli uengo-
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2303 no in fuori, quel luogo difficilmente $i difende, e$$endo lo angulo piu in dife$a del nimi-
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2304 co, che del Cittadino. Ma la gro$$ezza del muro $i deue fare in modo, che gli huomini
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2305 armati, incontrando$i l'uno con l'altro po$sino pa$$are $enza impedimento, pure che nel-
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2306 la gro$$ezza del muro le taglie di oliua$tro bru$tolate, &amp; inca$trate $iano po$te $pe$si$sime,
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2307 accioche amendue le fronti del muro tra $e come Fibbie, &amp; chiaui, con quelli pezzi ta-
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2308 <pb n="48">
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2309 gliati, in$ieme legati durino eternamente; imperoche a $imil materia, n&egrave; pioggic impe
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2310 tuo$e, n&egrave; tarli, n&egrave; uecchiezza po$$ono fare nocumento alcuno, ma &amp; in terra $epolta, &amp;
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2311 po$ta in acqua dura $enza danno in $empiterno; &amp; per&ograve; non $olamente nel muro, ma nel-
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2312 le fondamenta, &amp; in que pareti, che haueranno gro$$ezza come di muro, $e con que$ta
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2313 ragione $aranno ben legati, non $i potranno di leggieri intaccare ne uitiare. Gli $pacij da
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2314 Torre a Torre non $iano piu lontani, che un tiro di arco. percioche $e la Torre $ar&agrave; hat-
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2315 tuta da una parte, $aranno i nimici $cacciati con bale$tre, &amp; altri $aettamenti dalle Tor-
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2316 ri che $aranno dall'una, &amp; l'altra parte. &amp; anchora per lo contrario il muro uer$o la parte
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2317 interlore delle Totri deue e$$ere diui$o con i$pacij tanto grandi, quanto $aranno le Tor-
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2318 ri, &amp; $iano le uie nelle parti di dentro delle Torri con traui congiunte, n&egrave; $iano fitte con
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2319 ferro. Perche $e'l nimico per $orte hauer&agrave; occupato alcuna parte del muro, quelli, che
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2320 $aranno alle dife$e, potranno tagliare le dette uie, &amp; $e $aranno pre$ti non la$ciaranno,
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2321 cheil nimico pa$si all'altra parte delle Torri o del muro, $e egli non uole$$e andare in pre-
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2322 cipitio. Bi$ogna adunque fare le torri, ouero di forma ritonda, ouero di molti angu-
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2323 li, perche le quadrate di leggieri $i gettano a terra dalle machine, perche gli Arieti urtan-
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2324 do rompeno le cantonate, ma nelle ritonde, $pignendole uer$o il centro come cunci non
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2325 le po$$ono offendere.
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2326 <p><I>Que$ta parte s'&egrave; aba$tanza dichiarita di $opra, $olo a<02>ai ci $ar&agrave; lo e<02>empio, della Torre
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2327 aperta di dentro, benche ad altri modi $i po$$ino acconciar le traui, che $i po<02>a con pre$tezza
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2328 gettarle a terra.</I>
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2329 <pb n="49">
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2330 <p><I>G. Sono alcuni peducci o gatelli, che $pigneuano fuori del muro per due terzid un piede,
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2331 quattro piedi lont ani uno dall' altro, $opra i quali poneua tanti capi di traui, che tutti concorre$-
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diff changeset
2332 $ero al centro della torre: &amp; que$ti con una ferma catena raccomandata all'ultimo palco della
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2333 torre, con uno molinello, o argano doue &egrave; la. A. fermaua tuttii palchi con tauole $enza chio-
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2334 di, che leuate le tauole, &amp; rauolgendo l&agrave; catena, tutte le traui rimarriano appe$e alla catena,
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2335 che con grandi$$ima pre$tezza li potria leuare. &amp; que$ti po$$ono portare ogni gran carico, per-
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2336 che cia$cuno di loro affronta nel centro, n&egrave; po<02>ono calare, $e la torre non con$ente. B. &egrave; il
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2337 centro. Vuole poi che l'ultimo palco $ia forti$$imo non $olo per $o$tentamento di que$ti, ma anche
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2338 occorrendo fabricarui $opra per alzarla, $tia forte. C. tauolato. E. La muraglia. H. $ca
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2339 la per a$cender alla muraglia. F. piano della muraglia. D. muro di dentro, che $erraua la
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2340 torre. K. I. Gro<02>ezze.</I>
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2341 <fig>
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2342 <p>Appre$$o di que$to le dife$e delle muraglie, &amp; delle Torri congiunte &agrave; gli argini, e terra
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2343 <foot><I>G</I></foot>
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2344 <pb n="50">
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2345 pieni $ono piu $icure. imperoche n&egrave; gli arieti, n&egrave; le mine, n&egrave; altre machine li po$$ono fare
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2346 offe$a. Ma non in ogni luogo $i ricerca lo argine, ma $olamente la doue dal di fuori da luo
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2347 go alto a pi&egrave; piano, $i puo uenire ad oppugnare la citt&agrave;. Et per&ograve; in tali luoghi bi$ogna
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2348 prima cauare le fo$$e di larghezza, &amp; di altezza grandi$sima. Dapoi dcue il fondamento
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2349 della muraglia e$$er depre$$o, &amp; calcato tra lo aluco della fo$$a, &amp; fatto di quella gro$$ez-
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2350 za, che egli po$$a $o$tenere il carico dell' opera terrena. &amp; ancora dalla parte della $abrica
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2351 di dentro uer$o la terra, egli $i deue fare il fondamento per ampio $patio di$tante da quel
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2352 di fuori di modo, che le compagnie po$sino come in ordinanza, nelle dife$e formar$i $o-
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2353 pra la larghezza dello argine. Quando adunque $aranno fatte le fondamenta co$i di$tanti
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2354 l'uno dall' altro, allhora $ar&agrave; bi$ogno di farne dell' altre per lo trauer$o, che congiunte $ia-
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2355 no col fondamento di fuori, &amp; col fondamento di dentro di$po$te come pettini a gui$a de
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2356 i denti di $iega. perche quando in que$ta maniera $ar&agrave; fabricato, &amp; fondato il muro, $e
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2357 ne hauer&agrave; que$to commodo, che la grandezza del pe$o in picciole parti compartita, non
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2358 calcando con tutto il carico $uo, non potr&agrave; per modo alcuno $cacciare, o $pignere le fonda
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2359 menta. Ma della muraglia, di che materia fare $i conuenga, non $i deue in que$to luogo al
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2360 trimenti determinare: perche non $i puo per tutto hauere quella copia di co$e, che $i di$i-
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2361 dera: ma doue $aranno i $a$si di lati, &amp; anguli eguali, &amp; di piana $uperficie, che quadrati
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2362 $i chiamano, ouero il $elice, ouero il cemento, ouero il mattone cotto, o crudo, que$te
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2363 co$e $i deono u$are: perche non $i puo in tutte le parti del mondo, &amp; in tutte le nature de i
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2364 luoghi, accioche i muri durino eternamente $enza difetto adoperar quello, che copio$a-
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2365 mente uiene in Babilonia, doue in luogo di calce, &amp; di arena, $i u$a il bitume liquido, &amp;
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2366 di quello, &amp; di cotto mattone &egrave; fatto il muro della citt&agrave;.
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2367 <p><I>La citt&agrave; &egrave; ouero in terra, ouero in acqua. $e in terra, o in piano, o in monte, o parte in piano
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2368 &amp; parte in monte. Del fabricare nell' acqua Vitr. ne parler&agrave; nel quinto libro, doue ragiona de i
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2369 porti. Bi$ogna auuertire nel fabricare delle citt&agrave; nell' acque, che il cre$cere delle acque non le fac
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2370 cia danno; che $i facciano belli pallazzi $opra l'acque, &amp; ponti, che habbiano del grande. &amp; $e
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2371 non $ono dife$e dal $ito, &amp; dalla difficult&agrave; de i uadi, bi$ogna farui le fortezze, &amp; le mura, &amp; a$-
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2372 $icurare anche il porto, con catene, come $i dir&agrave; al $uo luogo. $e la citt&agrave; $ar&agrave; in terra, &amp; in altez
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2373 za, &amp; in luoghi di precipitij, come pare, che Vitr. uoglia, nel primo modo di fortificare $enza ar
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2374 gini, ella $ar&agrave; piu $icura, perche difficilmente il nimico la potr&agrave; a$$altare, per la $alita difficile,
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2375 &amp; hauer&agrave; le $coperte commode, &amp; chi la difender&agrave;, $ar&agrave; $opra l'auantaggio: &amp; quelle citt&agrave;, che
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2376 haueranno del piano, &amp; del monte, haueranno de i commodi, che hanno le citt&agrave; del mon-
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2377 te, &amp; doueranno hauere delle proui$ioni, che hanno le citt&agrave; in piano. Deue in
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2378 quelle e$$er un luogo forte nella piu alta parte, per $tare i caualieri della citt&agrave;, quan-
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2379 do ci fu$$ero cittadini di mala uolont&agrave;, o che i nimici haue$$ero occupato la terra. per-
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2380 che que$ti luogi $pe$$o a$pettando il $occor$o $icuramente intertengono il nimico, &amp; $o-
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2381 no occa $ione della ricuperatione delle citt&agrave;. Se adunque la citt&agrave; $ar&agrave; in piano, &amp;
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2382 come dice Vitruuio, $e egli $i potr&agrave; andare a piede piano, bi$ogner&agrave; fargli gli ar-
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2383 gini, le fo$$e, le contra$carpe $econdo le regole di $opra, &amp; quelli ri$petti, che ha po$ti
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2384 Vitruuio nel fondar le torri, &amp; farle alte, &amp; che $portino in fuori, &amp; che $iano aperte
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2385 di dentro, &amp; che habbiano precipitij, &amp; che tenghino i defen$ori, &amp; che $i po$$ino $eparare le
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2386 entrate, &amp; impedire la pre$a loro, applicarle al modo no$tro di fare i baloardi, &amp; i caualieri,
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2387 &amp; le altre dife$e, pigliando quello, che far&agrave; per noi. Et per&ograve; Vitru. nel dare i precetti della
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2388 fortificatione ha cominciato dalle Torri, come quelle, che principalmente ci difendino, &amp; $ia-
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2389 no &agrave; noi come $cuto, &amp; a nimici come offe$a, &amp; propugnaculo, dal quale, &amp; il nimico $ia tenu-
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2390 to lontano, &amp; la muraglia $ia guardata, &amp; anche la parte di dentro $ia $icura. Ma in que$ta
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2391 materia na$ceno de i dubbij. L'uno &egrave; che $e le torri $ono tanto larghe, &amp; gro$$e di muraglia, che
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2392 po$$ino tenere corpo di gente alle dife$e, $e bene quelle traui, che dice Vitr. $aranno pre$to getta-</I>
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2393 <pb n="51">
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2394 <I>te a terra, potranno per&ograve; i nimici per lo circoito delle torri andare da uno muro, all altro. A que
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2395 $to $i ri$ponde, che le torri erano alte, &amp; che i nimici non poteuano $alire a quelle altezze, $e
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2396 bene haueuano occupato il muro. Erano dico alte, &amp; per di$e$a, &amp; per contr a$tare &agrave; quelle ma
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2397 chine grandi fatte de legnami, che conduceuano i nimici nelle e$pugnationi delle citt&agrave;. l'altro dubio
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2398 &egrave; che Vitr. uuole, che le Torri dalla parte di dentro $iano aperte, accioche leuate quelle traui,
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2399 &amp; que ponti, lo inimico uedendo il grande precipitio non $i metta a uoler pa$$are da una mura-
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2400 glia all' altra. per que$to $i uede, che meglio $aria $tato per lo inimico battere una torre, che la mu
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2401 raglia. perche tagliata o rotta la torre, baueuano il re$tante libero, &amp; aperto per entrar den-
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2402 tro. A que$to $i ri$ponde dallo eccellente M. Ale<02>andro Piccheroni huomo de pochi pari nelle for
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2403 tificationi, &amp; in altre belle arti, che le torri che erano, o doueuano e$$ere $errate da piedi di mu
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2404 ro alto almeno per la met&agrave; dell' altezza della cortina, haueuano quel muro che le $erraua gro$$o
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2405 da piedi a ba$tanza per impedimento delle zappe, ma poi uenendo uer$o la cima $i faceua piu $tret
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2406 to. la torre poi douena nel mezo e$$ere profonda molto, &amp; eguale al meno al fondo de i precipi-
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2407 tij, &amp; $e per ca$o lo inimico fu<02>e, rompendo la torre, per entrarui dentro, egli era $ottopo$to
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2408 ad una infinit&agrave; di offe$e, s&igrave; da quelli, che $tauano di $opra nelle torri, come da quelli, che da ogni
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diff changeset
2409 lato $tauano $opra le mura, come $te$$ero quelli palchi, o contignatione, che dice Vitr. per $icur
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2410 t&agrave; di quelle, che difendeuano le torri, &amp; che facilmente $i pote<02>ero leuare, altri uno, altri al-
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2411 tro modo hanno trouato, n&egrave; $opra que$to c'&egrave; da di$putare qual $ia piu uicino alla mente di Vitr. e$
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2412 $endo libero ad ognuno di affermare qual modo gli piace. per&ograve; il $opradetto ha ritrouato unmodo
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2413 ingenio$o, il quale noi nella $oprapo$ta de$crittione hauemo pigliato.</I>
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2414 <TABLE>
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diff changeset
2415 <ROW><COL><19>. <I>Leuante.</I></COL><COL><I>M. Mae$tro.</I></COL></ROW>
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2416 <ROW><COL><I>P. Ponente.</I></COL><COL><I>S. Sirocco.</I></COL></ROW>
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2417 <ROW><COL><I>O. O$tro.</I></COL><COL><I>T. Fo$$o.</I></COL></ROW>
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2418 <ROW><COL><I>T. Tramontana.</I></COL><COL><I>V. Torre.</I></COL></ROW>
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2419 <ROW><COL><I>G. Greco.</I></COL><COL><I>X. Porte.</I></COL></ROW>
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2420 <ROW><COL><I>G. Garbino.</I></COL><COL><I>Y. Piazza &amp; foro.</I></COL></ROW>
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2421 <ROW><COL></COL><COL><I>O. Ba$ilica.</I></COL></ROW>
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2422 <ROW><COL></COL><COL><I>I. Strade.</I></COL></ROW>
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2423 <ROW><COL></COL><COL><I>Z. Terrapieni.</I></COL></ROW>
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2424 </TABLE>
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2425 <p><I>A. Denti a gui$a di $ega.</I>
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2426 <p><I>B. Contra forti a gui$a di pettine.</I>
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2427 <p><I>C. La muraglia uer$o la citt&agrave;.</I>
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2428 <p><I>D. Lamuraglia e$teriore.</I>
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2429 <p><I>Bargine, o Terrapieno.</I>
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2430 <foot><I>G</I> 2</foot>
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2431 <pb n="52">
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2432 <fig>
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2433 <pb n="53">
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2434 <fig>
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2435 <pb n="54">
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2436 <p><I>a. f. correnti per lo lungo de i contra$orti, ouero catena. b. paloni per lo dritto
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2437 del parete. c. incrocciamenti e$teriori. e. ripre$e &amp; immor$ature.
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2438 A pareti e$teriori. I Il piano doue fini$ce i paloni.</I>
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2439 <p>Ordine nelle di$po$itioni delle mura nelle forti$icationi de gli antichi.
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2440 <p><I>A il luogo del terrapieno. d. nerue per le fibule che $e incrocciano. p. o. lun-
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2441 ghezza da un contraforte all'altro. o. r. &amp; p q. lunghezza de i contraforti che &egrave;
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2442 piedi uenti due. b &amp; f. incrocciamenti delle nerue. q angoli a modo di $eghe.
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2443 e b $ catena per il lungo de i contraforti lunga piedi trenta$ei, &amp; gro$$a per larghez
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2444 zo uno piede, &amp; per altezza tre quarti. G H nerua ocorrente di legno che riceue
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2445 in $e i capi delle catene. K l parte interiore, cio&egrave; pomerio. i u gro$$ezza delle
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2446 mura. i r ri$alto de gli angoli a modo di $eghe piedi quattro. M N parte e$te
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2447 riore delle mura.</I>
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2448 <HEAD><I>Della diui$ione delle opere, che $ono dentro le mura, &amp;
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2449 della di$po$itione di quelle per i$chifare i fiati no-
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2450 ciui de i uenti. Cap. VI.</I></HEAD>
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2451 <p>CIRCONDATA la Citt&agrave; di mura, $eguita il compartimento di dentro del-
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2452 le piazze, &amp; de gli $pacij, &amp; il drizzamento delle contrade, &amp; de i capi del-
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2453 le uie alle parti del Cielo. Drizzeranno$i bene, $e prudentemente $aranno
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2454 e$clu$i i uenti da i capi delle uie: perche i uenti, $e $ono freddi, offendeno, $e
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2455 caldi, gua$tano, $e humidi, nuoceno. per il che pare, che egli $i debbia $chifare que$to
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2456 difetto, &amp; auertire, che non auuenga quello, che in molte Citt&agrave; $uole auenire. Come
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2457 nell'I$ola di Lesbo il ca$tello di Metelino, &egrave; fatto magnificamente, &amp; con molti orna-
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2458 menti, ma po$to $enza con$ideratione. in quella Citt&agrave; $offiando l'O$tro gli huomini $i am-
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2459 malano, $offiando Cauro to$si$cono, $offiando Tramontana $i ri$anano, ma non po$$ono
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2460 per la forza del freddo fermar$i nelle piazze, o ne i capi delle $trade.
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2461 <p><I>Dapoi che Vitruuio ha trattato della regione, &amp; delle $ue qualit&agrave;; che era la prima
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2462 con$ideratione, che $i doueua hauere per $ituare la Citt&agrave;, &amp; dapoi che ci ha dimo$trato come
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2463 egli $i ha da pigliare una parte della regione, &amp; circondarla di dife$e, &amp; munitione di mu-
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2464 raglia, con ragione egli uuole in$egnare a compartire il piano rinchiu$o da tutto il circoito
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2465 delle mura. &amp; prima con$idera il compartimento quanto appartiene a $chifare le co$e no-
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2466 ciue, &amp; que$to fa nel pre$ente Capo. Dapoi quanto appartiene alla di$tributione, &amp; di$pen
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2467 $atione de i luoghi, &amp; que$to fa nel $ettimo, &amp; ultimo capo del pre$ente libro. Quanto al-
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2468 la prima parte Vitruuio con e$$empi prima ci fa auuertiti, che per li noio$i fiati de uenti al-
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2469 cun danno non $i $enta. Dapoi di$correndo $opra la natura, forza, nomi, numero, &amp; $ito
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2470 de i uenti per formarne poi certa, &amp; terminata figura, ci mo$tra come habbiamo con quel-
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2471 la a reggerci nelle dritture delle $trade. Lesbo &egrave; I$ola nel mar Egeo detto Arcipelago, uolge
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2472 cento et $e$$anta miglia, &amp; ha la $ua metropoli detta Metilino, dalla quale hoggi tutta l'I$o
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2473 la &egrave; nominata. ben &egrave; uero, che hora &egrave; priua de gli antichi ornamenti, &amp; &egrave; andata in ruina.
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2474 Giace Metelino uer$o Tramontana, &egrave; uolto s. Theodoro a Ponente. il colfo Caloni a Garbino,
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2475 il colfo Ieremidia tra Sirocco, &amp; Leuante. Metelino adunque &egrave; mal $ituato, &amp; compartito:
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2476 percioche &egrave; $ottopo$ta a i uenti, de i quali la maggior parte $ono mal $ani: per&ograve; nel com-
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2477 partimento delle piazze, &amp; delle sho<*>cature delle $trade, bi$ogna hauere con$ideratione al-</I>
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2478 <pb n="55">
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2479 <I>le qualit&agrave; de i uenti. Da que$to precetto, Vitruuio $i piglia una bella occa$ione di filo$o$a-
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2480 re d'intorno la natura, &amp; qualit&agrave; de i uenti, &amp; per&ograve; dicendo prima, che co$a &egrave; uento, co
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parents:
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2481 mincia a que$to modo.</I>
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2482 <p>Il uento &egrave; onda del mare, che $corre con incerta abbondanza di mouimento: egli na
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diff changeset
2483 $ce quando il caldo ritroua il $reddo, &amp; lo impeto del feruore e$prime la forza dello $pi
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2484 rito che $offia: &amp; que$to $i dimo$tra e$$er uero dalle palle dette Eolopile: &amp; con gli ar-
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2485 ti$icio$i ritrouamenti delle co$e $i tragge dalle $ecrete ragioni del cielo quanto &egrave; uero
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2486 della diuinit&agrave;. Fanno$i le dette palle cauate di rame con un punto $tretti$simo per lo-
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2487 quale $i ui mette dentro l'acqua, &amp; $i poneno al fuoco. &amp; prima che $iano calde non
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2488 mandano fuori alcun $iato, ma poi che cominciano a bollire, fanno al fuoco una gran
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diff changeset
2489 forza di $pignere, &amp; di $offiare.
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2490 <p><I>Diffini$ce Vitruuio il uento, &amp; mo$ira da che na$ce, &amp; proua il na$cimento con co$e $en-
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diff changeset
2491 $ibili. Dice adunque il uento e$$er onda del mare: $i come l'onda non &egrave; altro, che una parte
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2492 d'acqua unita, &amp; raccolta, che uer$o alcuna parte cacciata in$ieme $i muoue: co$i uuole
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diff changeset
2493 Vitruuio, che il uento $ia parte dello aere in $e ri$tretta, che in alcuna parte pieghi, &amp; per&ograve; ha
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parents:
diff changeset
2494 detto, che'l uento &egrave; onda del aere, che con incerto &amp; sforzeuole mouimento $i commoue. Na$ce
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diff changeset
2495 il uento (come dice Vitr.) quando il calore s'incontra con l'humore, &amp; per lo feruore $i man-
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2496 da fuori la forza dello $pirito, che $offia. $e bene Vitruuio ci da lo e$$empio per prouare, che
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diff changeset
2497 il uento na$ce dal calore, che opera nella humidit&agrave;: non per&ograve; e$pone chiaramente lo effetto.
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diff changeset
2498 Diremo adunque noi quello, che da no$tri precettori hauemo imparato. Il uento, &egrave; uapore del
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diff changeset
2499 la terra, che a$cende all'altezza dello aere, &amp; $cacciato dal freddo, che in quella parte $i
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parents:
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2500 truoua, percuote lo aere con uiolenza. il calore delSole, &amp; d'altri corpi celesti ha uirt&ugrave; di
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parents:
diff changeset
2501 trarre dalla terra alcuni fumi o uapori, &amp; leuarli in alto, perche la propriet&agrave; del calore,
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diff changeset
2502 &egrave; tirare a $e: il che $i fa $caldando, &amp; facendo i corpi piu rari. Que$ti uapori $ono alcune
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diff changeset
2503 parti $ottili dell'humore terre$ire, che non hanno n&egrave; calore, n&egrave; figura determinata, hanno al
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2504 cuni calore, &amp; humidit&agrave;: alcuni calore, &amp; $iccit&agrave;. de i primi $i genera ogni humida impre$sio-
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diff changeset
2505 $ione, come le nubi, la pioua, la rugiada, la neue, la grandine, la brina, le fonti, il mare. de
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2506 i $econdi $i fa ogni infiammato, &amp; acce$o ardore, &amp; tutto quello, che &egrave; di calda, &amp; $ecc&aacute;
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diff changeset
2507 natura, &amp; per&ograve; i fuochi, i lampi, i tizzoni, le comete, le ca$e ardenti, le $telle cadenti, le
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2508 corone lumino$e, i fulmini, le uoragini, &amp; apriture dello aere e$tiuo, i uenti, i turbini, &amp; al
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2509 tre apparenze d'imperfette mi$ture da quelli hanno origine, come da materie loro proportio-
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2510 nate. Noi diremo de i uenti. Il Sole adunque ha uirtu di tirar al modo che detto hauemo quel
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2511 uapore che &egrave; caldo, &amp; $ecco, &amp; $i chiama e$altatione, come il primo caldo, &amp; humido, $i
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2512 dice uapore; Que$ti adunque u$cito dalla terra, per e$$er di natura di fuoco s'inalza, &amp; $i
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2513 lieua dritto all'in $u, &amp; a$cende fin che egli ritruoua la parte di mezo dello aere, &amp; che &egrave; fred
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2514 da per e$$er di$tante, &amp; dal ri$alimento de i raggi del Sole, che dalla terra $i fa, &amp; dal fer-
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parents:
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2515 uore dello elemento del fuoco. ritrouando adunque il freddo, come nimico lo fugge, &amp; hauen-
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2516 do pure natura di fuoco cerca di a$cendere: ma e$$endo ribattuto dal freddo, &egrave; forza, che di-
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2517 $cenda, &amp; per que$to contra$to &egrave; $cacciato da i lati, &amp; in giro $i muoue per la uiolenza fat-
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parents:
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2518 tagli dal freddo, che lo ribatte in giu, &amp; per la naturale inclinatione, che lo porta in $u, pre
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2519 dominando il fuoco in e$$o. &amp; per&ograve; il uento non &egrave; altro che calda, &amp; $ecca e$alatione mo$$a
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parents:
diff changeset
2520 da i lati, d'intorno la terra, per la ribattuta del freddo, che &egrave; nella mezana parte dello ae-
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parents:
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2521 re. &amp; $e bene alcuna fiata chiamamo uento lo aere mo$$o, come $i uede dal $offiar de i folli, o
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2522 dal far$i uento la $tate, o dalle palle $opradette, che Elopile $i chiamano, qua$i palle uento$e,
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parents:
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2523 non &egrave; per&ograve;, che il uento $ia mouimento dello aere, perche bene puo $tare, che lo aere $i muo-
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parents:
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2524 ua con il uento, &amp; il uento per&ograve; non $ia onda dello aere. Laragione del $offiar delle Eolopile,
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parents:
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2525 &egrave; perche il fuoco opera nell'acqua col $uo calore, &amp; cerca di conuertirla in aere, &amp; perche le di
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2526 men$ioni dello aere $ono maggiori delle dimen$ioni dell'acqua, per e$$ere lo aere piu raro, per&ograve;</I>
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2527 <pb n="56">
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parents:
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2528 <I>l'acqua conuertit a in acre cerca d'u$cire, &amp; ritrouar luogo capace, &amp; pa$$ando per uno $ireti$-
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parents:
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2529 $imo punto, $a quello impeto, che $i uede. &amp; $e con piu forza il calore, pote$$e pre$to conuer-
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parents:
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2530 tire l'acqua in fuoco, come $a la poluere dell artigliaria; $i uedercbbe gagliardi$$imo e$$etto, &amp;
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parents:
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2531 le palle non durerebbono, ma $pezzate fariano del male, come hanno fatto ad alcuni. Maper-
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parents:
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2532 che l'e$alatione, che &egrave; uapore caldo, &amp; $ecco, $ia principio de i uenti, egli $i proua per tre $egni.
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2533 Il primo &egrave;, che per li molti uenti, che regnano, le regioni $i fanno calde, &amp; $ecche. il $econdo &egrave;, che
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parents:
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2534 i gran uenti fanno ce$$ar le pioggie. Il terzo &egrave;, che uengono piu uenti, cio&egrave; dal Settentrione,
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parents:
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2535 meriggie, &amp; da Ponente, che da Leuante, perche in quelle parti $i troua maggior copia di e$ala-
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2536 tioni. Que$ti $egni pareno contrarij di primo a$petto alla i$perienza. &amp; prima, perche quando
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2537 $ono gran uenti, pare che regni maggior freddo. dapoi non $i uede, che gli huomini ri$caldati cer-
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parents:
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2538 cano di far$i uento, per raffreddar$i? Ri$pondo, che il freddo, che $i $ente al tempo, che $o$$ia-
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2539 no i uenti, na$ce per la me$colanza che $anno le e$alationi, con i uapori $reddi, &amp; humidi,
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2540 quando s'incontrano, &amp; anche dalla freddura dello aere, con il quale $ono me$colati i uapori,
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parents:
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2541 perche puo anche e$$ere, che la e$alatione $ia mutata per lo freddo, che ella troua nel mezo
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2542 dello aere, ma ce$$ando il uento il pae$e re$ta a$ciutto, &amp; caldo. Al $econdo io dico, che per lo
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2543 far$i uento egli $i muoue lo aere, &amp; $i ri$trigne, il quale aere &egrave; piu freddo che il corpo humano
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2544 ri$caldato, &amp; per&ograve; &egrave; di$iderato. il uento adunque &egrave; e$alatione leuata da terra alla mezana par-
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parents:
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2545 te dello aere, &amp; dal freddo $cacciata. &amp; $i come il fiume da principio pre$$o la fonte &egrave; poco, &amp;
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2546 allontanando$i dalla $ua origine per lo ingre$$o d'altre acque $i fa maggiore, co$i il uento uicino al
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2547 luogo, doue egli $i lieua &egrave; poco, &amp; partendo$i &egrave; molto, ritrouando $empre altri uapori, con i quali
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2548 egli s'accompagna, n&egrave; prima la e$alatione $ifa uento, che ella $ia $cacciata dal freddo dello aere.
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2549 Muoue$i in giro per la $opra detta cagione, &amp; for$e anche $eguendo il mouimento delle stelle,
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2550 &amp; de i pianeti, che lo muoueno.</I>
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2551 <p>Et in que$to modo da picciola, &amp; breui$sima ueduta, $i puo $apere, &amp; far giudicio del-
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2552 le grandi, &amp; immen$e ragioni del Cielo, &amp; della natura de i uenti; perche $e i uenti $aran-
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2553 no i$clu$i, non $olo a i corpi $ani faranno il luogo $alubre, ma anchora $e per altri difetti
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2554 ci $aranno delle infirmit&agrave;, le quali in altri luoghi $ani $i curano con medicine contrarie,
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2555 qui per la temperata e$clu$ione de i uenti piu facilmente $aranno curate.
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parents:
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2556 <p><I>Conchiude Vitru. quanto ha $opra detto. poi comincia a narrare le infermit&agrave;, che na$ce-
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2557 no da i uenti, dicendo.</I>
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2558 <p>I mali, che difficilmente $i curano ne i detti luoghi $ono, la grauezza, i dolori artetici,
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2559 la puntura, il Ti$ico, l'u$cire il $angue, &amp; le altre infermit&agrave;, che con lo aggiugnere, &amp; non
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2560 con lo $cemare $i curano. Que$te difficilmente $i leuano, prima perche uengono da i fred-
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2561 di, dapoi perche indebolite le forze per l'infermit&agrave;, lo aere commo$$o da i uenti $i a$$otti-
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2562 glia, &amp; unitamente leua il $ucco da i corpi offe$i, &amp; gli rende piu uoti, &amp; e$tenuati. Ma per
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2563 lo contratio l'aere dolce, quieto, &amp; ripo$ato, &amp; non agitato da i uenti, &egrave; piu den$o, perche
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2564 non $offia, n&egrave; ha $pe$$e commotioni per la $ua $tabilit&agrave;, aggiugnendo alle membra de i
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2565 corpi, notri$ce, &amp; ri$tora coloro, che $ono da $imili infermit&agrave; oppre$si.
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2566 <p><I>Ogni infermit&agrave; na$ce ouero da ecce$$o, ouero da mancamento, cura$i dal contrario riem-
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2567 piendo oue manca, &amp; leuando doue abonda. Vuole Vitru. che le $opradette infermit&agrave;, uenghino
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2568 da difetto, &amp; mancamento, dicendone la ragione, che lo aere a$$ottigliato per l'agitatione de i
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2569 uenti, a$ciuga l'humore de i corpi, &amp; gli indeboli$ce, &amp; il freddo gli o$fende: per que$to riuol-
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2570 gendo$i al contrario, uuole che lo aere dolce, &amp; tranquillo gli riempia, &amp; notri$ca, &amp; $ia ot-
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2571 timo rimedio alle $opradette infirmit&agrave;. Grauezza &egrave; humore, che di$cende dal capo, $erra le na-
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2572 rici, ingro$$a la uoce, &amp; muoue la $ecca to$$e. Hippocrate chiama tutte le grauezze, &amp; di-
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2573 $tillationi crizas. I dolori artetici $ono pa$$ioni di quelle parti, che $ono appre<02>o le giunture,
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2574 &amp; legamenti, &amp; $ono nerui, o<02>a, &amp; uene. Dubita Galeno $opra il $estodecimo aphori$mo
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2575 <05> Hippocrate nel terzo libro, che co$a ueramente s'intenda, per que$to nome Arthritis, &amp; dice.</I>
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2576 <pb n="57">
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2577 <I>Degni co$a &egrave; adunque cercare quali pa$$ioni de nerui, &amp; di ligature detto habbia Hippocrate,
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2578 che $i fanno nelle $iccit&agrave;: percioche $e li $ecchi immoderati haueranno con$umata la humidit&agrave; de
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2579 ilegamenti, faranno un certo mouimento difficile per la $iccit&agrave;, &amp; for$e apporteranno dolore,
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2580 ma non faranno per&ograve; quella infermit&agrave;, che &egrave; detta Arthritis, $e per $orte alcuno non uuole nomi-
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2581 nare con que$to nome ogni dolore de nerui. Ma il medc$imo Hipp. nel $econdo libro delle Epidi-
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2582 mie dice in que$to modo. Quelli, che per fame nell'I$ola Aeno, che &egrave; nel golfo Arabico, man-
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2583 giauano de legumi haueuano debolezza di gambe, &amp; quelli, che u$auano per cibo la ueccia, pa-
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2584 tiuano dolori nelle ginocchia. questi Hippocrate non chiama arthretici, ma doglio$i delle ginoc-
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2585 chia. Ma for$e alcuno dir&agrave;, che Arthritis $i chiama il dolore non di una giuntura, o d un neruo
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2586 $olo, ma di molti in$ieme, &amp; in latino &egrave; detto morbus articularis. &amp; nell'ultima parte &egrave; posta la
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2587 $olutione della dimanda. La pleuritide &egrave; apo$tema dentro le co$te, chiama$i la puntura. Pthi$is
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2588 $ono le piaghe in$anabili del polmone, dalle quali con lenta febre uiene la estenuatione di tutto il
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2589 corpo, &amp; finalmente la morte, ce$$ando lo $puto. l'u$cire il $angue, cioe $putare il $angue, &egrave; det-
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2590 to in Greco Aemopthi$is, &amp; $i cau$a da $iccit&agrave;, &amp; le $opradette infirmit&agrave; $i curano difficilmente
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2591 ri$petto alli uenti, &amp; per&ograve; Hipp. al quinto Aphori$mo del terzo libro dice in que$to modo. i uenti
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2592 Au$trali a$$ordano, ingro$$ano la ui$ta, fanno pe$are il capo, rendeno gli huomini lenti, &amp; pi-
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2593 gri, &amp; gli di$cioglieno, &amp; quando anderanno que$ti tempi, nelle malattie $i deono a$pettare $i-
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2594 mili effetti. da gli aquilonari, &amp; $ettentrionali nengono le to$$i, la raucedine, durezza di uentre,
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2595 difficult&agrave; d'urina, gli horrori, &amp; i dolori delle co$te, &amp; del uentre. La ragione delle predette
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2596 co$a, &egrave; (come dice Gal.) percioche i uenti Au$trali riempieno, &amp; otturano, perche $eco appor-
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2597 tano grande humidit&agrave;, la quale riempie gli in$trumenti de i $en$i humani, donde pigri, $onnac-
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2598 chio$i, &amp; aggrauati re$tano. Ma per li uenti $ettentrionali per i$temperatura de gli instrumenti
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2599 che $erueno alla re$piratione, &amp; per l'a$prezza delle canne nata dal $ecco, &amp; dal freddo, uengono
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2600 le predette infirmit&agrave;: &amp; que$to per hora ci pu&ograve; ba$tare, il re$t&atilde;te copio$am&emacr;te da medici &egrave; traltato.</I>
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2601 <p>Piacque ad alcuno, che i uenti fu$$ero quattro. Dall Oriente Equinottiale il Solano:
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2602 dal Meriggie l'O$tro: dal Ponente Equinottiale il Fauonio: dal Settentrionale il Setten-
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2603 trione. Ma chi con maggiore diligenza hanno inue$tigato, otto ne po$ero. &amp; $pecialmen-
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parents:
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2604 te Andronico Cirre$te, ilquale ne fece lo e$$empio, fabricando in Athene una Torre di
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2605 marmo fatta in otto faccie, &amp; in cia$cuna $colp&igrave; la imagine d'un uento, che riguardaua
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parents:
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2606 contra il $offio cia$cuno del $uo. &amp; $opra la Torre ui po$e una Meta di marmo, nella cui
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2607 $ommit&agrave; ui fi$$e un Tritone di rame, che con la de$tra porgeua una uerghetta, &amp; lo fece
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2608 in modo, che mo$$o dal uento facilmente $i giraua, &amp; $i fermaua incontra'l uento. tenendo
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2609 $opra la imagine del uento $colpito la uerghetta dimo$tratrice del uento, &amp; co$i tra'l So-
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2610 lano, &amp; l'O$tro dal uerno Oriente, Euro &egrave; collocato. Tra l'O$tro &amp; Fauonio dal uerno
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2611 Occidente, Affrico. Tra'l Fauonio, &amp; il Settentrione Cauro, detto Coro da molti.
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2612 Tra il Settentrione e'l Solano, Aquilone. &amp; co$i pare, che dichiarito $ia &amp; e$pre$$o di che
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parents:
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2613 maniera egli prenda il numero, i nomi, &amp; le parti de i uenti, d'onde $pirino determinata-
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2614 mente. la qual co$a e$$endo$i in que$to modo inue$tigata, accioche egli $i $appia pigliare
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2615 le regioni, &amp; i na$cimenti loro, co$i bi$ogna ragionare.
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2616 <p><I>Il numero de i uenti ci darebbe confu$ione, $e egli non $i auuerti$ce, che $econdo diuer$e in-
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2617 tentioni, &amp; ri$petti $i ua uariando. per&ograve; $aper douemo, che in quattro modi $i distingueno i uen-
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2618 ti. primieramente $econdo tutti i punti, che $ono nella circonferenza dell'Orizonte. Orizonte
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2619 &egrave; circolo che parte la met&agrave; del mondo, che $i uede da quella, che non $i uede. &amp; $i puo chiama-
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2620 re terminatore de gli hemi$peri. $econdo que$to modo, $i darebbeno infiniti uenti, perche da tut-
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2621 ti i punti dell'Orizonte $pirano i uenti: &amp; perche non cadeno $otto regola, non facendo di$tintio-
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2622 ne alcuna, per&ograve; $i la$ciano. I Filo$ofi fanno quattro uenti ri$petto alle me$colanze delle quattro
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2623 prime qualit&agrave;, che $ono caldo, freddo, humido, &amp; $ecco; gli Astrologi $imilmente, hauendo ri-
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2624 guardo a quattro parti principali del mondo, che anguli $i chiamano, o regioni, conuengono con</I>
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2625 <foot><I>H</I></foot>
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2626 <pb n="58">
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2627 <I>i Filo$ofi, &amp; con i $acri $crittori, &amp; fanno gli i$te$$i quattro uenti. Leuante detto Solanus,
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2628 Ostro dal mezo d&igrave;, Fauonio dal Ponente, &amp; Tramontana dal Settentrione: &amp; intendeno Lc-
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2629 uante &amp; Ponente doue il Solna$ce, o $i pone al tempo dello Equinottio. I mede$imi A$trologi
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2630 per altri ri$petti ne $anno otto traponendoui quattro altri tra gli primi: &amp; co$i gli collocorno,
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2631 come dice Vitr. hauer $atto Andronico Cirre$te in una Torre in Athene. &amp; i piu diligen i inqui-
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2632 $itori di$tingueno i uent i dalle dodici parti del Zodiaco, che $ono i dodici $egni cele$ti, $ot o i qua-
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2633 li il Sole ha uirt&ugrave; di leuarela natura de i uenti. Et que$ta con$ideratione &egrave; propria de gli A$tro-
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diff changeset
2634 logi. Il quarto modo &egrave; de i Co$mografi, &amp; nauiganti; per&ograve; alcuni ne hanno fatto uentiquat-
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diff changeset
2635 tro, alcuni trentadue. I praticati uenti della nauigatione a i giorni no$tri $ono trentadue, per
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diff changeset
2636 commodit&agrave; di marinari, i quali cono$ceno $en$ibile mutatione da trentadue punti dell'Orizonte
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diff changeset
2637 nel nauigare per un dritto. i co$mogra$i ne hanno fatto uentiquattro, non e$$endo for$e co$i au-
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diff changeset
2638 nertiti del bi$ogno de marinari. come dir&agrave; Vitr. ilquale $e bene $apeua, che da ogni parte dell'O-
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diff changeset
2639 rizonte $offiano i uenti, per&ograve; ha posto quelli, che regnano per la maggior parte, &amp; ha hauuto
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diff changeset
2640 ri$petto piu presto alle qualit&agrave; de i uenti, che a gli uenti, la comple$$ione de i quali $i ua mutan-
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diff changeset
2641 do &amp; nell'uniuer$ale, &amp; nel particolare. per que$ta cagione $i potr&agrave; prendere il modo di rom-
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diff changeset
2642 pere quelli uenti, che $aranno di maggior nocumento a gli habitanti della citt&agrave;, habbin$i qual
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diff changeset
2643 nome $i uoglia, &amp; uenghino da che parte po$$ono uenire. per altri ri$petti $i po$$ono accre$ce-
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diff changeset
2644 re i nomi, &amp; il numero de i uenti, il che non ci deue perturbare. ma uediamo, come Vitru.
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diff changeset
2645 comparti$ca i uenti. perche de i loro temperar enti ne trattano i medici diffu$amente.</I>
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diff changeset
2646 <p>Po$to $ia nel mezo della citt&agrave; un piano quadro a huello, ouero $ia i$pianato il luogo,
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2647 &amp; pareggiato in modo, che'l detto quadro non $i di$ideri. ponga$i poi nel mezo centro
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2648 di e$$o lo $tile di rame, che indice, &amp; dimo$tratore dell'ombra $i chiama. &amp; $opra il detto
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2649 quadro, o piano $egni$i l'ombra e$trema fatta dallo $tile qua$i l'hora quinta auanti il me-
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2650 riggie: &amp; faccia$i il $egno con un punto, dapoi rallargata la $e$ta al punto, che &egrave; $egno
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2651 della lunghezza dell'ombra, &amp; fermata nel centro faccia$i il giro finito. dapoi $ia o$$er-
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diff changeset
2652 uato dopo'l mezo d&igrave; l'ombra cre$cente cagionata dallo $tile: &amp; quando quella hauer&agrave; toc-
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diff changeset
2653 cito il giro gia fatto, &amp; hauer&agrave; pareggiato all'ombra fatta dinanzi al mezo d&igrave;, l'ombra
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2654 fatta dapoi, in quel toccamento bi$ogna fare un punto. da que$ti due punti con la $e$ta
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2655 farai lo incrocciamento, &amp; per tale incrocciamento, &amp; per lo centro di mezo $i deue ti-
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2656 rare una linea, che tocchi le e$tremit&agrave; del giro, accioche $i habbia la regione meridiana,
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2657 &amp; la Settentrionale. Fatto que$to bi$ogna pigliare la $e$tadecima parte di tutto il giro,
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2658 &amp; poner il centro nella linea meridiana, la doue tocca la circonferenza, &amp; $i deue $egna-
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2659 re dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra nella detta circonferenza, &amp; dalla parte del mezo d&igrave;, &amp;
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parents:
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2660 dalla parte di Tramontana: dapoi da que$ti quattro $egni per mezo del centro $i deue-
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2661 no tirare in croce le linee, che con le loro e$tremit&agrave; tocchino la circonferenza, &amp; con
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2662 que$to modo egli $i hauer&agrave; il di$egno dell'ottaua parte dell'O$tro, &amp; del Settentrione.
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2663 Le altre parti ueramente, che $ono tre dalla de$tra, &amp; tre dalla $ini$tra $i deono in tutta la
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2664 circonferenza tirare eguali a que$te: in modo che le eguali diui$ioni de gli otto uenti $ia-
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diff changeset
2665 no nella de$crittione, &amp; compartimento di$egnate. Allhora per gli anguli tra due regio-
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diff changeset
2666 ni de i uenti pare che drizzar $i debbiano le dritture delle piazze, &amp; i capi delle uie, per-
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2667 che con tali ragioni, &amp; compartimenti dalle habitationi, da i borghi, &amp; dalle contrade
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2668 $ar&agrave; e$clu$a la mole$ta, &amp; danno$a $orza de i uenti. Altrimenti quando le piazze $aranno
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diff changeset
2669 a dritto de i uenti di$egnate, uenendo lo impeto &amp; il $offiare frequente dallo ampio, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
2670 libero $pacio del Cielo, rin chiu$o nelle bocche, &amp; nelle entrate delle uie, &amp; delle $tra-
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parents:
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2671 de, andr&agrave; con piu forzeuole mouimento uagando: perilche le dritture de i borghi, &amp; del-
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2672 le ui cinanze deono e$$er riuo'te dalle regioni de i uenti, accioche peruenendo quelli a gli
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diff changeset
2673 anguli delle I$ole, &amp; alle cantonate de i capi delle uie, $iano rotti, &amp; ribattuti $iano
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parents:
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2674 di$sipati.
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2675 <pb n="56">
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2676 <p><I>Le co$e dette da Vitr. con lo e$$empio di alcune figure $ono dimo$trate. nel$ una $egnata III.
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diff changeset
2677 &egrave; il modo di ritrouare la meridiana. A, &egrave; lo centro doue $i pone lo $tile, B, &amp; C. $ono i punti
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2678 delle ombre dello stile, C. la ombra della quinta hora inanzi, &amp; b. della quinta dapoi il mezo
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2679 d&igrave;. D. &egrave; lo incrocciamento della $esta fermata $opra i punti, B. &amp; c. dell'ombra. E F &egrave; la li-
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2680 nea meridiana. La mede$ima &egrave; nella figura IIII. douef K. &egrave; la $e$ta decima parte di tutto il
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diff changeset
2681 circolo, &amp; K i. la ottaua, come $ono la h g. &amp; la g m, &amp; la L i. &amp; la h n. &amp; la no. &amp; la
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2682 o K. nel mezo delle quali $ono i uenti, come $i uede nella piant a $opra po$ta della citt&agrave;, doue la
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2683 Croce $egna il leuante, P. Ponente, O O$tro, T. Tramontana, S. Sirocco, M. Mae$tro, l'un
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parents:
diff changeset
2684 G. Garbino, &amp; l'altro Greco. &amp; $i uede come i uenti $i rompeno ne gli anguli delli capi del-
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2685 le uie. Euui la figura $egnata. 1. con li trenta due uenti de nauiganti $egnati a que$to modo.</I>
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2686 <p><19>. <I>Leuante, Solanus.</I>
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parents:
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2687 <p><I>P. Ponente, Fauonius, uel Zephirus.</I>
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2688 <p><I>T. Tramontana. Septentrio. Aparectias.</I>
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2689 <p><I>O. O$tro, Au$ter.</I>
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2690 <p><I>M. Mae$tro. Caurus.</I>
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2691 <p><I>L. Libecchio, o Garbino, Caurus, o Corus.</I>
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2692 <p><I>S. Sirocco, Eurus.</I>
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2693 <p><I>G. Grego, Aquilo,</I>
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2694 <p>1. <I>Sirocco Leuante.</I>
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2695 <p>2. <I>O$tro Sirocco. Euro Au$ter.</I>
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2696 <p>3. <I>O$tro Garbino, Libanotus, uel Au$tro affricus.</I>
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2697 <p>4. <I>Ponente Garbino.</I>
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2698 <p>5. <I>Ponente Mae$tro.</I>
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2699 <p>6. <I>Mae$tro Tramontana.</I>
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2700 <p>7. <I>Greco Tramontana.</I>
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2701 <p>8. <I>Greco Leuante.</I>
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2702 <p>9. <I>Tra Sirocco, &amp; Sirocco Leuante. &amp; co$i ua $eguendo come dimo$tra la figura.</I>
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2703 <foot><I>H</I> 2</foot>
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2704 <pb n="60">
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2705 <fig>
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2706 <pb n="61">
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2707 <p>Ma $or$e quelli, che hanno piu nomi di uenti cono$ciuto, prenderanno merauiglia,
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2708 che io habbia detto, che $olo otto uenti $i ritruouano. Ma $e auuertiranno tutto il cir-
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2709 cuito della terra e$$ere $tato da Erato$tene Cireneo con Mathematiche ragioni, &amp; uie ri-
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2710 trouato per lo cor$o del $ole, &amp; per le ombre dello $tile equinottiali, dalla inclinatione del
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parents:
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2711 cielo e$$ere di $tadi ducento &amp; cinquanta due mila, che $ono pa$$a 31500000. trentauna
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2712 fiata mille migliaia &amp; cinque cento $iate mille, &amp; di que$te l'ottaua parte e$$er da un ucnto
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2713 occupata, che &egrave; di pa$si 3937500. non $i doueriano merauigliare, $e in tanto grande i$pa-
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diff changeset
2714 cio un uento uagando col ce$$are, &amp; col ritorno far&agrave; uarie mutationi di $o$$iare. Et per&ograve;
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diff changeset
2715 cerca l'O$tro dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra &egrave; il uento detto Leuconotus, &amp; il uento nomina
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diff changeset
2716 to Altanus. d'intorno allo Affrico $o$$ia il Libonoto, &amp; quello, che $i chiama Subue$pe-
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diff changeset
2717 rus; D'intorno &agrave; Fauonio $pira l'Argc$te, &amp; a certi tempi le Ete$ie. Da i lati del Cauro,
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diff changeset
2718 $ta il Circio, &amp; il Coro. cerca il Settentrione, Thra$ias, &amp; Gallico. Dalla de$tra, &amp; dal-
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diff changeset
2719 la $ini$tra dello Aquilone $of$ia Borea, &amp; Supernate. D'intorno al Solano &egrave; Carbas, &amp; a
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diff changeset
2720 certi tempi le Ornithie, Ma dallo Euro, che tiene le parti di mezo da i lati $tanno Cecias,
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diff changeset
2721 &amp; Vulturno.
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diff changeset
2722 <p><I>In que$to luogo Vitr. ri$ponde a quello, che $e gli potrebbe opponere cerca il numero de i uen-
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diff changeset
2723 ti. potrebbe dire alcuno, o Vitr. tu hai numerati $olamente otto uenti, ma dei $apere, che ne $ono
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2724 molti altri cono$ciuti, per&ograve; non doueui affermare quanto hai detto. Ri$ponde Vitr. che motto be
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diff changeset
2725 ne pu&ograve; $tar quello, che egli ha detto del numero de i uenti, &amp; che anche $iano cono$ciuti altri uen
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diff changeset
2726 ti: Et la ragione &egrave; que$ta. Perche non &egrave; da marauigliar$i, $e uno uento i$te$$o uagando grandi$$i-
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parents:
diff changeset
2727 mo $pacio, col ce$$are, &amp; col ritorno faccia diuer$amente $offiando molte uariet&agrave;, dalle quali $i
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2728 prendino diuer$i nomi di uenti. Ma direbbe alcuno, &amp; che $pacio &egrave; co$i grande, per lo quale il uen
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2729 to ha da uagare? Ri$ponde, quello e$$er l'ottaua parte di tutto il giro della terra, la quale &egrave; di mi-
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2730 glia 3937. Prendendo adunque per lo grande $patio qualche mutatione, ouero per la oppo$itio-
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2731 ne de i monti, ouero per l'altezza della terra, ouero per qualche altra cagione, non ci douemo
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diff changeset
2732 marauigliare $e da i lati de gli otto uenti altri ne $ono $tati collocati, come narra Vitr. fin'al nume
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2733 ro di uentiquattro. Et come appare per la figura $egnata. I. doue.</I>
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2734 <fig>
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2735 <p><I>Dice Vitr. che Erato$tene Cireneo che fu gran-
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2736 di$$imo Mathematico, rilrou&ograve; con uie, &amp; modi
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2737 ragioneuoli tutto il giro, &amp; circuito della terra,
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2738 e$$ere $tadi ducento cinquanta due mila, che $o-
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2739 no miglia trentaun mila, &amp; cinquecento, perche
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2740 otto $tadi fanno un miglio, et $ono pa$$a 31500000.
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2741 perche mille pa$$i fanno un miglio, &amp; il pa$$o &egrave; di cinque piedi. L'ottaua par
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2742 te di tutto il circuito &egrave; di miglia 3937. che $ono pa$$a 3937500. Et que$to
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2743 &egrave; lo $patio grande, che Vitr. dice, nel quale per diuer$e cagioni $i puo far ma
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2744 tatione de i uenti. Ma in che modo per lo cor$o del $ole, &amp; per l'ombre dello
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2745 $tile equinottiale Erato$tene ritroua$$e con ragioni mathematiche dalla inclina
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2746 tione del cielo il circuito della terra, $i dichiara dal Maurolico nella $ua co$-
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2747 mografia, in que$to modo. Erato$tene. pre$e due luoghi in Egitto Ale$$an-
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2748 dria, &amp; Siene, i quali due luoghi $ono qua$i $otto un'i$te$$o meridiano, &amp; dallo
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2749 $patio, che &egrave; tra un luogo &amp; l'altro, egli tra$$e tutta la circonferenza della ter-
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2750 ra. Drizz&ograve; adunque lo $tile, che Gnomone $i chiama, in Ale$$andria, &amp; nel me
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2751 zo d&igrave; appunto quando il $ole &egrave; nel principio di Cancro con$ideraua due raggi$o
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2752 lari uno, che cadeua $opra Siene &agrave; piombo, perche Stene &egrave; $otto il tropico del Can
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parents:
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2753 cro; l'altro, che cadeua $opra la punta dello $tile drizzato in Ale$$andria, &amp; gettaua l'ombra uer$o
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2754 Settentrione, percioche Ale$$andria &egrave; di qua dal Tropico detto: &amp; per ragione dello $tile all'om-
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2755 bra trou&ograve; per uia Geometrica, che lo angulo compre$o $otto lo $tile, &amp; $otto'l raggio $olare, era</I>
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2756 <pb n="62">
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2757 <I>la cinquante$ima parte di quattro anguli dritti; &amp; per&ograve; e$$endo que$to angulo eguale &agrave; quello,
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2758 che nel centro della terra fa il raggio, che di$cende per Siene, in$ieme col gnomone, o $tile d'Ale$
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2759 $andria imaginato continuare fin'al centro della terra, imperoche e$$endo i raggi qua$i paralleli,
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2760 gli anguli erano corri$pondenti &amp; $imili, era nece$$ario, che quello $patio di circonferenza, che
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2761 era da Siene ad Ale$$andria fu$$e la cinquante$ima parte del tutto: &amp; per&ograve; mi$urando quella par
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2762 te con gran diligenza, &amp; ritrouandola e$$ere di cinquemila $tad, $eguita, che tutta la circonferen
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2763 za $ia di 250000 $tadi, che $ono miglia trentaun mila ducento &amp; cinquanta. &amp; co$i egli $i po-
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2764 trebbe acconciare &amp; Vitruuio &amp; Plinio. &amp; $e &egrave; diuer$it&agrave; tra gli autori, pen$o, che que-
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2765 $to uegna dalla diuer$it&agrave; delle mi$ure. La figura della dimo$tratione di Erato$tene &egrave; $egnata. <19></I>
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2766 <fig>
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parents:
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2767 <p>Sono ancora piu nomi, &amp; fiati di uenti pre$i
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2768 da i luoghi di doue $pirano, ouero da i $iumi, o
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2769 dalle procelle, che fanno, uenendo da i monti.
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2770 oltra di que$to $ono le aure mattutine, che $pira-
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2771 no quando il $ole $i lieua da terra: perche il $ole
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2772 girando percuote l'humore dello aere, &amp; nello
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2773 alzar$i con impeto $cacciando tragge i fiati dello aere con lo $pirito, che uiene auanti la lu-
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2774 ce. i quali fiati $e leuato il $ole re$tano, $i raunano con le parti del uento Euro; &amp; percio Eu
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2775 ro dalle aure, delle quali egli $i genera, da Greci &egrave; nominato, &amp; il Dimane $imilmente per
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2776 le aure mattutine Aurion da i mede$imi, &egrave; detto.
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2777 <p><I>Aura &egrave; piu pre$to $pirito, che uento, &amp; &egrave; detta dallo aere, perche lieue, &amp; dolce &egrave; il moui-
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2778 mento dello aere, la onde i poeti dicono, che le aure con lieui piume tracorreno lo aere.</I>
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2779 <p>Sono chi niegano Erato$tene hauere potuto drittamente mi$urare lo $patio del mondo:
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2780 ma $ia la mi$ura $ua uera, o non uera, non puo la no$tra $crittura, non hauere la uera
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parents:
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2781 determinatione delle parti, dalle quali na$ceno i uenti. ilche $e co$i &egrave;, poco mancher&agrave;,
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2782 che cia$cun uento non habbia la certa ragione della $ua mi$ura: ma poco piu, o poco me-
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2783 no impeto.
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2784 <p><I>Non uuole contendere Vitr. $e Erato$tene s'habbia portato bene, nel mi$urare il mondo, per-
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2785 cioche que$to gli importa poco, n&egrave; egli uuole u$cire de i termini dello Architetto. n&egrave; puo uariare
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2786 la ragione di trouare i uenti la dubiet&agrave; delle mi$ure della terra: percioche $e bene la mi$ura &egrave; in-
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parents:
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2787 certa, $ono per&ograve; certi i uenti, &amp; uengono da certe &amp; determinate parti del cielo: per&ograve; $e altri
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2788 hanno $cemato, ouero accre$ciuto il numero de gli $tadi di Erato$tene, que$to fa poco al pre$ente
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2789 negotio. n&egrave; meno deue curare Vitr. $e uno uento $ia piu impetuo$o dell'altro. I no$tri per la eleua-
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2790 tione del polo caminando per uno meridiano, col quadr ante hanno trouato, che ad uno grado di
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2791 360. che diuideno il detto meridiano, ri$pondeno in terra miglia $e$$anta Italiani, dal che $i puo far
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2792 conto quanto la terra uadi girando. Vitr piu chiaramente e$pone la figura detta di $opra, &amp; dice.</I>
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2793 <p>Ma perche que$te co$e da noi breuemente e$po$te $ono, mi &egrave; par$o nell'ultimo del libro
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2794 porre due figure dette da Greci $chemata, una, che dimo$tri d'onde uengono certi gli im-
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2795 peti de i uenti; l'altra con che maniera le loro forze con diuer$e dritture di borghi, &amp; di
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2796 piazze $i po$$a $chifare i noio$i fiati de i uenti. Sia adunque in piano eguale il, centro doue
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2797 &egrave; la lettera A. la e$tremit&agrave; dell'ombra fatta dallo $tile inanzi al mezo d&igrave; doue &egrave; la lettera b.
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2798 dal centro A. all'ombra b. allargata la $e$ta $i faccia la linea circolare, &amp; ripo$to lo $tile do
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2799 ue era prima, a$petti$i tanto, che l'ombra $i $minui$ca, &amp; faccia di nuouo cre$cendo l'om-
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2800 bre dopo il mezo d&igrave; eguale all'ombra fatta inanzi, &amp; tocchi la linea circolare doue $i $egne
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diff changeset
2801 r&agrave; con la lettera. c. allhora dal $egno B. al $egno c. con la $e$ta $i de$criuer&agrave; in croce, doue
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diff changeset
2802 &egrave; la lettera. d. dapoi per quello incrocciamento, doue &egrave; la lettera d. &amp; per lo centro. A. $ia
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diff changeset
2803 tirata una linea alla e$trema circonferenza, a i capi della quale $aranno le lettere e. F. Que-
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diff changeset
2804 $ta linea $ar&agrave; dimo$tratrice della parte meridiana, &amp; della parte Settentrionale. dapoi egli
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diff changeset
2805 $i deue pigliare la $e$tadecima parte della linea circolare, &amp; porre il centro della $e$ta nella
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diff changeset
2806 <pb n="63">
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diff changeset
2807 linea metidiana, che tocca la circon$erenza doue &egrave; la lettera. e. Et $egnare dalla de$tra, &amp;
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diff changeset
2808 dalla $ini$tra, doue $ono le lettere. g. h. &amp; poi nella parte Settentrionale, $i deue ponere il
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diff changeset
2809 centro doue &egrave; la lettera F. &amp; $egnare dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra, doue $ono le lettere I. K.
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diff changeset
2810 &amp; dal g. al K. &amp; dal h. allo L. $i deono tirare le linee per lo centro, &amp; co$i quello $pacio,
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diff changeset
2811 che $ar&agrave; nel g. &amp; K. $ar&agrave; lo $patio del uento O$tro, &amp; della parte meridiana: &amp; quello $pa
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parents:
diff changeset
2812 tio, che $ar&agrave; tra'l I. &amp; K. $ar&agrave; lo $patio del Settentrione. Le altre parti, che $ono tre dalla
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diff changeset
2813 de$tra, &amp; tre dalla $ini$tra, e$$er deono egualmente partite. quelle dell'oriente $aranno,
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diff changeset
2814 doue $ono le lettere l. &amp; m. &amp; quelle del Ponente, doue $ono le lettere n. &amp; o. dapoi dallo
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diff changeset
2815 m. all'o. &amp; da l. al n. in croce $i tireranno le linee: &amp; in que$to modo partiti $aranno gli
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diff changeset
2816 $patij, de gli otto uenti, in tutto il giro di$egnato. le quali co$e, quando $aranno in que-
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diff changeset
2817 $ta manicra de$critte in cia$cuno de gli anguli della figura d'otto faccie, $e cominciaremo
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2818 dal mezo d&igrave;: Tra lo Euro, &amp; l'O$tro, $ar&agrave; la lettera. g. tra l'O$tro, &amp; l'Affrico la h.
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diff changeset
2819 trall'Affrico, &amp; Fauonio. n. tra Fauonio, &amp; Cauro. o. tra Cauro, &amp; Settentrione K. tra
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diff changeset
2820 Settentrione, &amp; Aquilone I. tra A quilone, &amp; Solano. L. tra Solano, &amp; Euro. m. Et di$po$te
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diff changeset
2821 in tal modo le predette co$e, ponga$i lo $tile, o gnomone tra gli anguli della figura d'ot-
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2822 to faccie, &amp; in que$ta maniera drizzate $iano le piazze, &amp; le otto diui$ioni de i capi delle uie.
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2823 <p><I>Le figure III. &amp; IIII. di $opra, dimo$irano, quanto ha detto Vitruuio, benche le lettere $iano
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2824 trappo$te. il re$tante &egrave; facile. Parer&agrave; for$e ad alcuno, che il trattare delle fortificationi $ia co$a
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parents:
diff changeset
2825 da e$$er tenuta $ecreta, come che a principi, &amp; a Republiche $olamente debbia e$$er manife$ta:
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2826 Oltra che io ho udito, che alcuni $i dolgono che pale$ando$i il modo del fortificare, egli $i uie-
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2827 ne a giouare a molte genti fuori d'Italia, alle quali par loro, che $i debbiano tenere le
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2828 mani $trette nello in$egnare. A que$ti io non ri$pondo, perche da $e $te$$i uanno a
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diff changeset
2829 ba$$o, come quelli, che e$$endo huomini, uogliono mancare dell'ufficio della humani-
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2830 t&agrave;, &amp; poi $ono ingrati, perche hauendo imparato molte co$e belle, dalle genti di di-
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2831 uer$i pae$i, non uogliono u$are que$ta gratitudine di ricompen$arle ne i bi$ogni della $alu-
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2832 te loro: Oltra che non $anno gli inuidio$i, che gli e$$empi delle fortezze d'Italia po$-
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2833 $ono ammae$trare ogni buono intelletto $enza altra $crittura. A quelli, che lodano la $e-
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parents:
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2834 cretezza direi, che quello, che appartiene alla $alute de gli huomini, non $i deue te-
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parents:
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2835 ner $ecreto, &amp; $e pare a molti co$a grande la inuentione delle machine horribili, che
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2836 a $trage del genere humano, $ono $tate ritrouate, &amp; che il truouarne di nuouo $ia meraui-
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2837 glio$o, &amp; la fatica, &amp; industria di fare quelli tormenti, non $ia fuggita da molti: quanto
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2838 piu ci douemo affaticare per la con$eruatione: &amp; $e le offe$e $ono co$i publiche, come potre-
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2839 mo, o doueremo e$$er pigri a far pale$i, &amp; manife$te le dife$e? Ma in $omma io dir&ograve; a tutti i
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diff changeset
2840 riprenditori delle co$e, que$te poche parole, le quali $iano dette per una fiata; che il giudica-
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2841 re &egrave; operatione di una eccellenti$$ima uirt&ugrave;, &amp; come che difficil co$a, &amp; pericolo$a $ia ad ognu-
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parents:
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2842 no, a coloro ma$$imamente &egrave; dura, &amp; pericolo$a, i quali o non intendeno, o uengono con pro
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2843 ponimento di bia$imare piu pre$to, che di giudicare: &amp; guardando con gli occhi aperti al
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2844 poco di male, $ono ciechi al molto di bene che nelle opere di altri $i truoua. Questa $orte di
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2845 gente (benche pare tra la moltitudine e$$er qualche co$a) perche il riprendere ha in $e una mo-
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2846 $tra d'eccellenza, &amp; d'auantaggio: mentedimeno la uerit&agrave; col tempo $cuopre il difetto dello ani
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parents:
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2847 mo, &amp; le opere loro il mancamento della $cienza, &amp; della buona uolont&agrave;. Alla peruer$it&agrave; di
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2848 que$ti &egrave; $ottopo$to ognuno, che $uol fare, o dare alcuna co$a in publico, quantunque l'hab-
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2849 biano data, o fatta con buona intentione. per&ograve; io $timo che molti prenderanno maggiore
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2850 occa$ione di bia$imare quello, che io con ottimo pen$amento ho propo$to di publicare: impe
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2851 roche il trattamento d'un Arte $ola &egrave; $ottopo$ta al peruer$o giudicio di quelli, che in quel-
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2852 l'arte uogliono e$$er tenuti, o $i $timano, ouero $ono periti, &amp; intendenti: ma il trattare di quel
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2853 la cognitione, che abbraccia molte, &amp; diuer$e $cienze, &amp; Arti, non puo fuggire il bia$i-
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2854 mo di molti, &amp; diuer$i periti, &amp; artefici inuidio$i. de i quali $e in alcun tempo $e n'&egrave; trouate</I>
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2855 <pb n="64">
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2856 <I>abondanza a i d&igrave; no$tri certamente ne $ono in$initi, &amp; for$e que$to adiuiene, perche quan-
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parents:
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2857 to manca loro la i$perienza, la indu$tria, la dottrina, &amp; lo e$$empio de i buoni, tanto $o-
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parents:
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2858 prabonda, l'arroganza, l'auaritia, &amp; li ignoranza loro. Io di que$ti poco mi curerei, quan
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parents:
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2859 do io cono$ce$$i, che non gli fu$$e pre$tato orecchia: percioche n&egrave; di danno, n&egrave; di uergogna
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parents:
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2860 $arebbono a chi s'affatica. Ma perche la co$a procede altrimenti, &amp; uolentieri $i a$colta,
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parents:
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2861 chi dice male, &amp; i gu$ti de gli huomini per lo piu $ono gua$ti, io e$orto ognuno, che $i piglia
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parents:
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2862 qualche bella impre$a per giouar altrui, che non perdonino a fatica, per far&edot; tali opere, che
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parents:
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2863 da $e $i difendino: &amp; che prendendo $eco la dife$a dalla uerit&agrave; con l'aiuto del tempo po$$ino
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parents:
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2864 conuincere di maluagit&agrave;, &amp; perfidia chi $i oppone$$e al uero. Que$to con$iglio io mi $ono sfor
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2865 zato di prendere nello interpretare, &amp; e$ponere i pre$enti uolumi dell'Architettura. &amp; $e be-
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parents:
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2866 ne le mie debili for ze non hanno potuto tanto, che l'opera $ia riu$cita a quella perfettione,
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parents:
diff changeset
2867 che ella po$$i mantener$i da $c: nientedimeno io po$$o affermare con uerit&agrave;, che n&egrave; maggior di-
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2868 ligenza, n&egrave; piu indu$tria, n&egrave; miglior uolont&agrave; ho potuto porui di quello, che ho po$to. Io ho cer
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diff changeset
2869 cato d'imparare da ognuno, ad ognuno, che mi ha giouato re$to debitore d'infinite gratie: &amp;
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2870 come di$pen$atore de i beni riceuuti da altri mi rendo. Io ho giudicato maggior uergogna il non
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2871 uoler imparare, che danno il non $apere: ho fuggito la pompa di citare a nome gli auttori,
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2872 de i quali mi $ono $eruito in questa fatico$a impre$a, &amp; ho cercato non l'ampiezza della lingua,
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2873 o la copia delle parole, ma la elettione, &amp; la chiarezza delle co$e. piu uolte io ho di-
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diff changeset
2874 $iderato &amp; cercato di communicare le fatiche mie con alcuni, prima che ueni$$ero in lu-
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2875 ce, &amp; in commune inue$tigare la uerit&agrave;. accioche quello, che non puo fare un $olo, fatto fu$$e
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2876 da molti. ma que$to, per alcuna cagione, che io bene non intendo, non mi &egrave; uenuto fatto.
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2877 ne i di$egni delle figure importanti io ho u$ato l'opere di M. Andrea Palladio Vicentino
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diff changeset
2878 Architetto, ilquale ha con incredibile profitto tra quanti io ho cono$ciuto di ui$ta, &amp; per fama,
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2879 per giudicio d'huomini eccellenti, acqui$tato gran nome s&igrave; ne i $ottili$$imi, &amp; uaghi di$egni
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2880 delle piante, de gli alzati, &amp; de i profili, come nello e$eguire, &amp; fare molti &amp; $uperbi edifi-
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diff changeset
2881 cij, s&igrave; nella patria $ua, come altroue &amp; publici, &amp; priuati, che contendono con gli antichi,
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2882 danno lume a moderni, &amp; daranno merauiglia a quelli che uerranno. Et quanto appartiene
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2883 a Vitr. l'artificio de i Theatri, de i Tempij, delle Ba$iliche, &amp; di quelle co$e, che hanno piu bel-
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diff changeset
2884 le, &amp; piu $ecrete ragioni di compartimenti, tutte $ono state da quello, con prontezza d'ani
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2885 mo, &amp; di mano e$plicate, &amp; $eco con$igliate, come quello che di tutta Italia ha $cielto le
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2886 piu belle maniere de gli antichi, &amp; mi$urate tutte l'opere, che $i trouano. Nel re$tante del
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diff changeset
2887 la fatica mia il buon uolere puo coprire, o $cu$are qualche difetto, &amp; inuitare amoreuolmen-
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diff changeset
2888 te alla correttione ciuile chiunque fu$$e di$idero$o di giouare, come $on io: il che attendo con
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2889 quel di$iderio, che io ho hauuto $empre di far bene. Ma a$$ai habbiamo uagato: per&ograve; &egrave; tem-
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2890 po di ritornare a Vitruuio, &amp; di credere che lo in$egnare il modo del fortifioare &egrave; co$a difficil-
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parents:
diff changeset
2891 lima ri$petto alla nuoua inuentione delle offe$e, dalle quali come $pe$$o detto hauemo, dipende la
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parents:
diff changeset
2892 dife$a: &amp; per&ograve; &egrave; degna co$a trarne i precetti uniuer$ali, in uirtu de i quali l'huomo pu&ograve; $empre
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diff changeset
2893 ritrouare nuoua forma di dife$a.</I>
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2894 <HEAD><I>Della elettione de i luoghi all'u$o commune della Cit-
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2895 t&agrave;. Cap. VII.</I></HEAD>
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2896 <p>DIVISI i capi delle uie, &amp; de$critte le piazze, egli $i deue far manife$ta la
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diff changeset
2897 elettione de i piani al commodo, &amp; all'u$o commune della Citt&agrave; per li $acri
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diff changeset
2898 Tempi, per lo Foro, &amp; per gli altri luoghi communi. Se le mura $aranno
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diff changeset
2899 pre$$o il mare: elegger $i deue il piano, doue $i deue fare il Foro uicino al
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parents:
diff changeset
2900 porto. $e la Citt&agrave; $ar&agrave; fra terra, nel mezo. Ma per li $acri Tempij di q uelli Dei,
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diff changeset
2901 <pb n="65">
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2902 nella tutela de i quali $pecialmente &egrave; po$ta la terra, &amp; a Gioue, &amp; a Giunone, &amp;
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diff changeset
2903 a Minerua $i danno i piani in luoghi alti$simi, di doue $i po$$a unitamente uedere gran
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diff changeset
2904 di$sima parte della citt&agrave;. Ma a Mercurio nel Foro, ouero, come anche ad I$ide, &amp; a
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parents:
diff changeset
2905 Serapi, nel $ondaco, o mercato. Ad Apolline &amp; al padre Bacco, pre$$o al Theatro.
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parents:
diff changeset
2906 Ad Hercole uicino al Circo. in que luoghi doue non $aranno Gimna$i, o Anfitheatri. A
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diff changeset
2907 Marte fuori della C&iacute;tt&agrave;, &amp; al campo. &amp; <*> Venere al porto. &amp; que$to &egrave; $tato ordinato da
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2908 gli auri$pici Etru$chi, cio&egrave;, che a Venere, a Vulcano, &amp; a Marte $iano fatti i tempij
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diff changeset
2909 fuori delle mura: accioche i piaceri di Venere non prendino piede nella citt&agrave; appre$$o la
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2910 giouent&ugrave;, &amp; le madri di famiglia, &amp; che dalla forza di Vulcano tratta fuori della citt&agrave;
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2911 con religione, &amp; $acri$icij, gli edi$ici parino e$$er dal timore de gli incendij liberati. Ma
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2912 la'diuinit&agrave; di Marte e$$endo fuori della terra con$ecrata, non $ar&agrave; la di$$en$ione, che
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2913 uiene all'arme tra li cittadini, ma con quella dife$a da i nimici con$eruer&agrave; quella da i
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parents:
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2914 pericoli delle battaglie. Similmente a Cerere $i faranno i tempij fuori della citt&agrave;, in
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diff changeset
2915 luoghi, doue non $i uada, $e non per nece$sit&agrave;, douendo$i con religione, &amp; con $anti
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parents:
diff changeset
2916 co$tumi que$to luogo con$tantemente guardare. Al re$tante de gli altri dei, bi$ogna
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parents:
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2917 ritrouar i luoghi da fabricare, che $iano conuenienti guardando $empre alle maniere
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parents:
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2918 de i $acrificij.
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2919 <p><I>Tratta Vitruuio in que$to capo, quanto appartiene alla uniuer$al di$po$itione, di$tributione,
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2920 &amp; decoro de i luoghi, con$iderando il compartimento de i piani all'u$o commune. Compar-
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diff changeset
2921 timento in que$to luogo io chiamo una ragioneuole diui$ione del piano accompagnata dal deco-
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parents:
diff changeset
2922 ro, dalla $ufficienza delle parti, &amp; dalla ri$pondenza delle co$e: $i che a grandi $oggetti,
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parents:
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2923 grandi edificij $i facciano, &amp; de i grandi edificij grandi $iano i membri; perche la Citta &egrave;
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2924 come una grandi$$ima ca$a, come $i puo dire, che la ca$a $ia una picciola citt&agrave;. Il $auio Ar
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parents:
diff changeset
2925 chitetto deue donare alcuna co$a alla u$anza de i pae$i, non per&ograve; deue egli errare, n&egrave; ab-
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parents:
diff changeset
2926 bandonare la ragione: ma non la$ciare la u$anza, &amp; tener$i alla $cienza; altrimem i la cat
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parents:
diff changeset
2927 tiua u$anza non &egrave; altro, che la uecchiezza del uitio: dal quale animo$amente l'huomo $i
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parents:
diff changeset
2928 deue di$co$tare, &amp; dar buono e$<*>empio a i $ucce$$ori. La ragione adunque del Foro &egrave; che $ia
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parents:
diff changeset
2929 po$to pre$$o al porto, $e la citt&agrave; &egrave; uicina al mare: ouero nel mezo della citt&agrave;, $e ella &egrave; fra
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parents:
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2930 terra: il Foro &egrave; luogo, doue $i uendeno le co$e, &amp; doue $i tiene ragione, &egrave; commodo a fore$tie
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parents:
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2931 ri, &amp; mercanti, che uengono di parti lontane e$$endo uicino al porto, quando la citt&agrave; &egrave; pro$-
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2932 $ima al mare: ma nel mezo della citt&agrave; &egrave; commodo, perche il mezo &egrave; propinquo a tutte le par
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2933 ti, &amp; pre$to prouede a i bi$ogni, &amp; per&ograve; Vitruuio ha detto. In medio oppido. perche oppi-
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2934 dum &egrave; detto dal dare aiuto, che in latino $i dice dare opem; ouero perche iui $i portano le
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2935 ricchezze, che, opes, $i chiamano. Il re$to &egrave; facile.</I>
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2936 <p>Ma del modo del fabricare i tempij, &amp; delle mi$ure, &amp; $immetrie di quelle, nel ter
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parents:
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2937 zo, &amp; nel quarto libro ne render&ograve; le ragioni: percioche mi &egrave; piacciuto determinare
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parents:
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2938 prima della copia della materia, che $i deue nelle fabriche preparare: &amp; e$ponere la
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2939 forza &amp; u$o di quella, &amp; poi trattare delle mi$ure de gli edi$icij, &amp; gli ordini, &amp; le manie-
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2940 re partitamente di tutte le $immetrie, &amp; in cia$cuno de i $eguenti libri e$plicare.
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2941 <p><I>Et ragioneuolmente prima tratta della materia, &amp; poi della forma: perche prima poco &egrave;
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parents:
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2942 da dire della materia, come co$a che la natura ci porta, &amp; molto della forma: &amp; &egrave; giu$to
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parents:
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2943 sbrigar$ene pre$to. Dapoi perche un'i$te$$a materia $erue a diue$e forme, &amp; maniere. &amp; $i-
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2944 mile u$anza tiene Ari$totile, per commodit&agrave; della dotrina, ne i libri de i principij naturali.</I>
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2945 <HEAD><I>Fine del Primo Libro.</I></HEAD>
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2946 <foot><I>I</I></foot>
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2947 <pb n="66">
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2948 <HEAD>IL SECONDO LIBRO</HEAD>
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2949 <HEAD>DELL'AR CHIT ETTVRA
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2950 DIM. VITRVVIO.</HEAD>
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2951 <HEAD><I>Proemio.</I></HEAD>
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2952 <p>DINOCRATE Architetto con$idato$i ne i $uoi pen$ieri, &amp; nella $ua $o<*>
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2953 lertia, e$lendo Ale$$andro $ignore del mondo, $i parti di Macedonia per
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2954 andare allo e$$ercito, di$idero$o d'e$$ere dalla mae$ta regia commendato.
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2955 Co$tui partendo$i dalla patria, da i parenti, &amp; da gli amici, ottenne lettere
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2956 di fauore drizzate a i principali, &amp; potenti della corte, accioche per me
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2957 zo loro fu$$e piu facilmente introdotto. E$$endo adunque benigna-
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2958 mente da quelli raccolto, chie$e loro, che quanto prima lo conduce$$ero ad Ale$$andro.
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2959 Quegli hauendoli prome$$o, erano alquanto tardi, a$pettando il tempo commodo. Di-
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2960 nocrate pen$ando e$$ere sbeffato da quelli, a $e $te$$o per aiuto ricor$e. Era egli di gran-
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2961 de $tatura, di gratio$o a$petto, &amp; di $omma dignit&agrave;, &amp; bellezza. fidato$i adunque di
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2962 que$te doti di natura, nell'albergo $uo depo$e le ue$ti, &amp; di oglio tutto'l corpo $i un$e, &amp;
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2963 $i copr&igrave; la $ini$tra $palla di pelle di Leone, coronato di fronde di poppio, &amp; tenendo
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2964 nella de$tra la claua, $e ne and&ograve; uer$o il tribunale del Re, che teneua ragione. Hauen
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2965 do la nouit&agrave; del fatto riuolto a dietro gi&agrave; tutto il popolo; Ale$$andro lo uidde, &amp; mera
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2966 uigliando$i command&ograve;, che gli fu$$e dato luogo, accioche egli $i face$$e innanzi, &amp; di
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2967 mandollo, chi fu$$e. Egli di$$e. Io $on Dinocrate Architetto di Macedonia, che a te
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2968 porto pen$ieri, &amp; forme degne della tua chiarezza: percioche io ho formato il monte
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2969 Atho in figura d'una $tatua uirile, nella cui $ini$tra io ho di$egnato le mura d'una gran-
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2970 di$sima citt&agrave;, &amp; nella de$tra un ua$o, che habbia a raccogliere l'acqua di tutti i fiumi,
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2971 che $ono in quel monte; accioche da quel ua$o $i $pande$$ero nel mare. Dilettato$i
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2972 Ale$$andro della ragione della forma, $ubito dimand&ograve; $e d'intorno ui fu$$ero campi, che
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2973 pote$$ero prouedere di grano al bi$ogno di quella citt&agrave;. Hauendo ritrouato, che non
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2974 u'era altra uia, che quella d'oltra mare; Di$$e. Io con attentione guardo al componi-
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2975 mento di co$i bella forma, &amp; di e$$a mi diletto: ma io con$idero, che $e alcuno uorr&agrave; an
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2976 dare in quel luogo ad habitare, non $ia bia$imato per poco giudicio. perche $i come
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2977 il fanciullo gi&agrave; na$ciuto, non $i puo $enza il latte della nutrice alleuare, n&egrave; cre$cere; co
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2978 fi la citt&agrave; $enza po$$e$sioni, o frutti, che ui $iano portati non puo $o$tentar$i, n&egrave; mante-
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2979 ner$i cre$cendo $enza copia di uettouaglia, n&egrave; e$$er frequentata, n&egrave; $i puo il populo $en<*>
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2980 za abondanza di uiuere con$eruare. per il che ($i come io $timo) che $i bel di$egno me
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2981 rita lode, co$i giudico douere e$$ere bia$imato il luogo. Ma ben uoglio, che tu $tia me
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2982 co: percioche io intendo di u$ar l'opera tua. Dall hora in poi Dinocrate non $i $co$t&ograve;
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2983 mai dal Re: &amp; in Egitto lo $eguit&ograve;. Hauendo iui ueduto Ale$$andro il porto per natura
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2984 $icuro: lo egregio mercato, i campi d'intorno all'Egitto abondanti di grano, &amp; le mol
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2985 te commodit&agrave; del gran fiume del Nilo; command&ograve;, che iui dal $uo nome Ale$$andria $i
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2986 fabrica$$e. Et per que$to Dinocrate dalla bellezza, &amp; gratia del $uo a$petto, &amp; gran
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2987 dezza del corpo, a quella nobilt&agrave;, &amp; chiarezza peruenne. Ma a me o Imperatore la na
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2988 tura non ha dato la grandezza della per$ona, &amp; la et&agrave; mi ha deformata la faccia, la infer-
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2989 mit&agrave; leuato le forze; la doue e$$endo io di tali pre$idij abbandonato, $pero per mezo del
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2990 la $cienza, &amp; de gli $critti a qualche grado di commendatione, &amp; gloria peruenire. Ha-
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2991 <pb n="67">
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2992 uendo adunque io nel primo libro $critto dell'ufficio dello Architetto, &amp; de i termini
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2993 della Architettura, &amp; appre$$o dellc mura, &amp; delle diui$ioni de i piani, che $ono dentio
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2994 le mura, &amp; $eguitando l'ordine de i $acri Tempij, &amp; de i publici edificij, &amp; anche de i
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2995 priuati, con quai mi$ure, &amp; proportioni $i deono fare: io non ho pen$ato di porre que$te
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2996 co$e prima, che io ragiona$si della copia della materia, della quale $i fanno le fabriche, &amp;
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2997 con c he ragione, &amp; che forza ella habbia nell'u$o, &amp; con che principij la natura delle co$e
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2998 $ia compo$ta. Ma prima che io dia principio ad c$plicare le co$e naturali, io ragioner&ograve;
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2999 delle ragioni del fabricare doue hanno hauuto origine, &amp; come per inuenti one cre$ciu-
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3000 te $ono partitamente dir&ograve;, &amp; $eguitando e$poner&ograve; gli ingre$si dell'antica natura, &amp; di
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3001 quelli, che con gli $critti, &amp; regole dedicorono il principio del con$ortio humano, &amp;
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3002 le belle, &amp; fondate inuentioni, &amp; per&ograve;, come da quelli io $on ammae$trato, dimo$trer&ograve;.
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3003 <p><I>Tratta Vitr. nel $econdo libro della materia nece$$aria al fabricare, come $i $cielga, &amp; co-
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3004 no$ca, &amp; ci dimo$tra il modo di metterla in$ieme. propone artificio$amente il proemio. percio-
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3005 che hauendo nel primo libro ragionato ne i quattro ultimi capi di molte co$e pertinenti alla elet-
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parents:
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3006 tione de i luoghi per fabricar la citt&agrave;; &amp; hauendo trattato delle muraglie, &amp; dife$e, del com-
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parents:
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3007 partimento de i piani, s&igrave; per i$chifare i uenti danno$i, come per di$tribuire ogni luogo con gra-
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parents:
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3008 tia, &amp; decoro: &amp; uolendoci dare un $egnalato precetto, o con$eruarlo nella no$tra memoria,
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3009 ( benche pare, che lo dica ad altro fine ) ci dimo$tra con notabile e$$empio, che $opra tutte le
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parents:
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3010 co$e douemo con$iderarc di fabricar in luogo, che ci dia da uiuere, &amp; $oppli$ca alle nece$$it&agrave; de
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parents:
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3011 i Cittadini. perche niuno $i mouerebbe per habitare in luogo, doue $i mori$$e di fame. come $i
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3012 uede per lo contrario, che per l'abondanza delle co$e i luoghi$ono frequentati. Legge$i nel li-
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3013 bro delle co$e merauiglio$e del mondo a$critto ad Ari$totele, che imercanti Cartagine$i, naui-
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parents:
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3014 gando fuori dello $tretto per molte giornate ritrouorono un'I$ola non piu per lo adietro $coperta,
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parents:
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3015 che era $olo da fiere habitata, ma piena di alberi di merauiglio$a grandezza, &amp; di grandi$$imi
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parents:
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3016 fiumi, fertile, &amp; abondante di cio che puo na$cere, lontana molto dalla terra dell' Africa.
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parents:
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3017 Quiui trouando$i aere temperati$$imo, &amp; per i$perienza copia di tutti i frutti della terra, comin-
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parents:
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3018 ciauano le gente di abbandonare la propria citt&agrave;, &amp; andare ad habitar quei luoghi. per laqual
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parents:
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3019 co$a i Cartagine$i furono con$tretti a fare uno editto, che $otto pena capitale niuno piu naui-
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parents:
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3020 ga$$e per quelle parti, che for$e erano quelle, che a giorni no$tri $ono $tate $coperte uer$o Po-
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parents:
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3021 nente. Et per&ograve; uedendo Vitr. la importanza del uiuere, ha uoluto di nuouo $arci auuertiti, nel
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3022 proemio, come in luogo notabile, &amp; che prima uegni nella con$ideratione de i lettori.</I> { <I>Dino-
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parents:
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3023 crate Architetto.</I> } <I>Legge$i, Chirocrate, co$i appre$$o Strabone, come appre$$o Eliano. Ma
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3024 i te$ti di Vitr. hanno, Dinocrate, del quale ne fa mentione Xenofonte, s'io non m'inganno.</I>
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diff changeset
3025 { <I>Pen$amenti, &amp; nella $ua $olertia,</I> } <I>Ha detto Vitru. nel $econdo Capo del primo libro. che
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3026 le idee della di$po$itione, na$ceno da pen$amento, &amp; da inuentione: per&ograve; qui dimo$tra Dinocra-
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diff changeset
3027 te hauere hauuto Di$po$itione, come anche di $otto mo$tra lo i$te$$o, quando dice ad Ale$$andro.</I>
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diff changeset
3028 Io $ono Dinocrate Architetto di Macedonia, ilquale a te porto pen$ieri, &amp; forme degne
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diff changeset
3029 della tua chiarezza. <I>perche dicendo,</I> { <I>Pen$ieri, &amp; forme</I> } <I>uuol dire Fabrica, &amp; di$cor$o,
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3030 la co$a $ignificata, &amp; quella che $ignifica; l'opera, &amp; la ragione: dalle quali co$e na$ce la Ar-
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diff changeset
3031 chitettura.</I> { <I>Io ho formato il Monte Atho in forma di$tatua uirile,</I> } <I>uoleua Dinocrate rap-
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diff changeset
3032 pre$entare la figura di Ale$$andro ( come $i legge ) &amp; dalla de$tra cauare uno capaci$$imo alueo
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diff changeset
3033 da riceuer tutte le acque del monte Atho alti$$imo tra la Macedonia, &amp; la Thracia: &amp; nella
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diff changeset
3034 $ini$tra uoleua fabricare una citt&agrave; capace di dieci mila huomini. Bella, &amp; $ottile inuentione,
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diff changeset
3035 $e co$i egli haue$$e con$iderato di dar da uiuere alla $ua citt&agrave;, come egli le haueua proui$to del
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3036 bere delle acque.</I> P<I>er&ograve; di nuouo dico, che bi$ogna fare le citt&agrave; in luoghi commodi, &amp; oppor-
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3037 tuni. &amp; di que$ta lode meritamente deue e$$er commendata la citt&agrave; di Vinetia, alla quale ri$pon-
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3038 deno tanti fiumi, tante entrate, &amp; tante commodit&agrave;, che pare che tutto il mondo $ia obligato
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3039 a notrirla, &amp; adornarla: &amp; $i puo dire, che $i come la notrice del fanciullo prende il cibo al-</I>
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diff changeset
3040 <foot><I>I</I> 2</foot>
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3041 <pb n="68">
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3042 <I>troue, della $o$tanza del quale ella ne fa poi il latte da nodrirlo, co$i Vinetia riceua da ogni parte
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3043 il $uo nutrimento per $o$tentare il re$to dello $tato $uo. &amp; in uero pare, che la natura s'habbia
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3044 ri$eruati alcuni luoghi, che per rari$$imi accidenti po$$ono re$tare dishabitati; &amp; que$to per la
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3045 conimodit &agrave; del $ito. come Roma, Con$tantinopoli, Pariggi, &amp; molti altri luoghi, che $empre $ono
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3046 stati celebrati, &amp; frequentati per le $opra det te ragioni.</I>
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3047 <HEAD><I>Della uita de gli antichihuomini, &amp; de i principij
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3048 del uiuer humano, &amp; delle ca$e, et accre-
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3049 $cimenti di quelle. Cap. I.</I></HEAD>
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3050 <p>GLI huomini per antica u$anza come $iere nelle $elue, &amp; nelle $pilonche, &amp; tra
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3051 li bo$chi na$ceuano, &amp; di agre$te cibo pa$cendo$i menauano la lor uita. in
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3052 quel tanto da i uenti, &amp; dalle fortune furono gli $pe$si alberi agitati, &amp; com-
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3053 mo$si, &amp; $tropicciando$i in$ieme i rami, mandorono fuori il fuoco, perche
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3054 i uicini dalla gran fiamma sbigottiti, $i mi$ero in fuga. ce$$ata la fiamma, &amp; hor que$to
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3055 hor quello auuicinando$i al fuoco, &egrave; ritrouandolo e$$er di molta commodit&agrave; a i corpi, ag-
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3056 giugnendoli legna mentre che mancaua, &amp; con$eruandolo, gli conduceuano de gli altri,
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3057 &amp; accennando$i fra loro dimo$trauano la utilit&agrave;, che di ci&ograve; ne ueniua. in quel concor$o
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3058 d'huomini e$$endo le uoci diuer$amente dallo $pirito fuori mandate, per la quottidiana
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3059 conuer$atione fecero, come lor fatto ueniua, i uocaboli delle co$e. Dapoi $ignificando-
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3060 le piu $pe$$o, &amp; in u$o ponendole, per quello auuenimento cominciorono a parlare, &amp; a
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3061 quel modo tra loro fabricorono i ragionamenti. E$$endo adunque per la inuentione del
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3062 fuoco da prima uenuto il conuer$are, &amp; il uiuere in$ieme, &amp; conuenendo molti in uno
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3063 i$te$$o luogo, hauendo anche dalla natura, che non chinati, come gli altri animali, ma
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3064 dritti camina$$ero, &amp; la magnificenza del mondo, &amp; delle $telle riguarda$$ero: &amp; trattan-
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3065 do ( come piaceua loro ) con le dita facilmente ogni co$a, alcuni di quella moltitudine
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3066 cominciorono a fare i coperti di fronde, altri a cauar le $pilonche di $otto a monti: &amp; altri
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3067 imitando i nidi delle rondini edificauano di loto, &amp; di uirgulti per fare luoghi da ridur$i
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3068 al coperto. Allhora molti o$$eruando i coperti fatti da gli altri, &amp; aggiugnendo a loro
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3069 pen$ieri co$e nuoue, faceuano di giorno in giorno piu bella maniera di ca$e. Et e$$endo
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3070 gli huomini di natura docile, &amp; che facilmente imitar poteua, gloriando$i ogni giorno
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3071 piu delle proprie inuentioni, altri ad altri dimo$trauano gli effetti de gli edificij, &amp; co$i
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3072 per le concorrenze e$$ercitando gli ingegni, alla giornata $i faceuano piu giudicio$i. &amp;
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3073 &amp; prima alzate le forcelle, &amp; trapo$ti i uirgulti con loto te$$euano i pareti, altri i ce$pu-
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3074 gli poi, &amp; le zoppe di loto a$ciugando faceuano i pareti commettendogli con legnami, &amp;
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3075 per i$chifare le pioggie, le g randini, &amp; i caldi le copriuano di canne, &amp; di frondi. Dapoi
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3076 perche i tetti per le tempe$te del uerno non potcuano reggere alle pioggie, facendo i
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3077 colmi, &amp; $opraponendoui il loto col fare i tetti pendenti conduceuano le grondi, &amp; i
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3078 cadimenti dell'acque.
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3079 <p><I>Fin qui Vitr. ha narrato artificio$amente a poco a poco per ordine il principio del fabricare,
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3080 il mezo, &amp; il fine, quanto poteua ba$tare alla humana nece$$it&agrave;; dico artificio$amente, &amp; per
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3081 ordine, perche prima ha detto la cagione, che con$trin$e gli huomini a $tare in$ieme, che fu il co-
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3082 no$cere l'utilit&agrave;, che dal fuoco procedeua, il ca$o dimo$tr&ograve; l'utilit&agrave;. Que$ta con$trin$e gli huo-
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3083 mini ad unir$i. dalla unione nacque la fauella, nacque la cognitione del poter$i operare con le ma-
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3084 ni, &amp; l'operare, dal che nacque la concorrenza di auanzar l'un l'altro nella inuentione de gli
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3085 edificij. Onde a poco a poco uenne lo artificio, nato ( come dicemmo nel primo libro nel proe-</I>
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3086 <pb n="69">
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3087 <I>mio ) dalla i$perienza, fondata nella natura delle co$e. Ma perche alcuno potrebbe negare; che
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3088 tale $ia $tato lo ingre$$o dell' antica natura; Ri$ponde Vitr. &amp; dice.</I>
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3089 <p>Ma che que$te co$e da que principij, che detto hauemo, $iano $tate ordinate, in que-
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3090 $to modo $i puo cono$cere. percioche fin al di d'hoggi dalle nationi e$terne $i fanno gli
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3091 edificij, come in Francia, in Hi$pagna, in Lu$itania, in Aquitania, di que$te co$e, come di
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parents:
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3092 tauole di rouere, ouero con paglic, &amp; $trame. Appre$$o la natione de Colchi nel Ponto
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3093 per l'abondanza delle $elue $i fanno gli edificij con alberi perpetui i$pianati dalla de$tra, &amp;
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3094 dalla $ini$tra po$ti in terra la$ciatoui tra quelli tanto $pacio, quanto ricerca la lunghezza de
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3095 gli alberi, ma di $opra nelle e$treme parti di quelli pongono altri trauer$i, i quali d'intor-
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parents:
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3096 no chiudeno lo $pacio dell'habitatione, &amp; allhora dapoi le $oprapo$te traui dalle quat
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3097 tro parti legando, &amp; $trignendo gli anguli, &amp; in que$ta manicra facendo i pareti d'alberi,
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parents:
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3098 a piomho di quelle di $otto, inalzano le Torri, &amp; quelli $pacij, che per la gro$$ezza della
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3099 materia $ono trala$ciati, otturano con loto, &amp; $cheggie, &amp; anche ritagliando i tetti dalle
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3100 cantonate tramezano con legni trauer$ati di grado in grado, ra$tremandogli; &amp; in que$to
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3101 modo, al mezo delle quattro parti leuano le piramidi, lequali, &amp; di frondi, &amp; di loto co-
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3102 prendo all'u$anza de barbari fanno i colmi te$tuginati.
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3103 <p><I>Pare a Vitr. grande argomento a prouare l'origine delle fabriche la u$anza delle genti efter-
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3104 ne. &amp; in uero &egrave; ragioneuole, che doue non &egrave; peruenuta la bellezza, &amp; la grandezza dell'arte, $i
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3105 ueda il modo naturale, &amp; $iritegna quello, che &egrave; $tato dalla natura, a i primi huomini dimo-
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3106 strato, perche egli $i puo dire, che ogni arte habbia la $ua pueritia, la $ua adole$centia, il fior
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3107 della et&agrave;, &amp; la maturit&agrave;; come l'Architettura, che ne i primi $ecoli hebbe i $uoi $gro$$amenti,
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3108 crebbe in A$ia, ottenne in Grecia il $uo uigore, &amp; finalmente in Italia con$egui perfetta, &amp; ma-
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3109 tura dignit&agrave;. Da principio adunque &egrave; ragioneuole di credere, che ella haue$$e quella origine,
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3110 che la nece$$it&agrave; dimc$tr&ograve; primier amente all'humana generatione, come $i ha a di no$tri e$$ere nel-
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3111 l'I$ola Spagnola, &amp; nelle parti del mondo $coperte da i moderni, che le $tanze, &amp; le habita-
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3112 tioni $ono fatte di alberi, te$$uti di canne, coperti di paglie, ma di modo, che egli $i ha in con$ide-
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3113 ratione la dignit&agrave; de gli habitanti, dando$i piu grandi &amp; piu belle, &amp; piu commode habitationi-
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3114 a quelli, che fra quelle genti ottengono grado maggiore. Que$to $i dice, che i no$tri banno ri-
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3115 trouato nel $opra detto modo. Ma poi che piu perite genti, &amp; piu ingenio$e banno cominciato
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3116 a praticare in que luoghi, piu bella, &amp; piu artificio$a maniera di fabricare &egrave; stata introdotta.
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3117 Lauorando i legnami, &amp; facendogli molti ornamenti, che non haueuano prima, &amp; co$i di gior-
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3118 no in giorno aumenteranno gli artificij, &amp; le inuentioni delle co$e, dome$ticando il pae$e per l'hu-
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3119 mana conuer$atione. Buono adunque &egrave; l'argomento di Vitruuio, $e bene eglinon dice$$e a pun-
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3120 to il uero di quel fuoco acce$o da gli alberi agitati da i uenti, non $apendo egli la i$toria della crea-
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3121 tione, &amp; della origine del mondo. Ma chi pon mente alle parole di Vitru. ritruouer&agrave; nel pre$en-
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3122 te di$cor$o un'ordine merauiglio$o: perche prima ha ritruouato quanto puo la nece<02>it&agrave;, &amp; la
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3123 natura, dicendo la cagione, che costrin$e gli huomini ad habitar in$ieme, da poi ba dimostra-
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3124 to quanto puo la i$perienza, &amp; la con$uetudine, dicendo quello, che molte genti acco$tumano
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3125 di fare, per accommodar$i, &amp; di$ender$i da i contrarij, con diuer$e maniere di habitationi $econ-
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3126 do l'u$o de i luoghi, &amp; delle co$e. &amp; finalmeute dir&agrave;, quanto ha potuto l'Arte cerca le regola-
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3127 te inuentioni, &amp; gli ornamenti, &amp; pompa del fabricare. come anche al primo Capo del decimo
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3128 libro, Vitru. conferma dicendo, che quelle co$e, che gli huomini auuertirono e$$er buone all'u$o,
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3129 tentarono anche con i$tudio di arte, &amp; di ordinationi per uia di dottrina. Et qui $i ueder&agrave; co-
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3130 me la natura humana tutta uia auanzando $e $te$$a, digiorno in giorno dal nece$$ario al commo-
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3131 do, &amp; dal commodo all'honoreuole peruiene. Bella, &amp; degna co$a &egrave; di con$iderare, come l'Ar-
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3132 te $i fonda $opra la natura, non mutando quello, che &egrave; per natura, ma facendolo piu perfetto, &amp;
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3133 adorno. come nel pre$ente capo Vitruuio chiaramente ci mo$tra per diuer$i e$$empi non $olamen-
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3134 te la origine del fabricare, ma i modi, &amp; le maniere naturali, che poi$ono $tate pigliate dal-</I>
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3135 <pb n="70">
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3136 <I>l'Arte a perfetcione delle co$e, come $ono i tetti pendenti, i colmi, le uolte, le colonne, &amp; ilo-
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3137 ro ornamenti &amp; altre co$e, che $ono $tate dalla natural nece<02>it&agrave; alla certezza dell'Arte, per
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3138 humana $olertia traportate. Seguita adunque.</I>
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3139 <p>Ma i Frigij, i quali habitano le campagne per la inopia de bo$chi hauendo bi$ogno di
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3140 $egna, eleggeno alcune parti piu eleuate del terreno, &amp; cauandole nel mezo, &amp; uotando-
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3141 le, &amp; facendo i $entieri allargano gli $pacij, quanto cape la quantit&agrave;, &amp; grandezza del
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3142 luogo: ma poi di$opra legando in$ieme molti fu$ti fanno i colmi de i tetti piramidali, &amp;
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3143 coprendo quelli con canne &amp; paglie inalzano $opra le $tanze grandi$simi grumi di terra:
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3144 &amp; a que$to modo f&aelig;ono con la ragione de i tetti l'inuernate caldi$sime, &amp; l'c$tati fre$chi$-
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3145 $ime. Altri di palu$tre alica ricuopreno i loro tuguri. Et anche appre$$o altre nationi, &amp;
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3146 in alcuni luoghi $imilmente in que$ta maniera $i fanno le ca$e. Ne meno in Mar$iglia $i
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3147 puo uedere, che i tetti $ono fatti $enza tegole, ma $olamente ui &egrave; $oprapo$ta la terra con le
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3148 paglie. In Athene anche per e$$empio di antichit&agrave; nell' Arcopago fin'a no$tri giorni $i
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3149 uede il tetto di lottole. &amp; nel Campidoglio nella $acra rocca la ca$a di Romulo ci puo fa-
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parents:
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3150 re auuertiti de gli antichi co$tumi, per e$$er coperta di paglie, &amp; di fieno. &amp; co$i per
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parents:
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3151 tali $egni potemo di$correre $opra la inuentione de gli antichi edificij, che tali fu$$ero
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3152 come detto hauemo.
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3153 <p><I>Vitru. ha finito la proposta argomentatione, &amp; con molti e$$empi ci ha confermati nella cre-
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3154 denza dell'antico, &amp; nece$$ario modo del fabricare, &amp; qua$i ci ha indotto a credere, che la in-
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3155 uentione del con$ortio humano $iastata, $econdo che egli ha detto. hora ci uuole fare accorti di
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3156 quanto l'u$o, &amp; la i$perienza, dapoi l'Arte ci ha dimo$trato, &amp; dice.</I>
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3157 <p>Ma hauendo gli huomini con l'operare ogni giorno fatto le mani piu pronte, &amp; piu de-
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parents:
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3158 $tre al fabricare, &amp; per la continua e$$ercitatione de gli ingegni loro e$$endo con $olertia
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3159 peruenuti all'Arti, ne $egu&igrave;, che aggiunta a gli animi loro la indu$tria fece, che chi tra quel-
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3160 $i fu$$ero piu $tudio$i, &amp; diligenti, faceuano profe$sione di e$$er fabbri.
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3161 <p><I>Fabbro latinamente &egrave; nominato ogni artefice. dice$i in Greco Tecton, d'onde &egrave; deriuato il no-
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3162 me di Architetto, come s'&egrave; detto nel primo libro. Et qui $i puo uedere come non $olamente le
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3163 co$e alla Architettura pertinenti habbiano hauuto principio, ma anche i uocaboli delle co$e. pe-
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3164 r&ograve; non la$ciando Vitru. alcuna co$a, prudentemente rende perfetto l'auditore. Fabbri adunque
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3165 $i chiamauano i piu $tudio$i, &amp; diligenti operatori, perche alla natura, allo e$$ercitio, alla $o-
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3166 lertia aggiugneuano la indu$tria, la quale non &egrave; altro, che un di$iderio di affaticar$i ridotto al-
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3167 l'opera con diligenza, &amp; e$$ercitio dello ingegno, &amp; auantaggio dell'Arte per con$eguire la
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3168 perfettione. conchiude Vitru. &amp; dice.</I>
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3169 <p>Quando adunque da principio que$te co$e $tate $iano in que$to modo ordinate, &amp; la
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3170 natura non pure di $entimenti habbia gli huomini, come gli altri animali adornati, ma
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3171 ancora di con$ideratione, &amp; di con$iglio armato lo intelletto, $ottomettendo al poter lo-
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3172 ro gli altri animali, quelli di grado in grado alle altre Arti &amp; di$cipline peruenendo, u$ci-
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3173 ti dal fabricare, dalla uita ferigna, &amp; $ilue$tre, alla man$ueta, &amp; humana $i condu$$ero:
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3174 d'indi animo$amente ammae$trando$i, &amp; piu oltre guardando con maggiori pen$amenti
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3175 na$ciuti dalla uariet&agrave; delle Arti, non piu ca$e humili, &amp; ba$$e, ma grandi habitationi fon-
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3176 date, &amp; di pareti fatti di mattoni, &amp; di pietre, &amp; di legnami compo$te, &amp; di tegole co=
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3177 perte cominciorno a fabricare. Dapoi cre$cendo in uarie o$$eruationi di $tudi con giudi-
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3178 cio$o di$cor$o da mcerte a certe ragioni di mi$ure condu$$ero inanzi la co$a, &amp; d'indi au=
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3179 uertendo che la natura largamente produceua le legna, &amp; porgeua loro abondante copia
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3180 di fabricare cominciorno a nodrirla, &amp; a coltiuarla, &amp; cre$ciuta poi con artificij ornar-
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3181 la all'u$o diletteuole, &amp; eleganza della uita. &amp; per&ograve; io $on per dire di quelle, co$e le qua-
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3182 li commode, &amp; buone $ono ne gli edificij, dimo$trando ( come io potr&ograve; ) le qualit&agrave;, &amp;
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diff changeset
3183 uirt&ugrave; di quelle.
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diff changeset
3184 <pb n="71">
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3185 <p><I>Vitr. ci ha condotti a poco a poco a ritrouar la materia, &amp; l'abondanza delle co$e, che uanno
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3186 nel fabricare, &amp; qua$i ci ha fatto na$cere dinanzi a gli occhi una co$a dall'altra con uno cui-
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diff changeset
3187 dente $ucce$$o, &amp; accre$cimento dell' Arte. &amp; $i ha eletto non tutte le maniere del fabricare,
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diff changeset
3188 perche le fabriche fatte dalle genti roze, o fatte per nece$$it&agrave; $ono d'infinite $orti, &amp; lo infinito
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diff changeset
3189 non cape $otto la dottrina de i precetti: ma uuole trattar di quelle, che dalla ciuile u$anza, &amp; per
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diff changeset
3190 commodo, &amp; per bellezza $ono degne di e$$er con$iderate, et inte$e.</I>
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diff changeset
3191 <p>Ma $e alcuno uorr&agrave; di$putare dell'ordine di que$to libro pen$ando, che egli debbia e$-
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diff changeset
3192 $ere prepo$to a tutti gli altri: accioche egli non pen$i, che io habbia errato, ne dir&ograve; la ra-
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3193 gione. Scriuendo io il corpo dell' Archittetura, io ho pen$ato di e$ponere nel primo libro
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3194 di che ammae$tramenti, &amp; di$cipline debbia e$$er ornata, &amp; con certi termini pre$inire
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3195 le $ue maniere, &amp; dire da che ella fu$$e na$ciuta, &amp; co$i quello, che fu$$e allo Architetto
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3196 nece$$ario iui io dimo$trai. &amp; per&ograve; nel primo libro io ho detto dell'officio dell' Arte; nel
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diff changeset
3197 pre$ente io di$puter&ograve; delle co$e naturali della materia, che u$o elle habbiano nel fabricare,
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3198 perche il pre$ente libro non dichiara onde na$ce l'Architettura, ma d'onde $ono nate &amp;
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diff changeset
3199 con quali ragioni nodrite, &amp; peruenute di grado in grado a que$ta determinatione, &amp; pe-
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diff changeset
3200 r&ograve; in que$to modo al luogo, &amp; ordine $uo po$ta $ar&agrave; la compo$itione di que$to uolume.
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diff changeset
3201 <p><I>Come chi fabrica &egrave; tenuto rendere la ragione dell' ordine, che egli tiene, co$i chi compone
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3202 un' opera, &amp; in$egna un'arte, &egrave; obligato a dire perche prima, &amp; perche poi habbia po$to le co-
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3203 $e in quell' arte contenute, per acquetar glianimi di chi fa fare le fabriche. per&ograve; Vitr. con grande
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3204 humanit&agrave; rende conto dell' ordine del pre$ente libro. Et la ragione $ua in uirt&ugrave; &egrave; que$ta. Non &egrave;
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3205 conueniente trattare di alcuna co$a partitamente contenuta in un' Arte, prima, che egli $i tratti
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3206 de i principij di quell' Arte. percioche niuno effetto &egrave; prima della cau$a $ua. Se io adunque ( puo
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3207 dir Vitr. ) trattato haue$$i prima della materia, che &egrave; trattatione partic&oacute;lare di que$t' arte, &amp; non
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3208 de i principij di tutta l'arte, io non hauerei u$ato l'ordine, che $i conuiene. Il fine dello Architet
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3209 to non ci $arebbe $tato manife$to, co$a $ommamente nece$$aria, perche la cognitione del fine prece
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3210 de ogni operatione. Dapoi l'ufficio dello Architetto $arebbe $tato a$co$o; i precetti dell'arte la-
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3211 $ciate; La confu$ione ci hauerebbe impedito il uero intendimento. Meritamente adunque le co$e
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parents:
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3212 dette nel primo libro doueuano precedere a tutte le altre. Ma perche il $econdo libro contener
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3213 debbia il trattamento della materia, $imilmente &egrave; manife$to. perche la materia, &egrave; principio non
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3214 dell' Architettura, perche l'Architettura non &egrave; fatta di legno, n&egrave; di pietra, ma delle co$e, che $o
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3215 no dall' Arti formate, &amp; fabricate. &amp; &egrave; principio, &amp; $oggetto, nel quale $i e$prime quello, che
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diff changeset
3216 &egrave; nella mente dello Artefice, cio&egrave; l'ordine, la di$po$itione, la di$tributione, la $immetria, la gra
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3217 tia, &amp; il decoro, &amp; in $omma, il perche, la ragione, il di$cor$o, la co$a $igni$icante, come nel primo
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3218 libro $i dimo$tra. Edunque al luogo $uo il trattamento della materia. Et $i come nel primo li-
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3219 bro s'&egrave; detto dell' origine dell' Arte, co$i nel $econdo $i tratta dell' origine del fabricare.</I>
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3220 <p>Hora io torner&ograve; al propo$ito, &amp; dir&ograve; delle copie atte ad e$$er po$te in opera in che mo-
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3221 do $iano compo$te dalla natura, <I>( come $ono i legnami, le pietre &amp; altre co$e )</I> &amp; con
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3222 che me$colanze, &amp; principij $iano i loro componimenti temperati, accio non o$cu-
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3223 re, ma chiare $iano a chi legge e$poner&ograve; con ragione. perche niuna $orte di materia, n&egrave;
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diff changeset
3224 corpo &egrave;, n&egrave; co$a alcuna, che $enza la unione di que principij, po$$a uenire in luce, n&egrave; e$-
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diff changeset
3225 $er allo intendimento $ottopo$ta, n&egrave; altramente la natura delle co$e puo hauere le $ode, &amp;
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diff changeset
3226 uere dichiarationi da i precetti de Filo$ofi naturali, $e prima non $ono dimo$trate le cau$e,
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3227 che in quelle $i trouano, &amp; con $ottili$sime ragioni inue$tigate in che modo, &amp; perche co-
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3228 $i $iano.
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3229 <p><I>Il $apere con$i$te nella cognitione delle cau$e, &amp; de i principij, &amp; perche niuna co$a $i troua
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3230 al $en$o $ottopo$ta, che compo$ta non $ia per la me$colanza de i $uoi principij, &amp; le co$e s'inten-
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3231 deno, come $ono, per&ograve; &egrave; nece$$ario trattare de i principij. perche que$ta cognitione ci dar &agrave; d'in-
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3232 tendere qual materia $ia buona per una co$a, &amp; quale per un'altra. perche altra natura il Roue-</I>
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parents:
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3233 <pb n="72">
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3234 <I>re, altra l'abete, altra il larice. &amp; altro effetto $a il marmo, altro il tofo, altro il $a$$o, altro
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3235 imattoni. per&ograve; Vitr. che di$correua, che da diuer$e cau$e uengono diuer$i effetti, filo$ofando nar
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3236 ra l'opinione de gli antichi cerca i principij materiali, cio&egrave; che entrano come parti a far le co$e di
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3237 natura, &amp; nel $ucce$$o applicher &agrave; poi le cau$e a gli effetti, come ci $ar &agrave; manife$to.</I>
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3238 <HEAD><I>De i principij delle co$e $econdo i Filo$ofi.</I></HEAD>
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3239 <HEAD><I>Cap. II.</I></HEAD>
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3240 <p>THALES primieramente pens&ograve;, che l'acqua fu$$e principio di tutte le co$e:
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3241 Heraclito Ephe$io ( che per la o$curit&agrave; de $uoi detti Scotinos era chiamato )
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3242 po$e il fuoco. Democrito, &amp; lo Epicuro di Democrito fautore, gli Atomi,
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3243 che da no$tri in$ecabili ouero indiuidui corpi da alcuni chiamati $ono. Ma
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3244 la di$ciplina de Pithagorici aggiun$e all'acqua, &amp; al fuoco, l'aere, &amp; la terra. Democri-
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3245 to adunque, auegna, che le co$e di proprio nome non chiama$$e, ma $olamente propone$-
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3246 $e i corpi indiuidui, pure per que$ta ragione pare, che egli pone$$e quelli i$te$si principij, per
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3247 che e$$endo que corpi $eparati, prima che concorrino in$ieme alla generatione delle co$e,
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3248 n&egrave; $i raccoglieno, n&egrave; mancano, n&egrave; $i diuideno, ma $empiternamente ritengono in $e per-
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3249 petua, &amp; infinita $odezza. Quando adunque $i ueda, che tutte le co$e na$cano da que$ti
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3250 principij conuenientemente compo$ti, &amp; e$$endo quelle in infinite $ort&igrave; per natura di$tin-
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3251 te, io ho pen$ato, che nece$$ario $ia di trattare delle uariet&agrave;, &amp; differenze dell'u$o loro, &amp;
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3252 dichiarire, che qualit&agrave; habbiano ne gli edi$icij, accioche e$$endo cono$ciute, quelli, i qua
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3253 li pen$ano di fabricare, non errino, ma apparecchino le co$e buone, &amp; $ufficienti all'u$o
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3254 del fabricare.
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diff changeset
3255 <p><I>Vitruuio narra in que$ta parte la diuer$it&agrave; delle opinioni de gli antichi filo$ofanti cerca i princi-
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diff changeset
3256 pij delle co$e, &amp; intende ( come ho detto ) i principij materiali, cio&egrave; quelli, che entrano nella
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diff changeset
3257 compo$itione delle co$e, ne i quali finalmente ogni co$a $i ri$olue. Dice che Tbales, fece l'acqua
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diff changeset
3258 principio di tutte le co$e; Heraclito il fuoco; Democrito, &amp; lo Epicuro gli Atomi; i Pithagori-
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diff changeset
3259 ci l'acqua, il fuoco, l'aere, &amp; la terra. Vitr. non contende in que$to luogo quale $ia $tata mi-
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diff changeset
3260 gliore opinione, ma con$ente a quella de' Pithagorici, che abbraccia tutti quattro gli elementi, co
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diff changeset
3261 me piu chiaramente nel proemio dell'ottauo libro $i uede: &amp; ne dice la ragione copio$amente, &amp;
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diff changeset
3262 con dignit&agrave; della materia. Ma perche in quel luogo non $i fa mentione di quello, che Democrito
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diff changeset
3263 intendeua per Atomi: io dichiarer&ograve; la opinione di quello con breuit&agrave;. Vedendo adunque Demo-
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diff changeset
3264 crito, che tutti i corpi, che hanno parti diuer$e di nome, &amp; di ragione, erano compo$ti di parti,
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diff changeset
3265 che in nome, &amp; in ragione erano $imiglianti, uolle, che anche le parti, che conueniuano in nome
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3266 &amp; in ragione, compo$te fu$$ero di alcuni indiui$ibili, &amp; minuti$$imi corpicelli, che egli Atomi
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diff changeset
3267 nominaua. Et $e bene egli non $i puo ritrouare $i picciola parte corporea, che non $i po$$a diui-
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3268 dere in altre parti, &amp; quelle $imilmente in altre, &amp; co$i in infinito, niente dimeno il buon De-
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diff changeset
3269 mocrito, tanto da Ari$totile commendato, uoleua che infiniti corpicelli $i troua$$ero, che per mo
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diff changeset
3270 do alcuno non riceue$$ero diui$ione, ma fu$$ero indiui$ibili, &amp; impartibili. Ma come egli inten-
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3271 de$$e que$to, accioche un tant'huomo non $ia contra ragione bia$imato, io dir&ograve;, che la diui$ione
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diff changeset
3272 de i corpi, come corpi, &amp; delle parti, &amp; delle particelle andaua in infinito, n&egrave; $i poteu&agrave; que$ta
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3273 diui$ione po$$ibile intendere altrimenti: ma dall' altro canto con$iderando egli molto bene, che i
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diff changeset
3274 corpi natarali erano compo$ti di materia, &amp; di forma, &amp; che poteuano e$$er diui$i in co$i minu
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3275 te parti, che niuna di quelle pote$$e piu pre$tare l'ufficio $uo, n&egrave; fare la $ua operatione naturale,
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3276 come $e egli $i piglia$$e una minima parte di carne, che non pote$$e fare la operatione di carne:
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diff changeset
3277 per&ograve; egli uolle, che i corpi naturali fu$$ero compo$ti di que$ti corpicelli indiui$ibili, non in quanto
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diff changeset
3278 corpi, &amp; quantit&agrave; intelligibile, &amp; mathematica, ma in quanto corpi naturali compo$ti di mate-</I>
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diff changeset
3279 <pb n="73">
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diff changeset
3280 <I>ria, &amp; d&igrave; forma naturale. &amp; uolle, che que$ti fu$$ero in$initi, cio&egrave; di numero grandi$$imo, &amp; di
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parents:
diff changeset
3281 figure diuer$e. &amp; per&ograve; altri ritondi, altri piani, altri dritti, altri adunchi, altri aeuti, altri rin
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diff changeset
3282 tuzzati, altri di quadrata, altri d'altra forma facendo, &amp; nel uacuo del mondo di$pergendogli,
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diff changeset
3283 uoleua, che per la unione, &amp; per la $eparatione di quelli $atta diuer$amente, $i produce$$ero le
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diff changeset
3284 co$e, &amp; manca$$ero, come ci appare. Et que$ta era l'opinione di Democrito, per la quale $i com
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3285 prende, ch egli uoluto habbia, &amp; creduto, che la natural figura, &amp; apparenza de i corpi $ia la
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diff changeset
3286 forma loro $o$tantiale, &amp; uera; il che in uero non &egrave;, perche la figura &egrave; accidente, &amp; non $o$tan-
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3287 za delle co$e. Pare che Vitr. uoglia, che Democrito habbia hauuto la opinione de i Pithagorici$e
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3288 bene egli non ha nominato aere, acqua, terra, n&egrave; fuoco: &amp; for$e per que$ta cagione egli nell'otta
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3289 uo libro non ha fatto mentione di que$to. Ma dichiamo anchora noi alcuna co$a. Quattro $ono i
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3290 <18>rincipij materiali di tutte le co$e ( come uogliono gli antichi, che gli chiamorono primi corpi )
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3291 &amp; que$ti $ono terra, acqua, aete, &amp; fuoco. Et $e piu oltra pa$$are $i uole$$e, egli $i potrcbbe
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3292 dire anche que$ti e$$er compo$ti d'altri principij; ma non $i conuiene piu adentro penetrare in que-
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diff changeset
3293 $to luogo. perche hora $i tratta di que principij, le qualit&agrave; de i quali fanno tutte le mutationi, &amp;
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3294 gli effetti, che nelle co$e $i trouano, &amp; quelle qualit&agrave; deono e$$er manife$te come ne i $eguenti uer-
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diff changeset
3295 $i tratti dalle no$tre Meteore $i dimo$tra.</I>
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diff changeset
3296 <p><I>Poi che da prima il mondo giouanetto
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3297 Mo$tr&ograve; $ua bella faccia, che confu$a,
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diff changeset
3298 Ogni forma teneua in un' a$petto:</I>
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diff changeset
3299 <p><I>Et la diuina mano aprio la chiu$a
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3300 A gli elementi, &amp; in gioconda uece
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3301 Fu $ua uirtute nelle co$e infu$a.</I>
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3302 <p><I>Delle piaggie mondane ancora fece
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3303 L'ordine bello, e'l uariato $tile,
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3304 A beneficio dell' humana $pece.</I>
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3305 <p><I>Dalla terra l'humor, l'aura gentile
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3306 Dal foco $ciel$e, &amp; a que corpi diede
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3307 Loco $ublime, a que$ti ba$$o, e humile.</I>
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3308 <p><I>Et $e l'un per di$tanza l'altro eccede,
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3309 Pure han tra lor uirt&ugrave; conueniente,
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diff changeset
3310 Ond'il tutto qua giu d'indi procede.</I>
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3311 <p><I>Etra lor ben $i cangiano $ouente,
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diff changeset
3312 Et la terra nell' acqua ri$oluta
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3313 Rara diuenta, liquida, &amp; corrente.</I>
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3314 <p><I>L'Humor la $ua grauezza anche rifiuta,
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3315 E s' a$$otigliain aer, &amp; que$ti ancora
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3316 In $ottili$$imo foco $i tramuta.</I>
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3317 <p><I>In que$to uariar non $i dimora,
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3318 Ch'il fuoco $cema la $ua leggierezza,
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3319 Et per la nuoua forma $i $colora.</I>
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3320 <p><I>L'aer lubrico, &amp; graue a piu chiarezza
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3321 Si moue del liquor, che a maggior pondo,
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3322 Giugne la $iccitade, &amp; la $odezza.</I>
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3323 <p><I>Co$i natura uariando il mondo,
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parents:
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3324 Ripara d'una in l'altra la $emenza',
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parents:
diff changeset
3325 Delle co$e, che'l fan bello, &amp; giocondo.</I>
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3326 <p><I>Onde'l morir non &egrave;, $e non $tar $enza
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3327 L'e$$er di prima, e'l na$cer cominciare
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parents:
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3328 Altr'e$$er, altra forma, altra apparenza.</I>
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3329 <p><I>Que$to continuato uariare
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3330 Dello $tato mondano ordine tiene,
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3331 Soggetto alle uirt&ugrave; cele$ti, &amp; chiare</I>
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3332 <p><I>Ch'indi lo eterno cor$o lo mantiene,
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3333 Lo tempra, &amp; lo di$cerne, &amp; uariande
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parents:
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3334 In pro di noi uiuenti lo ritiene.
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parents:
diff changeset
3335 Et la mi$ura d'ogni co$a &egrave;'l quando.</I>
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parents:
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3336 <p><I>Quattro adunque $ono le prime qualit&agrave;, inanzi le quali niun'altra $i troua. Caldo, $ecco, hu-
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parents:
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3337 mido, &amp; freddo. da que$te per le loro me$colanze uengono tutte le altre, duro, molle, a$pro, pia
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parents:
diff changeset
3338 no, dolce, amaro, lieue, graue, tenace, raro, den$o, &amp; ogni altra $econda qualit&agrave;. la doue &egrave;
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3339 nece$$ario, che lo Architetto, il quale ha da con$iderare la bont&agrave;, &amp; gli effetti della materia,
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diff changeset
3340 che egli deue adoperare, $appia le forze delle prime qualit&agrave;, come dice Vitr. quando nel fine del
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diff changeset
3341 pre$ente Capo dice</I> { <I>Vedendo$i adunque, che dal cor$o di que principij conuenientemente compo
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diff changeset
3342 $ti</I> } <I>&amp; il re$tante. Quattro anche $ono le po$$ibili, &amp; naturali concorrenze delle prime qualit&agrave;
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3343 ne gli elementi; imperoche $tanno in$ieme l'humore e'l calore, l'humore e'l freddo, il freddo e'l
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diff changeset
3344 $ecco, il $ecco e'l caldo: &amp; cia$cuno de gli elementi ha due di quelle, ma una gli &egrave; propria, l'altra
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3345 appropriata. Il fuoco propriamente &egrave; caldo, l'aere humido, l'acqua fredda, la terra $ecca, &amp;
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diff changeset
3346 appropriatamente il fuoco &egrave; $ecco, l'aere caldo, l'acqua humida, la terra fredda. Quelli elemen</I>
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diff changeset
3347 <foot><I>K</I></foot>
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diff changeset
3348 <pb n="74">
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diff changeset
3349 <I>ti, che conuengono in una qualit&agrave;, piu facilmente $i tramut ano l uno, ncll'altro, come il fuoco,
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diff changeset
3350 &amp; l'aere, l'aere &amp; l'acqui, l'acqua &amp; la terra: perche doue $i troua conuenienza, &amp; $imiglian
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parents:
diff changeset
3351 za piu facile &egrave; la tramutatione. Il fuoco &egrave; caldo per lo $uo propio calore, &amp; $ecco per la $iccit&agrave;,
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parents:
diff changeset
3352 che egli riceue dalla terra: l'aere per $ua natura &egrave; humido, &amp; dal fuoco riceue il calore; l'acqua
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diff changeset
3353 per $e $te$$a &egrave; fredda, &amp; dallo aere preade la humidit&agrave;: la terra per la $ua propria $iccit&agrave; &egrave; $ec-
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diff changeset
3354 ca, ma per lo freddo dell' acqua &egrave; fredda. Et quando $i dice, che i $egni cele$ti $ono ignei, aerei,
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diff changeset
3355 acquei, o terre$tri, egli s'intende, che le loro uirt&ugrave; $ono atte ad influire qua giu gli effetti delle
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diff changeset
3356 qualit&agrave; de gli elementi. &amp; per&ograve; l'Ariete, al quale &egrave; attribuito la natura &amp; la comple$$ione del
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3357 fuoco, moltiplica con i $uoi calori ne i corpi mondani gli ardori, $caccia la frigidit &agrave; con$uma le hu
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diff changeset
3358 midit&agrave;, $ecca, &amp; a$ciuga i corpi. perche adunque la uirt&ugrave; di que$to $egno ha maggiore conue-
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3359 nienza col fuoco, che con al cuno altro de gli elementi, per&ograve; dicemo, che egli &egrave; caldo &amp; $ecco. il
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diff changeset
3360 $imile $i puo dire de gli altri $egni, $econdo le uirt&ugrave;, &amp; le forze delle influenze loro. Appre$$o
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diff changeset
3361 le gia dette co$e &egrave; degna di con$ideratione la forza delle predette qualit&agrave;, peroche il fuoco ri$olue,
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diff changeset
3362 tira a$e, dilata, $epara, di$trugge, alleggieri$ce, &amp; fa mobili tutte le co$e. il freddo conden$a,
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diff changeset
3363 re$trigne, uccide; l'humido riempie, gonfia, oppila, ritarda; Il $ecco rende a$pro, ranco, a$ciut-
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3364 to ogni $oggetto. per&ograve; &egrave; nece$$ario auuertire a i principij delle co$e, che alla compo$itione di quel-
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3365 le concorreno, per bene intendere gli effetti di cia$cuna. Vitr. adunque comincia &agrave; trattare de i
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3366 mattoni. &amp; dice.</I>
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3367 <HEAD><I>Dei Mattoni. Cap. III.</I></HEAD>
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3368 <p>ADVNQVE io dir&ograve; prima de i mattoni, di che terra $i habbiano &agrave; formare;
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3369 perche non di areno$a, n&egrave; giaro$a, n&egrave; $abbionegna lota $i fanno; perche e$-
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3370 fendo di tal $orte di terra compo$ti primamente $ono pe$anti, dapoi e$$endo
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3371 dalle pioggie bagnati, cadeno da i muri, &amp; le paglie, che in quelli $i pongo-
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3372 no, per la loro a$prezza non $i attacano, n&egrave; $i compongono in$ieme. Si deono adunque fa
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3373 re di terra bianchegna, creto$a, o ro$$a, o di $abbione ma$chio, perche que$te $orti di ter-
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3374 ra per la liggierezza loro hanno $olidit&agrave;, non caricano nell'opera, &amp; fanno buona pre$a.
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3375 <p><I>Tratta Vitr. de i mattoni, o quadrelli, che noi dichiamo, &amp; propone que$ta con$ideratione a
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3376 tutte le altre; percioche l'ultima ri$olutione di tutta la fabrica &egrave; ridotta ne i mattoni. prende da
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3377 gli effetti, &amp; u$o loro argomento della terra, di che $i deono fare, dapoi tratta del tempo di farli.
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3378 Delle pietre altre $ono natur ali, altre fatte dall' Arte. Si tratta prima delle artificiali nel pre$en-
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3379 te Capo; &amp; poi delle naturali nel $eguente: le artificiali adunque $ono i mattoni. &amp; quiui $i ha da
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3380 $apere di che terra, &amp; in che modo $i fanno, che qualitati, &amp; che forma deono hauere, &amp; in che
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3381 $tagione $i deono formare. Quanto adunque alla terra, $i deue pigliare la terra creto$a, bianche
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3382 gna, domabile, &amp; anche la creta ro$$a, &amp; il $abbion ma$chio, il quale &egrave; $econdo la opinione
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3383 d'alcuni, un $abbione molto gro$$o, &amp; granito, che per e$$er tale &egrave; detto ma$chio, $i come $i dice
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3384 incen$o ma$chio dalla forma. Io non po$$o affer mare, che co$i $ia, $e per $orte non &egrave; un $abbione
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3385 creto$o. &amp; che faccia pa$ta, o che $i ponga in compagnia di altra $orte di terra. La$cia$i del
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3386 tutto la terra giaro$a, &amp; $abionegna. Batte$i bene la terra, cio&egrave; $i $padazza con certe $patelle
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3387 di ferro, &amp; $i doma bene cacciatone le ciotole, &amp; le pietruzze, &amp; piu, che &egrave; domata, &amp; bat-
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3388 tuta, &egrave; migliore. Nc gli antichi s' &egrave; ueduto marmo pe$to, &amp; $abbia ro$$a. La terra Samia, l'Are
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3389 tina, la Modene$e, la Sagontina di $pagna, &amp; la Pergame$e d'A$ia lodate furono da gli antichi
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3390 nelle opere di terra: ma bi$ogna, che noi ne pigliamo, di doue $e ne puo hauer&egrave;. Si caua l'autun-
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parents:
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3391 no, $i macera il uerno, &amp; $i forma la primauera, ma'l uerno $i copreno di $ecca arena &amp; la $ta-
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3392 te di paglia bagnata. $e la nece$$it&agrave; ci $trigne$$e a formargli il uerno, ouero la $tate, bi$ogna fatti
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3393 che $ono $eccargli all' ombra per molto tempo, il che non $i fa bene in meno di due anni. poi $i deono</I>
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3394 <pb n="75">
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3395 <I>cuocere. Cotti molto per lo gran fuoco diuent ano duri<02>imi. De i mattoni alcuni $i cuoceuano,
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3396 altri $i la$ciauano crudi, &amp; de i crudi altri uetriati erano, altri n&ograve;. La Forma era tale. faceuan$t an
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3397 ticamente lunghi un piede &amp; mezo, larghi uno. Ve ne erano anche di quattro, &amp; di cinque pal
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3398 mi per ogni uer$o per gli edifici maggiori, benche $e ne uedino nelle fabriche antiche di Roma, di
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3399 lunghi $ei dita, gro<02>i uno, larghi tre per $elicare a $pina. ne gli archi, &amp; ne i legamenti $i uede-
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3400 no quadrelli di due piedi per ogni uer$o. Lodan$i anche, dice Leon Batti$ta di forma triangolare
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3401 d'un piede per ogni uer$o, gro<02>i un dito &amp; mezo, &amp; $i fanno quattro di e$$i uniti, la$ciandoui un po
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3402 co di taglio lungo i loro diametri, accioche dapoi che $ar&atilde;no cotti piu facilmente $i rompino. que$ta
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3403 forma &egrave; commoda al maneggiare, di manco $pe$a, &amp; di piu bel uedere: perche po$ta nelle fronti del
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3404 muro riuolto lo angulo in dentro dimo$tra larghezza di due piedi, l'opera $i $a piu $oda, et piu uaga,
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3405 perche pare, che ogni mattone nel muro $ia intiero. &amp; le cantonate dentate fanno una fermezza
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3406 mirabile come dimo$trano le figure I. &amp; II. $imilmente i mattoni $ottili politi, et fregati $ono di dura
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3407 ta, &amp; $i deono fregare $ubito tratti dalla fornace. Deono e$$er di pe$o leggieri, &amp; deono re$i$tere alle
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3408 acque, &amp; non riempir$i d'humore, ma bene far buona pre$a; leggieri per non caricare la fabrica;
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3409 re$i$tere alle acque, accioche per l'humore non $i $tacchino; far buona pre$a per fortificare il ma
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3410 ro. Nella creta, di che $i faceuano i mattoni $i poneuano le paglie tagliate, co$i dice Palladio
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3411 nel $efto al duodecimo Capo. Et $e ne legge la, doue il populo d'I$rael era afflitto da Faraone nel-
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3412 l'opera di far i mattoni.</I> { <I>Diterra bianchegna</I> } <I>Vitr. dice Albida. Plinio albicante.</I>
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diff changeset
3413 <p>Deon$i fare la primauera, ouero l'autunno, accioche $i $ecchino egualmente con uno
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diff changeset
3414 i$te$$o tenore. perche quelli, che $i fanno al tempo del $ole$titio $ono difetto$i, perche e$
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diff changeset
3415 $endo cotta dal $ole la lor coperta $operficiale, gli $a parere aridi, &amp; $ecchi, ma di dentro
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parents:
diff changeset
3416 non $ono a$ciutti, &amp; poi le parti aride crepano quando $eccando$i $i ri$trigneno; &amp; co$i
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parents:
diff changeset
3417 fe$si, $i fanno dcbili; &amp; per&ograve; $ommamente buoni $aranno quelli, che due anni prima $i for
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diff changeset
3418 meranno, percioche non piu pre$to $i po$$ono $eccare quanto bi$ogna. Et per&ograve; quando fre$
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parents:
diff changeset
3419 chi, &amp; non $ecchi $ono po$ti in lauoro indottaui la cro$ta, &amp; $tando quella rigidamente $o
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parents:
diff changeset
3420 da, dando in $e non po$$ono ritenere la i$te$$a altezza, che tiene la cro$ta, ma $i $taccano: &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
3421 per&ograve; non potendo la intonicatura della fabrica $eparata $tare da $e, $i rompe per la $ua $ot
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parents:
diff changeset
3422 tigliezza, &amp; dando i pareti in $e per $orte, riceueno mancamento. per que$ta ragione gli
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parents:
diff changeset
3423 Vticen$i nel far i pareti u$ano, &amp; metteno il mattone quando &egrave; bene a$ciutto, &amp; $ecco, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
3424 fatto cinque anni prima, &amp; che po$cia que$to $ia dal magi$trato pre$idente approuato.
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parents:
diff changeset
3425 <p><I>Dal pre$ente luogo $i douerebbe moderare la ingoraigia di quelli, che non prima pen$ato han-
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parents:
diff changeset
3426 no di fabricare, che in un $ubito uogliono hauere finita l'opera, $enza con$ideratione, o $cielta del
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parents:
diff changeset
3427 la materia. Ma giu$tamente $ono poi ca$tigati, quando per la loro tracuraggine, gli auuiene qual-
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parents:
diff changeset
3428 che $ini$tro.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3429 <p>Tre maniere di Mattoni $i fanno, una, che da Greci didoron &egrave; detta, quella, che da
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parents:
diff changeset
3430 no$tri $i u$a lunga un piede, larga mezo. L'altre $ono da Greci adoperate ne gli edi$icij lo-
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parents:
diff changeset
3431 ro, delle quali una &egrave; detta pendadoron, l'altra tetradoron. Doron chiamano il palmo:
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parents:
diff changeset
3432 &amp; in Greco Doron $i chiama il dare di doni, &amp; quello, che $i d&agrave;, $i porta nella palma del-
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parents:
diff changeset
3433 la mano: quello adunque, che per ogni uer$o &egrave; di palmi cinque, pentadoron, &amp; quello di
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parents:
diff changeset
3434 quattro, tetradoron $i dimanda; &amp; le opere publiche $i fanno di quelli, che $ono di cin-
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parents:
diff changeset
3435 que palmi, &amp; le priuate di quelli, che $ono di quattro.
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parents:
diff changeset
3436 <p><I>Palladio dice, che i mattoni $i deono gettare di Maggio, in una forma lunga due piedi, larga
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parents:
diff changeset
3437 uno, alta oncie quattro. Plinio, che piglia tutto il pre$ente luogo da Vitr. dice, che'l mattone
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parents:
diff changeset
3438 detto diodoro era longo un piede, &amp; mezo, largo un piede, &amp; co$i il Filandro dice, che ritroua
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parents:
diff changeset
3439 $critto in un te$to di Vitr. ma gli piace piu, che Vitr. habbia hauulo ri$petto alla larghezza, &amp;
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parents:
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3440 che egli habbia inte$o del palmo minore, doue due palmi fanno mezo piede. De i maggiori edifi-
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parents:
diff changeset
3441 cij, maggiori deono e$$er i membri, &amp; de i membri maggiori le parti maggiori: &amp; per&ograve; i Greci fa-
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parents:
diff changeset
3442 ceuano differenza nel porre in opera i mattoni.</I>
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parents:
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3443 <foot><I>K</I> 2</foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
3444 <pb n="76">
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parents:
diff changeset
3445 <p>Oltra di que$to $i fanno mezi mattoni, i quali quando $i metteno in opera, ne i cor$i di
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parents:
diff changeset
3446 una parte $i inetteno gli intieri, dall'altra i mezi: &amp; per&ograve; quando dall'una, &amp; l'altra parte
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parents:
diff changeset
3447 $ono po$ti &agrave; drittura i pareti cambieuolmente con gli ordini, &amp; cor$i $ono legati,
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parents:
diff changeset
3448 &amp; i mezi mattoni $opra quelle commi$$ure collocati, &amp; fermezza, &amp; a$petto non ingrato
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parents:
diff changeset
3449 fanno da l'una, &amp; l'altra parte.
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parents:
diff changeset
3450 <p><I>Vitruuio dimo$tra una bella maniera di mettere i mattoni uno $opra l'altro, &amp; perche la uarie
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parents:
diff changeset
3451 t&agrave; porge diletto in qualunque opera, per&ograve; trouando egli una forma di quadrelli differente in gran-
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parents:
diff changeset
3452 dezza, c'm$egna di accompagnarli in modo, che habbiano del buono. perche que$ti mezi mat-
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parents:
diff changeset
3453 toni accompagnati con quelli intieri, ne i cor$i, &amp; ne gli ordini, che egli dice, Coria, fanno un
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parents:
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3454 bel uedere, quando dalle commi$$ure di due quadrelli maggiori, $opra quelle uengono ad incon-
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parents:
diff changeset
3455 trare il mezo de i quadrelli minori, come $i uede nella figura $egnata, ani$odomon. &amp; l'e$$empio
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parents:
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3456 de i mattoni triangulari nelle figure $egnate. I. &amp; II. Similmente ci $ono le figure de i mattoni
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parents:
diff changeset
3457 detti didoron, tetradoron, &amp; pentadoron, con le maniere di murare, delle quali parla Vitru.
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parents:
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3458 nell' ottauo capo del pre$ente libro. $eguita poi Vitr. di filo$ofare cerca la ragione, che in alcuni
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parents:
diff changeset
3459 luoghi imattoni $ecchi $opra nuotano all'acqua, &amp; dice.</I>
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parents:
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3460 <p>Sono nella Spagna di l&agrave; Calento, &amp; Malsia, &amp; nell'A$ia Pitane, doue i mattoni, quan
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parents:
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3461 do $ono $pianati, &amp; $ecchi, po$ti poi nell'acqua $opranuotano. Ma perche po$sino co$i
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parents:
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3462 nuotare, que$ta mi pare, che $ia la ragione: perche la terra di che $i fanno, &egrave; come po=
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parents:
diff changeset
3463 mice, &amp; per&ograve; e$$endo liggiera, &amp; ra$$odata dallo aere non riceue, n&egrave; a$$orbe il liquo
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parents:
diff changeset
3464 re, &amp; per&ograve; e$$endo di lieue, &amp; di rara propriet&agrave;, n&egrave; la$ciando, che entri l'humor nella
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parents:
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3465 $ua corporatura, $ia di che pe$o e$$er $i uoglia, &egrave; forzata, come la pomice, da e$$a natu
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parents:
diff changeset
3466 ra di e$$er dall'acqua $o$tenuta, &amp; di quc$to modo ne hanno grande utilit&agrave;, perche n&egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
3467 troppo pe$o hanno nelle opere, n&egrave; quando $i formano $ono disfatti dalle pioggie.
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parents:
diff changeset
3468 <p><I>Strabone nel terzo decimo libro della $ua Co$mografia co$i dice. Dicono che appre$$o Pita-
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parents:
diff changeset
3469 ne i quadrelli nell'acqua $opranuotano, il che adiuiene $imilmente in Etruria in una certa I$ola:
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parents:
diff changeset
3470 imperoche e$$endo quella terra piu lieue che l'acqua, accade che e$$a &egrave; portata. Po$$idonio rife-
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parents:
diff changeset
3471 ri$ce hauer ueduto, che i quadrelli fatti d'una certa creta, che netta le co$e inargentate, $ta di
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parents:
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3472 opra l'acqua. puo e$$er anche la regione del $opranuotare, la ontuo$it&agrave; della pietr&agrave;, &amp; le
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parents:
diff changeset
3473 $cauerno$it&agrave; con la ecce$siua $iccit&agrave;, che non admmetta l'huinore.</I>
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parents:
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3474 <pb n="77">
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parents:
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3475 <fig>
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parents:
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3476 <pb n="78">
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parents:
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3477 <HEAD><I>Dell' Arena. Cap. IIII.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
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3478 <p>MA nelle opere di cementi bi$ogna hauer cura di truouar la arena, accioche
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parents:
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3479 ella $ia buona a me$colar la materia, n&egrave; habbia $eco terra me$colata. Le $pe-
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parents:
diff changeset
3480 cie dell'arena, che $i caua $ono que$te. La nera, la bianca, la ro$$a, il car-
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parents:
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3481 boncino. Di que$te &egrave; ottima quella, che $troppicciata con le dita, cigola:
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parents:
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3482 ma quella che $ar&agrave; me$chiata con terra, non hauer&agrave; a$prezza. Similmente $e l'Arena get-
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parents:
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3483 tata $opra una ue$te bianca, &amp; poi crollata non la$cier&agrave; macchia, n&egrave; iui re$ter&agrave; terra di
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parents:
diff changeset
3484 $otto, quella $ar&agrave; buona. Ma $e non $aranno luoghi di caua, allhora $ar&agrave; nece$$ario cer
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parents:
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3485 nirla dai fiumi, &amp; dalle giare, &amp; anche dal lito del mare: ma quella nelle murature, &amp;
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parents:
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3486 ne i lauori ha que$ti difetti, che difficilmente $i a$ciuga, n&egrave; doue ella $i truoua il pa-
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parents:
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3487 rete $opporta di e$$er continuamente di molto pe$o aggrauato, $e con qualche trala$cia-
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parents:
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3488 mento dell' opera non ripo$a, &amp; oltra di que$to riceue i uolti: &amp; l'arena del mare ha que
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parents:
diff changeset
3489 $to male di piu, che quando i muri $aranno coperti, &amp; intonicati $putando la $al$ugine $i
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parents:
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3490 di$cioglieranno. Ma le arene, che $i cauano di fo$$e, po$te in opera, pre$to $i a$ciuga-
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parents:
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3491 no, &amp; nelle coperte de i muri durano, $opportando i uolti: ma bi$ogna cauarle di fre$co,
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3492 perche $tando troppo allo $coperto $i ri$olueno in terreno per lo Sole, per la Luna, &amp; per
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3493 la brina: doue poi po$te in opera non ritengo i cementi, ma $i $taccano, &amp; cadeno, &amp; i
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3494 muri fatti con quelle non $o$tengono i pe$i. Ma le arene che di fre$co $i cauano, $e bene
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3495 hanno tanta bont&agrave; nel murare, non $ono per&ograve; utili nelle incro$tature, &amp; coperte de i
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3496 muri, perche la calce con la paglia me$colata con la gra$$ezza di quella per la fortezza,
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3497 che tiene, non puo $eccar$i $enza fi$$ure. Ma quella de i fiumi per la magrezza $ua, come
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3498 l'A$traco, bene battuta, &amp; impa$tata, riceue nelle coperte $olidit&agrave;, &amp; fermezza.
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3499 <p><I>Vitruuio narra le $orti dell'arena, i $egni di cono$cerla, quello, che in ca$o di nece$$it&agrave; do-
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3500 uemo fare, i difetti, &amp; le utilit&agrave; di quelle $orti. Plinio $i $erue di questo luogo al duodecimo
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3501 Capo del trente$imo quinto libro. La $o$ianza della terra &egrave; in tre modi uariata; La gro$$a &egrave; det
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3502 ta arena. La $ottile, argilla. La mediocre, commune. La arena &egrave; $terile, &amp; non &egrave; atta ad e$$er
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3503 formata in modo alcuno. L'argilla &egrave; buona, &amp; per notrire le pia<*>te, &amp; per e$$ere adoper ata
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3504 in molte forme. Di que$ta $orte era quella terra bianca gia detta Ta$conicem, della quale in
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3505 I$pagna $opra gli alti monti $i faceuano i luoghi alti dalle guardie, &amp; a i d&igrave; no$tri ( come riferi-
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3506 $ce l'Agricola ) &egrave; una torre di questa terra appre$$o Coruerco citt&agrave; di Sa$$onia, piu $icura dal
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3507 fuoco, da i uenti, &amp; dalle pioggie, che $e fu$$e fatta di pietre, perche per la $ua grauit&agrave; re$i-
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diff changeset
3508 $te all'impeto de i uenti, per lo fuoco s'indura; &amp; non riceuendo l'humore, non $i riempe d'acque;
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diff changeset
3509 &amp; per&ograve; deue e$$er gra$$a, $ottile &amp; $pe$$a. Ma torniamo all'arena. Troua$i arena di caua.
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3510 que$ta tiene il primo grado di bont&agrave;. troua$i anche arena di fiume $otto'l primo $uolo, &amp; di
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3511 torrente $otto la balza, doue l'acque $oendono. truoua$i anche la marina: que$ta $e deue e$
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3512 $ere buona, bi$ogna, che negreggi, &amp; $ia lucida come uetro. i colori dell' arena $ono il nero, il
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3513 bianco, &amp; il ro$$o. La n&eacute;ra &egrave; a$$ai buona, la bianca tra quelle di caua &egrave; la peggiore: la ro$$a $i
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diff changeset
3514 u$aua a Roma: ma hora $i u$a la nera detta pozzolana, che &egrave; molto buona. Il Carboncino &egrave; ter
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3515 ra ar$a dal fuoco rinchiu$o ne i monti piu $oda di terra non cotta, piu molle del tofo, &amp; piu
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3516 commendabile. L'arena con giara me$colata &egrave; utile alle fondamenta, &amp; piu commendata la
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3517 piu minuta, angulo$a, &amp; $enza terra. Tra le marine la piu gro$$a, &amp; la piu uicina alle riue
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3518 &egrave; la migliore. pre$to $i $ecca, &amp; pre$to $i bagna, &amp; $i disf&agrave; per lo $al$o, &amp; non $o$tenta
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3519 il pe$o. L'arena di fiume &egrave; buona per intonicare i mari. l'arena di caua a i uolti continuati
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3520 $erue; ma &egrave; gra$$a, tenace, &amp; fa peli ne i pareti. Delle $pecie di caua, &egrave; migliore quella, che
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3521 e$$endo $tropicciata con le dita $tride, che sdrucciolando giu de i panni bianchi, non la$cia n&egrave; ter</I>
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3522 <pb n="79">
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parents:
diff changeset
3523 <I>ra, n&egrave; macchia. La pozzolana d&agrave; mirabile $odezza alle opere fatte nell acque. di que$ta ne par-
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3524 ler&agrave; Vitruuio piu $otto.</I>
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3525 <HEAD><I>Dellacalce, &amp; del modo d'impastarla. Cap. V.</I></HEAD>
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3526 <p>Hauendo$i chiaro quello che appartiene alla copia della arena, bi$ogna anche
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parents:
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3527 u$ar diligenza, che la calce cotta $ia di pietra bianca, ouero di Selice, &amp; quella
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parents:
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3528 che $ar&agrave; di piu den$o, &amp; duro Selice, $ar&agrave; piu utilmente adoperata nelle muta
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parents:
diff changeset
3529 ture: ma quella che $i far&agrave; di $pugno$a, $ar&agrave; buona nelle intonicature. Quan
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3530 do la calce $ar&agrave; e$tinta, allhora $i deue impa$tare la materia in que$to modo, che piglian-
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parents:
diff changeset
3531 do$i arena di caua tre parti di quelle con una di calce $i tempra: $e di $iume, o di mare, due
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3532 parti di arena, &amp; una di calce, &amp; co$i giu$ta uerr&agrave; la ragione della malta, &amp; della t em-
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parents:
diff changeset
3533 pra $ua. &amp; anche $e nell'arene o di fiume, o di mare pi$te $eranno le $pezzature di te$tole, &amp;
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3534 criuellate, la terza parte far&agrave; la pa$ta migliore. Ma perche la calce riceuendo l'acqua, &amp;
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3535 l'arena faccia piu $oda la muratura, que$ta pare, che $ia la ragione. perche i $a$si, come
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parents:
diff changeset
3536 gli altri corpi, $ono compo$ti di elementi, &amp; quelli, che nella loro mi$tura hanno piu
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3537 dello aere, $ono teneri, quelli, che abondano d'acqua $ono lenti, per l'humore, quelli,
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parents:
diff changeset
3538 che hanno piu della terra $ono duri, &amp; quelli doue predomina il fuoco, $ono fragili. &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
3539 per&ograve; di que$ti corpi, $e i $a $si, prima che $iano cotti, pi$tati minutamente, &amp; con l'arena
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parents:
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3540 impa$tati, $aranno po$ti in opera, n&egrave; $i faranno $odi, n&egrave; potranno tenere unita la fabric
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parents:
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3541 ca. Ma quando gettati nella fornace pre$i dal gran feruore del fuoco, haueranno perduto
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3542 la uirtu della loro $odezza, allhora abbruciate, &amp; con$umate le forze loro, re$tano con
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parents:
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3543 buchi, &amp; fori aperti, &amp; uoti. Il liquore adunque, che &egrave; nel corpo di quella pietra, &amp; lo
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parents:
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3544 aere e$$endo con$umato, o leuato, hauendo in $e a$co$o il re$tante del calore, po$to che
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3545 &egrave; nell'acqua, prima che'l fuoco e$ca fuori, ricouera la forza, &amp; penetrando l'humore nel
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parents:
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3546 la rarit&agrave; de i fori, bolle, &amp; co$i raffreddato manda fuori del corpo della calce quel feruo
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parents:
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3547 rc: &amp; per&ograve; i $a$si tratti della fornace non ri$pondeno al loro primo pe$o: &amp; benche hab-
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3548 biano la i$te$$a grandezza, pure po$cia che &egrave; a$ciutto il liquore, $i trouano mancare della
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3549 terza parte del pe$o. E$$endo adunque i buchi loro aperti, &amp; rari pigliano la me$colan-
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3550 za dell'arena, &amp; $i accompagnano, &amp; $eccando$i con le pietre $i raunano, &amp; ferma fan-
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3551 no la muratura.
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3552 <p><I>Nel pre$ente luogo $i tratta della calce, la natura, la materia, &amp; la comparatione della ma
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3553 teria, di che $i fa la calce. Ogni pietra purgata da humori, $ecca, frale, &amp; che non habbia co
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3554 $a da e$$er con$umata dal fuoco, &egrave; buona per far la calce. Gli Architetti antichi lodauano la
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3555 calce fatta di pietra duri$$ima, $pe$$a, &amp; candida. Vitruuio loda la Selice: benche altri dica,
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3556 che ogni pietra da calce cauata $ia migliore della raccolta; &amp; di ombro$a, &amp; humida ca-
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parents:
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3557 ua piu to$to, che di $ecca; &amp; di bianca, meglio che di bruna. Quella calce, che &egrave; fatta di
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3558 Macigni &egrave; di natura gra$$a, $e non ha $ale, &amp; &egrave; piu amma<02>ata, &amp; limata getta polue. La
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3559 calce $i cuoce in hore $e$$anta: &amp; la piu lodata deue re$tare il terzo piu liggiera della $ua pietra.
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3560 Ma &egrave; co$a mirabile del boglimento, che ella fa, quando $i le getta l'acqua di $opra. Egli $i
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3561 legge in $anto. Ago$tino al quarto Capo del uente$imo primo libro della Citt&agrave; di Dio, que$to
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3562 bello $entimento. La calce concepe il fuoco dal fuoco. &amp; e$$endo la zolla fredda immer$a nel
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3563 l'acqua, $erua il fuoco na$co$o, di modo, che egli a niun $en$o &egrave; manife$to. ma per&ograve; $i ha per
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3564 i$perienza, che $e bene il fuoco non appare, $i $a per&ograve;, che egli ui &egrave; dentro; per il che chia
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3565 mamo quella calce uiua: come, che il fuoco na$co$o $ia l'anima inui$ibile di quel corpo ui$ibi
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3566 le: ma quanto &egrave; mirabile, che mentre ella $i e$tingue piu $i accenda? &amp; per leuarle, il fuo
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3567 co occulto $e le infonda l'acqua? &amp; e$$endo prima fredda, poi bolle da quella co$a, di doue tut-</I>
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3568 <pb n="80">
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3569 <I>te le co$e boglienti $i raffreddano. Pare adunque che quella zolla e$piri mentre appare il $ue-
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3570 co, che $i parte. &amp; finalmente re$ta come morta, in modo che gettat aui di nuouo l'acqua, ella
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3571 piu non arde, &amp; quella calce, che prima era chiamata uiua, poi che &egrave; e$tinta, morta $i
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3572 chiama: &amp; d&iacute; piu $i ha, che la calce non boglie $e ui $ar&agrave; infu$o l'oglio. Dico io che il calore
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3573 che acqui$ta la calce nella fornace, rinchiu$o in e$$a $i re$trigne, fuggendo dal freddo dell'ac-
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3574 qua, come da $uo nimico, &amp; per tale unione $i rinforza, &amp; diuenta $uoco: &amp; per&ograve; l'acqua
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3575 aceende la calce, che co$i non accende la cenere, perche nella cenere $i con$uma il calore: pe-
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3576 r&ograve; la calce tratta di fornace purgata dal fuoco, &egrave; liggiera, &amp; $onora, &egrave; lodata: &amp; ma$si-
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3577 mamente $e bagnata con grande $trepito euapora: ma con que$ta $i me$chia piu arena, che con
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diff changeset
3578 quella, che tratta dalla fornace hauer&agrave; le $caglie in polue ri$olte. La calce $i fa piu tenera
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3579 criuellando$i la $abbia, piu $pe$$a con la $abbia angulare, piu tenace con la terza parte di te$to-
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3580 le pi$te, &amp; bene incorporate, &amp; ben battute.</I>
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3581 <HEAD><I>Della polue pozzolana. Cap. VI.</I></HEAD>
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3582 <p>Evui anche una $pecie di polue, che di natura fa co$e merauiglio$e. Na$ce a
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3583 Baie, &amp; ne i campi di coloro, che $ono appre$$o il monte Ve$uuio. Que-
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3584 $ta temperata con la calce, &amp; con cementi, non $olo d&agrave; fermezza a gli altri edi-
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3585 ficij, ma le grandi opere, che $i fanno nel Mare per lei $ott'acqua $i fanno
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3586 piu forti. La ragione di que$to &egrave;, perche $otto que monti, &amp; $otterra $ono ardenti$sime,
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3587 &amp; $pe$$e fonti, lequali non $arebbeno, $e nel fondo loro non haue$$ero zolfo, ouero allume,
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3588 ouero bitume, che fanno grandi$simi fuochi. Penetrando adunque il fuoco, &amp; il uapo-
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3589 re della fiamma nel mezo delle uene, &amp; ardendo rende quella terra lieue, &amp; il tofo, che
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3590 na$ce in que luoghi a$$orbe, &amp; &egrave; $enza liquore. E$$endo adunque tre co$e di $imigliante
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3591 natura dalla uehemenza del fuoco formate in una mi$tura concorrenti, $ubito che han-
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3592 no riceuuto il liquore, $i raunano, &amp; pre$o l'humore indurite $i raunano, &amp; ra$$odano
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3593 di modo, che n&egrave;'l mare, n&egrave; la forza dell'acqua le puo di$ciogliere: Ma che in que luoghi
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3594 $iano ardori, egli $i dimo$tra per que$to; che ne i monti Cumani, &amp; Baiani, $i cauano i
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3595 luoghi per li bagni, ne i quali na$cendo il feruente uapore dal fondo con la forza del fuo=
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3596 co penetra per quella terra, &amp; trapa$$andola in que luoghi ri$orge, &amp; d'indi per li $udato-
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3597 ri $i cauano grandi utilit&agrave;. Similmente $i narra anticamente e$$ere cre$ciuti gli ardori, &amp;
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3598 e$$er abondati $otto il Monte Ve$uuio, &amp; d'indi hauere per li campi $par$a la fiamma d'in-
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3599 torno: &amp; per&ograve; quella pietra, che $pugna, ouero pomice Pompeiana $i chiama, cotta per-
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3600 fettamente, da un'altra $pecie di pietra in que$ta qualit&agrave; pare, che $ia ridotta. &amp; quella
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3601 $orte di $pugna, che iui $i caua, non na$ce in ogni luogo, $e non d'intorno il monte Etna,
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3602 &amp; i colli della Mi$ia, detti da i Greci, Catachiecaumeni, &amp; altroue $e iui $ono que$te pro-
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3603 priet&agrave; di luoghi. $e adunque in quelle parti $i trouano le fonti d'acque feruenti; &amp; da gli
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3604 antichi $i narra, che nelle concauit&agrave; de i monti $i trouano caldi uapori, &amp; le fiamme $ono
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3605 ite per molti luoghi uagando, pare ueramente e$$ere certa co$a, che per la uehemenza del
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3606 fuoco dal tofo, &amp; dalla terra, come nelle fornaci dalla calce, co$i da que$ti $a$si e$$er trat-
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diff changeset
3607 to il liquore. &amp; per&ograve; da co$e di$pari, &amp; di$simili in$ieme raunate, &amp; in una uirt&ugrave; ri$trette,
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3608 &amp; il caldo digiuno d'humore dall'acqua $ubito $atiato raccommunando i corpi, bolle per
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3609 lo calore na$co$o, &amp; fa, che quelli fortemente s'uni$chino, &amp; pre$to riceuino la forza del-
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3610 la $odezza. Ci re$ta il di$iderio di $apere, perche e$$endo in Etruria molte fonti d'acque
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3611 boglienti, non ui $ia anche la polue, che na$ce ne i detti luoghi, laquale per la i$te$$a ra-
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3612 gione faccia $ode l'opere di $ott'acqua. &amp; per&ograve; prima che cio $ia richie$to, mi pare, per-
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3613 che co$i $ia, renderne conto. In tutte le parti, &amp; in tutti i luoghi non $i truoua la i$te$$a
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3614 <pb n="81">
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3615 $orte di terra, n&egrave; di pietre, ma alcune $ono terregne, alcune fabbionegne, alcune giaro-
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3616 $e, &amp; altre areno$e, &amp; co$i altroue diuer$e, &amp; del tutto di$simili, &amp; di$pari maniere, co-
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3617 me $ono le regioni $i truouano le qualit&agrave; della terra. &amp; que$to $i puo molto bene con$ide-
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3618 rare, che la doue l'Apennino cigne le parti d'Italia, &amp; di To$cana qua$i in ogni luogo
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3619 non manca l'arena di caua: ma oltra lo Apennino doue &egrave; il Mare Adriatico, niente $i
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3620 troua, n&egrave; in Achaia, n&egrave; in A$ia, &amp; in breue oltra il mare appena $e ne $ente il nome:
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3621 Adunque non in tutti i luoghi, doue bolleno le fonti dell'acque calde, concorrer po$$ono
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3622 le mede$ime commodit&agrave; delle co$e, ma tutte ( come &egrave; da natura ordinato ) non $econdo
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3623 le uoglie humane, ma per $orte diui$e, &amp; di$tribuite $ono. In que luoghi adunque, ne i
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3624 quali non $ono i monti terregni, ma che tengono le qualit&agrave; della materia di$po$ta pa$-
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3625 $ando per quelli la forza del fuoco gli abbrucia. &amp; quello, che &egrave; molle, &amp; tenero a$ciuga,
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3626 &amp; la$cia quello, che &egrave; a$pro. &amp; per&ograve; $i come in campagna la terra abbruciata diuenta pol-
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3627 ue, co$i la cotta in Etruria $i fa Carboncino, &amp; l'una, &amp; l'altra materia &egrave; ottima nel fabri
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3628 care: ma ritengono altra forza ne gli edificij, che $i fanno in terra, altra nelle grandi ope=
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3629 re, che $i fanno in mare, perche la uirtu della materia iui &egrave; piu molle del tofo, &amp; piu $o-
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3630 da, che la terra. del qual tofo del tutto abbru$ciato dal fondo per la forza del calore in al-
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3631 cuni luoghi $i fa quella $orte di arena, che $i chiama carboncolo.
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3632 <p><I>Plinio piglia que$to luogo nel terzodecimo Capo del trente$imo quinto libro, &amp; non s'in-
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3633 tende, che Vitru. parli qui di quella pozzolana, che hoggid&igrave; $i u$a in Roma. il re$to &egrave; facile
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3634 per la interpretatione.</I>
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3635 <HEAD><I>De i luoghi, doue $i tagliano le pietre.</I></HEAD>
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3636 <HEAD><I>Cap. VII.</I></HEAD>
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3637 <p>Fin qui chiaramente io ho ragionato della calce, &amp; dell'arena di che diuer$it&agrave;
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3638 $iano, &amp; che forze s'habbiano: $eguita che $i dica per ordine delle petraic,
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3639 delle quali gran copia di quadrati $a$si, &amp; di cementi $i cauano per gli edifi-
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3640 cij. Que$te $i truouano di uarie, &amp; molto di$simiglianti maniere, perche
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3641 alcune $ono molli, come d'intorno a Roma, le ro$$e, le Paliane, le Fidenate, le Albane; al-
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3642 cune temperate, come le Teuertine, le Amiternine, le Sorattine, &amp; altre di que$ta maniera;
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diff changeset
3643 Alcune poi $ono dure, come $ono le $elici. Sonui anche altre $pecie, come in Campagna
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3644 il Tofo nero, &amp; il ro$$o. Nell'Vmbria, nel Piceno, &amp; nella Marca Triui$ana il bianco,
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3645 il quale come legno con dentata $ega $i taglia. Ma tutte quelle, che $ono molli hanno
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3646 que$ta utilit&agrave;, che quando i $a$si $ono cauati dalla petraia facilmente $i maneggiano nelle
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3647 opere: &amp; $e $ono al coperto $o$tentano i pe$i. ma allo aere indurite, &amp; gelate per le brine,
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3648 &amp; per li cadimenti delle acque, $i $pezzano, &amp; $e $ono appre$$o le parti maritime $ono man
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3649 giate dalla $al$ugine, n&egrave; reggeno a i gran caldi. Le Teuertine, &amp; quelle, che $ono della
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3650 i$te$$a maniera $opportano i carichi delle opere, &amp; le ingiurie de i mali tempi, ma non lo-
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3651 no $icure dal fuoco: &amp; $ubito, che da quello $ono toccate $i $pezzano, percioche nella lo-
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3652 ro naturale temperatura hanno poco humore, &amp; non molto del terreno. ma a$$ai dello
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3653 aere, &amp; del fuoco. E$$endo adunque in quelle poco della terra, &amp; del humore, &amp; pene-
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3654 trando anche il fuoco per la forza del uapore $cacciatone lo aere da quelle, $eguitandole
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diff changeset
3655 affatto, &amp; occupando gli $pacij uoti delle uene, boglie, &amp; le rende $imili a i $uoi corpi
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3656 ardenti. $ono anche altre petraie ne i confini de Tarquine$i dette Anitiane, del colore del-
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3657 le Albane. le officine delle quali $pecialmente d'intorno il lago di Vol$cena, &amp; nella pre-
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3658 fettura Stratonie$e $i truouano, que$te hanno uirt&ugrave; infinite, perche n&egrave; i grandi giacci, n&egrave;
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3659 la forza del fuoco le nuoce, ma ferme $ono, &amp; per que$to durabili alla uecchiezza. percio-
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3660 che nella loro mi$tura hanno poco dello aere, &amp; del fuoco, ma di temperato humore,
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3661 <foot><I>L</I></foot>
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3662 <pb n="82">
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3663 &amp; molto del terreno, &amp; co$i con i$pe$$e compo$itioni a$$odate, n&egrave; dalle tempe$tate, n&egrave; dal-
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parents:
diff changeset
3664 le forze del fuoco $enteno nocumento. &amp; que$to $i puo ma$simamente giudicare da i mo-
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parents:
diff changeset
3665 numenti, che $ono d'intorno la terra di Ferento, fatti di que$te pietre. perche hanno le
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diff changeset
3666 $tatue grandi fatte egregiamente, &amp; le figurine, &amp; i fiori, &amp; gli acanti mirabilmente $col-
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3667 piti, lequali benche $iano uecchie, pareno per&ograve; co$i nuoue, che $e fu$$ero hor hora fatte.
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diff changeset
3668 $imilmente i fabbri del metallo adoperano per li getti le forme fatte di que$te pietre, &amp; ne
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3669 hanno di quelle per fondere il metallo grandi$simi commodi. le quali $e fu$$ero pre$$o
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diff changeset
3670 Roma, degna co$a $arebbe, che da que$te officine fu$$ero fatte tutte le co$e, ma forzan-
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parents:
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3671 doci la nece$sit&agrave; per la uicinanza che delle ro$$e, &amp; delle Paliane, &amp; di quelle, che $ono ui-
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parents:
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3672 cine a Roma ci $eruiamo, $e alcuno uorr&agrave; porle in opera $enza difetto, bi$ogner&agrave; in que-
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3673 $to modo apparecchiarle. Douendo$i fabricare, due anni prima non nel uerno, ma nel-
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parents:
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3674 la $tate $i caueranno quelle pietre, &amp; $i la$ciaranno $te$e allo $coperto. &amp; quelle, che dal-
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parents:
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3675 le pioggie &amp; mali tempi per lo $pacio di due anni $aranno $tate offe$e, $iano po$te nelle fon
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parents:
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3676 damenta: le altre non gua$te, come approuate dalla natura, potranno $opra terra nelle
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parents:
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3677 fabriche mantener$i, n&egrave; $olamente $i deono que$te co$e o$$eruare nelle pietre quadrate, ma
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parents:
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3678 anche nelle opere di cemento.
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parents:
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3679 <p><I>Vitruuio tratta in que$to luogo delle pietre fatte dalla natura, &amp; ne dimo$tra la diuer$it&agrave;, l'u-
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parents:
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3680 $o, &amp; il commodo di e$$e molto facilmente. &amp; tutta que$ta materia $imilmente &egrave; stata pigliata,
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3681 &amp; leuata di pe$o dir&ograve; co$i, da Plinio nel trente$imo quinto libro al uige$imo $econdo Capo.
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parents:
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3682 Hora anche noi in $omma diremo. Cinque generi di pietre naturali $i trouano, la Gemma, il
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3683 marmo, la cote, il $elice, il $a$$o. Le Gemme $i cono$ceno dalla $o$tanza, dal uedere, dal toc-
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parents:
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3684 care, &amp; dalla lima. $ono piu graui, &amp; piu fredde del uetro, non pati$ceno la lima, hanno lo
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3685 $plendore piu $aldo, piu chiaro, &amp; empieno, &amp; dilettano la uista piu che $i mirano, n&egrave; $i $mar-
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parents:
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3686 ri$cono al lume della lucerna, &amp; $ono di $o$tanza uiuace, &amp; piena. Di que$te non ragiona l'Ar-
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parents:
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3687 chitetto, perche non uanno nelle $abriche. I marmi prouano la lima, $ono grandi, &amp; ri$plen-
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3688 deno: le $elici hanno come $quame; le coti come grani; i $a$$i non hanno $plendore. Ragionan-
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parents:
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3689 do delle pietre, con$ideramo il tempo di cauarle, la quantit&agrave;, la qualit&agrave;, la comparatione, l'u$o.
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parents:
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3690 &amp; da gli edificij fatti $i pigliano le lor qualit&agrave;. per&ograve; $i ha, che la pietra blanca ubidi$ce piu, che
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3691 la fo$ca. La trapparente meglio, che l'opaca. piu intrattabile quella, che piu s'a$$omiglia al $a-
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parents:
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3692 le. il $a$$o a$per$o come di arena, &egrave; a$pro, $e gli u$ciranno come punte nere &egrave; indomabile. l'a$per-
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parents:
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3693 $o di goccie cantonate, &egrave; piu $odo, che lo a$per$o di ritonde. Quanto meno &egrave; uenato, tanto piu
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3694 &egrave; intiero. piu dura quello, che &egrave; di colore purgato &amp; limpido. migliore &egrave; quello, la cui uena &egrave;
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parents:
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3695 $imile alla pietra. La uena $ottile mo$tra la pietra $piaceuole. la piu torta, &amp; che piu gira, &egrave;
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parents:
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3696 piu au$tera. La nodo$a &egrave; piu acerba. quella pietra piu ageuolmente $i fende, che nel mezo ha
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parents:
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3697 una linea ro$$a come putrida. pro$$ima a quella &egrave; la bianchegna, quella, che pare un giaccio uer-
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parents:
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3698 de &egrave; piu difficile. Il numero delle uene dimo$tra la pietra incon$tante, &amp; che crepa. Le uene
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parents:
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3699 dritte $ono giudicate piggiori. Quella pietra &egrave; piu $oda, le cui $cheggie $ono piu acute, &amp; ter$e.
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parents:
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3700 La pietra, che $pezzata rimane piu li$cia di $uperficie, &egrave; piu atta allo $calpello. l'a$pra quanto
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3701 piu biancheggia, tanto meno ubidi$ce al ferro. La fo$ca quanto piu la Luna $cema, tanto meno
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parents:
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3702 con$ente al ferro. ogni pietra ignobile, tanto &egrave; piu dura, quanto &egrave; piu cauerno$a. Quella, che
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parents:
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3703 non a$ciuga l'acqua, che $e le $pruzza $opra, &egrave; piu cruda. ogni pietra graue &egrave; piu $oda, &amp; piu $i
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parents:
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3704 li$cia, che la leggiera. &amp; la piu leggiera della piu graue &egrave; piu fragile. Quella che perco$$a ri$uo-
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parents:
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3705 na, &egrave; piu den$a della $orda. La $tropicciata, che $a di $olfo, &egrave; piu dura che la $enza odore. Quel
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3706 la, che piu re$i$te allo $calpello, piu dura alle acque, &amp; mali tempi. Ogni pietra di nuouo ca-
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parents:
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3707 uat a, &egrave; piu tenera. &amp; io ne ho uedute in Inghilterra che bi$ogna lauorarle alle caue, perche $e
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3708 $tanno troppo cauate s'indurano di modo, che non $i po$$ono lauorare, $e non $tanno nell'acqua
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parents:
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3709 un'inuernata. $offiando l'O$tro piu facilmente $i lauorano le pietre, che $offiando Borea. quella pie-
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3710 tra, che nell'acqua $i fa piu graue, $i disfa per l'humore. quella, che per lo fuoco $i $gretola, non</I>
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parents:
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3711 <pb n="83">
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parents:
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3712 <I>dura al Sole. &amp; tanto $ia detto della comparatione delle pietre, $i come Leon Batti$ta haraccol-
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parents:
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3713 to. Delle altre co$e pertinenti alle pietre $i dir&agrave; di $otto.</I>
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parents:
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3714 <HEAD><I>Delle maniere di murare, qualita, modi, &amp; luoghi
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3715 di quelle. Cap. VIII.</I></HEAD>
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3716 <p>LE maniere del murare $ono que$te prima quella, che $i fa in modo di rete,
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parents:
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3717 che hora $i u$a da ogn'uno. poi l'antica, la quale $i chiama incerta. Di que-
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parents:
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3718 $te due &egrave; piu gratio$a la reticulata, la quale poi &egrave; facile a fare le fi$$ure, per-
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parents:
diff changeset
3719 che in ogni parte ha i letti, &amp; le commi$$ure slegate: ma la maniera incerta
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diff changeset
3720 $edendo i cementi l'uno $opra l'altro, in modo di imbrici, non bella, come la reticulata,
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parents:
diff changeset
3721 ma $i bene piu ferma rende la muratura: uero &egrave; che l'una, &amp; l'altra maniera deue e$$er
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diff changeset
3722 impa$tata di minuti$sime co$e, accioche i pareti $pe$$o $atiati della materia fatta di cal-
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parents:
diff changeset
3723 ce, &amp; d'arena piu lungamente $i tenghino in$reme; perche e$$endo di molle, &amp; rara uirt&ugrave;
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diff changeset
3724 $uggendo il $ucco dalla materia, di$eccano. ma quando abonder&agrave; la copia della calce, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
3725 dell'arena, il parete, che hauer&agrave; pre$o molto dell'humore, non i$uanir&agrave; co$i pre$to, ma $i
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parents:
diff changeset
3726 tenir&agrave; in$ieme. ma $ubito, che la forza humida per la rarit&agrave; de i cementi $ar&agrave; $ucciata dalla
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parents:
diff changeset
3727 materia, allhora la calce $taccando$i dall'arena $i di$cioglie, &amp; i cementi non $i po$$ono
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parents:
diff changeset
3728 con que$ti attaccare, ma a lungo andare fanno i pareti ruino$i. &amp; que$to $i puo compren
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parents:
diff changeset
3729 dere da alcuni monumenti, che d'intorno a Roma $ono fatti di marmo, ouero di pietre
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parents:
diff changeset
3730 quadrate, &amp; di dentro nel mezo calcati, &amp; empiuti la materia $uanita per la uecchiezza, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
3731 a$ciutta la rarit&agrave; de i cementi, ruinano, &amp; dalla brina di$ciolte le legature delle commi$-
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parents:
diff changeset
3732 $ure $ono di$sipati. Et $e alcuno non uorr&agrave; incorrere in que$to difetto, faccia i pareti di
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parents:
diff changeset
3733 due piedi, la$ciando il mezo concauo lungo i pila$trelli di dentro, &amp; $iano o di $a$$o ro$$o
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parents:
diff changeset
3734 quadrato, ouero di terra cotta, ouero di $elici ordinarij, &amp; con le chiaui di ferro, &amp; piom
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parents:
diff changeset
3735 bo $iano le fronti legate. &amp; co$i non a grumo, &amp; $otto$opra, ma ordinatamente fatta l'o-
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parents:
diff changeset
3736 pera potr&agrave; $enza difetto eternamente durare. perche $edendo tra $e i letti, &amp; le commi$-
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parents:
diff changeset
3737 $ure di quelli, &amp; incatenate non $pigneranno la muratura, n&egrave; la$ciaranno che i pila$trel-
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parents:
diff changeset
3738 li, o $tanti legati in$ieme rouinino. &amp; per&ograve; non $i deue $prezzare la muratura de' Greci.
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parents:
diff changeset
3739 <p><I>Vitru. c'in$egna il modo, &amp; le maniere di porre in$ieme le pietre, commenda la muratura di
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parents:
diff changeset
3740 matt oni, &amp; con belli e$$empi pruoua quanto dice. Prima che io e$pona Vitru. io dir&ograve; delle par-
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parents:
diff changeset
3741 ti della fabrica $opra il fondamento, &amp; quale $ia l'officio di cia$cuna. In ogni fabrica noi haue-
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parents:
diff changeset
3742 mo a con$ider are il ba$$o, la cima, i lati. il ba$$o &egrave; il pauimento, o $uolo. La cima $ono i coper-
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parents:
diff changeset
3743 ti, &amp; i colmi; i lati $ono i pareti, o muri. Del pauimento $i dir&agrave; nel $ettimo libro: de i coperti
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parents:
diff changeset
3744 nel quarto. Hora $i tratta del muro; ilquale &egrave; differente dal fondamento in que$to, che il fonda-
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parents:
diff changeset
3745 mento da i lati della fo<02>a $olamente per e$$er intiero, con$i$te: mail muro, o parete &egrave; compo$to
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parents:
diff changeset
3746 di piu parti. perche ha il poggio, il procinto, la corona, l'o$$a, &amp; i $o$tegni, l'apriture, le labra,
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parents:
diff changeset
3747 il compimento, &amp; le $ue o$$eruationi. noi e$poneremo l'u$o di que$te parti a gui$a de i medici, i qua-
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parents:
diff changeset
3748 li nella con$titutione della loro arte trattano dell'u$o delle parti del corpo humano. Poggio &egrave; quel-
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parents:
diff changeset
3749 la parte, che &egrave; la prima di $otto, che $i leua dal fondamento, che &egrave; alquanto piu gro$$a del muro,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3750 che $i potrebbe $carpa nominare. Procinto, &amp; corona $ono parti del muro una di $opra, l'altra
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parents:
diff changeset
3751 nel mezo. Procinto &egrave; la parte di mezo, &amp; &egrave; quella legatura, che cigne il muro d'intorno come
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3752 cornice, che nelle mura delle citt&agrave; $i potrebbe chiamar cordone, &amp; nelle altre mura, $i dicono
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parents:
diff changeset
3753 fa$cie, &amp; cinte, &amp; regoloni. l'o$$a &amp; i $o$tegni $ono le cantonate, le pila$trate, erte, colonne,
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parents:
diff changeset
3754 &amp; trauature, &amp; tutto quello, che $o$tiene le apriture, o $iano in arco, o dritte; perche l'arco &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
3755 come traue piegato. Traue come colonna trauer$a: &amp; colonna come traue dritto. Le apriture,
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parents:
diff changeset
3756 o labra $ono come le fine$tre, le cannoniere, i merli, le porte, i buchi, &amp; i nicchi che dalla forma</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3757 <foot><I>L</I> 2</foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
3758 <pb n="84">
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parents:
diff changeset
3759 <I>lore $ouo detti latinamente concha. i compimenti trapo$ti $ono tra l'o$$a, &amp; l'apriture, &amp; al-
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parents:
diff changeset
3760 tre parti. Hora $i dir&agrave; quanto $i conuenga a cia$cuna parte. il che accioche commodamente $i
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parents:
diff changeset
3761 faccia, $i dir&agrave; della quantit&agrave;, &amp; qualit&agrave; delle pietre. Sono le pietre ouero di $operficie, anguli,
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parents:
diff changeset
3762 &amp; linee eguali dette, quadrate, ouero uariate; &amp; $ono dette incerte. $ono alcune grandi, che
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parents:
diff changeset
3763 $enza $tromenti, &amp; machine non $i po$$ono maneggiare; altre minute, che con una mano $i leua-
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parents:
diff changeset
3764 no; altre mezane, dette giu$te. Hanno le pietre qualit&agrave; diuer$a; perche alcune $ono uiuaci
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parents:
diff changeset
3765 forti, $ucco$e, come la $elice, &amp; il marmo, nelle quali &egrave; innato il $uono, &amp; la $odezza: altre
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parents:
diff changeset
3766 e$au$te, &amp; leggieri, come &egrave; il Tofo, &amp; le pietre areno$e. I marmi $ono pro$$imi all'honor delle
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parents:
diff changeset
3767 gemme per la bellezza, &amp; gratia loro, &amp; $pecialmente que marmi nobili, che per la uariet&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
3768 di colori, o per la gran bianchezza o finezza, &amp; $plendore, o tra$parenza danno mer auiglia,
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parents:
diff changeset
3769 come il Pario, il Porfido, il Serpentino, l'Alaba$tro, &amp; altri $imiglianti marmi me$chi, o gra-
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parents:
diff changeset
3770 niti. Il $elice ueramente ha molte qualit&agrave;, duro, tenero, tenace, friabile, graue, leggiero, o
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parents:
diff changeset
3771 che in e$$o non puo il fuoco, o $i conuerte in cenere, &amp; &egrave; $quamo$o, $opporta il freddo, &amp; l'ac-
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parents:
diff changeset
3772 que, non ri$plende, per&ograve; non &egrave; marmo: entra per&ograve; inelle fabriche, come anche alcuni $a$$i. Ma
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parents:
diff changeset
3773 la cote come la Dama$china, il Tocco, che proua i metalli, alcune pietre, che nelle Indie $i u$ano
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parents:
diff changeset
3774 per tagliare, $ono per aguzzare i ferri, $i con$umano a poco a poco con $e $te$$e, ma pre$to con-
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parents:
diff changeset
3775 $umano le altre co$e. &amp; la parte che &egrave; riuolta al Sole &egrave; migliore di quella di $otto; perche dal So-
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parents:
diff changeset
3776 le $i fanno perfette. I $a$$i $ono diuer$i per la propriet&agrave;, come la calamita, per la uirt&ugrave;, il Calamo-
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parents:
diff changeset
3777 co, per lo colore, l'Amochri$o per la pittura, l'Alabandico per la forma, il Trochite per la no-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3778 bilt&agrave; di re$i$tere al fuoco, come la Magne$ia all'acqua. la propriet&agrave; della calamita &egrave; nota; tira
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parents:
diff changeset
3779 &amp; $caccia il ferro, dimo$tra le parti del Cielo, &amp; i uenti a i nauiganti, &amp; fa effetti merauiglio$i
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parents:
diff changeset
3780 con incognite cau$e. La $puma della canna detta Calamoco, &egrave; forti$$ima, &amp; calidi$$ima, &amp; con-
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parents:
diff changeset
3781 $uma i corpi in quella $epolti. il Trochite &egrave; $triato o canellato nel piano, &amp; nel mezo del piano
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parents:
diff changeset
3782 ha un punto, dal quale $i parteno tutti i canali, &amp; il piano &egrave; circondato da un lieue timpanuzzo
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parents:
diff changeset
3783 &amp; $i muoue da $e $oprapo$toui l'aceto, l'Amochri$o, cio&egrave; arena d'oro, ha colore d'oro, &egrave; $qua-
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parents:
diff changeset
3784 glio$a: &amp; $e ne fa poluere da $eccar le $eritture l'Alabandico dimo$tra in $e uarie figure. Ma di
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parents:
diff changeset
3785 que$ti $a$$i pochi $ono all'u$o delle fabriche, benche per alcuni adornamenti po$$ono e$$er prez-
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parents:
diff changeset
3786 zati. Io ho detto della quantit&agrave;, &amp; qualit&agrave; delle pietre; hora io dir&ograve; del modo di porle in$ieme,
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parents:
diff changeset
3787 &amp; prima di alcune auuertenze. Ogni pietra deue e$$er intiera, non fango$a, ma bagnata bene,
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3788 &amp; $e e$$er puo, di torrente. le intiere dal $uono $i cono$ceno. le cauate di nuouo $ono piuatte, la
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parents:
diff changeset
3789 pietra altre fiate adoperata non rie$ce, &amp; non $i attacca bene, perche di gia ha beuuto l'humore,
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parents:
diff changeset
3790 altri con minute pietre, &amp; molta calce empieno le fondamenta, altri ui metteno ogni $orte di rot-
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parents:
diff changeset
3791 tame. Egli $i deue imitar la natura, che nel fare i monti tra le piu $ode pietre tramette la piu te-
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parents:
diff changeset
3792 nera materia: co$i $opra grandi, quadrate, &amp; intiere pietre $i getta gran copia di calce $tempera
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parents:
diff changeset
3793 ta. le piu gagliarde parti delle pietre $i pongono, oue &egrave; bi$cgno di maggior fermezza. Se la pie-
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diff changeset
3794 tra &egrave; atta a romper $i non in lato $i ponga, ma $te$a giacendo. la faccia della pietra, che &egrave; taglia-
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diff changeset
3795 ta per trauer$o, &egrave; piu forte, che quella, che &egrave; tagliata per lungo, nel fondar le colonne non &egrave; ne-
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diff changeset
3796 ce$$ario di continuare il fondamento, ma $i fa $otto la colonna, (accioche col pe$o loro non fori-
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diff changeset
3797 no la terra) fare un muretto, &amp; tirare da colonna a colonna un'arco riuer$cio. La pietra $ecca
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diff changeset
3798 &amp; $itibonda uuole $abbia di fiume, la hurnida per natura, quella di caua. non $i adoperi arena
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parents:
diff changeset
3799 di mare nelle opere riuolte all'O$tro. a minute pietre $pe$$a, &amp; $oda calce $i ponga; benche la
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diff changeset
3800 tenace $ia $tata da gli antichi approuata. Gioua di bagnare $pe$$o la muratura. non uogliono quel-
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parents:
diff changeset
3801 le pietre e$$er bagnate, che dentro non $iano humide, &amp; negreggianti e$$endo rotte, o $pezzate.
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parents:
diff changeset
3802 Le gran pietre sdrucciolando per lo liquido meglio $i a$$ettano, &amp; per&ograve; deono andare $opra tenera
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diff changeset
3803 &amp; liquida calce. Hora ci re$ta a dire delle maniere del murare. Tre $ono le maniere del murare l'or
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diff changeset
3804 dinaria, la incerta, la reticulata. Di que$te tratta Vitr. nel pre$ente Capo, &amp; per dichiaratio-
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parents:
diff changeset
3805 ne maggiore, $i e$porranno alcune uoci. Et prima cemento, &egrave; pietra roza, non tagliata, uul-
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parents:
diff changeset
3806 gare $enza determinata forma: ogni giorno per Roma ne uanno i giumenti carichi. Et in terra</I>
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diff changeset
3807 <pb n="85">
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parents:
diff changeset
3808 <I>di lauoro detta Campania, ritiene il nome. Reticulato, &amp; incerto que$ti $ono due modi di po-
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parents:
diff changeset
3809 ner'a $ilo, ouero in$ieme i cor$i delle pietre. il Reticulato &egrave; co$i detto, perche nella muratura di-
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parents:
diff changeset
3810 mo$tra la diui$ione da una pietra all'altra in modo di rete, &amp; que$to non $i puo fare, $e almeno una
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parents:
diff changeset
3811 facciata della pietra non &egrave; quadrata, &amp; polita. bi$ogna anche, che $tiano in modo, che gli angu
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parents:
diff changeset
3812 li $i tocchino, come per la $oprapo$ta figura $i uede. La incerta &egrave; quella, che $i $a di pietre di di-
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parents:
diff changeset
3813 uer$e figure a ca$o po$te. perche quello, che $i dice lauorare a ca$$a, &egrave; quello, che di $otto &egrave; det-
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parents:
diff changeset
3814 to Emplecton. ma hora $i ragiona di quello, che appare di fuori. La correttione dello incerto, ac
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parents:
diff changeset
3815 cioche $ia $icuro, &amp; forte, $i fa come per figura s'&egrave; mostrato di $opra. imperoche egli &egrave; nece$$ario
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parents:
diff changeset
3816 legare ambe le fronti una con l'altra co<*> attrauer$ata muratura, et empire il u<*>no con pietre me$co
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parents:
diff changeset
3817 late con molta calce. Ordinaria muratura &egrave; quella, doue le pietre quadrate, le giu$te, o le grandi $i
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parents:
diff changeset
3818 pongono in$ieme ordinatamente a $quadra, a liuello, &amp; a piombo. il che accenna Vitr. dicendo.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3819 <p>Et per&ograve; non $i deue $prezzare la muratura de Greei, $e bene non l'u$ano polita di molle
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parents:
diff changeset
3820 cemento, pure quando $i parteno dalla p<*>etra quadrata, fanno l'ordinaria di $elice ouero
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parents:
diff changeset
3821 di pietra dura. <I>La quale &egrave; mezana tra la incerta, &amp; quella, che $i fa di pietra quadrata.
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parents:
diff changeset
3822 Ma bi$ogna auuertire, che il poggio, che for$e $tereobata &egrave; detto da Vitr. hauer deue la incro$ta
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parents:
diff changeset
3823 tura di pietra quadrata, grande, &amp; dura: perche que$ta parte di muro ha bi$ogno di piu $odezza,
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parents:
diff changeset
3824 come parte, che ha della natura del fondamento, che $ostenga tutto il carico, &amp; che piu $ia ui-
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parents:
diff changeset
3825 cina all'humidit&agrave; delle acque, o del terreno. il che $i deue o$$eruare $pecialmente in Vinetia, &amp; $i
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parents:
diff changeset
3826 o$$erua anche nelle ca$e ben fatte. Catone dice. Leuerai da terra la fabrica un piede con $oda pie
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parents:
diff changeset
3827 tra, &amp; calce, l'altre parti con crudo mattone potrai formare. Ma in Venetia que$ta parte &egrave; piu
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parents:
diff changeset
3828 leuata, &amp; ha del grande, &amp; ha del $odo, &amp; arriua fin a cinque, &amp; $ei piedi, &amp; $opra ui &egrave; il cor
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parents:
diff changeset
3829 done di forma ritonda, ouero in forma di fa$cia, che $porta in fuori. Fra i procinti s'interpongo-
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parents:
diff changeset
3830 no alcune legature di pietremaggiori, le quali $ono come concatenationi dell'o$$a con l'o$$a, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
3831 delle cro$te, che $ono dalla<*>rte di den<*>ro, con quelle, che $ono di fuori, &amp; per&ograve; quiui lunghe,
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parents:
diff changeset
3832 langhe, &amp; $ode pietre $i richiedeno. Si $ogliono fare anche altri procinti per legare le cantonate
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parents:
diff changeset
3833 &amp; tenere l'opere in$ieme, ma piu rari. Quelli primi deono conuenire a piombo, &amp; a $quadra den
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parents:
diff changeset
3834 tro, &amp; di fuori col muro, &amp; que$ti, che $ono maggiori come c ornici, o gocciolatoi $portare; &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
3835 con gli ordini, &amp; cor$i e$$ere bene legati in modo, che come $oprapo$to pauimento $i ricuo-
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parents:
diff changeset
3836 pra bene la fabrica. Siano le pietre nelle murature una all'altra $opraposte, come s'&egrave; detto, a
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parents:
diff changeset
3837 modo d'imbrici, $i che la commi$$ura di due $oprapo$te, $ia nel mezo della pietra di $otto, &amp; que
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parents:
diff changeset
3838 $to $pecialmente ne i procinti, &amp; nelle legature. Gli antichi nelle opere reticulate tirauano il le
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parents:
diff changeset
3839 gamento di cinque mattoni, o almeno di tre, che ouero tutti, ouero in un'ordine, almeno era di
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parents:
diff changeset
3840 pietre non piu gro$$e, che le altre, ma piu lunghe, &amp; piu larghe. Ma nelle opere ordinarie, per
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parents:
diff changeset
3841 ogni cinque piedi &egrave; $tato a ba$tanza un mattone di due piedi per legatura; per&ograve; fabricando con
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parents:
diff changeset
3842 pietre maggiori piu raro legamento bi$ogna, &amp; &egrave; qua$i a fufficienza la cornice$ola. Laqual deue
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parents:
diff changeset
3843 e$$er fatta con $omma diligenza, &amp; di ferme, &amp; larghe pietre ordinarie, &amp; giu$te, &amp; ne i pare
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parents:
diff changeset
3844 ti di crudi mattoni, la corona deue e$$er di terra cotta, accio $ia dife$a dalla pioggia, &amp; leggie-
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parents:
diff changeset
3845 ra di pe$o. Deue$i auuertire, che il marmo rifiuta la calce, &amp; $i macchia facilmente, la
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parents:
diff changeset
3846 doue gli antichi quanto meno poteuano adoprauano i marmi con la calce. Dell'o$$a, &amp; de $o$te-
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parents:
diff changeset
3847 gni, &amp; delle apriture $i dir&agrave; poi. I compimenti trapo$ti $ono tra l'o$$a, l'apriture, &amp; l'altre
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parents:
diff changeset
3848 parti, ne i quali $ono da con$iderare l'imboccature, i riempimenti, le intonicature tanto di den-
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parents:
diff changeset
3849 tro quanto di fuori, perche $i uede e$$er di$$erenza tra l'o$$a, &amp; i compimenti; perche nell'o$$a $i
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parents:
diff changeset
3850 pongono grandi, $ode, &amp; ordinate pietre, &amp; ne i compimenti, minute, rotte, meno ordinarie,
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parents:
diff changeset
3851 benche con molta calce, &amp; arena. Vero &egrave;, che perfetta $arebbe la muratura, che tutta fu$$e
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parents:
diff changeset
3852 di pietre quadrate, ma e$$endo di troppo $pe$a, bi$ogna tra l'una $corza, &amp; l'altra ponere alcune
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parents:
diff changeset
3853 pietre ordinarie attrauer$ate, nel muro, per unire le $corze. le pietre da riempire non uogliono pa$
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parents:
diff changeset
3854 $are una libra di pe$o, perche le pietre minute fanno miglior pre$a. nelle incro$tature di fuori $i
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parents:
diff changeset
3855 deono porre le pietre migliori, &amp; prouate, come ha detto Vitr. lontane per&ograve; dai cadimenti delle</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3856 <pb n="86">
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parents:
diff changeset
3857 <I>acque, &amp; non deono e$$er pietre di grandezze, &amp; di pe$i di$eguali, ma ri$pondino le de$tre alle
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parents:
diff changeset
3858 $ini$tre, le rimote alle uicine $eguitando gli ordini incominciati. Ma la intonicatura di dentro $ia
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3859 di pietra piu dolce, o $erui$i la regola, che $i dir&agrave; nel $ettimo libro. Il muro fatto di mattoni
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3860 crudi, detto da gli antichi muro lateritto, fa piu $ana la fabrica, ma &egrave; $ottopo$ta a terremoti. de-
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parents:
diff changeset
3861 ue per&ograve; e$$er gro$$o per $o$tenere i palchi. il loto da fabricare $ia $imile al bitume, che po$to nell'ae
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parents:
diff changeset
3862 qua lentamente $i disfaccia, &amp; s'attacchi alle mani, &amp; a$ciutto bene s'amma$$i: ma dell'opera di
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parents:
diff changeset
3863 loto $i dir&agrave; nel $ettimo libro. La nuda pietra deue e$$er quadra, $oda, grande, dura $enza $c<*>lie tra-
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parents:
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3864 po$te. Sia po$ta in opera con arpe$i, &amp; chiodi, gli arpe$i fanno stare le pietre al pari, i chiodi le
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parents:
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3865 gano il di$opra, con quello di $otto. Se gli arpe$i, &amp; chiodi. $ono d'ottone, non irrugini$ceno,
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parents:
diff changeset
3866 ferman$i con piombo $colato. que di legno per la forma loro $ono fatti a coda di rondine, il ferro
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parents:
diff changeset
3867 con biacca, o ge$$o $i $erua dalla ruggine, bi$ogna per&ograve; bene guardare, che le acque non toccbi-
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parents:
diff changeset
3868 no gli arpe$i. Ma tornamo alla muratura, &amp; a que muri, che $ono fatti di rottami, ponerai ta-
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parents:
diff changeset
3869 uole, o craticci dalle $ponde per $o$tegno, fin che $i a$ciughino. Et qui $i &egrave; trouato il modo di get
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parents:
diff changeset
3870 tar le colonne nelle forme di legno, per $cemare la $pe$a. Et $i riempie la forma d'ogni $orte di rot-
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parents:
diff changeset
3871 tame con molta calce. Altri ui la$ciano nel mezo l'anima di rouere, o di mattoni per $icurt&agrave;,
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parents:
diff changeset
3872 altri fanno la pa$ta con minute pietre, &amp; la$ciano a$ciugarla bene, &amp; a$ciutta leuano la forma,
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parents:
diff changeset
3873 danno poi la incro$tatura, &amp; la intonicatura alla colonna &amp; la figneno di marmo, o di me$chio,
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parents:
diff changeset
3874 o granito come uogliono. Egli $i deue $chiuare piu, che $i puo la pietra di forma ritonda. Seguo,
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parents:
diff changeset
3875 che la calce &egrave; a$ciutta, quando ella manda fuori una lanugine, &amp; uno certo fiorume ben cono-
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parents:
diff changeset
3876 $ciuto da muratori. Ce$$ando dall'opera coprirai il muro con paglia, o altro, accioche non i$ua-
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parents:
diff changeset
3877 ni$ca prima, che habbia fatto la pre$a: Et quando poi $i ripiglia il lauoro, non ti rincre$ca $atiarlo
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parents:
diff changeset
3878 molto bene di acqua. il muro, che &egrave; molto gro$$o, fa armatura a $e $te$$o. Egli bi$ogna la$ciare
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parents:
diff changeset
3879 luogho commodo per le apriture, facendoui un'arco, ilquale $i otturi fino che uenghi il bi$ogno
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parents:
diff changeset
3880 d'aprirle, perche il pe$o non aggraui troppo la parte uota. Se uuoi ggiugnere al muro dopo
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parents:
diff changeset
3881 alcun tempo, bi$ogna, che ui la$ci i denti $porti in fuori. Gli anguli perche participan di due la-
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parents:
diff changeset
3882 ti, &amp; $ono per tener dritto il muro, deono e$$er fermi<02>imi, &amp; con lunghe, &amp; dure pietre, come
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parents:
diff changeset
3883 con braccia tenuti. Et tanto $ia detto d'intorno alla $oprapo$ta diui$ione. la quale $e $ar&agrave; bene
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parents:
diff changeset
3884 con$iderata, non ha dubbio, che ella non $ia per apportare grangiouamento alle con$iderationi
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parents:
diff changeset
3885 de i $aui, &amp; alle operationi de i mae$tri.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3886 <p>Que$te fabriche de Greci in due modi $i murano. L'uno &egrave; detto eguale, l'altro di-
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parents:
diff changeset
3887 $eguale. Il primo &egrave; quando tutti i cor$i $ono eguali in grandezza. L'altro &egrave; quando
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parents:
diff changeset
3888 gli ordini de i cor$i non $aranno drizzati pari. l'una, &amp; l'altra maniera per que$to &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
3889 ferma, perche prima i cementi $ono di $oda, &amp; ferma natura, n&egrave; po$$ono a$ciugare
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parents:
diff changeset
3890 il liquore della materia, ma li con$eruano nel $uo humore per grandi$simo tempo, &amp; i
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parents:
diff changeset
3891 letti loro piani, &amp; bene liuellati non la$ciano $grottare la materia, ma con la continuata
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parents:
diff changeset
3892 gro$$ezza de i pareti co$i legati durano lunghi$simamente. Euui un'altra maniera di fa-
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parents:
diff changeset
3893 brica, che $i chiama riempita, la quale anche $i u$a da no$tri ru$tici. della quale $ono le
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parents:
diff changeset
3894 fronti $olamente polite, ma le altre parti come nate $ono, po$te in$ieme con la mate-
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parents:
diff changeset
3895 ria, con alterne commi$ure $ono legate: ma i no$tri per sbrigar$ene pre$to, facendoui i
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parents:
diff changeset
3896 cor$i dritti, $erueno alle fronti, &amp; empieno nel mezo $pezzati i cementi $eparatamen-
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parents:
diff changeset
3897 te con la materia, &amp; a que$to modo in quella muratura leuano, &amp; drizzano tre cro$te,
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parents:
diff changeset
3898 due delle fronti, &amp; una nel mezo del riempimento. Ma i Greci non fanno a que$to mo=
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parents:
diff changeset
3899 do, ma ponendoli piani, &amp; ordinando le lunghezze de i cor$i in gro$$ezza con alterne
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parents:
diff changeset
3900 commi$$ure, non empieno il mezo, ma con i loro mattoni, che chiamamo frontati, fan-
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parents:
diff changeset
3901 no continuato il parete, &amp; d'una gro$$ezza ra$$odato, &amp; oltra le altre co$e interpongono
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parents:
diff changeset
3902 quelli dall'una parte &amp; l'altra, che hanno le fronti, che chiamano per que$to diatoni, di
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parents:
diff changeset
3903 perpetua gro$$ezza, i quali grandemente legando confermano la $odezza de i pareti: &amp; pe
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parents:
diff changeset
3904 r&ograve; $e alcuno uorr&agrave; da que$ti commentarij auertire, &amp; ele ggere la $orte di murare, potr&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
3905 <pb n="87">
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parents:
diff changeset
3906 molto bene hauere riguardo alla perperuit&agrave;: percioche quelle Fabriche, lequali $on di
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parents:
diff changeset
3907 molle cemento, &amp; di $ottile a$petto di bellezza, non po$$ono $e non e$$er col tempo rui-
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parents:
diff changeset
3908 no$e: &amp; per&ograve; quando s'eleggono gli arbitri di communi pareti, non $i $tima, per lo prez
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parents:
diff changeset
3909 zo, che $ono $tati fabricati, ma ritrouando per gli in$trumenti i precij delle locationi, le
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parents:
diff changeset
3910 uano d'ogni anno, che pa$$ato $ia la ottante$ima parte: &amp; co$i del re$tante della $omma
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parents:
diff changeset
3911 comandano che egli $i re$titui$ca una parte per que$ti pareti, che $ententiamo, che piu di
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parents:
diff changeset
3912 ottanta anni non po$sino durare. Ma de i pareti fatti di mattoni, pure che $iano fatti a
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parents:
diff changeset
3913 perpendicolo &amp; dritti $tiano, niente $i leua, ma per quanto prezzo $eranno $tati fabrica-
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parents:
diff changeset
3914 ti, per tanto $empre $aranno $timati. &amp; per&ograve; in alcune citt&agrave;, &amp; le opere publiche, &amp; le
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parents:
diff changeset
3915 ca$e priuate, &amp; le reali $i uedeno fabricate di mattoni: &amp; prima in Athene il muro, che
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parents:
diff changeset
3916 guarda uer$o il monte Hymeto, &amp; Petelen$e, &amp; i pareti nel tempio di Gioue, &amp; di Her
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parents:
diff changeset
3917 cole, le celle $ono di mattoni. E$$endo d'intorno al tempio le colonne &amp; gli architraui
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parents:
diff changeset
3918 di pietra. In Italia in Arezzo euui un muro beni$simo fatto, &amp; in Tralli la ca$a fatta da
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parents:
diff changeset
3919 i Re Attalici, che &egrave; data per $tanza a colui, che nella Citt&agrave; tiene il $acerdotio. Et
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parents:
diff changeset
3920 co$i in Lacedemone di alcuni pareti leuate le pitture, che erano in forme, &amp; i telari di le-
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parents:
diff changeset
3921 gno ne i pareti tagliati, rinchiu$i &amp; inca$$ati, furon portate nel comitio per adornamento
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parents:
diff changeset
3922 della edilit&agrave; di Varrone, &amp; di Minerua. la ca$a di Cre$o, la quale i Sardi con$egnarono a
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parents:
diff changeset
3923 i cittadini per ripo$o della uecchiezza al collegio de i uecchi, chiamata Geru$io, era di
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parents:
diff changeset
3924 mattoni. $imilmente la reale in Alicarna$o del potenti$simo Re Mau$olo, in tutto, che
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parents:
diff changeset
3925 habbia di procone$io marmo ornate tutte le co$e, niente di meno i pareti $ono fatti di
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parents:
diff changeset
3926 mattoni. &amp; infino a que$ti tempi hanno una mirabile fermezza, co$i con intonicature, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
3927 cro$te politi, che come uetri riluceno. n&egrave; que$to fu fatto per bi$ogno, che quel Re ha
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parents:
diff changeset
3928 ue$$e, perche era ricchi$simo d'entrate, come quello, che a tutta la Caria dominaua. Ma
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parents:
diff changeset
3929 in que$to modo &egrave; da con$iderare la $olertia $ua, &amp; acutezza nel fabricare: percioche e$-
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parents:
diff changeset
3930 endo egli Mila$io, &amp; hauendo ueduto il luogo di Alicarna$$o munito per natura, &amp; haue-
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parents:
diff changeset
3931 re idoneo bazzaro, &amp; il porto commodo, in quel luogo $i fece la $tanza. Que$to luo-
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parents:
diff changeset
3932 go &egrave; $imile alla curuatura d'un Theatro, &amp; nella parte da ba$$o, appre$$o il porto &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
3933 il Foro, &amp; per mezo la curuatura, &amp; la cinta dell'altezza, ui &egrave; una piazza grandi$sima, nel
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parents:
diff changeset
3934 mezo della quale &egrave; fabricato il Mau$oleo de $i fatta, &amp; nobil opera, che &egrave; numerato tra
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parents:
diff changeset
3935 i $ette $pettacoli del mondo. Nel mezo dell'alta rocca &egrave; il tempio di Marte, che tiene la
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parents:
diff changeset
3936 $tatua del colo$$o, detta Acrolitho, fatta dalla nobil mano di Tilocare. benche altri di-
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parents:
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3937 chino di Timotheo; ma nella $ommit&agrave; del de$tro corno &egrave; il tempio di Venere, &amp; di Mer
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parents:
diff changeset
3938 curio appre$$o la fonte Salmacide, che per fal$a opinione uien detto, che tenga di Vene
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parents:
diff changeset
3939 rea infirmit&agrave; oppre$si quelli, che beono di quella. Ma a me non rincre$cer&agrave; di raccontare
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parents:
diff changeset
3940 da che $ia andata que$ta opinione con fal$o rumore per lo mondo: perche e$$er non puo
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parents:
diff changeset
3941 quello, che $i dice, che gli huomini per quell'acqua diuentino molli, &amp; impudichi, ma la
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parents:
diff changeset
3942 uirt&ugrave; di quella fonte, &egrave; molto chiara, &amp; il $apore egregio. Hauendo adunque Melante,
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parents:
diff changeset
3943 &amp; Areciania d'Argo, &amp; da Troezene in que luoghi c&omacr;dotta una colonia commune $caccior
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parents:
diff changeset
3944 no i Barbari di Caras, &amp; di Lelege: Que$ti $cacciati $i raunorno in$ieme a i monti, &amp; face-
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parents:
diff changeset
3945 uano di molte correrie, &amp; rubbando in quel luogo crudelmente gua$tauano gli habitanti.
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diff changeset
3946 Auenne poi, che uno de gli habitatori per guadagnare per la bont&agrave; delle acque fece appre$
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diff changeset
3947 $o quella fonte un'ho$teria fornita d'ogni co$a. &amp; e$$ercitandola allettaua quei barbari, i
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diff changeset
3948 quali hor l'uno, hor l'altr o uenendoui, &amp; poi molti mettendo$i in$ieme concorrendoui,
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diff changeset
3949 di duro &amp; ferigno co$tume, nella u$anza &amp; $oauit&agrave; de Greci di loro propria uolonta $i ridu
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parents:
diff changeset
3950 ceuano. Quell'acqua adunque non per dishone$ta infirmit&agrave;, ma per la dolcezza della hu
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parents:
diff changeset
3951 manit&agrave; mitigati i feroci petti de i Barbari, acqui$t&ograve; quel nome. Re$ta hora perche io $on
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parents:
diff changeset
3952 uenuto alla dichiaratione delle loro murature, che io le de$criua tutte come $ono: Come
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parents:
diff changeset
3953 adunque nella de$tra parte &egrave; il tempio di Venere, &amp; la fonte predetta, co$i nel $ini$tro cor
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diff changeset
3954 <pb n="88">
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parents:
diff changeset
3955 no, &egrave; il palazzo reale, che Mau$olo per $ua $tanza fece fabricare. perche dalla de$tra $i uede
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parents:
diff changeset
3956 la piazza, &amp; tutta la terminatione del porto, &amp; delle mura, &amp; $otto la $ini$tra &egrave; il porto $e
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parents:
diff changeset
3957 creto $otto a i monti na$co$o in modo, che niuno puo uedere, o $apere quello, che iui $i
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parents:
diff changeset
3958 faccia, accioche il Re dal $uo palazzo a i galeotti, &amp; $oldati, $enza che altri $e ne accorga
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parents:
diff changeset
3959 po$$a quanto bi$ogna comandare. Dapoi la morte di Mau$olo re$t&ograve; Artemi$ia moglie
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parents:
diff changeset
3960 $ua, &amp; $degnando$i i Rodiotti, che una femina $ignoreggia$$e tutte le citt&agrave; della Caria, $i
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parents:
diff changeset
3961 mi$ero all'ordine per occupar quel regno. delche e$lendone aui$ata la Reina, comand&ograve; ella,
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parents:
diff changeset
3962 che in quel porto $te$$e l'armata rinchiu$a all'ordine con marinari a$co$i, &amp; $oldati. Ma il
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parents:
diff changeset
3963 re$to de cittadini compare$$e $opra le mura. Ma hauendo i Rodiotti condotta l'armata
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parents:
diff changeset
3964 loro in ordine nel porto maggiore, la Reina comand&ograve;, che fu$$ero dalle mura $alutati, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
3965 prome$$a loro la citt&agrave;. per ilche quelli abandonate le naui, entrarono dentro: ma la Reina
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parents:
diff changeset
3966 $ubito per la fo$$a fatta tra$$e fuori l'armata dal porto minore nel mare, &amp; entrata nel mag
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parents:
diff changeset
3967 giore sbarcati i galeotti, &amp; i $oldati, tir&ograve; nel mare l'armata uota de i Rodiotti, i quali non
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parents:
diff changeset
3968 hauendo doue ricouerar$i e$$endo tolti di mezo, tutti furono nella piazza tagliati a pezzi.
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parents:
diff changeset
3969 Artemi$ia entrata nelle naui de Rodiotti pre$e la uia di Rodi. per il che uedendo i Rodiot
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parents:
diff changeset
3970 ti le lor naui tornare ingirlandate di frondi, pen$ando che fu$$ero i cittadini loro, riceue-
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parents:
diff changeset
3971 rono i nemici. Allhora la Reina pre$a la citt&agrave;, ucci$i i principali, dentro ui po$e il Tro-
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parents:
diff changeset
3972 feo della $ua uittoria. &amp; fece fare due $tatue di bronzo, una rappre$entau<*>a la citt&agrave; di Ro-
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parents:
diff changeset
3973 di. L'altra la $ua imagine, figurando, che que$ta con affocato ferro $igilla$$e la citt&agrave; di Ro
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parents:
diff changeset
3974 di. Dapoi que$to fatto impediti i Rodiotti dalla religione, perche non era lecito rimuo
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parents:
diff changeset
3975 uere i trofei con$ecrati, fecero uno edificio intorno alle $tatue dette, &amp; quelle coprirono
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parents:
diff changeset
3976 inalzando un luogo per guardia alla u$anza Greca, accioche niuno ui pote$$e andare: &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
3977 comandorono, che que$to $i chiama$$e Auaton, cio&egrave; inacce$sibile. Non hauendo adun-
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parents:
diff changeset
3978 que i Re co$i potenti $prezzato l'opera de mattoni, potendo per le fatte prede, &amp; per le
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parents:
diff changeset
3979 co$e, che erano loro portate d'ogni banda, farle non $olamente di cemento, ouero di
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parents:
diff changeset
3980 quadrata pietra, ma anche di marmo: Io non pen$o, che $ia da bia$imare gli edificij mura
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parents:
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3981 ti di mattoni, pure, che $iano fatti, &amp; drizzati bene. Ma perche non $ia lecito in Roma al
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parents:
diff changeset
3982 populo Romano fabricare in que$to modo, io ne dir&ograve; la ragione. Le leggi publiche non
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parents:
diff changeset
3983 comportano, che le gro$$ezze de i muri ne i luoghi communi $iano maggiori d'un piede
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parents:
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3984 &amp; mezo, ma gli altri pareti, accioche gli $patij non $i face$$ero piu $tretti, $i fanno di quel-
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parents:
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3985 la i$te$$a gro$$ezza. Ma que mattoni crudi $e non $aranno di due, o di tre cor$i de matto-
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parents:
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3986 ni, con la gro$$ezza d'un piede &amp; mezo $olamente; non potranno $o$tenere piu che un pal
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parents:
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3987 co. Ma nella mae$t&agrave; di quella citt&agrave; in tanta frequentia di cittadini bi$ognaua fare innume
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parents:
diff changeset
3988 rabili habitationi. non potendo adunque il piano riceuere ad habitare dentro di Roma tan
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parents:
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3989 ta moltitudine, la occa$ione po$e nece$sit&agrave;, di unire all'altezza de gli edificij. Et per&ograve; con
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parents:
diff changeset
3990 pila$trate di pietra, &amp; con murature di pietra cotta, &amp; con pareti fatti di cemento per com
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parents:
diff changeset
3991 modit&agrave; de i cenaculi, &amp; de i luoghi di doue $i guarda a ba$$o, $ono $tate fatte le altezze, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
3992 con i$pe$$e trauature, &amp; palchi conchiauate. Et per&ograve; il populo Romano $enza impedi=
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parents:
diff changeset
3993 mento ha le $tanze belli$sime, moltiplicati i palchi, &amp; i corritori in grande altezza. Ma
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parents:
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3994 poi, che &egrave; $tato re$o la ragione, perche in Roma per la nece$sit&agrave; de i luoghi $tretti non $i
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parents:
diff changeset
3995 fanno i pareti di mattoni crudi, hora $i dir&agrave; in che modo $i deono fare, accioche durino al
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parents:
diff changeset
3996 la uecchiezza $enza difetti. Po$to $ia nella $ommit&agrave; de i pareti $otto la copritura del tetto
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parents:
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3997 una muratura di terra cotta, di altezza d'un piede, &amp; mezo, &amp; habbia gli $porti delle co-
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parents:
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3998 rone, &amp; i gocciolatoi, &amp; co$i potranno $chifare i danni, o i difetti, che $ogliono hauere
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parents:
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3999 que pareti, perche quando nel tetto $aranno le tegole rotte, o gettate a ba$$o da i uenti, la
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4000 $portatura, &amp; il recinto de mattoni cotti, non la$cier&agrave; offendere il crudo, ma lo $porto de i
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parents:
diff changeset
4001 cornicioni, porter&agrave; le goccie lontane, &amp; in quel modo $erueranno intiere le murature
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parents:
diff changeset
4002 de mattoni crudi. Ma della muratura di pietre cotte $e $ar&agrave; buona o n&ograve;, non $i puo giu-
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4003 <pb n="89">
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parents:
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4004 dicare in poco $patio di tempo: perche $e ella &agrave; ferma nelle tempe$te, &amp; $trauenti, &amp; nel-
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parents:
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4005 la State, allhora &egrave; prouata: perche quella, che non $ar&agrave; di buona creta, o che $ar&agrave; mal cotta,
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parents:
diff changeset
4006 $ubito che $ar&agrave; toccata dal giaccio, o dalle brine, iui $i mo$trer&agrave; difetto$a. Quella adun
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parents:
diff changeset
4007 que che ne i tetti non puo $opportar la fatica, meno $ar&agrave; buona nella muratura a $o$te-
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parents:
diff changeset
4008 ner i pe$i: per il che i pareti coperti di uecchie tegole $pecialmente potranno hauere fer
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parents:
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4009 mezza. Ma io non uorrei, che mai in tempo alcuno fu$$ero $tati riti ouati i craticci: per
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parents:
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4010 che quanto giouano alla pre$tezza, &amp; tengono manco luogo, tanto lono di commu-
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parents:
diff changeset
4011 ne, &amp; maggior calamit&agrave;, perche $ono come fa$ci preparati a gli incendij: &amp; per&ograve; pare
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parents:
diff changeset
4012 che $ia migliore la $pe$a delle pietre cotte nella $ontuo$it&agrave;, che lo $paragno del tempo de
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parents:
diff changeset
4013 i craticci nel pericolo, &amp; quelli anche, che $ono po$ti nelle incro$tature fanno delle fi$$u
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parents:
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4014 re in quelle, per la di$po$itione de i dritti, &amp; trauer$i. perche quando $e gli d&agrave; la incro-
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parents:
diff changeset
4015 $tatura, riceuendo l'humore $i gon$iano, &amp; poi $eccando$i, $i ri$trigneno. &amp; co$i a$$oti-
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parents:
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4016 gliati, rompeno la fermezza delle cro$te. Ma perche alcuni $ono con$tretti di co$i fare, o
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parents:
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4017 per la pre$tezza, o per bi$ogno, o per $eparare un luogo dall'altro, co$i bi$ogner&agrave; fare.
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parents:
diff changeset
4018 Fatto ui $ia il $uolo di $otto alto, accioche o dal terrazzo, o dal pauimento non $ia tocca-
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parents:
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4019 to, perche e$$endo iui $ommer$o col tempo ammarci$ce, dapoi dando in $e, piega, &amp; rom
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parents:
diff changeset
4020 pe la bellezza delle incro$tature. Io fin qui come ho potuto, ho detto de i pareti, &amp; del
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parents:
diff changeset
4021 lo apparecchio della materia loro di$tintamente, di che bont&agrave; $iano, &amp; che difetti hab-
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parents:
diff changeset
4022 biano. Re$ta, che io e$pona chiaramente quanto appartiene alle trauature, &amp; palchi, &amp;
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diff changeset
4023 con che ragioni $i acconci la materia da farli, &amp; come $iano di buona durata, come ci mo
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diff changeset
4024 $tra la natura delle co$e.
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diff changeset
4025 <p><I>Io ho uoluto porre tutta la interpretatione del pre$ente Capo, s&igrave; perche &egrave; facile &amp; di piana
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4026 intelligenza, s&igrave; perche mi $on forzato nel $oprapo$to di$cor$o mettere in$ieme tutta la materia pro
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diff changeset
4027 po$ta. dal che ogni $tudio$o puo da $e $te$$o con$iderare tutto quello, che Vitruuio ha uoluto fare
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diff changeset
4028 in que$ta parte. Et ueder&agrave; la $ua intentione e$$ere $tata di ragionare della fabrica de i muri,
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diff changeset
4029 &amp; pareti, come egli dice nel fine del $oprapo$to Capo, hauere diui$o que$to ragionamen-
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diff changeset
4030 to in piu parti: &amp; nella prima hauer detto le maniere del murare, &amp; hauer re$o le ragioni de i
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diff changeset
4031 difetti, &amp; della bont&agrave; di quelle, qua$i compar andole in$ieme. Nella $econda hauere ragio-
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4032 nato della muratura de i Greci, di tre maniere di quella, &amp; hauere comparato il modo Greco,
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4033 col modo Latino di murare. nella terza hauere lodato il fabricar di mattoni, dimo$trato il
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diff changeset
4034 uero modo, &amp; con bella, &amp; i$torica commendatione hauere commendato le fabriche di Mau-
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diff changeset
4035 $olo Re di Caria, &amp; propo$toci molti e$$empi di quelle, &amp; finita la $ua ornata digre$$ione,
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4036 accompagnata dalle leggi del populo Romano, nel qual ca$o, s'&egrave; dimo$trato non ignorante delle
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diff changeset
4037 leggi ciuili, &amp; nell'ultima e$$ere ritornato ad in$egnarci, quanto era nece$$ario a uarie $orti s&igrave;
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4038 di pareti, come di craticci, de i quali ne ragiona anche nel terzo Capo del $ettimo libro: con-
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diff changeset
4039 chiudendo finalmente quanto ha uoluto fare, &amp; quanto intende di uoler fare nel $eguente Ca-
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diff changeset
4040 po. I uocaboli del te$to per la interpretatione, &amp; altroue per la e$po$ition nostra $ono chiari.
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4041 leggi Plinio per tutto il trente$imo, $e$to libro, che trouerai molte co$e al propo$ito no$tro, &amp;
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diff changeset
4042 le figure delle murature $ono po$te di$opra, &amp; $egnate con i loro nomi. doue non ui accade altro
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diff changeset
4043 rincontro. Hora $eguita Vitruuio &amp; parla della ragione de i legnami.</I>
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4044 <HEAD><I>Del tagliare i legnami. Cap. IX.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
4045 <p>LA materia $i deue tagliare il principio dello autunno, che $ar&agrave; fin a quel tem-
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diff changeset
4046 po auanti, che Fauonio cominci a $pirare: perche da prima uera gli alberi $o-
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4047 no pregni, &amp; tutti mandano la uirt&ugrave; della loro propriet&agrave; nelle frondi, &amp; ne i
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diff changeset
4048 frutti, che fanno ogni anno. Quando adunque per la nece$sit&agrave; de i tempi $a-
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parents:
diff changeset
4049 <foot><I>M</I></foot>
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diff changeset
4050 <pb n="90">
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diff changeset
4051 ranno uoti, &amp; humidi, $ogliono diuentar rari, &amp; deboli per la rarit&agrave;, come $ono i corpi
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diff changeset
4052 feminili, quando hanno concetto, &amp; dalla concettione fino al parto, non $ono $timati $a
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diff changeset
4053 ni. Ne gli animali da uendere, quando $ono pregni, $i danno per $ani. percioche cre$cen
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diff changeset
4054 do nel corpo, quello, che prima u'&egrave; $tato $eminato, egli tira a $e il nutrimento da tutta la
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parents:
diff changeset
4055 uirt&ugrave; del cibo; &amp; quanto pi&ugrave; il parto $i fa fermo al maturir$i, tanto meno la$cia e$$er $oda
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parents:
diff changeset
4056 quella co$a, di che $i genera, &amp; per&ograve; $ubito, che il parto &egrave; mandato fuori, quello, che per
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parents:
diff changeset
4057 altra maniera di aumento, era detratto; quando &egrave; libero per la $eparatione fatta dal na$ci-
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parents:
diff changeset
4058 mento della co$a, riceue in $e nelle uote, &amp; aperte uene, &amp; $uggendo il $ucco $i fa piu fer-
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parents:
diff changeset
4059 mo, &amp; ritorna nella pri$tina fermezza della natura $ua. Per la i$te$$a ragione, al tempo
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parents:
diff changeset
4060 dell'Autunno, per la maturit&agrave; de i frutti infiacchite le frondi, tirando le radici de gli albe
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parents:
diff changeset
4061 ri a $e il $ucco della<*>terra, $i ricourano, &amp; $ono re$tituiti nella prima lor fermezza: Ma la
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parents:
diff changeset
4062 forza del uerno comprime, &amp; ra$$oda quelle per quel tempo, che detto hauemo. Et per&ograve;
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diff changeset
4063 $e con quella ragione, &amp; a quel tempo, che detto ho di $opra $i taglieranno gli alberi, $ar&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
4064 utile, &amp; opportuna co$a. Ma co$i bi$o gna tagliarli, che $i uadi fin'a mezo la midolla, &amp;
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diff changeset
4065 la$ciato $ia il taglio, fino, che $tillando per e$$o $i $ecchi l'humore. per il che quello inuti-
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diff changeset
4066 le liquore, che in e$si $i truoua u$cendo per lo $uo tuorlo, non la$cier&agrave; in quelli morire la
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parents:
diff changeset
4067 putredine, n&egrave; gua$tar$i la qualit&agrave; della materia: ma quando poi l'albero $ar&agrave; $eccato, n&egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
4068 $tiller&agrave; piu, bi$ogner&agrave; gettarlo a terra. Et a que$to modo $i truouer&agrave; perfetto all'u$o. Et
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parents:
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4069 che que$to $ia uero, egli $i puo cono$cer anche da gli arbu$ti. percioche quando cia$cuno
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parents:
diff changeset
4070 al tempo $uo forati fin al fondo $ono ca$trati mandano fuori dalle midolle il uitio$o, &amp; $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
4071 prabundante humore, &amp; tri$to liquor&egrave;, &amp; co$i di$eccando$i riceueno in $e la lunghezza di
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parents:
diff changeset
4072 durare. Ma quelli humori, che non hanno le u$cite da gli alberi, re$tandoui dentro $i pu
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parents:
diff changeset
4073 trefanno, &amp; rendeno quelli uani, &amp; difetto$i. Se adunque quegli, che $tanno in piedi,
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parents:
diff changeset
4074 &amp; uiueno, $eccando$i, non inuecchiano, certamente quando gli i$te$si per farne legname
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parents:
diff changeset
4075 a terra $i mandano, quando $aranno a quel modo gouernati potranno ne gli edificij lun-
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parents:
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4076 gamente, &amp; con utilit&agrave; durare. Que$ti alberi hanno tra $e contrarie, &amp; $eparate uirt&ugrave;. il
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parents:
diff changeset
4077 Rouere, l'olmo, il Poppio, il Cipre$$o, l'Abete, &amp; gli altri idonei a gli edificij. percio-
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parents:
diff changeset
4078 che non puo il Rouere quello, che puo l'Abete, n&egrave; il Cipre$$o, quello, che puo l'Olmo.
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parents:
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4079 n&egrave; gli altri alberi hanno quella $imiglianza mede$ima di natura fra loro: Ma cia$cuna $pe-
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parents:
diff changeset
4080 cie di quelli con le di$po$itioni, &amp; propriet&agrave; de principij comparati con altri, altre $orti di
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parents:
diff changeset
4081 effetti pre$tano nelle opere. Et per&ograve; l'Abete, hauendo molto dello aere, &amp; del fuoco,
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parents:
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4082 ma meno dell'humido, &amp; del terreno, come compo$to di piu lieui forze di natura, non &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
4083 pondero$o: Et per&ograve; contento del $uo rigor naturale, non co$i pre$to per lo pe$o $i piega,
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parents:
diff changeset
4084 ma $empre dritto rimane nelle trauature: ma perche ha in $e piu di calore produce, &amp; no-
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parents:
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4085 tri$ce il tarlo, &amp; da quello &egrave; gua$to, &amp; per que$to anche pre$to $i accende, perche la rari-
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parents:
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4086 t&agrave; dello aere, che &egrave; in quel corpo aperto riceue il fuoco, &amp; co$i ne manda fuori la fiamma
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parents:
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4087 grande. Et quella parte di e$$o, che &egrave; uicina alla terra, prima che $ia tagliata riceuendo
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parents:
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4088 dalla uicinanza l'humore, per le radici $enza nodo, &amp; humida $i rende. ma quella, che &egrave;
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parents:
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4089 di $opra uer$o la cima, per la uehemenza del calore mandando in aere i rami $uoi tagliata,
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parents:
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4090 che $ia alta da terra da uinti piedi, &amp; polita, per la durezza de i no di $uoi &egrave; chiamata fu$ter-
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parents:
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4091 na. ma la parte inferiore quando tagliata &egrave; partita per quattro tagli doue $corra l'humore
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parents:
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4092 trattone il tuorlo $i apparecchia per le opere di legname, &amp; $i chiama Sappinea. Per lo
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4093 contrario la Rouere abondando di terra, &amp; hauendo poco di aere, di humore, &amp; di fuo-
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4094 co, quando &egrave; coperta di terra nelle opere terrene, ritiene un'infinita eternit&agrave;. perche quan
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parents:
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4095 do &egrave; toccata dall'humore non hauendo rarit&agrave; per li fori non puo admetter nel corpo $uo
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parents:
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4096 l'humore, ma fuggendo da quello, re$i$te &amp; $i torce, &amp; fa le $i$$ure in quelle opere, nel
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parents:
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4097 le quali $i truoua. Ma lo E$colo per e$$ere in tutti i $uoi principij temperato &egrave; molto uti-
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parents:
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4098 le nelle fabriche, ma po$to in acqua riceuendo per li fori $uoi l'humore, $cacciato l'aere, &amp;
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4099 <pb n="91">
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diff changeset
4100 il fuoco per la operatione dell'humida forza $i $uol gua$tare. Il Cerro, il $ouero, il faggio,
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diff changeset
4101 perche parimente hanno la me$colanza dell humore, del fuoco, &amp; del terreno, &amp; molto
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diff changeset
4102 dello aere, pa$$and oui per entro l'humore per le rarit&agrave;, che hanno, pre$to marci$cono. Il
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parents:
diff changeset
4103 poppio bianco, &amp; il nero, la Salce, &amp; la Tiglia, &amp; il Vitice, $atiate di aere, &amp; di fuoco, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
4104 temperate di humore, hauendo poco del terreno, di tempra leggieri compo$te, hanno nel
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parents:
diff changeset
4105 l'u$o loro una mirabile rigidezza. Non e$$endo adunque dure per la me$colanza della ter-
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parents:
diff changeset
4106 ra, $ono bianche per la loro rarit&agrave;, &amp; ci pre$tano nelle intagliature una mirabile trattabilit&agrave;.
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parents:
diff changeset
4107 l'Alno, che na$ce uicino alle riue de i fiumi, &amp; non pare, che ci rechi molta utilit&agrave;, tiene
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parents:
diff changeset
4108 in $e belli$sime ragioni, perche &egrave; molto temprato di aere, &amp; di fuoco, n&egrave; ha molto del ter
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parents:
diff changeset
4109 reno, &amp; poco dell'humore, &amp; per&ograve;, perche non ha tropo d'humore nel corpo, po$to fra
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parents:
diff changeset
4110 luoghi palu$tri fra gli fondamenti de gli edificij con $pe$$e palificate riceuendo in $e quel li
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parents:
diff changeset
4111 quore, del quale per $ua natura &egrave; bi$ogneuole, dura eternamente, &amp; $o$tenta grandi$si-
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parents:
diff changeset
4112 mi pe$i, &amp; $i con$erua $enza difetto, &amp; co$i quello, che non puo per molto $pacio $opra ter
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diff changeset
4113 ra durare, po$to in acqua, eternamente $i con$erua. Et que$to $i puo con$iderare a Ra-
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parents:
diff changeset
4114 uenna, doue tutte l'opere publiche, &amp; priuate $otto le fondamenta hanno le pali$icate di
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diff changeset
4115 que$to legno. l'Olmo, &amp; il Fra$sino hanno grandi$simi humori, &amp; pochi$sima parte del-
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parents:
diff changeset
4116 l'aere, &amp; del fuoco, ma della terra temperatamente, $i piegano po$te in lauoro, &amp; per
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parents:
diff changeset
4117 l'abondanza dell'humore $otto il pe$o non hanno durezza, ma pre$to $i torceno, &amp; $ubi-
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parents:
diff changeset
4118 to, che per uecchiezza $ono aridi diuenuti, o nel campo inuecchiti, quell'humore, che
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parents:
diff changeset
4119 in quelli mentre $tauano abondaua, $e ne manca, &amp; $i fanno piu duri, &amp; nelle commi$$u
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parents:
diff changeset
4120 re, &amp; ne gli inca$tri, per la loro lentezza riceueno ferme incatenature. Similmente il Car
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parents:
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4121 peno perche &egrave; di minima mi$tura di fuoco, &amp; di terreno, ma tiene grandemente dello aere
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parents:
diff changeset
4122 &amp; dell'acqua, non &egrave; fragile, ma $i puo riuolgere per ogni uer$o con grande utilit&agrave;. Et pe
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parents:
diff changeset
4123 r&ograve; i Greci, che di quella materia fanno i gioghi de i buoi, perche Zygia chiamano i gio-
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parents:
diff changeset
4124 ghi, $ogliono chiamare quella materia Zygia. n&egrave; meno &egrave; marauiglio$a la natura del Ci-
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parents:
diff changeset
4125 pre$$o, &amp; del Pino. perche hauendo que$t'alberi abondanza di humore, &amp; hauendo egua-
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parents:
diff changeset
4126 le mi$tura de gli altri principij per la $atiet&agrave; dell'humore $i $paccano. ma alla uecchiezza
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parents:
diff changeset
4127 $enza difetto $i con$eruano. perche il liquore, che &egrave; dentro a que corpi, &egrave; di amaro gu$to,
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parents:
diff changeset
4128 che per l'agrezza non la$cia penetrare il tarlo, ouero altri nociui animaletti. Et per&ograve; le
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parents:
diff changeset
4129 opere fatte di que$te $orti d'alberi durano $empre, &amp; co$i il Cedro, &amp; il Ginepro hanno
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parents:
diff changeset
4130 le i$te$$e uirt&ugrave;. &amp; $i come dal Cipre$$o, &amp; dal Pino, uiene la re$ina, che noi Ra$a chiama-
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parents:
diff changeset
4131 mo, co$i dal Cedro uiene l'oglio detto Cedrino. del quale quando $ono onte le altre co$e
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parents:
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4132 come anche i libri, non $enteno tarli, n&egrave; tarme. Gli alberi di quelli $ono $imili alla foglia-
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parents:
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4133 tura del Cipre$$o, &amp; di quella materia la uena, &amp; dritta. Nel tempio di Efe$o ui &egrave; il $imu-
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parents:
diff changeset
4134 lacro di Diana, &amp; anche la trauatura di Cedro; n&egrave; iui $olamente, ma ne gli altri luoghi $a-
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parents:
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4135 cri nobili, $ono le opere di quella materia, per la $ua eternit&agrave;. Na$ceno que$ti alberi ma$
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parents:
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4136 $imamente in Candia, in Africa, &amp; in alcune parti della Soria. Ma il Larice, che non &egrave; co
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parents:
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4137 no$ciuto, $e non da gli habitanti d'intorno la riua del p&ograve;, &amp; i liti del mare Adriano, non
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parents:
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4138 $olamente per la grande amarezza del $ugo dal tarlo, &amp; dalli caroli non &egrave; offe$o, ma ancho
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parents:
diff changeset
4139 ra non riceue la $iamma dal fuoco, n&egrave; e$$o da $e non puo ardere, $enon come il $a$$o nella
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parents:
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4140 fornace, a cuocer la calce, con altri legni $ar&agrave; abbruciato. n&egrave; allhora per&ograve; riceue fiam-
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parents:
diff changeset
4141 ma, o fa carbone, ma per lungo $patio a pena $i con$uma. perche tra i principij, de i quali,
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parents:
diff changeset
4142 &egrave; compo$to, ha pochi$sima tempra di fuoco, &amp; di acre, ma la materia $ua di humore, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
4143 di terra i$pe$sita, &amp; ra$$odata, &amp; non ha<*>&uacute;endo poro$it&agrave;, per la quale il fuoco ui po$$a en-
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parents:
diff changeset
4144 trare $caccia la forza di quello, n&egrave; $i la$cia co$i pre$to da quello offendere. Que$ta per lo
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parents:
diff changeset
4145 pe$o $uo, non &egrave; $o$tenuta nell acqua, ma quando &egrave; condotta, $i pone o nelle barche, o $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
4146 pra le Zatte di abete. Ma l'occa$ione porta, che $i $appia come que$ta materia &egrave; $tata ritro
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parents:
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4147 uata, Diuo Ce$are hauendo lo e$$ercito cerca le alpi, &amp; hauendo comandato a gli habitato
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parents:
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4148 <foot><I>M</I> 2</foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
4149 <pb n="92">
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parents:
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4150 ri di quelle ca$tella &amp; terre, che gli de$$ero uettouaglie, &amp; e$$endo iui un forte ca$tello det
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parents:
diff changeset
4151 to Laregno, quel li che dentro erano confidando$i nella fortezza naturale del luogo, non
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parents:
diff changeset
4152 uolleno ubidire; per il che l'Imperatore $i $pin$e auanti con lo e$$ercito. Era dinanzi la por
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parents:
diff changeset
4153 ta una torre fatta di que$ta materia con traui trauer$i alternamente raddoppiati, come una
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parents:
diff changeset
4154 pira in alto compo$ta, in modo, che con pali, &amp; pietre poteua $cacciare chi har e$$e uolu-
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parents:
diff changeset
4155 to auuicinar$i. uedendo$i poi, che quelli non haueuano altre armi, che pali, &amp; che per lo
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parents:
diff changeset
4156 pe$o di quelli non poteuano tirarli troppo lontani, fu comandato, che ui mette$$ero $ot-
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parents:
diff changeset
4157 to le fa$cine, &amp; che $e le de$$e il fuoco, Et co$i pre$to i $oldati ne fecero una gran raunan-
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parents:
diff changeset
4158 za. Dapoi che la fiamma d'intorno a quella materia hebbe appre$e le fa$cine, leuata$i al cie
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parents:
diff changeset
4159 lo fece credere, che tutta quella mole fu$$e caduta a terra. Ma poi, che quella da $e fu
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parents:
diff changeset
4160 e$tinta, &amp; ce$$ata, $i uide la torre non e$$er $tata tocca dal fuoco, ammirando$i Ce$are co-
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parents:
diff changeset
4161 mand&ograve;, che lontani dalli tiri delle $aette circonda$$ero il ca$tello di trincere, per il che i ca
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parents:
diff changeset
4162 $tellani con$tretti dalla paura $i diedero all'Imperatore, il quale poi gli dimand&ograve; di che fu$-
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parents:
diff changeset
4163 $ero quelle legna, che per la fiamma non $i con$umauano. Allhora quelli gli dimo$traro-
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parents:
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4164 no quegli alberi, de i quali iui &egrave; copia grandi$sima, &amp; per que$to quella fortezza, &amp; que-
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parents:
diff changeset
4165 $ta materia fu nominata laregna. Que$ta per lo P&ograve; $i conduce a Rauenna nella colonia di
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parents:
diff changeset
4166 Fano, di Pe$aro, &amp; d'Ancona, &amp; in altri luoghi &amp; terre, che $ono in quella regione. Del
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parents:
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4167 la qual materia $e fu$$e commodit&agrave; di condurne a Roma, $i cauariano grandi$sime utilit&agrave;
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parents:
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4168 ne gli edi<*>icij, &amp; $e non in tutte le co$e, almeno le tauole $otto le grondi d'intorno l'i$ole
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parents:
diff changeset
4169 {<I>cio&egrave; ca$e di priuate per$one</I>} (per e$$er tutte le ca$e $eparate l'una dall'altra) $e fu$$ero po$te
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parents:
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4170 di quella materia $ariano liberate di pericolo del trapa$are de gli incendij, perche que$ti
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casties
parents:
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4171 legni non riceueno, n&egrave; fiamma, n&egrave; carbone, &amp; da $e non ne po$$ono fare. Sono que$ti albe
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
4172 ri di foglie $imiglianti al Pino, la loro materia &egrave; di$te$a, &amp; trattabile per lauori di legnami
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
4173 non meno della Sappinea detta di $opra, tiene liquida ra$a di colore del mele attico, laqua-
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parents:
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4174 le &egrave; di giouamento a i pti$ici. Io ho detto di tutte le $orti di materia, di che propriet&agrave; $ia-
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parents:
diff changeset
4175 no per natura, &amp; ho e$po$to con che ragioni $i generano. $eguita che egli $i auuerti$ca per
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parents:
diff changeset
4176 che cau$a quello Abete, che in Roma $i chiama $opernate, $ia peggiore dello Infernate,
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parents:
diff changeset
4177 il quale utilmente dura per lunghi$simo tempo nelle fabriche. Et di que$te co$e, come
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parents:
diff changeset
4178 pare, che habbiano dalla propriet&agrave; de i luoghi bont&agrave;, o uitio, accioche manife$te $iano, a
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parents:
diff changeset
4179 chi ui uorr&agrave; pen$are, chiaramente e$poner&ograve;.
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
4180 <p><I>Vitruuio ci ha in$egnato quantto appartiene alla materia (che co$i egli $i chiama il legname)
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parents:
diff changeset
4181 il tempo di tagliar gli alberi, la ragione, il modo di tagliarli, la natura, &amp; u$o loro. ha detto
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parents:
diff changeset
4182 dell'Abete, del Larice, &amp; del Cedro co$e degne, di auuertimento, &amp; ha dc$critto alcuni alberi,
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parents:
diff changeset
4183 conchiudendo chiaramente, quanto egli fin hora ha e$po$to, Noi $imilmente poneremo tutta la
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parents:
diff changeset
4184 pre$ente materia $otto un'a$petto, $econdo che letto hauemo ne buoni auttori. Nel legname adun
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parents:
diff changeset
4185 que $i con$idera il tempo, &amp; il modo di tagliarlo, la natura, l'u$o, &amp; la comparatione delle par-
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parents:
diff changeset
4186 ti, &amp; del tutto. Secondo Theofra$to il Rouere, il Pezzo, il Pino $i deono tagliare quando le
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parents:
diff changeset
4187 piante sbroccano. Ma l'Acero, l'Olmo, la Tiglia, &amp; il Fra$$ino dopo la uindemia. Vitru. uuole
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parents:
diff changeset
4188 che $i taglino dal principio dall'Autunno fin auanti, che cominci &agrave; $pirare il uento zefiro: Colu-
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parents:
diff changeset
4189 mella da i uenti fin' a i trenta della Luna, che inuecchia; Vegetio dalla quintadecima fin' alla ui-
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parents:
diff changeset
4190 ge$ima $econda. He$iodo quando cadeno le foglie. Catone il Rouere al Solestitio, &amp; quella ma-
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parents:
diff changeset
4191 teria, che ha del maturo, &amp; del uerde, quando le cade il $eme. L'olmo quando cadeno le foglie.
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parents:
diff changeset
4192 Plinio na$cendo il cane nel far della Luna. &amp; &egrave; o$$eruatiene A$tronomica, percioche per la for-
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parents:
diff changeset
4193 za della Luna egli $i commoue ogni humore. Tirando adunque la Luna l'humore alle radici il re-
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parents:
diff changeset
4194 $tante della materia $ar&agrave; piu puro, &amp; piu purgato. Perche Plinio uuole che s'a$petti la notte,
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parents:
diff changeset
4195 che $uccede al giorno, che fa la Luna, quando e$$a Luna $ar&agrave; $otterra. Tutti questi auttori han-
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parents:
diff changeset
4196 no le loro ragioni; benche la maggior parte conuenga. Non $i deono u$are i legnami $e non pa$-
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parents:
diff changeset
4197 $ati i tre me$i, n&egrave; tirargli per la rugiada, anzi dopo il mezo giorno, cominciando la Luna a $ce-</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
4198 <pb n="93">
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
4199 <I>mare, deon$i tagliare alquanto d'intorno per la$ciare u$cire l'humore: &amp; poi tagliati di tu tto
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parents:
diff changeset
4200 $corzarli: &egrave; $pecialmente quelli, che fanno frutto. n&egrave; $i deono tagliare $e non $atto il frutto. Ri-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
4201 poni gli alberi tagliati doue n&egrave; il gran Sole, n&egrave; i uenti gli diano. alcuni $iano unti di $terco boui-
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parents:
diff changeset
4202 no, accioche $i $ecchino egualmente. La Castagna $i purga nell'acqua del mare, la materia, che
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parents:
diff changeset
4203 $i adopera al torno, $i $ommerge nell'acque, &amp; nel fango per trent a giorni; altri ugneno la ma-
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parents:
diff changeset
4204 teria di morchia per li tarli, &amp; quella, che per l'acqua $i gua$ta, $i $uole impegolare. La mate-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
4205 ria inuecchiata d'allume bagnata non arde. La natura, &amp; u$o de legnami &egrave; que$ta. L'Alno
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
4206 &egrave; buono grandemente alle palificate, ne i paludi, &amp; luoghi $tuuiali, ma all'aere non dura. L'E$cu-
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parents:
diff changeset
4207 lo, che &egrave; una $pecie di Rouere, &egrave; impatiente dell'humore. L'Olmo allo $coperto $i conden$a, ma
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parents:
diff changeset
4208 altroue $i $pacca, &amp; la $ua radice &egrave; belli$$ima fra tutti i legni per la uariet&agrave; de i colori, &amp; per
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parents:
diff changeset
4209 un certo lu$tro. Dapoi la radice dell'Oliuo &egrave; belli$$ima. il Pezzo, &amp; il Pino durano $otterra
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parents:
diff changeset
4210 eternamente. Il Rouere per e$$er $pe$$o, neruo$o, di pochi fori, &egrave; ottimo alle opere terrene, per-
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parents:
diff changeset
4211 che non riceue l'humore, &amp; $o$tenta i pe$i mirabilmente. La Quercia non inuecchia. Il Fag-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
4212 gio, la Iuglande non $i gua$tano per l'acque. Il Souero, il Pina$tro, il Moro, l'Acero, l'Olmo non
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parents:
diff changeset
4213 $ono inutili all'u$o delle colonne. Ma alli ta$$elli, &amp; u$o delle trauature la Noce Euboica, ma
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parents:
diff changeset
4214 $opra'l tutto l'Abete; alquale per&ograve; di leggieri $i attacca il fuoco, nel re$to &egrave; utili$$imo, n&egrave; gli ce-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4215 de il Cipre<02>o. que$ti non $ente uecchiezza, n&egrave; tarli, n&egrave; da $e $i rompe, bene &egrave; uero che pe$a mol-
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parents:
diff changeset
4216 to, &amp; &egrave; buono per far porte. Na$ce &amp; cre$ce dritti$$imo per natura $opra tutti gli altri alberi.
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parents:
diff changeset
4217 Il Pino $i tarla, perche il $uo liquore &egrave; piu dolce che quello dell'Abete. Il Larice &egrave; buono per li
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parents:
diff changeset
4218 pe$i, &amp; per li trauamenti. dura, &amp; &egrave; neruo$o, &amp; non $i tarla, pare che delle fiamme $i $degni;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4219 pure uediamo che egli arde. uero &egrave; che un tronco gro$$o di quello con la $corza molto re$i$te al fuo
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parents:
diff changeset
4220 co. L'Oliuo, il Fico, la Tiglia, il Salice non $ono buoni per le trauamenta. La Palma $i uolge
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4221 contra il pe$o. il Ginepro &egrave; propo$to alle trauature $coperte, a cui $imile (benche piu $odo) &egrave; di
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4222 natura il Cedro, del quale Vinitiani hanno fatto belli$$ime porte alle $ale delle arme. &egrave; legno odo-
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parents:
diff changeset
4223 rati$$imo. Il Cerro, &amp; il Faggio non durano a i lauori di legnami, come $ono letti, men$e, tauole.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4224 L'Abete, il Cipre$$o, il Faggio, &amp; anche il Pezzo, benche $iano fragili, per&ograve; $ono bnoni per
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parents:
diff changeset
4225 ca$$e, letti, &amp; a$$i $ottili. $imili a que$ti &egrave; l'Elice. inutili $ono la Iuglande, l'Olmo, &amp; il Fra$$i-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
4226 no: percioche la Iuglande fatta in tauole facilmente $i rompe, &amp; gli altri alberi cedeno, &amp; pun-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
4227 teggiano. Ma lo Fra$$ino &egrave; ubidienti<02>imo all'opera, &amp; co$i la Noce. benche gli antichi nonne
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parents:
diff changeset
4228 habbiano fatto molta con$ideratione: &egrave; per&ograve; a giorni nostri molto $timata, &amp; adoperata in mol-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
4229 ti, &amp; $ottili$$imi lauori, &amp; di piu $orti. Il Moro &egrave; lodato perche col tempo $i fa piu nero, &amp; du-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4230 ra molto. L'Olmo &egrave; buono a i cardini delle porte: perche $erua il rigore, ma la radice deue e<02>er
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4231 posta di $opra. dello Acquifoglio $i fanno le $tange, &amp; co$i di Lauro, &amp; d'Olmo. i gradi $i fan-
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parents:
diff changeset
4232 no di Orno, &amp; di Lauro: &amp; le chiauette di Corno. per cannoni d'acque coperti fanno bene il Pi-
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parents:
diff changeset
4233 no, &amp; il Pezzo. Larice femina di colore $imile al mele, &egrave; buona per adornar le ca$e, e$$endo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4234 $tato auuertito, che nelle tauole de i pittori &egrave; immortale. &amp; per&ograve; &egrave; buona per le $tatue, perche
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4235 non ha i nerui $te$i per lungo, ma interrotti, uarij, &amp; minuti. V$auano gli antichi il Loto, il
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parents:
diff changeset
4236 Bo$$o, il Cedro, il Cipre$$o, &amp; la radice dell'Oliuo piu $oda, &amp; il Per$ico Egittio per farne le
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parents:
diff changeset
4237 $tatue. ma per fare le tauole da dipignere u$auano gli antichi il bianco, &amp; il nero Poppio. La
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parents:
diff changeset
4238 Salce, il Carpene, il Sorbo, il Sambuco, il Fico. Lodano alcuni la Giuggiola, &amp; per lo torno il
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
4239 Faggio, il Moro, il Terebinto, &amp; $pecialmente il Bo$$o, &amp; l'Ebano. Il Rouero difficilmente
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parents:
diff changeset
4240 <*>accompagna con altri alberi, &amp; rifiuta la colla, come fanno tutti gli alberi lacrimanti, &amp; cre$-
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parents:
diff changeset
4241 <*>, &amp; ogni legno, che $i puo radere. Non $tanno in$ieme gli alberi, che $ono di natura differen-
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parents:
diff changeset
4242 <*>, come l'Edera, il Lauro, la Tiglia per e$$er calidi, con i nati in luoghi bumidi. Similmente
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parents:
diff changeset
4243 non $tanno lungamente in colla l'E$culo, &amp; la Quercia, n&egrave; $i deono accompagnare l'Olmo, il
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parents:
diff changeset
4244 Fra$$ino, il Moro, il Cireggio con il Platano, &amp; l'Alno, perche que$ti $ono di natura humida,
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
4245 quelli di $ecca. Gli alberi $i $ogliono comparare, &amp; quanto al tutto, &amp; quanto alle parti: quan-
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parents:
diff changeset
4246 to al tutto gli infecondi $ono piu fermi de i fruttuo$i: i $eluatichi n&egrave; con mano, n&egrave; con ferro colti</I>
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parents:
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4247 <pb n="94">
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parents:
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4248 <I>piu duri. Gli acuti, &amp; tardiui tra i fruttuo$i piu forti. De i dolci piu cre$ceno gli $terili, chei
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parents:
diff changeset
4249 fertili. Piu nodo$i gli sterili del tutto, o quelli, che a uicenda fruttano, che i feraci. Tra i no-
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diff changeset
4250 do$i i corti $ono piu difficili. Sono piu nodo$i quelli, che nodriti $ono in conualli, &amp; piu corti de i
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diff changeset
4251 montani. Ma i montani piu fer<*>mi, &amp; piu gro$$i. Sono piu molli i na$ciuti in luoghi humidi, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
4252 ombro$i de gli aprichi. I legni di color bianco $ono manco den$i, &amp; piu trattabili. Ogni ma-
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parents:
diff changeset
4253 teria pondero$a della liggiera, &egrave; piu $pe$$a, &amp; piu dura, &amp; quella &egrave; piu fragile. finalmente quel-
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parents:
diff changeset
4254 li, che piu $i con$eruano in uita, durano anche tagliati piu lungamente de gli altri. Hora quan-
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parents:
diff changeset
4255 to alla comparatione delle parti, che quanto meno ui &egrave; di midolla tanto piu ui &egrave; di fortezza: Le
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parents:
diff changeset
4256 parti piu uicine alla midolla $ono piu forti, &amp; le piu uicine alla $corza, $ono piu tenaci, &amp; la
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parents:
diff changeset
4257 peggiore &egrave; l'Alburno. Le piu uicine alla terra $ono piu pondero$e, le di mezo $ono piu cre$pe, le
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parents:
diff changeset
4258 interiori piu commode, le e$po$te al mezo di piu $ecche, &amp; $ottili, &amp; hanno la midolla piu ui-
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parents:
diff changeset
4259 cina al cortice. In fine molte co$e re$tarebbeno a dire, ma que$te uoglio che $iano a bastanza. Il
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parents:
diff changeset
4260 re$to $i troua raccolto con grandi$$ima diligenza da Leon Batti$ta. nel $econdo libro, &amp; di Pli-
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parents:
diff changeset
4261 nio nel $e$to decimo, &amp; in Theofra$to. Ma quello che &egrave; degno in Vitru. di auuertimento, &egrave; la
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parents:
diff changeset
4262 doue egli dice dello Abete, Quadrifluuijs di$paratur: non che Vitr. non habbia bene interpretato.
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parents:
diff changeset
4263 &amp; $imilmente Plinio quando dice, Qu&aelig; habeant quadripartitos uenarum cur$us, bifidos autem
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parents:
diff changeset
4264 omnino $implices. ma perche Theofra$to dice dizous, monozous, tetrazous. Parole tradotte
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parents:
diff changeset
4265 da Theodoro Gaza, Quadriuiuas, biniuiuas, &amp; uniuiuas: come dice Hermolao Barbaro. lequa-
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parents:
diff changeset
4266 li parole, &amp; nel Greco, &amp; nel Latino non danno bene ad'intendere quello, che &egrave; in fatto. dico di
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parents:
diff changeset
4267 Theofra$to, &amp; di Theodoro, $e for$e Theofra$to non uuole dire monorous, &amp; dirous, &amp; tetra-
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parents:
diff changeset
4268 rous; il che non ardirei di porre; perche egli $i uede alcuni Abeti tagliati a trauer$o hauere un
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parents:
diff changeset
4269 cor$o di uene, che uanno per un uer$o, &amp; alcuni hauerne due, che uno caualca l'altro, come $e
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parents:
diff changeset
4270 le dita d'una mano attrauer$a$$ero le dita dell'altra; &amp; alcuni hauerne quattro po$ti in modi di
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parents:
diff changeset
4271 craticula o di rete; come chi pone$$e le dita d'una mano attrauer$ate $opra le dita dell'altra, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
4272 $opra quelle anche altre, fin' a quattr'ordini. Egli $i ha o$$eruato, che lo Abete cre$cendo d'an-
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parents:
diff changeset
4273 no in anno, ne i primi anni accre$ce il numero delle uene, &amp; da un $implice ordine di uene, che di-
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parents:
diff changeset
4274 mo$tra il primo anno ne fa un'altro attrauer$ato $opra quelle il $eguente anno, &amp; co$i moltiplica
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diff changeset
4275 fino al quarto anno: &amp; que$ta credo $ia l'intelligenza de gli allegati auttori.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
4276 <HEAD><I>Dello abete $opernate, &amp; internate con la de$crittione
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parents:
diff changeset
4277 dell'Apennino. Cap. X.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
4278 <p>NASCENO le prime radici del monte Apennino dal mar Tirreno in fino
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parents:
diff changeset
4279 all'Alpi, &amp; all'e$treme parti di To$cana; ma il giogo di quel monte giran
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parents:
diff changeset
4280 do$i, &amp; con meza uolta appre$$and o$i alle riue del mar Adriano, peruiene
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parents:
diff changeset
4281 con i $uoi giri uer$o il mare, la onde la $ua piegatura di qua, che riguarda
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parents:
diff changeset
4282 alle parti di To$cana, &amp; di Campagna, &egrave; molto aprica, &amp; fiorita, perche del conti-
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parents:
diff changeset
4283 nuo prende uigore dal cor$o del Sole. ma la parte di l&agrave;, &amp; che uolta al mar di $opra
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parents:
diff changeset
4284 $ottogiace al Settentrione, &egrave; perpetuamente &amp; fo$ca, &amp; ombro$a. doue gli alberi, che
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parents:
diff changeset
4285 $ono in quella patte e$$endo nodriti di uirtu humida, non $olo cre$cono in i$mi$urata
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parents:
diff changeset
4286 grandezza: ma anche le lor uene pregnanti di grande humidit&agrave; tumide, &amp; gonfie $i $atiano
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parents:
diff changeset
4287 dell'abondanza del liquore: ma poi quando tagliate, &amp; i$pianate hanno perduto il uigo
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parents:
diff changeset
4288 re naturale cangiando col $eccar$i il rigore delle uene diuentano per la loro rarit&agrave; uote
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parents:
diff changeset
4289 &amp; i$uanite: &amp; per que$ta ragione non hanno ne gli edificij da durare. Ma quelli che in
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parents:
diff changeset
4290 luoghi e$po$ti al Sole $ono generati, non hauendo al cuna rarit&agrave; tra le uene loro a$ciut
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parents:
diff changeset
4291 te dal $ecco $i fanno piu ferme, perche il Sole non $olamente dalla terra a$ciugando,
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parents:
diff changeset
4292 ma anche da gli alberi caua l'humore. &amp; per&ograve; quegli, che $ono in parte e$po$ta al Sole
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parents:
diff changeset
4293 <pb n="95">
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parents:
diff changeset
4294 a$$odati per la den$it&agrave; delle uene, non hauendo rarit&agrave; alcuna dall'humore, poi che $i met-
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parents:
diff changeset
4295 teno in opera, piani, &amp; politi durano con molte utilit&agrave; alla uecchiezza. &amp; per&ograve; quelli,
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parents:
diff changeset
4296 che $ono dalla parte inferiore dell'Apennino, perche $ono portati da luoghi aprichi, $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
4297 no migliori di quelli, che na$ceno nella parte $uperiore, &amp; uengono da luoghi opachi.
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parents:
diff changeset
4298 Io ho e$po$to quanto ho potuto con l'animo con$iderare le copie nece$$arie al fabri-
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parents:
diff changeset
4299 care, di che tempre $iano per la me$colanza de i loro principij, &amp; quali perfettioni, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
4300 difetti habbiano, accioche manife$te $iano a chi intende di fabricare. &amp; per&ograve; quelli, i
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parents:
diff changeset
4301 quali potranno $eguitare le leggi di que$ti precetti, $arano piu auertiti, &amp; potranno far
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parents:
diff changeset
4302 elettione nelle opere dell'u$o di cia$cuna $pecie. E$$endo$i adunque detto delle prepara-
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parents:
diff changeset
4303 tioni della materia. Re$ta che ne gli altri uolumi io dica de gli edificij, &amp; prima de i $a
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parents:
diff changeset
4304 cri Tempij de i Dei immortali, &amp; delle loro mi$ure, &amp; proportioni, come conuiene
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parents:
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4305 all'ordine propo$to.
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parents:
diff changeset
4306 <p><I>Ha uoluto Vitruuio nel decimo, &amp; ultimo capo di questo $econdo libro porre la differenza
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parents:
diff changeset
4307 de gli alberi, che na$ceno dalla parte del Sole, che aprica $i chiama, da quelli che ne i
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parents:
diff changeset
4308 luoghi ombro$i riguardano al Settentrione. &egrave; facil co$a, &amp; confermata da Palladio nell'unde-
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parents:
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4309 cimo libro al quinto decimo Capo, &amp; da Plinio nel $e$todecimo libro, al trente$imonono Capo.
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parents:
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4310 Et qui $ia fine del $econdo libro.</I>
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4311 <HEAD>IL TERZO LIBRO</HEAD>
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parents:
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4312 <HEAD>DELL'ARCHITETTVRA DI
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4313 M. VITRVVIO.</HEAD>
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4314 <p>IL Delfico Apollo nelle ripo$te date a Pithia afferm&ograve; Socrate e$$er di tut-
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parents:
diff changeset
4315 ti gli huomini $apienti$simo. Que$ti ($i dice) che con prudenza &amp; dot-
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parents:
diff changeset
4316 ti$simamente dice$$e, che bi$ognaua, che i petti de gli huomini fu$$ero
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4317 come fine$tre, &amp; aperti, affine, che haue$$ero i $en$i non occulti, ma pa
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parents:
diff changeset
4318 le$i da e$$er con$iderati. Vole$$e Iddio, che la natura $eguitando la o-
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parents:
diff changeset
4319 pinione di Socrate fatto haue$$e i petti apparenti, &amp; chiari: perche $e co
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4320 $i fu$$e $tato non $olamente le uirtu &amp; i uitij de gli animi $i uederiano: ma anche le $cien-
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4321 ze delle di$cipline a gli occhi $ottopo$te con certo giudicio s'approueriano, &amp; a gli eru-
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parents:
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4322 diti, &amp; intendenti huomini grande, &amp; $tabile riputatione s'accre$cerebbe, &amp; per&ograve;, perche
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4323 la natura non a modo d'altri, ma al $uo co$i fare ha uoluto, non puo e$$ere, che gli huomi
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parents:
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4324 ni con gli ingegni $otto i petti o$curati habbiano potuto giudicare come $ono le $cienze
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parents:
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4325 de gli artificij del tutto a$co$e, &amp; gli artefici anchora che promettino la loro prudenza, $e
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parents:
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4326 non $aranno dinaro$i, ouero $e non $aranno $tati cono$ciuti per la uecchiezza delle loro
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parents:
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4327 officine, o non haueranno hauuto gratia, &amp; eloquenza da piazza, non po$$ono per la in-
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parents:
diff changeset
4328 du$tria de gli $tudi loro hauere tanto di credito, che creduto lor $ia quello, di che fanno
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diff changeset
4329 profe$sione. &amp; que$to $i pu&ograve; $pecialmente cono$cere da gli antichi $tatuari, &amp; pittori,
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diff changeset
4330 che di quelli, coloro che hanno hauuto i $egni di dignit&agrave;, &amp; la gratia di e$$er commenda
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diff changeset
4331 ti, con eterna memoria $i mantengono alla po$terit&agrave;. Come fu Mirone, Policleto, Phi
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diff changeset
4332 dia, Li$ippo, &amp; gli altri, che hanno con l'arte loro con$eguita la nobilt&agrave;. perche come
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4333 alle gran Citt&agrave;, ouero a i Re, ouero a nobili huomini fatti hanno opere, &amp; fabriche, co-
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diff changeset
4334 $i hanno ottenuto quello, che io ho detto. Ma quei, che n&egrave; di manco $tudio, &amp; ingegno,
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diff changeset
4335 &amp; $olertia $tati $ono, n&egrave; manco belle opere hanno la$ciato a gli ignobili cittadini, &amp; di mi
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diff changeset
4336 nor fortuna, non hanno la$ciato ricordo di loro alcuno: perche non dalla indu$tria, &amp;
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diff changeset
4337 <pb n="96">
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diff changeset
4338 $olertia dell'arte, ma dalla felicit&agrave; $ono $tati abbandonati: come fu Hellas Athenie$e,
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parents:
diff changeset
4339 Chione Corinthio, Miagro Phoce$e, Pharace Ephe$io, Bedas Bizantio, &amp; molti altri.
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parents:
diff changeset
4340 Similmente i pittori come Ari$tomene Tha$io, Policle, &amp; Atramitino, Nicomaco, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
4341 gli altri, a i quali, n&egrave; indu$tria, n&egrave; $tudio dell'arte, n&egrave; $olertia manc&ograve;, ma ouero la poca
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parents:
diff changeset
4342 robba, o la debil fortuna, o l'e$$er $uperati nella ambitione delle concorrenze da gli auer
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diff changeset
4343 $arij, po$e o$taculo alla dignit&agrave; loro. N&egrave; per&ograve; egli &egrave; da marauigliar$i, $e per l'ignoranza
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diff changeset
4344 dell'Arte $i o$curano le uirtu: ma bene l'huomo $i deue grandemente sdegnare, quando
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diff changeset
4345 $pe$$o la gratia de i conuiti lu$ingheuolmente, co$i da i ueri giudicij alla fal$a approbatio
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parents:
diff changeset
4346 ne conduca. Et per&ograve; $e (come piacque a Socrate) i $en$i, &amp; le opinioni, &amp; le $cienze cre-
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diff changeset
4347 $ciute dalle di$cipline, fu$$ero $tate chiare, &amp; manife$te, non ualerebbe la gratia, non
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diff changeset
4348 l'ambitione: ma $e ci fu$$e, chi con uere, &amp; certe fatiche impiegate nello imparare le dot
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parents:
diff changeset
4349 trine, giunto fu$$e al colmo della $cienza, a que$to $i darebbe uolentieri i lauori nelle ma
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diff changeset
4350 ni: ma perche quelle non $ono illu$tri, &amp; apparenti, nello a$petto, (come pen$amo che
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parents:
diff changeset
4351 bi$ognaua) &amp; io uedo, che piu pre$to gli indotti, che i dotti auanzano di gratia: non i$ti-
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parents:
diff changeset
4352 mando io, che buono $ia il cotendere con gli ignoranti di ambitione: piu pre$to con
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parents:
diff changeset
4353 que$ti precetti dimo$trer&ograve; la uirtu della $cienza no$tra. Nel primo libro adunque, &ograve; Impe
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diff changeset
4354 ratore, ti ho e$po$to dell'Arte, &amp; che potere ella habbia, &amp; di che di$cipline faccia bi$o-
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parents:
diff changeset
4355 gno, che l'Architetto $ia ornato; &amp; $oggiun$i le cagioni, perche co$i bi$ognaua, che
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parents:
diff changeset
4356 egli ammae$trato fo$$e, &amp; diui$i in $omma le ragioni della Architettura, &amp; diui$e poi, io
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diff changeset
4357 I'ho diffinite: &amp; oltra que$to di$correndo, ho dimo$trato quello, che era prima, &amp; ne-
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parents:
diff changeset
4358 ce$$ario delle mura, come fare $i debbia la elettione de i luoghi $ani: &amp; ho dimo$trato
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parents:
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4359 con de$crittioni di linee, quanti, &amp; quali, &amp; da che parte $pirino i uenti: &amp; ho in$egnato
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parents:
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4360 di fare i giu$ti compartimenti delle piazze, &amp; de i borghi dentro le mura, &amp; con que$to
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parents:
diff changeset
4361 io ho po$to fine al primo uolume. Nel $econdo anche io ho fornito di trattare della ma-
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parents:
diff changeset
4362 teria, che utilit&agrave; $i habbia da quella ne gli edificij, &amp; che uirtu le dia la natura. Hora nel
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parents:
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4363 terzo io dir&ograve; delle $acre ca$e de gli Dei immortali, &amp; e$poner&ograve; in che modo e$$er deo-
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parents:
diff changeset
4364 no di$egnate.
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parents:
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4365 <p><I>Detto ha Vitruuio nel primo libro al terzo Capo, che tre $ono'le parti dell'Architettura, una
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parents:
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4366 delle quali era la edificatione: detto ha $imilmente, che la edificatione era in due parti diui$a,
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parents:
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4367 una delle quali apparteneua alla fabrica delle opere communi, &amp; publiche, l'altra cra po$ta nel
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parents:
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4368 le fabriche priuate. Ha uoluto, che le distributioni delle opere publiche fu$$ero di tre maniere,
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parents:
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4369 l'una pertinente alla dife$a, l'altra alla religione, la terza alla opportunit&agrave;. nel mede$imo libro
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parents:
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4370 ha fornito quanto s'a$pettaua alla dife$a. Doueua egli poi trattare delle fabriche pertinenti alla re
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parents:
diff changeset
4371 ligione, ma parendogli molto nece$$ario e$ponere &amp; la materia, &amp; il modo per ponere in$ieme la
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parents:
diff changeset
4372 materia ($econdo che egli ha detto) diede $oggetto al $econdo libro, nel quale chiaramente ha trat
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parents:
diff changeset
4373 tato della materia piu nece$$aria alle fabriche: e$pon<*>do la natura, l'u$o, &amp; le ragioni di quella; pe
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parents:
diff changeset
4374 r&ograve; hauendo$i sbrigato da quella, ritorna hora alla di$tributione delle fabriche pertinenti alla Re
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parents:
diff changeset
4375 ligione; &amp; tratta de i $acri tempij nel terzo, &amp; nel quarto, abbracciando tutto il corpo della
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parents:
diff changeset
4376 pre$ente materia. per il che $i puo dire, che qui comincia tutto il bello, che di mano, &amp; d'inge-
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parents:
diff changeset
4377 gno s'a$petta dallo Architetto. Qui l'ordine ha luogo, qui la di$po$itione di$egna, qui la $imme-
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parents:
diff changeset
4378 tria, &amp; il decoro, &amp; la gratia fanno proua, qui $i $ente la utilit&agrave; della di$tributione. nelle
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parents:
diff changeset
4379 quali co$e il ualore dello Architetto, la forza dell'arte, l'acutezza dello ingegno riluce. Onde
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parents:
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4380 egli $i puo dire col gran poeta.</I>
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parents:
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4381 <p><I>O Mu$e, o alto ingegno hor m'aiutate.</I>
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parents:
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4382 <p><I>O mente, che $criuesti ci&ograve;, ch'io uidi,</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
4383 <p><I>Qui $i parr&agrave; la tua nobilitate.</I>
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parents:
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4384 <p><I>Et ueramente, &egrave; degna con$ideratione quella, che $i far&agrave; $opra la pre$ente materia, &amp; molto
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parents:
diff changeset
4385 gentilmente &egrave; ftato auuertito da Vitru. imperoche $apendo egli la grande importanza della co-</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
4386 <pb n="97">
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parents:
diff changeset
4387 <I>$a, &amp; che infinita &egrave; la $chiera de gli $ciocchi, $i ha mo$$o a de$iderar quello, che di$ideraua So
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parents:
diff changeset
4388 crate, che haue$$e l'huomo, cio&egrave; che egli haue<02>e una fine$trella nel petto, accioche dentro $i ue-
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parents:
diff changeset
4389 de$$e la $cienza, l' Arte, il bene, &amp; il male, che dentro ui fu$$e. Perche la Gratia, il fanore, la
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parents:
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4390 fortuna luogo darebbeno, quando il perito, &amp; intelligente con lo imperito &amp; ignorante di pari
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parents:
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4391 ueni$$ero al giudicio delle genti. $arebbe la Virt&ugrave; di piu $tima, &amp; l' Arroganza cederebbe alla mo-
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parents:
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4392 de$tia. Credo io che Vitr. haue$$e bello, &amp; alto pen$iero, uiuo, &amp; $oaue gu$to delle ragioni del-
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parents:
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4393 l' Architettura, onde in $e $te$$o godendone, di$ideraua, che tutto'l mondo cono$ce$$e la bellezza
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parents:
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4394 della uirt&ugrave;. &amp; per&ograve; concorreua nella opinione di Socrate, la dignit&agrave; del quale fu giudicata dalla
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parents:
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4395 $acerdote$$a Pithia per nome di Apollo e$$ere di $apientia $opra tutti gli huomini. Certamente io
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parents:
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4396 ho o$$eruato, che non $enza grande cagione Vitru. ha propo$to i proemi a i $uoi uolumi; perche
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parents:
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4397 e$$endo il proemio, (come detto hauemo nel $econdo libro) quello, che prima ci&egrave; propo$to, &amp;
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parents:
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4398 per que$to riguardando noi con maggiore attentione quello, che prima ci uiene inanzi, bello, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
4399 conueneuole auuertimento &egrave; di proponere ne i proemij quelle co$e, che noi uogliamo, che $iano
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parents:
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4400 grandemente con$iderate, &amp; atte$e. Vuole adunque Vitr. (da poi che la natura non ha fatto
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parents:
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4401 a modo no$tro) che almeno ciforzamo $coprire con la eccellenza dell' Arte quello, che ne ipetti
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parents:
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4402 no$lri &egrave; rinchiu$o. La eccellenza adunque dell' Arte (come $pe$$e uolte hauemo detto, &amp; cigio-
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parents:
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4403 ua di replicarlo) &egrave; po$ta nella ragione, la quale Vitr. ha po$to nelle $ei predette co$e. Que$ta egli
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4404 ha chiamato di$cor$o, co$a $ignificante, &amp; forma. Per&ograve; $e alcuno fia, che uoglia uedere piu a
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parents:
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4405 dentro, &amp; ritrouare la uerit&agrave; delle co$e, io lo prego, che con benigno animo legga il $otto$critto
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diff changeset
4406 di$cor$o, &amp; ritrouando quello, che egli de$idera, lodi meco la bont&agrave; di Dio. &amp; $e del tutto egli
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diff changeset
4407 non $ar&agrave; $atisfatto, aggiunga lo $tudio, &amp; il fauore all' opera da me cominciata; l'uno per ritro-
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4408 uar il uero, l'altro per accettare il buon animo, del quale io mi faccio perpetuo debitore. Tanta
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4409 &egrave; la forza della proportione, tanta &egrave; la nece$$it&agrave;, tanta &egrave; l'utilit &agrave; di e$$a nelle co$e, che non puo
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diff changeset
4410 alcuno n&egrave; all'orecchie, n&egrave; a gli occhi, n&egrave; a gli altri $en$i recare alcuna dilettatione $enza la con-
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diff changeset
4411 ueneuolezza, &amp; la ri$pondenza della ragione, la doue tutto quello, che diletta, o piace, non
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diff changeset
4412 per altro diletta &amp; piace, $e non perche tiene proportionata mi$ura, &amp; moderato temper amen-
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diff changeset
4413 to. Non prima con diletto, &amp; piacere nell' animo per le orecchie di$cendeno le uoci, &amp; i $uoni,
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diff changeset
4414 che tra $e non conuenghino in proportionata ragione di tempo, &amp; di di$tanza. Le belle inuentio-
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diff changeset
4415 ni de gli huomini tanto hanno del buono, quanto piu ingenio$amente $ono proportionate. Effi-
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diff changeset
4416 caci$$ima co$a &egrave; nel comporre, &amp; me$colare le $emplici medicine, la proportione, come nel fare
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diff changeset
4417 la Tiriaca, &amp; il Mitridato. Diuina &egrave; la forza de inumeri tra $e con ragione comparati. n&egrave; $i puo
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4418 dire, che nella fabrica di que$ta uniuer$it&agrave;, che noi mondo chiamamo, &amp; nel picciol mondo an-
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diff changeset
4419 chora, $ia co$a piu ampia, piu degna della conueneuolezza del pe$o, del numero, &amp; della mi$ura,
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diff changeset
4420 con la quale il tempo, lo $pacio, i mouimenti, le uirt&ugrave; la fauella, lo artificio, la natura, il $a-
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diff changeset
4421 pere, &amp; ogni co$a in $omma diuina, &amp; humana &egrave; compo$ta, cre$ciuta, &amp; perfetta. Ilche come
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diff changeset
4422 &egrave; uero, co$inon $timo io, che util $ia il uolere con piu ampie indottioni prouarlo. Quando adun-
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diff changeset
4423 que $ar&agrave; da noi con bello, &amp; $ottile auuedimento proui$to, che tutto quello, che $ar&agrave; fatto da noi
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4424 $ia con leragioni delle proportioni compo$to: non $olamente $aremo giudici degni delle opere de
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diff changeset
4425 gli antichi, ma anchora inuentori, &amp; operatori da noi $te$$i di co$e rare, &amp; eccellenti. &amp; quan-
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diff changeset
4426 do bene Vitr. non $i troua$$e al mondo, potrebbe colui che ueramente intende$$e il ualore delle
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diff changeset
4427 proportioni, ritrouare innumerabili precettid' Architettura, n&egrave; per temerario $arebbe hauuto,
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diff changeset
4428 perche in dife$a $ua prenderebbe la ragione. la qual co$a ha dato riputatione a gli artefici, com-
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diff changeset
4429 modo al mondo, &amp; gloria a i Principi. Volendo adunque noi trattare delle proportioni, diremo
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4430 primieramente, che co$a &egrave; proportione, di$tingueremo le $pecie $ue, &amp; in fine comparando l'u$o
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diff changeset
4431 di cia$cuna $pecie, accioche $appiamo quale proportione a qual fabrica conuenga. Molto am-
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diff changeset
4432 piamente $i $tende que$to nome di proportione nella $ua $ignificatione, perche ogni conuenienza,
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diff changeset
4433 &amp; $imiglianza di co$e uolgarmente &egrave; detta proportione, &amp; anche nella uirt&ugrave; &egrave; $o$tanza, nella
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4434 qualit&agrave;, &amp; altrigenerali$$imi capi$i dice e$$er proportione. Ma noi parlamo della uera propor-</I>
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4435 <foot><I>N</I></foot>
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4436 <pb n="98">
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diff changeset
4437 <I>tione, che &egrave; compre$a $otto la quantit&agrave;. non che la proportione $ia quantit&agrave;, ma perche &egrave; propria
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diff changeset
4438 della quantit&agrave;. Trouan$i due maniere di quantit&agrave;, una &egrave; detta continua, come linea, $operficie,
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diff changeset
4439 corpo, tempo, &amp; mouimento. l'altra &egrave; detta quantit&agrave; partita, &amp; di$creta, o $eparata, (come
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diff changeset
4440 uogliamo dire) come &egrave; il numero due, tre, &amp; quattro, &amp; lo proferire delle $illabe nel formar le
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4441 parole; &amp; le parole i$te$$e una &egrave; $eparata dall'altra. Dell'una &amp; dell'altra quantit&agrave;, &egrave; proprio,
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diff changeset
4442 che $econdo cia$cuna $i dica, le co$e e$$ere eguali, o di$eguali. Benche que$ta proprieta $ia $ta-
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4443 ta trasferita in molte altre co$e, che non $ono quantit&agrave;, perche tutte le co$e, delle quali $i puo far
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4444 tra$e alcuna comparatione, ouero $ono egualitra $e, &amp; pari, ouero di$eguali, &amp; di$pari. Hora
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4445 io dico, che la proportione &egrave; nel num ro di quelle co$e, che $i riferi$ceno ad altre, &amp; lo e$$er $uo
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4446 &egrave; tale, che non $ta da $e, ma ha riguardo ad altro: &amp; perche una co$a in comparatione d'un'al-
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diff changeset
4447 tra &egrave; o piu, o meno, o tanto: per&ograve; delle proportioni altre $aranno tra co$e pari, &amp; eguali, altre
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diff changeset
4448 tra di$eguali, o maggiori, o minori, che elle $iano. Ma perche noi ragionamo di quella propor-
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diff changeset
4449 tione, che $i truoua nella quantit&agrave;, per&ograve; dicemo, che proportione altro non &egrave;, che una terminata
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diff changeset
4450 habitudine, ri$petto, o comparatione di due quantit&agrave; compre$e $otto un'i$te$$o genere. come $a-
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parents:
diff changeset
4451 rebbe due numeri, due corpi, due luoghi, due tempi, due linee, due piani. percioche non $i puo
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4452 dire propriamente, che la linea $ia minore, o maggiore, o pari alla $operficie, come egli $ta be-
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4453 ne a dire; che una linea, &egrave; pari all'altra, o maggiore, o minore. perche la comparatione $i fa di
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4454 co$e compre$e $otto un'i$te$$o genere. Di$$i, terminata, non inquanto a noi, n&egrave; in $e certa, ma
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4455 tale che non puo e$$er altra, come $i dir&agrave; dapoi. I$pedita adunque la diffinitione della proportione,
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4456 manif $ta co$a &egrave;, che ritrouando$i ella nella quantit&agrave;, alcuna appartener&agrave; alle mi$ure, alcuna a i
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4457 numeri, alcuna $ar&agrave; me$colata di numeri, &amp; di mi$ure. La pertinente alle mi$ure, che $i chia-
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4458 ma Geometrica $ar&agrave; nelle quantit&agrave; continue, le quali tutte cadeno $otto mi$ura. La pertinente
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4459 a numeri, che &egrave; detta Arithmetica, &egrave; nelle quantit&agrave; di$tinte, &amp; $eparate, come quando egli $i
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parents:
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4460 fa comparatione da numero, a numero. La me$colata di numeri, &amp; di mi$ure, che Harmoni-
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4461 ca $i chiama, &egrave; quella che compara i tempi, &amp; gli interualli delle uoci, &amp; gliecce$$i, &amp; differen-
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parents:
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4462 ze delle proportioni, come $i dir &agrave; nel quinto libro. Hora diremo della proportione Geometrica,
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4463 la quale &egrave; quando $i fa comparatione d'una co$a continua all'altra, &amp; della Arithmetica, che $i
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4464 fa tra numeri. uolendo adunque noiritrouare le $pecie delle proportioni, bi$ogna $apere come $ti. -
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4465 no le co$e tra $e comparate l'una con l'altra. per tanto ritrouando noi, che le co$e $ono tra $e o
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4466 eguali, o di$eguali, facendone la comparatione diremo, che la proportione $ar&agrave; di due maniere,
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4467 l'una quando $i far&agrave; comparatione di due quantit&agrave; tra loro, cioe che una non ecceder&agrave; l'altra, ma
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4468 $ar&agrave; tanto a punto: &amp; que$ta &egrave; detta proportione di agguaglianza. l'altra, quando $i far&agrave; com-
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4469 paratione di due quantit&agrave; di$eguali, cio&egrave; che una ecceder&agrave; l'altra: &amp; $ar&agrave; detta proportione di
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4470 di$aguaglianza. &amp; co$i haueremo due $orti di proportione, delle quali la prima non ha $otto di $e
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4471 altra $pecie, perche l'agguaglianza non $i puo diuidere, perche non na$ce $e non ad un'i$te$$o mo-
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4472 do. Ma la $econda puo e$$ere in due modigenerali, l'uno quando $i compara il piu al meno: l'al-
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4473 tro quando $i compara il meno al piu. il primo $i dir&agrave; proportione di di$agguaglianza dal mag-
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4474 giore. il $econdo, proportione di di$agguaglianza dal minore. &amp; perche tante $ono le $pecie di
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4475 comparare il piu al meno, quanto quelle di comparare il meno al piu: per&ograve; dichiareremo le $pecie
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4476 della proportione dal maggiore, perche poi l'altre ci $aranno manife$te. In tre modi adunque $i
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4477 fa comparatione dal piu al meno, cio&egrave; in tre modi, il piu eccede il meno, dico nella $emplice pro-
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4478 portione. Il primo &egrave; quando il piu contien&egrave; il meno piu uolte a punto, &amp; $i chiama proportione
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4479 moltiplice, come il quattro contiene due, due fiate a punto, &amp; non piu. il noue contiene il tre,
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4480 tre fiate a punto. l'altro &egrave; quando il piu contiene il meno, &amp; di piu alcuna parte di quello, &amp; $i
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diff changeset
4481 chiama proportione $opra particolare: percioche il piu &egrave; $opra il meno di qualche parte. come
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diff changeset
4482 quattro a tre, che quattro contiene tre nna fiata, &amp; la $ua terza parte, che &egrave;, uno. il terzo mo-
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diff changeset
4483 do &egrave; quando il piu contiene il meno una fiata, &amp; piu parti di quello, come cinque a tre; che cinque
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parents:
diff changeset
4484 contiene tre una fiata, &amp; due parti di e$$o; &amp; que$ta $i chiama proportione $opra partiente; per-</I>
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diff changeset
4485 <pb n="99">
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parents:
diff changeset
4486 <I>che il termine maggiore contiene il minore una fiata, &amp; $opra parti$ce quello, cou la aggiunta
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parents:
diff changeset
4487 di piu parti. Deue$i per&ograve; intendere di quelle parti, che non mi$urano il tutto a punto. &amp; que$te
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diff changeset
4488 $ono le $emplici, &amp; uniuer$ali $pecie della proportione della maggiore di$agguaglianza. Hora
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parents:
diff changeset
4489 diuideremo breuemente cia$cuna delle predette $pecie in altre piu particolari di$tintioni. La mol-
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parents:
diff changeset
4490 tiplice adunque $i diuide in que$to modo. $e la maggior quantit&agrave; contener&agrave; due fiate, &amp; non piu
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parents:
diff changeset
4491 la minore, ne na$cer&agrave; la proportione che $i chiama doppia, $e tre tripla, $i quattro quadrupla,
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diff changeset
4492 &amp; co$i ua in infinito. quattro a due &egrave; doppia, noue a tre tripla, otto a due quadrupla. La pro-
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parents:
diff changeset
4493 portione $opraparticolare $i troua in que$to modo: che $e il piu contiene il meno una fiata, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
4494 meza, $ar&agrave; la proportione $e$quialtera; come $ei a quattro; perche $ei contiene quattro intiera-
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parents:
diff changeset
4495 mente, &amp; di piu la met&agrave;, che $on due. $e contener&agrave; il terzo oltra il tutto $ar&agrave;, la proportione $e$-
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parents:
diff changeset
4496 quiterza, come quattro a tre, otto a $ei: $e un quarto $e$quiquarta, come dieci ad otto: $e un quinto
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parents:
diff changeset
4497 fe$quiquinta, &amp; co$i ua $eguitando in infinito. &amp; $e uorremo hauere le $pecie della $oprapartien-
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diff changeset
4498 te, diremo in que$to modo: che il piu contiene il meno una fiata, &amp; due parti d'e$$o, ouero tre, o
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diff changeset
4499 quattro, &amp; co$i in infinito. $e contener&agrave; due parti di piu del meno, dira$$i $oprabipartiente, co-
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parents:
diff changeset
4500 me cinque a tre, che &egrave; un tanto &amp; due terzi. $e tre parti, chiamera$$i $opra tripartiente, come &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
4501 otto a cinque, che &egrave; un tanto, &amp; tre quinti. $e qnattro, $opra quadripartiente, come noue a cin-
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parents:
diff changeset
4502 que, che &egrave; un tanto, &amp; quattro quinti. &amp; co$i nel re$tante. &amp; que$te $ono le $pecie della mag-
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parents:
diff changeset
4503 gior di$agguaglianza nella $emplice proportione. Le compo$te ueramente $ono due; &amp; $i chia-
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parents:
diff changeset
4504 mano compo$te, perche $ono fatte di due $emplici. La prima &egrave; detta moltiplice $opraparticolare,
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parents:
diff changeset
4505 la $econda moltiplice $oprapartiente, perche ritengono la natura di quelle proportioni, delle qua-
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parents:
diff changeset
4506 li $ono compo$te. inquanto adunque la prima &egrave; detta moltiplice, ne $egue, che'l maggiore conten-
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parents:
diff changeset
4507 ga il minore piu uolte; &amp; inquanto &egrave; detta $opraparticolare, ne $egue, che il maggiore contenga
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parents:
diff changeset
4508 il minore, con alcuna parte di quello. &amp; per&ograve; la moltiplice $opraparticolare comparando il piu
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parents:
diff changeset
4509 al meno, ritroua che il piu contiene il meno piu uolte, &amp; qualche parte di quello, $e due fiate, &amp; la
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parents:
diff changeset
4510 met&agrave;, $ar&agrave; proportione doppia $e$quialtera, come cinque a due: $e tre fiate, &amp; la met&agrave;, $ar&agrave; tripla
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parents:
diff changeset
4511 $e$quialtera, &amp; co$i in infinito: &amp; $imilmente due, &amp; un terzo come $ette a tre, doppia $e$quiterza,
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parents:
diff changeset
4512 $e tre $iate, &amp; un terzo, $ar&agrave; tripla $e$quiterza. &amp; co$i ua di$correndo. Parimente la molti-
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parents:
diff changeset
4513 plice $opra partiente proportione in quanto moltiplice, il piu contener&agrave; il meno piu fiate, &amp; in-
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parents:
diff changeset
4514 quanto $opra partiente il piu contener&agrave; alquante parti del meno. $e due fiate, &amp; due parti$ar&agrave; dop
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parents:
diff changeset
4515 pia $oprabipartiente, come dodici a cinque; $e due fiate &amp; tre parti, $ar&agrave; doppia $opra tripartien-
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4516 te, come tredici a cinque, &amp; co$i in infinito. come $e il piu contene$$e il meno tre fiate, &amp; due
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parents:
diff changeset
4517 parti, $arebbe tripla $oprabipartiente, come dice$$ette a cinque; $e tre fiate, &amp; tre parti, $arebbe tri
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parents:
diff changeset
4518 pla $opratripartiente, come diciotto a cinque. &amp; co$i $eguendo nell'altre. &amp; perche per uno ri-
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parents:
diff changeset
4519 $petto egli $i cono$ce l'altro, per&ograve; dalle $pecie delle proportioni della di$agguaglianza del mag-
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parents:
diff changeset
4520 giore al minore, $i hanno le $pecie della di$agguaglianza del minore al maggiore: n&egrave; ui &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
4521 altra differenza, $e non che $i come nella prima $i cominciaua dal piu, &amp; $i termina-
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parents:
diff changeset
4522 ua nel meno, co$i in que$ta $i comincia dal meno, &amp; $i termina nel piu, &amp; $i muta quella
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parents:
diff changeset
4523 particola $opra, nella particola $otto. per&ograve; $i dice $otto moltiplice; $otto doppia, $otto $e$quialte-
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parents:
diff changeset
4524 ra, $otto $e$quiterza. Egli $i deue auuertire, che in due modi una quantit&agrave; &egrave; parte dell'altra, il
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parents:
diff changeset
4525 primo &egrave; quando la parte d'una quantit&agrave; pre$a $econdo alquante fiate a punto, entra nel tutto di
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parents:
diff changeset
4526 punto; cio&egrave; quando il par titore entra a punto nella co$a partita, &amp; niente gli auanza. Que$ta
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parents:
diff changeset
4527 noi chiamaremo parte moltiplicante. &amp; que$ta &egrave; la uera, &amp; propria intelligenza, di questo
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parents:
diff changeset
4528 nome, che parte, $i chiama. In altro modo parte &egrave; quella, che pre$a quante fiate uuoi, mai non
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parents:
diff changeset
4529 ti rende l'intiero, &amp; $i chiama parte aggiunta, imperoche aggionta con un'altra parte fa il tut-
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parents:
diff changeset
4530 to. L'e$$empio della parte moltiplicata &egrave;, come due a $ei, imperoche due mi$ura $ei, &amp; ui entra
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parents:
diff changeset
4531 tre fiate a punto: come tre a noue, otto a trenta due. l'e$$empio della parte aggiunta &egrave; come due
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parents:
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4532 al cinque, perche due pre$o due fiate non fa cinque, pre$o tre fiate pa$$a cinque. Que$te parti ag-
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parents:
diff changeset
4533 giunte $ono per&ograve; compo$te di parti moltiplicanti, perche il due &egrave; compo$to di unit&agrave;, lequali mi$u-</I>
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parents:
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4534 <foot><I>N</I> 2</foot>
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parents:
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4535 <pb n="100">
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parents:
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4536 <I>rano due, entrandoui due fiate a punto. &amp; tanto $ia detto cerca la diffinitione, &amp; diui$ione della
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parents:
diff changeset
4537 proportione. Hora $i dir&agrave; quello, che ne na$ce. Dalle proportioni adunque na$ceno le comparatio-
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parents:
diff changeset
4538 ni, &amp; i ri$petti, che hanno tra $e, cio&egrave; quando una proportione &egrave; comparata con l'altra. &amp; que$te
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parents:
diff changeset
4539 $imiglianze di proportioni $i chiamano proportionalit&agrave;: &amp; $i come la proportione &egrave; ri$petto, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
4540 conuenienza di due quantil&agrave; compre$e $otto un'i$te$$o genere, co$i la proportionalit&agrave; &egrave; ri$petto,
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parents:
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4541 &amp; comparatione non d'una quantit&agrave; all'altra, ma d'una proportione all'altra. Come $a-
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parents:
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4542 rebbe a dire la proportione, che &egrave; fra quattro &amp; due, e$$er $imile alla proportione, che &egrave; fra
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parents:
diff changeset
4543 otto, &amp; quattro. imperoche &amp; l'una, &amp; l'altra &egrave; doppia. Et per&ograve; tutte le doppie, tutte le tri-
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4544 ple, tutte le quadruple, o $iano d'uno i$te$$o genere, come tra linea, &amp; linea, tra corpo, &amp; cor-
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parents:
diff changeset
4545 po, o $iano di diuer$i generi, come tra linea, &amp; corpo, tra corpo, &amp; $patio, tra $patio, et tempo
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parents:
diff changeset
4546 $ono proportionali, &amp; con$eguente $imili: &amp; doue &egrave; proportionalit&agrave;, iui &egrave; nece$$ario, che $ia pro
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4547 portione; perche (come s'&egrave; detto) la proportionalit&agrave; non &egrave; altro, che camparatione di propor-
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4548 tioni. ma non per lo contrario, perche fra quattro &amp; dua, &egrave; proportione, ma non proportiona-
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parents:
diff changeset
4549 lit&agrave;. Nelle proportionalit&agrave; con$i$teno tutti i $ecreti dell' Arte. Ma perche egli s'intenda bene
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parents:
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4550 quanto $coprir uolemo; egli &egrave; utile a dire, come $i cono$ceno i denominatori delle proportioni, co-
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parents:
diff changeset
4551 me $i leua, come $i aggiugne, come $ono moltiplicate, &amp; partite, &amp; poi $i dir &agrave; delle proportiona
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4552 lit&agrave;, &amp; termini loro. Per $apere adunque ritrouare i denominatori delle proportioni, il che gio-
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parents:
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4553 ua a cono$cere qual proportione $ia maggiore, qualminore: perche nelle fabriche quelle hanno
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4554 piu del grande, che $ono di maggiore proportione, perche una stanza di due quadri, ha piu gran-
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4555 dezza, che una di un quadro &amp; mezo e$$endo, che la doppia &egrave; maggior proportione che la $e$qui
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4556 altera. Egli &egrave; dunque da con$iderare, che quando la proportione &egrave; di agguaglianza, cio&egrave; quan-
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4557 do $ono tante unit&agrave;, o mi$ure in un numero, o grandezza, quante $ono in un'altro, non &egrave; nece$$a-
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4558 rio di affaticar$i in ritrouar denominatori, perche di quella $pecie di proportione non $i tro-
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4559 ua diui$ione, non e$$endo tra le co$e pari maggioranza, n&egrave; minoranza. Resta adunque, che
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diff changeset
4560 i denominatori $iano tra le $pecie della proportione di di$agguaglianza. Breue adunque, &amp;
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4561 i$pedita regola di ritrouare i numeri, dai quali $ono denominate le proportioni, &egrave; partire uno e$tre
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4562 mo della proportione per l'altro. Imperoche quello, che ne uiene per tale partimento, &egrave; $empre il
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4563 denominatore della proportione. Partire altro non &egrave;, che uedere quante fiate un numeroentra nel-
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4564 l'altro, &amp; quello, che auanza. La doue &egrave; ragioneuole, che dal partimento, &amp; da quello, che
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4565 re$ta $i cono$ca il nome di cia$cuna proportione: ecco lo e$$empio. $e uuoi $apere come $i chiama la
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4566 proportione tra quattro, &amp; otto, partirai otto per quattro, cio&egrave; uedi quante fiate il quattro en-
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diff changeset
4567 tra nell'otto, &amp; trouerai, che quattro entra due fiate a punto: da due adunque chiamerai la pro
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diff changeset
4568 portione; che &egrave; tra otto, &amp; quattro: &amp; dirai, che la proportione &egrave; doppia. Similmente $e uuoi
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4569 $apere come $i chiama la proportione, che &egrave; tra cinque, &amp; $edici, partirai $edici per cinque, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
4570 ritrouerai, che'l cinque entra in $edicitre fiate, &amp; per&ograve; dirai, che &egrave; proportione tripla, e$$endo
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diff changeset
4571 denominata da tre, &amp; perche glire$ta uno, che &egrave; la quinta parte di cinque, per&ograve; dirai, che quel-
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diff changeset
4572 la proportione &egrave; tripla $e$quiquinta, &amp; cono$cerai, quella e$$er compo$ta, cio&egrave; moltiplice $opra
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4573 particolare, &amp; co$i farai nelle altre. Dalla $opradetta cognitione (come ho detto) $i caua que
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4574 $ta utilit&agrave;, che $i puo $apere; quale proportione &egrave; po$ta tra le maggiori, &amp; quale tra le minori,
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4575 &amp; quale tra l'eguali, &amp; $imili proportioni. $imili $ono quelle, che hanno $imili, &amp; le i$te$$e
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4576 denominationi, maggiori $ono quelle, che hanno maggiore denominatione, &amp; minori, mi-
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parents:
diff changeset
4577 nore, perche la denominatione &egrave; detta e$$er tanto grande, quanto il numero, che la dinota.
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4578 Et per&ograve; la quadrupla &egrave; maggiore della tripla, perche quella dal quattro, que$ta &egrave; deno-
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parents:
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4579 minata dal tre. &amp; co$i la $e$quialtera &egrave; maggiore della $e$quiterza, perche la $e$quialtera &egrave; deno
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parents:
diff changeset
4580 minata dalla met&agrave;, la $e$quiterza da un terzo. &amp; neirotti quanto &egrave; maggiore il denominatore
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parents:
diff changeset
4581 del rotto, tanto &egrave; minore il rotto, &amp; per&ograve; un quarto &egrave; meno d'un terzo. perche quattro &egrave; mag-
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parents:
diff changeset
4582 giore ditre: &amp; per&ograve; una tripla $e$quialtera &egrave; maggiore d'una tripla $e$quiterza: ma una tripla $e$-
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parents:
diff changeset
4583 quiterza &egrave; maggiore, che una doppia $e$quialtera, &amp; questo non per la denominatione del rotto,</I>
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4584 <pb n="101">
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parents:
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4585 <I>ma per la denominatione del numero intiero, che &egrave; maggiore. $imilmente nelle proportioni $opra-
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parents:
diff changeset
4586 partienti maggiore &egrave; quella, che da numero maggiore &egrave; denominata. Et perche meglio s'inten-
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parents:
diff changeset
4587 da, io dico, che la proportione $oprapartiente &egrave; quando il piu contiene il meno una fiata, &amp; piu
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parents:
diff changeset
4588 parti di e$$o, &amp; que$to &egrave; tanto dal numero di e$$e parti, quanto dalla denominatione, &amp; quante
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parents:
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4589 dall'uno, &amp; dall'altro. Dal numero delle parti quando il piu contiene il meno una fiata, &amp;
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parents:
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4590 due parti di quello, $i dice $oprabipartiente; $e tre $opratripartiente, &amp; co$inel re$to. Dalla de
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4591 nominatione delle parti, quando il piu contiene il meno una fiata, &amp; le parti, che $ono terzi del
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diff changeset
4592 meno, $i dice $oprapartiente le terze, Dall'uno, &amp; dall'altra, cio&egrave; dal numero, &amp; dalla deno-
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parents:
diff changeset
4593 minatione delle parti: come $e dice$$e $oprabipartiente le terze. Dico adunque, che $econdo la pri
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4594 ma denominatione, che e$prime quante parti del numero minore $ono contenute nel maggiore, s'in-
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4595 tende la proportion maggiore; perche la $econda, che e$prime quali $iano quelle parti del nume-
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parents:
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4596 ro minore, &egrave; quella i$te$$a, come dire: la $opraottopartiente le undecime &egrave; maggiore, che
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parents:
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4597 la $opratripartiente le undecime, perche que$ta dal numero minore, che &egrave; tre, quella dal
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4598 maggiore, che &egrave; otto, $i denomina, e$$endo la $econda denominatione la i$te<02>a nell'una,
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4599 &amp; nell'altra. Qui ci bi$ognerebbe la generatione, &amp; la propriet&agrave; di cia$cuna propor-
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4600 tione, &amp; quel bello di$cor$o, che fanno gli Arithmetici prouando, che ogni di$aggua-
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4601 glianza na$ce dall'agguaglianza, &amp; che la egualit&agrave; &egrave; principio della di$egualit&agrave;, &amp; che
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parents:
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4602 ogni di$egualit&agrave; $i riduce all'egualit&agrave;: ma bi$ogna la$ciare co$i alte con$iderationi a quelli, che
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4603 uogliono trouare il principio di tutte le co$e create, la unit&agrave; trina di quello, &amp; la produttione non
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4604 di que$te fabriche particolari, ma della uniuer$it&agrave; del mondo, &amp; delle co$e, che ui $ono dentro.
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parents:
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4605 parleremo adunque del raccogliere, moltiplicare, $cemare, &amp; partire delle proportioni. Per-
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4606 che Vitr. in molti luoghi, lieua, pone, parti$ce le proportioni; come $i uedr&agrave; nel primo Capo del
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4607 pre$ente libro, &amp; al $econdo, &amp; all'ultimo. &amp; nel quarto al terzo Capo. &amp; infinite $ono le occo
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4608 renze di $eruir$i piu d'una che d'un'altra proportione, come nella diui$ione de i corpi delle fabri-
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parents:
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4609 che, ne gli Atrij, Tablini, $ale, loggie, ba$iliche, &amp; altre co$e di gran momento nel raddoppiar
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parents:
diff changeset
4610 i corpi, nel trouar le linee proportionali, nel $corzare i piani, nella machinatione, &amp; in $omma
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4611 in ogni co$a all' Arte $ottopo$ta. Hor al propo$ito. Per raccogliere due proportioni in$ieme bi-
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4612 $ogna trouare il denominatore della proportione prodotta: dapoiraccogliere i numeri po$ti $otto
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4613 la i$te$$a proportione prodotta. Il primo $i fa a que$to modo. moltiplica il denominatore d'una
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parents:
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4614 proportione, nel denominatore dell'altra, &amp; co$i ne re$ter &agrave; il denominatore della raccolta, &amp;
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4615 prodotta denominatione. Il $econdo $i fa moltiplicando tra $e i numeri antecedenti delle
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parents:
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4616 propo$te proportioni, &amp; moltiplicando i numeri con$eguenti anche tra $e, auuertendo
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4617 che que$ta regola ci $erue nelle proportioni $imiglianti, cio&egrave; quando amendue $ono della di$agua-
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4618 lianza dal maggiore, ouero amendue dal minore. Hora all'e$$empio. ecco la proportione che &egrave;
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parents:
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4619 tra noue, &amp; tre, &egrave; tripla, &amp; laragione, che &egrave; tra quattro &egrave; due &egrave; doppia: uoglio raccogliere una
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4620 tripla, &amp; una doppia, &amp; uedere che proportione na$ce: moltiplica adunque i denominatori,
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parents:
diff changeset
4621 che $ono due, &amp; tre: &amp; dirai che ne uien $ei. questo adunque $ar&agrave; denominatore della pro-
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4622 dotta proportione: &amp; per&ograve; da una tripla, &amp; da una doppia ne na$ce una $e$tupla. il che ap-
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parents:
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4623 pare per li numeri moltiplic ati d'amendue le proportioni: perche moltiplicando noue, per
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4624 quattro, ne uiene trenta $ei, &amp; tre per due ne uien $ei: la doue trenta $ei ri$petto a $ei ritiene
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4625 proportione denominata $e$tupla. Voglio anche nelle $opraparticolari darne lo e$$empio,
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4626 &amp; raccogliere la $e$quialtera, che &egrave; tra tre, &amp; due, &amp; la $e$quiterza, che &egrave; tra tre &amp; quat
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parents:
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4627 tro, moltiplico mezo che &egrave; denominatore della $e$quialtera in un terzo, che &egrave; denominatore
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4628 della $e$quiterza, &amp; ne na$ce due, che &egrave; denominatore della prodotta proportione: &amp; per&ograve; da
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parents:
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4629 una $e$quialtera, &amp; da una $e$quiterza raccolte in$ieme, ne na$ce una doppia: moltiplica
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4630 adunque i numeri antecedenti, che $ono tre &amp; quattro, ne uien dodici, &amp; i con$eguenti che
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4631 $on due e tre, &amp; ne uien $ei. adunque dodici a $ei tiene proportione doppia. Que$to gioua nel
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4632 la mu$ica grandemenle. Ecco, quando la con$onanza mu$icale detta diapente $ia in proportio-</I>
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4633 <pb n="102">
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4634 <I>ne $e$quialtera, &amp; la diate$$aron in $e$quiterza: $e egli $i poner&agrave; in$ieme l'una, &amp; l'altra,
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4635 $e ne cauer&agrave; la diapa$on, che &egrave; in proportion doppia. d'una quinta adunque, &amp; d'una quarta $i
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4636 fa un'ottaua. Similmente addurremo lo e$$empio nelle $oprapartienti. uolendo adunque aggiu-
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4637 nere la $oprabipartiente le terze, come cinque a tre; alla $opra tripartiente le quarte, come $et-
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4638 te a cinque, $i piglia il denominatore della $oprabipertiente le terze, che &egrave; uno &amp; due terzi, &amp;
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diff changeset
4639 $i moltiplica in$ieme col denominatore della $opratripartiente le quarte, che &egrave; uno, &amp; tre
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4640 quarti, &amp; $i raccoglie due, &amp; undici duodecimi, da i quali na$ce la doppia undecipartiente
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4641 le duodecime. ecco, moltiplica cinque, &amp; $ette che $ono li primi numeri delle predette pro-
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4642 por<*>ioni, $i produce trentacinque: moltiplica anche i $econdi, che $on tre, &amp; quattro, ne uie
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4643 ne dodici. trentacinque adunque contiene il dodici due fiate, &amp; ne auanzano undeci duodeci-
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4644 mi: &amp; co$i $i raccoglieno le proportioni quando amendue $ono $imili. Ma quando $ono di$$imi-
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4645 li, cio&egrave; una della maggiore, &amp; l'altra della minore, allhora quella proportione, che &egrave; denomi
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4646 nata dalla maggior quantit&agrave;, $i deue partire per l'altra. $ia adunque da comporre una $otto
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diff changeset
4647 doppia, come uno &amp; dui, con una $e$quialtera, come tre a due. la $otto doppia &egrave; denominata
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4648 dal due, come &egrave; la doppia. &amp; la $e$quialtera &egrave; denominata dall'un, &amp; mezo, che &egrave; meno del-
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diff changeset
4649 La doppia. parti$ca$i dunque dua per un &amp; mezo, ne re$ta uno, &amp; un terzo: &amp; per&ograve; dalle $o-
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4650 predette proportionine uiene una $otto$e$quiterza. ecco una &amp; due $opra, tre &amp; due, mollipli-
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4651 cai primi numeri, che $ono uno, &amp; tre, fanno tre. il che $i deue notare $otto una linea. da-
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diff changeset
4652 poi moltiplica due in due, ne ri$ulter&agrave; quattro, &amp; tre a quattro, &amp; in proportione $otto $e$-
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4653 quiterza. Ma quando bi$ogno $ia di componere piu di due proportioni in$ieme, componerai con
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4654 la terza quello, che ri$ulta dalle due prime, &amp; la compo$ta di tre componerai con la quarta, &amp;
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4655 co$i anderai $eguitando. &amp; di que$to puo ba$tare uno e$$empio. in que$ti numeri, quattro tre,
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4656 tre &amp; due, tre &amp; uno. Dalle proportioni adunque di quattro a tre, che &egrave; $e$quiterza, &amp; di tre
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4657 a due, che &egrave; $e$quialtera, ne na$ce, come s'&egrave; detto, una doppia: laqual partita, per la $eguen-
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4658 te $equialtera tre a due, fa la $equiterza, la qual moltiplicata in una tripla, che ha tre ad uno
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4659 $a la quadrupla, che ha quattro ad uno. Dalle co$e gi&agrave; dette ne na$ce, che di due propor-
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4660 tioni di di$aguaglianza dal maggiore in$ieme compo$te ne na$ce la proportione della di$agua-
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4661 glianza del maggiore: ma l'una &amp; l'altra &egrave; maggiore. con$eguentemente da due proportioni
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4662 della di$aguaglianza dal minore, $i produce la proportione della di$aguaglianza dal minore, ma
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4663 l'una &amp; l'altra &egrave; minore proportione. Ma da una della maggiore, &amp; l'altra della minore $i fa
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4664 tale proportione, quale &egrave; quella, che &egrave; denominata dal numero maggiore. Ma la proportione
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4665 dell'aguaglianza, con quella della maggiore di$aguaglianza produce la i$te$$a proportione della
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4666 maggior di$aguaglianza, &amp; $a lo i$te$$o ri$pondente con la proportione della minor di$aguaglian-
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4667 za. per il che $i uede, che la proportione dell'agguaglianza moltiplicata in $e $te$$a produce la
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4668 ragione dell'agguaglianza. Et que$to detto $ia del componimento delle proportioni Ma quando uor
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4669 remo $ottrarre una proportione dall'altra, et cono$cer quale proportione re$ta: bi$ogna partire con
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4670 que$to auuertimento, che ($i come ne i numeri s'&egrave; detto che $i leua il minore dal maggiore) co$i nel
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4671 le proportioni $i leua la minore dalla maggiore. Primamente adunque $i parte il denominatore della
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4672 maggiore, per lo denominatore dalla minore, et $i produce il denominatore di quella, che re$ta, dapoi,
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4673 per li numeri po$ti $otto le date proportioni. ponga$i adunq; $opra una linea tra$uer$a i numeri della
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4674 maggior proportione (che &egrave; quella che $i deue partire) &amp; di $otto i numeri della minore, dapoi $ia
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4675 moltiplicato il primo antecedente numero di quella proportione, che $i deue partire, per lo con$e-
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parents:
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4676 guente del partitore, perche $i far&agrave; l'antecedente, &amp; primo di quella proportione, che re$ta, &amp;
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4677 per la moltiplicatione del $<*>condo numero della proportione da e$$er diui$a per lo antecedente del-
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4678 la diuidente, ne na$ce il con$eguente della restante. &amp; que$to modo conuiene col partire de i rot-
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4679 ti uulgari. poniam ca$o, che uogliamo $ottrarre una doppia da una tripla. partirai adunque tre,
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4680 che &egrave; denominatore della tripla, per due, ch'&egrave; denominatore della doppia, &amp; ne uenir&agrave; uno &amp; me
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parents:
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4681 zo, dal quale $i denomina la $e$quialtera. Siano que$ti numeri noue, &amp; tre in proportione tripla;</I>
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4682 <pb n="103">
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4683 <I>&amp; in doppia quattro &amp; due: moltiplica noue per due, ne uiene diciotto &amp; tre in quattro, ne
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parents:
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4684 uien dodici. al qual numero diciotto &egrave; in proportione $e$quialtera. Co$i anche nella proportione
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parents:
diff changeset
4685 $opra particolare $i proceder&agrave;, come $arebbe il leuare una $e$quiterza da una $e$quialtera. parti
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parents:
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4686 adunque il denominatore della $e$quialtera, ch'&egrave; uno &amp; mezo, per lo denominatore della $e$quiter
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parents:
diff changeset
4687 za, ch'&egrave; uno, &amp; un terzo, ne $eguira uno, &amp; un'ottauo. Dalla propo$ta $ottrattione adunque ne re$ta
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4688 una $e$quiottaua. tre a due &egrave; in $e$quialtera, quattro a tre in $e$quilerza, moltiplica tre per tre
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4689 fa noue, due per quattro $a otto, ma noue ad otto &egrave; in proportione $e$quiottaua. Finalmen-
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4690 te nelle $oprapartienti uoglio leuare una $oprabipartiente le terze, da una $opra tripar-
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4691 tiente le quarte. partendo uno, &amp; tre quarti, per uno &amp; due terzi, ne ri$ulta uno, &amp; un
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4692 uige$imo. dal che &egrave; denominata la proportione $e$quiuige$ima, come ci $ar&agrave; dato anche da gli
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4693 auuenimenti de i numeri $ette a quattro, cinque a tre. moltiplica $ette per tr&egrave;, ne uiene uen-
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4694 tiuno: &amp; quattro per cinque, ne uiene uenti: al qual numero $i troua e$$er in proportione $e$-
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4695 quiuige$ima il uenti. Dal partire adunque la proportione della maggior di$aguaglianza, per la
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4696 ragione, &amp; proportione della minore, ne na$cer&agrave; la proportione della maggiore, minor dell'una,
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4697 &amp; dell'altra. Il $imile $i deue giudicare delle di$$imiglianti proportioni, che $ono della di$agua-
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4698 glianza dal minore: percioche ne na$cer&agrave; proportione della minor di$aguaglianza, parimente mi
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4699 nore dell'una, &amp; dell'altra: ma $e amendue $aranno o della maggiore, o della minore di$agua
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4700 glianza, &amp; tra $e $imiglianti, cio&egrave; $e la propo$ta proportione $i partir&agrave; per $e $te$$a, ne ri-
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4701 $ulter&agrave; la ragione dell'ag guaglianza: &amp; in $omma $e una $ar&agrave; della maggiore, &amp; l'altra
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4702 della minore di$aguaglianza, $i produrr&agrave; una proportione, che hauer&agrave; piu in que$ta par-
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4703 te dell i proportione, che $i deue partire, che di quella, che parte, &amp; $ar&agrave; quella, che
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4704 $i e$prime per lo numero maggiore. Et tanto uoglio, che detto $ia dello accre$cere, $cemare,
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4705 o partire delle proportioni. Re$ta che noi portamo inanzi quello, che piu importa, &amp; &egrave; co-
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4706 $a mirabile per $apere delle $imiglianze delle proportioni, &amp; ci giouer&agrave; nelle co$e ciuili, ne i di
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parents:
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4707 $cor$i della mu$ica, &amp; in molte co$e, che tutto il d&igrave; ci uengono per le mani. Re$umendo
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diff changeset
4708 quello, che detto hauemo $econdo il di$cor$o di Alchindo antiquo autore, che a me non gra-
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diff changeset
4709 uer&agrave; di ponere per maggior intelligenza. primamente adunque egli pone quattro diffini-
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diff changeset
4710 tioni: &amp; $on que$ti, come principij.</I>
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diff changeset
4711 <p><I>Proportione &egrave; $cambieuole habitudine di due quantit&agrave; $otto un'i$te$$o genere.</I>
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diff changeset
4712 <p><I>Quando di due quantit&agrave; compre$e $otto un'i$te$$o genere una parte l'altra, quello che re$ta
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diff changeset
4713 &egrave; la proportione della partita, alla partitrice. &amp; que$to s'&egrave; dichiarito.</I>
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diff changeset
4714 <p><I>La prodottione, ouero la compo$itione d'una proportione con l'altra non &egrave; altro, che la de-
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diff changeset
4715 nominatione e$$er prodotta dalle denominationi. que$to con e$$empij mo$tramo.</I>
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diff changeset
4716 <p><I>L'e$$er diui$a una proportione per un'altra, ouero e$$er $ottratta, non &egrave; altro, che quando la
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diff changeset
4717 denominatione della proportione da e$$er partita, &egrave; diui$a per la denominatione della diuidente. Da
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diff changeset
4718 poi egli pone alcune propo$itioni, che $ono le in$ra$critte.</I>
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diff changeset
4719 <p><I>E la denominatione della proportione di qual ti piace di due e$tremi, $ar&agrave; moltiplicata nel $e
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diff changeset
4720 condo, $i produrr&agrave; il primo. perche $e per la $econda diffinitione partito il primo per lo $econdo,
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diff changeset
4721 ne na$ce il denominatore: adunque moltiplicata la denominatione nel $econdo, ne na$cer&agrave;
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4722 il primo.</I>
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diff changeset
4723 <p><I>La $econda propo$itione &egrave; que$ta. Quando tra due &egrave; interpo$to un mezo, che habbia proportione
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diff changeset
4724 con amendu: a proportione, che hauer&agrave; il primo al terzo, $ar&agrave; compo$ta dalle proportioni, che ha
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diff changeset
4725 il primo al mezo, &amp; il mezo al terzo. $iano tre termini, due, quattro, dodici, &amp; quello di mezo hab
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diff changeset
4726 bia qualche proportione co gli e$tremi: io dico, che la proportione, che &egrave; tra'l primo e'l terzo, &egrave; com
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diff changeset
4727 po$ta della proportione, che ha il primo con quel di mezo, &amp; quello di mezo con il terzo. e$$endo
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diff changeset
4728 adunque tra due, &amp; dodici proportione $e$tupla, dico, che la $e$tupla, &egrave; compo$ta dalla proportio-
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diff changeset
4729 ne, che ha due a quattro, &amp; quattro a dodici. ecco, il denominatore tra due &amp; quattro, &egrave;
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diff changeset
4730 due, dal che &egrave; denominata la doppia, il denominatore tra quattro, &amp; dodici &egrave; tre, dal che &egrave;</I>
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diff changeset
4731 <pb n="104">
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4732 <I>denominata la tripla. $ia dunque due a. quattro b. dodici c. il denominatore tra due &amp; quat
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diff changeset
4733 tro d. tra quattro &amp; dodici e. &amp; il denominatore tra a &amp; c $ia f. perche adunque da
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diff changeset
4734 f. nel c. $i fa a. &amp; da e in c $i fa b. per la prima propo$itione lo f. allo e. &egrave; come lo
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diff changeset
4735 a. al b. &amp; per&ograve; e$$endo il d. il denominatore tra a &amp; b. egli $ar&agrave; il denominatore tra
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diff changeset
4736 f. &amp; e. adunque per la i$te$$a prima propo$itione dal d in e $i fa f. perche adunque la
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diff changeset
4737 denominatione dello a. al c. &egrave; prodotta dalla denominatione del b. al c. ne $egue per la ter
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diff changeset
4738 za diffinitione, che la proportione, che &egrave; tra lo a, &amp; il c. come tra due &amp; dodici, che &egrave; la
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diff changeset
4739 $e$tupla, $ia compo$ta dalla proportione, che &egrave; tra lo a, &amp; b. cio&egrave; tra due, &amp; quattro, che
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diff changeset
4740 &egrave; doppia, &amp; tra b. &amp; c. cio&egrave; quattro &amp; dodici, che &egrave; tripla. adunque da una doppia, &amp;
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4741 da una tripla ne na$ce una $e$tupla. Seguita la terza propo$itione di Alchindo.</I>
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4742 <p><I>Siano quanti mezi $i noglia, dico che la proportione, che &egrave; tra gli estremi, &egrave; compo$ta di
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4743 tutte le proportioni, che hanno i mezi tra $e. Sia tra a, &amp; d. due intermedij b, &amp; c. io di-
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diff changeset
4744 co, che la proportione di a, &agrave; d. &egrave; composta delle proportioni, che $ono tra a, &amp; b. tra
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4745 b, &amp; c. tra c &amp; d. imperoche per la precedente la proportione, che &egrave; tra a, &amp; c. &egrave;
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4746 compo$ta dalla proportione, che &egrave; tra a &amp; b. &amp; tra b &amp; c. ma la proportione che &egrave; tra
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4747 b, &amp; d. &egrave; composta dalla proportione che &egrave; tra b. &amp; c. &amp; c, &amp; d. per la i$te$$a pro-
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diff changeset
4748 po$itione. adonque la proportione, che &egrave; tra a, &amp; d. &egrave; compo$ta di tutte proportioni,
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4749 che $ono tra i mezi. &amp; co$i $i hauer&agrave; a prouare, quando fu$$ero piu mezi. &amp; di $opra
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4750 ne hauemo con gli e$$empi detto a ba$tanza: ma hora $i replica per $eguitar l'ordine di Al-
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4751 chindo, &amp; per e$$ercitio della memoria, in co$a di tantaimportanza.</I>
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4752 <p><I>La quarta &egrave;, che $e alcuna proportione, &egrave; compo$ta di due proportioni, la $ua conuer$a
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4753 &egrave; compo$ta delle conuer$e. $ia la proportione di a, &agrave; b. compo$ta della proportione di c, &agrave;
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4754 d. &amp; di e, &agrave; f. io dico che la proportione di b. ad a. $ar&agrave; compo$ta della proportio-
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parents:
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4755 ne did, &agrave; c. &amp; di f. ad e. perche $iano continuate le proportioni di c, &agrave; d. &amp; die,
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4756 ad f. tra g. h. K. di modo che g. $ia ad h. come c, &agrave; d. &amp; h, &agrave; K. come e. ad
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4757 f. dico, che la proportione tra a, &amp; b. $ar&agrave; compo$ta della proportione di g. ad h. &amp; di
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4758 h. &agrave; K. &amp; per&ograve; per la $econda propo$itione, la proportione di a, &agrave; b.$ar&agrave; come la propor-
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4759 tione di g, &agrave; K. adunque all'incontro la proportione di b ad a. $ar&agrave; come K. &agrave; g. mala pro
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4760 portione di K &agrave; g. per la i$te$$a propo$itione &egrave; fatta dalla proportione di K. ad h. &amp; di h. &agrave;
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4761 g. ma K ad h. &egrave; come f. ad e. &amp; h. &agrave; g. &amp; come d. &agrave; c. adunque b ad a. $ar&agrave; compo-
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diff changeset
4762 $to dalla proportione, che &egrave; tra d &amp; e. &amp; tra f. &amp; e. il che &egrave; lo intento no$tro. Finite le
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diff changeset
4763 diffinitioni, &amp; le propo$itioni, che pone Alchindo, $iuiene alle regole, lequali $ono que$te.</I>
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4764 <p><I>Quando di $ei quantit&agrave; la proportione, che &egrave; tra la prima, &amp; la $econda, &egrave; compo$ta
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4765 della proportione, che ha la terza alla quarta, &amp; la quinta alla $e$ta, $i fanno tre-
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4766 cento, &amp; $e$$anta $pecie di compo$ilioni, di trenta$ei, delle quali $olamente ci potemo
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4767 $eruire. il re$tante &egrave; inutile. &amp; que$to &egrave; manife$to. $e noi ponemo, che la proportio-
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4768 ne, che &egrave; tra a, &amp; b. $ia compo$ta delle proportioni, che $ono tra e, &amp; d. tra e, &amp; f.
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4769 perche e$$endo $ei i termini, $i puo intendere la proportione di due, qual $i uoglia e$$er composta
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4770 di due proportioni, che $iano tra i quattro termini re$tanti. Il che $ar&agrave; dichiarito poter$i fare
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4771 per uia della moltiplicatione. Da que$ti $ei termini uengono trenta $pacij di$tinti. dieci da a. ot-
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4772 to da b. $ei da c. quattro da d. due da e. &amp; niuno da f. perche tutti $ono $tati prima compre$i.
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4773 le quali co$e $ono manife$te dalla $ottopo$ta tauola. doue $ono cinque compartimenti, nel primo
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4774 de i quali &egrave; la comparatione di a. agli altri termini, &amp; de gli altri termini ad a. nel $econdo &egrave;
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4775 la comparatione di b, agli altri, &amp; de gli altri &agrave; b. nel terzo &egrave; la comparatione del e. nel quar
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4776 to di b. nel quinto die. agli altri, &amp; de gli altri a quelli. perche adunque erano $ei termini ri-
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4777 mo$$idue, che faceuano lo $pacio compo$to, i re$tanti $eranno quattro. de i quali ne $aranno uin-
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4778 tiquattro ordini, che fanno $olamente dodici $pacij. &amp; perche questo s'intenda bene $iano ri-
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4779 mo$$i que$ti termini a b. che fanno la proportione dia, &agrave; b. &amp; la conuer$a di b. ad a. re$taran-</I>
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4780 <pb n="105">
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4781 <I>no quattro termini. c.d.e.f. de i quali $aranno uentiquattro ordini. Il numero posto fuori della
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4782 tauola dimo$tra due ordini, che fanno un $olo interuallo, come il numero quinario, che &egrave; po$to</I>
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4783 <fig>
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4784 <I>dentro la tauola, dinota che quel-</I>
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4785 <fig>
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diff changeset
4786 <I>l'ordine, a cui &egrave; prepo$to il deci-
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diff changeset
4787 mo $ettimo, non compone $pacio
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4788 diuer$o da quello, che compone
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diff changeset
4789 il quinto, perche $i compone la
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diff changeset
4790 i$te$$a proportione che &egrave; tra d. &amp;
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diff changeset
4791 e. &amp; trac. &amp; f. dinotata per lo
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diff changeset
4792 decimo $ettimo modo. &amp; di quel-
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diff changeset
4793 la, che &egrave; tra c. &amp; f. &amp; trad. &amp;
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diff changeset
4794 e. laqual pretende il quinto.
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diff changeset
4795 Adunque per li numeri e$trin$e-
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4796 chi $i dinota, che que$ti ordini,
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diff changeset
4797 quanto alla compo$itione delle
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diff changeset
4798 proportioni $ono geminati, cio&egrave;
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4799 il terzodecimo. il quartodecimo,
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diff changeset
4800 il quintodecimo, &amp; co$i $eguitan
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diff changeset
4801 do fin al uente$imo quarto, il qua
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4802 le anche ui s'include. la propor-
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4803 tione adunque, che tra a. &amp; b.
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4804 &amp; la $ua conuer$a tra b. &amp; a. $i
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diff changeset
4805 puo intendere, che $ia compo$ta
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4806 di dodici proportioni, tra quat-
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4807 tro termini c. d. e. f. &amp; co$i cia-
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diff changeset
4808 $cuna delle predette. E$$endo adunque trenta quelle che $ipo$$ono componere, tutte le combina-
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diff changeset
4809 tioni $aranno trenta fiate dodici, che $ommano trecento &amp; $e$$anta. Ma di tutte que$te, posto,
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diff changeset
4810 che laproportione, che &egrave; tra a. &amp; b. $ia compo$ta delle proportioni, che$ono: tra c. &amp; d. &amp; e.
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4811 &amp; f. $i dimo$tra, che $ole trenta $ei $ono utili. Ma le altre non tenere: &amp; ci potr&agrave; ba$tare di
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diff changeset
4812 e$ponerne quindici nella tauola, e$$endone quindici di quelle conuer-</I>
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4813 <fig>
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4814 <I>$e, &amp; noi per la quarta propo$itione hauemo dimo$trato, che ogni
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4815 proportione conuer$a, $i fa dalle conuer$e di quelle proportioni, del-
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diff changeset
4816 lequali &egrave; compo$ta la principale. come $e la proportione, che &egrave; tra a.
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4817 &amp; b. &egrave; compo$ta dalle proportioni che $ono tra c. &amp; d. &amp; tra e. &amp; f.
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4818 anche la conuer$a, cio&egrave; la proportione, che &egrave; tra b, &amp; a. &egrave; compo$ta
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4819 dalle proportioni, che $ono tra. c. &amp; d. et tra f. et e. et per&ograve; e$po$te
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4820 che $aranno quindici di quelle, le altre quindici $aranno manife$te.
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diff changeset
4821 E$poneremo adunque le quindici po$te nella tauola. dellequali di nece$-
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4822 $it&agrave; noue $aranno compo$te di due proportioni tra'l re$tante di quattro
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4823 termini. ma le altre $ei non hanno que$ta nece$$it&agrave;. et quella, che $i
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4824 compone &egrave; manife$ta per la tauola, come anche &egrave; manife$ta quella, che
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4825 non $i compone.</I>
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4826 <p><I>Ogni proportione adunque, laquale entra in compo$itione, a due
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4827 modi $i compone $olamente: cio&egrave; dalla proportione del terzo al quar-
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4828 to, et del quinto al $e$to, et $imilmente dalla proportione del terzo al
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4829 $e$to, et del quinto al quarto. per il che e$$endone noue compo$te $i fa-
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4830 ranno diciotto compo$itioni, et altre tante delle loro conuer$e. Tren-
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4831 ta $ei adunque $aranno i modi utili. Ma quelle, che non $i compongo-</I>
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4832 <foot><I>O</I></foot>
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4833 <pb n="106">
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4834 <fig>
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4835 <I>no $ono $ei, et le loro conuer$e $ei, per&ograve; dodici $ono inutili. Adunque
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4836 tutti i modi $i utili, come inutili $ono quaranta otto. Soppo$to
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4837 adunque il primo modo, cio&egrave; che la proportione che &egrave; tra a el b. $ia
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parents:
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4838 composta delle proportioni che $ono tra c, et d. et tra e, et f. io dimo-
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parents:
diff changeset
4839 strer&ograve; il $econdo, che &egrave; compo$to della i$te$$a, che &egrave; trac. et. f. et tra,
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4840 e. et d. percheio poner&ograve; tra c, et f. la proportione did, et e. doue la
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diff changeset
4841 proportione tra c, et f. $ar&agrave; compo$ta delle proportioni, che $ono tra
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4842 c, &amp; d. &amp; tra d, &amp; c. &amp; trae. &amp; f. perilche ne $eguita, che le pro-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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4843 portioni che $ono tra e, &amp; f. &amp; tra e, &amp; d. $aranno composte delle
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parents:
diff changeset
4844 proportioni che $ono trac, &amp; d. tra d, &amp; e. &amp; tra e. &amp; f. &amp; trae.
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4845 &amp; d. Male proportioni che $ono tra c, &amp; d. trad. &amp; e. et tra e. et
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4846 d. compongono quella, che &egrave; tra e. et d. per la terza propo$itio-
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4847 ne. po$ti d, et c. tra c. et d. adunque e. &agrave; d. et c. ad f. $ono $i come c.
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4848 &agrave; d. et a. ad f. ma la proportione, che &egrave; tra a. et b. &egrave; compo$ta delle
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parents:
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4849 proportioni che $ono tra e. et d. et tra e, et f. adunque la proportione
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parents:
diff changeset
4850 tra a, et b. $ar&agrave; composta delle proportioni, che $ono tra c. &amp; f. et
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
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4851 tra e. et d. che $ono le po$te nella conclu$ione.</I>
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parents:
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4852 <p><I>Il terzo modo &egrave;, che anche la proportione tra a, et c. $ar&agrave; compo$ta della proportione di b, &agrave;
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4853 d. et di c. ad f. ilche &egrave; manife$to, perche po$to b. tra a. et c. la proportione che &egrave; tra a. et c. $ar&agrave;
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4854 compo$ta da quella, che &egrave; tra a. et b. tra b. et c. ma la proportione, che &egrave; tra a, et b. $i compo-
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parents:
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4855 ne di c. et d. et di e. et f. $econdo il $uppo$to da noi. adunque a, &agrave; c. &egrave; fa ta di b. et c. et
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4856 et di c. et d. et die, et f. ma b, &agrave; c. et c. &agrave; d. compongono la b. &agrave; d. trapo$to il c. tra b. et e.
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4857 Adunque la proportione, che &egrave; tra a, et c. &egrave; compo$ta di b. et d. et di e. et f.</I>
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4858 <p><I>Il quarto modo procede dal terzo, $i come il $econdo dal primo. po$ti tra b, &amp; f. commune-
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4859 mente d. &amp; e. &amp; co$i tutti i modi pari, con i loro di$pari $i collegano, per i$chifare il repetere
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4860 la i$te$$a uia.</I>
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diff changeset
4861 <p><I>Il quinto modo &egrave; che la proportione di a, ad e. &egrave; compo$ta di b, ad f. &amp; di c. &agrave; d. perche po-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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4862 $to b. tra a, &amp; e. $i fa l'argomento del terzo. perche lo a. ad e. &egrave; compo$to dello a. al b. &amp; del b.
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4863 allo e. ma lo a. al b. &egrave; compo$to dell' e. al f. &amp; del c. al d. perche co$i hauemo po$to. adunque a,
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4864 ad e. $i compone di b. &agrave; c. &amp; die. ad f. &amp; dic. &agrave; d. ma b. ad e. &amp; e. ad f. compongono b. ad f. tra-
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4865 po$to e. tra b, &amp; f. adunque la proportione tra a. &amp; e. &egrave; compo$ta delle proportioni, che $ono
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parents:
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4866 tra b. &amp; f. &amp; tra c, &amp; d.</I>
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diff changeset
4867 <p><I>Il $e$to modo $i caua dal quinto, per lo argomento del $econdo, trapo$to f. &amp; c. tra b. &amp; d.</I>
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diff changeset
4868 <p><I>Il $ettimo compone la proportione di b, &agrave; d. delle proportioni di &agrave;. a c. &amp; di f. ad e. perche
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diff changeset
4869 e$$endo compo$to a. b. di c. &agrave; d. &amp; die. ad f. ne $egue per la quarta proportione, che la proportio-
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diff changeset
4870 ne tra b, &amp; a. $ar&agrave; compo$ta di d. &amp; c. &amp; di f. &amp; e. po$to adunque a. tra b. &amp; d. la proportio-
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parents:
diff changeset
4871 ne, che &egrave; tra b, &amp; d. $ar&agrave; fatta di b. &amp; a. &amp; di a, &amp; d. ma b, &amp; a. &egrave; compo$to di d. &amp; c. et di f.
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parents:
diff changeset
4872 &amp; e. adunque la proportione di b. &agrave; d. $ar&agrave; compo$ta di tre proportioni. cio&egrave; di a, &agrave; d. di d, &agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
4873 c. &amp; di f. ad e. Ma la a, &agrave; d. &amp; la d. &agrave; c. compongono quella, che &egrave; tra a. &amp; c. trappo$to
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parents:
diff changeset
4874 d. tra a, &amp; c. adunque la proportione di b. &agrave; d. $ar&agrave; composta delle proportioni di a, &agrave; c. &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
4875 di f. ad e. ilche era il propo$ito.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
4876 <p><I>L'ottauo modo. $i come pre$upo$to il primo $i caua il $econdo, co$i per lo i$te$$o argomento
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parents:
diff changeset
4877 $i caua l'ottauo i $uppo$ti, &amp; prouati ne i precedenti, posto in mezo di a. &amp; e. e. &amp; f.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
4878 <p><I>Il nono. $imilmente la proportione di b, ad e. $ar&agrave; compo$ta delle proportioni di a. ad e. &amp; di
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parents:
diff changeset
4879 d. &agrave; c. perche b ad a, &egrave; compo$to di d. &agrave; c. &amp; di f. ad e. trapposto a. tra b. &amp; f. $ar&agrave; la pro-
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parents:
diff changeset
4880 portione tra b, &amp; f. compo$ta di b. ad a. &amp; di a. ad f. &amp; per&ograve; b, ad f. $ar&agrave; compo$ta di a. ad f.
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parents:
diff changeset
4881 &amp; di f. ad e. &amp; di d. &agrave; c. ma a. ad f. &amp; f. ad e. compongono a. ad e. adunque b. &amp; f. &egrave; com-
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parents:
diff changeset
4882 po$ta di a. &amp; e. &amp; di d. &amp; c.</I>
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diff changeset
4883 <pb n="107">
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parents:
diff changeset
4884 <p><I>Il decimo. con l'argomento del $econdo procede dalle co$e prouate nel precedente, trappo$to,
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parents:
diff changeset
4885 e, &amp; d. tra a. &amp; c.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
4886 <p><I>L'undecimo. egli $i compone c. &agrave; d. di a. &amp; b. &amp; di f. &amp; c. perche per la terza. a. &amp; c. &egrave;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4887 fatta di b. &amp; d. &amp; di e. &amp; f. $i componer&agrave; la c. ad a. di d. &agrave; b. &amp; di f. ad e. po$to adunque a tra
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parents:
diff changeset
4888 c. &amp; d. $ar&agrave; la c. al d. compo$ta dalla a. al d. dalla d. al b. &amp; dalla f. al c. ma la a. al d. &amp; la d.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4889 al b. compongono la a. al b. adimque la c. &agrave; d. &egrave; compo$ta dal a, &agrave; b, &amp; da f. ad e.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4890 <p><I>Il duodecimo modo $i caua dall'argomento di $opra trapo$to b. &amp; f. tra a. &amp; e.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4891 <p><I>Il terzo decimo &egrave; $imilmente, che la proportione tra c. &amp; f. &egrave; compo$ta dalle proportioni tra
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parents:
diff changeset
4892 a. &amp; b. tra d. &amp; c. posto d. &amp; c. tra e. &amp; f. $ar&agrave; composta la c. &amp; la. f. dalla. c. al d. &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4893 dalla d, al e. &amp; dall' e. al f. ma. c. d. &amp; e f. compongono a. b. adunque la c f. &egrave; compo$ta da
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4894 a b. &amp; da d e.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
4895 <p><I>Il quartodecimo $i caua dal precedente, come il $econdo dal primo trapo$to b. &amp; d.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4896 tra a. &amp; e.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
4897 <p><I>Il quintodecimo &egrave;, che anche d e, &egrave; composta da b a, &amp; da c. f. perche po$to c. &amp; f. tra d.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4898 &amp; e. la d. e. $ar&agrave; composta da d. c. ad c. f. &amp; da f. a. ma la d. al c. &amp; la f. all'e. compongono
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
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4899 la b. a. perche le conuer$e compongono la a. b. per la $oppo$itione adunque d. e. &egrave; compo$ta di
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parents:
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4900 b. ad a. &amp; di c. ad f.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4901 <p><I>Il $e$todecimo con l'argomento del $econdo &egrave; dedutto dal precedente. trapo$to a. &amp; c.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4902 tra b. &amp; f.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
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4903 <p><I>Il decimo $ettimo modo &egrave;, che e. f. $i compone di a. b. &amp; di d. c. percioche per la conuer$a del
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4904 quinto modo c. a. $i fa di f. b. &amp; di d. c. il re$to $i ordina, come s'&egrave; fatto nella prima deduttione
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parents:
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4905 dell'undecimo modo.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
4906 <p><I>Il decimo ottauo con l'argomento del $econdo $i caua dal precedente b. et d. trapo$ti tra e. et c.</I>
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4907 <p><I>Voglio, che fin qui $ia detto a ba$tanza per dare alquanto di luce alle co$e di Alchindo: &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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4908 qui $otto cauarne una belli$$ima propo$itione, che ne contiene dice$ette utili$$ime da e$$er da ogni
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diff changeset
4909 $orte di per$one studio$e e$$ercitate, &amp; $ono que$te, lequali $i $erueno a ritrouare qualunque nu-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4910 mero di quelli $ei, ci fu$$e ignoto.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
4911 <p><I>Se la proportione che &egrave; tra'l primo e'l $econdo, &egrave; compo$ta delle proportioni, che $ono tra'l
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4912 terzo, e'l quarto, &amp; tra'l quinto, e'l$e$to: la i$te$$a $ar&agrave; compo$ta dalle proportioni, che $ono,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4913 tra'l terzo, e'l $e$to, &amp; tra'l quinto, e'l quarto. Ecco ne i numeri lo e$$empio. 1. 2. 3. 4.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
4914 6. 9. dalla $otto $e$quiterza, che &egrave; tra tre, &amp; quattro, &amp; dalla $otto $e$quialtera, che &egrave; tra
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4915 $ei, &amp; noue, ne na$ce la $ottodoppia che &egrave; tra uno, &amp; due. io dico che la i$te$$a $ottodoppia na-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4916 $cer&agrave; dalle proportioni, che $ono tra il terzo, &amp; il $e$to, cio&egrave; tra tre &amp; noue, che $ono in propor-
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parents:
diff changeset
4917 tione $otto tripla. &amp; dalla proportione, che &egrave; tra'l quinto e'l quarto, che $ono $ei, &amp; quattro, do-
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parents:
diff changeset
4918 ue &egrave; la proportion $e$quialtera, perche da una $ottotripla, &amp; da una $e$quialtera, ne na$ce una
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parents:
diff changeset
4919 $ottodoppia, come &egrave; tra uno, &amp; due.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4920 <p><I>Similmente $e la proportione del primo al terzo, $ar&agrave; compo$ta delle proportioni del $econdo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4921 al quarto, et del quinto al $e$to. come la proportione dell'uno al tre, che &egrave; $ottotr pla, &egrave; compo-
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parents:
diff changeset
4922 $ta delle proportioni del due al quattro, che &egrave; $ottodoppia, et del $ei al noue, che &egrave; $otto$e$quial-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4923 tera, ne na$ce una $otto tripla.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
4924 <p><I>Parimente, $e la proportione del primo al quinto, cio&egrave; dall'uno al $ei che &egrave; $otto $e$cupla, $ar&agrave;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4925 fatta delle proportioni del $econdo al $e$to, che &egrave; dal due, al noue, che &egrave; proportione $ottoqua-
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parents:
diff changeset
4926 drupla $e$quialtera, et dal terzo, al quarto, che $on tre, et quattro, doue cade proportione $ot-
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parents:
diff changeset
4927 to$e$quiterza, la i$te$$a uenir&agrave;, dal $econdo al quarto, che &egrave; tra due, et quattro, doue &egrave; propor-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
4928 tione $ottodoppia, et dal terzo al $e$to, come da tre a noue, doue cade proportione $ottotripla;
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parents:
diff changeset
4929 perche ne na$cer&agrave; una $otto$e$cupla.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
4930 <p><I>Co$i anche, $e la proportione, che &egrave; del $econdo al quarto, che &egrave; $atto doppia, come &egrave; da uno
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parents:
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4931 a quattro, na$cer&agrave; dalla proportion del primo al terzo, che &egrave; $otto tripla, come da uno a tre, &amp;</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
4932 <foot><I>O</I> 2</foot>
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parents:
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4933 <pb n="108">
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4934 <I>dalla proportione del $e$to al quinto, come &egrave; da noue a $ei, doue cade proportion $e$quialtera, per
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parents:
diff changeset
4935 che da una $ottotripla, &amp; da una $e$quialtera ne na$ce una $ottodoppia, la i$te$$a proportione na
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parents:
diff changeset
4936 $cer&agrave; dal primo al quinto, che &egrave; da uno &agrave; $ei, doue cade proportione $otto$e$cupla, &amp; dal $e$to al
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parents:
diff changeset
4937 terzo come da noue a tre, doue cade la tripla; perche da una $otto$e$cupla, &amp; da una tripla ne
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parents:
diff changeset
4938 na$ce una $ottodoppia, come &egrave; da due a quattro.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
4939 <p><I>Similmente $e la proportione, che ha il $econdo al $e$to, come tra due, &amp; noue, doue cade
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parents:
diff changeset
4940 proportione $ottoquadrupla $e$quialtera, na$ce dalla proportione del primo al qumto, come da
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diff changeset
4941 uno a $ei, doue &egrave; proportione $otto$e$cupla, &amp; dal quarto al terzo, come &egrave; da quattro a tre, do-
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diff changeset
4942 ue &egrave; proportione $e$quiterza, la i$te$$a proportione $ottoquadrupla $e$quialtera na$cer&agrave; dalla pro-
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diff changeset
4943 portione del primo al terzo, cio&egrave; da uno a tre, doue &egrave; proportione $ottotripla, &amp; dal quarto al
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diff changeset
4944 quinto, come da quattro a $ei, doue &egrave; proportione $otto$e$quialtera, perche da una $ottotripla,
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4945 &amp; da una $otto$e$quialtera ne uiene una $ottoquadrupla $e$quialtera.</I>
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diff changeset
4946 <p><I>Similmente $e la proportion del terzo al quarto come &egrave; da tre a quattro, doue cade proportione
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diff changeset
4947 $otto$e$quiterza na$cer&agrave; dalla proportione del primo al $econdo, come da uno a due, doue cade
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diff changeset
4948 proportione $ottodoppia, &amp; dal $e$to al quinto come da noue a $ei, doue cade proportione $e$qui-
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diff changeset
4949 altera, la i$te$$a proportione na$cer&agrave; dalla proportione, che &egrave; tra'l primo, e'l quinto, che &egrave; uno
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diff changeset
4950 &amp; $ei, doue cade proportione $otto$e$cupla, &amp; dal $e$to al $econdo, come &egrave; da noue a due, doue ca
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diff changeset
4951 de proportione quadrupla $e$quialtera, perche da una $otto$e$cupla, &amp; da una quadrupla $e$-
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4952 quialtera, ne na$ce una $otto$e$quiterza.</I>
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diff changeset
4953 <p><I>Oltra di que$to $e la proportione, che &egrave; tra'l terzo, &amp; il$e$to, che &egrave; $ottotripla, come da tre a
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diff changeset
4954 noue, na$ce dalla proportione del primo al $econdo, come da uno a due, che &egrave; $ottodoppia, &amp;
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diff changeset
4955 dal quarto al quinto, che &egrave; $otto$e$quialtera, come tra quattro &amp; $ei, la i$te$$a na$cer&agrave; dal pri-
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diff changeset
4956 mo al quinto, come da uno a $ei, doue cade la $otto$e$cupla, &amp; dal quarto al $econdo, come da
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4957 quattro &amp; due, doue cade la $ottodoppia, perche da una $ottodoppia, &amp; da una $otto$e$quiter-
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4958 zane uiene la $ottotripla.</I>
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diff changeset
4959 <p><I>Di nuouo $e la proportione del quarto al quinto, cio&egrave; del quattro al $ei, doue &egrave; la $otto$e$qui-
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4960 altera, &egrave; compo$ta del $econdo al primo, cio del due all'uno, doue cade la doppia, &amp; del terzo
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4961 al $esto, come del tre al noue, doue cade la $ottotripla, la i$te$$a $otto$e$quialtera na$cer&agrave; dalla
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diff changeset
4962 proportione del $econdo al $e$to, &amp; del terzo al primo.</I>
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diff changeset
4963 <p><I>Finalmente $e la proportione, che &egrave; del quinto al $e$to, come &egrave; tra $ei, &amp; noue, doue cade la
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4964 $otto$e$quialtera, na$cer&agrave; dalle proportioni, del primo al $econdo, come da uno a due, doue ca-
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parents:
diff changeset
4965 de la $ottodoppia, &amp; dal quarto al terzo, doue cade la $e$quiterza, la i$te$$a na$cer&agrave; da quella,
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diff changeset
4966 che &egrave; dal primo al terzo, che &egrave; $ottotripla, come da uno a tre, &amp; da quella, che &egrave; dal quarto al
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4967 $econdo, che &egrave; la doppia, come da quattro a due, &amp; tanto $ia detto delle proportioni, &amp; delle lo
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4968 rogenerationi, &amp; ri$petti: le quali co$e diligentemente e$$aminate, e$$ercitate, po$te a memoria
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4969 applicate alle $cienze, &amp; alle pratiche, faranno pareregli huomini miracolo$i. Ma tempo &egrave;,
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4970 che a$coltiamo Vitruuio.</I>
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4971 <HEAD><I>Delle compo$itioni, &amp; compartimenti de i tempij.</I></HEAD>
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4972 <HEAD><I>Et della mi$ura del corpo humano.</I></HEAD>
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4973 <HEAD><I>Cap. I.</I></HEAD>
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4974 <p>LA compo$itione delle $acre ca$e &egrave; fatta di compartimento, la cui ragione deue
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4975 e$$er con $omma diligenza da gli Architetti cono$ciuta. il compartimento $i
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4976 piglia dalla proportione, che Grecamente &egrave; detta analogia. La proportio-
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4977 ne &egrave; conuenienza di moduli, &amp; di mi$ure in ogni opera s&igrave; della rata parte de
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4978 <pb n="109">
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4979 i membri, come del tutto, dalla quale procede la ragione de i compartimenti.
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4980 <p><I>La $omma di tutto quello, che dice Vitr. cerca le fabriche pertinenti alla religione &egrave;, che pri-
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4981 ma egli dimo$tra la nece$$it&agrave; di cono$cer la forza delle proportioni, &amp; delle commen$urationi,
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4982 che $i chiamano $immetrie da greci. dapoi dichiara donde &egrave; $tata pre$a la ragione delle mi$ure,
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4983 &amp; tratta della compo$itione de i Tempij, &amp; con$idera prima tutto quello, che $i rappre$enta di
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4984 fuori, &amp; da lunge allo a$petto da diuer$e figure, &amp; forme di tempij, &amp; in que$ta parte tocca
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4985 cinque maniere di Tempij, con le ragioni di cia$cuna, &amp; dichiara il modo di fondare, l'ornamen
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4986 to delle colonne, de i capitelli, de gli architraui, de i coperti, &amp; fronti$picij, &amp; altre co$e perti-
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4987 nenti a quello, che $i uede di fuori, come $ono gradi, poggi, piedistali, $porti, ra$tremamenti,
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4988 gonfiature, aggiunte, canalature, &amp; $imili co$e, $econdo i generi delle fabriche. Viene poi al-
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4989 le parti di dentro, &amp; di$tintamente ragiona delle mi$ure, lunghezze, larghezze, &amp; altezze de
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4990 i Tempij, delle celle, de gli antitempij, de gli altari, delle porte, &amp; di tutti gli ornamenti che
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4991 conuengono alle predette parti: la onde niente la$cia al de$iderio nostro, conchiudendo tutta la
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4992 pre$ente materia, nel terzo, &amp; nel quarto libro. Dice adunque, che per edificare i Tempij bi-
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4993 $ogna cono$cere la ragione del compartimento, &amp; que$to douer e$$ere con $omma diligenza da gli
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4994 Architetti cono$ciuto. Di questo la ragione &egrave; in pronto: perche, $e bene ogni fabrica deue e$$er
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4995 conragione compartita, &amp; mi$urata, nientedimeno con$iderando noi quanto la diuinit&agrave; eccede la
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4996 humanit&agrave;, meritamente douemo, quanto $i puo di bello, &amp; diraro, $empre mai operare, per ho
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4997 nore, &amp; o$$eruanza delle co$e diume. &amp; perche di diuina qualit&agrave; participa in terra l'humana
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4998 mente, per&ograve; douemo con ogni $tudio e$$ercitarla, accioche honoriamo i Dei; che Dei $i chiamano
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4999 i ueri amici di Dio. ottima co$a &egrave; la ragione nella mente dell'huomo, &amp; que$ta eccellenti$$ima-
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5000 mente $i dimo$tra nelle proportioni. &amp; per&ograve; $e Vitr. ha detto, che la ragione della $immetria,
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5001 che &egrave; corri$pondenza di mi$ure, deue e$$er con grandi$$ima diligentia cono$ciuta da gli Architet-
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5002 ti, egli ha detto co$a ragioneuole, hone$ta, &amp; debita alla diuinit&agrave;. Et $e co$a mortale puo a ba-
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5003 $tanza honorare la immortalit&agrave;, direi anch'io, che le piu pretio$e, &amp; care co$e doueriano e$$er
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5004 $oggetto &amp; materia alle ben proportionate fabriche de i luoghi $acri, accioche, &amp; con la forma,
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5005 &amp; con la materia $i honora$$e quanto piu $i puo, la diuinit&agrave;. Nece$$aria co$a &egrave; dunque la $im-
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5006 metria alla compo$itione de i Tempij. la $immetria &egrave; diffinita da Vitr. in que$to luogo $econdo l'ap
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5007 plicatione all' Architettura; ma noi di $opra l'hauemo diffinita $econdo la raccommunanza, &amp;
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5008 uniuer$alit&agrave; di quel nome. Dice adunque Vitr. che la proportione, la quale &egrave; detta analogia da
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5009 Greci, &egrave; una con$onanza, &amp; ri$pondenza delle mi$ure delle parti tra $e $te$$e, &amp; col tutto
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5010 in ogni opera, che $i fa, &amp; que$ta con$onanza, egli chiama commodulatione, percio-
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5011 che modulo &egrave; detta quella mi$ura, che $i piglia prima, con la quale $i mi$urano le par-
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5012 ti, &amp; il tutto; &amp; per&ograve; proportione nelle fabriche altro non &egrave;, che comparatione de'
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5013 moduli, &amp; di mi$ure in quello, in che conuengono, et le parti in$ieme delle fabriche, o il tutto
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5014 unitamente con le parti. Questo gi&agrave; &egrave; $tato da noi copio$amente dimo$trato nel primo libro. pe-
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5015 r&ograve; $eguitando Vitruuio $i dichiara da quale e$$empio di natura &egrave; stata pigliata la ragione
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5016 delle mi$ure.</I>
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5017 <p>Perche non puo fabrica alcuna $enza mi$ura, &amp; proportione hauer ragione di compo
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diff changeset
5018 nimento, $e prima non hauer&agrave; ri$petto, &amp; con$ideratione, $opra la uera, &amp; certa ra-
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diff changeset
5019 gione de i membri dell'huomo ben proportionato, perche la natura in tal modo ha com
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diff changeset
5020 po$to il corpo dell'huomo, che l'o$$o del capo dal mento alla $ommit&agrave; della fronte, &amp;
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diff changeset
5021 le ba$$e radici de i capelli, fu$$e la decima parte, &amp; tanto anche fu$$e la palma della mano
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diff changeset
5022 dalla giuntura del nodo, alla cima del dito di mezo, il capo dal mento alla $ommit&agrave; della
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diff changeset
5023 te$ta la ottaua parte, &amp; tanto dal ba$$o del collo. Dalla $ommit&agrave; del petto alle radici de
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diff changeset
5024 i capelli la $e$ta parte, alla $ommit&agrave; della te$ta la quarta. dal fine del mento al fine delle
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parents:
diff changeset
5025 natici &egrave; la terza parte dell'altezza di tutta la faccia, &amp; tanto &egrave; lungo il na$o tutto in fino
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parents:
diff changeset
5026 al mezo del $opraciglio: &amp; tanto anche da quello fino alle radici de i capelli, doue $i fa
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parents:
diff changeset
5027 <pb n="110">
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parents:
diff changeset
5028 la fronte. Ma il piede, &egrave; la $e$ta parte dell'altezza del corpo, il cubito la quarta, il petto
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parents:
diff changeset
5029 anche la quarta. &amp; in que$to modo anche gli altri membri hanno le loro conuenienti, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
5030 proportionate mi$ure: le quali da gli antichi pittori, &amp; Statuarij $ono $tate u$ate, &amp; pe
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parents:
diff changeset
5031 r&ograve; hanno riportato grandi &amp; infinite lodi.
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parents:
diff changeset
5032 <p><I>La natura mae$tra ci in$egna come hauemo a reggercinel compartimento delle fabriche: impe
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parents:
diff changeset
5033 roche non da altro ella uuole, che impariamo le ragioni delle $immetrie, che nelle fabri-
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parents:
diff changeset
5034 che de i tempij u$ar douemo, che dal $acro tempio fatto ad imagine, &amp; $imiglianza di Dio,
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parents:
diff changeset
5035 che &egrave; l'huomo, nella cui compo$itione tutte le altre merauiglie di natura $ono compre$e. et pe-
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parents:
diff changeset
5036 r&ograve; con $aggio auuedimento tol$ero gli antichi ogni ragione del mi$urare dalle parti del corpo hu
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parents:
diff changeset
5037 mano, doue molto a propo$ito Vitruuio dice, che opera niuna pu&ograve; hauere ragione di componi
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parents:
diff changeset
5038 mento, $e prima non hauer&agrave; riguardo alla $immetria delle membra humane. Io proponer&ograve; al-
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parents:
diff changeset
5039 cune di$tintioni, accioche meglio s'intenda quello, che dice Vitr. Di tre maniere s'intende mi-
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parents:
diff changeset
5040 $ura. Primieramente quando una co$a &egrave; piu per$etta, chele altre $otto un'i$te$$o genere, quel
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parents:
diff changeset
5041 la $i dice mi$ura di perfettione. in que$to modo l'huomo fra tutti gli animali e$$endo il piu perfet-
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parents:
diff changeset
5042 to, $i puo dire, che egli $ia mi$ura di tutti gli animali. chiama$i poi mi$ura d'agguaglianza,
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parents:
diff changeset
5043 quando la mi$ura contiene la co$a mi$urata a punto, come un'orna di uino, $i chiama mi$u-
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parents:
diff changeset
5044 ra, perche tiene a punto tanto uino, quanto cape. In $omma poi chiamamo mi$ura quella quan-
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parents:
diff changeset
5045 tit&agrave;, che pre$a piu fiate mi$ura il tutto, come dicemo la canna mi$urare il panno. Di que$ta noi
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parents:
diff changeset
5046 parlamo, que$ta &egrave; quella, che &egrave; $tata pre$a dalla mi$ura della perfettione, che &egrave; l'huomo, tra gli ani
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parents:
diff changeset
5047 mali, da gli antichi. Onde mi$urare non &egrave; altro, che far manife$ta una quantit&agrave; prima non cono$ciu
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parents:
diff changeset
5048 ta, con una qu&atilde;tit&agrave; certa, et cono$ciuta: et per&ograve; c&omacr;ragione dalle parti dell'huomo $ono $tate piglia-
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parents:
diff changeset
5049 te le mi$ure delle co$e, et le ragioni di quelle mi$ure: et &egrave; ragionenole, che dalla te$ta $i pigli la mi
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parents:
diff changeset
5050 $ura del tutto, e$$endo po$to nella te$ta il ualore di tutti i $entimenti humani, come co$a piu nobi
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parents:
diff changeset
5051 le, et principale, et piu mani$e$ta. Vitruuio uuole, che l'huomo $ia di dieci teste, $e per te$ta
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parents:
diff changeset
5052 egli s'intende dal mento al na$cimento de i capelli: et uuole anche, che $ia di otto te$te, $e per
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parents:
diff changeset
5053 te$ta egli s'intende lo $pacio, che &egrave; dal mento al $ommit&agrave; del capo. Gli antichi oltra la propor
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parents:
diff changeset
5054 tione attendeuano alla gratia per $atisfare allo a$pelto, et per&ograve; faceuano i corpi alquanto gran
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parents:
diff changeset
5055 di, le te$te picciole, la co$cia lunga: nel che era po$to la $ueltezza: parlo hora de i corpi perfet
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parents:
diff changeset
5056 ti: perche altra mi$ura conuiene ad un corpo puerile, altra ad un corpo a$ciutto, o gra$$o, o te-
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parents:
diff changeset
5057 nue, che $i uoglia fignere. Amauano gli antichi $tando nelle mi$ure conuenienti, la lunghezza,
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parents:
diff changeset
5058 et la $ottigliezza di alcune parti: parendo loro di dare non $o che piu di leggiadro allc opere. et
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parents:
diff changeset
5059 per&ograve; $e bene dalla ra$cetta, che &egrave; la piegatura della mano, alla $ommit&agrave; del dito di mezo uole-
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parents:
diff changeset
5060 uano, che tanto fu$$e dal mento alla $ommit&agrave; della fronte, nientedimeno per la detta cagione
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parents:
diff changeset
5061 faceuano la mano, et le dita alquanto piu lunghe. il Filandro auuerti$ce, et bene, che non
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parents:
diff changeset
5062 puo $tare quello, che dice Vitruuio, che il petto $ia la quarta parte; et uuole, che quando
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parents:
diff changeset
5063 Vitruuio d ce, che il cubito $ia la quarta parte, egliintenda non dalla giuntura del comito alla
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parents:
diff changeset
5064 ra$cetta, ma dalla giuntura del comito alla $ommit&agrave; del dito di mezo. Vuole Pomponio Gau
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parents:
diff changeset
5065 rico, che la giu$ta altezza $ia di noue teste. altri alquanto piu. Il Cardano nel libro della
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parents:
diff changeset
5066 $ottilit&agrave; dice. Que$ta e$$er la forma del corpo humano perfetto. la faccia &egrave; la decima ditutta la
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parents:
diff changeset
5067 lunghezza dal na$cimento de i capelli all e$tremo del pollice del piede. la faccia $i diuide in
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parents:
diff changeset
5068 tre parti eguagli, l'una $i fa dalla radice de i capelli alla $ommit&agrave; del na$o: l'altra &egrave; la lun-
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parents:
diff changeset
5069 ghezza del na$o: la terza &egrave; dal fine del na$o al mento. la lunghezza della bocca &egrave; eguale alla
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parents:
diff changeset
5070 lunghezza dell'occhio, et la lunghezza dell'occhio &egrave; quanto lo $pacio da un'occhio all'altro:
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parents:
diff changeset
5071 di modo, che in tre parti $i diuida lo $pacio, che &egrave; dall'uno angulo dell'occhio allo angulo dell'al
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parents:
diff changeset
5072 tro, cio&egrave; due occhi, et lo $pacio, che ui &egrave; di mezo: et tutto que$to &egrave; doppio alla lunghezza del
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parents:
diff changeset
5073 na$o. di modo che la lunghenza dell'occhio, et l'apritura della bocca $ia doppia alla nona par
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parents:
diff changeset
5074 te della lunghezza della faccia, et per que$to adimene, che la lunghezza del na$o $ia $e$quial-
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parents:
diff changeset
5075 tera all'apritura della bocca, et alla lunghezza dell'occhio. laqual lunghezza del na$o e$$en</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
5076 <pb n="111">
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parents:
diff changeset
5077 <I>do tripla allo $pacio, che &egrave; dal na$o alla bocca, ne $egue che que$to $pacio $ar&agrave; la mi$ura del-
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parents:
diff changeset
5078 l'apritura della bocca, et della lunghezza dell'occhio. il circuito della bocca &egrave; doppio alla l&umacr;ghez
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parents:
diff changeset
5079 za del na$o, et triplo all'apritura. Adimque tutta la lunghezza della faccia &egrave; $e$quialtera
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parents:
diff changeset
5080 al circuito della bocca, et allo $pacio, che &egrave; dallo angulo e$teriore d'un occhio, allo angulo
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parents:
diff changeset
5081 e$ter icrc dell'altro: percioche que$to $pacio &egrave; quanto il circuito della bocca. il circuito del na
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parents:
diff changeset
5082 $o da ba$$o, &egrave; pare alla $ua lunghezza. il circuito della orecchia, &egrave; eguale al circuito della
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parents:
diff changeset
5083 bocca. il foro della narice &egrave; la quarta parte della lunghezza dell'occhio. et in tal gui$a &egrave; di-
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parents:
diff changeset
5084 $po$ta la mi$ura del corpo humano, come qui $otto $i uede. La faceia parti diciotto: tra
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parents:
diff changeset
5085 due anguli e$teriori de gli occhi parti dodici: la lunghezza del na$o parti $ei: il circuito da ba$-
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parents:
diff changeset
5086 $o del na$o parti $ei: la lunghezza dell'orecchia parti $ei: dalle radici de' capelli al na$o parti
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parents:
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5087 $ei: dal mento al $ottona$o parti$ei: la lunghezza della bocca parti quattro: la rotondit&agrave; del
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parents:
diff changeset
5088 la bocca parti dodici: dalla cima della te$ta al fine di dietro parti uentiquattro: dalla $ommi-
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parents:
diff changeset
5089 t&agrave; del petto alle $omme radici de i capelli parti trenta: dalla forcella $opra il petto alla cima
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parents:
diff changeset
5090 della te$ta parti trenta $ei: il circuito dell'orecchia parti dodici: la lunghezza dell'occhio parti
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parents:
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5091 quattro: la di$tanza tra l'uno occhio, et l'altro parti quattro: dal $ottona$o alla bocca parti due,
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parents:
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5092 dalla bocca al mento parti quattro: il foro del na$o parte una: l'ambito della fronte di $opra
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parents:
diff changeset
5093 parti diciotto, dalla giontura della mano alla $ommit&agrave; del dito di mezo la palma parti diciotto:
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
5094 dal mento alla $ommit&agrave; della te$ta parti uentiquatro: il piede partiuenti: il cubito parti trenta:
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5095 il petto parti trenta: Tutlo il corpo parti cento et ottanta. Sono anche i ma$chi delle tempie pro-
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5096 portionali alla lunghezza della faccia, et le orecchie al na$o, come hauemo o$$ernato: $imilmen
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5097 te dal nodo della mano alla $ommit&agrave; del dito mezano &egrave; la decima di tutto il corpo: dal mento al-
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5098 la $ommit&agrave; della te$ta, o dalla $ommit&agrave; della te$ta al collo &egrave; il doppio di quello $pacio, che &egrave; dall'an
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5099 gulo, d'un occhio all'angulo d'un'altro, int&emacr;do de gli e$teriori. Dalla forcella $uperiore del petto alle
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5100 radici de i capelli, &amp; al fine della fronte, quanto &egrave; il cubito, ouer la larghezza del petto, cio&egrave; la
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5101 $esta parte della lunghezza ditutto il corpo: la lunghezza del piede &egrave; la nona parte della i$te$-
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5102 $a lunghezza: dalla forcella di $opra del petto alla cima della te$ta, &egrave; la quinta parte di tutta la lun
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5103 ghezza. &amp; il doppio della faccia; Et co$i appre$$o Vitr. non puo $tare la ragione; che la diffe
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diff changeset
5104 renza della ottaua, &amp; della decima parte aggiunta alla $e$ta adempia la quarta del tutto: ma allar:
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5105 gate le mani $i rende a punto l'altezza ditutto il corpo: &amp; allargate le mani, &amp; ipiedi, il bilico $i
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diff changeset
5106 far&agrave; nel mezo, di modo, che dalla prima figura il quadrato; &amp; dalla $econda $i far&agrave; il circolo:
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5107 amendue figure nel $uo genere perfetti$$ime, una di dritte, &amp; l'altra di linea circolare compo$ta.
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5108 &amp; que$to &egrave;, che dice Vitr.</I>
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5109 <p>Simig liantemente le membra de i facri Tempij deono hauere in cia$cuna parte alla $om
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diff changeset
5110 ma uniuer$ale di tutta la grandezza conuenienti$sime ri$pondenze di mi$ure, Appre$$o di
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5111 que$to naturalmente il mezo centro del corpo &egrave; il bilico. imperoche $e l'huomo $te$o, &amp;
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5112 $upino allargher&agrave; le mani, &amp; i piedi, &amp; $ar&agrave; po$ta una punta della $e$ta nel bilico di quel
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5113 lo, girando a torno le dita delle mani, &amp; de i piedi, $aranno toccate dalla linea, che $i gi-
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5114 ra. Et $i come la ritonda figura $i forma nel corpo humano, co$i anche $i truoua la qua-
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5115 drata: imperoche $e dalle ba$$e piante alla $ommit&agrave; del capo $ar&agrave; mi$urato il corpo del-
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5116 l'huomo, &amp; quella mi$ura $ar&agrave; trasferita alle mani allargate, egli $i trouer&agrave; la i$te$$a lar-
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diff changeset
5117 ghezza, come l'altezza, a gui$a de i piani riquadrati. Se adunque la natura ha compo$to
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5118 in que$to modo il corpo dell'huomo, che le membra ri$pondino con proportione alla per
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5119 fetta loro figuratione; pare, che gli anti chi con cau$a habbiano con$tituito, che in tutte
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5120 le perfettioni delle opere ui habbia diligente mi$ura, &amp; proportione di ciafcun membro a
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5121 tutta la figura. Et per&ograve; in$egnando gli ordini in tutte le opere, que$to ne i facri luoghi,
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5122 doue le lodi, &amp; i bia$mi delle opere $tanno eternamente, $opra tutto o$$eruarono.
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5123 <p><I>Non $olamente gli antichi tol$ero le proportioni dal corpo humano, ma anche le mi$ure i$te$-
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diff changeset
5124 $e, &amp; i nomi loro: &amp; per&ograve; hauendo Vitr. conclu$o, che le $immetrie &amp; compartimenti delle ope</I>
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5125 <pb n="112">
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5126 <I>re $ono $tati da i corpi humani, nelle compo$itioni de i Tempij trans$erite: dice anche le mi$ure
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5127 i$te$$e e$$ere $tate pigliate.</I>
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5128 <p>Similmente gli antichi raccol$ero da i membri del corpo le ragioni delle mi$ure, che in
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5129 tutte l'opere pareno e$$er nece$$arie, come il dito, il palmo, il piede, il cubito; &amp; quelle
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5130 di$tribuirono nel numero perfetto, che da i Greci Telion &egrave; detto.
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5131 <p><I>Co$a perfetta &egrave; quella, a cui nulla manca, &amp; niente $e le puo aggiugnere, &amp; che di tutte $ue
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5132 parti &egrave; compo$ta, n&egrave; altro le $opr'auanza: per que$ta ragione il mondo &egrave; perfetto a$$olutamente.
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5133 &amp; molte altre co$e nel loro genere $ono perfette. Ma uedianio noi con che ragione $i chiamino i
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5134 numeri perfetti, &amp; quali $ieno.</I>
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5135 <p>Perfetto numero da gli antichi fu po$to il dieci, perche dalle mani $i caua il numero de
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5136 nario delle dita; dalle dita il palmo; &amp; dal palmo il piede, &amp; $i come nell'una, &amp; l'altra
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5137 mano dalle dita naturalmente &egrave; proceduto il dieci, co$i piacque a Platone, che quel nume
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5138 ro fu$$e perfetto, perche dalle unit&agrave;, che monades Grecamente $i chiamano, &egrave; fornito il
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5139 dieci, che &egrave; la prima croce:il quale poi, che &egrave; fatto undici, ouero dodici, non puo e$$er per
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parents:
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5140 fetto, fin che non peruiene all'altro incrocciamento; perche le unit&agrave; $ono particelle di
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5141 quel numero.
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parents:
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5142 <p><I>Detto hauemo di $opra, che parte uer amente &egrave; quella, che pre$a quante fiate $i puo, compone
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5143 il tutto $enza piu. dal che na$ce la intelligenza di quello, che $i dir&agrave;. Dico adunque, che alcu-
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5144 ni numeri ri$petto alle parti loro, delle quali $ono compo$ti, $i po$$ono chiamare poueri, &amp; dimi-
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parents:
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5145 nuti, altri $uperflui, &amp; ricchi, altri ueramente $officienti, &amp; perfetti. La onde poueri $ono quel
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parents:
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5146 li, le parti de i quali in$ieme raccolte non fanno la $omma del tutto. per e$$empio $ia otto. le par
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5147 ti del quale $ono, uno, due, &amp; quattro, che raccolte in$ieme non fanno otto. Ricchi $ono quel
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parents:
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5148 li, le parti de i quali $ommate fanno $omma maggiore, come dodici le cui parti $ono, uno, due,
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5149 tre, quattro, &amp; $ei, lequali partiraccolte in uno pa$$ano la $omma del tutto, &amp; fanno $edici.
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5150 Perfetti$ono quelli, le parti intiere de quali con la $omma loro rendeno preci$amente il tutto, co-
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5151 me $ei, &amp; uentiotto. ecco uno, due, &amp; tre, che $ono parti del $ei raccolte in$ieme rendeno a pun
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parents:
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5152 to $ei. co$i uno, due, quattro, $ette, &amp; quattordici $ono parti di uentotto, &amp; $ommate in$ieme
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parents:
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5153 fanno uent'otto a punto. La generatione de i numeri perfetti s'intender&agrave;, po$te prima alcune dif
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5154 finitioni. Sono adunque alcuni numeri, ohe $i chiamano parimenti pari, &amp; $on quelli, che e$$endo
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5155 pare la $omma loro, $i diuideno $empre in numero pare fin'all'unit&agrave;, come $arebbe $e$$anta quat-
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parents:
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5156 tro, che &egrave; numero pare, &amp; $i diuide in trentadue, $edici, otto, quattro, due, fin' all'unit&agrave;, in
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5157 numeri pari. Sono anche altri numeri, che $i chiamano primi, &amp; incompo$ti, i quali $ono quel-
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5158 li, che $olo dalla unit&agrave; $ono mi$urati, &amp; non hanno altro numero, che gli parti$ca intieramen-
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5159 te, come tre, cinque, $ette, undici, &amp; altri $imili. La generatione adunque de i numeri perfet-
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parents:
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5160 ti $i fa ponendo a fila per ordine i parimenti pari, &amp; $ommandogli in$ieme: &amp; quando s'incontra
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5161 in una $omma, che multiplicata per quello, che &egrave; ultimo di quella $omma, $i fa il numero perfetto:
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5162 pur che il numero della $omma $ia primo, &amp; incompo$to, altrimenti non riu$cirebbe il numero
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5163 perfetto. Ecco uno, &amp; due fanno tre. E$$endo adunque tre numero primo, &amp; incompo$to egli $i
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5164 moltiplica per due, che era l'ultimo nella $omma, &amp; nel raccoglimento, la doue due fiate tre fan
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5165 no $ei, adunque nella decina $ei &egrave; numero perfetto. Seguita la generatione dell'altro perfetto:
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5166 Ecco, uno, due, &amp; quattro, fanno $ette, che &egrave; numero primo, &amp; incompo$to, moltiplica $ette
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5167 per quattro, $e ne raccoglie uentotto, che &egrave; il $econdo perfetto nel centinaio. Seguita uno, due,
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5168 quattro, otto, che fanno quindici, ma quindici non &egrave; numero primo, &amp; incompo$to, perche &egrave; mi$u
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parents:
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5169 rato oltra la unit&agrave;, anche da altri numeri, come da tre, &amp; cinque, per&ograve; $i pa$$a piu inanzi all'altro
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5170 parimente pare, che &egrave; $edici, que$ti aggiunto al quindici fa trent'uno, il quale e$$endo numero
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5171 primo, &amp; incompo$to, $e $ar&agrave; moltiplicato per $edici, che era l'ultimo della $omma, far&agrave; quat
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5172 trocento &amp; nonanta $ei, che $ara il numero per$etto nel millenario. con la i$te$$a ragione $i fan
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5173 no gli altri perfetti, i quali $ono rari, perche rare $ono le co$e perfette. Hanno i numeri perfetti</I>
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5174 <pb n="113">
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diff changeset
5175 <I>que$ta proprieta, che le loro terminationi, $ono denominate dal $ei, &amp; dall'otto: ma a uicenda.
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5176 come, $ei, uent'otto, quattrocento nouanta $ei, ottomila cento, &amp; uent'otto. &amp; que$ta regola
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5177 &egrave; certa. Ma perche cagione il numero ternario, &amp; il numero denario $iano $tati chiamati per-
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5178 fetti, io dir&ograve;. &amp; prima il tre &egrave; $tato detto perfetto, perche abbraccia prima il numero pare &amp;
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5179 di$pare, che $ono le due principali differenze de i numeri. Il dieci &egrave; stato giudicato perfetto, per
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5180 che fini$ce, &amp; termina come forma tutti gli altrinumeri: &amp; per&ograve; Vitruuio ha detto che come
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5181 $i pa$$a il dieci, bi$ogna ritornare alla unit&agrave;, n&egrave; $i troua il perfetto, fin' all'altro incrocciamen-
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5182 to, che egli chiama, decu$im, che $i fa in forma della lettera X. Ma il $enario &egrave; ueramente per-
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5183 fetto per le dette ragioni. gli altri $ono chiamati perfetti $econdo alcune relationi, &amp; ri$petti.</I>
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5184 <p>Ma i mathematici di$putando contra la $opra detta opinione, di$$ero che il $ei era per-
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5185 fetto, per que$ta cagione, percioche quel numero ha $econdo le loro ragioni, le parti con
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5186 uenienti al numero di $ei. <I>Cio&egrave; $econdo le ragioni de gli i$te$$i Mathematici, i quali uoglio-
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5187 no, che quel numero $ia perfetio, che na$ce a punto dalla $omma'delle $ue parti. La onde Vitr. di-
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5188 ce; percioche per le loro ragioni quel numero ha le parti conuenienti al numero di $ei, perche rac
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5189 colte in$ieme fanno $ei a punto.</I>
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5190 <p>Et per que$to chiamarono l'una parte del $ei $e$tante, le', due triente, le tre' $emi$$e, le
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5191 quattro be$$e, detto dimerone, le cinque quintario, che pendamerone $i chiama, &amp; il
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5192 $ei perfetto.
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5193 <p><I>Soleuano gli antichi chiamare a<02>e ogni co$a intiera (come s'&egrave; detto nel primo libro) &amp; parti-
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5194 re quella nelle $ue parti, &amp; come quegli, che felicemente interpretauano le co$e de Greci, ragio
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5195 nauano molto propriamente. Volleno adunque gli antichi mo<02>i dalla ragione, che $ei fu$$e nume
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5196 ro perfetto, &amp; lo chiamarono a<02>e. Que$ti hauendo le $ue parti, ci dimo$traua per lo nome loro,
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5197 quali fu<02>ero: &amp; per&ograve; uno $i chiamaua Se$tante, perche &egrave; la $e$ta parte di $ei: le due triente, per
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5198 che due era la terza parte: le tre $emi<02>e, qua$i uoglia dire, mezo a$$e: il quarto be<02>e, perche
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5199 lieua due parti dal tutto; &amp; in Greco $i dice dimerone: il cinque quintario, che pentimerone $i
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5200 chiama: &amp; il $ei perfetto. Ma poi che $opra il numero perfetto $i pone la unit&agrave;, gia $i comincia
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5201 araddoppiare l'altro a$$e, per uenire al dodici; che A<02>e doppio $i puo dire; poi che in greco di-
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5202 pla$iona $i chiama. le $ette parti $i dicono Ephecton qua$i $opra aggiunta del $ei. le otto $i chia-
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5203 mano tertiario, perche oltra $ei ne d&agrave; due, che &egrave; la terza parte di $ei: &amp; per&ograve; in Greco $ono det-
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5204 te Epitritos, cio&egrave;, che $oppraggiugne la terza parte al $ei. noue &egrave; detto $e$quialtero, &amp; homio-
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5205 lio, perche noue contiene $ei una uolta &amp; meza. ma fatto dieci, egli $i chiama bes alterum, cioe
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5206 l'altro bes, perche il primo (come dicemmo) era quattro, &amp; chiamaua$i dimerone, qua$i di due
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5207 parti; &amp; per&ograve; que$ti $i chiama Epidimerone come egli aggiugna al $ei due parti. Similmente Epi
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5208 pentamerone $i chiama l'undici, che &egrave; il $opragionto quintario, &amp; in que$to modo $i chiamano
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5209 le parti de i numeri $econdo diuer$i ri$petti. &amp; que$to ha uoluto Vitr. doue pare, che egli habbia
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5210 uoluto, che $ei $ia numero perfetto, per la i$te$$a ragione, che dieci &egrave; perfetto: cio&egrave; perche giun-
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5211 ti a dieci, tornamo da capo all' unit&agrave;, fin che $i torni all' altra decina: che $i fa con due croci. co$i
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5212 anche gionti al $ei da i Mathematici $i ritorna a gli i$te$$i nomi, fin all' altro a$$e che &egrave; dodici. Ma
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5213 bene ha accennato Vitr. la ragione che hauemo detto, per la quale $ei $i chiama perfetto. quan-
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5214 do di$$e</I> {<I>per le ragioni loro, quel numero ha le parti conuenienti al numero di $ei</I>} <I>perche po$te in
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5215 $ieme le parti numer anti, &amp; moltiplicanti il $ei, lo rendeno a punto. &amp; quando Vitr. di$$e,</I> {<I>Et
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5216 per que$to chiamarono l'una parte del $ei $e$tante.</I>} <I>Non uuole rendere la ragione perche $ei $ia
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5217 perfetto, ma uuole dimo$trare, che e$$endo perfetto; per la antedetta ragione i Mathematici han
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5218 no uoluto dare nome alle parti del $ei, &amp; dimo$trare, che $ei era un tutto, oltra'l quale $e bi$ogna
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5219 ua a$cendere numerando, era nece$$ario tornar da capo all'unit&agrave;, come $i faceua nel dieci. Al-
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5220 trimenti era uana la oppo$itione de i Mathematici contra quelli, che uoleuano, che diecifu$$e nu-
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5221 mero perfetto, $e i mede$imi Mathematici haue$$ero uoluto il $ei e$$er perfetto per la i$te$$a ragio
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5222 ne, per la quale s'era detto, che il dieci fu$$e perfetto. Que$to $timo io, che $ia degno di con-</I>
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5223 <foot><I>P</I></foot>
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5224 <pb n="114">
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5225 <I>$ideratione.</I> Et quando al conto fatto per l'aggionta d'un'altro a$$e, $i cre$ca al $ei, chia-
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5226 mano Ephecton: &amp; quando $ono fatti otto, perches'&egrave; aggiunta la terza parte; $i dice Epi
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5227 triton. &amp; aggiuntaui la met&agrave;, poi che s'&egrave; peruenuto al noue, chiama$i $e$quialterum, che
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5228 da Greci &egrave; detto, hemiolios. aggiunteui poi due parti, &amp; fatto lo incrocciamento, $i dice
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5229 be$alterum, il quale chiamano Epidimiron. &amp; nel numero di undici, perche $e gli &egrave; ag-
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5230 giunto cinque, che $i chiama quintario, Epipentamiron $i dice. Ma dodici, perche &egrave; fat
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5231 to di due $implici numeri dipla$iona &egrave; nominato.
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5232 <p><I>Et que$to &egrave; $tato a$$ai dichiarito. Vuole poi Vitruuio, che dal numero $enario $ia $tata piglia
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5233 ta la ragione della mi$ura del corpo humano, in quanto all'altezza $ua.</I>
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5234 <p>Similmente perche il piede &egrave; la $e$ta parte dell'altezza dell'huomo, per&ograve; co$i da quel nu
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5235 mero di piedi, dal quale &egrave; mi$urato, &amp; perfetto il corpo terminandolo in altezza con que
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5236 $ti $ei lo fecero perfetto. &amp; auuertirono, che il cubito era di $ei palmi, &amp; di uentiquat-
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5237 tro dita.
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5238 <p><I>Si come dalle dita &egrave; uenuta la ragione del numerare, co$i anche &egrave; uenuta la ragione del mi$ura
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5239 re, &amp; co$i la ragione del numero $enario entra nelle mi$ure. Et qui Vitr. ragiona $econdo la opi-
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5240 nione de Greci, i quali uoleuano, che $ei fu$$e numero perfetto. La onde anche alle monete tra$-
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5241 ferirono il numero predetto. Et per&ograve; dice Vitr.</I>
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5242 <p>Et da quello pare, che le citt&agrave; de Greci habbiano fatto, che $i come il cubito &egrave; di $ei pal
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5243 mi, co$i $i u$a$$e lo i$te$$o numero nella dramma. perche quelle citt&agrave; fecero, che nella dram
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5244 ma fu$$e la ualuta di $ei ramini $egnati (come a$$e) che quelli chiamano Oboli, &amp; con-
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5245 $tituirono in uece di uentiquattro dita nella dramma i quadranti de gli oboli, detti da alcu
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5246 ni dichalchi, &amp; da alcuni trichalchi.
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5247 <p><I>Voleuano i Greci che la loro dramma uale$$e $ei oboli, &amp; que$to ri$pondeua al cubito, che
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5248 contiene $ei palmi; uoleuano, che cia$cun' obolo haue$$e a &ubreve;alere quattro monete, che $i chia-
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diff changeset
5249 mauano dichalchi, la doue uentiquattro dichalchi faceuano una dramma, come uentiquattro
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diff changeset
5250 dita fanno un cubito. obolo era una moneta di rame di poca ualuta, $egnata per&ograve;, &amp; coniata,
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diff changeset
5251 &amp; era come un tutto, che a$$e $i chiama, &amp; la quarta parte detta quadrante $i nominaua di-
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parents:
diff changeset
5252 chalco, ouerotrichalco $econdo diuer$i ri$petti. Come adunque il numero de gli oboli nella dram
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parents:
diff changeset
5253 ma ri$pondeua al numero de i palmi, che uanno a fare il cubito, che $ono $ei, co$i il numero de i
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parents:
diff changeset
5254 dichalchi, o trichalchi nell'obolo ri$pondeuano al numero delle dita, che erano nel cubito uenti-
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parents:
diff changeset
5255 quattro. la onde appare, che anche nelle monete i Greci habbiano pigliato la ragione de i nume-
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parents:
diff changeset
5256 ri: &amp; in questo ca$o crediamo a Vitr.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
5257 <p>Ma i no$tri prima fecero l'antico numero e$$er il dieci, &amp; po$ero nel denario dieci a$si
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parents:
diff changeset
5258 di rame, &amp; per&ograve; fin al d&igrave; d'hoggi la compo$itione della moneta ritiene il nome del dena-
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parents:
diff changeset
5259 rio, &amp; la quarta parte di e$$o perche ualeua due a$si, &amp; mezo, la chiamarono $e$tertio, ma
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parents:
diff changeset
5260 poi hauendo auuertito, che l'uno, &amp; l'altro numero era perfetto, cioe il $ei, &amp; il dieci,
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diff changeset
5261 raccol$ero in$ieme amendue que numeri, &amp; fecero il $ed'ici perfetto. &amp; di que$to tro-
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parents:
diff changeset
5262 uarono il piede autore. perche leuando dal cubito palmi due, re$ta il piede di quattro
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parents:
diff changeset
5263 palmi, ma il palmo ha quattro dita, &amp; co$i il piede uiene hauere $edici dita', &amp; tanti a$si
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parents:
diff changeset
5264 il denario di rame.
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parents:
diff changeset
5265 <p><I>I palmi $ono due, maggiore, &amp; minore, il minore &egrave; di quattro dita: il maggiore di dodici,
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parents:
diff changeset
5266 quello $i chiama pal&oelig;$te, que$to $pithame: dito, o digit o &egrave; lo $pacio di quattro grani d'orzo po$ti
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parents:
diff changeset
5267 in ordine $econdo la larghezza. Dice adunque Vitr. che Romani pigliarono da prima il dieci co-
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parents:
diff changeset
5268 me numero perfetto, &amp; per&ograve; chiamarono la moneta dinario, (&amp; que$to pare ragioneuole) co-
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parents:
diff changeset
5269 me fin hora $i u$a. &amp; nel denario po$ero dieci a$$i di rame. &amp; $e bene dapoi congiun$ero il dieci, et
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parents:
diff changeset
5270 il $ei, uedendo, che anche il $ei era perfetto, ritennero per&ograve; il nome del denaio mettendo in un de-
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parents:
diff changeset
5271 naio $edici a$$i, che ri$pondino, a $edici dita, che uanno nel piede. $tando adunque le predette co-
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parents:
diff changeset
5272 $e Vitru. conchiude, &amp; dice.</I>
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diff changeset
5273 <pb n="115">
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parents:
diff changeset
5274 <p>Se adunque &egrave; ragioneuole, &amp; conueniente co$a, che il numero $ia $tato ritrouato dalle
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
5275 dita dell'huomo, &amp; che da i membri $eparati $i faccia la corri$pondenza delle mi$ure $econ
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parents:
diff changeset
5276 do la rata parte a tutta la forma del corpo; re$ta, che noi admettiamo quelli, i quali anche
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parents:
diff changeset
5277 fabricando le ca$e de gli immortali Dei, co$i ordinarono le parti delle opere loro, che le
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parents:
diff changeset
5278 di$tributioni, &amp; compartimenti di quelli $eparati, &amp; uniti col tutto conuenienti fu$$ero
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parents:
diff changeset
5279 alle proportioni, &amp; $immetric.
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parents:
diff changeset
5280 <p><I>Pone in que$to luogo Vitru. la uniuer$ale conclu$ione di tutto quello, che egli ha detto: per&ograve;
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parents:
diff changeset
5281 a me pare, che il primo capo di que$to libro quiui habbia a finire, doue $i conchiude chiaramen-
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parents:
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5282 te quello, che Vitr. ci ha detto, che non puo fabrica alcuna hauer ragione di componimento, $en-
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parents:
diff changeset
5283 za mi$ura &amp; proportione; $e prima non hauer&agrave; ri$petto, &amp; con$ideratione $opra la uera, &amp; cer-
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parents:
diff changeset
5284 ta ragione de i membri dell'huomo ben formato, &amp; proportionato, come raro e<02>empio di pro-
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parents:
diff changeset
5285 portione., &amp; giu$to compartimento. Ma $eguitiamo pure l'antica diui$ione de i capi attendendo
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parents:
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5286 alle co$e, ehe ci uengono propo$te da Vitr. ilquale come erudito nelle di$cipline de' Greci u$a una
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parents:
diff changeset
5287 uia, &amp; un modo ragione uole nel trattar le co$e. &amp; per&ograve; dice.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
5288 <p>I principij de i Tempij $ono quelli, de i quali &egrave; formato lo a$petto delle lor figure. &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
5289 prima &egrave; quello, che &egrave; detto faccia in pila$tri, dapoi quello che &egrave; detto Pro$tilo, &amp; l'Amfi-
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parents:
diff changeset
5290 pro$tilo, lo Alato, il Fal$o alato di due ordini, lo Alato di due ordini, &amp; lo $coperto.
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parents:
diff changeset
5291 <p><I>Volendoci Vitr. in$egnare la compo$itione de i Tempij, con gran ragione comincia da quelle dif-
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parents:
diff changeset
5292 ferenze, che prima ci uengono dinanzi a gli occhi. perche l ordine della cognitione porta, che
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parents:
diff changeset
5293 cominciamo dalle co$e uniuer$ali, &amp; confu$e, &amp; indi$tinte, &amp; poi che $i uegna al particolare,
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parents:
diff changeset
5294 e$plicato, &amp; di$tinto. oltra che nell' Architettura egli $i deue auuertire, che l'occhio habbia la
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parents:
diff changeset
5295 parte $ua, &amp; con la uariet&agrave; de gli a$petti $econdo le figure, &amp; forme diuer$e de i Tempij $i dia di-
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parents:
diff changeset
5296 letto, ueneratione, &amp; autorit&agrave; alle opere. &amp; $i come la oratione ha forme, &amp; idee diuer$e per $a-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
5297 tisfare alle orecchie, co$i habbia l' Architettura gli'a$petti, &amp; forme $ue per $atisfar a gli occhi,
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parents:
diff changeset
5298 &amp; $i come quello, che &egrave; nella mente, &amp; nella uoglia no$tra ripo$to, con l'artificio di leuarlo fuo-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
5299 ri di noi, &amp; portarlo altroue, le parole, le figure, la compo$itione delle parole, i numeri, le m&emacr;-
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parents:
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5300 bra, &amp; le chiu$e fanno le Idee, &amp; le forme del dire, co$i le proportioni, i compartimenti le dif-
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parents:
diff changeset
5301 ferenze de gli a$petti, i numeri, &amp; la collocatione delle parti fanno le idee delle fabriche, che $o-
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parents:
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5302 no qualit&agrave; conuenienti a quelle co$e, per le quali $i fanno. Altra ragione di $entenze, di artificij,
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parents:
diff changeset
5303 di parole, di figure, di parti, di numeri, di compo$itione, &amp; di termini $i u$a uolendo e$$er chia-
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parents:
diff changeset
5304 ro, puro, &amp; elegante nel dire. altra uolendo e$$er grande, uehemente, a$pro, &amp; $euero: &amp; altro
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parents:
diff changeset
5305 richiede la piaceuolezza, altro la bellezza, &amp; ornamento del parlare. $imilmente nelle Idee del-
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parents:
diff changeset
5306 le fabriche altre proportioni, altre di$po$itioni, altri ordini, &amp; compartimenti ci uuole, quando
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parents:
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5307 nella fabrica $i richiede grandezza, &amp; ueneratione, che quando $i uuole bellezza, o dilicatez-
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parents:
diff changeset
5308 za, o $implicit&agrave;. &amp; perche la natura delle co$e, che uanno a formare un'idea dell' oratione fa, che
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parents:
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5309 quelle po$$ono e$$er degnamente in$ieme con quelle, che uanno a formarne un'altra. la onde nella
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parents:
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5310 purit&agrave; $i puo hauer del grande, nella grandezza, del bello, nella bellezza del $emplice, &amp; nella
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5311 $emplicit&agrave; dello $plendido; anzi que$to &egrave; $omma lode dell'oratore, et $i fa me$colando, le condi-
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parents:
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5312 tioni d'una forma, con le conditioni d'unaltra. come &egrave; manife$to a i ueri Architetti dell'oratione.
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parents:
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5313 per&ograve; dico io, che me$colando con ragione nelle fabriche le proportioni d'una maniera, o compo-
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parents:
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5314 nendole, o leuandole, n&egrave; puo ri$ultare una bella forma di mezo. le co$e da prima $ono $emplici, &egrave;
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5315 $chiette, poi $i fanno con diuer$e aggiunte ogni fiata maggiori, et piu ornate come $i uede chia-
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5316 ramente in tutte le opere, et inuentioni de mortali. Non deue per&ograve; il $auio, &amp; prudente Ar-
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5317 chitetto pigliare tutto quello, che uien fatto da ognuno, ma $olamente quelle co$e, che comin-
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parents:
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5318 ciano hauere non $o che di occulta uirt &ugrave;, onde dilettino i $en$i no$tri. come lo eccellente oratore
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5319 non piglia tutto quello, che'l$ciocco uulgo, o la ba$$a plebe apprende, ma tutto quello, che puo
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parents:
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5320 cadere $otto la capacit&agrave; di chi a$colta con qualche piu eleuato $ entimento, che da $e la ple-
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parents:
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5321 be non trouaria, ma trouato da altri appiglia, &amp; $ene diletta. co$i Vitruuio, non pren-</I>
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5322 <foot><I>P</I> 2</foot>
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5323 <pb n="116">
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5324 <fig>
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5325 <pb n="117">
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5326 <I>de tutte quelle forme, &amp; figure di fabriche, &amp; di Tempij, che $ono fatte da que$ti, &amp; da
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5327 quelli, che nel fabricare $ono in luogo di uulgo, &amp; di plebe: perche questo $arebbe in-
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5328 finito, ne caderebbe $otto artificio. Ma ci propone quelle co$e, che $atisfanno a chi non
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5329 $a piu oltre, poi che $on fatte, ma non po$$ono e$$ere ritrouate da ognuno, &amp; dice, che i
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5330 principij, cio&egrave; l'origine della no$tra con$ideratione &egrave; la figura, cio&egrave; quello, che prima $i
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5331 rappre$enta allo a$petto. Que$ta figura, &amp; que$to a$petto, o nelle fronti, o nelle $palle, o ne i lati
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5332 &amp; fianchi de i Tempij: o partitamente in piu fabriche, ouero in una i$te$$a: &amp; per&ograve; Vitr. ci mette</I>
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5333 <fig>
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diff changeset
5334 <I>inanzi $etle figure, &amp; a$petti di Tempij: &amp; dice, che il primo $i chiama, In antis. cio&egrave;faccia in pila-
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diff changeset
5335 $tri, perche Ante $i chiamano le pila$trate, che $ono nelle cantonate della facciata, che in
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5336 Greco $ono dette Para$tade. Il primo a$petto adunque, &egrave; della facciata dinanzi, &amp; della fronte
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diff changeset
5337 del Tempio: nella quale $ono ne gli anguli le pila$trate, &amp; contraforti quadrati, &amp; nel mezo
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diff changeset
5338 le colonne, che $portano in fuori, $opra le quali &egrave; il fronti$picio fatto con quelle ragioni, che
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5339 $i dir&agrave; poi. Il primo a$petto adunque dice Vitruuio, che &egrave; in que$to modo.</I>
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5340 <p>Il Tempio di faccie in pila$tri, $ar&agrave; quando egli hauer&agrave; nella fronte i pila$tri, de i pare-
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diff changeset
5341 ti, che rinchiudeno il Tempio, &amp; tra i pila$tri nel mezo due colonne, &amp; $opra quelle
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diff changeset
5342 <pb n="118">
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5343 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
5344 <pb n="119">
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diff changeset
5345 il fronti$picio fatto con quella conuenienza di mi$ure, che $i dir&agrave; in que$to libro. Lo e$-
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diff changeset
5346 $empio di que$to a$petto $i uede alle tre Fortune, &amp; delle tre quello, che &egrave; uicino alla por-
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5347 ta collina. <I>A no$tri giorninon $i ha reliquia di que$to Tempio, per&ograve; con le ragioni imparate
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5348 da Vitruuio figurando la pianta., &amp; lo in pi&egrave;, &amp; alcuna fiata il profilo, &amp; i fianchi, la$cia-
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parents:
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5349 remo le ombre, &amp; lo empir i fogli di figure, &amp; di co$e minute, &amp; facili, non affettando la quan
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5350 tit&agrave;, &amp; la $ottilit&agrave; delle figure adombrate in i$corzo, &amp; pro$pettiua, perche lano$tra intentio-
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5351 ne &egrave; di mo$trare le co$e, &amp; non in$egnare a dipingere. La pianta del Tenpio, detto faccia in pi-</I>
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5352 <fig>
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5353 <I>la$tri, &egrave; $egnata A. doue $ono le pila$trate quadre in forma di colonne &egrave; $egnato B. &amp; le
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5354 colonne nel mezzo C. lo in pi&egrave; &egrave; $egnato D.</I>
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parents:
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5355 <p>La faccia in colonne detta pro$tilos, ha tutte le co$e, che tiene la faccia in pila$tri, m&aacute;
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5356 ha due colonne $opra le cantonate dirimpetto a i pila$tri, &amp; $opra ha gli architraui, come
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parents:
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5357 la faccia in pila$tri, &amp; dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra nel uoltare delle cantonate tiene una
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5358 colonna per banda. lo e$$empio &egrave; all'l$ola Tiburtina al Tempio di Gioue, &amp; di Fauno.
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5359 <pb n="120">
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5360 <p><I>Il $econdo a$petto accre$ce al primo due colonne $opra le cantonate all'i<*>contro delle pila-
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5361 $trate, &amp; due nel uoltare, cio&egrave; una per banda. Stimo io, che la luce di que$ti Tempij ue-
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5362 ni$$e $olamente dalle porte; perche io non trouo fatta mentione altroue di fine$tre. l'I$ola Tibc-
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parents:
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5363 rina fu con$acrata ad E$culapio, fatta prima a ca$o, poi fortificata da Romani, &amp; adornata
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5364 di molti belli, &amp; grandi edificij. Appre$$o il Tempio di E$culapio hebbe Gioue il $uo edifica-
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5365 to da L. Furio Purpurione con$ule; &amp; dedicato da C. Seruilio, come dicono alcuni: &amp; nella pun
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5366 ta dell'I$ola hebbe anche Fauno il $uo Tempio, del quale hoggi a pena $i uedeno pochi ue$tigi, &amp;
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parents:
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5367 meno $e ne ueder&agrave; per l'auuenire, perche il Teuere gli ua rodendo d'intorno, &amp; leuando il
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5368 terreno. T.Liuio uuole, che di alcune condennagioni fu$$e edificato il detto Tempio da Gn.Do
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5369 mitio, &amp; da C. Stribonio edili. La pianta di que$to tempio &egrave; $egnata F. &amp; $erue anche al ter
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parents:
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5370 zo a$petto, detto Amphipro$tilos: perche leuandone le colonne dall'altra te$ta, &amp; continuan-
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5371 do il parete, re$ta que$to a$petto $econdo, detto Pro$tilos. lo in pi&egrave; &egrave; $egnato E. &amp; $erue an-
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5372 che al terzo a$petto, intendendo$i la i$te$$a fronte dall'altra te$ta.</I>
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parents:
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5373 <p>Lo a$petto detto Amphipro$tilos, tiene quanto &egrave; nell'a$petto detto Pro$tilos, ma di
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parents:
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5374 piu $erua lo i$te$$o modo, di colonne, &amp; di fronti$picio nella parte di dietro.
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5375 <p>Lo a$petto detto Peripteros cio&egrave; alato intorno, &egrave; quello, che tiene d'amendue le fron
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parents:
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5376 ti $ei colonne: ma ne i lati undici con le angulari, $i che que$te colonne $iano po$te in mo
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parents:
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5377 do che lo $pacio, che &egrave; tra colonna, &amp; colonna, $ia d'intorno da i pareti a gli ultimi ordi
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5378 ni delle colonne, &amp; $i po$$a pa$$eggiare d'intorno la cella. come &egrave;' nel portico di Metelz
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5379 lo, di Gioue Statore, &amp; alla Mariana dell'Honore, &amp; della uirtu, fatto da Mutio $en-
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parents:
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5380 za la parte di dietro.
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5381 <p><I>Silegge, che fuori della porta $alaria era un Tempio con$acrato all'honore, perche in quel luo
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5382 go $i trou&ograve; appre$$o l'altare una lama con que$te parole. DOMIN AE HONORIS.
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5383 M. Marcello dedic&ograve; un Tempio all'Honore, &amp; alla Virt&ugrave;, che fu poi re$taurato da Ve$pa$iano pro
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5384 pinquo alla porta Capena (come $i truoua nelle medaglie.) Fece Marcello que$to per uno ricor-
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5385 do a quelli, che u$ciuano all'impre$e, che per la uirtu s'entra all'Honore. Mario $imilmente edific&ograve;
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5386 un Tempio all'Honore, &amp; dal Tempio della uirtu s'entraua. Gn. Domitio pretore driz&ograve; $ul Qui-
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5387 rinale un Tempio alla Fortuna primigenia, &amp; iui anche era un Tempio dell'Honore. Fu edifica-
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parents:
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5388 to delle $poglie Cimbriche, &amp; Theutoniche, in quella parte del monte E<*>quilino, che Merulana in
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5389 luogo di Mariana, &egrave; detta. La pianta, &amp; lo in pi&egrave; di que$to Tempio &egrave; $oprapo$to nel primo libro.</I>
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parents:
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5390 <p>Il fal$o a$petto di due ordini detto P$eudodipteros, co$i &egrave; po$to, che nella fronte; &amp;
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5391 di dietro $ono otto colonne, &amp; ne i lati quindici con le angulari: ma $ono i pareti della
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5392 cella dalle te$te dirimpetto a quattro colonne, &amp; co$i lo $patio, che $ar&agrave; da i pareti d'in-
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5393 torno a gli eftremi ordini delle colonne $ar&agrave; di due intercolunnij, &amp; d'una gro$$ezza da
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5394 piedi della colonna. Lo e$$empio di que$ta forma non &egrave; in Roma: ben $i troua in Ma-
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5395 gne$ia il Tempio di Diana fatto da Hermogene Alabandeo; Et il Tempio d'Appolline
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5396 fatto da Mne$te.
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5397 <p><I>Il quinto a$petto &egrave; detto P$eudodipteros, che $ignifica, fal$o alato doppio. P$eudo uuol dire
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5398 fal$o, Dipteros due ale: perche pteros $ignifica ala, &amp; pteromata $ono dette le mura dall'una,
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5399 &amp; l'altra parte dello Antitempio detto Pronao, &amp; uolgarmente $i dice un'ala di muro: &amp; an
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5400 che detti $ono pteromata i colonnati d'intorno al Tempio, perche a modo di ala $tanno d'intor-
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parents:
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5401 no: onde peripteron, &egrave; detto quello a$petto di figur a di Tempio, che ha d'intorno la cella, o na
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5402 ue del Tempio uno ordine $olo di colonne, Dipteros due, P$eudodipteros quello, che' ha leuato
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5403 l'ordine interiore delle colonne d'intorno, &amp; la$cia piu libero lo $pacio da pa$$eggiare d'intor-
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5404 no il corpo del Tempio. la pianta &egrave;$egnata O. nel primo libro, &amp; quiui $otto.</I>
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5405 <p>L'a$petto di due ordini, che Dipteros &egrave; detto, ha dinanzi, &amp; di dietro otto colonne
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5406 &amp; d'intorno la cella ha due ordini di colonne; come il Tempio Dorico di Quirino, &amp; lo
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diff changeset
5407 Ionico di Diana Efe$ia fatto da Cte$ifonte.
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5408 <pb n="121">
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5409 <p><I>Del Dipteros, &amp; del P$eudodipteros ne fa mentione Vitr. nel proemio del $ettimo libro. &amp;
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5410 nel $eguente Capo ragiona della inuentione di Hermogene.</I>
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diff changeset
5411 <p><I>Pianta dello a$petto detto Peripteros, cio&egrave;, alato d'intorno.</I>
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5412 <fig>
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diff changeset
5413 <p>Il $otto aere, &amp; $coperto
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diff changeset
5414 a$petto, detto hipethros, &egrave; di
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5415 dieci colonne per te$ta, &amp; nel
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5416 re$to &egrave; $imile al dipteros, &amp;
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5417 nella parte di dentro tiene
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diff changeset
5418 doppio ordine di colonne in
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5419 altezza rimote da i pareti al
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5420 circuito, come il portico de i
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5421 peri$tili, ma la parte di mezo
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5422 &egrave; $coperto $enza tetto, &amp; ha
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5423 l'intrate delle porte dinanzi,
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5424 &amp; di dietro. l'e$$empio non &egrave;
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5425 in Roma, ma in Athene &egrave; di
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5426 otto colonne, nel tempio di
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5427 Gioue Olimpio.
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5428 <p><I>Que$to doueua e$$ere un bel-
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5429 li$$imo, &amp; grandi$$imo Tem-
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5430 pio: haueua i portichi doppi d'in
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5431 torno, &amp; di dentro haueua due
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5432 ordini di colonne uno $opra l al-
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5433 tro. que$te erano minori del-
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5434 le di fuori. Il coperto ueniua
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5435 dalle interiori alle e$teriori, che
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5436 $taua in piouere. Tutto lo $patio
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5437 circondato dalle colonne di den-
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5438 tro era $coperto; L'altare era
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5439 nel mezo. E$$er doueua, per
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5440 ogni intercolunnio, un nichio c&omacr;
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5441 la $ua figura; $i di dentro, co-
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5442 me di fuori; et $i doueua a$cen-
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5443 dere per gradi. Ma noi hauemo
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5444 da dolerci, &amp; del mancamento
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5445 de gli e$$empi, &amp; della pouer-
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5446 t&agrave; della lingua: $e pure non uo
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5447 gliamo c&otilde; l'u$o ammollire la du
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5448 rezza delle parole fore$tiere, &amp;
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5449 che la lingua no$tra $ia corte$e
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5450 a riceuerle, come ha fatto la Ro
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5451 mana L. e figure no$tre dimo$tra-
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5452 no la no$tra intentione.</I>
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5453 <foot><I>Q</I></foot>
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5454 <pb n="122">
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5455 <fig>
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5456 <pb n="123">
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5457 <fig>
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5458 <HEAD><I>Di cinque $pecie di Tempij. Cap. II.</I></HEAD>
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5459 <p>Inque $ono le maniere de i Tempij, delle quali $ono i nomi. Picno$tilos, cio&egrave;
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5460 di $pe$$e colonne; Si$tilos, piu larghe; Dia$tilos anchora piu di$tanti; Areo
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5461 $tilos, oltra quello, che $i conuiene lontane; Eu$tilos, che ha ragioneuoli, &amp;
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5462 conuenienti interualli. Picno$tilos adunque &egrave; quando tra l'una, &amp; l'altra
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5463 colonna, ui $i puo porre la gro$$ezza d'una colonna, &amp; meza, come nel Tempio di Diuo
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5464 <foot><I>Q</I> 2</foot>
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5465 <pb n="124">
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5466 Giulio, &amp; nel Foro di Ce$are il Tempio di Venere, &amp; $e altri Tempij $ono di que$ta ma-
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5467 niera compo$ti. La maniera detta Si$tilos, &egrave; quella, doue tra le colonne $i puo ponere due
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5468 gro$$ezze di colonne, &amp; i Zocchi delle $pire a quello $pacio $ono tanto grandi, quanto $a-
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5469 r&agrave; tra due zocchi, come &egrave; nel Tempio della Fortuna eque$tre al Theatro di pietra, &amp; ne
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5470 gli altri, che $ono con le i$te$$e ragioni fabricati.
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5471 <p><I>La humana cognitione, $ia di che uirt&ugrave; dell'anima e$$er $i uoglia o del $en$o, o dello intelletto,
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5472 comincia prima dalle co$e confu$e, &amp; indi$tinte, ma poi appro$$imando$i l'oggetto, $i fa piu par-
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5473 ticolare, &amp; piu certa. n&egrave; uoglio hora filo$ofare $opra que$to; $olamente ne dar&ograve; un'e$$empio del-
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5474 la cognitione de i $en$i. Vedendo noi di lontano alcuna co$a, ci formiamo prima una cognitione
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5475 confu$a dello e$$ere, ma uedendo poi, che quella col mouimento $i porta in alcuna parte, giudica-
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5476 mo, che $ia animale; &amp; piu auuicinando$i cono$cemo e$$er un'huomo; poi piu appre$$o cono$ce-
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5477 mo, che &egrave; un'amico; &amp; finalmente uedemo ogni parte di quello. co$i dallo e$$ere, che &egrave; co$a uni-
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5478 uer$ali$$ima, uenimo al mouimento, &amp; dal mouimento ci re$trignemo all'animale, &amp; peruenen-</I>
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5479 <fig>
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5480 <I>do a piu distinto cono$cimento, trouamo l'huomo, ricono$cemo l'amico, &amp; distinguemo ogni
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5481 parte del corpo $uo. $imilmente adiuiene nella cognitione dello intelletto. per&ograve; Vitru. ci ha pro-
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5482 po$to una indi$tinta, &amp; confu$a cognitione de i Tempij, pre$a dalla figura, &amp; dallo a$petto loro.
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5483 Perche tra le co$e $en$ibili, la figura &egrave; oggetto commune, perche &egrave; $ottopo$ta alla cognitione di
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5484 piu $en$i. Di$cende poi alla di$tanza delle parti; &amp; diuenir&agrave; finalmente alla particolare, &amp; di-
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5485 $tinta mi$ura d'ogni particella. Sette adunque $ono i regolati a$petti delle figure de i Tempij. co-
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5486 me uniuer$ali principij della cognitione di que$ta materia, &amp; gia $ono $tati e$po$ti quali $iano.
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5487 Appro$$imando$i poi allo edificio, uedemo le apriture, &amp; $pecialmente gli $pacij tra le colonne,
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5488 i quali e$$endo in alcuni Tempij piu ri$tretti, &amp; in alcuni piu larghi, portano all'occhio diuer$e
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5489 apparenze, &amp; fann o diuer$i effetti, o di dolcezza, &amp; bellezza, o di grandez za, &amp; $euerit&agrave;, $i
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5490 come fanno gli $pacij delle uoci nelle orecchie: per&ograve; che quello, che &egrave; con$onanza alle orecchie, &egrave;</I>
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5491 <pb n="125">
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5492 <fig>
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5493 <pb n="126">
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5494 <HEAD><I>Lo in piedi dello a$petto Hypethros, cio&egrave;$coperto.</I></HEAD>
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5495 <fig>
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5496 <pb n="127">
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5497 <fig>
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5498 <pb n="128">
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diff changeset
5499 <I>bellezza a gli occhi. per&ograve; Vitr. di$tingue le $pecie de i Tempij $econdo gli interualli, che $ono tra
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diff changeset
5500 colonna, &amp; colonna; non inquanto al numero, ma inquanto alla grandezza loro; &amp; dice, che
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diff changeset
5501 la prima $pecie, &egrave; detta Picno$tilos, cio&egrave; di $pe$$e, &amp; ri$trette colonne, quando una colonna &egrave;
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5502 molto appre$$o l'altra. La $econda Si$tilos, quando i uani $ono piu larghi, perche allhora le co-
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diff changeset
5503 lonne $ono piu di$tanti. La terza &egrave; detta, Dia$tilos, che anchora con piu larghi $pacij $i di$egna.
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diff changeset
5504 La quarta Areo$tilos, che &egrave; quando oltra quello, che bi$ogna, di$tanti $i fanno gli inter colunnij,
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diff changeset
5505 cio&egrave; gli $pacij, che $ono tra colonna &amp; colonna. La quinta Eustilos, che ragioneuolmente, &amp;
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diff changeset
5506 con diletto comparte i uani. &amp; $e licito fu$$e darei a que$te $pecie gli infra $critti nomi, Stretta,
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diff changeset
5507 Larga, Rila$ciata, Spacio$a, &amp; Giu$ta colonnatura. Diffini$ce poi Vitru. cia$cuna $pecie, &amp;
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diff changeset
5508 uuole, che laristretta $pecie detta Picno$tilos, $ia quella doue gli $pacij tra le colonne $i po$$ono
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diff changeset
5509 fare della gro$$ezza d'una colonna &amp; meza. La $pecie, &amp; maniera larga detta Si$tilos, &egrave; quando
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diff changeset
5510 $i puo ponere tra due colonne la gro$$ezza, o diametro di due colonne; ma uuole Vitru. che i zoc-
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5511 chi detti Plinthides, che $ono i zocchi, &amp; le parti inferiori delle ba$e, $iano tanto di$tanti, quan-
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5512 to lo $pacio, &amp; uano, che &egrave; po$to tra due zocchi. Del Theatro di pietra intende il Filandro
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5513 il Theatro di Pompeio, i cui ue$tigij $ono in campo di Fiore. n&egrave; ual$e al buon Pompeio, che egli
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diff changeset
5514 ui pone$$e ogni $tudio per farlo eterno, facendolo di pietra, perche troppo grande &egrave; la forza del
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diff changeset
5515 tempo, &amp; la ingiuria che egli fa alle co$e. ma quali non gli $ono $oggette? il tempo i$te$$o con il
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diff changeset
5516 tempo $i con$uma, &amp; quello che con il tempo prende uita, &amp; uigore, col tempo s'indeboli$ce, &amp;
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5517 ha fine. perche lo e$$er del tempo &egrave; $empre na$cerc, &amp; $empre morire, &amp; mentre $i uiue, al-
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diff changeset
5518 tro non $i fa, che riceuere le ingiurie del tempo. alle quali quanto $i puo l'arte cerca di reme-
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diff changeset
5519 diare; ma infine il tempo auanza l'arte. Lo e<02>empio della $pecie detta Picno$tilos &egrave; notato nella
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diff changeset
5520 pianta; &amp; il Si$tilos &egrave; nella pianta detta Dipteros, po$ta di $opra.</I>
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diff changeset
5521 <p>Le due antedette maniere hanno l'u$o loro difetto$o, perche le matrone a$cendendo
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5522 per gradi alle $upplicationi loro non po$$ono andare al pari tra gli intercolunij; ma bi$o-
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5523 gna che pa$sino a fila. L'altro difetto &egrave; che le porte, &amp; gli ornamenti loro per la $trettez-
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5524 za delle colonne non $i uedeno. &amp; finalmente per la $trettezza de gli $pacij, il caminar d'in-
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parents:
diff changeset
5525 torno al Tempio &egrave; impedito.
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5526 <p><I>Egli $i potrebbe dire, $e l'u$o, l'a$petto, &amp; il pa$$eggiare &egrave; impedito dalle due predette ma-
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5527 niere, a che fine Vitr. ce le ha propo$te? Dico io, che $i come non $i deue la$ciare a dietro al-
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5528 cuna forma del dire per e$$er men bella, perche &egrave; tempo, che la o$curit&agrave; ci uiene a propo$ito, &amp;
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5529 la confu$ione, che $ono forme oppo$te alla chiarezza, &amp; eleganza del dire. co$i non doueua
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5530 Vitru. la$ciare forma alcuna, che $ia men commoda, &amp; meno gioconda all' a$petto. perche hora
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5531 &egrave; che nell'animo de riguardanti per gli occhi $i ha da poner diletto, &amp; piacere, hora meraui-
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5532 glia, &amp; horrore, $econdo il bi$ogno; &amp; que$tonon $i puo fare commodamente da chi non $a lo ef-
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5533 fetto, che fanno diuer$e maniere di fabriche. &amp; $e egli $i dice$$e, che $i deue porre anche le ma-
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5534 niere difetto$e, per darci ad intendere, come $i deueno $chifare, for$e, che non $arebbe fuori di
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5535 propo$ito. ma chi uole$$e fare le colonne tanto gro$$e, che quando tra colonna, &amp; colonna ui
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5536 anda$$e bene due gro$$ezze, ci $arebbe $pacio conueniente di poter andare di pari, que$ti non ha-
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5537 ueria con$ideratione, che l'altezza grande pa$$arebbe i termini, &amp; che piu di due matrone doueua
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5538 no andar a pari. &amp; che i zocchi nella maniera Si$tilos occupariano lo $pacio tra le colonne, &amp; fa-
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5539 riano n&egrave; piu n&egrave; meno impedimento al caminare. &amp; $imilmente le porte, che deono ri$pondere a
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5540 proportione, $ariano impedite, come prima.</I>
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5541 <p>La compo$itione del Dia$tilos, &egrave; quando noi potremo traporre nello intercolun-
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5542 nio la gro$$ezza di tre colonne, come nel Tempio di Apollo, &amp; di Diana. ma que-
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5543 $t a di$po$itione tiene que$ta difficult&agrave;, che gli Architraui per la grandezza de gli $pa-
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parents:
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5544 cij, $i $pezzano.
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5545 <p><I>O quanto deue e$$ere auuertito lo Architetto non $olamente ri$petto alla forma, &amp; ragione,
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5546 che nello animo, &amp; mente $ua con modi artificio$i riuolge, ma quanto alla materia, i cu difetti i</I>
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5547 <pb n="129">
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5548 <I>$ono infiniti, i rimedij pochi, &amp; difficili, &amp; alcuna fiata niuno, o di niun ualore, per&ograve; &egrave; bene,
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parents:
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5549 (come s' &egrave; detto) che Vitr. ci propona le maniere difetto$e, accioche per lo contrario ci potia-
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parents:
diff changeset
5550 mo guardare da gli errori. uero &egrave; che al $opradetto difetto, $i $uol prouedere facendo $opra gli
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5551 Architraui molti archi, &amp; la$ciandoli ben fermare, &amp; a$ciugare, la$ciandoui anche di $otto il
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5552 uano, perche quegli archi leuano il pe$o a gli architraui. Leon Batti$ta nel quinto libro al $et-
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parents:
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5553 timo capo a$$ai commodamente ha interpretato i nomi delle $opradette $pecie, $e benc non $i puo
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5554 con$eguire la felicit&agrave; de i Greci nella compo$itione de i nomi. &amp; le ha chiamate, conferta, $ub-
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5555 conferta, $ubdi$pan$a, di$pan$a, &amp; elegante. Deue$i bene auuertire, che Vitr. non ha uoluto
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parents:
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5556 dar legge ferma de gli $pacij delle $opradette maniere, ma ha u$ato parole indeterminate, dicen-
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5557 do, egli $i puo porre, $i potrebbe collocare, &amp; $imiglianti modi. que$to auuertimento ci uenir&agrave;
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5558 a propo$ito n<*>lle opere Doriche, nel quarto libro.</I>
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5559 <p>Nelle maniere Areo$tili non ci &egrave; dato l'u$o de gli Architrau i di pietra, n&egrave; di marmo,
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5560 ma $opra le colonne $i deono ponere le traui di legno continue, &amp; le maniere di que Tem
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5561 pij, $ono ba$$e, larghe, humili, &amp; ornano i loro fronti$picij di figure di terra cotta, o di ra-
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5562 me dorato all'u$anza di To$cana. Come $i uede al Circo Ma$simo il Tempio di Cerere,
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5563 &amp; di Hercole, &amp; del Pompeiano campidoglio.
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parents:
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5564 <p><I>Nelle maniere Areo$tili u$ano liberi $patij tra colonna, &amp; colonna, &amp; per&ograve; Vitru. ha u$ato
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5565 il numero del piu, &amp; non ha detto, la maniera Areo$tilos, ma le maniere; perche e$$endo in li-
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5566 bert&agrave; no$tra di fare i uani maggiori, non ci &egrave; pre$critta legge, n&egrave; regola. In que$te maniere non
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5567 $i u$ano Architraui di pietra, o di marmo, perche $i $pezzarebbeno. il qual pericolo $e era nel-
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parents:
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5568 la $pecie Dia$tilos, doue il uano era di tre colonne, molto maggiormente $ar&agrave; nella $pecie Areo$ti-
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parents:
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5569 los, doue $ono $pacij piu liberi. La doue, per obuiare a que$to difetto, $i faceuano gli Architra-
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parents:
diff changeset
5570 ui di legno, &amp; $i adornauano di auorio, &amp; s'inue$tiuano per coprire il legno. per&ograve; Vitru. nel
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diff changeset
5571 quarto libro al $ettimo capo dice il mede$imo, ma con altre parole; &amp; iui &egrave; la pianta &amp; lo in pi&egrave;
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diff changeset
5572 di que$ta maniera To$cana Areo$tilos. Ma quelle parole, che Vitru. dice.</I> Ma le maniere di
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diff changeset
5573 que Tempij $ono ba$$e, larghe, humili, &amp; nel latino barice, barricephal&aelig;, hanno difficult&agrave;:
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5574 <I>benche quel barricephal&oelig; $i puo intendere l'auorio, che copriua le te$te di que legni. perche gli
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diff changeset
5575 Elefanti $ono detti barri. ma quel barice ha difficile interpretatione, $e for$e non &egrave; tolto dal
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diff changeset
5576 Greco, perche uaris, che $i $criue per uita in Greco, $ignifica le chie$e grandi, come dicono i dot-
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diff changeset
5577 tori Grechi $opra i $almi, &amp; Athana$io $opra quelle parole del $almo</I> 44. <I>a domibus eburneis,
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diff changeset
5578 che in Greco dicono Ap&ograve; bareon elephantinon. dice, che le ca$e ornate, &amp; i Tempij $ontuo$i
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diff changeset
5579 $ono detti Vareis, perche il $almo dice eburneis, come che que Tempij, &amp; quelle ca$e $iano
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diff changeset
5580 fatte congrande artificio, &amp; magnificentia. Didimo, dice che uaris $ignifica la torre, &amp; che le
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diff changeset
5581 chie$e $ono torrite della potentia et gratia di Chri$to, &amp; che ha po$to eburneis in luogo di $plendide
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diff changeset
5582 &amp; precio$e. $imil co$a dice Theodoreto $opra le i$te$$e parole, &amp; Ba$ilio dice, che i grandi edifi-
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diff changeset
5583 cij $ono da quel nome chiamati. Eu$ebio intende lo i$te$$o. L'arte di formar di creta prima uen-
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5584 ne in Ethruria, che in altro luogo d'Italia. In que$ta furono eccellenti$$imi Dimofilo,, &amp; Gor-
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5585 ga$o, &amp; gli i$te$$i erano anche pittori, &amp; con l'una, &amp; l'altra loro arte adornarono il Tempio
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5586 di Cerere, nel Circo Ma$$imo, &amp; conla Greca in$crittione in uer$i iui po$ti dimo$trarono, che le
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diff changeset
5587 opere dalla de$tra erano di Demofilo, &amp; dalla $i ni$tra di Gorga$o. Auanti que$to Tempio tutte
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5588 le co$e erano To$cane, &amp; i fronti$picij erano di que$te opere. Il luogo di Vitru. nel quarto, dou e
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diff changeset
5589 egli accenna, quello, che egli dice in que$to luogo.</I> {<I>Siano le traui inca$trate in modo con chia-
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diff changeset
5590 ui, &amp; ritegni, che la commi$$ura habbia lo $pacio largo due dita, imperoche toccando$i le traui,
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diff changeset
5591 &amp; non riceuendo $piraculo di uento, $e ri$caldano in$ieme, &amp; pre$to $i gua$tano. ma $opra le
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diff changeset
5592 traui, &amp; $opra i pareti trapa$$ino le me$ole per la quarta parte dell'altezza della colonna $por-
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diff changeset
5593 tando in fuori, &amp; nelle fronti loro dinanzi fitti $iano gli adornamenti</I>,} <I>Ecco che Vitr. chiama
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5594 anl epagmenta quelli ornamenti, che $ono appo$ti, &amp; fitti alle trauature per inue$tirle, &amp; co-
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diff changeset
5595 prirle. &amp; Vitr. dice qui $otto. che quanto gli $patij tra le colonne $ono maggiori, tanto piu gro$-</I>
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5596 <foot><I>R</I></foot>
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diff changeset
5597 <pb n="130">
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parents:
diff changeset
5598 <I>$a e$$er deono le colonne, &amp; con$eguentemente minori, &amp; piu ba$$e. &amp; per&ograve; i Tempij Areo$tili
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diff changeset
5599 $ono humili, depre$$i, &amp; ba$$i.</I>
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diff changeset
5600 <p>Hora egli $i deue rendere la ragione della bella, &amp; elegante maniera Eu$tilos nomina-
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diff changeset
5601 ta, laquale, &amp; all'u$o &amp; alla bellezza, &amp; alla fermezza tiene e$pedite le $ue ragioni, per-
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5602 cioche $i deono fare gli intercolunnii della gro$$ezza di due colonne, &amp; un quarto, ma lo
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diff changeset
5603 $pacio di mezo tanto a fronte, quanto di dietro, $i deue fare di tre gro$$ezze, perche a que
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diff changeset
5604 $to modo haucr&agrave; &amp; lo a$petto della figura gratio$o, &amp; l'u$o della entrata $enza impedimen
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diff changeset
5605 to; &amp; il pa$$eggiar d'intorno la cella ampiezza.
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diff changeset
5606 <p><I>Il ri$tretto intercolunnio impediua il caminare, l'entrare, &amp; l'a$petto: per&ograve; le due maniere di
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5607 prima erano uitio$e. Il piu largo, &amp; libero portaua pericolo de gli Architraui. Adunque il
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parents:
diff changeset
5608 giu$to, &amp; $cielto tra'l piu, &amp; il meno, che $ono e$tremi uitio$i, nel mezo come uirtuo$o $i deue
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diff changeset
5609 ridurre. Se adunque uno &amp; mezo, &amp; due &egrave; poco, &amp; tre &egrave; di piu, re$ta, che due &amp; un quarto $ia
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diff changeset
5610 conueniente. Ma perche non &egrave; co$i due &amp; mezo, come due &amp; un quarto? Ri$pondo, che que-
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parents:
diff changeset
5611 $to far&agrave; la giu$ta mi$ura del compartimento, quando $i uorr&agrave; fare lo $pacio dello intercolunnio
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5612 di mezo, maggiore, che gli intercolunnij e$tremi. oltra che $e noi cauamo da una proportione
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parents:
diff changeset
5613 $otto$e$quialtera una $otto$e$quiquinta, ne na$cer&agrave; una $otto$e$quiottaua. ecco. uno &amp; mezo
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diff changeset
5614 $ono $ei quarti, due $ono otto quarti, due &amp; mezo dieci quarti, tre dodici quarti. $ei ad otto $ono
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parents:
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5615 in proportione $otto$e$quialtera, dieci a dodici in proportione $otto$e$quiquinta. dirai adunque, $ei
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parents:
diff changeset
5616 uia dodici, fanno $ettantadue: otto uia dieci ottanta. tra $ettanta due, &amp; ottanta cade proportio-
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parents:
diff changeset
5617 ne $otto$e$quiottaua. il noue adunque &egrave; piu proportionato al $ei, &amp; al dodici, che al dieci, adun-
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diff changeset
5618 que noue quarti $aranno i uani della bella maniera. Hor uediamone la proua.</I>
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diff changeset
5619 <p>Se la facciata doue $i deue fare il Tempio $ar&agrave; per farlo di quattro colonne, parti$ca$i
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parents:
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5620 in parti undici, &amp; meza, la$ciando fuori da i lati i margini, &amp; gli $porti de i ba$amenti.
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parents:
diff changeset
5621 Se deue e$$er di $ei colonne, $i partir&agrave; in diciotto: $e di otto, in uentiquattro, &amp; meza.
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diff changeset
5622 Di que$te parti, $ia il Tempio di quattro, o di $ei, o di otto colonne in fronte, ne piglie-
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parents:
diff changeset
5623 rai una, &amp; quella far&agrave; il modulo. La gro$$ezza delle colonne $ar&agrave; d'un modulo, &amp; ogni
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parents:
diff changeset
5624 intercolunnio, eccetto quello di mezo, $ia di due moduli, &amp; d'un quarto. L'intercolun-
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parents:
diff changeset
5625 nio di mezo, s&igrave; dinanzi, come di dietro, $ia di tre moduli: l'altezza delle colonne $ia di
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5626 otto moduli, &amp; mezo. &amp; a que$to modo per quella diui$ione gli $pacij, che $ono tra le
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parents:
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5627 colonne &amp; le altezze delle colonne haueranno la giu$ta ragione. Noi di que$to non
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parents:
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5628 hauemo e$$empio in Roma, ma nell'A$ia in Theo &egrave; il Tempio del padre Baccho di ot-
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parents:
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5629 to colonne in fronte.
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5630 <p><I>Vitruuio ci rende conto della bella maniera detta Eu$tilos, la quale &egrave; quando i uani tra le co-
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parents:
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5631 lonne $ono di due te$te, &amp; un quarto, &amp; il uano di mezo &egrave; di tre. Con que$ta ragione egli rego-
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5632 la quelle $ei forme d'a$petto dette di $opra, la$ciando la faccia in pila$tri, perche ella &egrave; rinchiu$a,
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5633 &amp; non ha portico dinanzi. Que$to $i comprende beni$$imo dalle parole di Vitru. perche egli di-
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5634 mo$tra cia$cuna di quelle figure dal numero delle colonne, &amp; per&ograve; in uece di dire pro$tilos, &amp; am
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parents:
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5635 phiprostilos, cio&egrave; facciata in colonne, o ambe le te$te in colonne, egli dice tetra$tilos, cio&egrave; quat
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5636 tro colonne. &amp; in uece di dire peripteros, egli dice e$a$tilos, cio&egrave; di $ei colonne. &amp; in uece di di-
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parents:
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5637 re p$eudodipteros, o dipteros, egli dice, e$a$tilo cio&egrave; di $ei colonne in fronte. Hauendo adunque di-
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5638 me$trato in confu$o le maniere de gli a$petti, hora egli uuole regolarle. Et prima $econdo la bel-
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5639 la maniera dello $patio giu$to, &amp; $cielto, &amp; poi $econdo le altre, che hanno piu $tretti, o piu li-
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5640 beri interualli. Regola adunque il pre$tilos, &amp; l'amphipro$tilos con una $ola regola, perche
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5641 l'uno a$petto, &amp; l'altro &egrave; di quattro colonne. Piglia lo $patio della fronte del Tempio, &amp; ne fa un-
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5642 dici parti &amp; meza, una delle quali deue e$$er il modulo, cio&egrave; quella mi$ura, che &egrave; regolatrice di
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5643 tutte le parti dell' opera. Ecco qui l'ordine, del quale detto hauemo nel primo libro, al terzo Ca-
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5644 po. La gro$$ezza adunque della colonna $ar&agrave; d'un modulo, &amp; e$$endo quattro celonne u'ande-
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5645 ranno quattro moduli: la$ciando per&ograve; gli orli, &amp; gli $porti delle ba$e, che $ono $opra le canto-</I>
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5646 <pb n="131">
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diff changeset
5647 <I>nate, che Vitr. dice pr&oelig;ter crepidines, &amp; proiecturas: cio&egrave; oltra le margini, &amp; gli $porti. &amp;
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diff changeset
5648 perche i uani $ono un meno delle colonne, ui $aranno tre uani, quello di mezo uuole tre moduli,
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diff changeset
5649 che con i primi quattro delle gro$$ezze, delle colonne fanno $ette. I due uani haueranno quattro
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diff changeset
5650 moduli, &amp; mezo; dando a cia$cuno due moduli, &amp; un quarto. &amp; co$i $aranno regolati i uani
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5651 della facciata in colonne, &amp; dello Amphipro$tilos. Similmente $i regola il peripteros, cio&egrave; ala-
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5652 to a torno, perche hausndo$i a porre $ei colonne per te$ta, $i ha da partire la facciata in parti di
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diff changeset
5653 ciotto: una delle quali $ar&agrave; il modulo: cinque $aranno date a i uani: $ei alle gro$$ezze delle colon
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diff changeset
5654 ne: il uano di mezo tre: i quattro due per banda: noue, a due moduli, &amp; un quarto per interco-
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diff changeset
5655 lunnio, che po$ti in$ieme fanno diciotto. Similmente $i regola il finto alato doppio, &amp; il doppio
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diff changeset
5656 alato, perche e$$endo l'uno, &amp; l'altro nelle te$te di otto colonne, egli $i partir&agrave; la fronte in parti
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diff changeset
5657 uentiquattro &amp; meza, l'una delle quali $ar&agrave; il modulo. Otto moduli adunque andaranno alle
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diff changeset
5658 gro$$ezze delle colonne, tre nel uano di mezo, che $ono undici. &amp; perche re$tano tre uani per
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diff changeset
5659 banda, che $ono $ei, andandoui due te$te, &amp; un quarto per uano, ui andranno tredici moduli, &amp;
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diff changeset
5660 mezo, che aggiunti a gli undici, fanno uentiquattro &amp; mezo. Et que$to &egrave; quello, che Vitr. ci in
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5661 $egna, &amp; ci regola anche l'altezza delle colonne, &amp; uuole, che in ogni maniera di a$petto rego-
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5662 lato $econdo la $cielta diui$ione de i uani, l'altezza delle colonne $ia di otto moduli &amp; mezo et qui-
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5663 ui accenna la maniera Ionica, della quale egli dice ragionar nel pre$ente libro.</I>
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5664 <p>Et quelle ri$pondenze di mi$ure ordin&ograve; Hermogene; il quale anche fu il primo nel trouar
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5665 la ragione del Tempio d'otto colonne, ouero finto a$petto doppio. perche dalla $imme-
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5666 tria del Dipteros, egli leu&ograve; gli ordini interiori di trenta colonne, &amp; con quella ragione, &amp;
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5667 della $pe$a, &amp; della fatica fece guadagno. Que$ti nel mezo d'intorno la cella fece un lar-
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5668 ghi$simo $pacio da pa$$eggiare, &amp; non leu&ograve; alcuna co$a dello a$petto, ma $enza di$iderio
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5669 di co$e $uperflue con$eru&ograve; l'autorit&agrave; con la di$tributione di tutta l'opera. Percioche la ra
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5670 gione delle ale, &amp; delle colonne d'intorno al Tempio &egrave; $tata ritrouata, accioche lo a$pet
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5671 to per l'a$prezza de gli intercolunnij haue$$e riputatione, &amp; anche $e per le pioggie la for-
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5672 za dell'acqua tene$$e occupata, &amp; rinchiu$a la moltitudine delle genti, pote$$ero hauer
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5673 nel Tempio, &amp; d'intorno la cella con largo $patio libera dimora. Et tutto que$to $i truo
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5674 ua e$pedito nelle di$po$itioni del P$eudodipteros. Il che pare, che Hermogene fatto hab
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5675 bia con acuta, &amp; gran $olertia gli effetti delle opere, &amp; che habbia la$ciato i fonti, d'onde
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5676 i po$teri pote$$ero trarre le ragioni delle di$cipline, &amp; gli ammae$tramenti dell'Arte.
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5677 <p><I>Leuando$i dal Dipteros le colonne di dentro, ponendoui quelle delle te$te, $i leuano trenta co-
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5678 lonne, come per la pianta $i puo uedere. Hermogene per i$paragno di $pe$a, &amp; di fatica leu&ograve; l'or
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5679 dine di dentro, la$ci&ograve; i portichi piu $pacio$i, non tol$e alcuna co$a dallo a$petto, perche nelle fron
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5680 ti re$tarono le otto colonne, &amp; dalli fianchi $e ne uedeuano quindici. Et per&ograve; que$to a$petto $i chia
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5681 ma fal$o dipteros, perche fa la mo$tra del dipteros, ma non &egrave;. Da que$to luogo $i comprende, che
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5682 Vitru. ha regolati gli a$petti, $e bene egli non gli ha nominati, perche chiaramente egliper octa-
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5683 stilo ha inte$o il Dipteros, &amp; il P$eudodipteros. dicendo di Hermogene que$te parole.</I> Il quale
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5684 anche fu il primo a ritrouar la ragione del Tempio di otto colonne, ouero P$eudo-
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5685 dipteros.
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5686 <p><I>Dimo$tra anche chiaramente la $ua intentione nel proemio del quarto, nel quale egli di-
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5687 ce, quanto &egrave; $tato e$$equito nel terzo, dicendo d'hauer detto delle di$tributioni, che $ono in
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5688 cia$cuna maniera, cio&egrave; ne i principij della cognitione de i Tempij, quanto a gli a$petti, &amp;
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parents:
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5689 delle cinque maniere, che trattano de gli $patij, che $ono tra le colonne. Ma qui potrebbe na$ce-
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parents:
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5690 re un dubbio, come $ia, che Vitr. non habbia fatto mentione del Tempio ritondo, &amp; come egli
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5691 non habbia regolata la maniera de i Tempij $coperti, che hanno dalle te$te dieci colonne? Al pri
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parents:
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5692 mo dico, che Vitr. ragiona de i Tempij ritondi nel quarto, &amp; for$e gli mette nel numero de gli
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5693 a$petti, che $ono di liberi intercolunnij, come anche i To$cani, &amp; ha la$ciato di trattarne, $egui
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5694 tando in que$to luogo quelli a$petti, che per alcuna aggiunta uanno cre$cendo. Al $econdo $i di-</I>
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parents:
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5695 <foot><I>R</I> 2</foot>
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5696 <pb n="132">
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parents:
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5697 <I>ce, che &egrave; co$a facile dalle $oprapo$te regole compartire anche il Tempio $coperto detto hipethros,
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parents:
diff changeset
5698 $econdo la bella maniera: per&ograve; $e'l Tempio $ar&agrave; in fronte di dieci colonne; egli $i partir&agrave; la fronte in
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parents:
diff changeset
5699 parti trent auna, una delle quali $ar&agrave; il modulo, la gro$$ezza delle colonne $ar&agrave; d'un modulo. &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
5700 per&ograve; a dieci colonne $i daranno dieci moduli. allo $pacio di mezo tre, che $ono tredici, a i uani da i
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parents:
diff changeset
5701 lati, che $ono quattro per banda, che fanno otto uani, $e ne daranno diciotto, che gionti alli tre
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parents:
diff changeset
5702 dici, $ommano trentuno. La pianta, &amp; lo in pi&egrave; di que$ta forma &egrave; $egnata col nome $uo.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
5703 <p>Ne i Tempij Areo$tili, doue $ono gli $pacij liberi tra le colonne, deon$i fare le colonne
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5704 in que$to modo, che la gro$$ezza di quelle $ia l'ottaua parte dell'altezza. Et nella forma
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parents:
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5705 Dia$tilos, $i deue mi$urare l'altezza in que$to modo, che $ia diui$a in parti otto, &amp; meza
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parents:
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5706 &amp; di una parte $ia fatta la gro$$ezza delle colonne. Nella maniera Si$tilos egli $i ha a diui
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parents:
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5707 dere l'altezza in noue parti, &amp; meza, &amp; di quelle darne una alla gro$$ezza. Nella manie-
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parents:
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5708 ra picno$tilos, l'altezza &egrave; diui$o in dieci parti, &amp; d'una $i fa la gro$$ezza della colonna.
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parents:
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5709 Nella maniera Eu$tilos, $i $erua la ragione della Dia$tilos, cio&egrave;, che l'altezza della colon
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parents:
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5710 na $i diuide in otto parti &amp; meza, &amp; una $i dona alla gro$$ezza. Et a que$to modo $i da
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parents:
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5711 per la rata parte la ragione de gli $pacij tra le colonne: perche, $i come cre$ceno gli $patij
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5712 tra le colonne, co$i $i deono con proportioni accre$cere le gro$$ezze de i loro fu$ti, per-
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parents:
diff changeset
5713 che $e nella maniera areo$tilos la gro$$ezza della colonna $ar&agrave; la nona, ouero la decima
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5714 parte, ella ci parer&agrave; tenue, &amp; $ottile, perche per la larghezza de i uani l'aere con$uma, &amp;
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parents:
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5715 $minui$ce la gro$$ezza dello a$petto de i tronchi delle colonne. per lo contrario $e nella
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parents:
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5716 forma picno$tilos $ar&agrave; la gro$$ezza l'ottaua parte dell'altezza, per l'angu$tia, &amp; $trettezza
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parents:
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5717 de gli $patij, far&agrave; un'a$petto gonfio, &amp; $enza garbo, &amp; per&ograve; bi$ogna $eguire la conuen ien
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parents:
diff changeset
5718 za delle mi$ure $econdo la maniera dell'opera, &amp; co$i per que$to $i deono fare le colonne,
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parents:
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5719 che $tanno $u le cantonate, piu gro$$e una cinquante$ima parte del loro diametro, perche
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parents:
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5720 $ono dallo aere circon$tante tagliate, &amp; piu $ottili paiono a i riguardanti: &amp; per&ograve; quello
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parents:
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5721 che in ganna gli occhi deue con la ragione e$$ere e$$equito.
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5722 <p><I>Hauendo Vitru. regolati gli a$petti con la piu $cielta, &amp; bella maniera de gli intercolunnij,
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5723 detta Eu$tilos, hora egli ci in$egna, come $i hanno a regolare gli a$petti delle allre maniere, che
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diff changeset
5724 $ono le altre quattro, la $tretta, detta picno$tilos; la larga, detta $i$tilos; la rila$ciata, detta dia
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parents:
diff changeset
5725 $tilos; &amp; la $pacio$a, &amp; libera, detta areo$tilos. La $omma della $ua intentione &egrave; que$ta, che
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diff changeset
5726 noi douemo con$iderare gli $patij, che $ono tra colonna, &amp; colonna in cia$cuna delle dette forme,
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diff changeset
5727 &amp; doue trouaremo tra le colonne e$$ere $pacio maggiore, douemo a proportione fare piugro$$a la
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parents:
diff changeset
5728 colonna: &amp; la ragione &egrave; que$ta, perche $e fu$$ero le colonne $ottili doue $ono i uani maggiori,
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parents:
diff changeset
5729 molto $i leuarebbe dello a$petto, imperoche lo aere &egrave; quello, che toglie della gro$$ezza delle co-
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parents:
diff changeset
5730 lonne, &amp; fa parere quelle piu $ottili, come la i$perianza ci dimo$tra. Doue adunque &egrave; piu di ua-
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parents:
diff changeset
5731 no, &amp; di $pacio, iui entra piu l'aere, il quale e$$endo d'intorno taglia del uiuo; Et per&ograve; con buo-
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parents:
diff changeset
5732 na ragione la distanza de gli intercolunnij regola la gro$$ezza delle colonne. La onde Vitr. uo-
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parents:
diff changeset
5733 lendoci confermare con altra i$perienza, &amp; ragione quello, che ci ha propo$to, uuole, che le co
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parents:
diff changeset
5734 lonne, che stanno $u gli anguli delle fabriche, che hanno portichi d'intorno, $iano piu gro$$e al-
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parents:
diff changeset
5735 quanto delle altre, che $ono tra quelle, perche d'intorno le colonne angulari $i rauna maggior
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parents:
diff changeset
5736 quantit&agrave; di aere, &amp; di luce, che le uiene a mangiare della lor gro$$ezza, doue pareno piu $ottili
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parents:
diff changeset
5737 delle altre, &amp; per&ograve; in rimedio di quello, che leua la luce, &amp; lo aere, $e le da la cinquante$ima
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parents:
diff changeset
5738 parte del diametro di piu delle altre. il che $erue a quella digni$$ima parte, che nel primo libro &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
5739 detta Eurithmia. Vitr. adunque ha detto del numero delle colonne de gli a$petti, detto ha delle di
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parents:
diff changeset
5740 $tanze loro nelle cinque maniere: &amp; poi ha detto delle grandezze di quelle: &amp; co$i &egrave; di$ce$o a po-
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parents:
diff changeset
5741 co a poco dall'uniuer$ale al particolare, &amp; ha distinto le co$e confu$e $econdo l'ordine della huma
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parents:
diff changeset
5742 na cognitione. &amp; anchora diuiene a piu particolar notitia, &amp; tratta delle contrattioni, &amp; ra-
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parents:
diff changeset
5743 stremamenti, che $i fanno nel $ommo della colonna, &amp; $imilmente della gonfiatura, che $i fa nel
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parents:
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5744 mezo. &amp; dice.</I>
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5745 <pb n="133">
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parents:
diff changeset
5746 <p>Le diminutioni, che $i fanno nella parte di $opra delle colonne $otto i collarini detti hy
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parents:
diff changeset
5747 potrachelij, $i deueno fare in que$to modo, che $e la colonna $ar&agrave; di quindici piedi almeno,
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parents:
diff changeset
5748 $ia diui$a la gro$$ezza del fu$to da ba$$o in $ei parti, &amp; di cinque di quelle $i faccia la gro$-
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parents:
diff changeset
5749 $ezza di $opra, &amp; di quella colonna, che $ar&agrave; alta da quindici a uenti piedi, il fu$to da ba$$o
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parents:
diff changeset
5750 $ia diui$o in $ei parti &amp; meza, &amp; di quelle $iano date cinque &amp; meza alla gro$$ezza di $opra.
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parents:
diff changeset
5751 $imilmente di quelle, che $aranno da uenti fin'a trenta piedi, la pianta $i partir&agrave; in $ette par
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parents:
diff changeset
5752 ti, &amp; in $ei di quelle $i far&agrave; la diminutione di $opra. ma quella, che $ar&agrave; da trenta fin qua-
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parents:
diff changeset
5753 ranta piedi, dal ba$$o piede hauer&agrave; $ette &amp; mezo, &amp; dal di $opra $ei, &amp; mezo la ragione
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parents:
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5754 del $uo ra$tremamento: Et co$i quella, che $ar&agrave; alta da quaranta $in cinquanta piedi, e$-
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parents:
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5755 $endo dal ba$$o diui$a in otto parti, $ar&agrave; $ette di $opra nel Collarino: Et quelle, che $aran-
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parents:
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5756 no piu alte, con la i$te$$a ragione per la rata parte $i faranno piu $ottili. Ma quelle per la
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parents:
diff changeset
5757 di$tanza dell'altezza ingannano la ui$ta, che a$cende: Et per&ograve; $i aggiugne il temperamen-
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parents:
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5758 to alle gro$$ezze, poi che la ui$ta no$tra $eguita mirabilmente la gratia, &amp; la bellezza. al
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parents:
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5759 cui piacere, $e noi non con$entimo lu$ingando con la proportione, &amp; con la aggiunta de
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parents:
diff changeset
5760 i moduli, accioche quello, di che ella &egrave; ingannata, &amp; defraudata, con bello temperamen-
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parents:
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5761 to $i accre$ca, dalle opere $ar&agrave; rimandato adietro l'a$petto di quelle, $enza gratia, &amp; $en-
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parents:
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5762 za proportione di bellezza.
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parents:
diff changeset
5763 <p><I>Faceuano gli antichi la $ommit&agrave; della colonna piu $ottile, che la parte di $otto; faceuano $imil
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parents:
diff changeset
5764 mente nel mezo una gonfiezza, &amp; tumidezza molto dolce, &amp; tenera, che gentilmente $i uolge
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parents:
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5765 ua, che le daua molto del buono. La ragione, perche co$i faceuano, era, perche le co$e na$cen
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parents:
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5766 ti dalla terra, come $ono gli alberi, piu che $i leuano, piu s'a$$ottigliano, &amp; gli huomini piu ag
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parents:
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5767 gra<*>ati da i pe$i, piu s'ingro$$ano nel mezo. per&ograve; imitando gli alberi $i ra$tremano le colonne di
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parents:
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5768 $opra, &amp; imitando lo effetto del carico, $i gonfiano nel mezo. $i come adunque cre$cendo in lar
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parents:
diff changeset
5769 ghezza iuani, Vitr. ha uoluto, che a proportione cre$ca la gro$$ezza delle colonne, co$i uuole
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parents:
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5770 hora per la i$te$$a ragione, che quanto &egrave; piu alia la colonna, tanto meno $ia ra$tremata di $opra,
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parents:
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5771 perche cre$cendo in altezza, fa lo e$$etto da $e $te$$a &amp; di cio ne d&agrave; lo e$$empio, la regola, &amp; la
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parents:
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5772 ragione, il che &egrave; facile. Ma come $i faccia, &amp; doue comincia que$ta diminutione, &amp; con che
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parents:
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5773 garbo $i tiri la gonfiatura nel mezo, Vitr. non ci dimo$tra, benche egli prometta in fine del libro
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parents:
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5774 darci il di$egno, &amp; dice.</I>
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parents:
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5775 <p>Ma della aggiunta, che $i fa nel mezo della colonna, che enta$i $i chiama, nel fine del
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parents:
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5776 libro $ar&agrave; formata la $ua ragione, come dolce, &amp; conueniente $i faccia.
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parents:
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5777 <p><I>Credo io, che que$to $tia in di$cretione, &amp; de$trezza, piu pre$to, che in arte o regola: ben-
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parents:
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5778 che il Serl<*>o, &amp; altri ne trouino alcuni modi, a i q uali mi riporto. Di$idero bene, che $i auuer
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parents:
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5779 ti$ca, che l'huomo non prenda ammiratione, $e mi$urando le antichit&agrave; di Roma, non ritroua $pe$
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parents:
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5780 $o le mi$ure delle colonne a punto, perche $e egli $i pote$$e uedere tutto il corpo della fabrica, l'huo
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parents:
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5781 mo non $i marauiglierebbe della grandezza, o picciolezza de i membri, ma ritrouando un piede,
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parents:
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5782 oucro un braccio $eparato, non puo dire, que$to piede &egrave; grande, o picciolo; dico ri$petto del cor-
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parents:
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5783 po. $e adunque cio uale nel corpo humano, perche non deue ualere nel corpo d'una fabrica, o d'al
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parents:
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5784 tra co$a artificio$a? perche uolemo far giudicio d'una colonna, non $apendo come ella era po$ta
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parents:
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5785 in opera, che $pacio era tra una colonna, &amp; l'altra, in che maniera era collocata, per quale acci
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parents:
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5786 dente era co$i compartita: che effetto, in che luogo faceua, &amp; altri $imili ri$petti? che danno,
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parents:
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5787 che dire a que$ti di$egnatori, che tutto di uanno mi$urando le parti &amp; le particelle, $enza con$ide
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parents:
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5788 ratione del tutto, &amp; $e ne fanno regole, &amp; precetti inuiolabili: &amp; dicono, che non $i troua in Ro
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5789 ma co$a fatta $econdo le regole di Vitr. al quale doueriano credere, poi che egli $te$$o, ci leua la
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5790 $oper$titione, l'obligo, &amp; la $eruit&ugrave; con le ragioni manife$te: Sono bene i termini delle co$e, $econ-
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5791 do il piu, &amp; il meno, ma tra que termini, oue $ia, chi uoglia procedere con ragione, non ha per
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5792 duto il modo di fermar$i piu in uno, che in altro luogo, quando la occa$ione gli d&agrave; di farlo.</I>
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parents:
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5793 <pb n="134">
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5794 <HEAD><I>Delle fondationi, &amp; delle colonne, &amp; loro ornamenti, &amp;
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parents:
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5795 di gli Architr aui tanto ne i luoghi $odi, quanto
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5796 ne i mo$si, &amp; aggrumati. Cap. III.</I></HEAD>
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5797 <p>LE fondationi delle opere $opradette di quanto $ottera $i ha da fare, $i deo-
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parents:
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5798 no cauare, $e trouar $i po$$ono, dal $odo, &amp; poi nel $odo, quanto ci pare-
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parents:
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5799 r&agrave; per la grandezza dell'opera, $iano fatte, &amp; quella fabrica, o $truttura per
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parents:
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5800 tutto il $uolo quanto piu $i faccia $odi$sima: &amp; $opra terra $i facciano i muret-
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5801 ti $otto le colonne per la met&agrave; piu gro$si di quello, che $aranno le colonne: accioche le
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diff changeset
5802 parti di $otto $iano piu ferme delle parti di $opra (&amp; que$ti $i po$$ono chiamare Stereo-
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5803 bata, qua$i ferme piante, perche $o$tentano il pe$o di tutto lo edificio) oltra di que$to
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5804 gli $porti delle $pire, o delle ba$e non deono u$cire dal $odo: &amp; allo i$te$$o modo deue
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diff changeset
5805 e$$ere $eruata la gro$$ezza del muro, ma bene gli $pacij deono e$$er fatti a uolte, ouero
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diff changeset
5806 $ianolbene ra$$odati, &amp; battuti, accioche $iano bene rattenuti, &amp; fermi.
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diff changeset
5807 <p><I>Hauendo Vitruuio trattato di quelle co$e, che da lontano in confu$o, &amp; di quelle, che piu di
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diff changeset
5808 $tintamente, &amp; d'appre$$o uedemo, accioche non paia, che $iano $olamente nello aere, &amp;
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diff changeset
5809 che non habbiano piede, egli uuole trattare delle fondamenta di quelle, &amp; con bell'ordine dal
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diff changeset
5810 fondamento peruiene fino alla cima, facendo na$cere, &amp; cre$cere la fabrica. Primier amente
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diff changeset
5811 adunque egli ci mostra quello, che deue $tare $otto le fabriche, &amp; uucle, che imitiamo la na-
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parents:
diff changeset
5812 tura, che ne gli alberi fa le parti inferiori piu gro$$e, che le $uperiori: percioche meglio $i $o-
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diff changeset
5813 $tentano i pe$i, &amp; i carichi grandi. Il piano adunque, doue $i deue fabricare, &egrave; ouero duro, $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
5814 do, &amp; naturale, ouero tenero, molle, &amp; di terreno portato &amp; mo$$o. diuer$amente $i deue
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parents:
diff changeset
5815 fondare nell'uno, &amp; nell'altro: perche doue trouerai la terra $oda, iui cauerai per fondare.
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parents:
diff changeset
5816 &amp; farai la fo$$a tanto larga, quanto porta la ragione dell'opera, che dei fare. $e il ter-
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parents:
diff changeset
5817 reno $ar&agrave; molle, o $ar&agrave; tale nella $operficie, ouero profonder&agrave; molto: $e &egrave; nella $operficie, ca-
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parents:
diff changeset
5818 ua in$ino, che troui il $odo, $e profonder&agrave;, bi$ogner&agrave; farle una palificata ben battuta, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
5819 ra$$odata. Il fondamento &egrave; detto $ubstructione, che altro non <*>, che la fa<*>brica, che $i fa $ot-
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parents:
diff changeset
5820 terra, fin che $i ueda. Hora que$ta fondatione deue e$$er di $ott<*> larga, &amp; piu che a$cen-
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parents:
diff changeset
5821 de, piu $i ua re$tringendo. Deue$i cauare il terreno della fo$$a egualmente, &amp; il fondo deue e$-
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parents:
diff changeset
5822 $er piano, &amp; eguale per tutto, accioche il pe$o della fabrica lo prema egualmente, n&egrave; i pareti fac-
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parents:
diff changeset
5823 ciano danno, o $egno alcuno. Le larghezze delle fo$$e per le fondamenta $i deono fare dal giudi-
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parents:
diff changeset
5824 cio dell' Architetto, $econdo le gro$$ezze delle mura, le grandezze delle fabriche, &amp; le quali-
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parents:
diff changeset
5825 t&agrave; de i terreni: perche puo uenire occa$ione o nel fare un gran palazzo, o un Tempio, ouero
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parents:
diff changeset
5826 un ponte, che $i facciano le fondamenta intiere continuate per tutto il piano, di $otto con per-
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parents:
diff changeset
5827 petua muratura. Quando al pari del piano hauerai leuato la $ottomuratura, &amp; il fondamento
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parents:
diff changeset
5828 dei leuare alcuni muretti, che $i chiamano Stereobati, &amp; altroue $tilobati, qua$i $odi, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
5829 fermi piedi delle colonne: benche altroue Stereobata uoglian dire il ba$amento di tutta la fabri-
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parents:
diff changeset
5830 ca, che in alcuni edificij, &egrave; fatto a $carpa. ma che quiui intenda il piede$talo, $i uede per quel-
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parents:
diff changeset
5831 le parole.</I> {<I>&amp; $otto terra $i facciano i muretti $otto le colonne.</I>} <I>cio&egrave; quando la fabrica co
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parents:
diff changeset
5832 mincia a $coprir$i, &amp; ueder$i. I muretti $otto le colonne altro non $ono, che i piede$tali,
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parents:
diff changeset
5833 che $i doueriano dire piede$tili, cio&egrave; piedi delle colonne, che $arebbe parola compo$ta del Gre
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parents:
diff changeset
5834 co, &amp; del uolgare. ma parliamo $econdo l'u$o. que$ti adunque doueriano e$$er piu gro$$<*> per la
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parents:
diff changeset
5835 met&agrave; del fu$to delle colonne da ba$$o. ecco la ragione. La $pira, &amp; ba$a della colonna non i$por
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parents:
diff changeset
5836 ta piu in fuori per lo piu, che la met&agrave; della gro$$ezza della colonna, cio&egrave; per un quarto da un
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parents:
diff changeset
5837 lato, &amp; per un quar to dall'altro; &amp; que$to nella Dorica: perche lo $porto della ba$a Ionica $i</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
5838 <pb n="135">
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parents:
diff changeset
5839 <I>fa d'una quarta, &amp; ottaua della gro$$ezza della colonna, come anche della Corinthia. Vuole
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parents:
diff changeset
5840 adunque Vitruuio che il piede$talo, che &egrave; $otto la colonna, $ia per la met &agrave; piu gro$$o della colon-
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parents:
diff changeset
5841 na, che ui ua $opra: &amp; di piu uuole, che gli $porti delle ba$e, che $ouo tanto, quanto la lar-
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parents:
diff changeset
5842 ghezza del zecco, non e$chino del uiuo, cio&egrave; del quadrato del piede$talo. Egli $i deue auuertire,
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5843 che per que$to nome Stilobata, $e bene s'intende quel muretto, che &egrave; $otto le colonne, come pie-
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parents:
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5844 de, &amp; po$amento, per&ograve; $ono anche i Stilobati congiunti uno con l'altro mediante quella aggiun-
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parents:
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5845 ta, della quale parler&agrave; Vitruuio qui $otto: &amp; per&ograve; tutto quel ligamento, &egrave; detto anche Stereo-
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parents:
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5846 bata, $econdo la e$po$itione del nome, che detto hauemo: &amp; tutta que$ta fabrica &egrave; imme</I>
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parents:
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5847 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
5848 <I>diate $opra terra, &amp; $i puo anche poggio no
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parents:
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5849 minare: ma del poggio ne dir&ograve; qui $otto. Deue
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parents:
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5850 $i auertire, che i buoni antichi, $e bene face-
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parents:
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5851 uano il ba$amento piu largo della fabrica di
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parents:
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5852 $opra, non per&ograve; lo faceuano a $carpa: ma in
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parents:
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5853 modo di gradetti, come ci mo$tra la figura qui
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parents:
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5854 appre$$o. Dice poi Vitruuio.</I> {<I>Et allo i$te$$o
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parents:
diff changeset
5855 modo deue e$$er $eruata la gro$$ezza del mu-
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parents:
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5856 ro</I>} <I>cio&egrave; che la parte inferiore $ia piu gro$$a
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parents:
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5857 di quella di $opra. Ma gli $pacij, che $ono
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parents:
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5858 tra un piede$talo, &amp; l'altro, cio&egrave; nelle fon-
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parents:
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5859 damenta, $i deono legare in que$to modo, che
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parents:
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5860 ouero $i facciano a uolti, come &egrave; lo in pi&egrave; d'un
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parents:
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5861 Tempio di$egnato nel primo libro, al cap. $e-
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parents:
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5862 condo: ouer $iano ra$$odati con palificate
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parents:
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5863 ben battute &amp; ferme: &amp; a que$to modo i le-
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parents:
diff changeset
5864 gamenti della fabrica $aranno fermi<02>imi. Que
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parents:
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5865 $ti uolti $ono <*>ati ritrouati per $cemar la $pe-
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parents:
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5866 $a, &amp; per a<02>icurar, che le colonne per lo pe$o loro non fondino, &amp; i uolti $ono riuer$ei: ma
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5867 che impedi$ce, che non $iano anche dritti, come &egrave; nell' e$$empio allegato? Ma come $i battino le
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5868 palificate, con gli in$trumenti detti Fi$tuce da latini, &amp; Becchi da noi, non &egrave; alcuno, che non
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parents:
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5869 lo $appia: &amp; que$ta &egrave; la regola di fondare ne i luogbi, che hanno buono, &amp; $odo terreno, co-
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parents:
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5870 me $ono quelli di Candia tenaci$$imi, &amp; fermi$$imi, ne i quali &egrave; gran fatica fare le cauationi.
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5871 Ma $e i luoghi $aranno di terreno mo$$o, ouero paludo$o, o tenero come a Venetia, Vitruuio
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parents:
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5872 ce in$egna quello $i deue fare, &amp; dice.</I>
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parents:
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5873 <p>Ma s'egli non $i truoua il $odo, &amp; che il $uolo $ia mo$$o, ouero palu$tre, allhora quel
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parents:
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5874 luogho $i deue cauare, &amp; uotare, &amp; con pali d'Alno, o di Oliuo, o di Rouere ar$icciati
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parents:
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5875 con$iccare, &amp; con le machine fatte a que$to propo$ito $iano battute le palificate $pe$si$si-
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parents:
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5876 me, &amp; gli $pacij, che $ono tra i pali-$iano empiti di carboni, &amp; le fondamenta $iano empite
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parents:
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5877 di $odi$sime murature: ma poi che le fondamenta $aranno ben battute, deon$i porre a li-
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parents:
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5878 uello i piede$tali, $opra de i quali di$ponerai le colonne (come s'&egrave; detto di $opra): ouero
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parents:
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5879 nella maniera di $trette colonne, come ella ricerca, ouero nelle altre, come cia$cuna ri
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5880 chiede, $ia o rila$ciata, o $pacio$a, o gratio$a maniera, come di $opra $ono $tate ordina-
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diff changeset
5881 te, &amp; de$critte, perche nelle areo$tile &egrave; grande libert&agrave; di fare gli $pacij, come piace a cia-
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5882 $e uno. bene egli $i deue auuertire, che ne gli alati atorno, detti Peripteri, collocate $iano
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5883 le colonne in modo, che quanti uani faranno nella fronte, tante due fiate $iano ne i lati,
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5884 p erche co$i $ar&agrave; doppia la lunghezza dell'opera alla larghezza; per&ograve; che quelli, i quali h&atilde;no
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5885 uoluto rad doppiar le colonne, &amp; non i uani, pare che habbiano errato, perche pare, che
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5886 uno intercolunnio oltra quello che bi$ogna, $i $tenda per la lunghezza.
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5887 <p><I>Vitr. ha detto nel Capo antecedente, che lo alato a torno detto Peripteros, haueua$ei colon-</I>
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5888 <pb n="136">
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5889 <I>ne in fronte; adunque haueua cinque uani; perche $empre i uani $ono un meno delle colonne: &amp;
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diff changeset
5890 da i lati haueua undici colonne computando le angulari; adunque bauer &agrave; dieci uani: &amp; quelli, che
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diff changeset
5891 hanno raddoppiato il numero delle colonne da i fianchi, hanno errato, perche non hanno computa
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diff changeset
5892 to nel numero delle colonne da i lati quelle, che $tanno $opra gli anguli, le quali $erueno alla fron-
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diff changeset
5893 te, &amp; a i lati; $i che bi$ogna raddoppiare i uani, &amp; non le colonne. &amp; que$ta regola &egrave; anche nel
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diff changeset
5894 le altre maniere, che hanno colonne a torno, che for$e $otto que$to nome di periptere $ono $tate
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5895 tutte compre$e, perche tutte hanno le ale a torno. Fin qui adunque hauemo le $ondamenta, hauemo
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diff changeset
5896 i piede$tali, &amp; la fabrica alzata da terra: hora $i ragioner &agrave; de i gradi, per li quali $i a$cendeua
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5897 al Tempio. que$ti erano nelle fronti, come $i uede in molte piante di $opra, erano anche d'intorno,
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5898 come nella pianta del peripteros di $ei colonne s' &egrave; po$to: &amp; con una i$te$$a ragione $i regola il nume
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diff changeset
5899 ro, l'altezza, &amp; la larghezza de i gradi, &amp; per&ograve; dice Vitr.</I>
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5900 <p>I gradi nella fronte $i deono formare in que$to modo, che $empre $iano di$pari, perche
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5901 $alendo$i al primo grado col pi&egrave; de$tro, lo i$te$$o piede entrando$i di $opra nel Tempio $a
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5902 r&agrave; po$to: ma le gro$$ezze di quelli co$i giudico io che debbiano e$$er terminate, che non
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5903 $iano piu gro$$e di dieci dita, n&egrave; piu $ottili di noue. perche a que$to modo non $ar&agrave; diffi-
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5904 cile il $alire. Le ritrattioni de i gradi, non $iano meno d'un piede, &amp; mezo, n&egrave; piu di
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5905 due: &amp; $e d'intorno al Tempio $i deono fare i gradi, $i faranno all'i$te$$o modo.
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5906 <p><I>Il piede nel $alire prima $i alza, poi s'allarg a: quella mi$ura, che $i fa alzando, &egrave; detta gro$$ez
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5907 za del grado: quella, che il piede calca, &amp; s'allarga per $alire allo altro grado, &egrave; detta da Vitr. ri
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5908 trattione del grado. io chiamerei quella, altezza, &amp; que$ta, larghezza del grado. Qui non di-
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5909 ce Vitr. che i gradi debbiano e$$ere piu tre, che cinque, piu cinque che $ette. ben &egrave; uero, che egli &egrave;
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diff changeset
5910 $tato auuertito nelle fabriche antiche, che n&omacr; s' &egrave; pa$$ato il numero di noue. et $e pure $i pa$$aua, egli
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5911 $i faceua un piano, &amp; una ritrattione larga, che noi chiamamo requie, $opra la quale $i ripo$a-
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5912 uano gli huomini, dapoi la $alita. Deono e$$ere i gradi non piu alti di dieci parti d'un piede, n&egrave;
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5913 meno di noue, ma $e fu$$ero noue parti a punto, o meno di dieci $ariano piu commodi. Pone adun
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5914 que Vitr. itermini del piu, &amp; del meno: ma a di no$tri $i fanno minori, il che non laudarei, per-
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5915 che poi non hanno grandezza, $e bene fu$$ero piu commodi alla $alita. Il piede &egrave; partito in dodici
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5916 oncie, come hauemo eletto. de$tante $ono dieci oncie, dodrante noue, &amp; le oncie anche $ono det
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5917 te dita. Ma $e egli $i uorr&agrave; fare il poggio da tre lati, Vitr. dice quello douemo o$$eruare.</I>
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5918 <p>Ma s'egli $i uorr&agrave; fare il poggio da tre lati, bi$ogner&agrave; guardare, che i quadretti, le ba$e
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5919 i tronchi, le cornici, &amp; le gole conuenghino col piede$talo, ch'&egrave; $otto le $pire delle co-
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parents:
diff changeset
5920 lonne. <I>Cio&egrave; $e'l piede$talo hauer&agrave; quadretti, li$telle, tronchi, gole, cornici, &amp; ba$e, ouero
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5921 altri membrelli, i mede$imi $iano anche nel poggio, come dimo$tra lo in pi&egrave; del tempio $eguente,
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5922 che ha il poggio. Ma perche il piede$tale, $oprail quale era la colonna, u$ciua del dritto, del
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5923 poggio, &amp; per que$to il poggio era ritratto in entro per lo $pacio, che era tra un piede$talo, &amp;
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5924 l'altro, &amp; faceua una certa concauit&agrave;, che Vitr. chiama alueolato: per&ograve; era nece$$ario, che
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5925 Vitr. ci de$$e la regola di agguagliare, &amp; pareggiare i piede$tali, accioche $i $ape$$e quanto ha-
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5926 ueuano adu$cir fuori del dritto del poggio, &amp; per&ograve; dice.</I>
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5927 <p>Et a que$to modo bi$ogna, che il piede$talo $ia pareggiato, che egli habbia per mezo
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5928 l'aggiunta per gli $camilli impari; perche $e egli fu$$e drizzato a linea, egli $i uederebbe
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5929 con l'occhio il letto, &amp; cauo. ma come a far que$to $i facciano gli $camilli conuenienti,
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5930 come dell'altre co$e, co$i di que$ta $ar&agrave; de$critto nel fine del libro, la forma, &amp; la di-
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parents:
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5931 mo$tratione.
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5932 <p><I>Deono i piede$tali u$cir del poggio, &amp; que$ta ri$alita Vitr. chiama aggiunta, &amp; la parte del
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5933 poggio, che $i ritira a dietro, &egrave; detta alueolato. Il nome di $camilli in uero non $i troua, ( che io $ap-
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5934 pia) n&egrave; latino, n&egrave; dedutto dal Greco. &amp; quando bene uole$$e dire camillum, quando $i dice$$e ca
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5935 millus nel genere del ma$chio, io direi, che la intentione di Vitr. fu$$e, come io ho detto, perche
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5936 camillus, nel quarto libro, &egrave; una ca$$a, o forma, o telaro, che egli chiama loculamentum. Le</I>
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5937 <pb n="137">
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5938 <I>ca$elle, o celle delle api $i chiamano camilli, &amp; tutto quello, che $epara una co$a dall'altra, come</I>
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5939 <fig>
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5940 <I>in ca$$a, &egrave; con questo nome chiamato. Quando adunque $ia, che i piedi$tali $eparano una parte</I>
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5941 <foot><I>S</I></foot>
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5942 <pb n="138">
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5943 <I>del poggio dall' altra, perche non $i po$$ono dire camilli cia$cuno di que $pacij, $eparato da i piede.</I>
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5944 <fig>
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5945 <pb n="139">
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5946 <I>$tali? che uengono in fuori, &amp; non uanno continuando, ma rompeno la drittura del poggio: &amp;</I>
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5947 <fig>
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5948 <foot><I>S</I> 2</foot>
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5949 <pb n="140">
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5950 <I>con licenza egli $i u$i que$to nome del genere del ma$chio, che &egrave; neutro.</I> I<I>l $en$o &egrave; dunque, co-
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5951 me ho detto, ilche proucr&ograve; anche di $otto. Et $e $camillus uiene da $camnum, per diminutione,
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5952 &amp; che $i traduca $cabelli, perche i piedi$tali $ono come $cabelli trauer$i, non s'impedirebbe il no
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5953 $tro $entimento. il quale per&ograve; &egrave; confirmato per alcune parole, che Vitr. dir&agrave; qui $otto. Ma la pian
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5954 ta, &amp; lo in pi&egrave; del Tempio fatto col poggio $ono fatte di $opra. a carte</I> 137. 138. <I>&amp;</I> 139.
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5955 <p><I>Conuengono tutte le fabriche nelle fondamenta, o naturali, o artificiali, che $iano. delle ar-
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5956 tificiali $e ne &egrave; ragionato a ba$tanza. $opra le fondamente, o gradi, o poggi, che $i facciano, $ene
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diff changeset
5957 &egrave; dato la regola di $opra. hora $i dir&agrave; de i piedi$tali, i quali $ono di due modi. prima tutto il ba$a-
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diff changeset
5958 mento d'una fabrica $i puo chiamare piede$tale; che in Greco $tereobata, &amp; anche $tilobata $i
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parents:
diff changeset
5959 chiamano le parti prime $opra terra, piu gro$$e che i pareti; perche con perpetua, &amp; conti<*>nuata
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parents:
diff changeset
5960 $odezza legano la fabrica d'intorno. l'e$$empio &egrave; nelle piante d'alcuni Tempij $opra po$ti, come
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diff changeset
5961 nella pianta del dipteros, doue $i uede, che corre quel legamento intorno, $opra il quale &egrave; po$to il
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parents:
diff changeset
5962 colonnato. &amp; nella parte dinanzi $ono i gradi $errati tra quel legamento, che &egrave; fatto per leuare
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parents:
diff changeset
5963 la fabrica da terra, &amp; per darle $odezza, &amp; mae$t&agrave;, &amp; per ornamento. &amp; $pe$$o gli antichi ui
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parents:
diff changeset
5964 poneuano delle $tatue nelle fronti, la doue da una parte, &amp; l'altra erano del ba$amento, che
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parents:
diff changeset
5965 u$ciua dell' ordine delle colonne dinanziper legare i gradi, &amp; que$to poteua e$$er per la quarta
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parents:
diff changeset
5966 parte della colonna in altezza. i piede$tali da $e, &amp; $eparati dal ba$ameno, non $i danno per
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parents:
diff changeset
5967 quanto $i legge, n&egrave; alle opere To$cane, n&egrave; alle Doriche. per&ograve; que lli, che danno mi$ure de piede$ta
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parents:
diff changeset
5968 li, pare, che s'habbiano formato di loro capo le mi$ure di quelli, in que generi, doue non $i tro-
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parents:
diff changeset
5969 uano. Ma nello Ionico, Corinthio, &amp; composto, $e ne truouano. come nel pre$ente libro, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
5970 nel quinto doue $i ragiona del poggio della $cena, $i uede chiaramente. &amp; molti e$<*>empi, ne $ono
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parents:
diff changeset
5971 in Roma, ne gli archi, Tempij, &amp; Theatri. Que$ti hanno diuer$e mi$ure, &amp; tutte per&ograve; $i ca-
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parents:
diff changeset
5972 uano dall'altezza della colonna con la $ua ba$a, &amp; capitello, perche altri$ono la terza parte,
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parents:
diff changeset
5973 come quelli dell'arco fatto al ca$tel uecchio di Verona, d'opera Corinthia $ommamente lodata.
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parents:
diff changeset
5974 Altri$ono per la quarta parte, come $ono quelli del Coli$eo: altri $ono d'una quarta &amp; meza,
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parents:
diff changeset
5975 come nell'arco fatto da Traiano in memoria della uittoria di Dacia, $ul porto d' Ancona: &amp; &egrave; ope-
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parents:
diff changeset
5976 ra Corinthia bella &amp; $chietta. Altri della quinta, come $i &egrave; o<02>eruato. &amp; que$ta diuer$it&agrave; na-
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parents:
diff changeset
5977 $ce, perche con diuer$e intentioni l' Architetto $opplire intende alla grandezza, o bellezza delle
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parents:
diff changeset
5978 fabriche, Vitruuio ragionando nel quinto, del poggio della $cena, fa il piede$talo d'uno terzo,
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parents:
diff changeset
5979 proportionando, &amp; il poggio, &amp; le colonne al diametro dell'Orche$tra; &amp; &egrave; belli$$ima forma. i
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parents:
diff changeset
5980 piedi$tali ad unque, per le fatte o$$eruationi, $i partirano in otto parti nella loro altezza. di que-
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parents:
diff changeset
5981 $te una ua per gli ornamenti, o membrelli di $opra, che $ono come un capitello del piede$talo: due $i
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parents:
diff changeset
5982 danno alla ba$a, il re$to al dado, o tronco di mezo. La ba$a $i parte in tre parti, due $i danno al
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parents:
diff changeset
5983 zocco, l'altra all'altre parti. $i che gli ornamenti di $otto, o membrelli che $iano, $ono doppij in
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parents:
diff changeset
5984 altezza a gli ornamenti, o membrelli di $opra, che Vitru. chiama, quadre, corone, li$is. Sole-
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parents:
diff changeset
5985 uano gli antichi $otto la ba$a del piede$talo porre uno, o due zocchi, non meno alti di tutta la ba-
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parents:
diff changeset
5986 $a del piede$talo. &amp; que$to per dar fermezza, &amp; grandezza alle opere. $oleuano anche $otto l'or-
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parents:
diff changeset
5987 lo della ba$a della colonna porre un'altro zocco, ilche $pecialmente u$auano di fare ne gli archi.
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parents:
diff changeset
5988 &amp; tutta la ba$a, col detto zocco era d'un pezzo, perche la fu$$e piu atta, a $o$tener i pe$i, come
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parents:
diff changeset
5989 $i uede nell'arco d' Ancona, ne gli archi di Settimio, &amp; di Tito, &amp; di Con$tantino in Roma, &amp;
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parents:
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5990 in altri luoghi d'Italia. Ma prima, che io de$criua co$a alcuna, mi pare conueniente e$ponere l'o-
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parents:
diff changeset
5991 rigine, &amp; ragione de i uocaboli, &amp; nomi po$ti alle parti, &amp; membri delle fabriche; accioche
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parents:
diff changeset
5992 $empre non $i habbia a tornar da capo. Fu la colonna (come s'&egrave; detto) ritrouata per $o$tenere
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parents:
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5993 i pe$i. &amp; prima cra di legno, &amp; ritonda. crebbe poi il di$iderio della grandezza, &amp; perpetui-
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5994 t&agrave; con la concorrenza de gli huomini, d'onde la terra fu $ollecitata, &amp; dalle ui$cere di quella fu-
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parents:
diff changeset
5995 rono cauate le pietre, &amp; i marmi. la onde hebbero luogo le colonne di marmo, ma in modo, che
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parents:
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5996 tene$$ero qualche $imiglianza con le colonne di legno, lequali, accioche per li pe$i non $i fende$-
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parents:
diff changeset
5997 $ero, haueuano dalle te$te alcuni cerchi di ferro, &amp; alcune anella, che re$trigneuano i capi di</I>
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parents:
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5998 <pb n="141">
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parents:
diff changeset
5999 <I>que tronchi. doue gli Architetti ad imitatione di quelle, indu$$ero le fa$cie di $opra, &amp; di $otto
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parents:
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6000 i fu$ti delle colonne, &amp; accrebbero poi quelle parti, di modo, che la parte di $opra chiamarono
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parents:
diff changeset
6001 capitello, &amp; quella di $otto nominarono ba$a. Nella ba$a o<02>eruarono, che la larghezza $ua
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parents:
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6002 fu$$e maggiore dell'altezza, dapoi, che $porta<02>e alquanto piu del fusto della colonna, ad imita-
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parents:
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6003 tione del piede humano: &amp; co$i anche l'infima parte della ba$a fu$$e alquanto piu larga di quel-
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parents:
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6004 la di $opra; $i come era il piede$talo piu largo della ba$a: &amp; il fondamento piu largo del piede-
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parents:
diff changeset
6005 $talo, ad imitatione della natura, come hauemo detto. Ba$a &egrave; nome Greco, in latino $i chiama
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parents:
diff changeset
6006 $pira. perche $pira $ignifica giro, o uoluta: &amp; le ba$e erano ritonde, imitando i cerchi, &amp; le anel-
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parents:
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6007 la. ma i Greci chiamano ba$e con miglior comparatione, perche ba$is, uuol dire piede: &amp; la ba-
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parents:
diff changeset
6008 $a &egrave; piede della colonna. &amp; per&ograve; anche i nomi delle parti delle ba$e, da Greci $ono $tati po$ti
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parents:
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6009 con que$to ri$petto del piede humano, &amp; d'altre parti, &amp; anche del $uo calzare, perche fanno
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parents:
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6010 le ba$e di membri co$i chiamat, come $ono Plinthus, Torus, Scocia, Trochilus, Quadra, Su-
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parents:
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6011 percilium, A$tragali. Plinthus &egrave; nome Greco, $ignifica mattone, laterculum, ouero cata$trum:
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parents:
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6012 &amp; da uulgari &egrave; detto orlo: perche zocco &egrave; quello, che &egrave; $otto la ba$a; che io chiamerei piu pre-
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parents:
diff changeset
6013 $to $ottoba$a, che zocco: &amp; Plinthus chiamerei zocco, o quadrello. Torus &egrave; uno membrello
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parents:
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6014 ritondo, che ua$opra l'orlo, &egrave; detto in Greco $tiuas: &amp; $i chiama Torus, perche &egrave; come una
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parents:
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6015 gonfiezza carno$a, ouero come uno piumazzetto. noi perche &egrave; ritondo lo chiamamo ba$tone: &amp;
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6016 France$i, bozel, per la i$te$$a ragione. Scocia &egrave; Greco, &amp; $ignifica ombro$o, &amp; o$curo; per-
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parents:
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6017 che &egrave; un membro cauo, che fa ombra; per&ograve; i no$tri lo chiamano cauetto. altri $corza, perche &egrave;
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parents:
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6018 come la $corza di mezo ba$tone: France$i chiamano il cauetto contrabozel. Trochilus da Gre-
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parents:
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6019 ci, orbiculus, da latini &egrave; detto, perche a$$imiglia una rotella, che $opra il taglio habbia un cana-
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parents:
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6020 le, come hanno i raggi delle taglie, $opra liquali uanno le funi. Quadra, &amp; li$tella, &amp; filette
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parents:
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6021 in France$e, che &egrave; la gro$$ezza d'alcuni membrelli, &amp; &egrave; un pianuzzo &amp; regola quadra di $opra
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parents:
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6022 il cauetto, come &egrave; il $opraciglio a gli A$tragali. A$tragalus &egrave; co$i detto dalla forma di quell'o$-
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parents:
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6023 $o, che &egrave; nella giontura del collo del piede; latinamente &egrave; detto Talus; che uolgarmente $i chia-
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6024 ma talone, ma gli Architetti pure dalla forma il chiamano tondino, et nelle ba$e $e ne fanno due.
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parents:
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6025 I di$egni di que$ti membrelli, $aranno qui $otto, con le loro lettere, &amp; nomi partitamente di<02>e-
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parents:
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6026 gnati. Noi po$cia poneremo tutti gli ordini di$tintamente prima, che $i uenga al te$to di Vitru.
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parents:
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6027 accioche, con la imitatione del Filandro facciamo chiara tutta la pre$ente materia. laquale ha
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6028 bi$ogno di que$ta ordinatione. &amp; $atisfaremo anche a quelli, che non $i curano di tanta Filo$ofia,
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6029 &amp; che ci fanno oppo$itione di troppo alti concetti, &amp; di$cor$i, con i quali io non uoglio $cu$ar-
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parents:
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6030 mi, perche dubiterei di non gli credere, et non di dare ad intendere a me $te$$o che fu$$e uero, che
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6031 o fu$$e piu Theorico, che pratico.</I>
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diff changeset
6032 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
6033 <p><I>A. Plinthus, Laterculus, uel lata$trum. Orlo.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
6034 <p><I>B. Thorus, $tiuas. rondbozel. ba$tone.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
6035 <p><I>C. Scotia, cauetto, $corza. cont<*>abozel. orbiculus. Trochilus.</I>
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diff changeset
6036 <pb n="142">
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parents:
diff changeset
6037 <p><I>D. A$trag alus. Talus. tondino.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
6038 <p><I>E. Quadra. li$tello. Filette.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
6039 <p><I>F. &egrave; quella parte doue termina il fu$to della colonna, detta cimbia, ouero annulo, o le$tello
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parents:
diff changeset
6040 dell'Apofige, della quale $i dir &agrave; dapoi.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
6041 <p><I>La ba$a To$cana ha di que$te parti, l'orlo, &amp; il ba$tone. la mi$ura dt<*> que$ta &egrave;, che e$$er deue
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parents:
diff changeset
6042 alta quanto &egrave; la met&agrave; del diametro della colonna. Que$ta altezza $i diuide in due parti, l'una $i
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parents:
diff changeset
6043 da all' orlo, ilquale in que$ta ba$a &egrave; fatto a $e$ta. l'altra $i d&agrave; al ba$tone, con quella parte, che $i
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parents:
diff changeset
6044 chiama apofige, &amp; apothe$i; che $ono certe piegature dalle teste de i fu$ti dellc colonne, che dan-
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parents:
diff changeset
6045 no gratia mirabile, quando $ono ben fatte. &amp; pare, che fuggino, &amp; $iano ritratte. per&ograve; hanno
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parents:
diff changeset
6046 in Greco que$te nominanze, apothe$i, &amp; apofige. quella di $opra &egrave; detta collarino, &amp; quella di
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parents:
diff changeset
6047 $otto, cimbia, &amp; $ono in modo, che $e amendue fu$$ero congiunte in$ieme farebbeno la forma del
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parents:
diff changeset
6048 cauetto. Lo $porto dell' orlo &egrave; per la terza parte dell' altezza della ba$a. il ba$tone ha tanto di
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parents:
diff changeset
6049 $porto, quanto l'orlo. et $i fa con la $e$ta; benche qui pare quadro, per&ograve; $i cono$ce dal $uo fon-
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parents:
diff changeset
6050 damento. il $emidiametro del ba$tone, &egrave; termine della cimbia, perche ella non pa$$a piu oltre il
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parents:
diff changeset
6051 $egno a. laqual cimbia, &egrave; l'ottaua parte alta dell' altezza di tutta la ba$a. que$ta nelli generi Do-
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parents:
diff changeset
6052 rico, Ionico, et Corinthio &egrave; parte della colonna, ma nel To$cano &egrave; parte della ba$a, et $i fa a $e$ta
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parents:
diff changeset
6053 in que$to modo. Cada una linea dal dritto della colonna apiombo $opra l'orlo, et quella parte,
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parents:
diff changeset
6054 che $porta oltra il dritto della colonna $iapartita in tre parti eguali</I> 1. 2. 3. <I>et uiene portata
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parents:
diff changeset
6055 in fuori dallo e$tremo della cimbia. dal punto a. al punto b. et allargata la $esta dal punto a. al
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parents:
diff changeset
6056 punto e. $opra'l quale cade il dritto della colonna, $i ferma l'un piede in b. et con l'altro $i fa il
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parents:
diff changeset
6057 punto d. ilquale deue e$$ere centro di quel giro, che regge la piega della cimbia. $imilmente con
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parents:
diff changeset
6058 quella $e$ta co$i allargata $i piglia la di$tanza da, e, &agrave; c. $opra il fu$to della colonna. et po$ta
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parents:
diff changeset
6059 la $e$ta in c. $i taglia il punto d. ilquale &egrave; centro dell' Apofige, o cimbia che $i dica. la figura
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parents:
diff changeset
6060 &egrave; qui$otto. A. B. C. nella pianta $ono $egni delle parti della ba$a. A. ri$ponde alla cimbia
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parents:
diff changeset
6061 detta Apofige. B. al ba$tone detto Torus. C. all' orlo, detto Plinthus, che nella ba$a To$ca-
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parents:
diff changeset
6062 na, &egrave; fatto a $esta, come s'&egrave; detto. La colonna deue e$$er alta$ette teste con la ba$a, &amp; il capi-
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parents:
diff changeset
6063 tello. ma rastremata la quarta parte della' gro$$ezza da piedi, cio&egrave; uno ottauo per parte. Nel
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parents:
diff changeset
6064 capitello To$cano ci$ono queste parti, Abaco Echino, Hipotrachelio, &amp; Apofige. Tutti i ca-
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parents:
diff changeset
6065 pitelli conuengono in que$to membro, che $i chiama Abaco. ilquale &egrave; una tauola quadra, detta
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parents:
diff changeset
6066 operculum da Leone, &amp; Dado da no$tri. perche &egrave; di forma quadrangulare, &amp; nel To$cano $i
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parents:
diff changeset
6067 puo chiamar zocco, &amp; Plinthus. Conuengono tutti i capitelli, che tutti $i po$ano, &amp; s'incon-
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parents:
diff changeset
6068 trano con le lin<*>e cia$cuno della colonna $ua, nel fusto di $opra, doue &egrave; fatta la contrattione, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
6069 diminutione della colonna. Le mi$ure del capitello To$cano $onoque$te. Prima egli &egrave; alto quan-
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parents:
diff changeset
6070 to la ba$a, cio&egrave; per la met&agrave; della gro$$ezza della colonna da piedi. Que$ta altezza $i diuide in
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parents:
diff changeset
6071 tre parti, l'una $i d&agrave; all' Abaco, o zocco, o dado, che uogliamo chiamare. quella di mezo al-
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parents:
diff changeset
6072 l'Echino, cio&egrave; ouolo, del quale $i dir&agrave; hora, che co$a uuol dire. La terza $i re$trigne all' hypotra-
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parents:
diff changeset
6073 chelio, o collarino, &amp; apofige. Echino $ignifica il riccio di ca$tagna, il riccio animale d'acqua,
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parents:
diff changeset
6074 &amp; diterra. chiama$i que$ta parte Echino, perche in e$$a $i $colpiuano iricci di ca$tagna. doue-
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parents:
diff changeset
6075 mo imaginarci molti ricci di castagna l'uno appre$$o dell' altro aperti, &amp; che mo$trino le ca$ta-
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parents:
diff changeset
6076 gne quando $ono mature. que$ti fanno un bel uedere, &amp; adornano mirabilmente. Que$ta par-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
6077 te Vitru. chiama Encarpi, parlando del capitello Ionico: perche erano ornati di frutti, &amp; di
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parents:
diff changeset
6078 foglie, come $i uede in molti capitelli antichi. i moderni chiamano que$ta parte Ouolo, non $apen
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parents:
diff changeset
6079 do l'origine, &amp; parendo loro, che $iano oua $colpite. Encarpi $i po$$ono chiamare, fe$toni.
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parents:
diff changeset
6080 Hipotrachelio, &egrave; una $ottogola, alla $imiglianza del collo dell' huomo. Faccia$i adunque il da-
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parents:
diff changeset
6081 do, o Plinto, per uno $e$to della gro$$ezza della colonna, che uiene a e$$er un terzo della met&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
6082 del diametro. L'ouolo occupa la parte di mezo. Questi accioche $ia tirato a $e$ta, bi$ogna
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parents:
diff changeset
6083 tirar una linea dal dritto della colonna di$opra, fin all' Abaco, &amp; diuidere in due parti eguali
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parents:
diff changeset
6084 quello $porto dell' Abaco che auanza, &amp; di quelle riportarne una in dentro, &amp; far punto. a.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
6085 <pb n="143">
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parents:
diff changeset
6086 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
6087 <pb n="144">
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parents:
diff changeset
6088 <I>&amp; po$ta la $e$ta $opra l'e$tremo li$tello, che ua$otto l'ouolo (che &egrave; alto la $e$ta parte di quella,
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parents:
diff changeset
6089 che ua all' hipotrachelio) allargata al punto, a. $i $a un poco di giro. &amp; dall' c$tremit&agrave; dello aba-
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parents:
diff changeset
6090 co $i $a il mede$imo, &amp; nello incrocciamento $i pone la $esta, &amp; $i tira l'Ouolo leggiadramente,
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parents:
diff changeset
6091 la$ciando all' Abaco alquanto di prominenza per garbo. lo Hipotrachelio, o $ottogola, $i fa
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parents:
diff changeset
6092 al modo che $i fa l'Apofige: &amp; &egrave; alto il doppio del li$tello $otto l'ouolo. la $ua cimbia &egrave; alta la me-
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parents:
diff changeset
6093 t&agrave;, cio&egrave; tanto, quanto il listello $otto l'ouolo. il tondo $porta oltra lo $porto del detto listello, per-
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parents:
diff changeset
6094 che la$ciando cadere una linea a piombo dalla estremit&agrave; del listello, doue &egrave; il punto. g. $opra quella
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parents:
diff changeset
6095 $ar&agrave; il centro di fare il giro &amp; tondo predetto, ma la piegatura $otto la cimbia, $i fa al $opradetto
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parents:
diff changeset
6096 modo. facendo il centro, come $i &egrave; detto la doue &egrave; h. &amp; l.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6097 <p><I>E. Abacus, Plinthuo, dado.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6098 <p><I>F. Echinus, ouero Ouolo.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
6099 <p><I>G. Annulus, Listello.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
6100 <p><I>H. I. K. L. Hypotrachelium con Apofigi. cio&egrave; parte contratta alla $ottogola, con
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parents:
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6101 la cimbia.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
6102 <p><I>Sopra'l capitello $i pone l'architraue, con quelle ragioni, che porta la ragione dell' opera, $e-
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parents:
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6103 condo, che dir&agrave; Vitr. nel quarto. al qual luogo io mi riporto. Ma uenire &egrave; nece$$ario al genere
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parents:
diff changeset
6104 Dorico, $e noi uogliamo $eguitare l'ordine propo$to. per&ograve; diremo in$ieme con Vitr. che il Dorico
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parents:
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6105 non ha ba$a propria, ma alcuna fiata $e le d&agrave; la ba$a Attica, la quale $i forma di queste parti,
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parents:
diff changeset
6106 Plinthus, torus inferior, quadr&oelig;, torus, $uperior, $cotia. Que$te parti gia $ono dichiarite qua-
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parents:
diff changeset
6107 li $iano. ha dunque la detta ba$a, l'orlo, due ba$toni, uno cauetto tra quelli, con i$uoi quadret-
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parents:
diff changeset
6108 ti, li$telli, o gradetti, che $i dichino l'uno di $opra il cauetto, &amp; l'altro di $otto. La mi$ura di
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parents:
diff changeset
6109 que$ta ba$a &egrave;, che ella &egrave; alta la met&agrave; della gro$$ezza della colonna, la lungezza &egrave; per una gro$-
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6110 $ezza &amp; meza. Si diuide poi la gro$$ezza della colonna in tre parti, l'una $i d&agrave; all' altezza del-
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6111 l'orlo, il re$tante $i partir&agrave; in quattro parti, una delle quali $i dar&agrave; al ba$tone di $opra, le altre
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6112 tre $i partiranno in due parti eguali, l'una $i dar&agrave; al ba$tone di $otto, l'altra al cauet-
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6113 to con li $uoi gradetti. que$ta parte del cauetto $i diuide in $ei parti, una delle quali $i d&agrave; al
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6114 gradetto di $opra, l'altra al gradetto di $otto. Le quattro re$tano al cauetto. lo $porto del basto
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6115 ne di $otto, ua di pari con l'orlo, &amp; $i fa il $uo giro a $e$ta, come s'&egrave; detto. lo $porto del gradetto
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6116 di $otto ua di pari col $emidiametro del ba$tone di $otto. lo $porto del gradetto di $opra, ua di pa-
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6117 ri della cimbia. La cimbia di pari del $emidiametro del ba$tone di $opra. Il quale $emidiametro,
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6118 &egrave; oltra il dritto della colonna, la terza parte dello $porto dell' orlo oltra il dritto della colonna.
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6119 Lo $mu$$o, o giro dell' Apophige, $i fa a que$to modo. La$cia cadere dal dritto della colonna una
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6120 linea $opra la cimbia, &amp; partirai quello $patio, che &egrave; rinchiu$o tra la detta linea, &amp; lo $porto
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6121 della cimbia, in due parti, &amp; una di quelle allungherai oltra lo $porto della cimbia, &amp; piglia con
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6122 la $e$ta tutta quella mi$ura, che &egrave; contenuta $otto le tre parti dallo dritto della colonna, &amp; farai
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6123 lo incrocciamento, come s'&egrave; detto. Il cauetto $i tira congiudicio, benche $i puo fare tirando una
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6124 linea dallo e$tremo del gradetto di$opra allo e$tremo del gradetto di $otto, &amp; facendo il centro
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diff changeset
6125 $opra quella linea, &amp; tirando il giro dall' uno, &amp; l'altro e$tremo de i gradetti, &amp; rie$ce bene.</I>
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6126 <p><I>A. Abacus, orlo.</I>
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6127 <p><I>B. Torus inferior, bastone di $otto.</I>
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6128 <p>2. <I>Quadre, li$telle, o gradetti.</I>
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6129 <p><I>C. Scotia.</I>
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6130 <p><I>D. Torus $uperior. ba$tone di $opra.</I>
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parents:
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6131 <p><I>E F. apophigis. cimbia. $mu$$o.</I>
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diff changeset
6132 <p><I>La colonna Dorica &egrave; alta $ette te$te, &amp; $i contragge $econdo la ragione dell' altezza $ua, come
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6133 $i dir&agrave; poi. Il capitello Dorico. ha queste parti, Plinthus, Cymatium, Echinus cum annulis,
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diff changeset
6134 pars, qu&oelig; hypotrachelio contrahitur column&aelig;, cio&egrave; zocco, o dado, cima$a, ouer ouolo, annel-
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6135 la, collarino, delle quali s'&egrave; detto la origine, &amp; deriuatione. Ma le mi$ure $ono queste.</I>
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6136 <pb n="145">
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6137 <p><I>La gro$$ezza del capitello &egrave; per la met&agrave; della gro$$ezza della colonna. La largh&egrave;zza &egrave; per
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6138 tutta la gro$$ezza della colonna, &amp; di piu uno $e$to; $econdo Vitruuio. Ma nell' antico $i truoua,
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6139 &amp; rie$ce meglio un quinto per parte. Diuiderai la gro$$ezza del capitello in tre parti, delle quali
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6140 una $i d&agrave; al zocco con la $ua Cima$a, l'altra all' ouolo con le anella, l'altra $i contragge al collarino
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6141 della colonna. Di modo che la larghezza, o gro$$ezza del capitello &egrave; due quinti piu della gro$$ez
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parents:
diff changeset
6142 za della colonna. l'altezza del zocco, o dado, $i diuide in cinque parti, tre delle quali $i danno
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6143 al zocco, &amp; due alla $ua Cima$a. &amp; quelle due $i diuideno in tre parti; due delle quali $i danno al
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diff changeset
6144 la Cima$a, &amp; una al quadretto. Finito il zocco, &amp; la cima$a, $eguita l'ouolo, &amp; le anella $ue.
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6145 l'altezza dell' ouolo $i diuide in tre parti, due delle quali, $i danno all' ouolo, una alle anella
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6146 Que$ti $ono tre, &amp; $ono alti tanto l'uno quanto l'altro. Sporta il primo oltra il dritto della colon
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parents:
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6147 na di $opra la met&agrave; dell' altezza $ua: &amp; il $econdo $porta oltra il primo, anch'egli la met&agrave; della
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6148 $ua gro$$ezza; &amp; il terzo, che &egrave; di $opra, fa il $imile oltra il $econdo. ma non $arebbe male, che
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6149 cia$cuno $porta$$e tanto, quanto &egrave; l'altezza $ua. l'ouolo $i fa a $e$ta, pigliando$i con la $e$ta la
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6150 di$tanza, che &egrave; dallo e$tremo dell' ultimo anello, fin $otto l'abaco, &amp; facendo$i lo incrocciamen-
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6151 to da quello e$tremo, &amp; anche $otto l'abaco, &amp; ponendo$i la $e$ta nello taglio dello incrocciamen
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6152 to. Seguita la parte, che $i contragge alla $ottogola, che da alcuni $i chiama fregio. que$ta con
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6153 la $ua bella piega peruiene fin' alla cimbia. &amp; a$tragalo, o tondino, che $i dica, &amp; $i uiene ad
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6154 incontrare col dritto della colonna di $opra. Il tondino &egrave; alte, quanto $ono tutte tre le anella, &amp;
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parents:
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6155 la met&agrave; di uno, porge in fuori quanto l'ouolo. La cimbia &egrave; alta per la met&agrave; del tondino. porge a
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6156 piombo del $emidiametro del tondino: il re$to $i fa al modo $opra detto. Gli antichi $oleuano pone
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6157 re $opra il capitello una aggiunta non molto alta, che po$aua $u'l zocco, al dritto della colonna
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parents:
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6158 di $opra; &amp; que$to faceuano, perche lo architraue $i po$a$$e $u'l uiuo del capitello, &amp; della co-
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6159 lonna, &amp; non rompe$$e gli $porti. L'architraue detto trabs, conle parti di quello, che gli $ta
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6160 $opra, ha que$te parti, che $i dicono in latino, Epi$tilium, Tenia, Gutt&oelig;, trigliphi, metop&oelig;, re
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6161 gula, capitula, canales, femora, cimacium, corona, Timpanum, acroteria, $ima. Le $ignifi
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parents:
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6162 cationi delle quali co$e $ono que$te. Epi$tilium &egrave; tutto quello, che ua $opra le colonne; &amp; capitel
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parents:
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6163 li, per nome generale: ma propriamente &egrave; la traue mae$tra, che architraue uolgarmente $i chia
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6164 ma; Epi$tilium uuol dire impo$ta di colonne. que$ti nel genere Dorico ha una fa$cia, ouero ben-
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parents:
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6165 da, che $i chiama tenia, $otto la quale con una regoletta $ono intagliate le goccie, che fanno lo
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parents:
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6166 effetto delle goccie dell' acqua, che cade, &amp; $ono $ei di numero, per ogni testa di traue, che &egrave;
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6167 rappre$entata per li trigliphi. la origine de i quali &egrave; que$ta. Nelle fabriche di legno $oleuano $por
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6168 tare le te$te delle traui, le quali $i chiamauano, ope, &amp; lo $pacio, che era tra una te$ta, &amp; l'al-
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parents:
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6169 tra, metopa, $i diceua. perche poi non pareuano bene quelle te$te co$i nude, &amp; $coperte, gli an
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6170 tichi le copriuano con certe tauolette, &amp; quelle con cera di diuer$i colori dipigneuano. Ma quel
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6171 li, che non di legno, ma di pietra magnificamente lauorauano, imitando quelle te$te, fecero quel
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6172 li membri, che Triglifi chiamarono, qua$i Tri$olci, perche $ono tagliati in tre canali, due intie-
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6173 ri, &amp; uno mezo per lato. da que$ti canali pare, che cadino le goccie gia de<*>te. Cli$patij, che $o
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6174 no tra i canali, $i chiamano femora, noi per altri ri$petti potemo nominarli piani. i Triglifi han-
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6175 no i loro capitelli $opra i quali &egrave; la cornice, che $i chiama corona, perche cigne lo ediftcio come
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6176 corona. Moderni la chiamano gocciolatoio, perche da quella gocciolano le acque cele$ti, &amp;
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6177 $ono gettate lontane dallo edificio. Que$ta cornice ha due cima$e, o gole, una di$otto, &amp; l'altra
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6178 di $opra; &amp; $ono adornamenti $uoi. Sopra la cornice &egrave; il Fa$tigio, che noi chiamamo Fronti$pi-
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6179 cio, che ha un piano nel mezo, che $i chiama Timpano, perche &egrave; cinto da i mede$imi membri del
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6180 la corona, &amp; da una gola $chiacciata, che $i chiama $ima, a $imiglianza del na$o delle capre.
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6181 Oltra di que$to il Fronti$picio ha da i lati, &amp; nel mezo di $opra gli acroterij, che $ono alcuni pi-
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6182 la$trelli, $opra i quali, $i poneuano le $tatue: &amp; quelli da i lati moriuano nel tetto, &amp; quello di
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6183 mezo era libero. Hora ueniamo alle mi$ure. La grandezza dello architraue in altezza con la
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6184 benda, &amp; goccie$ue, &egrave; per la met&agrave; della gro$$ezza della colonna. que$ta met&agrave; hora chiameremo</I>
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6185 <foot><I>T</I></foot>
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6186 <pb n="146">
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6187 <I>modulo. La benda, fa$cia, o Tenia, che $i dica, &egrave; per la $ettima parte del modulo. le goccie
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6188 con la regoletta la $e$ta. que$ta regoletta ua $opra le goccie, &amp; di tre parti, ne occupa una, di
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6189 quella $e$ta parte. La larghezza dello Architraue, cio&egrave; il piano di $otto, che $i po$a $opra'l capi
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6190 tello, e$$er deue tanto, quanto il collarino della colonna di $opra; perche co$i uenir&agrave; a po$ar$i
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6191 $u'l uiuo. L'altezza de i Triglifi &egrave; per un modulo &amp; mezo, larghi nella fronte un modulo. que$ta
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6192 fronte ha due canali nel mezo intieri, &amp; due mezi dalle parti, &amp; $ono tagliati in modo, che lo
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6193 angulo della $quadra u'entri nel mezo, &amp; le braccia della $quadra facciano le $ponde. &amp; accio-
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6194 che $iano giu$ti, $i diuide la larghezza del Triglifo in $ei parti, &amp; $ene la$cia meza parte per ban
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6195 da per li mezi canali, dopo i quali, $ene la$cia una per parte, per li pianuzzi, che Vitr. chia-
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6196 ma femora. dopo i piani, $ono i canaletti uno per banda, &amp; $ono intieri, occupando cia$cuno
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6197 una parte delle $ei, &amp; nel mezo i due canali u'&egrave; il $uo piano, che occupa la $e$ta parte. Bi$ogna
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6198 auuertire, che'l mezo del Triglifo $ia $opra'l mezo del quadro della colonna. Le metope $ono qua
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6199 dre perfette, cio&egrave; tanto alte, quanto larghe: &amp; quelle metope, che $ono $opra gli anguli, $ono
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6200 meze, ma non a punto, ma meno delle met&agrave;, perche co$irie$ce il compartimento; come $i ueder&agrave;
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6201 nel quarto libro. Soprai</I> T<I>riglifi $ono i capitelli loro, alti la $e$ta parte d'un modulo: &amp; $oprai
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6202 capitelli &egrave; la corona o gocciolatio, alta o gro$$a con le $ue cima$e mezo modulo. que$ta altezza
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6203 $i diuide in quattro parti, l'una $i d&agrave; alla cima$a di $opra, la una alla cima$a di $otto, due allo
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diff changeset
6204 $pacio, ch'&egrave; tra una cima$a, &amp; l'altra. la cima$a ha il $uo li$tello, alto un terzo, &amp; gli altri due
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6205 $i danno alla piegatura della $ua gola. La corona $porta per la met&agrave;, &amp; uno $e$to d'un modulo,
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6206 &amp; ha alcuni tagli come dentelli di $otto, accioche cadendo le goccie, non po$$ano uenire longo
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6207 il muro, ouero le colonne, &amp; gua$tarle; &amp; per que$ta parte for$e &egrave; detta gocciolatio, &amp; quella par
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6208 te &egrave; detta da Vitr. mento dalla corona, et que luoghi, $cotia, ouero cauetti. le gole del gocciolatoio
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6209 $ono una al contrario dell' altra, come $i uede nella figura. Cli antichi ornauano gli $patij delle me
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6210 tope c&omacr; te$te di bue ben date, con le patine de' $acrificij, et altre co$e, doue io laudo la inu&emacr;tione del
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6211 San$ouino, che nelle metope de i portichi $otto la libreri a publica ha collocato le in$egne della Re
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6212 publica col farui la parte dinanzi del Leone alato. Similmente, $otto il piano della cornice alla
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6213 parte, che guarda in giu, &amp; $porta in fuori, $i $colpiuano alcune goccie $opra i Trigli-
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6214 fi, &amp; alcune ro$e $opra le metope, le goccie ri$pondeuano alle goccie, che $ono $otto i Triglifi,
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6215 &amp; erano ritonde, &amp; $e ne poneuano $ei per parte. &amp; diciotto per largo, &amp; la figura lo dimo-
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6216 $tra. Del fronti$picio diremo nel genere Ionico.</I>
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6217 <TABLE>
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6218 <ROW><COL><I>A. Plinthus.</I></COL><COL><I>orlo.</I></COL><COL><24>. <I>Supercilium.</I></COL><COL><I>li$tello.</I></COL><COL></COL></ROW>
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6219 <ROW><COL><I>B. Torus.</I></COL><COL><I>ba$tone.</I></COL><COL><I>D. Torus $uperior.</I></COL><COL><I>ba$tone di $opra</I></COL><COL><I>Le parti della ba$a attica.</I></COL></ROW>
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6220 <ROW><COL><I>C. Scotia.</I></COL><COL><I>cauetto.</I></COL><COL><I>E. F. apophige.</I></COL><COL><I>cimbia.</I></COL><COL></COL></ROW>
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6221 </TABLE>
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6222 <p>Le parti del capitello
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6223 Dorico.
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6224 <p>Le parti dello Architraue Dorico, &amp; della cornice,
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6225 &amp; del fronti$picio.
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6226 <TABLE>
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6227 <ROW><COL><I>G. Gola. G. H. dado.</I></COL><COL><I>C. regoletta.</I></COL><COL><I>K. Gola.</I></COL></ROW>
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6228 <ROW><COL><I>I. Ouolo.</I></COL><COL><I>D. fa$cia.</I></COL><COL><I>L. gocciolatoio.</I></COL></ROW>
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6229 <ROW><COL><I>K. anelli.</I></COL><COL><I>E. piano.</I></COL><COL><I>M. gola del gocciolatoio.</I></COL></ROW>
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6230 <ROW><COL><I>L. fregio.</I></COL><COL><I>F. canale.</I></COL><COL><I>N. Timpano.</I></COL></ROW>
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6231 <ROW><COL><I>M. Tondino. N. Cimbia.</I></COL><COL><I>C. meropa.</I></COL><COL><I>O. p. q. parti del fronti$picio che</I></COL></ROW>
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6232 <ROW><COL></COL><COL><I>H. $emimeropa.</I></COL><COL><I>ri$pondeno al gocciolatoio.</I></COL></ROW>
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6233 <ROW><COL><I>A. Architraue.</I></COL><COL></COL><COL><I>R. gola. o Sima.</I></COL></ROW>
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6234 <ROW><COL><I>B. goccie.</I></COL><COL><I>F.E. triglifo.</I></COL><COL><I>S. pila$trello ouero acroterio do</I></COL></ROW>
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6235 <ROW><COL></COL><COL><I>I.Capitello del triglifo.</I></COL><COL><I>ue uanno le $tatue.</I></COL></ROW>
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6236 </TABLE>
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6237 <pb n="147">
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6238 <fig>
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6239 <foot>T 2</foot>
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6240 <pb n="148">
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6241 <fig>
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6242 <pb n="149">
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6243 <p><I>La ba$a Ionica $i forma a que$to modo. $ia la larghezza $ua per ogni uer$o tanto, quanto &egrave; la
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6244 gro$$ezza della colonna, &amp; di piu tanto quanto &egrave; un quarto, &amp; un'ottauo della detta gro$$ez-
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6245 za, cio&egrave; $e diuiderai il diametro della colonna in $edici parti, $ia tanto allungato, che ne hab-
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6246 bia uentidue: et que$ta $ia la larghezza della ba$a. l'altezza &egrave; per la met&agrave; della gro$$ezza della co
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6247 lonna. L'orlo &egrave; la terza parte dell' altezza. il re$tante $i diuide in $ette parti, tre delle quali $i danno
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6248 al ba$tone di $opra, due $i danno al cauetto con il $uo tondino, &amp; $opraciglio, &amp; due al cauetto di
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6249 $otto con il $uo $opraeiglio. i tondini $i fanno per l'ottaua parte del cauetto. Ma ben parer&agrave;, che'l
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6250 cauetto di $otto $ia maggiore, percioche egli $porter&agrave; fin allo e$tremo dell'orlo. Lo $porto di $o-
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6251 pra, oltra la gro$$ezza della colonna $i fa a que$to modo. piglia tre parti della diui$ione del dia-
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6252 metro, che $ono la ottaua, &amp; $e$ta decima parte, &amp; quelle diuiderai per mezo, &amp; tanto $ar&agrave; lo
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6253 $porto, cio&egrave; d'una parte et meza, dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra; et tanto &egrave; lo $porto della $pira,
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6254 doue $i fa la cimbia con le ragioni dette di $opra. l'altezza della cimbia &egrave; per un terzo dell' al-
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6255 tezza del ba$tone, il centro del quale &egrave; $opra la linea, che di$cende dallo $porto della cimbia.
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6256 i tondini deono e$$er toccati da una linea, che $i parte dallo e$tremo $opraciglio, allo e$tremo
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6257 del li$tello, che &egrave; $opra l'orlo, et $otto il cauetto inferiore. i cauetti $i fanno al modo $opra
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6258 detto. et que$ta &egrave; la de$crittione della ba$a Ionica. l'altezza della colonna in diuer$e maniere di
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6259 fabriche, &egrave; diuer$a. I $uoi ra$trenamenti$ono regolati da Vitr. $econdo le altezze $ue, per&ograve; $i di
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6260 ra del capitello.</I>
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6261 <p><I>Tira una linea che $ia tanto lunga quanto &egrave; gro$$a la colonna da piedi. Que$ta diuiderai in
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6262 parti dieciotto, et ne aggiungnerai una di e$$e, $i che $ar&agrave; in tutto parti diecinoue. hora tutta
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parents:
diff changeset
6263 que$ta $ar&agrave; la lunghezza, et larghezza del capitello. Ma l'altezza con le uolute $ar&agrave; per la
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parents:
diff changeset
6264 met&agrave;, cio&egrave; parti noue, et mezo: dico con le uolute, perche la gro$$ezza del capitello, &egrave; un ter
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parents:
diff changeset
6265 zo della gro$$ezza delle colonne, et le uolute $ono ornamenti, et non parti del capitello, &amp; uan
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parents:
diff changeset
6266 no piu in giu del capitello. Manderai dunqne a ba$$o de gli e$tremi di que$ta linea i catheti.
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parents:
diff changeset
6267 cio&egrave; linee a piombo, tanto lunghe, quanto $ono le noue parti et meza, cio&egrave; la met&agrave; della lun-
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parents:
diff changeset
6268 ghezza. que$te linee ci $eruiranno poi. re$tino per&ograve; $egnate le noue parti et meza, ma $cancel
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parents:
diff changeset
6269 lati i primi $egni delle diui $ioni della linea della lunghezza, et larghezza del capitello: perche
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parents:
diff changeset
6270 $i deue diuiderla in uenti parti, et <*>retirar$i in entro dalle e$tremit&agrave; della linea detta, una parte,
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parents:
diff changeset
6271 et un quarto delle uenti, et mandar giu de gli altri catheti di pani alli primi. con le i$te$$e diui$io
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parents:
diff changeset
6272 ni, in que$te linee ritirate $ar&agrave; il centro dell' occhio, $i fermeranno le uolute, et $i regoler&agrave; tut
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parents:
diff changeset
6273 to il re$tante del capitello. Leone chiama l'occhio della uoluta ciclo. la uoluta &egrave; uno inuoglio ad
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parents:
diff changeset
6274 imitatione delli cincinni de i capelli muliebri, i uolgari la chiamano cartoccio. Delle noue parti
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6275 di que$te linee $e ne danno all' orlo, o abaco una, &amp; meza, l'una &egrave; per la gola dello abaco,
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parents:
diff changeset
6276 che &egrave; fatto in forma della lettera S. ma tirata con gratia, &amp; la meza $i da al $uo li$tello. le uo
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parents:
diff changeset
6277 lute $i formano a que$to modo. restando $otto l'abaco parti otto, $i fa un punto la doue termina-
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parents:
diff changeset
6278 no le quattro &amp; meza, &amp; $opra quello po$to un piede della $esta, $i fa un giro, il cui diametro
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parents:
diff changeset
6279 tiene una di quelle parti, &amp; tre ne re$tano di $otto, &amp; quattro di $opra. que$to cerchio o giro &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
6280 l'occhio delle uolute, nel quale hanno ad e$$ere dodici centri, che formano le uolute a $e$ta, n&egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
6281 po$$ono e$$er meno, perche fariano la uoluta sgarbata, &amp; con pochi giri, &amp; non $alua la lettera
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parents:
diff changeset
6282 di Vitruuio. Io non dir&ograve; de gli inuentori di questo modo per non metter molti huomini da bene al
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parents:
diff changeset
6283 le mani. io confe$$o d'hauerla imparata, &amp; ne tengo obligo alli mae$tri. I$eppo Saluiati pitto-
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parents:
diff changeset
6284 re eccellente, me ne dedic&ograve; uno trattatello, &amp; lo fece $tampare. $e quelli, i quali me l'hanno
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parents:
diff changeset
6285 dimo$trata prima, l'habbiano pigliata dal Saluiati, io non lo s&ograve;. per formare adunque la uoluta
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parents:
diff changeset
6286 bi$ogna mandare a ba$$o una linea per banda egualmente di$tante alla linea, $opra laquale &egrave; il
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parents:
diff changeset
6287 centro dell'occhio, di$tante da quella, quel quarto, che nol dicemmo, che era d'una parte, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
6288 un quarto, perche que$ta linea poi che haueremo tirato il diametro dell' occhio cader&agrave; a punto $o
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parents:
diff changeset
6289 pra il ditto diametro, &amp; ci dar&agrave; la regola di formare un quadro nell'occhio, $opra le cui diagona-
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parents:
diff changeset
6290 li $aranno i dodici centri predetti: per che quanto $ar&agrave; dal taglio, che fa que$ta linea $opra il</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
6291 <pb n="150">
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6292 <I>diametro dell' occhio, al centro dell' occhio, tanto $i riporter&agrave;, &amp; di $otto, et di $opra la linea del det
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6293 to centro, dal centro i$te$$o, &amp; tanto anche dall' altra parte dell' occhio $opra il diametro, &amp; que
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parents:
diff changeset
6294 $ti quattro punti $aranno i mezi de i lati d'uno quadrato dentro l'occhio, da gli anguli del quale $i
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parents:
diff changeset
6295 tireranno le diagonali, &amp; $opra quelle dal centro, a gli angoli $i far anno tre parti eguali per o-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6296 gni uer$o, lequali $aranno i dodici centri predetti, doue po$ta la $e$ta $opra l'angulo interiore
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6297 di $opra nel quadrato, &amp; allargata la $e$ta fin $otto l'abaco, $i tirer&agrave; un giro fin al diame-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6298 tro nella parte e$teriore. indi $i uenir&agrave; all' altro angulo di $opra, che &egrave; di fuori nel quadrato: &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
6299 po$ta iui la $e$ta, &amp; di$te$a al termine del primo giro, $i continuer&agrave; il giro fin al catheto di $ot-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6300 to, &amp; iui $i far&agrave; punto. il $imile $i far&agrave; ponendo la $e$ta $opra l'angulo e$teriore di $otto: &amp; con
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parents:
diff changeset
6301 tinuando il $econdo giro, $i far&agrave; il terzo fin al diametro, dalquale poi $i uenir&agrave; fin $otto l'abaco
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6302 con un giro, il centro del quale $ar&agrave; il quarto angulo di dentro, &amp; a que$to modo $i finir&agrave; il pri-
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parents:
diff changeset
6303 mo giro della uoluta col $cemare per ogni quarta la met&agrave; dell' occhio, come uuole Vitr. $imilmente
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6304 uolendo poi fare il $econdo giro della uoluta, $i poner&agrave; per ordine la $e$ta $opra gli altri punti delle
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parents:
diff changeset
6305 diagonali, cominciando da quello, che &egrave; uicino al primo, doue s'incominci&ograve; il primo giro: &amp; $e
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6306 guitando $i far&agrave; di quadrante in quadrante tutto il $econdo giro, il quale $i come il primo per ogni
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6307 quadrante $cemaua la met&agrave; dell' occhio: co$i que$to $cemer&agrave; un terzo, &amp; l'ultimo $ceme-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6308 r&agrave; un $e$to del diametro dell' occhio: &amp; co$i in tre giri la uoluta hauer&agrave; $cemato quattro dia-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6309 metri dell' occhio, &amp; riu$cir&agrave; bella, &amp; &egrave; nece$$ario, che co$i $ia, perche $e la uoluta deue dolce-
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parents:
diff changeset
6310 mente andar $opra la cima$a, che &egrave; uero membro del capitello, bi$ogna, che le $ue pieghe habbia-
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parents:
diff changeset
6311 no que$ta proportione, che detto hauemo: &amp; que$to non $i puo fare con quattro punti, o centri $o
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parents:
diff changeset
6312 li, come uuole colui, che ha fatto i piede$tali a botte, per uno e$empio, che gli &egrave; stato detto di ri-
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parents:
diff changeset
6313 trouar$i in luogo non celebre, &amp; in opera non eccellente. Tirata la uoluta al modo $opra detto,
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6314 con la i$te$$a ragione di dodici c entri, che $iano gli i$te$$i: $i tirer&agrave; la fa$cia, o larghezza di e$$a uo-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6315 luta $tringendo la $e$ta per la met&agrave; dell' occhio dal primo giro: &amp; a que$to modo &egrave; fornita
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parents:
diff changeset
6316 la uoluta, laquale &egrave; piu pre$to ornamento, che membro del capitello. Ha la uoluta il $uo
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6317 canale, che &egrave; una cauatura di dentro delle fa$cie della uoluta. que$to canale occupa
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parents:
diff changeset
6318 uno diametro, &amp; mezo dell' occhio, &amp; &egrave; tanto profondo, quanto la duodecima parte
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6319 dell' altezza della uoluta, cio&egrave; una duodecima parte delle otto, che re$tauano $otto l'orlo, o abaco.
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6320 Tagliato adunque il canale resta la cima$a, che uolgari chiamano ouolo, Greci cimatio, che pa-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6321 re un'onda picciola, &amp; latini Echinus, per le foglie, &amp; frutti di castagne, che $i $colpiuano $o-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6322 pra. que$ta &egrave; alta due parti, &amp; un quarto delle otto gia dette, &amp; lo $uo $porto oltra il dritto
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6323 dell' abaco, &amp; della grandezza del diametro dell' occhio, &amp; per que$ta ragione noi facemmo ca-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6324 dere le linee a piombo da gli e$tremi dell' abaco. La uolta della cima$a $i fa a $e$ta. Tirato lo
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parents:
diff changeset
6325 $porto $uo $otto il canale quanto &egrave; il diametro dell' occhio fuori dello $porto dell' abaco, $i piglia con
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6326 la $e$ta la $ua altezza. la quale (come ho detto) &egrave; due parti, &amp; un quarto delle otto, del cathe
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6327 to $otto l'abaco, &amp; la $ua linea di $otto termina nel catheto, doue comincia l'A$tragalo, o ton-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6328 dino. &amp; po$to un piede nella detta catheto, $i tira una parte di circonferenza, poi $i ferma la $e-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6329 sta nell' e$tremo della cima$a di $opra, &amp; $i fa una incrocciatura $opra la tirata circonferenza,
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parents:
diff changeset
6330 &amp; nel taglio di quelle $i ferma la $e$ta, &amp; $i tira la uolta della cima$a, $opra la quale s'inuolge
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6331 la uoluta dolcemente. La cima$a s'intaglia con quelle ouola, o ricci a que$to modo, che tra una
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6332 uoluta, &amp; l'altra ne $iano tre intieri, de quali uno ne $ia nel mezo, &amp; uno dalla de$tra, &amp; l'al-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6333 tro dalla $ini$tra, &amp; e$chino alcune foglie dalla uoluta, che gli abbraccino, che uolgari chiama
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6334 no baccelli, $otto la Cima$a &egrave; lo A$tragalo, il quale occupatre quarti d'una delle otto. il centro
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6335 di e$$o &egrave; nel catbeto. co$i finito il tondino, $i fa il li$tello dell' apophige, o collarino, che $i dica, il
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
6336 quale non i$porta oltra il catheto, &amp; &egrave; alto per la met&agrave; dell' altezza del tondino, &amp; $iriduce con
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6337 la $ua piega al rastremamento della colonna di $opra, col modo $opra detto. Et perche imagina-
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6338 mo, che la uoluta $ia un piumazzetto riuolto $opra un bastone, &amp; legato nel mezo, per&ograve; Vitr. ci
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6339 da la gro$$ezza di quel ba$tone, che egli chiama a$$e, &amp; dice, che egli, &egrave; gro$$o tanto quanto il</I>
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6340 <pb n="151">
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6341 <I>diametro dell' occhio, &amp; che le cinte, che egli chiama baltei, che $ono nel mezo da i lati tra le
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diff changeset
6342 uolute, non $portino piu della cima$a, di modo, che po$to il piede della $e$ta nel mezo del quadro
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diff changeset
6343 del capitello, &amp; allargato allo $porto della cima$a, raggirando$i tocchi l'e$tremit&agrave; delle cinte, co
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diff changeset
6344 me $i uede nella pianta tirando$i un giro $opra'l centro $uo fin alla circonferenza dell'ouolo. Cli
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diff changeset
6345 architraui $i fanno $econdo l'altezza delle colonne, accioche per lo accre$cimento, che $i da a
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6346 quelliper l'altezza, ne $egua piu certa all'occhio la mi$ura loro. Quanto adunque debbiano cre-
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diff changeset
6347 $cere lo poner&agrave; Vur. qui $otto. Ma poniam ca$o, che la colonna $ia alta quindici piedi, dico,
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diff changeset
6348 che lo architraue $ar&agrave; alto per la met&agrave; del diametro della colonna da piedi. la larghezza di $ot-
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diff changeset
6349 to, che $i po$a $opra il capitello, $ar&agrave; tanto quanto la gro$$ezza della colonna di $opra, accioche
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diff changeset
6350 $tia $ul uiuo: &amp; que$ta &egrave; regola generale. ma la $ommit&agrave; dello architraue, cio&egrave; il piano di$opra
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diff changeset
6351 $ia tanto quanto &egrave; la gro$$ezza da piedi della colonna. La cima$a dello architraue $i fa per la $et
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6352 tima parte dell' altezza dell' architraue, &amp; deue $portare tanto, quanto &egrave; alta, &amp; lo $porto $i
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diff changeset
6353 mi$ura da quella linea, che uiene dal ra$tremamento della colonna. il re$tante $otto la cima$a, $i
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6354 diuide in dodici parti, &amp; tre $e ne danno alla fa$cia di $otto, quattro alla di mezo, &amp; cinque al-
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diff changeset
6355 la di $opra. Oltra l'architraue ui ua il fregio, che Vitr. chiama zophoro, perche in quello s'in-
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diff changeset
6356 tagliauano alcune figurine d'animali. que$ti &egrave; un quarto meno mi$urando l'altezza dello archi-
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diff changeset
6357 traue con la $ua cima$a: &amp; que$ta altezza $i $erua, quando nel fregio non $ono intagli, perche
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diff changeset
6358 quando ui $ono, egli $i fa un quarto piu alto dell' Architraue, accioche meglio $i goda lo intaglio.
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diff changeset
6359 L'altezza del fregio $i diuide in $ette parti, &amp; d'una di quelle $i fa la cima$a, che ui ua $opra, &amp;
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diff changeset
6360 $opra la cima$a ua il dentello, detto latinamente denticulus, dalla $imiglianza, che ha con il den
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6361 te. l'origine del dentello &egrave; pre$a dalle opere di legno, $i come il triglifo nell' ordine Dorico era pre
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6362 $o dalle teste delle traui, che $portauano nella fronte, co$i il dentello &egrave; pre$o da gli a$$eri, (come
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6363 $i dir&agrave; nel quarto libro.) Bi$ogna adunque $apere, che il fregio &egrave; il luogo, che tiene le te$te del-
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6364 la trauatura. Il dentello, &egrave; alto quanto la fa$cia di mezo dello architraue. lo $porto del dentel-
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6365 lo &egrave; tanto, quanto l'altezza$ua. la larghezza detta, metochi, da Grect, &amp; inter$ectio, da lati
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diff changeset
6366 ni, &egrave; per la met&agrave; dell' altezza del dentello. il cauo, cio&egrave; lo $pacio da un dentello all' altro, che
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6367 anche meto pa $i chiama, &amp; cauo colombario (come dice Vitr. nel quarto) &egrave; per due terzi del-
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6368 la larghezza del dentello. La cima$a del dentello &egrave; per la festa parte dell' altezza $ua. La corni
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parents:
diff changeset
6369 ce con la cima$a, &egrave; alta quanto la fa$cia di mezo. lo $porto della cornice col $uo dentello o taglio
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6370 nel mento, dene e$$er tanto, quanto &egrave; alto lo $patio dal fregio alla $ommit&agrave; della gola, o cima$a
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6371 della cornice: &amp; que$to $porto $i piglia della linea, che uiene dalla e$tremit&agrave; della cima$a del fre
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diff changeset
6372 gio. que$to dentello della cornice $i fa, accioche l'acque, che uengono giu, non gua$tino le fabri-
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6373 che. In fino a que$to luogo della cornice, o gocciolatoio, le fabriche uanno egualmente distanti
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6374 dal piano. Hora $i leua il fronti$picio, che Vitr. chiama fastigio. il quale ha le $ue cornici corri-
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6375 $pondenti alli membrelli della cornice, &amp; di piu ha le $ue gole, che $i chiamano, $ime, &amp; da Greci,
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diff changeset
6376 Epitichide, dalla aggiunta impo$ta $opra le cornici del fronti$picio. que$te $ono piu alte un'otta
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6377 ua parte dell' altezza delle cornici. $otto delle quali &egrave; il timpano alto la nona parte della lunghez
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6378 za della cornice, mi$urando dalla e$tremit&agrave; delle gole della cornice. il piano del timpano deue ri
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6379 po$are $ul uiuo, cio&egrave; chi la$cia$$e andar giu una linea a piombo, ella batterebbe prima $u l'archi-
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diff changeset
6380 traue, poi $ul collarino delle colonne, &amp; $ul uiuo. i pila$trelli detti acroterij, deono e$$er alti tan
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6381 to, che $i po$$ino uedere le figure, che ui uanno $opra. gli angulari deono morir nel tetto &amp; co-
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6382 minciare al dritto delle colonne, &amp; entrar tanto in entro, quanto porta la ragione della ueduta
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6383 perche in alcune fabriche uanno piu adentro perche $ono ba$$e. &amp; deono e$$er tanto alti quanto
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6384 la $ommit&agrave; del timpano, ma quello dimezo e$$er deue un'ottaua di piu de gli angulari.</I>
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6385 <pb n="152">
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6386 <p>Per la Ba$a.
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6387 <p><I>A. Pliathus. Orlo.</I>
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6388 <p><I>B. Scoti&oelig;. Cauetti.</I>
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6389 <p>1. 1. <I>A$tragali, tondini.</I>
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6390 <p><I>C. Torus. Ba$tone.</I>
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6391 <p><I>f. Apophygis. Cimbie.</I>
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6392 <p><I>a b c o. Termini da fare la cimbia.</I>
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6393 <p>Per lo Capitello.
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6394 <p><I>o. La pianta del Capitello.</I>
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6395 <p><I>e. Contractio colum&oelig;. Il ra$tremamento della colonna, &amp; la cimbia di $opra.</I>
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6396 <p><I>A h. Abacus, il dado.</I>
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6397 <p><I>n. La larghezza della uoluta.</I>
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6398 <p><I>m. Canalis. Il canale.</I>
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6399 <p><I>l. Cymatium. La cima$a.</I>
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6400 <p><I>p. Oculus uolut&oelig;. L'occhio della uoluta con i $uoi centri.</I>
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6401 <p><I>g d e. La cimbia di $opra.</I>
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6402 <p>Per l'Architraue, fregio, &amp; cornice.
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6403 <p><I>A. Trabs Epi$tylium. Architraue.</I>
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6404 <p>1. <I>prima fa$cia.</I>
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6405 <p>2. <I>Seconda fa$cia.</I>
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6406 <p>3. <I>Terzafa$cia.</I>
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6407 <p><I>B. Cymatium Epi$tylij. La cima$a, o gola dell' Architraue.</I>
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6408 <p><I>C. Zophorus. Il fregio.</I>
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6409 <p><I>D. Cymatium Zophori. La cima$a, o gola del Fregio.</I>
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6410 <p><I>E. Denticulus. Il dentello.</I>
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6411 <p><I>O. inter$ectio, cio&egrave; lo $patio, &amp; il taglio, che &egrave; tra l'un dentello, &amp; l'altro.</I>
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6412 <p><I>F. Cymatium denticuli.</I>
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6413 <p><I>G. Corona. Il gocciolatoio, con la $ua gola.</I>
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6414 <p><I>L. Fa$tigium. Il fronti$picio.</I>
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6415 <p><I>K. Tympanum. Il Timpano.</I>
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6416 <p><I>I. Acroteria. I quadricelli, &amp; piedistali, doue hanno a po$are le figure.</I>
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6417 <p><I>H. Sim&oelig;. Le gole.</I>
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6418 <pb n="153">
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6419 <fig>
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6420 <foot><I>V</I></foot>
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6421 <pb n="154">
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6422 <fig>
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6423 <pb n="155">
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6424 <p><I>Il capitello Corinthio, &egrave; alto quanto il diametro della colonna, &amp; $econdo Vitruuio in que-
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6425 $ta altezza s'mclude l'Abaco; ma inmolte opere l'abaco &egrave; di piu, &amp; ha molto del buono. La
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6426 larghezza dell' Abaco, cio&egrave; il quadro deue e$$er tanto, che le linee, che pa$$ano da un' angulo al
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6427 l'altro, dette diagonali, $iano doppie all' altezza del capitello. le frontinel mezo deono piegar in
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6428 entro per la nona parte della loro larghezza. Il ba$$o del capitello deue ri$pondere al uiuo della
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6429 colonna di $opra. L'altezza dello abaco $i fa della $ettima parte dell' altezza del capitello, il re
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6430 $tante $i diuide in tre parti, una delle quali $i da alla foglia da ba$$o, l'altra alla foglia di mezo,
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6431 l'ultima a icauliculi, o fu$ti, che mandano fuori le foglie, &amp; riceueno l'abaco, &amp; quelle uo
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6432 lute, che na$ceno dalle foglie de i cauliculi, uengono a gli e$tremi anguli dello abaco: ma le mi
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6433 nori uolute piegano in entro, &amp; $ono $otto a i $iori, che $ono nel mezo dell' abaco, datutte quat-
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6434 tro le parti, i quali fiori $ono tanto gro$$i quanto l'abaco, ma alquanto piu lunghi, come $i o$-
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6435 $erua nell' antico, per la quarta parte del diametro della colonna. Bi$ogna adunque formar bene
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6436 la campana, che co$i chiamano i no$tri quella forma del capitello, che &egrave; ue$tita delle foglie, &amp;</I>
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6437 <fig>
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6438 <I>quelle foglie $ono foglie di Acantho, che Semplici
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6439 $ti chiamano, branca ur$ina. Sono anche altre fo
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6440 glie, come d'oliua, &amp; altre figure, &amp; intagli de
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6441 capitelli, che hanno molto del buono, $e $ono ben
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6442 lauorati: ma la$ciamo que$to a gli o$$eruatori
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6443 dell' antichit&agrave;, &amp; riportiamoci per hora a Vi-
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6444 truuio, che nel quarto libro tratta della origine
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6445 del capitello Corinthio, al primo capo. Ma il
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6446 modo di piegar le fronti la nona parte, &egrave; la uia
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6447 di ritrouar il centro di tre punti. Sia tutta la fron
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6448 te del capitello. a. b. diui$a in noue parti, &amp;
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6449 dal mezo di detta linea $ia leuata una linea drit-
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6450 ta alta per una di quelle parti, la qual $ia c d. et
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6451 $ia c. il punto di $opra, $iano poi que$ti tre pun
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6452 ti a. b. c. ridotti $otto una circonferenza per uia
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6453 de gli incrocciamenti, il che $i fa tirando le linee
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6454 da a, &agrave; c. &amp; da c. &agrave; b. &amp; tagliando quelle
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diff changeset
6455 per mezo ad anguli dritti con linee, che $i uen-
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6456 ghino ad incontrare, come fanno le linee, e. f.
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6457 &amp; g. f. $opra il punto h. L'Architraue, freg-
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6458 gio, &amp; gocciolatoio $i puo fare comel' Ionico, oue
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6459 ro in luogo del fregio gonfio dello Ionico, farlo
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6460 piano, et ne gli fronti$picij $eruare il modo iste$$o.</I>
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6461 <p>Finite que$te co$e, $i poneranno le ba$e a i luoghi $uoi, &amp; que$te in tal modo $aranno
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6462 fatte a mi$ura, che la gro$$ezza con l'orlo $ia per la met&agrave; della gro$$ezza della colonna. lo
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6463 $porto, Ecfora, detto da Greci, $ia la quarta parte, &amp; co$i la ba$a $ar&agrave; larga, &amp; lunga per
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6464 una gro$$ezza, &amp; meza della colonna. L'altezza della ba$a, s'ella $ar&agrave; fatta al modo Attico,
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6465 $i partir&agrave; in que$to modo, che la parte di $opra $ia per la terza parte della gro$$ezza della
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6466 colonna, il re$to $ia dell' orlo: leuato uia l'orlo, il re$tante $ia diui$o in quattro parti: il ba-
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6467 $tone di $opra. ne habbia una, le tre re$tanti $iano diui$e in due parti eguali. Vna $ia del
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6468 ba$tone di $otto, l'altra $i dia con i $uoi quadretti al cauetto, che da Greci Trochilo &egrave; no
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6469 minato. Ma s'egli $i deue fare le ba$e Ioniche, co$i $i deono compartire, che la larghez-
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6470 za della ba$a $ia per ogni uer$o della gro$$ezza della colonna, aggiuntaui la quarta, &amp; ot-
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6471 taua parte: Ma l'altezza &egrave; come le fatte al modo Attico, &amp; co$i l'orlo $uo: ma il re$tante
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6472 oltra l'orlo, che $ar&agrave; la terza parte della gro$$ezza della colonna, $ia diui$o in $ette parti, &amp;
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6473 <foot><I>V</I> 2</foot>
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6474 <pb n="156">
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6475 di tre di quelle $ia il ba$tone di $opra, le altre $iano egualmente diui$e, &amp; d'una $i faccia il
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6476 quadretto di $opra con i $uoi tondini, &amp; col $uo pianuzzo, detto $opraciglio. l'altra $ia la-
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6477 <fig>
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diff changeset
6478 $ciata per lo cauetto di $otto: ma il cauetto di $otto parer&agrave; maggiore, perche hauer&agrave; lo $por
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6479 <pb n="157">
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6480 to $uo $in' all'e$tremit&agrave; dell'orlo. I tondini $i deono fare per l'ottaua parte del cauetto. lo
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6481 $porto della ba$a, per la ottaua, &amp; $e$tadecima parte della gro$$ezza della colonna.
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6482 Fatte compitamente, &amp; po$te le ba$e a i luoghi $uoi, egli $i deue ponere a perpendicolo
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6483 del centro loro le colonne di mezo, nell'antitempio, &amp; nel po$tico. Male angulari, &amp; quel
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6484 le, che dirimpctto alle angulari nelli lati del Tempio dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra deono e$-
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6485 $er po$te, $i fermeranno in modo, che le parti loro, che riguardano al di dentro uer$o i pare
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6486 ti della cella, $iano a perpendicolo, ma le e$teriori $tiano, come s'&egrave; detto della loro con-
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6487 trattura. perche a que$to modo le $igure della compo$ition del tempio $aranno giu$tamen
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6488 te, &amp; $econdo la ragione del ra$tremamento fornite.
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6489 <p><I>Quello che dice Vitru. &egrave; che po$te le ba$e a i luoghi $uoi, $i deono porre le colonne con giudi-
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6490 cio. Delle colonne altre $tanno $u gli anguli, altre $tanno tra quelli. que$te, $i chiamano me-
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6491 diane, quelle angulari. Vuole Vitru. che le mediane $iano drizzate a piombo nel mezo del cen-
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6492 tro loro: ma le angulari $iano nella parte di dentro piane, &amp; $enza rastremamento: &amp; questo $i
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6493 fa perche incontrino bene con gli anguli del parete. &amp; dicono que$ti o$$eruatori, che rie$cono be-
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6494 ne alla ui$ta. Similmente ra$tremate non uuole Vitr. che $iano quelle, che $ono pro$$ime al parete
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6495 dirimpetto alle angulari, dico da i lati del parete, perche tanto que$te, quanto quelle, non hanno
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6496 contrattione di dentro uia, ma il loro lato interiore ua dritto a piombo.</I>
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6497 <p>Po$ti &amp; drizzati i fu$ti delle colonne, $eguita la ragione de i capitelli. que$ti $e $aranno
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6498 a piumazzo, con tali $immetrie $i formeranno, che quanto far&agrave; gro$$a la colonna da piedi,
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6499 aggiuntaui la decima ottaua parte del fu$to da ba$$o, tanto $ia lungo, &amp; largo l'Abaco: ma
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diff changeset
6500 la gro$$ezza con le uolute per la met&agrave;. douemo poi ritirar$i in entro dall'e$tremit&agrave; dell'A-
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diff changeset
6501 baco parti due, &amp; meza di uenti, per le fronti delle uolute, &amp; lungo lo Abaco da tutte
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diff changeset
6502 quattro le parti delle uolute, appre$$o la quadra della e$tremit&agrave; del dado mandar in giu le
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diff changeset
6503 linee, che catheti $i chiamano, &amp; quella gro$$ezza gia pre$a diuidere in noue parti &egrave; meza.
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diff changeset
6504 Vna parte &amp; meza $ia data alla gro$$ezza dell'Abaco, &amp; delle altre otto $i facciano le uolu-
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6505 te. Allhora dalla linea, che far&agrave; mandata giu $econdo la e$trema parte dell'Abaco, $e ne
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diff changeset
6506 ritiri a dentro un'altra di larghezza d'una parte &amp; meza. Dapoi $iano diui$e que$te linee
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parents:
diff changeset
6507 di modo, che $i la$cino quattro parti, &amp; meza $otto l'Abaco. Oltra di que$to da quel
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parents:
diff changeset
6508 luogo, ilquale diuide quattro &amp; meza, &amp; tre &amp; meza, $ia $egnato il centro dell'occhio, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
6509 da quel centro $ia tirato un giro tanto grande in diametro, quanto &egrave; una parte delle otto:
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parents:
diff changeset
6510 &amp; quella $ar&agrave; la grandezza dell'occhio. Et nella i$te$$a linea, catheto detta, $ia tirato il
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diff changeset
6511 $uo diametro corre$pondente. Poi dal di$opra $otto l'Abaco s'incominci, &amp; per ogni
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diff changeset
6512 giro di quarta $ia minuito lo $pacio di mez'occhio, fin che peruenga allo i$te$$a quarta,
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parents:
diff changeset
6513 che &egrave; $otto l'Abaco.
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diff changeset
6514 <p><I>Fin qui Vitr. ha ragionato della uoluta, come di co$a appo$ta per ornamento del capitello, co-
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parents:
diff changeset
6515 me &egrave; ueramente, hora ragioner&agrave; del capitello. &amp; que$to $i deue auuertire. dice adunque.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
6516 <p>La gro$$ezza del capitello $i deue fare in que$to modo: che di noue parti &amp; meza tre
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diff changeset
6517 pendino dinanzi $otto il tondino, del fu$to di $opra, &amp; leuatane la cima$a il re$tante $i
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parents:
diff changeset
6518 dia allo abaco &amp; al canale. lo $porto della cima$a $ia oltra il quadro dell'abaco per la gran-
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parents:
diff changeset
6519 dezza dell'occhio.
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parents:
diff changeset
6520 <p><I>Sotto il tondino, ouero a$tragalo, tre parti $ono, che re$tauano delle noue &amp; meza. queste
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parents:
diff changeset
6521 tre dice Vitru. che non $i metteno a conto della gro$$ezza del capitello, perche $ono occupato
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parents:
diff changeset
6522 dalla uoluta, che pende inanzi$otto il tondino, ilquale &egrave; alla $ommit&agrave; della colonna. &amp; $i uede
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parents:
diff changeset
6523 per que$te parole, che il tondino termina$otto l'occhio, perche tre parti re$tauano $otto l'occhio.
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parents:
diff changeset
6524 dice poi, che leuato l'abaco, alquale hauemo detto, che $i da una parte &amp; meza, il re$tante &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
6525 compartito tra'l canale, &amp; la cima$a. I termini del canale $ono dimo$trati dal primo giro della
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parents:
diff changeset
6526 uoluta, perche $ono doue comincia il $econdo giro.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
6527 <p>Le cinte de i piumazzi habbiano que$to $porto dallo abaco, che po$to un piede della
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parents:
diff changeset
6528 <pb n="158">
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parents:
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6529 $e$ta nel tetrante del capitello, &amp; allargato l'altro alla e$tremit&agrave; della cima$a raggirando$i
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parents:
diff changeset
6530 tocchi le e$treme parti delle cinte. Gli a$si delle uolute non deono e$$er piu gro$si della
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parents:
diff changeset
6531 grandezza dell'occhio. Et le uolute $iano tagliate in modo, che le altezze habbiano la duo-
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parents:
diff changeset
6532 decima parte della loro larghezza.
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parents:
diff changeset
6533 <p><I>Nel primo capo del quarto libro dice Vitr. comparando le colonne Ioniche alle Corinthie, che
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parents:
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6534 il capitello Ionico &egrave; un terzo alto della gro$$ezza della colonna, &amp; il Corinthio &egrave; alto quanto
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parents:
diff changeset
6535 tutta la gro$$ezza intiera, il che proua, che la uoluta &egrave; co$a appo$ta per ornamento, &amp; non &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
6536 parte del capitello; &amp; di $opra ha detto,</I> {<I>mala gro$$ezza con le uolute per la met&agrave;</I>} <I>doue
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parents:
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6537 egli include anche le uolute: &amp; non ha detto ma la gro$$ezza per la met&agrave; perche la gro$$ez-
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parents:
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6538 za &egrave; un terzo, &amp; non la met&agrave;.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
6539 <p>Que$ti $aranno i compartimenti de i capitelli di quelle colonne, che per lo meno $a-
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parents:
diff changeset
6540 ranno di piedi quindici. &amp; quelle, che $aranno di piu, teneranno allo i$te$$o modo la
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6541 conuenienza delle mi$ure loro. l'abaco $ar&agrave; lungo, &amp; largo quanto &egrave; gro$$a la colonna da
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parents:
diff changeset
6542 piedi, aggiuntaui la nona parte, accioche quanto meno la colonna piu alta $ar&agrave; ra$trema-
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parents:
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6543 ta, non meno di quelle il capitello habbia lo $porto della $ua Simmetria, &amp; nell'altezza l'ag
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parents:
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6544 giunta della rata parte. Ma delle de$crittioni delle uolute come drittamente a $e$ta s'in-
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6545 uogliano, come s'habbiano a di$egnare, nel fine del libro la forma, &amp; la ragione ci $a-
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parents:
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6546 r&agrave; dimo$trata.
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parents:
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6547 <p><I>Se le colonne fu$$ero piu alte di quindici piedi, $aranno date le iste$$e mi$ure alli loro capitelli;
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parents:
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6548 uero &egrave;, che il dado, o abaco $ar&agrave; largo, &amp; lungo di piu della gro$$ezza della colonna, per la no-
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parents:
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6549 na parte, perche e$$endo la colonna piu alta meno $i ra$trema di $opra; perche lo aere per la di-
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parents:
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6550 $tanza fa lo effetto della ra$trematione.</I>
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parents:
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6551 <p>Forniti i capitelli, &amp; po$ti ne i $ommi fu$ti delle colonne non a dritto liuello, ma ad
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parents:
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6552 egual modulo, (accioche l'aggiunta fatta ne i piede$tali ri$ponda ne i membri di $opra
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parents:
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6553 con il compartimento de gli architraui) egli $i deue hauere la ragione de gli architraui
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parents:
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6554 in que$to modo.
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parents:
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6555 <p><I>Voleua Vitru. (come hauemo ueduto di $opra) che i piedi$talli u$ci$cero oltra il poggio, ma
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parents:
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6556 per&ograve;, che di tutti i membrelli del piede$tale; ri$ponde$$ero i membrelli del poggio, che era ritira-
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parents:
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6557 to piu adentro. ilche con$iderando, egli ci fa auuertiti, che poniamo i capitelli di modo, che ri-
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parents:
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6558 $pondino con le ri$alite loro a quelle aggiunte da ba$$o, accioche nello architraue corri$pondino
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6559 i membri con la loro ragioneuole mi$ura alle parti di $otto. lo e$$empio &egrave; nello in pi&egrave; del Tem-
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parents:
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6560 pio P$eudodipteros.</I>
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parents:
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6561 <p>Che $e le colonne $aranno almeno da dodici fin quindici piedi, l'altezza dello archi=
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parents:
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6562 traue $ia per met&agrave; della gro$$ezza della colonna da piedi. $e pa$$er&agrave; da quindici a uenti, $ia
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parents:
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6563 partita l'altezza della colonna in parti tredici, &amp; l'altezza dello architraue, $ar&agrave; per una di
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parents:
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6564 quelle. $e da uenti, a uenticinque, parti$ca$i l'altezza in parti dodici, &amp; meza, &amp; di una
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parents:
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6565 parte di quelle $ia fatto lo architraue nell'altezza $ua. Se $ar&agrave; da uenticinque a trenta: di do
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parents:
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6566 dici parti della colonna, una $ia per l'altezza dello architraue, &amp; oltra di que$to $econdo
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parents:
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6567 la rata parte allo i$te$$o modo dall'altezza delle colonne deono e$$er e$pedite le altezze de
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parents:
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6568 gli architraui, perche quanto piu a$cende l'acutezza della ui$ta, non facilmente taglia, o
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parents:
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6569 rompe la den$it&agrave; dello aere, &amp; per&ograve; debilitata, &amp; con$umata per lo $pacio dell'altezza,
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parents:
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6570 riporta a $en$i no$tri dubiamente la grandezza delle mi$ure: perilche $empre nei membri
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parents:
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6571 delli compartimenti $i deue aggiugnere il $upplemento della ragione, accioche quando
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parents:
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6572 l'opere $aranno in luoghi alti, ouero haueranno i membri alti &egrave; grandi, tutte l'altre parti
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6573 habbiano la ragione delle grandezze. La larghezza dello architraue da ba$$o, in quella
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parents:
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6574 parte, che egli $i po$a $ul capitello, $ar&agrave; tanto, quanto la gro$$ezza di $opra della colonna,
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parents:
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6575 che $ottogiace al capitello: Ma la parte di $opra dello architraue $ia quanto $ar&agrave; la gro$$ez-
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parents:
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6576 za da piede della colonna. la gola, detta cima$a dello architraue, $ia per la $ettima parte
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parents:
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6577 <pb n="159">
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parents:
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6578 della $ua altezza: &amp; tanto habbia di $porto. L'altra parte oltra la cima$a diuidere $i deue
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6579 in parti dodici, &amp; di tre di quelle fare la prima fa$cia, la $econda di quattro, &amp; la terza di
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6580 $opra di cinque. Il fregio $opra l'architraue la quarta parte meno dello architraue, ma
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6581 $e hauerai a $colpirgli figurette &amp; $egni, farai lo fregio un quarto piu dello architraue, ac-
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6582 cioche le $colture habbiano del grande. La gola, o cima$a del fregio $ia per la $ettima
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6583 dell'altezza $ua. Lo $porto quanto &egrave; la $ua gro$$ezza $opra il fregio $i deue fare il dentello
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6584 tanto alto quanto &egrave; la fa$cia di mezo dello architraue. Lo $porto, quanto l'altezza. Lo ta-
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6585 glio che &egrave; da' Greci, metochi, nominato $i deue fare in que$to modo, che il dentello hab
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6586 bia nella fronte la met&agrave; dell'altezza $ua, il cauo del taglio di quella fronte di tre parti, ne
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6587 habbia due della larghezza. La gola di que$to habbia la $e$ta parte della $ua altezza.
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6588 Il gocciolatoio detto corona con la $ua gola, o cima$a, oltra la gola dritta detta $ima,
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6589 quanto &egrave; la fa$cia di mezo dello architraue. lo $porto del gocciolatoio 'con il dentello $i
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6590 deue fare, quanto &egrave; l'altezza del fregio alla gola di $opra del gocciolatoio. &amp; in $omma
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6591 tutti gli $porti hanno piu del gratio$o, &amp; del bello, quando i membri hanno tanto di $por
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6592 to, quanto di altezza. Il timpano, che &egrave; nel fronti$picio deue e$$er alto in modo, che $ia
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6593 mi$urata tutta la fronte del gocciolatoio dalla e$tremit&agrave; della cima$a, &amp; diui$a quella lun-
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6594 ghezza in noue parti, &amp; di quelle una nel mezo nella $ommit&agrave; $ia po$ta, purche ri$ponda
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6595 a perpendicolo de gli architraui, &amp; de i collarini delle colonne. Le corone, che uanno
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6596 $opra il timpano, $i deono collocare egualmente a quelle di $otto, oltra le $ime, o gole
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6597 dritte. Di $opra le corone del timpano uanno le gole dritte, chiamate Epitithide, piu
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6598 alte un'ottauo dell'altezza de i gocciolatoi. Le $ommit&agrave;, dette acroteri, quelle che
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6599 uanno $opra gli anguli deono e$$er tanto alte, quanto il timpano nel mezo. &amp; quelle di
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6600 mezo un'ottaua piu alte delle angulari. Tutti i membri, che uanno $opra i capitelli del-
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6601 le colonne, cioe architraui, fregi, gocciolatoi, timpani, fronti$picij, pila$trelli, tutti di-
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6602 co deono piegare in fuori per la duodecima parte cia$cuno della $ua fronte: accioche $tan
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6603 do noi a dirimpetto delle fronti, $e $i $tenderanno all'occhio due linee, &amp; una toccher&agrave;
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6604 la parte di$otto, &amp; l'altra la parte di $opra d'alcuno di que membri, quella, che tocche-
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6605 r&agrave; la parte $uperiore $ar&agrave; piu lunga; &amp; co$i quanto piu lungo il uedere della linea procede,
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6606 nella parte di $opra, far&agrave; lo a$petto piu lontano, &amp; che pieghi in dentro uer$o il muro,
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6607 ma $e piegheranno, come &egrave; $critto di $opra, allhora ci pareranno alla ui$ta dritte &agrave;
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6608 perpendicolo.
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6609 <p><I>Bella ragione di pro$pettiua &egrave; que$ta, che adduce Vitr. nel pre$ente luogo. per la cui intelli-
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6610 genza bi$ogna prima porre la $ua intentione come una conclu$ione, dapoi prouarla con le ragio-
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6611 ni della pro$pettiua. Dice adunque, che ogni membro, che $opra i capitelli $i pone, deue nella $ua
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6612 fronte e$$er partito in dodici parti, &amp; cia$cuno piegare uer$o la fronte $ua una parte delle dodici.
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6613 &amp; la ragione &egrave; fondata nella pro$pettiua, che uuole, che iraggi del uedere e$chino da gli occhi
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6614 per dritta linea, &amp; che tra quelli ci $ia una certa di$tanza, &amp; che la figura da quelli com-
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6615 pre$a, con quelli $ia come una piramide, &amp; un conio, la cui punta $ia nell'occhio, &amp; la ba$a
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6616 contegna i contorni, ouero i termini della co$a ueduta. Hora $tando que$to ne $egue, che gli
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6617 anguli, $otto i quali $i uede alcuna co$a, $aranno hora minori, hora maggiori, perche una
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6618 i$te$$a co$a auuicinan<*>o$i all'occhio far&agrave; l'angulo maggiore, &amp; allontanando$i lo far&agrave; mi-
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6619 nore; il $imile $egue dell'altezza de gli anguli, del $ito destro, &amp; $ini$tro, &amp; della egua-
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6620 lit&agrave;, la doue quelle co$e, che $i uedeno $otto anguli maggiori appareno minori, &amp; quel-
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6621 le minori, che $otto minori $i uederanno, &amp; $otto gli alti alte, $otto ba$$i ba<02>e, &amp; $otto de-
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6622 $tri destre, $otto $ini$tri $ini$tre, $otto eguali eguale, &amp; $otto piu anguli uedute, $i uedeno
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6623 meglio: per&ograve; con$iderando Vitr. che $e i membri fu$$ero dritti a piombo, la parte di$opra $arebbe
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6624 piu lontana dalla ui$ta, che quella di $otto, &amp; parrebbe, che l'opera de$$e in drieto. il che $i ue-
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6625 de tirando dall'occhio due linee, perche la linea, che ua alla parte di $opra, &egrave; piu lunga, che quella,</I>
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6626 <pb n="160">
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6627 <I>che ua alla parte di $otto. &amp; per&ograve; l'opera ci parrebbe piu $ie$a, &amp; piu riuolta al di $opra, per ue-
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6628 der$i $otto raggio piu lontano. per&ograve; uuole egli, che piegamo in fuori la parte di $opra, la duodeci
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parents:
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6629 ma parte dell'altezza de i membri, che uanno $opra i capitelli. perche la linea del uedere $i far&agrave;
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parents:
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6630 piu uicina all'occhio, l'angulo ci $ar&agrave; maggiore, &amp; l'opera ci parer&agrave; piu dritta. il che $i uede per
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6631 la figura qui $otto. $ia l'architraue nella fronte c. b. $ia l'occhio a. &amp; $iano tirate dall'occhio due
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6632 linee, l'una alla parte di $otto $egnata c. l'altra alla parte di $opra $egnata b. egli$i uede, che la
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6633 linea a b. &egrave; piu lunga, che la linea a c. ma $e la parte di $opra piegher&agrave; per la duodecima parte
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6634 della $ua altezza, la linea, che andar&agrave; dall'occhio alla parte aggiunta $i far&agrave; minore, &amp; conue-
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6635 nir&agrave; piu con la linea di $otto, &amp; l'opera parer&agrave; poi dritta, &amp; meno $te$a, &amp; riuolta, come $i ue-
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6636 de dalla linea. a d. &amp; que$to $i deue $pecialmente auuertire, doue le opere $ono alte, &amp; imem-
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6637 bri grandi. &amp; u$are il giudicio, &amp; la di$cretione.</I>
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6638 <fig>
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6639 <p>Le canalature delle colonne deono e$$er
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6640 uentiquattro, &amp; $i cauano in que$to modo,
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6641 che po$ta la $quadra nel cauo della canalatu
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6642 ra, &amp; girata tocchi in modo con le $ue brac
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6643 cia dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra gli anguli
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6644 delle $trie, che la punta, ouero angulo del
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6645 la $quadra $i moua facilmente, &amp; $enza im-
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6646 pedimento col $uo giro toccando. Le gro$
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6647 $ezze delle $trie, o pianuzzi, $i deono fare,
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6648 quanto $i trouer&agrave; la giunta nel mezo della
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6649 colonna dalla de$crittione $ua. Nelle gole
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6650 dritte, che $ono $opra i gocciolatoi de i
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6651 Tempij $i deue $colpire le te$te di leoni, co
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6652 $i po$te, che contra cia$cuna colonna $iano forate al canale, che dalle tegole riceue l'ac-
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6653 qua piouana, ma le parti di mezo $iano $ode, accioche la forza dell'acqua, che per le tego
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6654 le di$cende nel canale, non uenga
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6655 tra gli inter colunnij, &amp; non ba-
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6656 gni quelli, che pa$$ano di $ot-
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6657 to. ma quelle, che $ono $opra le
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6658 colonne apparino uomitando
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6659 mandar fuori gli e$iti delle
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6660 acque.
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6661 <fig>
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6662 <p><I>La canalatura della colonna &egrave; fat
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6663 ta ad imitatione delle falde delle ue-
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6664 $ti feminili. In que$ta $i deue inten-
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6665 dere la $ignificatione d'alcuni uoca-
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6666 boli, &amp; poi il modo di formarli giu-
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6667 $tamente. il primo &egrave; quello, che
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6668 Vitr. chiama Strix: il $econdo quel-
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6669 lo, che &egrave; detto $tria: il terzo, Anco-
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6670 nes. Strix adunque &egrave; il cauo, &amp; il
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6671 canale i$te$$o. $tria &egrave; lo $pacio, che &egrave;
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6672 tra un cauo, &amp; l'altro, detto pia-
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6673 nuzzo. Ancones $ono le braccia
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6674 della $quadra, la quale &egrave; fatta da
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6675 due regule, che da Vitr. $ono dette
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6676 ancones, perche fanno come un gomito, che in greco anchon $i chiama. Siano adunqu</I>
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6677 <pb n="161">
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6678 <I>i canali uentiquattro cauati in $emicircolo, prouati con l'angulo della $quadra, che toccbi il $on
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6679 do del cauo nel mezo, &amp; con le braccia, che tocchino gli anguli de i pianuzzi. la gro$$ezza de
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6680 iquali $i $aperebbe a punto, quando noi $ape$$imo bene come ua la gonfiatura della colonna, per-
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6681 che $econdo la $ua de$crittione $i formano i pianuzzi$ec<*>do l'opinione di Vitr. &amp; la figura $econ-
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6682 do, che la intendemo &egrave; $tata po$ta.</I>
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6683 <p>Io ho de$critto, quanto io ho potuto diligentemente in<*> que$to libro le di$po$itioni
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6684 de i Tempij Ionici. nel $eguente io e$poner&ograve; quali $iano le proportioni de i Tem-
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6685 pij Dorichi, &amp; Corinthij.
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6686 <p><I>Conclude Vitruuio, &amp; dice quanto ha trattato fin hora, &amp; dice hauere detto con ogni<*>po$$i-
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6687 bile diligenza le ragioni de i Tempij, Ionici, &amp; promette di uoler trattare nel $eguente libro
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6688 delle mi$ure de i Tempij Dorichi, &amp; Corinthij. Per&ograve; douemo auuertire alle co$e dette come
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6689 a co$e pertinenti alla ragione Ionica.</I>
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6690 <HEAD>IL QVARTO LIBRO</HEAD>
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6691 <HEAD>DELL'AR CHITETTVRA DI
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6692 M. VITRVVIO.</HEAD>
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6693 <HEAD><I>Proemio.</I></HEAD>
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6694 <p>HAVENDO io &oacute; Imperatore auuertito, che molti hanno la$ciato pre
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6695 cetti della Architettura, &amp; uolumi di commentarij non ordinati, ma
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6696 cominciati come particelle $membrate: degna, &amp; utili$sima co$a ho
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6697 pen$ato prima di ridurre tutto il corpo di que$ta di$ciplina a perfetto or
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6698 dine, &amp; poi e$plicare in cia$cuno uolume le pre$critte, &amp; certe qualit&agrave;
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6699 delle maniere partitamente. Et per&ograve; &oacute; Ce$are io ti ho dichiarito nel pri
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6700 mo uolume l'ufficio dello Architetto, &amp; dimo$trato di che arti bi$ogna, che egli $ia am-
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6701 mae$trato. Nel $econdo io ho di$putato della copia della materia, della quale $i fanno
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6702 gli edificij. Nel terzo delle di$po$itioni de i $acri Tempij, &amp; della uariet&agrave; delle loro ma-
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6703 niere, quali, &amp; quante forme s'habbiano, &amp; delle di$tributioni, che $ono in cia$cuna ma
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6704 niera, &amp; de i tre generi, quelle, che haue$$ero $ottili$sime qualit&agrave; de moduli nelle pro-
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6705 portioni ho dimo$trato le u$anze Ioniche. Hora in que$to uolume io tratter&ograve; de gli in-
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6706 $tituti Dorichi, &amp; Corinthij. &amp; di tutti far&ograve; manife$te le differenze, &amp; le propriet&agrave;.
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6707 <p>P<I>E</I>RCHE <I>Vitr. non faccia nel proemio del quarto, come ne i proemi de gli altri li
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6708 bri, di$correndo $opra alcuna bella co$a, la ragione (come io stimo) puo e$$er que
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6709 $ta. La materia del pre$ente libro, &egrave; continuata con la materia del precedente; pe
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6710 r&ograve; non bi$ognaua fare altro proemio con digre$$ione, &amp; hi$toria, come ha fatto ne
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6711 gli altri. Ma perche ha fatto egli que$to poco di proemio? prima per di$tinguer un libro dall'al-
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6712 tro, dapoi per continuare la materia, dimo$trando quello, che fin hora egli ci ha in$egnato, &amp;
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6713 quello, che egli ci &egrave; per in$egnare: &amp; $e alcuno dice$$e, non doueua egli $otto un uolume $olamen-
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6714 te comprendere tutta la trattatione delle fabriche dedicate alla religione? Io direi, che per fug-
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6715 gire il tedio, che ci reca la lunghezza, egli ha uoluto dar modo al terzo libro, &amp; ri$eruar$i</I>
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6716 <foot><I>X</I></foot>
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6717 <pb n="162">
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6718 <I>nel quarto a dichiarir ci il re$tante. Et per quella breuit&agrave;, che egli lauda nel proemio del $eguen-
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6719 te libro; che ci fa piu pronti alle co$e, che presto fini$cono: deue$i auuertire, quello, che egli
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6720 dice.</I> {<I>Nel terzo delle di$po$itioni de i $acri Tempi.</I>} <I>Perche intende quanto a gli a$petti delle
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6721 $i onti, &amp; de i lati al primo Capo. Et quello, che egli dice.</I> {<I>Et delle propriet&agrave; delle loro manie
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6722 re,</I>} <I>intende quanto allo $patio tra le colonne, del che ne $ono cinque $pecie, come $i uede al $econ
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6723 do Capo. nel quale &egrave; compre$o, quello, che dice Vitru.</I> {<I>quali, &amp; quante forme s'habbiano,</I>}
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6724 <I>&amp; il re$to. Et quello, che egli dice,</I> {<I>&amp; de i tre generi quelle, che haue$$ero $ottili$$ime quali
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6725 t&agrave;</I>} <I>intende del genere Ionico, del quale ha ragionato nel terzo Capo. Et in uero dice bene $otti-
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6726 li$$ime qualit&agrave;, &amp; co$i ritrouo io, &amp; &egrave; nece$$ario ri<*>olgere nella mente le co$e dette, $opra le pro
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6727 portioni<*>, &amp; i compartimenti di quelle, &amp; e$$ercitar$i con quelle ne i precetti di Vitru. &amp; bene
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6728 $pe$$o ragionarui $opra. ricordando$i oltra di que$to della Eurithmia, &amp; della gratia, ch'&egrave; il tem
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6729 peramento delle pr<*>portioni applicate alla materia, come la equit&agrave; alle co$e di giu$titia. Tratta
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6730 adunque in que$to libro della origine, &amp; inuentione delle colonne, de i loro ornamenti, della ra-
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6731 gion Dorica, &amp; Corinthia, del compartimento, &amp; di$tributione del di dentro, &amp; del di fuori de
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6732 i Tempij. &amp; ci da alcuni precetti per $iluare i Tempij $econdo le regioni, &amp; parti del cielo, ra-
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6733 giona delle porte, &amp; del fabricar antico di To$cana, &amp; delle forme ritonde de i Tempij, &amp; de
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6734 gli altari, &amp; con que$to pon fine alla fabrica con$ecrata alla religione.</I>
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6735 <HEAD><I>Di tre maniere di colonne, &amp; delle origini, &amp; inuentio-
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6736 ne di quelle. Cap. I.</I></HEAD>
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6737 <p>LE colonne Corinthie hanno tutte le mi$ure come le Ioniche, eccetto i capitel
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6738 li, ma le altezze de i capitelli fanno quelle per la rata parte piu alte, &amp; $ottili,
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6739 perche l'altezza del capitello Ionico &egrave; la terza parte della gro$$ezza della co-
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6740 lonna, ma del Corinthio, &egrave; di tutta la gro$$ezza intiera. perche adunque $o-
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6741 no aggiunte a i capitelli Corinthij due parti della gro$$ezza della colonna, per&ograve; fanno la
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6742 mo$tra di quelle piu $ottile. Tutti gli altri membri, che $opra le colonne $i po$ano, nelle
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6743 Corinthie $ono po$ti o dalle mi$ure, &amp; compartimenti Dorichi, ouero dalle u$anze Ioni-
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6744 che, perche la maniera Corinthia non ha propria in$titutione di gocciolatoi, o d'altri or
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6745 namenti. ma ouero nelli gocciolatoi i mutoli dalle ragioni delli Triglifi $ono di$po$te,
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6746 ouero ne gli architraui, le goccie all'u$anza Dorica $ono ordinate. Ouero $econdo le leg-
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6747 gi Ioniche, i fregi ornati di $colture con i dentelli, &amp; con le corone $i comparti$cono,
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6748 &amp; co$i di due maniere trapo$toui il capitello, &egrave; $tata nelle opere la terza maniera prodot-
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6749 ta. perche le nominanze de i tre generi. cio&egrave; Dorica, Ionica, &amp; Corinthia fatte $ono dal-
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6750 le formationi delle colonne, delle quali, la prima, &amp; antica nata &egrave; la Dorica.
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6751 <p><I>Nel pre$ente luogo Vitr. tratta delle origini, &amp; innentioni delle maniere delle colonne, &amp; del
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6752 la colonna Corinthia, &amp; del $uo capitello. Le regole delle Corinthie $ono breuemente raccolte.
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6753 La prima &egrave;, che le colonne Corinthie non $ono punto dalle Ioniche differenti di mi$ure, $aluo, che
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6754 nel capitello, perche (come hauemo ueduto nel precedente libro) il capitello Ionico &egrave; alto per
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6755 un terzo della gro$$ezza della colonna, &amp; (come qui $i dice) il capitello Corinthio, &egrave; alto tan-
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6756 to, quanto tutta la gro$$ezza della colonna. dalche na$ce, che la colonna Corinthia per la ag-
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6757 giunta di due parti &egrave; piu $uelta, &amp; pare piu $ottile. Ma doue ha detto Vitr. che il capitello Ioni-
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6758 <*>o &egrave; alto un terzo della gro$$ezza della colonna? Ri$pondo, che egli lo ha detto di fopra, nel ter
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6759 zo libro, quando egli di$$e.</I> Ma la gro$$ezza del capitello, $i deue fare in que$to modo,
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6760 che di noue parti, &amp; meza tre pendino inanzi $otto il tondino. <I>Perche $e tre parti $otto il
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6761 tondino $ono la$ciate alle uolute, ne re$tano $ei, &amp; meza, &amp; la gro$$ezza della colonna era par-
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6762 ti diciotto, &amp; quella meza parte &egrave; di$tribuita alla cimbia, &amp; per&ograve; la gro$$ezza del capitello Io-</I>
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6763 <pb n="163">
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6764 <I>nico uiene ad e$$er qua$i la terza parte della gro$$ezza della colonna. La $econda regola &egrave;, che
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6765 le Corinthie non hanno membri proprij di $opra, ma $i pigliano, o dalle $immetrie Doriche, o
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6766 dalle u$anze Ioniche. dice Vitr.</I> {<I>o dalle ragioni de gli Triglifi</I>} <I>cio&egrave; dalla ragion Dorica, non
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6767 che $iano Triglifi nel Corinthio, ma perche il compartimento Dorico, &egrave; regolato $econdo gli Tri
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6768 glifi. Sinulmente per goccie intende, non quelle, che $ono $otto gli Triglifi, ma quelle, che $ono
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6769 di$poste $otto'l gocciolatoio, nel piano di $otto, come hauemo detto i moderni le chiamano fu$aio
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6770 li, non $apendo l'origine di quelle. Adunque nella maniera Corinthia, l'Architraue, il Freggio,
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6771 la Cornice, $i puo pigliare dalla mi$ura, &amp; compartimento Dorico. Egli $i puo anche pigliare
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6772 dalle u$anze Ioniche tutto quello, che s'impone a capitelli delle colonne, &amp; in que$to ca$o non &egrave;
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6773 differenza tra'l Ionico, &amp; il Corinthio, &amp; $i puo dire che il genere Corinthio non habbia altro
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6774 del $uo, che il capitello, &amp; que$to $i deue auuertire. Seguita Vitr. a dire l'origine del genere
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6775 Dorico, &amp; dice.</I>
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6776 <p>Perche nell'Achaia, &amp; nel Polopone$$o Doro figliuolo di Helleno, &amp; della ninfa Optice
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6777 hebbe il principato, que$ti in Argo antica citt&agrave; fece a ca$o il Tempio di Giunone di quel-
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6778 la maniera. Dapoi delle i$te$$e maniere non e$$endo anchor nata la ragione delle $imme-
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6779 trie fece i Tempij nelle altre citt&agrave; dell'Achaia. Ma poi che gli Athenie$i per le ri$po$te del
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6780 Delfico Apollo di commune con$iglio di tutta la Grecia in uno i$te$$o tempo condu$$e-
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6781 ro in A$ia tredici colonie, &amp; a cia$cuna colonia diedero il $uo capo, &amp; condottiere, dan-
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6782 do la $omma dello imperio ad Ione figliuolo di Xutho, &amp; di Creu$a, il quale per le ri$po$te
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6783 $ue Apollo in Delfo uolle chiamare $uo figliuolo; co$tui condu$$ein A$ia quelle colonie;
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6784 &amp; iui fabric&ograve; grandi$sime citt&agrave; hauendo occupati i confini della Caria, Ephe$o, Mileto,
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6785 Miunta, che gia fu dalle acque $orbita, i $acrificij, &amp; i $uffragij della quale gli lonij, a Mi
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6786 le$ij attribuirono, &amp; Priene, Samo, Teon, Colofona, Chio, Erithras, Phocea, Elazo
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6787 mene, Lebedo, Melite. Que$ta Melite, per l'arroganza de cittadini da que$te citt&agrave; per
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6788 commune con$iglio mo$$agli guerra, fu ruinata. in luogo della quale dapoi, per benefi-
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6789 cio del Re Attalo, &amp; d'Ar$imone la citt&agrave; de Smirnei &egrave; $tata riceuuta nel numero delle cit-
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6790 t&agrave; Ioniche. Que$te citt&agrave; hauendo $cacciati i Carij, &amp; i Lelegi, nominarono dal loro capo
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6791 Ione quella regione Ionia &amp; ponendo iui i Tempij de i Dei immortali cominciorno a fa-
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6792 bricare alcuni Tempietti, &amp; prima (come uiddero in Achaia) fecero il Tempio d'Apol
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6793 lo, detto Pannionio, &amp; quello chiamarono Dorico, perche lo uiddero da prima co$i fat
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6794 to<*>nelle citt&agrave; de i Dorici. Ma uolendo ponere in quel Tempio le colonne, non hauendo
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6795 le $immetrie di quelle, &amp; cercando con che ragioni le pote$$ero fare, $i che, &amp; a $opporta-
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6796 re i pe$i fu$$ero ba$tanti, &amp; tenne$$ero approuata bellezza nello a$petto, mi$urarono la
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6797 pianta del piede uirile, &amp; hauendo trouato, che il piede era la $e$ta parte dell'altezza del-
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6798 l'huomo, co$i la traportarono nella colonna. Et di quella gro$$ezza, che fecero la ba$a
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6799 del fu$to della colonna, $ei fiate tanto leuarono in altezza quella col capitello. Et a
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6800 que$to modo la colonna Dorica cominci&ograve; dare ne gli edificij proportione, &amp; fermezza, &amp;
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6801 bellezza del corpo uirile. Appre$$o dapoi cercando di fabricare un Tempio a Diana, da
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6802 gli i$te$si ue$tigij trasferirono nuoua forma di maniera alla $ueltezza feminile. Et prima fe-
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6803 cero la gro$$ezza della colonna per la ottaua parte dell'altezza, &amp; accioche tene$$ero lo
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6804 a$petto piu alto $ottopo$ero alla ba$a in luogo di calzare la $pira, &amp; al capitello impo$ero
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6805 le uolute pendenti dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra, come cre$pi cincinni della capillatura, &amp;
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6806 ornarono le fronti di cima$e, &amp; con fe$toni, (che encarpi $i dicono) cio&egrave; frutti raccolti
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6807 in$ieme, &amp; foglie colligate in uece di capelli di$po$te, &amp; per tutto'l tronco della colonna
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6808 la$ciarono andar a ba$$o le canalature, come falde delle ue$timenta all'u$anza delle matro-
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6809 ne; &amp; co$i con due differenze imitarono la inuentione delle colonne, una $chietta, &amp; nu
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6810 da $enza ornamento, che era di $embiante uirile, l'altra di muliebre $ottigliezza, &amp; orna-
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6811 mento, &amp; mi$ura. Ma quelli che uennero dapoi con eleganza, &amp; $ottigliezza di giudi-
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6812 <foot><I>X</I> 2</foot>
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6813 <pb n="164">
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6814 cio andarono piu inanzi, &amp; dilettando$i di moduli piu $ottili, fecero l'altezza della colon
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6815 na Dorica di $ette diametri della gro$$ezza, &amp; la Ionica di otto, &amp; meza. Et quello, che
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6816 gli Ioni fecero da prima, Ionico &egrave; $tato detto. Ma il terzo genere, che Corinthio $i
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6817 chiama, &egrave; pre$o dalla imitatione della $ueltezza uirginale, imperoche le uergini per late-
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6818 nerezza della et&agrave;, e$$endo di piu $uelte membra formate, riceueno piu leggiadri, &amp; gratio$i
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6819 effetti. Ma la inuentione del capitello Corinthio $i narra che in que$to modo $ia $tata ritro
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6820 uata. Vna uergine cittadina di Corinto gia da marito, e$$endo inferma uenne a morte.
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6821 la notrice di quella hauendo raccolto tutti que ua$i, de i quali la uergine uiuendo $i dilet-
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6822 taua, &amp; po$ti quelli in un ce$tello, dapoi, che fu $epelita, gli fece portare al monumento,
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6823 &amp; porli da capo, &amp; accioche piu lungamente re$ta$$ero allo $coperto aere, ui po$e $opra
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diff changeset
6824 una tegola. Il ce$tello per ca$o era $tato po$to $opra una radice di Acanto. in quel mezo
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diff changeset
6825 la radice nel mezo dal pe$o oppre$$a, mand&ograve; fuori da primauera i ritorti cauli, &amp; le foglie
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6826 cre$cendo i cauli lungo i lati del ce$tello, &amp; da gli anguli della tegola per la nece$sit&agrave; $pin
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6827 ti in fuori, furono con$tretti nelle ultime parti delle uolute piegar$i. Allhora Callima-
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diff changeset
6828 co, il quale per la eleganza, &amp; $ottigliezza dell'arte, fu da gli Athenie$i cachizotecnos no
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diff changeset
6829 minato, pa$$ando appre$$o quel monumento, auuertendo uide quel ce$tello, &amp; d'intor-
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diff changeset
6830 no la tenerezza na$cente delle foglie, &amp; dilettato$i della maniera, &amp; della nouit&agrave; della for-
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diff changeset
6831 ma fece a quella $imiglianza appre$$o i Corinthij le colonne, &amp; po$e le conueneuoli ragio
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diff changeset
6832 ni di quelle, &amp; dapoi nelle perfettioni delle opere, fece la di$tributione della maniera
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diff changeset
6833 Corinthia.
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diff changeset
6834 <p><I>Richiederebbe un curio$o, che io cita$$i in que$to luogo l'auttorit&agrave; di Plinio, di Pau$ania, &amp;
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6835 di Strabone, &amp; d'altri autori per e$ponere le hi$torie, &amp; le de$crittioni de i luoghi po$ti da Vitr.
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6836 ma io credo a Vitr. &amp; maggior cura mi $trigne, &amp; d'importanza maggiore, che narrare le hi$to
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diff changeset
6837 rie, de$criuer luoghi, &amp; dipigner herbe. Grande occa$ione, &amp; bella, ci ha dato la natura, per
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diff changeset
6838 fare, che l'arte perfetta fu$$e, quando ella ci propo$e la forma del corpo humano. percioche con
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6839 il numero, con i termini, &amp; contorni, con lo $ito, &amp; collocatione delle parti, in un $oggetto no
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diff changeset
6840 bili$$imo ci diede e$$empio merauiglio$o di $ingular bellezza; fece, che i corpi quantunque di$$imi
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6841 gl anti fu$$ero, nientedimeno belli, &amp; ben formati, &amp; uaghi ci pare$$ero. La onde molte bellezze
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6842 nate $ono, percioche con lo certo, &amp; determinato numero delle parti, la natura congiun$e la cor
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6843 ri$pondente grandezza con i termini $uoi, &amp; niente la$ci&ograve;, che in luogo proprio, &amp; accommo-
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6844 dato non fu$$e: perche $i trouano de i corpi gentili, &amp; $uelti, che ci porgeno diletto, &amp; $e ne tro-
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diff changeset
6845 uano de gli altri, che $ono piu $odi, &egrave; maggiori, &amp; per&ograve; non ci di$piaceno, &amp; finalmente tra que-
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diff changeset
6846 $ti, &amp; quelli altri $ono belli, &amp; gratio$i, come che in ogni co$a $i truoua il grande, il picciolo,
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6847 &amp; il mediocre, cia$cuno con le $ue ragioni. il che con$iderando l'huomo, &amp; leggendo nel li-
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diff changeset
6848 bro della natura per imitarla nelle $ue compo$itioni, uolle, che tre maniere fu$$ero prin-
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diff changeset
6849 cipali del fabricare, con$iderando molto bene l'officio, &amp; il fine di cia$cuna fabri-
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diff changeset
6850 ca: &amp; per&ograve; quella che piu pote$$e durare alla fatica, &amp; piu fermezza, &amp; piu di $odo haue$$e,
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diff changeset
6851 Dorica uolle chiamare: perche fu prima da i Dorie$i di que$to modo pigliata: ma quella, che piu
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6852 $ottile, &amp; piu $uelta fu$$e, Corinthia: la mezana, qua$i tra amendue collocata, Ionica, da Ione,
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6853 come dice Vitr. Ma perche cia$cuna haue$$e donde parere diletteuole, &amp; bella, cominci&ograve; con
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6854 gran diligenza a con$iderare, che numero, che termini, &amp; come $i haue$$ero a di$porre le par-
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6855 ti. Vedendo$i adunque (come ben di$corre Lione) che il diametro del corpo humano dall' uno,
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6856 &amp; l'altro lato, &egrave; per la $esta parte, &amp; dal bilico alle reni per la decima dell' altezza del corpo,
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6857 fu pre$a l'occa$ione delle mi$ure: perche ritrouando, che $e delle colonne altre fu$$ero piu alte
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6858 $ei parti, altre dieci del piede loro, per lo innato $entimento, col quale potemo giudicare, che tan
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parents:
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6859 ta gro$$ezza, ouero tanta $ottigliezza non ha del buono, cominci&ograve; a fare l'ufficio $uo, &amp; di$cor-
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parents:
diff changeset
6860 rere, che co$a fu$$e di mezo tra que$ti ecce$$i, che pote$$e piacere, &amp; di $ubito $i diede alla in-
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diff changeset
6861 uentione delle proportioni, &amp; co$i po$ti in$ieme quegli ecce$$i, cio&egrave; $ei, &amp; dieci, diui$ero la $om-</I>
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6862 <pb n="165">
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parents:
diff changeset
6863 <I>ma in due parti, donde ritrouarono, che'l numero di otto era quello, che dal $ei, &amp; dal dieci con
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parents:
diff changeset
6864 eguali $pacij era di$tante. Piacque la inuentione, &amp; ne riu$c&igrave; la proua: &amp; per&ograve; diedero alla
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6865 lunghezza della colonna otto Diametri del piede, &amp; quella (come io ho detto) da gli Ioni, Io-
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parents:
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6866 nica naminarono. Dapoi giugnendo il minor termine, che era$ei, con que$to numero di nuouo
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parents:
diff changeset
6867 ritrouato, cio&egrave; con otto fecero una $omma di quattordici, che partita egualmente rendeua $ette,
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parents:
diff changeset
6868 $econdo il qual numero da Dorie$i $u fatta la colonna Dorica di $ette te$te. ma aggiugnendo il ter-
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parents:
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6869 mine maggiore, che era dieci con quello di mezo, che era otto raccol$ero diciotto, che partito in
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parents:
diff changeset
6870 due faceua noue, perilche alla forma piu $uelta, &amp; piu $ottile diedero noue diametri, &amp; Corin-
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parents:
diff changeset
6871 thia la chiamarono, perche da Corinto (che hora Caranto $i chiama) uenne la inuentione
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parents:
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6872 per auuertimento di Callimacho Architetto: Dal nnmero adunque cominciarono a dare la bel-
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parents:
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6873 lezza. Poi uennero al contorno, facendo le diminutioni, le gonfiezze, i collarini, &amp; le cim-
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parents:
diff changeset
6874 bie con gratia, &amp; ornamento, di$ponendo le parti di cia$cuna al luogo $uo. ben &egrave; uero, che il $ito,
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diff changeset
6875 &amp; la di$po$itione delle parti piu pre$to $i la$cia cono$cere, &amp; $entire, quando $ta male, che s'in-
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parents:
diff changeset
6876 tenda come far $i deggia. percioche quella &egrave; gran parte del giudicio dell'huomo in$ito da natura.
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parents:
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6877 Ben &egrave; uero, che ci $ono alcune auuertenze, nel mettere in opera le co$e ben compartite, come fa-
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parents:
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6878 re, che le co$e uadino a piombo, che i membri ri$pondino $u'l uiuo, che il tutto na$ca da terra,
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parents:
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6879 che le colonne $iano pari di numero, a $imiglianza de i piedi de gli animali, che le apriture $iano
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parents:
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6880 di$pari, che le parti inferiori $iano piu gro$$e, che le $uperiori: che le Doriche non $iano troppo
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parents:
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6881 lauorate, ornate $iano le Ioniche, ornati$$ime le Corinthie. perilche non $i puo $e non bia$mare,
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parents:
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6882 chi nelle opere Doriche, ha po$to tanta $ottilit&agrave;, &amp; uariet&agrave; di lauori, che piu non potrebbe ha-
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6883 uer fatto nelle Corinthie, grande $pe$a, inutile, non goduta, &amp; $enza decoro fu fatta, $e bene al-
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6884 cuno dice$$e e$$ere opera compo$ta. A me la ragione da ardire, &amp; la i$perienza, &amp; la cognitio-
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6885 ne d'alcune co$e de gli antichi, lequali quando erano po$te lontane dall'occhio erano $olamente
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parents:
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6886 $gro$$ate, ma le piu uicine erano piu finite: $e per&ograve; l'ambitione, &amp; l'auantaggio, &amp; commodit&agrave;
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parents:
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6887 de lauoranti non gli moueua. egli $i legge, che per lo pericolo, che era nel drizzar le colonne, che
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parents:
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6888 non $i rompe$$ero, $i $oleua prima drizzarle, &amp; poi lauorarle. in $omma ri$pondino (come ho gia
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6889 detto) le co$e de$tre alle $ini$tre, le alte alle ba$$e, le dinanzi alle di dietro; in modo, che ogni
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parents:
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6890 co$a po$ta $ia al luogo $uo, &amp; ri$pondendo $i in$ieme, &amp; bellezza, &amp; fermezza apportino a gli
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parents:
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6891 edificij. Voglio far hora auuertiti alcuni, i quali $i marauigliano, che Vitru. i$te$$o non pur al-
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parents:
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6892 tri, che hanno fabricato tra gli antichi Architetti, s'habbia alcuna fiata $co$tato dalle dette mi
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parents:
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6893 $ure. Io ho detto di $opra con l'auttorit&agrave; di Vitru. che la ragione delle co$e &egrave; in $e uera, &amp; du-
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parents:
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6894 rabile, onde con la proportione $ene uiue, &amp; $ta $enza oppo$itione, ma non $empre diletta quel
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parents:
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6895 $entimento dell'animo no$tro, ilquale for$e piu a dentro per a$co$a forza di natura penetrando non
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parents:
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6896 con$ente a gli occhi, che la pura &egrave; $emplice proportione alcuna fiata diletti. ma dalla materia
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6897 delle co$e, dalla grandezza, dalla di$tanza (come ho detto) richiede alcuna maniera, &amp; for-
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6898 ma, che acconci quello gratio$amente, che troppo $implicemente ci porge la mi$ura, &amp; propor-
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6899 tione, come nelle $tatue antiche $i uede, altre di noue, altre di dieci, altre tra noue &amp; dieci te$te
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6900 formate. Et nella Mu$ica finalmente ci $ono alcuni $uoni, i quali uengono alle orecchie con dol-
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6901 cezza, che per&ograve; non $ono tra le con$onanze collocati. per&ograve; dico, che ognuno deue ce$$are dalla
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6902 merauiglia, quando ritroua in molte opere la mi$ura alquanto uariata da i<*> precetti, perche egli &egrave;
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6903 a ba$tanza tra'l maggiore, &amp; minore ecce<02>o contener$i, uariando i mezi con giudicio, &amp; $otti-
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6904 gliezza d'auuertimento. &amp; per&ograve; da gli $pacij, &amp; uani tra le colonne Vitru. ha regolato l'altez-
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6905 za di quelle, n&egrave; mai &egrave; u$cito de i termini. Plinio nel trente$imo $esto libro al trente$imo terzo
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6906 capo ragiona delle colonne, &amp; mi$ure loro, &amp; del Tempio di Diana Efe$ia, &amp; delle $ue propor-
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6907 tioni. Oltra le predette maniere di colonne, ci $ono le Attiche quadrangulari, &amp; di lati egua-
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6908 li. Quello che dice Vitru. di Callimaccho Architetto, che per la eleganza dell'arte era detto
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6909 Cachizoternos, perche $empre egli $pezzaua le co$e fatte, n&egrave; mai $i contentaua, &amp; $empre po-
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6910 liua, altri leggono Lixitecnon, perche $ottilmente poliua le co$e <*>dell'arte $ua. &amp; for$e qua-
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6911 dra meglio a Vitr.</I>
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6912 <pb n="166">
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6913 <p>La $immetria, o<*>ero compartimento di quel capitello, in que$to modo $i deue fare:
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6914 che quanto far&agrave; la gro$$ezza della colonna da piedi, tanto $ia l'altezza del capitello, con
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6915 il dado o Abaco. Ma la larghezza dell'Abaco co$i habbia la $ua ragione: che quanto $a-
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6916 r&agrave; l'altezza, due tanti $ia la diagonale, percioche gli $pacij haueranno per ogni uer$o le
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6917 fronti giu$te. $iano le fronti della larghezza piegate in entro da gli e$tremi anguli dello
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6918 Abaco, per la nona parte della larghezza della $ua fronte: habbia al ba$$o del capitello
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6919 tanta gro$$ezza, quanto &agrave; la colonna di $opra, oltra l'Apothe$i, &amp; lo A$tragalo, cio&egrave; cim-
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6920 bia, &amp; tondino. La gro$$ezza dello Abaco per la $ettima dell'altezza del capitello. &amp; le
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6921 uata la gro$$ezza dell'Abaco, $ia il re$tante diui$o in tre parti, delle quali una $i dia alla fo-
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6922 gliatura di $otto, l'altra habbia la fogliatura di mezo, &amp; i cauliculi habbiano la i$te$$a altez
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6923 za, &amp; da quelli na$chino le foglie, lequali gettate in fuori abbracciano lo Abaco. ma quel-
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6924 le uolute, &amp; minuti inuogli, che na$ciuti dalle foglie de i cauliculi uengono in fuori fin a
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6925 gli e$tremi anguli, $iano $colpiti tra'l $uo mezo $ottopo$ti a i fiori, che $ono nello Abaco. i
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6926 quali fiori da tutte quattro le parti $iano formati tanto grandi, quanto &egrave; la gro$$ez-
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6927 za dello Abaco. co$i in que$te $immetrie, &amp; compartimenti $aranno formati i capitel-
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6928 li Corinthij.
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6929 <p><I>Io ho e$po$to di $opra a<02>ai chiaramente que$ta compo$itione, &amp; dimo$tratola in di$egno. Ve-
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6930 ro &egrave;, che egli $i ha auuertito appre$$o gli antichi, che l'altezza del capitello $enza lo Abaco era
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6931 di uno diametro di colonna, il che gli daua maggior $ottigliezza.</I>
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6932 <p>Sono anche le maniere de i capitelli, che alle mede$ime colonne s'impongono, con di-
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6933 uer$i uocabuli nominate. de i quali n&egrave; le propriet&agrave; delle mi$ure, n&egrave; la maniera delle
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6934 colonne potemo nominare. ma ben uedemo che i uocaboli di quelli $ono $tati transferi-
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6935 ti, &amp; tramutati da i capitelli Corinthij, Ionichi, &amp; Dorichi, le $immetrie de i quali $ono $ta
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6936 te traportate in $ottigliezza di noue $colture.
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6937 <p><I>La maggior parte de i belli antichi edificij $ono di maniera compo$ta, &amp; que$ta maniera &egrave; ua-
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6938 ria $econdo la diuer$it&agrave; delle proportioni, che $i compongono in$ieme; per&ograve; non hanno que$te ma-
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6939 niere proprio nome, benche a d&igrave; no$tri, $e le dia'l nome d'Italiana. Veggon$i capitelli con tanta
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6940 diuer$it&agrave; di lauori, che non ci &egrave; numero, altri con fogliazze grandi, altri con minute, &amp; $ono
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6941 belli$$imi, altri hanno legature d'animali, come s' &egrave; detto, altri hanno &amp; uolute tolte da gli Io-
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6942 nichi, &amp; foglie tolte da i Corinthij: &amp; tutti $ono garbati, &amp; gratio$i: &amp; indeterminatamente $i
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6943 deono chiamare, capitelli, omaniere compo$te.</I>
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6944 <HEAD><I>De gli ornamenti delle colonne. Cap. II<*>.</I></HEAD>
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6945 <p>Perche di $opra $ono $tate de$critte le origini, &amp; le inuentioni delle colonne $e-
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6946 condo le maniere loro, egli non mi pare lontano dal propo$ito no$tro con le
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6947 i$te$$e ragioni trattare de gli ornamenti di quelle, come nati $ono, &amp; da quai
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6948 principij, &amp; da che origini ritrouati. In tutti gli edificij $i pone di $opra la
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6949 trauatura, &amp; l'opera di legname con diuer$i uocaboli nominata: &amp; $i come nelle nominan-
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parents:
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6950 ze, co$i nello effetto ritiene diuer$e, &amp; uarie utilit&agrave;. imperoche $opra le colonne pila$tri,
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parents:
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6951 &amp; erte, o $tanti, che $i dica, $i pongono le traui. ne i palchi &amp; ta$$elli, i piccioli morelli,
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6952 &amp; le a$si. $otto i tetti $e gli $pacij $aranno maggiori, ui ua il colmello nel $ommo del col-
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6953 mo. onde poi dette $ono le colonne, &amp; anche $i pongono i trauicelli attrauer$ati, &amp; le chia
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6954 ui. Ma $e gli $pacij $aranno commodi, il colmello, &amp; i cantieri uenghino in fuori fin al-
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6955 lo e$tremo del grondale. &amp; $opra i canthieri $tiano i tempiali, o pianelle, dapoi di $o=
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6956 pra $otto le tegole gli a$$eri, che $portino in modo, che dalle loro proietture, &amp; $porti,
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6957 $iano coperti i pareti.
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6958 <pb n="167">
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6959 <p><I>Mirabile dottrina, &amp; pratica d'Architettura c'in$egna Vitruuio nel pre$ente Cap. percio-
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6960 che egli ci rende conto di tutti gli adornamenti, &amp; membri che $i metteno $opra le colonne, o pi
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6961 la$tri, o muri, o stanti, che egli chiama, a<*>nt&aelig;. dimo$trando chiaramente la origine, &amp; inuen-
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6962 tione di quelli. dal che nel pre$ente luogo $i caua la ragione dimolti uocaboli. Certo &egrave; (come
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6963 $pe$$o ho detto) che dalla nece$$it&agrave; alla magnificenza del fabricare gli artifici $ono peruenuti. la
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6964 natura c'impo$e la nece$$it&agrave;: ma lo animo grande acce$o dalla concorrenza cerc&ograve; di auanzare
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6965 $e $te$$o. $i che i primi fabricarono come lor fatto ueniua, &amp; quanto il bi$ogno richiedeua. $uc
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6966 ce$$ero le conte$e di $uperar$i l'un l'altro, ma per&ograve; $i fondauano le inuentioni, &amp; gli accre$ci-
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6967 menti $opra la imitatione di quelle co$e, che per loro natura doueuano e$$er tali. per&ograve; non fecero
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6968 alcuna co$a ne gli adornamenti, di che non ne pote$$ero pienamente rendere la ragione dalla imi
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6969 tatione delle co$e $atte per nece$$it&agrave;. Eleuato adunque lo edificio nella gi&agrave; dimo$trata forma dal
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6970 fondameuto fin alla cima de i pareti, colonne, muri, pilastri, o $tanti, bi$ognaua coprirlo, ac-
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6971 cioche perfettamente $i uede$$e il fine dell'opera: era nece$$ario nel coperto prouedere, che i pa-
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6972 reti$te$$ero uniti, &amp; legati in$ieme, &amp; che'l coperto acconciamente $i ripo$a$$e, non $pignendo
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6973 i pareti: la onde per hauere quanto s'&egrave; detto, egli &egrave; da $apere, che bi$ogna fare tutto questo la-
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6974 uoro di legname: che da Vitruuio &egrave; detto materiatio. &amp; cono$cere di$tintamente i nomi, gli ef-
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parents:
diff changeset
6975 fetti, &amp; l'ufficio di cia$cuna co$a. Tre co$e adunque douemo auuertire nell'opera di legname,
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diff changeset
6976 l'una &egrave; quella, che $i impone prima $opra le colonne, i muri, &amp; pilastri: que$ta $i chiama tra-
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parents:
diff changeset
6977 uatura. la $econda &egrave; detta contignatione: que$ta $i diuide in due parti, l'una &egrave; la legatura del tet-
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parents:
diff changeset
6978 to, l'altra &egrave; il tetto, &amp; coperto. Della trauatura $i caua questo utile, che i pareti $i tengono in-
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parents:
diff changeset
6979 $ieme, dalla legatura, che il tetto $i uni$ce, dal tetto, che l'edificio $i copre, &amp; $i defende. &amp;
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diff changeset
6980 da tutte queste co$e hanno hauuto origine diuer$i adornamenti nelle fabriche, come $i dir&agrave; qui
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parents:
diff changeset
6981 $otto. Sapremo adunque come alcuna fiata tra un parete, &amp; l'altro $i troua grande interuallo,
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diff changeset
6982 &amp; alcuna fiata commodo, &amp; non molto di$tante. per&ograve; nelle legature de i tetti ui u&agrave; piu, &amp; me-
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parents:
diff changeset
6983 no artificio. per&ograve; $e'l tetto $i $pander&agrave; molto, &amp; $ar&agrave; troppo largo, nella $ommit&agrave; del colmo ui
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parents:
diff changeset
6984 u&agrave; per lungo uno traue mae$tro, che $i chiama columen in latino. noi dicemo colmello. dal
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parents:
diff changeset
6985 quale na$ceno come figliuoli tutti i legamenti del tetto: $i come dalla $pina mae$tra del pe$ce
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parents:
diff changeset
6986 na$ceno tutte le altre: &amp; for$e di qua &egrave; cauato quello, che $i $uol dire, il tale &egrave; di tale columel-
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parents:
diff changeset
6987 lo. Ci $ono i trauer$i: ci $ono anche le chiaui detti capreoli, dalla $imiglianza de pampini, che
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diff changeset
6988 legano le uiti; perche co$i quelli abbracciano i canteri: ma i trauicelli attrauer$ati latinamen-
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parents:
diff changeset
6989 te $i dicono tran$tra, &amp; uolgarmente catene, &amp; $ono quelli, $opra i quali $i ripo$ano le chiaui.
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parents:
diff changeset
6990 Ma $e'l tetto $ar&agrave; comodo, &amp; non porter&agrave; pericolo di slegar$i, &amp; $chiauar$i li potr&agrave; ba$tare $ola-
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parents:
diff changeset
6991 m&etilde;te il colmello c&otilde; i $uoi canterij, i quali $ono alcuni legni lunghi del tetto, i quali uengono dal col
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parents:
diff changeset
6992 mo, &amp; di$cendono da i lati in$ino $otto le grondi. $opra que$ti canteri, (i quali fanno parere il
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parents:
diff changeset
6993 tetto, come una galera riuer$cia, &amp; $i u$a di dire tra noi la galera &egrave; in cantieri, quando &egrave; fat-
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parents:
diff changeset
6994 to il $uo corbame) ui uanno i tempiali, che $ono trauetti, i quali uanno a trauer$o i cantieri, in
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parents:
diff changeset
6995 contra le fronti del tetto. $opra i tempiali, ui uanno gli a$$eri, che $ono legni larghi quattro
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parents:
diff changeset
6996 oncie, che uanno $opra i tempiali, come i canteri di $otto. &amp; quiui &egrave; po$ta la ragione del coper-
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parents:
diff changeset
6997 to. perche $opra gli a$$eri s'impongono le tegole, i capi delle quali s'incontrano ripo$ando $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
6998 pra'l mezo de gli a$$eri. Et que$to &egrave; quanto la nece$$it&agrave; ci ha dimostrato, s&igrave; perche il tetto $te$$e
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parents:
diff changeset
6999 in piouere, accioche le neui non lo carica$$ero, s&igrave; perche $caccia$$i le acque, &amp; le tempe$te lon-
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parents:
diff changeset
7000 tane da i pareti, &amp; fu$$e ben legato. &amp; que$to &egrave; quanto Vitruuio ha detto fin hora. come la figu-
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parents:
diff changeset
7001 ra ci dimo$tra.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
7002 <pb n="168">
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parents:
diff changeset
7003 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
7004 <pb n="169">
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parents:
diff changeset
7005 <p>Et co$i egli $i ueder&agrave;, che ogni co$a con$eruer&agrave;, &amp; il luogo, &amp; la maniera &amp; l'ordine
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parents:
diff changeset
7006 proprio. Dalle dette co$e, &amp; dall'opera di legname gli arte$ici con le loro $colture nelle
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parents:
diff changeset
7007 opere di p<*>etra, &amp; di marmo, nel fabricare de i Tempij hanno imitato le di$po$itioni, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
7008 hanno giudicato, che egli $ia da $eguitare quelle inuentioni: percioche gli antichi fabri
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parents:
diff changeset
7009 edificando in un certo luogo, hauendo co$i po$te le traui dalle parti di dentro de i pare-
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parents:
diff changeset
7010 ti, che correuano fin alle e$treme, &amp; u$ciuano, &amp; $portauano in fuori, compo$ero anche
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parents:
diff changeset
7011 quello, che fra traue, &amp; traue $i poneua. &amp; ornarono con opere di legname gratio$a-
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parents:
diff changeset
7012 mente quello, che andaua $opra le cornici, &amp; le $ommit&agrave;, &amp; poi tagliauano gli $porti de
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parents:
diff changeset
7013 i traui a pari de pareti a perpendicolo. la qual forma parendo loro, che for$e $enza garbo,
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parents:
diff changeset
7014 &amp; $enza gratia, conficcarono $opra le te$te de i trauicelli tagliate nella fronte alcune tauo
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parents:
diff changeset
7015 lette nel modo, che hora $ono i Triglifi: &amp; quelle dipin$ero con cera biaua, accioche le
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parents:
diff changeset
7016 tagliature de gli trauicelli non offende$$ero la ui$ta. &amp; co$i nelle opere Doriche le diui-
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parents:
diff changeset
7017 $ioni de i trauicelli coperti con la di$po$itione de gli Triglifi cominciarono hauere lo $pa
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parents:
diff changeset
7018 cio po$to tra gli trauicelli, &amp; il letto delle trauature.
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parents:
diff changeset
7019 <p><I>Hora tenendo$i a mente gli effetti di cia$cuna delle predette co$e, potremo beni$$imo $apere la
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parents:
diff changeset
7020 origine de gli ornamenti, che nelle opere di pietra $ono stati introdutti da i grandi Architetti,
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parents:
diff changeset
7021 &amp; con che ragione s'habbiano a fare. Ha detto Vitruuio, che $opra le colonne, &amp; i pilastri,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
7022 &amp; pareti s'impone la trauatura, &amp; $opra la trauatura il tetto, o colmo. ha e$po$to le parti, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
7023 le ragioni de i coperti, &amp; del colmo. Hora ci e$pone come da quelle parti, &amp; dalle opere di le-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
7024 gno $ono $tati transferiti gli ornamenti nelle opere di pietra, o di marmo: come nelle opere
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parents:
diff changeset
7025 Doriche i Triglifi, &amp; i Modioni, &amp; nelle Ioniche i dentelli: &amp; dice, che i Triglifi $ono stati
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
7026 fatti ad imitatione delle te$te delle traui, lequali prima $portauano fuori de i pareti, &amp; poi erano
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parents:
diff changeset
7027 tagliate a drittura de i pareti, &amp; perche non faceuano bella ui$ta, erano inue$tite di tauolette
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parents:
diff changeset
7028 dipinte con cera, di quel modo, che hoggi d&igrave; pareno i Triglifi con que canali, &amp; con que pianuz-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
7029 zi, che $i uedeno, che pare, che que canali $iano fatti per riceuere le acque cadenti dalla cor
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parents:
diff changeset
7030 nice. Gli Architetti adunque nelle opere di pietra hanno traportato quelle inuentioni, &amp; han-
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parents:
diff changeset
7031 no fatto gli Triglifi, &amp; le Metope, cio&egrave; gli $pacij tra uno triglifo, &amp; l'altro, che rappre$enta-
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parents:
diff changeset
7032 uano le diui$ioni d'un Triglifo all'altro, come da un traue all'altro. Similmente i mutuli, o mo-
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parents:
diff changeset
7033 dioni $ono $tati pre$i nelle opere Doriche di pietra dalle opere di legname. que$ti rappre$entano
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parents:
diff changeset
7034 gli $porti de i canterij $otto le cornici, come gli Triglifi rappre$entano gli $porti delle traui $opra
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parents:
diff changeset
7035 l'Architraue. Que$ti modioni $ono piegati, accioche aiutino il cader deue acque. $ono piu lar
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parents:
diff changeset
7036 ghi, &amp; di meno gro$$ezza de gli Triglifi. &amp; il luogo loro &egrave; $otto le cornici, &amp; la figura qui
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parents:
diff changeset
7037 $otto lo dimo$tra: &amp; pero dice Vitruuio.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
7038 <p>Dapoi $ono $tati altri, che in altre opere a perpendicolo de gli Triglifi hanno fatto
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parents:
diff changeset
7039 $portare i canterij, &amp; hanno fatto piegare gli $porti loro. &amp; come dalla di$po$itione delle
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parents:
diff changeset
7040 traui uennero gli Triglifi, co$i da gli $porti de i canterij $otto i gocciolatoi &egrave; $tata ritro-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
7041 uata la ragione de i mutuli, o modioni: &amp; co$i nelle opere di pietra, &amp; di marmo, $i for
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parents:
diff changeset
7042 mano i modioni $colpiti, che piegano. il che non &egrave; altro che la imitatione de i canterij:
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
7043 perciohe di nece$sita, per li cadimenti delle acque $i fanno piegare in fuori. &amp; per&ograve; la ra-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
7044 gione s&igrave; de gli Triglifi, come de i modioni, nelle opere Doriche &egrave; $tata da quella imita=
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
7045 tione ritrouata. Percioche non come alcuni errando hanno detto, che gli Triglifi $o-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
7046 no le imagini delle fine$tre, co$i puo e$$ere. perche gli Triglifi $i pongono ne gli anguli, &amp;
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
7047 contra i quadri delle colonne, ne i quali luoghi niuna ragion uuole, che $i facciano le fi=
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
7048 ne$tre, percioche le giunture delle cantonate $i $legano ne gli edificij, $e $i la$cieranno in
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
7049 quelle i lumi delle fine$tre.
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
7050 <p><I>Le cantonate de gli edificij deueno e$$er forti$$ime, perche $ono come l'o$$a delle fabriche, la
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parents:
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7051 doue non poco errore &egrave; di colui, &amp; non picciol danno dello edificio, $e il cantone $i apre con qual-
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7052 che foro. non &egrave; aduuque buona la opinione di quelli, che uogliono, che gli Triglifi &amp; le metope</I>
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7053 <foot><I><G>*u</G></I></foot>
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7054 <pb n="170">
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7055 <fig>
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diff changeset
7056 <I>rappre$entino le fine$tre, perche oltra, che la ragione nol con$ente, $eguitarebbe, che nelle ope-
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diff changeset
7057 re Ioniche i dentelli pote$$ero $imilmente rappre$entare i fori delle finestre, il che non puo e$$ere,
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diff changeset
7058 come dice Vitr. &amp; c'in$egna ad un tratto l'origi&nacute;e de i dentelli nelle opere Ioniche, &amp; dice.</I>
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diff changeset
7059 <p>Et di piu anche $e doue hora $i fanno gli Triglifi, iui $ar&agrave; giudicato, che $iano $tati gli
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diff changeset
7060 $patij de i lumi, per la i$te$$a ragione ci pu&ograve; parere, che nelle opere Ionichei dentelli hab
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7061 biano occupato il luogo delle fine$tre, percioche amendue gli $patij, &amp; quelli, che $ono
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7062 tra i dentelli, &amp; quelli, che $ono tra gli Triglifi $ono detti metope, perche Greci chiama-
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7063 no ope i letti delle traui, &amp; de gli a$$eri, come i no$tri chiamano caui colombari, &amp; co$i
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7064 lo $patio delle traui po$te tra due ope, appre$$o de Greci metopa &egrave; nominato. in modo,
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diff changeset
7065 <pb n="171">
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7066 che $i come per auanti nelle opere Doriche &egrave; $tata ritrouata, la ragione de gli Triglifi, &amp;
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7067 de i modioni, co$i nelle Ioniche la ordinatione de i dentelli, nelle opere tiene la $orza $ua.
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diff changeset
7068 Et $i come i modioni rappre$entano la imagine de gli $porti de i cantieri, co$i nelle Ioni-
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diff changeset
7069 che i dentelli da gli $porti de gli a$$eri hanno pre$a la imitatione. Et per&ograve; nelle opere de
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diff changeset
7070 Greci non &egrave;, chi $otto il modione metta i dentelli, perche non po$$ono $tare gli a$$eri
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diff changeset
7071 $otto i cantieri. Quello adunque, che $oprai cantieri, &amp; i tempiali ueramente deue e$$er
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parents:
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7072 collocato, $e nella rappre$entatione $ar&agrave; po$to di $otto, ci dar&agrave; forme, &amp; ragioni dell'ope
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parents:
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7073 ra piene di menda.
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parents:
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7074 <p><I>Adunque nelle opere Ioniche i dentelli rendeno la $imiglianza de gli $porti de gli a$$eri: &amp; per-
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parents:
diff changeset
7075 che gli a$$eri $ono $opra i canterij: per&ograve; i dentelli $ono $oprai modioni. que$to &egrave; $tato o$$eruato da
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parents:
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7076 Greci. Similmente egli &egrave; un'altro auuertimento fondato $opra la regola, che dalle uere u$anze
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7077 della natura delle co$e, egli $i deue prendere gli adornamenti dell'arte. Et que$to auuertimento &egrave;
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7078 po$to qui $otto da Vitr. il qual dice.</I>
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7079 <p>Et anche gli antichi non laudarono mai, n&egrave; ordinarono, che ne gli Fronti$picij $i haue$-
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parents:
diff changeset
7080 $e a fare i modio ni, ouero i dentelli, ma $olamente le cornici $chiette. perche n&egrave; i cante-
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parents:
diff changeset
7081 rij, n&egrave; gli a$$eri uanno di$tribuiti uer$o le fronti de gli Fronti$picij, n&egrave; po$$ono $portare,
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parents:
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7082 ma piegano uer$o i grondali. Et per&ograve; quello, che in uerit&agrave; non $i pu&ograve; fare, gli antichi
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7083 giudicarono non poter hauere determinata ragione, quando che egli fu$$e nelle imagini
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7084 rappre$entato. percioche nelle perfettioni delle opere traportarono ogni co$a con<*> certa
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parents:
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7085 propriet&agrave; delle uere u$anze di natura, &amp; non approuarono co$a, che la e$plicatione del
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parents:
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7086 fatto nelle di$putationi non pote$$e hauere la $ua ragione tolta dal uero. Et per&ograve; ci la$cia
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parents:
diff changeset
7087 rono ordinate le conuenienze delle mi$ure da quelle origini, &amp; le proportioni di tutte le
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7088 maniere, i principij delle quali hauendo io $eguitato, io ho detto di<*>$opra delle ordinatio
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7089 ni Ioniche, &amp; Corinthie. Hora io e$poner&ograve; breuemente la ragion Dorica, &amp; tutta la
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7090 forma $ua.
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parents:
diff changeset
7091 <p><I>Ogni co$a detta di $opra &egrave; facile, &amp; i$pedita, ma poco da molti Architetti $i &egrave;<*> con$iderato
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7092 quello, che Vitr. dice; cio&egrave;, che noi non douemo far co$a, che non habbia del ueri$imile, ne'rap
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7093 pre$entare imagine alcuna, che non habbia principio dal uero, &amp; che cadendo in di$putatione,
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7094 non $i habbia a ricorrere in $icuro luogo per $o$tentarla. Vitr. adunque bia$ima per opinione de
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7095 gli antichi i dentelli, o modioni fatti per gli fronti$picij: perche rappre$entando quelli i cantieri
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7096 o gli a$$eri, &amp; non uenendo i cantieri uer$o le fronti, &amp; non $portando gli a$$eri, non &egrave; po$$ibile
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7097 fare in que luoghi i dentelli, o i modioni, doue non $i ha ri$pondenza con alcuna co$a. Ma la u$an
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7098 za ha uinto la ragione fin al tempo di Vitr. perche nelle opere antiche tutio'l giorno $i uedeno, &amp;
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7099 dentelli, &amp; modioni nelle te$te de i Fronti$picij, &amp; pare, che tale ornamento $tia bene, tutto che
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7100 non ci $ia ragione.</I>
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7101 <HEAD><I>Della ragione Dorica. Cap. III.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
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7102 <p>ALCVNI de gli antichi Architetti hanno negato e$$er commoda, co$a fabrica-
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7103 rei Tempij alla Dorica; allegando che in quella maniera $iano i comparti-
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parents:
diff changeset
7104 menti di$conueneuoli, &amp; mendo$i. Et per&ograve; Tarte$io, Pitheo, &amp; Hermoge
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parents:
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7105 ne $imilmente lo negarono. perche hauendo Hermogene apparecchiata la
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parents:
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7106 materia per fare l'opera di maniera Dorica mut&ograve; quella, &amp; della i$te$$a fece un Tempio<*>al
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7107 la Ionica al padre Bacco. Et que$to fece non perche l'a$petto Dorico manca$$e di grat a,
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parents:
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7108 n&egrave; perche la maniera, o la dignit&agrave; della forma non ci fu$$e, ma perche il compartimento
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parents:
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7109 &egrave; impedito, &amp; incommodo nell'opera de gli Triglifi, &amp; nella di$tributione delle trauatu
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parents:
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7110 re: percioche egli &egrave; nece$$ario porre gli Triglifi contra i tetranti delle colonne, &amp; che le
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parents:
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7111 <foot><I><G>*u</G></I> 2</foot>
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7112 <pb n="172">
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parents:
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7113 metope tra gli Trigli$i $iano tanto lunghe, quanto alte. &amp; perlo contrario $ono po$ti gli
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parents:
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7114 Triglifi nelle extreme parti nelle colonne, &amp; non contra il mezo de i tetranti. dalche adi-
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parents:
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7115 uienc, che le metope, che $i fanno appre$$o gli Triglifi angulari non rie$cono quadrate,
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parents:
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7116 ma alquanto piu lunghe de gli Triglifi per met&agrave; dell'altezza. Ma quelli, che pur uoglio-
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parents:
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7117 no fare le metope eguali, ri$trigneno gli ultimi uani delle colonne per la met&agrave; dell'altezza
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parents:
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7118 d'uno Triglifo. Ma facendo $i quc$to o nelle lunghezze delle metope, o nello ri$trigne.
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parents:
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7119 re i uani, &egrave; diffetto$o, &amp; non $ta bene. per ilche pare, che gli antichi habbiano noluto
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parents:
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7120 $chiuare nel fabricar i Tempij, la ragione del compartimento Dorico.
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parents:
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7121 <p><I>Volendoci Vitr. dichiarire il compartimento Dorico, egli ci propone una difficult&agrave; de gli anti
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parents:
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7122 chi Architetti, accioche $tiamo noi piu auuertiti. Bia$imauano alcuni la mi$ura, &amp; comparti-
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parents:
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7123 mento Dorico nel fabricare i Tempij, non perche la forma non haue$$e del buono, o difpiace$$e la
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parents:
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7124 maniera, ma perche non tornaua bene il compartimento de gli Triglifi, &amp; delle metope. Noi ba
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parents:
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7125 uemo ueduto di $opra, che gli Triglifi ri$pondeuano alle te$te delle traui, perche erano le loro inue-
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parents:
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7126 $titure nelle opere di legno, &amp; che le metope ri$pondeuano a gli $patij, che erano da una te$ta
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parents:
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7127 d'una traue all'altra, detti intertignia dalla parte di fuori, &amp; Lacunaria dalla parte di dentro:
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parents:
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7128 &amp; le traui, &amp; gli $patij in$ieme, noi chiamamo la trauatura. Se adunque gli Triglifi rappre$en-
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parents:
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7129 tano le testte delle traui; &amp; le metope, gli $pacij: ne $egue, che e$$endo impedito il compartimen-
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parents:
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7130 to de gli Triglifi, &amp; delle Metope, $ia anche impedita la ragione, &amp; compartimento della traua
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7131 tura, &amp; del loro ornamento. Ma come $ia impedita la di$tributione de gli Triglifi, egli $i uede,
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7132 perche egli &egrave; nece$$ario, che lo Triglifo $ia giu$to per mezo la quadra della colonna, &amp; che la
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diff changeset
7133 metopa $ia tanto alta, quanto lunga: ma gli antichi non auuertendo a quello, che era rappre$en-
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7134 tato per gli Triglifi, &amp; per le metope poneuano $opra l'esttreme parti delle colonne, &amp; non $u'l
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7135 uiuo gli Triglifi. dal che ne na$ceua, che le metope, che erano appre$$o quegli Triglifi, non ueni-
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7136 uano quadre giustte, ma alquanto piu lunghe. &amp; que$to ueniua, perche uoleuano $eruare la di$tan
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7137 za tra colonna, &amp; colonna. Ma quelli, che di cio non curauano, &amp; uoleuano pure, che le me-
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diff changeset
7138 tope ueni$$ero giu$te, re$trigneuano gli $patij tra le colonne, &amp; obligauano quegli in modo, che
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diff changeset
7139 non poteuano cadere $otto le ragioni de gli intercolunnij, &amp; uani regolati. Re$trigneuano adun-
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diff changeset
7140 que gli e$tremi uani per la met&agrave; dell'altezza d'uno Triglifo; per giu$tar la metopa; &amp; que$to era
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diff changeset
7141 difetto$o. Et per que$to fuggiuano il modo di fabricare alla Dorica, non bia$imando l'a$petto,
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diff changeset
7142 n&egrave; la maniera, ma il compartimento, &amp; la $immetria, come fecero, Tarte$io, Pitheo, &amp; Her-
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diff changeset
7143 mogene. A que$to di$ordine prouede Vitr. gentilmente dimo$trandoci le ragioni, &amp; le proportio
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diff changeset
7144 ni di que$ti compartimenti, &egrave; dice.</I>
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7145 <p>Ma noi, come richiede l'ordine e$ponemo in quel modo, che da no$tri precettori ha-
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7146 uemo pre$o, accioche $e alcuno ponendo mente a que$te ragioni uorr&agrave; in que$to modo
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7147 cominciare, egli habbia e$plicate le proportioni, con le quali egli po$$a bene, &amp; $enza di-
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parents:
diff changeset
7148 fetto fabricare alla Dorica, &egrave; condurre a perfettione i $acri Tempij.
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parents:
diff changeset
7149 <p><I>Vitr. ci promette di dou<02>r dare il modo, &amp; le mi$ure di fabricare alla Dorica $enza difetto,
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7150 &amp; $i come nella maniera Ionica egli ci ba dato i precetti $econdo le forme de i Tempij, &amp; regola
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7151 ti quelli $econdo iuani tra le colonne: co$inella Dorica egli regola $econdo le i$te$$e forme, gli $pa
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7152 tij tra le colonne. Ben &egrave; uero, che la ragione di que$ti $patij, &amp; di que$ta maniera tutta dipende
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7153 dal compartimento de gli Triglifi. Et per&ograve; nel di $opra, &amp; in altri luoghi quando Vitr. dice. Li
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parents:
diff changeset
7154 ragione de gli Triglifi: egli intende la manier a Dorica. Comincia adunque a regolare la maniera
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7155 Dia$tilos, che ba il uano di tre colonne, $econdo lo a$petto di facciata in colonne detta pro$tilos:
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7156 &amp; $econdo ambe le te$te in colonne, detta amphipto$tilos: &amp; $otto un nome $olo comprende que-
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parents:
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7157 $ti due a$petti, chiamandoli Tetra$tilos, cio&egrave; di quattro colonne. Regola anche lo alato d'intor-
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7158 no detto peripteros, chiamandolo exa$tilos, cio&egrave; di $ei colonne. &amp; ci la$cia poi regolare a modo
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7159 no$tro le altre maniere, con le ragioni di quelle.</I>
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7160 <p>La fronte del Tempio Dorico, nel luogo doue s'hanno a porre le colonne, douendo
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diff changeset
7161 <pb n="173">
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7162 e$$ere di quattro colonne, $ia diui$a in parti uenti$ette. ma $e $ar&agrave; di $ei colonne, $ia partita
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7163 in parti quarantadue. Di que$te parti un<*>a $ar&agrave; il modulo, che Grecamente Embatis &egrave; det
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diff changeset
7164 to, &amp; &egrave; quello, per la cui con$titutione di$correndo, &amp; ragionando $i fanno i comparti-
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parents:
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7165 menti d'ogni opera. La gro$$ezza delle colonne far&agrave; di due moduli, l'altezza con il capi-
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parents:
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7166 tello di quattordici.
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7167 <p><I>In que$to luogo $i deue por mente, che $e bene Vitr. ha detto, che nella maniera Dia$tilos i ua
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parents:
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7168 ni $ono di tre gro$$ezze di colonne; non per&ograve; nella di$tributione pre$ente cadeno ne i uani tre gro$-
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7169 $ezze di colonne a punto, ma due, &amp; tre quarti: per&ograve; douemo auuertire, ($i come di $opra auuer
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parents:
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7170 tito hauemo) che quando Vitr. nel terzo libro ragiona de gli $patij tra colonna &amp; colonna, in
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7171 tutte le forme, o di $pe$$e, o di larghe, o di libere di$tanze, egli u$a que$ti termini. puo e$$er. $i
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parents:
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7172 puo porre. potemo tramettere. &amp; non dice $i deue porre, douemo tramettere, o deue e$$ere
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7173 lo $patio di tante colonne: perche non ci comanda, come egli fa nell'a$petto $cielto, &amp; elegante,
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parents:
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7174 dicendo</I> {<I>perche fare $i deono gli $patij de gli intercolunnij di due colonne, &amp; un quarto.</I>} <I>par-
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parents:
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7175 lando adunque indeterminatamente Vitr. non &egrave; nece$$ario, che apunto uenghino tre diametri tra
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7176 colonna, &amp; colonna in que$ta di$tr ibutione. Dapoi que$to egli $i deue auuertire, che $opra gli
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parents:
diff changeset
7177 anguli uengono meze metope, ma non di fatto meze apunto, $e bene Vitr. dice $emimetopia; per
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parents:
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7178 che egli anche dice, $emimetopia, per la met&agrave; d'un modulo in larghezza, che &egrave; $emitriglifo apun
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parents:
diff changeset
7179 to, come egli dir&agrave; di $otto. Et per&ograve; $i dice meza metopa, al modo, che $i dice $emituono, o $emi-
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parents:
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7180 uocale, non che $ia mezo tuono a punto, o meza uocale, ma perche &egrave; una co$a tra gli e$tremi.
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parents:
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7181 Da que$ta intelligenza ne na$ee, che la fronte di quattro colonne ha da e$$er diui$a in uenti$ette
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parents:
diff changeset
7182 parti, &amp; la fronte di $ei colonne in quaranta due, &amp; che con la ragione di que$te $i puo regolare
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parents:
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7183 le fronti di otto, &amp; di dieci colonne. Noi poneremo qui $otto la di$tributione, con gli Triglifi nu
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parents:
diff changeset
7184 di, &amp; gli $patij tra le colonne, perche poi con uno, o due e$$empi dello inpi&egrave;, $i dar&agrave; notitia di
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parents:
diff changeset
7185 que$ta di$tributione. A me piacerebbe, che la colonna fu$$e alta quattordici moduli, $enza il
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parents:
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7186 capitello per appro$$imar$i piu a quello, che ha detto Vitr. nel terzo libro, che nell'a$petto dia$ti
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parents:
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7187 los le altezze delle colonne $ono di otto te$te, &amp; meza. ma $eguitiamo il mae$tro.</I>
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parents:
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7188 <p>La gro$$ezza del capitello d'un modulo. La larghezza di due moduli, &amp; della $e$ta par-
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parents:
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7189 te di uno
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parents:
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7190 <p><I>Rie$ce meglio, della quinta parte, come ho detto. il re$tante &egrave; facile per la dichiaratione fat-
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parents:
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7191 ta da noi nel terzo libro.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
7192 <p>Diuida$i la gro$$ezza del Capitello in tre parti, d'una delle quali $i faccia l'Abaco con
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parents:
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7193 la Cima$a. dell'altra l'Ouolo con le anella. della terza il fregio fin al collarino. Sia poi
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parents:
diff changeset
7194 contratta, &amp; ra$tremata la colonna, $i come nel terzo libro &egrave; $tato nelle Ioniche dimo$tra
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parents:
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7195 to. l'altezza dello Architraue $ia d'un modulo, ponendoui la $ua li$ta, &amp; le goccie: &amp; la
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7196 li$ta $ia per la $ettima parte del modulo. La lunghezza delle goccie $otto la li$ta per mezo
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7197 gli Triglifi, alta con la regoletta penda inanzi per la $e$ta parte d'uno modulo, &amp; co$i la
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7198 larghezza del piano inferiore dello architraue ri$ponda al collarino della colonna di $o-
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7199 pra. Sopra lo architraue $i deono porre gli Triglifi con le metope $ue, larghi nella fron-
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7200 te un modulo, co$i diui$i, che nelle colonne angulari, &amp; nelle di mezo $iano contra il me
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7201 zo delli quadri, &amp; tra gli altri uani due: ma in quelli di mezo dinanzi, &amp; di dietro il Tem
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parents:
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7202 pio tre: &amp; a que$to modo allargati gli $pacij di mezo $enza impedimento $ar&agrave; commoda
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7203 l'entrata a i $imulacri de gli Dei. Parti$ca$i poi la larghezza dello Triglifo in parti $ei, del-
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7204 le quali ne $iano cinque nel mezo, ma due meze $iano di$egnate dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini-
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7205 $tra, &amp; con una regola nelmezo $ia formato il piano, che femur latinamente &amp;, miros, &egrave; det-
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7206 to da Greci. lungo quella regola con la punta della $quadra $iano riuolti i mezi canaletti. po
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7207 $ti gli Triglifi a que$to modo, $iano le metope, che uanno tra gli Triglifi t&atilde;to alte, quanto
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7208 lunghe. Et appre$$o di $opra le c&atilde;tonate $iano le meze metope impre$$e per la met&agrave; d'un mo
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diff changeset
7209 dulo. perche fac&eacute;do$i a que$to modo auuerr&agrave;, che tutti i difetti, &amp; errori s&igrave; delle metope, co
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7210 <pb n="174">
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7211 me de gli intercolunnij, &amp; delle trauature, e$$endo fatti giu$ti i c&oacute;partimenti, $aranno emen
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7212 dati. I capitelli de gli Trigli$i $i hanno a fare per la $e$ta parte d'un modulo. Sopra ica-
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7213 pitelli de gli Triglifi $i deue ponere la corona, o gocciolatoio, che $porti in fuori per la
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7214 met&agrave;, &amp; un $e$to d'un modulo, hauendo di $otto una cima$a Dorica, &amp; un'altra di $opra:
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diff changeset
7215 Et $ar&agrave; il gocciolatoio c&oacute; le $ue gole, o cima$e di gro$$ezza della met&agrave; d'un modulo. Deon-
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diff changeset
7216 $i poi $otto il gocciolatoio partire le dritture delle uie, &amp; i compartimenti delle goccie in
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7217 modo, che le dritture $iano a perpendicolo de gli Triglifi, &amp; per mezo le metope, &amp; i com
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diff changeset
7218 partimenti delle goccie in maniera, che $ei goccie in lunghezza, &amp; tre in larghezza $i uedi
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diff changeset
7219 no. ma il re$tante de gli $patij $ia la$ciato $chietto, ouero ui $iano $colpiti i fulmini; impe-
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diff changeset
7220 roche le metope $ono piu large de gli Triglifi. Al mento del gocciolatoio, $ia tagliata
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7221 una linea, che $i chiama $cotia, cio&egrave; cauetto. Tutto il re$tante delle parti, come Timpa-
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diff changeset
7222 ni, Gole dette $ime, &amp; gocciolatoi $i faranno, come hauemo $critto nelle Ioniche. Et
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7223 que$ta ragione $i truoua nelle opere dia$tile nominate.
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7224 <p>Ma $e l'opera $ar&agrave; da far$i della maniera Si$tilos. &amp; che habbia uno Triglifo $olo nelua
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7225 no, douendo e$$ere di quattro colonne, egli $i partir&agrave; la fronte in parti dicenoue &amp; meza,
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diff changeset
7226 $e di $ei, in parti uentinoue, &amp; meza, delle quali una $i piglia per modulo, alla cui mi$ura
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7227 (come &egrave; $critto di $opra) $ono compartite tutte le opere. co$i $opra in cia$cuna parte del-
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7228 lo architraue $i deono porre due metope, &amp; uno Triglifo, ma nelle cantonate non piu di
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7229 mezo Triglifo. Appre$$o le dette co$e s'aggiugne que$ta, che lo $patio di mezo $otto'l
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7230 fronti$picio $ar&agrave; da e$$er formato con due Triglifi, &amp; tre metope, accioche lo intercolun
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7231 nio $ia piu ampio, &amp; piu $patio$o, &amp; commodo a quelli, che uorranno entrare nel Tempio,
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7232 &amp; lo a$petto uer$o le imagini de gli Dei ritegna piu dignit&agrave;, &amp; grandezza. Sopra i capitel
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7233 li de gli Triglifi $i ha da ponere il gocciolatoio, che habbia (come s'&egrave; detto di $opra) due
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7234 gole alla Dorica, una di $opra, l'altra di $otto, &amp; co$i anche il gocciolatoio $ia per la me-
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7235 t&agrave; d'un modulo. Et ($i come s'&egrave; detto nelle opere dia$tile) $i diuideranno le dritture del-
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7236 le uie, &amp; $i faranno le di$tributioni delle goccie, &amp; le altre co$e dritto a perpendicolo de
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7237 gli Triglifi, &amp; per mezo le metope nella parte di $otto il gocciolatoio. <I>Cio&egrave; nel piano del
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7238 lo Architraue, che guarda al ba$$o, il quale non $ia piu largo di quella parte, che $i contragge
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7239 al collarino della colonna, che tanto &egrave; quanto la colonna di $opra.</I>
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7240 <p>Egli bi$ogna canalare le colonne con uenti canalature. quelle $e $aranno piane deono
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7241 hauere uenti anguli, ma $e $aranno cauate, $i deono fare in que$to modo: che quanto $a-
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7242 r&agrave; lo $pacio d'uno canale, tanto $i habbia a formare uno quadrato di lati eguali, &amp; nel me-
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7243 zo del quadrato $i ha da porre il piede della $e$ta, &amp; raggirare intorno la circonferenza,
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7244 che tocchi gli anguli della cauatura, &amp; quanto di cauo $ar&agrave; tra la circonferenza, &amp; la qua
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7245 drata de$crittione, tanto $ia cauato, a quella forma: &amp; a que$to modo la colonna Dorica
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7246 hauer&agrave; la perfettione della canalatura conueniente alla maniera $ua. Ma della aggiunta,
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7247 che $i fa nel mezo della colonna, co$i in que$ti $ia traportata, come nel terzo libro &egrave; $tato
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7248 nelle Ioniche di$egnato. Ma poi che la forma e$teriore de i compartimenti, &amp; Corinthi,
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7249 e Dorichi, &amp; Ionici &egrave; $tata de$critta, egli &egrave; nece$$ario, che $i dichiari da noi la di$tribu-
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7250 tione delle parti interioti delle celle, &amp; di quelle che $ono inanzi a i Tempij.
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7251 <p><I>Vitruuio &egrave; facile da $e, &amp; hauendo dal fondamento fin alla cima alzato la $ua fabrica, &amp;
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7252 mi$urato il tutto $econdo le tre maniere, $enza la$ciar parte, n&egrave; membro, n&egrave; ornamento, che $i
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7253 conuenga alle parti e$teriori, egli uuole entrar in chie$a, come $i dice, &amp; ricono$cere i compar
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7254 timenti di dentro, fermando $i alquanto nella entrata detta pronao, cio&egrave; antitempio, &amp; dopo
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7255 que$ta prome$$a, egli $i da alla e$ecutione. fin tanto qui $otto $aranno le figure delle co$e dette.</I>
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7256 <pb n="175">
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7257 <fig>
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parents:
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7258 <pb n="176">
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parents:
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7259 <HEAD><I>Della di$tributione di dentro delle Celle, &amp; dello
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parents:
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7260 antitempio. Cap. IIII.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
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7261 <p>LA lunghezza del Tempio $i comparte in modo, che la larghezza $ia la met&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
7262 della lunghezza: &amp; la cella $ia la quarta parte piu lunga di quello, cl e &egrave; la lar
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parents:
diff changeset
7263 ghezza col parete, nel quale $aranno po$te le porte. Le altre tre parti del pro
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parents:
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7264 nao, o Antitempio corrino uer$o le ante de i pareti, lequali deono e$$ere del
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parents:
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7265 la gro$$ezza delle colonne. Ma $e il Tempio $ar&agrave; di larghezza maggiore di uenti piedi, $i
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parents:
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7266 deono porre due colonne tra due ante, l'officio delle quali &egrave; $eparare lo $pacio delle ali &amp;
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parents:
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7267 del pronao.
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7268 <p><I>Io $timo che il pre$ente luogo fia difficile: &amp; $e non ci fu$$e qualche o$$eruatione de gli anti-
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7269 chi Tempij, for$e bi$ognarebbe indouinare. per&ograve; hauendo io o$$eruato alcune co$e, io uengo, in
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7270 opinione de interpretare il pre$ente luogo al modo infra$critto, riportandomi a migliore inuen-
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7271 tione. E$$endo tra le $emplici proportioni la moltiplice maggiore di quelle, $i come ho dimo$trato
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7272 nel terzo libro, co$a conueniente $i giudica u$are nella di$tributione de i Tempij le $pecie delle
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parents:
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7273 moltiplici proportioni: imperoche i Tempij $ono fatti per lo culto diuino, al quale $i richiede ogni
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7274 magnificenza, &amp; grandezza. Si che uolendo Vitruuio tr attare delle parti interiori de i Tempij,
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7275 comincia a proportionare le lunghezze, &amp; larghezze loro. nel che &egrave; ripo$ta quella gratio$a ma
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parents:
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7276 niera, che nel primo libro &egrave; ftata nominata Eurithmia. Dell'altezza non &egrave; nece$$ario parlare
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7277 na$cendo ella dalle mi$ure dell'opera: Imperoche gli Architraui, le cornici, &amp; i Fronti$picij per
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parents:
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7278 le co$e dette di $opra ci $ono manife$ti. Vuole adunque Vitr. che la lunghezza $ia doppia alla lar
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parents:
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7279 ghezza: &amp; ragiona qui, de i Tempij Ionici, Dorici, &amp; Corinthij: benche pare, che nelle piante
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parents:
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7280 po$te nel terzo libro le lunghezze $iano meno del doppio alle larghezze, &amp; in fatto &egrave; co$i, per-
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7281 che lo intercolunnio di mezo nelle fronti &egrave; piu largo, ma ci &egrave; poca differenza dalla doppia. Ho-
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7282 ra quello che importa &egrave;, che la cella di quel Tempio di$cgnato nel primo libro pare troppo lunga.
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7283 &amp; for$e la intentione di Vitruuio $i manife$ta in que$to luogo. pero io uorrei, che quiui $i con$i-
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parents:
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7284 dera$$e $e la co$a puo $tare (come io dimo$trer&ograve;) &amp; $e Vitruuio ce lo accenna, &amp; $e anche lo
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parents:
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7285 antico l'o$$erua. Soleuano gli antichi di$tinguere lo Antitempio detto pronao, con alcune ale
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7286 di muro, che $econdo Strabone $i chiamano pteromata. Que$te ale uemuano uer$o le fronti da
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diff changeset
7287 una parte, &amp; dall'altra della cella: ma in al cuni Tempij non perueniuano alle fronti compitamen
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diff changeset
7288 te, ma terminauano in alcuni pila$tri, o ante che $i dica, gro$$e quanto le colonne: &amp; $e tra l'una
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diff changeset
7289 ala di mura, &amp; l'altra era grande $pacio, $i poneuano a quel filo de i pila$tri tra mezo due colon
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diff changeset
7290 ne per fermezza: &amp; co$i era $eparato il pronao dal portico. Co$i $i ritrouano le piante de i tre
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diff changeset
7291 Tempij appre$$o il Theatro di Marcello. Co$i accenna Vitruuio nel pre$ente luogo, &amp; co$ipare,
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diff changeset
7292 che la ragione ce lo dimo$tri. Pigliamo adunque la fronte del Tempio, &amp; $ia di quattro parti,
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diff changeset
7293 otto di quelle faremo la lunghezza, accioche $ia in proportione doppia. di quelle otto cinque $i
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7294 danno alla lunghezza della cella includendo la gro$$ezza del parete doue $ono le porte, tre uen-
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diff changeset
7295 ghino dall'Antitempio alle ante, o pila$tri de i pareti, le quali ante deono e$$er della gro$$ezza
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diff changeset
7296 delle colonne. Questte ante $ono i termini delle ale del muro, che uengono inanzi dall'una parte,
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diff changeset
7297 &amp; dall'altra, &amp; perche puo e$$ere, che tra quelle ale ci $ia, &amp; poco, &amp; molto $pacio, $econdo
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7298 le maniere de i Tempij di $pe$$i, o di larghi intercolunnij, per&ograve; $econdo il bi$ogno e nece$$ario tra
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diff changeset
7299 porui delle colonne. Io dico in $omma, che la maniera di faccia in pila$tri, &amp; di faccia m colonne,
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7300 &amp; la fal$a, &amp; la doppia, &amp; la intorno alata, &amp; la $coperta, tanto Dorica, quanto Ioni-
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7301 ca, &amp; Corinthia $iano tutte o di $trette, o di larghe, o di rila$ciate, o di acconcie di$tanze d'in
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diff changeset
7302 tercolunnij. tutte $i regolano dal pre$ente luogo nel compartimento delle celle: &amp; $i come tutto
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7303 il Tempio non uiene a punto doppio in lunghezza, perche la nece$$it&agrave; del compartimento delle</I>
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7304 <pb n="177">
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7305 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
7306 <foot><I>Z</I></foot>
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diff changeset
7307 <pb n="178">
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diff changeset
7308 <fig>
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7309 <I>colonne, &amp; de i uani, non ce lo la$cia uenire, co$i anche la cella $e bene nella facciata in colo-
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7310 ro &egrave; detta, prostilos, &amp; ambe le teste in colonne detta amphipro$tilos, in ogni genere, &amp; ma-</I>
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diff changeset
7311 <pb n="179">
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diff changeset
7312 <fig>
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diff changeset
7313 <foot><I>Z</I> 2</foot>
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7314 <pb n="180">
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7315 <I>niera puo uenire la detta proportione $econdo i precetti di Vitr. non per&ograve; a punto uiene la predet-
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7316 ta proportione ne gli altri a$petti, &amp; maniere, per che bi$ogna, che i pareti delle fronti della cel-
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parents:
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7317 la $contrino con le colonne di fuori, &amp; $iano ad una i$te$$a fila: per&ograve; le celle di que Tempij $a-
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7318 ranno alquanto maggiori di quello, che dice Vitruuio, il quale in que$to luogo ci comparte le cel
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parents:
diff changeset
7319 le, che $ono parte de i Tempij, &amp; ci comparte il pronao, cio&egrave; l'Antitempio, &amp; il Po$tico, cio&egrave;
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7320 il po$ttempio, in ogni genere, &amp; in ogni maniera. Adunque altro &egrave; cella, altro &egrave; Tempio, al-
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7321 tro &egrave; portico, altro &egrave; pronao. Il tempio &egrave; il tutto: la cella &egrave; la parte rinchiu$a di parete, come
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7322 il portico &egrave; il colonnato, che ua a torno, che Vitr. chiama ale ne i Tempij, &amp; portico drieto le
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7323 $cene. Pronao &egrave; quella parte, che &egrave; dinanzi la cella, che da i lati ha due ale di pareti conti-
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7324 nuati alli pareti della cella, nel fine delle quali $ono i pila$tri della gro$$ezza delle colonne. La
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parents:
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7325 lunghezza del Tempio &egrave; doppia alla larghezza. que$to &egrave; uero a punto nelle fronti di quattro co-
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parents:
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7326 lonne: ma doue ui uanno le ale a torno, non ri$ponde a punto. &amp; Vitr. nel terzo libro parlando
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7327 del fal$o alato, dice, che egli ha nella fronte, &amp; nel po$tico otto colonne, ma dai lati, quin-
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parents:
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7328 dici con le angulari. &amp; poco dapoi dice, che nelle maniere, che hanno l'ale d'intorno le colonne,
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7329 $i deono porre in modo, che quanti uani $aranno nelle fronti, tanti due fiate $iano i uani da i la-
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parents:
diff changeset
7330 ti; &amp; co$i la lunghezza dell'opera $ar&agrave; doppia alla largheza. dalle quali parole molto bene
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parents:
diff changeset
7331 potemo comprendere, che uero $ia quanto s'&egrave; detto. Sia adunque la cella per la quarta parte
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7332 piu lunga di quello, che &egrave; la larghezza, cio&egrave; partirai la larghezza del Tempio in quattro par
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parents:
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7333 ti, &amp; fa la lunghezza della cella d'una parte piu, che $aranno cinque. qui ci auanzano tre
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parents:
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7334 parti, le quali ne i Tetrasttili d'ogni a$petto in ogni genere, &amp; in ognimaniera $i danno al pro-
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7335 nao $olo, quando non ui &egrave; posttico, ouero $i danno al pronao, &amp; al po$tico, quando ui $ono.</I>
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7336 <p>Et anche i tre intercolunnij, che $aranno tra i pila$tri, &amp; le colonne $iano trachiu$i con
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7337 parapetti di marmo, ouero di opera di legname, in modo, per&ograve; che habbiano le apritu-
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parents:
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7338 re, per lequali $i po$$a entrare nel pronao. <I>Anche in que$ta parte Vitruuio $i la$cia
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parents:
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7339 intendere, per&ograve; ueniremo alle de$crittioni delle co$e gi&agrave; dette.</I>
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parents:
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7340 <p><I>Non $olamente po$$ono e$$er tre gli intercolunnij tra que pila$tri, ma anche cinque, come ne
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parents:
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7341 gli a$petti di dieci colonne. Que$ti intercolunnij tra i pila$tri, in tutti gli altri a$petti $ono tre,
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parents:
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7342 percioche non $i mette a conto il portico $emplice, o doppio che $ia. Tra que$ti adunque $i pone-
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7343 uano alcuni parapetti che Vitr. chiama plutei, o di marmo, o di legno, non piu alti di quello,
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parents:
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7344 che $arebbe il poggio, s'egli ci anda$$e. La cella haueua le $ue porte ordinarie, &amp; il $uo parete
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parents:
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7345 alto, che la chiudeua d'intorno: ma lo Antitempio haueua le $ue entrate per gli intercolunnij
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parents:
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7346 tra i pilasttri delle ale.</I>
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parents:
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7347 <p>Ma $e la larghezza della fronte $ar&agrave; maggiore di piedi quaranta, bi$ogna porre altre
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7348 colonne dalla parte di dentro all'incontro di quelle, che $aranno trapo$te tra i pila$tri, &amp;
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7349 $iano di quella altezza, che $ono le e$teriori nella fronte. Ma le gro$$ezze di quelle $iano
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parents:
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7350 a$$ottigliate con que$te ragioni, che $e quelle delle fronti $aranno d'otto parti, que$te $ia-
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7351 no di noue: ma $e quelle di noue, o di dieci, que$te $iano per la rata parte.
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7352 <p><I>Grande autorit&agrave; porgeua lo Antitempio, perche pareua, che con maggiore ueneratione s'en-
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7353 tra$$e nel Tempio, entrando prima in uno andito, &amp; non uenendo co$i presto al luogo dell'ado-
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7354 ratione. Se adunque era lo Antitempio molto largo nella fronte, come nelle opere di otto, &amp; di
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7355 dieci colonne, bi$ognaua traporui delle altre colonne all'incontro di quelle, che erano tra i pila-
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7356 sttri, &amp; quelle ri$pondeuano alle colonne delle fronti, &amp; erano di quella i$te$$a altezza, &amp; $i pone-
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7357 uano per $o$tenimento: ma quando lo $pacio non era molto grande, pareua molto buono la$ciare
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7358 lo Antitempio libero $enza colonne: &amp; doue andauano colonne a torno, egli $i poteua andarea
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7359 torno $enza entrare nello Antitempio. La gro$$ezza delle colonne interiori era minore, che la
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7360 gro$$ezza delle colonne po$te nella fronte. &amp; Vitr. ne rende la ragione, &amp; dice.</I>
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7361 <p>Perche $e nello aere rinchiu$o alcune $aranno a$$otti gliate, non $i potranno di$cerne-
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7362 re, ma $e pareranno piu $ottih, bi$ogna, che $e le colonne di fuori haueranno uentiquat-
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7363 <pb n="181">
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7364 tro canalature, le di dentro ne habbiano uentiotto, ouero trenta due, co$i quello, che $i
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7365 leua dal corpo del $u$to con la aggiunta del numoro delle canalature, $i accre$ca con ra-
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7366 gione, quanto meno $i ueder&agrave;, &amp; co$i con di$pari ragione $ar&agrave; agguagliata la gro$$ezza del-
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diff changeset
7367 le colonne. &amp; que$to adiuiene perche toccando l'occhio piu punti, &amp; piu $pe$si, uiene a
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diff changeset
7368 uagare con maggior circoito della ui$ta. perche $e $aranno due colonne di gro$$ezza egua
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diff changeset
7369 le mi$urate con un filo a torno, &amp; di quelle una non $ia canalata, &amp; l'altra s&igrave;: &amp; quel filo
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parents:
diff changeset
7370 tocchi i caui d'intorno delle canalature, &amp; gli anguli de i piani, benche le colonne $iano
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diff changeset
7371 egualmente gro$$e non $aranno per&ograve; le linee circondate eguali, percioche il circuito de i
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diff changeset
7372 piani, &amp; de i caui far&agrave; maggiore la lunghezza di quel filo. la doue, $e que$to parer&agrave;, come
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diff changeset
7373 hauemo detto, non $ar&agrave; fuori di propo$ito ne i luoghi angu$ti, &amp; nello $pacio rinchiu$o
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diff changeset
7374 ordinare nelle opere piu $ottili compartimenti delle colonne; hauendo noi in rimedio la
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diff changeset
7375 tempra delle canalature.
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diff changeset
7376 <p><I>Hauendo Vitr. dichiarito quanto alte deono e<02>er le colonne dello Antitempio, egli ci mosttra
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diff changeset
7377 la ragione delle loro gro$$ezze, &amp; uuole, che quelle $iano piu $ottili, che le e$teriori. &amp; la ra-
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parents:
diff changeset
7378 gione &egrave; in pronto: perche $i come di $opra nel terzo libro egli uuole, che le colonne angulari $iano
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diff changeset
7379 piu gro$$e, che quelle di mezo, perche l'aere leua della ui$ta di quelle, co$i comanda in que$to
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diff changeset
7380 luogo, che le colonne interiori $iano piu $ottili delle e$teriori, percioche que$te a quelle $i pareg-
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parents:
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7381 gieranno con ragioni, in quello, che l'aere leua dalle e$teriori. n&egrave; $olamente l'a$$ottigliare le co-
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diff changeset
7382 lonne di dentro un'ottauo, ouero un nono $econdo la rata parte fa que$to effetto di pareggiarle,
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parents:
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7383 &amp; farle parere pari alle colonne di fuori, ma anche il numero delle canalature puo far parere
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diff changeset
7384 una colonna pari ad un'altra, $e bene la fu$$e di minore gro$$ezza, percioche quanto piu $ono le
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parents:
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7385 canalature, tanto piu gro$$a pare la colonna. perche l'occhio no$tro ha piu da $paciare allhora,
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parents:
diff changeset
7386 quando $ono piu termini, &amp; maggiori nella co$a ueduta, che quando ne $ono meno, &amp; minori: &amp;
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parents:
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7387 hauendo piu da $paciare la ui$ta, ci appare la co$a maggiore. per&ograve; la colonna, che ha piu canala-
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parents:
diff changeset
7388 ture, ha piu termini, per li quali puo uagare la ui$ta no$tra. ilche $i uede rauolgendo un filo in-
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parents:
diff changeset
7389 torno a due colonne di gro$$ezza eguale, ma una $ia canalata, &amp; l'altra n&ograve;. perche $i con$ume-
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parents:
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7390 r&agrave; piu filo circondando i piani, &amp; i caui della colonna canalata, che circondando quella, che non
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parents:
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7391 hauer&agrave; canali. &amp; co$i col numero delle canalature $i puo rimediare all'apparenza delle colonne,
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parents:
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7392 quando ci pareranno piu $ottili.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
7393 <p>Egli bi$ogna fare la gro$$ezza de i pareti della cella per la rata parte della grandezza, pu
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diff changeset
7394 re, che i pila$tri di quelli $iano eguali alle gro$$ezze delle colonne. &amp; $e $aranno fatti di
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7395 $truttura, $iano impa$tati bene di minuti$simi cementi. ma $e $i hanno a fare di $a$$o qua-
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7396 drato, o di marmo, faccian$i con pari, &amp; molto piccioli quadretti, percioche le pietre di
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7397 mezo, che contengono i cor$i, &amp; rincalci di mezo hanno piu ferma la perfettione dell'o=
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parents:
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7398 pera. &amp; co$i d'intorno i cor$i, &amp; i letti i rilieui faranno nel uedere piu diletteuole apparen-
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parents:
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7399 za di componimento, come di pittura.
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7400 <p><I>I pila$tri, ouero ante, $aranno $empre delle gro$$ezze delle colonne, ma i pareti alquanto mi-
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7401 nori, &amp; $econdo che porta la ragione dell'opera, &amp; il ri$petto del carico. Il muro puo e$$er di mi-
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7402 nuti$$imi cementi, &amp; que$to Vitru. chiama $truttura, $e bene noi altre fiate hauemo detto mura-
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7403 tura: ouero di $a<02>o quadrato d'anguli pari, benche non di lati eguali, grande, &amp; picciolo, ro-
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7404 zo, &amp; polito; ma $i loda per la dilett atione, che i quadri $iano piccioli, perche la moltitudine
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parents:
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7405 delle bugne, &amp; delle prominenze &amp; rilieui, d&agrave; piu diletto, &amp; mo$tra di pittura; dico pittura,
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7406 componimento piu bello.</I>
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7407 <pb n="182">
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7408 <HEAD><I>Di fare i Tempij $econdo le regioni.
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7409 Cap. V.</I></HEAD>
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7410 <p>I Tempij de gli Dei immortali $i deono fare in modo, che guardino uer$o quel
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7411 le parti del cielo, che $i conuiene, che ($e ragione alcuna non impedir&agrave;, o li-
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parents:
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7412 bero $ar&agrave; il potere) il $imulacro, che $ar&agrave; po$to dentro la cella guardi uer$o
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7413 ponente, accioche, quelli, che entraranno allo altare per $acri$icare, &amp; con-
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parents:
diff changeset
7414 $acrare le uittime, $i uolgano uer$o l'Oriente, &amp; uer$o il $imulacro po$to nel Tempio, &amp;
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parents:
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7415 co$i uotando$i riguardino il Tempio, &amp; l'Oriente: &amp; i $imulachri come na$centi parino
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parents:
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7416 riguardare i $upplicanti, &amp; quelli, che fanno $acrificio: percioche pare, che egli $ia ne-
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7417 ce$$ario, che tutti gll altari de i Dei $iano uolti all'Oriente. Ma $e la natura del luogo ci
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7418 $ar&agrave; d'impedimento, allhora $i deono uoltare le fabriche de i Tempij in modo, che da quel
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7419 li $i po$$a uedere la maggior parte della citt&agrave;. &amp; anche $e lungo i Fiumi $i faranno i Tem-
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parents:
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7420 pij, come nello Egitto $opra il Nilo, pare che le fabriche debbiano guardare uer$o le riue
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parents:
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7421 de i fiumi. $imigliantemente $e $i faranno longo le uie publiche, deon$i porre in modo, che
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7422 i pa$$aggieri po$sino riguardare, &amp; fare le loro $alutationi, &amp; riuerenze dinanzi il con$pet-
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parents:
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7423 to della fabrica.
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parents:
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7424 <p><I>Tratta del Decoro, che $i o$$erua per i$tanza, del quale $e ne &egrave; ragionato nel primo libro. ha-
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7425 uendo trattato dell'ordine, del compartimento, della di$po$itione, della uenu$t&agrave;, &amp; della di$tribu-
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parents:
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7426 tione, che $i richiede. Guardino adunque le fronti de i Tempij uer$o ponente, perche gli altari,
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parents:
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7427 &amp; i $imulacri come na$centi Soli pareranno illuminare le menti de gli $upplicanti. Hora $e quel-
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parents:
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7428 li, che ador auano i muti $imulacri, &amp; i Dei $olo di nome, che haueuano lingua, &amp; non par laua-
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parents:
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7429 no, occhi, &amp; non uedeuano, orecchie, &amp; non udiuano, &amp; che erano opere fatte di mano de gli
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7430 huomini, portati da un fal$o errore, erano tanto ri$petto$i nelle loro cerimonie, &amp; tanto diuoti;
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7431 che douemo far noi liberati da i maligni $piriti, che adoramo Dio uero, &amp; honoramo i $anti ami-
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7432 ci $uoi Deiformi, non doue mo noi per l'abondanza del core, fare ogni dimo$ti atione e$teriore, ac-
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7433 cioche ognuno $i $uegli, o s'infiammi piu al uero, &amp; mental culto diuino?</I>
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7434 <HEAD><I>Delle ragioni delle porte. &amp; delle impo$i e de i Tem-
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7435 py. Cap. V l.</I></HEAD>
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7436 <p>Qve$te $ono le ragioni delle porte, &amp; delle loro impo$te, &amp; ornamenti, che $i
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parents:
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7437 fanno dinanzi, a quelle. Prima &egrave; nece$$ario $apere di che maniera $i hanno a
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7438 fare. Le maniere $ono tre. Dorica, Ionica, Attica. I compartimenti di
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7439 que$te, nella maniera Dorica $i truouano con que$te ragioni, che la Corni=
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7440 ce $omma, che &egrave; $opra l'impo$ta $uperiore, $ia ad egual liuello con la $ommit&agrave; de i capi-
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parents:
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7441 telli delle colonne, che $ono nello Antitempio. Il lume del portarle deue e$$ere in mo-
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parents:
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7442 do, che diui$a l'altezza del Tempio, che &egrave; tral pauimento, &amp; i lacunari in tre parti, &amp; me-
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parents:
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7443 za, due di quelle $i diano all'altezza del lume delle porte. Que$ta altezza $ia partita in
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7444 dodici parti, &amp; di quelle $e ne diano cinque &amp; meza per la larghezza del lume da ba$$o. ma
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diff changeset
7445 di $opra $ia ri$tretto in modo, che $e il lume da ba$$o &egrave; di piedi $edici, $ia ri$tretto un ter-
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diff changeset
7446 zo della impo$ta, o erta che $i chiame: $e di $edici a uenticinque, $ia la parte del lume ri-
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diff changeset
7447 $tretta per un quarto della impo$ta. $e da uenticinque a trenta, per la ottaua parte: ma nel
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7448 re$to quanto &egrave; l'altezza maggiore, tanto piu dritte, &amp; a perpendicolo pare, che $i dcbbia-
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7449 no porre le impo$te. lequali $i faranno gro$$e nella fronte per la duodecima parte del lu-
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diff changeset
7450 <pb n="183">
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diff changeset
7451 me, &amp; $iano ra$tremate di $opra per la decima quarta parte della loro gro$$ezza. l'altezza
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diff changeset
7452 del $opraciglio $ia quanto la gro$$ezza di $opra delle erte. La cima$a $i deue fare per la $e
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parents:
diff changeset
7453 $ta parte dell'erta; &amp; lo $porto $uo quanto &egrave; la $ua gro$$ezza. Deue$i $colpire la cima$a Le$
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parents:
diff changeset
7454 bia, col $uo tondino. Sopra la Cima$a, che $ar&agrave; nel $opraciglio, $i deue porre il $opra-
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parents:
diff changeset
7455 frontale della gro$$ezza del $opraciglio, &amp; in quello $colpirui la cima$a Dorica, &amp; il Ton-
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parents:
diff changeset
7456 dino Lesbio di ba$$o rilieuo. &amp; dopo que$to $i faccia la cornice piana con la $ua cima$a,
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parents:
diff changeset
7457 &amp; lo $porto $uo $ia quanto l'altczza del $opraciglio, che s'impone $opra l'erte. Ma dalla
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parents:
diff changeset
7458 de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra $i deono fare gli $porti, $i che le margini uenghino in fuori, &amp; nel-
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parents:
diff changeset
7459 la cima le cima$e $iano congiunte.
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parents:
diff changeset
7460 <p><I>Prima, che $i uegni ad altro, egli mi pare nece$$ario dichiarare alcuni uocaboli o$curi, che $o
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parents:
diff changeset
7461 no po$ti da Vitr. &amp; $ono que$ti. Antepagmentum, Thyromata, Atticurges, Hypothiron, La-
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parents:
diff changeset
7462 cunare, Supercilium, Cymatium Lesbium, Cymatium Doricum, A$tragalus Lesbius, Sima,
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parents:
diff changeset
7463 Sculptura, Crepidines, In ungue. Antepagmentum adunque da noi &egrave; detto l'erta, &amp; lo $tan
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parents:
diff changeset
7464 te delle porte, cio&egrave; quelle pietre, che $tanno dritte da una banda, &amp; dall'altra delle porte. ma io
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parents:
diff changeset
7465 non dubito, che non $i dica antepagmentum quello, che $ta per trauer$o, perche Vitr. dice, che
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parents:
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7466 la cornice, che $ta $opra l'antcpagmento di $opra. &amp; io ho interpretato impostta. &amp; $i potrebbe
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parents:
diff changeset
7467 dire, che antepagmento $ia tutta la ca$$a, o il telaro (per modo di dire) della porta, &amp; tutta la
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parents:
diff changeset
7468 compo$itione delle erte, con il $opralimitare. Thyromata $ignifica le porte, ouero li portali.
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parents:
diff changeset
7469 Atticurges &egrave; parola u$ata da Vitr. &amp; pare, che intenda il Corinthio, per quanto $i uede nel fine
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parents:
diff changeset
7470 del pre$ente Capo. &amp; fa differenza tra lo Attico, &amp; il Dorico, perche dice, che le porte $ono
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parents:
diff changeset
7471 di tre maniere, Dorica, Ionica, &amp; Attica. Et di $opra nel terzo libro egli ha fatto mentione
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
7472 della ba$a Attica. La quale dapoi Vitr. &egrave; sttata pre$a per la Dorica; con che ragione io non lo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
7473 $o. Ben dice Plinio, che $ono quattro maniere di colonne, &amp; numera tra quelle l'Attica, che &egrave;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
7474 quadrangulare, &amp; ha quattro lati eguali, di modo, che que$ta maniera pare $eparata dalle altre.
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parents:
diff changeset
7475 Ma puo e$$ere, che la Corinthia, che non ha niente di proprio $enon il capitello, $i $erua di que$ta
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parents:
diff changeset
7476 maniera, come $i $erue anche della Dorica, &amp; della Ionica. Quello, che &egrave; lacunar, io l'ho
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parents:
diff changeset
7477 e$po$to di $opra. Lacus &egrave; lo $patio tra l'uno traue, &amp; l'altro, Lacunare &egrave; la trauatura, cio&egrave; gli
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
7478 $patij, con le traui in$ieme. Supercilium, $opralimitare &egrave; detto da Dante, il quale dice. $opra'l
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parents:
diff changeset
7479 limitar dell'alta porta. &amp; &egrave; quella pietra trauer$a, che &egrave; $opra l'erte della porta, che for$e &egrave;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
7480 quella, che &egrave; fatta per le in$crittioni. Cymatium. Io ho detto nel terzo libro, che Cymatium
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parents:
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7481 &egrave; nome Greco, &amp; uuole dire onda piccola: hoggi d&igrave; $i chiama Cima$a, altri la dicono gola. &amp;
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parents:
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7482 quella, che &egrave; Dorica, &egrave; chiara nelle opere Doriche. Ma quello, che $ra la cima$a Lesbia, non $o
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parents:
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7483 no anchora bene ri$oluto. il Filandro uuole, che $ia una gola lauorata, (benche ne parla per
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parents:
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7484 conietture) &amp; che non $ia differente dalla Dorica, $enon per li lauori: ma a me pare, che non il
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parents:
diff changeset
7485 lauoro, ma la forma &egrave; quella, che deue fare differente la gola o cima$a Lesbia dalla Dorica. &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
7486 for$e &egrave; quella, che &egrave; tra la gola dritta, &amp; la gola riuer$cia. A$tragalus Lesbius, &egrave; come uno me
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parents:
diff changeset
7487 zo tondino, ouero ouoletto, $i come pone il Filandro, lauorato di baf$o rilieuo, che Vitr. dice $i-
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parents:
diff changeset
7488 ma $calptura, perche uolgarmente $i dice $imo il na$o delle capre. Crepidines $ono le margini, &amp;
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parents:
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7489 gli adornamenti, che uanno intorno le porte, cio&egrave; i membrelli, che atrauer$o, &amp; per dritto cor
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parents:
diff changeset
7490 reno d'intorno le erte. que$ti deono $u gli anguli, &amp; nel uoltare congiugner$i in$ieme. In ungue
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parents:
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7491 dice Vitr. che altrimenti $i dice ad unguem, con diligenza, e$attamente, &amp; che $contrino bene.
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parents:
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7492 H ypothyron &egrave; lo $patio, &amp; il uano chiamato lumen. Hora e$poneremo quanto dice Vitr. &amp; con
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parents:
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7493 lo di$egno $i dimo$tra minutamente ogni parte. Dice Vitr. che prima &egrave; nece$$ario $apere, di che
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parents:
diff changeset
7494 maniera $ia la porta. Et dice, che $ono tre maniere di porte. Dorica: Ionica: Attica. Truo-
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parents:
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7495 ua poi le mi$ure della Dorica, &amp; dice prima quanto richiede al lume, a i $uoi termini, &amp; all'ulti-
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parents:
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7496 mo $patio della cornice, &amp; di $opra; &amp; que$to fa con molta chiarezza. Dapoi comparte lo $pa-
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parents:
diff changeset
7497 tio, che &egrave; $opra'l lume, &amp; la cornice di $opra &amp; dice; che il $opraciglio o $opralimitare, &egrave; della
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parents:
diff changeset
7498 gr o$$ezza delle erte di $opra, &amp; $i piglia poi la $e$ta parte della gro$$ezza dell'erta, &amp; $i fa una</I>
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parents:
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7499 <pb n="184">
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7500 <I>cima$a, il cui $porto &egrave; tanto, quanto la $ua gro$$ezza: &amp; $i deue $colpirui la cima$a Lesbia, col
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parents:
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7501 $uo a$tragalo, o tondino. &amp; quiui $i deue auuertire, che que$ta cima$a ua a torno le erte, perche
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parents:
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7502 della cima$a del $opraciglio Vitr. ne parla $ubito, &amp; dicendo, che $opra quella cima$a, che &egrave; nel
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7503 $opraciglio ua lo hiperthiro, egli dimo$tra, che quiui s'intende d'un'altra cima$a. $imilmente di-
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parents:
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7504 cendo, che $opra quella cima$a, che &egrave; nel $opraciglio, egli dimo$tra, che nella gro$$ezza o altez-
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parents:
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7505 za del $opraciglio egli s'include la cima$a, &amp; non &egrave; po$ta $opra il $opraciglio. Similmente $opra
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7506 la cima$a, che &egrave; nel $opraciglio ua lo hiperthiro, o $opraporta, o fregio, che $i dica. &amp; que$to
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7507 &egrave; della gro$$ezza del $opraciglio, &amp; in e$$o anche s'include la cima$a Dorica, &amp; il tondino, o
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7508 a$tragalo Lesbio di ba$$o rilieuo. perche questti membri non deono hauere molto $porto. Sopra
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parents:
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7509 l'hiperthiro, o fregio ua la corona piana con la $ua gola, ch'incontre con la gola dell'abaco dei
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parents:
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7510 capitelli. Ma quello, che dice Vitr. che $i deono fare dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $iai$tra gli $portiin
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7511 modo, che le margini uenghino in fuori, &amp; $u'l taglio di e$$e, che Vitr. dice in ungue, $i congiu-
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7512 gneno in$ieme, egli $i deue intendere, che le cima$e, che $ono nel hiperthiro $portino in fuori, &amp;
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7513 $i uni$cano in$ieme le cima$e, che uoltano non a torno, (come dice il Filandro) ma dalla de$tra,
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7514 &amp; dalla $ini$tra uer$o il parete da i lati, accioche quella parte dello $porto dello hiporthiro nonre
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7515 stti dalle bande $enza ornamento. La corona benche $ia alta, per&ograve; stta come dice Vitr. &amp; $e ne
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7516 troua e$empio. Lo e$empio &egrave; la de$crittione della porta Dorica &egrave; qui $otto con il $uo profilo accio
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7517 che s'intenda meglio.</I>
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7518 <HEAD>Incontro della porta Dorica.</HEAD>
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7519 <p><I>A. B. L'altezza del pauimento a i lacunari.</I>
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diff changeset
7520 <p><I>C. D. L'altezza del lume.</I>
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7521 <p><I>C. E. La larghezza di $otto del lume.</I>
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7522 <p><I>D. F. La larghezza del lume di $opra.</I>
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7523 <p><I>C. G. La gro$$ezza dell'Erta da piedi.</I>
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7524 <p><I>D. H. La gro$$ezza dell'erta di $opra.</I>
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7525 <p><I>I. Il $opraciglio.</I>
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7526 <p><I>K. La cima$a &amp; tondino, che ua a torno le erte, dette antepagmenta.</I>
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7527 <p><I>N. Lo hiperthiro, o fregio.</I>
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7528 <p><I>O. La cima$a del tondino, o hiperthiro.</I>
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7529 <p><I>P. La cornice piana con la $ua gola, alta al pari della gola dell'abaco del capitello.</I>
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7530 <p><I>M. Antepagmentum. cio&egrave; l'erta.</I>
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7531 <p><I>Q. R. Altezza dell'erta.</I>
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7532 <p><I>S. Timpano.</I>
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7533 <p><I>T. Impagines.</I>
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7534 <p><I>V. Scapi cardinales.</I>
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7535 <p><I>X. Impagines.</I>
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7536 <p><I>Y. Cymatia, gole.</I>
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7537 <p><I>Z. Cymatia, gole.</I>
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7538 <p><I>Il profilo &egrave; po$to nelle $eguenti carte con i profili delle altre porte.</I>
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7539 <pb n="185">
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7540 <fig>
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diff changeset
7541 <foot><I>AA</I></foot>
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7542 <pb n="186">
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7543 <p>Ma $e le porte $i faranno alla Ionica, $ia il lume alto come nella maniera Dorica; ma
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7544 non co$i la larghezza; ma $ia diui$a l'altezza in parti due, &amp; meza, &amp; di quelle una, &amp; meza $i
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7545 dar&agrave; al lume da ba$$o. la larghezza della contrattione come nelle Doriche. La gro$$ezza
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7546 delle erte per l'altezza del lume nella $ronte la quarta decima parte, la cima$a di que$ta per
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7547 la $e$ta parte della gro$$ezza. il re$tante oltra la cima$a $ia diui$o in dodici parti: di tre
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7548 dellequali $i fa la prima cor$a, conlo $uo Altragalo, o fu$aiuolo. La $econda di quattro;
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7549 la terza di cinque. &amp; que$te cor$e con i loro a$tragali uadino intorno. ll $opra frontale o
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7550 hiperthiro deue e$$er compo$to al modo Dorico. Le men$ole,o cartelle dette prothiri-
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7551 des, $colpite dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra pendino lontane a liuello del da ba$$o del $opra-
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7552 ciglio oltra la foglia. Que$ti habbiano nella fronte una delle tre parti dell'erte, &amp; $iano dal
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7553 ba$$o la quarta parte piu $ottili che di $opra.
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7554 <p><I>Ragiona Vitru. in que$to luogo del compartimento della porta Ionica, &amp; $i la$cia intendere.
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7555 Cor$a &egrave; la faccia delle erte o antepagmenti. La prima &egrave; la piu uicina al lume. Ancones $ono
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7556 certe me$ole dalle bande delle porte a $imiglianza della lettera. S. che con i loro capi ne i ritorti
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7557 delle uolute s'intricano, &amp; $ono dette Prothirides in Greco, qua$i antiportali. altri le chiamano
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7558 cartelle. pendeno dal di $otto della cornice lungo le erte a perpendicolo dal ba$$o del $opraciglio,
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7559 oltra la foglia, come $i uede nella figura. ne $i deue credere, che la porta Ionica habbia la Cor-
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7560 nice come la Dorica a pari de i capitelli, perche Vitru.non lo dice. ben dice il Filandro, che'l lu-
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7561 me douerebbe e$$ere una parte delle due, &amp; meza dell'altezza, &amp; non una &amp; meza, come dice
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7562 Vitru.per i$chiuare un difetto, che'l lume da ba$$o $ia piu largo del uano di mezo tra le colon-
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7563 le, ilche fa brutto uedere, &amp; &egrave; difetto$o. ma io trouo, che Vitr. la intende a que$to modo: &amp; $e
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7564 egli $i face$$e il lume d'una $ola parte, $i uederebbe la porta molto $tretta di lume, &amp; anche $pro
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7565 portionata. &amp; Vitr. dir&agrave; di $otto poco dapoi, $e le porte $ono ualuate $e le aggiugne la larghez-
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7566 za. &amp; intende delle Ioniche, &amp; quando dice nel terzo libro, che la $pe$$ezza delle colonne o$cu-
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7567 ra l'a$petto delle porte, egliragiona di quella maniera, che &egrave; di $pe$$e colonne, nella quale ui &egrave; que
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7568 $to dif<*>tto. &amp; qui poco $i a$conde delle porte, cio&egrave; di quell'opera di legname, che $i chiude: &amp; s'a-
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7569 pre, &amp; in quelluogo anche egli u$a que$ta parola, Valu&oelig;, &amp; non ragiona delle erte, &amp; ante, &amp;
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7570 de iloro ornamenti.</I>
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7571 <p>Le porte $ono da e$$er po$te in$ieme a que$to modo, che i fu$ti de i cardini $iano lunghi
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7572 la duodecima parte dell'altezza del lume, i Timpani &amp; quadri delle porte, che $ono tra i
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7573 fu$ti di dodici parti ne ritenghino tre. Le di$tributioni de gli orli, che impagines $ono
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7574 detti, co$i $i hanno a fare, che partite le altezze in cinque parti due $i diano a quelli di $o-
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7575 pra, &amp; tre a quelli di $otto. ma $opra'l mezo $iano po$ti mezi orli, &amp; de gli altri alcuni riguar
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7576 dino il di $opra, altri il di $otto. La larghezza dell'orlo $ia per la terza parte del quadro. la
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7577 cima$a per la $e$ta parte dell'orlo. le larghezze de i fu$ti, per la met&agrave; de gli orli. &amp; co$i la
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7578 cornice che ripiglia l'orlo, detta replum, $ar&agrave; per la met&agrave;, &amp; per la $e$ta parte dell'orlo. I fu-
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7579 $ti, che $ono dinanzi la $econda impo$ta $iano per la me &agrave; dell'orlo.
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7580 <p><I>Detto ha Vitru. della porta Dorica, &amp; della Ionica quello, che apparteneua alle parti da i lati
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7581 di $opra, &amp; di $otto, nella fattura de pietre, &amp; di marmi: hora tratta dell'opera, che ua di le-
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7582 gname, o di metallo: che anche di metallo ne faceuano gli antichi. Noi dichiareremo alcuni
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7583 uocabuli, per fare la intelligenza piu piana. Ianua non &egrave; altro, che il primo adito, &amp; la pri-
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7584 ma entrata del Tempio, detta da Iano, a cui era con$acrato ogni com nciamento. Ho$tia in gene-
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7585 rale $i chiamano le porte aprendo$i, come $i uoglia, o uer$o la parte e$teriore, o uer$o la parte di
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7586 dentro, o rauolgendo$i, &amp; ripiegando$i, Greci chiamano Thyras. La onde il uano $i chia-
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7587 ma hypothyron. i lati delle porte $i dicono Ant&oelig;, o para$tad&oelig;, &amp; dalle Ante gli adornamen-
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7588 ti delle porte $ono detti antepagmenta, noi chiamamo le ante, erte, $tanti, pila$tri, &amp; piane.
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7589 Fanno differenza alcuni tra que$ti nomi Ianua, &amp; porta, perche uogliono, che porta $ia pro-
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7590 priamente quella della citt&agrave;, &amp; delle fortezze, ma Ianua d'altri edificij. confondeno poi i nomi,</I>
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7591 <pb n="187">
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7592 <I>&amp; banno per lo i$te$$o Ianua, &amp; ho$tium. Po$ticum, &egrave; detto da Greci p$eudodethiron, qua$i fal-
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7593 $aporta, &amp; &egrave; la porta di dietro, come Anticum, quella dinanzi. Fores $ono le porte di legna-
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7594 me, o di metallo, quelle che apreno, &amp; $erra<*>o; gli ornamenti delle quali $i fanno in que$to modo.
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7595 i fu$ti che entrano ne i cancani detti da Vitru. Scapi Cardinales, prendeno le loro mi$ure dal-
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7596 l'altezza del lume, perche prima $i diuide l'altezza del lume in dodici parti, poi facemo i detti
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7597 fu$ti lunghi per la duodecima parte: come $e il lume fu$$e alto dodici piedi, egli$i darebbe un pic-
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7598 de alli fu$ti, cioe mezo a quello di $opra, &amp; mezo a quello di $ctto. Que$ti fu$ti con i capi, o te$te
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7599 loro entrano come ma$coli nelle femine, ne i cardmi loro, cio&egrave; cancani, uno de quali &egrave; nel limi-
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diff changeset
7600 tar di $opra, l'altro, nel limitar di $otto, doue nella figura $ono le lettere Q. &amp; R. V$aua<*>$i
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diff changeset
7601 anticamente que$ti modi per tenere le porte $o$pe$e, accioche i fu$ti $i riuolge$$ero in quelli can-
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diff changeset
7602 cani con gran de facilit&agrave; all' aprire, &amp; $errare: poco carico a gli edificij, &amp; piu sbrigata ma-
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7603 niera era l'antica di quella, che hoggi d&igrave; u$amo. Tutto il legno piano della porta, che era trai
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7604 fu$ti, $i compartiua in quadri, che latinamente Timpani $ono detti. questi erano circondati da
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diff changeset
7605 certe li$te, regole, &amp; gole, come cornici, delle quali Vitru. ci rende conto, dicendo, che i qua-
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diff changeset
7606 dri deono hauere tre parti di dodici dell' altezza del uano. come il quadro. S. &amp; le regole deo-
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diff changeset
7607 no e$$ere compartite in que$to modo, che diui$a l'altezza del lume in cinque parti, due $e ne dia-
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diff changeset
7608 no a gli orli, &amp; impagini di $opra, come &egrave; da T. ad V. tre alle impagini di $otto come da T.
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diff changeset
7609 ad X. ma $oprail mezo, cio&egrave; tra i quadri, o Timpani, nella diui$ione d'un quadro, &amp; l'altro
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diff changeset
7610 $iano po$te meze regole, &amp; nelle altre parti re$tanti $iano affi<02>e alcune regole o li$te di $opra,
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diff changeset
7611 alcune di $otto. la larghezza dell' impagine $ia per la terza parte del quadro, come &egrave; da <G>*u</G>. a
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diff changeset
7612 Z, la gola o cima$a per la $e$ta parte dell' impagine. &amp; la cornice, ouero l'orname nto della li$ta,
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diff changeset
7613 $ia di $ei parti &amp; meza della li$ta, &cdot;io&egrave; della met&agrave; &amp; d'un $e$to. Qui &egrave; molto da con$iderare
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diff changeset
7614 quello, che dice Vitru. perche molti s'hanno affaticato, &amp; poi hanno detto a modo loro. io non
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diff changeset
7615 affermo d'hauer trouato la uerita, n&egrave; per&ograve; niego d'e$$er lontano dalla ragione. per&ograve; dico, che chi
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diff changeset
7616 uuole formare una porta al modo di Vitru, (per quanto io $timo) bi$ogna con$iderare, che alcu-
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diff changeset
7617 ne porte erano piu adorne, alcune meno, per&ograve; le meno adorne, &amp; piu $chiette $i dauano alla
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diff changeset
7618 maniera Dorica. Le piu adorne alle altre maniere. Per gli adornamenti delle porte $ono la$ciati
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diff changeset
7619 alcuni $pacij piani, &amp; quelli circondati $ono d'alcuni rilieui attaccati, o affi$$i a detti piani,
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diff changeset
7620 &amp; intagliati di gole, li$telli, &amp; cornicette, &amp; altri adornamenti. Oltra di que$to i comparti-
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diff changeset
7621 menti diuer$i di detti piani, &amp; di dette liste, &amp; il fare le porte intiere, o di piu pezzi apporta
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diff changeset
7622 minor, o maggior grandezza, &amp; ornamento: per&ograve; con$iderando, quanto $i conuiene alla manie-
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diff changeset
7623 ra Dorica, io direi, che la prima compo$itione delle porte po$ta da Vitru. conuiene alla manie-
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diff changeset
7624 ra Dorica, &amp; le altre compo$itioni alle altre maniere. ilche con ragione potemo giudicare, per-
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diff changeset
7625 che la prima compo$itione &egrave; piu $oda, l'altre $ono piu ornate. Dapoi perche $i uede, che'l primo
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diff changeset
7626 compartimento conuiene mirabllmente alla Dorica, &amp; gli altri alle altre maniere. Ecco detto
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parents:
diff changeset
7627 ha Vitruuio di $opra, che la porta Dorica &egrave; larga al ba$$o per cinque parti &amp; meza delle dodi-
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parents:
diff changeset
7628 ci dell' altezza del lume, tutto questo uano, o lume nel chiuder la porta deue e$$ere occupato
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parents:
diff changeset
7629 dal legno, o dal metallo, che ua nella porta d'uno pezzo: perche la larghezza della porta lo
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parents:
diff changeset
7630 $opporta. Que$to legno, che empie il uano &egrave; adornato $emplicemente, &amp; ha due quadri uno di
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diff changeset
7631 $opra, &amp; l'altro di $otto, che $i chiamano (come ho detto) timpani. que$ti $ono circondati da
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diff changeset
7632 li$te, &amp; regole, &amp; orli, &amp; nella di$tributione de gli orli, che impagini egli chiama, egli u$a il
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parents:
diff changeset
7633 compartimento $opra detto, &amp; po$to nella figura della porta Dorica: ma la doue egli dice.</I>
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diff changeset
7634 {<I>i fu$ti, che $ono dinanzi alla $econda impo$ta,</I>} <I>egli $i deue intendere a que$to modo, che il
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diff changeset
7635 $econdo pagmento, o impo$ta $ia un telaro dalla parte di dentro della porta, che uadi a torno, a
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7636 torno, &amp; i$contri con gli $pacij, che $ono tra i timpani. Replum &egrave; come un fregio, o piano tra una
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diff changeset
7637 cima$a, &amp; l'altra, come dimo$tra la figura.</I>
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diff changeset
7638 <p>Ma $e le porte $aranno in $e ripiegate, &amp; ualuate, come dicono, le loro altezze $aranno
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diff changeset
7639 <*>ome le $opra dette, ma nella larghezza $i aggiugner&agrave; di piu tanto, <*> nto &egrave; la larghezza
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7640 <foot><I>AA</I> 2</foot>
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diff changeset
7641 <pb n="188">
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7642 della porta di due fori: ma $e $aranno di quattro fori, $e le aggiugner&agrave; anche l'altem.
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diff changeset
7643 <p><I>Que$te $ono le porte Ioniche, cio&egrave; quelle porte, che $i apreno in piu pezzi, peroche $e in due
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diff changeset
7644 parti s'apreno amphifores $e chiamano, $e in quattro quadrifores. &amp; perche la porta Ionica, &egrave; pin
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7645 larga, che la Dorica, $e bene &egrave; tanto alta, quanto la Dorica, per&ograve; dice Vitruuio, che nella lar-
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7646 ghezza $i aggiugner&agrave; di piu tanto quanto &egrave; la largezza di due pezzi: &amp; perche le porte Atti-
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7647 che erano di quattro pezzi, &amp; con$eguentemente piu larghe, $e le aggiugner&agrave; anche l'altezza,
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diff changeset
7648 le impagini, &amp; le altre co$e $eruando la proportione $i faranno allo i$te$$o modo, cio&egrave; come le
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diff changeset
7649 Doriche.</I> Le porte fatte al modo Attico $i faranno con quelle ragioni, che $i fan no
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7650 le Doriche. Oltra di que$to le cor$e, o fa$cie $otto le golette, uanno a torno le erte, le
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7651 quali $i deono compartire in que$to modo, che nelle erte, &amp; antepagmenti oltra la ci-
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7652 ma$a di $ette parti ne habbian due. <I>Ecco qui la mi$ura delle porte, cio&egrave; di quelle parti, che
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7653 $tanno ferme, &amp; $ono nel parete, &amp; &egrave; la terza maniera di porte. $eguitano gli ornamenti &amp; dice.</I>
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7654 <p>Et gli ornamenti di quelle porte non $i fanno a gelo$ie, n&egrave; di due pezzi, ma ualuate &amp;
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7655 hanno le apriture nelle parti e$teriori.
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7656 <p><I>Io ho l'autorit&agrave; di due te$ti, che dicono non cero$tata, ma clatrata. clatra &egrave; lauoro fatte a
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7657 gelo$ia, &amp; $i trouano porte fatte a que$to modo, che $i pu&ograve; per quelle uedere nella parte inte-
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7658 riore, $ono come ferrate: ma non mi piace que$ta lettione, perche $e Vitr. dice$$e che le porte
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7659 Attiche non $i fanno a gelo$ie, parerebbe, che le altre porte $i face$$ero a gelo$ie, ma non $i
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7660 uede per li $uoi compartimenti, che $i face$$ero a gelo$ie. &amp; $e il te$to dice, non cerostrata,
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7661 $imilmente egli non ha detto, che le altre porte $i fanno lauorate di Tar$ia, che co$i intenderei
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7662 quella parola cero$trata, intar$iati di corno di uarij colori, come hyalostrato il Mu$aico di ue-
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7663 tri, litho$troton, il Mu$aico di pietruzze, Xilo$troton, la tar$ia di legni. ma for$e $arebbe man
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7664 co male intendere, che le altre porte gi&agrave; dette haue$$ero i loro ornamenti lauorati di Tar$ia, che
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7665 dimo$tra$$ero i Timpani, le regole, e le cima$e, &amp; gli al tri ornamenti, ma io la$cio libero
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7666 ognuno in que$to pa$$o.</I>
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7667 <p>Io ho e$po$to, quanto ho potuto, come, &amp; con quali ragioni $i hanno a fare i Tempij,
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7668 nelle maniere Doriche, Ioniche, &amp; Corinthie: &amp; come da legitime u$anze $ono $tate ca-
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7669 uate. Hora dir&ograve; delle di$po$itioni To$cane, come $i deueno ordinare.
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7670 <p><I>Raccoglie quanto s'&egrave; detto fin hora. &amp; qui $otto noi poneremo le figure delle due altre manie-
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7671 re di porte, &amp; i profili de gli ornamenti di tutte tre le maniere, con i loro rincontri di lettere:
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7672 accioche s'intenda meglio, quello che hauemo cono$ciuto della intentione di Vitr.</I>
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7673 <TABLE>
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7674 <ROW><COL><I>b. corona, o cornice.</I></COL><COL><I>D. corona.</I></COL></ROW>
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7675 <ROW><COL><I>f. ancones, cartelle.</I></COL><COL><I>G. hiperthiro.</I></COL></ROW>
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7676 <ROW><COL><I>d. hyperthiro, $opralimitare.</I></COL><COL><I>H. cima$a.</I></COL></ROW>
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7677 <ROW><COL><I>c. foglio.</I></COL><COL><I>I. prima cor$a.</I></COL></ROW>
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7678 <ROW><COL><I>e. Cima$e, gole delle erte.</I></COL><COL><I>K. $econda cor$a.</I></COL></ROW>
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7679 <ROW><COL><I>I.E. $capo, fu$to.</I></COL><COL><I>L. Terza cor$a.</I></COL></ROW>
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7680 <ROW><COL><I>g. cimatiun, cima$a.</I></COL><COL><I>M. timpana.</I></COL></ROW>
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7681 <ROW><COL><I>h. replum.</I></COL><COL><I>N. impagines.</I></COL></ROW>
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7682 <ROW><COL></COL><COL><I>O. $capi, cio&egrave; fu$ti.</I></COL></ROW>
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diff changeset
7683 <ROW><COL></COL><COL><I>C. Hyperthiro a $opra limitare.</I></COL></ROW>
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7684 <ROW><COL></COL><COL><I>A. E L'altezza dal pauimento alla tra ua-</I></COL></ROW>
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7685 <ROW><COL></COL><COL><I>tura</I></COL></ROW>
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7686 </TABLE>
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7687 <pb n="189">
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7688 <fig>
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7689 <pb n="190">
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7690 <fig>
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7691 <pb n="191">
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7692 <fig>
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7693 <pb n="192">
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7694 <TABLE>
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diff changeset
7695 <ROW><COL><I>A. corona.</I></COL><COL><I>Ci $ono meze colonne quadre drieto le quali.</I></COL></ROW>
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diff changeset
7696 <ROW><COL><I>O. Cymatium, Lesbium.</I></COL><COL><I>ua attacata la porta.</I></COL></ROW>
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parents:
diff changeset
7697 <ROW><COL><I>P. Cymatium Doricum.</I></COL><COL></COL></ROW>
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7698 <ROW><COL><I>Q. Hyperthiro, ouero fregio.</I></COL><COL><I>X X. $capo, o fu$to.</I></COL></ROW>
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diff changeset
7699 <ROW><COL><I>R. Cima$a delle pila$trate, ouero ante,</I></COL><COL><I>T cima$&aring;.</I></COL></ROW>
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diff changeset
7700 <ROW><COL><I>ouero intauolato.</I></COL><COL><I>Z. replum o fregio tra le due cima$e.</I></COL></ROW>
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7701 <ROW><COL><I>S. A$tragali, o fu$aiuoli.</I></COL><COL><I>I Timpano.</I></COL></ROW>
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7702 <ROW><COL><I>T. prima fa$cia.</I></COL><COL><I>K K. Impages.</I></COL></ROW>
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7703 <ROW><COL><I>S. Seconda fa$cia.</I></COL><COL></COL></ROW>
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7704 <ROW><COL><I>V. Torza fa$cia.</I></COL><COL></COL></ROW>
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7705 </TABLE>
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7706 <HEAD><I>Delle r agioni To$cane de i $acri Tempi.</I></HEAD>
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7707 <HEAD><I>Cap. VII.</I></HEAD>
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7708 <p>IL luogo, nel quale $i deue fabricare il Tempio, quando hauer&agrave; $ei parti di
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7709 lunghezza, leuandone una, $i dia il re$tante alla larghezza: Ma la lunghezza $ia
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7710 partita in due parti, &amp; la parte di dentro $ia di$egnata per gli $patij delle cel-
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7711 le: ma la uicina alla fronte $ia la$ciata per porui ordinatamente le colonne. Si
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7712 milmente diuiderai la larghezza in parti dieci. di que$te ne darai tre allo $patio delle celle
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7713 minori, che $ono dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra, ouero le la$cicrai doue deono e$$er le ali. le
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7714 altre quattro $i diano al mezo del tempio. Lo $patio dinanzi le celle nello antitempio co$i
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7715 $ia di$egnato per le colonne, che quelle delle cantonate $iano a dirimpetto de i pila$tri
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7716 nelle ultime parti de i pareti. Ma le due di mezo, che $ono incontra a i pareti, che $ono
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7717 tra i pila$tri, &amp; il mezo del Tempio, $iano co$i di$tribuite, che tra i pila$tri, &amp; le prime co
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7718 lonne per mezo all' i$te$$a fila ne $iano di$po$te delle altre, &amp; $iano da piedi per la $ettima
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7719 parte dell' altezza loro; ma l'altezza per la terza parte della larghezza del Tempio. &amp; $ia la
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7720 colonna ri$tretta di $opra, per un quarto della gro$$ezza da piedi. Le $pire $iano alte per
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7721 la met&agrave; della gro$$ezza, &amp; habbiano l'orlo fatto a $e$ta alto per la met&agrave; della loro gro$$ez-
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7722 za. Ilba$tone con l'apophigie, o cimbia gro$$o quanto l'orlo. l'altezza del capitello per
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7723 la met&agrave; della gro$$ezza, la larghezza dello Abaco quanto &egrave; la gro$$ezza da piedi della colon
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7724 na. parti$ca$i poi la gro$$ezza del capitello in tre parti. Vna $i dia all' orlo, che &egrave; in luo-
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7725 go dello Abaco, l'altra all' ouolo, la terza al collarino, con il $uo tondino, &amp; cimbia. $o
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7726 pra le colonne $i deono imponere le traui congiunte, &amp; concatenate al pari, che ri$eruino
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7727 quelli moduli nelle loro altezze, che $aranno richie$te dalla grandezza dell' opera. Et que
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7728 $te traui, che $i hanno a legar in$ieme $iano di tanta gro$$ezza, quanto &egrave; il collarino della
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7729 colonna di $opra. &amp; $iano collegate in modo con chiaui, &amp; trauer$i inca$trati, che quel-
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7730 la inca$tratura tegni di $pacio due dita larghe le traui. Imperoche toccando$i, &amp; non ri-
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7731 ceuendo $piracolo di uento, $i ri$caldano in$ieme, &amp; pre$to $i gua$tano: Ma $opra le traui
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7732 &amp; $opra i pareti $ia il trapa$$o de i mutuli, che $portino in fuori per uno quarto della gro$
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7733 $ezza della colonna, &amp; nelle fronti loro dinanzi $iano affi$si gli ornamenti, che antepag-
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7734 menti $i dicono. &amp; $opra quelli il Timpano del fronti$picio che $ia di $truttura, o di le-
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7735 gno: Ma $opra quello fronti$picio $i deue ponere il colmello, o i canterij, o co$tali, &amp; i
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7736 tempiali in modo, che il grondale ri$ponda alla terzera del tetto perfetto.
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7737 <p><I>Vitrunio e$pedito dalle fabriche, &amp; maniere de' Greci, hora $i uolge alle opere To$cane. &amp; qui
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7738 douemo ridurci a memoria le co$e gia dette. Prima, che l'opera Dorica, &egrave; piu atta a $o$tenere
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7739 i pe$i appre$$o la To$cana. Sopra la Dorica, nel $econdo ordine $ta la Ionica, &amp; nel terzo la
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7740 Corinthia, come piu ornata, &amp; dilicata, ad imitatione de gli alberi fatti dalla natura nel piedi</I>
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7741 <pb n="193">
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7742 <I>rozi, &amp; gro$$i, nello a$cender piu $ottili, nella $ommit &agrave; piu adorni. per&ograve; $i uede in molti edificu,
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7743 che $ono alti, &amp; eleuati, che l'ordine da ba$$o &egrave; Dorico, il di mezo Ionico, &amp; il di $opra Corin
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7744 thio. Oltra di que$to non ci douemo marauigliar, $e Vitr. tr attando di tutte le ragioni delle ma
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7745 niere del fabricare, ha trattato anche delle To$cane: percioche l', Architettura come ho$pite heb
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7746 be li $uoi primi alberghi in Etruria, cio&egrave; in To$cana, come anche $i legge de gli antichi Re di quel
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7747 la e$$er stati molti monumenti, &amp; molte fabriche genero$e. Hora Var. dice, che la lunghezza
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7748 del Tempio deue e$$ere partita in $ei parti, &amp; cinque di quelle $i deono dare alla larghezza in mo
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7749 do, che la detta proportione della larghezza all a lungezza del tempio $ar&agrave;, $e$quiquinta. Oltra
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7750 di que$to uuole, che tutta la lunghezza $ia partita per met &agrave;, &amp; una $i debbia dare per inchiude
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7751 re le celle, &amp; l'altra la$ciare allo antitempio. Fatto que$to uuole, che $i parti$ca la larghezza
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7752 del Tempio in dieci parti, delle quali $e ne habbia a la$ciare tre dalla de$tra, &amp; tre dalla $ini$tra
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7753 per compartimento delle picciole celle, le quali o $e $aranno nella te$ta, o pure da i lati, come Vitr.
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7754 acoenna, o rinchiu$e con parapetti, o aperte, $econdo l'u$o de'$acri$icij, la$ciaranno quattro par-
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7755 ti libere al mezo del tempio. La onde tale proportione dal mezo a cia$euna delle bande $ar&agrave; pro-
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7756 portione $e$quiterza, &amp; in que$to modo $i ha la di$tributione della parte di dentro. hora quanto
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7757 appartiene al colonnato dinanzi, $aperai, che per mezo gli anguli de ipareti del Tempio, $opra
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7758 i quali $tanno le ante, o pila$tri, a dirimpetto $i deono ponere le colonne, le quali $ono termini del
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7759 la lunghezza del Tempio. &amp; perche da una cantonata all' altra &egrave; molta di$tanza, per e$$ere lo
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diff changeset
7760 a$petto areo$tilo, cio&egrave; di liberi intercolunnij; per&ograve; uuole Vitr. che tra le colonne angulari, ne
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diff changeset
7761 $iano altre due in modo, che la fronte $ar&agrave; di quattro colonne, &amp; di tre $patij. Et perche trail
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parents:
diff changeset
7762 pila$tro, &amp; la colonna angulare ui &egrave; molto $patio, &amp; co$i tra il parete, &amp; le colonne di mezo;
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diff changeset
7763 per&ograve; comanda Vitr. che $i faccia un'altro ordine di colonne nel mezo, &amp; che quelle $iano di$po-
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diff changeset
7764 $te allo incontro delle prime $otto il portico dello antitempio. La lunghezza, o altezza di que$te
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diff changeset
7765 colonne interiori $ar&agrave; maggiore dell' altezza di quelle della fronte quanto puo ricercare l'altezza
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diff changeset
7766 dello architraue dauanti: Et pare, che per que$to Vitr. uoglia, che queste colonne $iano alte $et
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diff changeset
7767 te te$te, &amp; che l'altezza $i pigli-dalla larghezza del Tempio, la quale $ia diui$a in tre parli, &amp; d'u-
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parents:
diff changeset
7768 na $i faccia? l altezza delle colonne, &amp; que$ta altezza partita in $ette parti ne dar&agrave; una alla gro$
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parents:
diff changeset
7769 $ezza delle colonne da piedi: &amp; que$ta gro$$ezza poi diui$a in quattro parti, dimoftrer&agrave; quanto
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diff changeset
7770 e$$er debbiara$tremata la colonna di $opra. A me pare, che manchi alcuna co$a nel te$to di
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parents:
diff changeset
7771 Vitr. anzi dico, che non $e gli di$idera piu che una lettera. inmodo, che la doue dice. Qui in-
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parents:
diff changeset
7772 ter antas, &amp; mediam &oelig;dem fuerint, dice$$e. qu&aelig; inter antas. &amp; co$i $i puntarebbe la lettione.
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diff changeset
7773 Spatium, quod erit ante cellas in pronao, ita columnis de$ignetur, ut angulares contra antas pa
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parents:
diff changeset
7774 rie tum catremo rum &egrave; regione collocentur. Et qui un punto. &amp; poi legga$i. Qu&oelig; inter antas, &amp;</I>
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diff changeset
7775 <fig>
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parents:
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7776 <I>medi&atilde; &oelig;dem fuerint ita di$tribuantur. Vitr.
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diff changeset
7777 dimo$tra come $i hanno a di$ponere le colon
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7778 ne angulari, &amp; le di mezo nella fronte, &amp;
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7779 le di $otto, o di dentro del pronao. ilche co$i
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diff changeset
7780 e$$endo, cileua il dubbio del Filandro, &amp;
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7781 del Serlio cerca l'altezza delle colonne. Si
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parents:
diff changeset
7782 mile intendimento anche di $opra s'&egrave; uedu-
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parents:
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7783 to. per&ograve; non &egrave; da marauigliar$i, che le co-
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diff changeset
7784 lonne To$cane $iano di $ette te$te, per la det
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7785 ta occa$ione. Ma le mi$ure delle $pire, &amp;
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7786 de i capitelli, &amp; del re$tante, $ono state di
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7787 chiarite da noi nel terzo libro. Re$taci a
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7788 dichiarire quello, che intende Vitr. quan-
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7789 do egli dice.</I> { <I>Ma $opra le traui, &amp; $opra
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7790 i pareti $ia lo trapa$$o de i mutuli, che $por</I>
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diff changeset
7791 <foot><I>BB</I></foot>
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diff changeset
7792 <pb n="194">
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7793 <fig>
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diff changeset
7794 <pb n="195">
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7795 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
7796 <I>ti in fuori per la quarta parte dell' altezza della colonna</I> } <I>cio&egrave; bi$ogna, che le te$te delle
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parents:
diff changeset
7797 traui trapa$$ino oltra il parete per un quarto dell' altezza della colonna. ilche fa un largo piouere
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diff changeset
7798 &amp; &egrave; $imile a quello, che egli dir &agrave; del cauedio To$cano, nel $e$to libro: &amp; &egrave; conforme a quello,</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
7799 <foot><I>BB</I> 2</foot>
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diff changeset
7800 <pb n="196">
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parents:
diff changeset
7801 <I>che egli ha dcttonel terzo libro, che que$te maniere areo$tili, &amp; To$cone $ono bumili, ba$$e,
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parents:
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7802 &amp; larghe. le te$te di que$it trauicelli deono e$$er coperte con i $uoi adornamenti a$$i$$i, che Vitr.
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parents:
diff changeset
7803 chiama, antepagmenti: o pure egli intende gli adornamenti de gli fronti$pici de i Tempij: &amp; que
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parents:
diff changeset
7804 sto &egrave; migliore intendimento: &amp; per&ograve; dice.</I> Et nellc fronti di que Tempij dinanzi $iano af-
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parents:
diff changeset
7805 fi$si gli antepagmenti, &amp; $opra quelli il Timpano del Fronti$picio, che $ia di $truttura, o
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parents:
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7806 di legno, cio&egrave; o di muro, o di legname, &amp; $opra quello fronti$picio, il colmo, o col-
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parents:
diff changeset
7807 mello, i cantieri, &amp; i tempiali in modo che'l grondale ri$ponda alla terzera del coper-
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parents:
diff changeset
7808 to finito.
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parents:
diff changeset
7809 <p><I>Per terzera, che tertiarium &egrave; detta, intende Vitr. tutta quella legatura, o incatenatura,
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parents:
diff changeset
7810 che partendo$i dal colmo $i allarga in forma triangolare, &amp; &egrave; contenuta dalle chiaui, &amp; trauer-
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parents:
diff changeset
7811 $i, &amp; rende la forma compita, &amp; intiera del coperto. Et qui $opra 193. ne &egrave; la figura. &amp; anche
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parents:
diff changeset
7812 $ono molte inchiauature di traui. &amp; poi la pianta, &amp; lo in pi&ugrave; della maniera To$cana.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
7813 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
7814 <p>Egli $ifa anche de i Tempij ritondi, de i quali altri $ono d'una ala $ola $enza Cella, co
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parents:
diff changeset
7815 lonnati, altri $ono detti peripteri. Quelli, che $i fanno $enza Cella, hanno il Tribuna=
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parents:
diff changeset
7816 le, &amp; l'a$ce$a per la terza parte del $uo diametro. $opra i piedi$tali uanno le colonne tan
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parents:
diff changeset
7817 to alte, quanto &egrave; il diametro da gli e$tremi pareti de i piedi$tali, ma $iano gro$$e la de
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parents:
diff changeset
7818 cima parte dell' altezza loro con i capitelli, &amp; le $pire. lo architratie alto per la met&agrave; del
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parents:
diff changeset
7819 la gro $$czza della colonna. il fregio, &amp; l'altre parti, che ui oanno $opra, $iano come ha-
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parents:
diff changeset
7820 uemo nel terzo libro delle mi$ure, &amp; compartimenti.
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parents:
diff changeset
7821 <pb n="197">
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parents:
diff changeset
7822 <p><I>Ragiona Vitr. in que$to luogo de i Tempij ritondi, &amp; ne fu di due maniere, &amp; dice che altri $o
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parents:
diff changeset
7823 no d'un'ala $ola, &amp; gli chiama monopteros. altri $ono alati a torno, &amp; gli chiama peripte-
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parents:
diff changeset
7824 ros: &amp; ci la$cia conietturare come fu$$e la prunamouera d'un'ala $ola, &amp; $enza cella. &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
7825 pare, che contradistingua il monopteros, dal peripteros. Io dir&ograve; per quella pratica, che ho di
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parents:
diff changeset
7826 Vitr. che con la breuit&agrave; non la$cia dormire, chi la legge, dir&ograve; dico come io la intendo. Faccio
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parents:
diff changeset
7827 adunque un giro quanto uoglio, che $ia il Tempio, ritrouo il $uo diametro a b. &amp; quello par-
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parents:
diff changeset
7828 ti$co in tre parti, a</I> 1. 2. 3. <I>&amp; allargo la $e$ta quanto e una di quelle parti, &amp; po$to il piede nel
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parents:
diff changeset
7829 centro, faccio un giro dentro del primo, i cui termini $ono c. c. &amp; tutto lo $patio che &egrave; da c. ad a. lo
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parents:
diff changeset
7830 la$cio a i gradi, &amp; alla $alita $ul piano del Tempio, che Vitruuio chiama Tribunale, $e non m'in-
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parents:
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7831 ganno. parti$co poi la cir conferenza del minor giro in dodici parti per porui dodici colonne per
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parents:
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7832 li dodici $egni del Zodiaco, perche io credo, che quel Tempio $enza parete $ignificaua alcune co-</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
7833 <fig>
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parents:
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7834 <I>$e del cielo, gli effetti delle quali $ono nello $coperto. drizzo i piediftali a torno, per cia$euna co-
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parents:
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7835 lonna, &amp; parti$co tutto lo $patio, che &egrave; tra'l diametro del minor giro in dieci parti, &amp; d'una di quel
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parents:
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7836 le faccio la gro$$ezza della colonna da piedi, &amp; la colonna alta dieci te$te, mettendoui i capitelli,
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parents:
diff changeset
7837 &amp; le $pire, lo architraue &egrave; alt o per la met&agrave; della gro$$ezza della colonna. il resto u&agrave; alla mi$ura
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parents:
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7838 dett a nel terzo libro. a que$to modo mi pare, che $ia bella proportione, &amp; $i $alua tutto quello,
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parents:
diff changeset
7839 che ha detto Vitr. &amp; la pianta, di que$to Tempio &egrave; qui $opra. &amp; lo in pi&egrave; $i potr&agrave; accommodare
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7840 con la $eguente maniera, della quale dice Vitr.</I>
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7841 <pb n="198">
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7842 <fig>
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diff changeset
7843 <pb n="199">
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diff changeset
7844 <p>Ma $e il Tempio hauer&agrave; le ale a torno, $iano fatti due gradi, &amp; i piedi$tali da ba$$o,
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diff changeset
7845 dapoi $ia po$to il parete della cella retirato dal piede$tale ccrca la quinta parte della lar-
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parents:
diff changeset
7846 ghezza, &amp; nel mezo delle porte $ia la$ciato il luogo alli aditi. &amp; la cella habbia tanto dia=
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parents:
diff changeset
7847 metro oltra i pareti, &amp; il circuito, quanto &egrave; l'altezza della colonna $opra il piede$tale. le
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parents:
diff changeset
7848 colonne d'intorno la cella $i di$porranno con le i$te$$e proportioni, &amp; compartimenti.
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parents:
diff changeset
7849 nel mezo poi egli $i hauer&agrave; la ragione del coperto in que$to modo, che quanto $ar&agrave; il
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parents:
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7850 diametro di tutta l'opera, la met&agrave; $ia l'altezza del Tholo, oltra il fiore, ma il $iore habbia
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parents:
diff changeset
7851 tanta grandezza quanta hauer&agrave; il capitello in cima della colonna, oltra la piramide. Il re-
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parents:
diff changeset
7852 $to $i far&agrave; con le i$te$$e proportioni, &amp; compartimenti come di $opra s'&egrave; $critto.
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parents:
diff changeset
7853 <p><I>L'altra maniera de i Tempij &egrave; detta peripteros, ha le ale di colonne a torno: ha i pareti, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
7854 circuito della cella: ha la tribuna, &amp; quello, che ua $opra la Tribuna. &amp; le $ue ragioni $ono
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parents:
diff changeset
7855 prima che a torno a torno ci $ono due gradi, &amp; $opra ci $ono i piedi$tali particolari, $opra i qua-
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parents:
diff changeset
7856 li $ono le colonne. &amp; la ragione co$i richiede, prima perche ci $ono due gradi $oli, che non fanno
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parents:
diff changeset
7857 tanta altezza, quanta faceuano i gradi, &amp; il tribunale della maniera precedente, dapoi per-
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parents:
diff changeset
7858 che d'intorno ui ua il colonnato coperto, &amp; alle colonne col piede$tale $i d&agrave; grandezza. Fatta
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parents:
diff changeset
7859 adunque la di$po$itione di due gradi, &amp; l'ordine de i piedi$tali tanto larghi l'uno dall' altro, che
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parents:
diff changeset
7860 gli $pacij delle colonne $iano conuenienti, $i piglia la quinta parte del diametro, &amp; retirando$i
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parents:
diff changeset
7861 in entro $econdo quella mi$ura $i di$egna il circuito della cella. laquale da una parte $i la$cia aper-
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parents:
diff changeset
7862 ta per dare luogo all' entrata. La cella ueramente deue e$$er tanto per diametro, quanto &egrave; l'al-
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parents:
diff changeset
7863 tezza ditutta la colonna, $opra'l piede$tale, la$ciandoui fuori del circuito della cella, la gro$$ez-
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parents:
diff changeset
7864 za del parete, che la circonda. Le colonne delle ale $iano formate alla mi$ura $opradetta, cio&egrave;
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parents:
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7865 gro$$e la decima parte della loro altezza. Bi$ogna auuertire al tetto, perche poi che hauere-
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parents:
diff changeset
7866 mo posto $opra le colonne l'architraue, il Fregio, &amp; la Cornice, douemo fare, che la lanterna
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parents:
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7867 detta Tholo da Vitr. che &egrave; $opra la cuba, o Tribuna, $ia alta per la met&agrave; del diametro di tutta l'o-
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parents:
diff changeset
7868 pera. imperoche pigliando il diametro di tutto il giro del primo grado, &amp; partendolo in due par
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parents:
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7869 ti eguali, per una di quelle alzeremo la Tribuna $opra l'architraue, freglo, &amp; Cornice, &amp; con
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parents:
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7870 quella ragione uoltandola ui la$ciaremo il luogo da fare il fiore. Que$to fiore ($timo io) che
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parents:
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7871 fu$$e a modo di ro $a riuer$cia, &amp; che abbraccia$$e la $ommit&agrave; nel mezo della Tribuna di dentro
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parents:
diff changeset
7872 uia, alquale $i apprendeuano le co$e che per uoto $i portauano ne i Tempij, &amp; fu$$e alto quanto il
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parents:
diff changeset
7873 capitello, &amp; termina$$e in piramide come $i uede in alcune medaglie di Nerone, che $opra'l Tem
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parents:
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7874 pio ritondo u'&egrave; una Piramide. &amp; chi uuole $apere i termini di quella piramide formi un triangolo
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parents:
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7875 di lati eguali (come dimo$tra la figura di $opra. la cui ba$a $ia la larghezza della Tribuna di
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parents:
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7876 dentro la gro$$ezza del muro, &amp; cominci la Lanterna dal di $opra della Tribuna per la gro$$ez-
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parents:
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7877 za di e$$a.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
7878 <p>Egli $i fa anche di altre maniere di Tempij ordinati da gli i$te$si compartimenti, ma in
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parents:
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7879 altro modo di$po$te. Come &egrave; il Tempio di Ca$tore nel Circo Flaminio, &amp; tra i due bo$-
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parents:
diff changeset
7880 chi $acri il Tempio del gran Gioue. &amp; piu argutamente nel bo$co di Diana aggiuntoui
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parents:
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7881 dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra alle $palle dello antitempio le colonne. In que$ta maniera pri-
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parents:
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7882 ma fu fatto il Tempio, come &egrave; quello di Ca$tore, nel Circo: di Minerua in Athene nella
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parents:
diff changeset
7883 rocca: &amp; di Pallade nell' Attica Sunio. Di quelle non ci $ono altre proportioni, ma le
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parents:
diff changeset
7884 i$te$$e. Le lunghezze della cella $ono doppie alla larghezza. &amp; come le altre parti eguali,
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parents:
diff changeset
7885 che $ogliono e$$ere nelle fronti $ono a i lati traportate. Sono alcuni, che togliendo le
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parents:
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7886 di$po$itioni delle colonne dalle maniere Tofcane, trasferi$cono quelle ne gli ordini del-
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parents:
diff changeset
7887 le opere Corinthie, &amp; Ioniche, perche doue uengono in fuori le ante dello antitempio,
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parents:
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7888 iui all' incontro della cella de i pareti ponendoui due colonne fanno communi le ragioni
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parents:
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7889 delle opere To$cane, &amp; delle Greche. Altri anche rimouendo i pareti del Tempio, &amp;
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parents:
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7890 applicando a gli intercolunnij dell' ala, fanno con lo $pacio del parete Ieuato uia ampia Ia
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parents:
diff changeset
7891 larghezza della cella, &amp; $eruando le altre co$e con le mede$ime proportioni, &amp; compar-
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parents:
diff changeset
7892 <pb n="200">
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parents:
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7893 <fig>
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parents:
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7894 timenti, pare che habbiano creato un'altra manicra di figura, &amp; di nome d'un fal$o a la-
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parents:
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7895 to. Ma quelle maniere $econdo l'u$o de i $acrificij $i uanno mutando, perche non a tut-
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parents:
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7896 ti i Dei con le i$te$$e ragioni $i fanno i Tempij, perche altri con altra uariet&agrave; di culto
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parents:
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7897 hanno gli effetti $uoi.
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parents:
diff changeset
7898 <p><I>E$pedite le forme de i Tempij ritondi, accioche niente ci re$ti. Vitr. ci propone anche altre ma-
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parents:
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7899 niere di Tempij compo$te, &amp; me$colate delle maniere Creche, &amp; To$cane; per leuare la $oper-
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parents:
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7900 $titione d'alcuni, che uanno $empre ad uno i$te$$o modo. Altri aggiugneuano alle $palle dello
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parents:
diff changeset
7901 Antitempio tre colonne per parte. altri anche ne i lati del Tempio $eguiuano con lo i$te$$o or dine
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parents:
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7902 di colonne. Altri apriuano la cella, &amp; la riduceuano a maggior larghezza facendo i par eti
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parents:
diff changeset
7903 appre$$o le colonne, &amp; $econdo il propo$ito, &amp; la commodit&agrave; de i $acri$icij, che (come ho de t-
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parents:
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7904 to) erano diuer$i, accommodauano le di$po$itioni de i Tempij. ilche d&agrave; da intendere anche a noi,
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parents:
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7905 che all' u$o del no$tro culto di religione accommodiamo le di$po$itioni delle Chie$e, doue &amp; $i $a il</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
7906 <pb n="201">
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parents:
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7907 <I>aero $acrificio, &amp; $i predica, &amp; $i cclebrano i $acri officij, cantando le diuine laudi &amp; $i $eruano le
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parents:
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7908 $acro$ante reliquie de i $oldati del no$tro Signore.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
7909 <p>Io ho e$po$to tutte le ragioni delle $acre ca$e de i Dei come mi $ono $tate la$ciate. Ho
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parents:
diff changeset
7910 di$tinto con i $uoi compartimenti gli ordini, &amp; le mi$ure, &amp; mi $ono forzato di de$criuere
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parents:
diff changeset
7911 quanto ho potuto, quelle che $ono di $igure di$pari, &amp; con che differenze tra $e $ono $epa
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parents:
diff changeset
7912 rati. Hora dir&ograve; de gli altari de i Dei immortali, accioche attamente $iano ordinati alla
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parents:
diff changeset
7913 dilpo$itione de i $acri$icij.
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7914 <HEAD><I>Dell' or dinare gli Altari de i Dei. Cap. VIII.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
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7915 <p>Gli altari riguardino all' Oriente, &amp; $iano $empre po$ti piu ba$si de i $imulachri
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parents:
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7916 che $aranno nel Tempio, accioche i $upplicanti, &amp; $a cerdoti guardando in $u
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parents:
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7917 ammirando$i della diuinit&agrave;, con di$eguali altezze al decoro di cia$cuno de i
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parents:
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7918 $uoi Dei $i componghino. Le altezze de gli altari co$i deono e$$ere e$plicate,
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parents:
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7919 che a <*>ioue, &amp; a tutti i Dei cele$ti alti$simi $iano fabricati; Alla Dea Ve$ta, al Mare, &amp;
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7920 alla Terra $i facciano ba$si: &amp; co$i le forme de gli altari nel mezo de i Tempij conue-
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diff changeset
7921 nienti $i di$porrano. Poi che in que$to libro hauemo trattato delle fabriche de i $acri
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diff changeset
7922 luoghi, nel $eguente $i dir&agrave; da noi chiaramente delle di$tributioni de i luoghi communi.
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diff changeset
7923 <p><I>La $omma di que$to ultimo capo &egrave; come s'habbiano a drizzare gli altari, per $eruare il deco-
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diff changeset
7924 ro conueniente alla forza, &amp; al potere di cia$cuna Deit&agrave;. Dio uole$$e che i no$tri haue$$ero tanto
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7925 ri$petto al uero $acrificio, &amp; tanta riuerenza alli $anti, quanta haueuano gli ingannati gentili al-
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diff changeset
7926 la fal$a loro $oper$titione. Conuengono tutti in que$to, che deono riguardare all' Oriente, come
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parents:
diff changeset
7927 s'&egrave; detto di $opra. Vuole Alberto che gli antichi face$$ero l'altare, alto $ei piedi, largo dodici,
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parents:
diff changeset
7928 $opra'l quale fu$$e posto il $imulacro. Vitru. non ci pre$criue altezza, n&egrave; meno credo io, che'l $i-
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parents:
diff changeset
7929 mulacro ste$$e $opra lo altare. perche Vitr. non haurebbe detto, che gli altari $empre $i ano po-
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parents:
diff changeset
7930 $ti piu ba$$i de i $imulacri. &amp; di $opra nel quinto capo di que$to libro, ha detto. Il $i nulacro,
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parents:
diff changeset
7931 che $ar&agrave; nella cella riguardi incontra $era. &amp; non ha detto il $i nulacro, che $ar&agrave; $opra l'altare.
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parents:
diff changeset
7932 $imilmente ha propo$to di dire de gli altari de i Dei immortali, accioche attamente $iano ordi-
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diff changeset
7933 nati alla di$po$itione de i $acrificij. Era adunque il $i nulacro in altro luogo, &amp; piu eminente, che
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7934 l'altare. I $anti decreti de' no$tri Pontifici, non uogliono, che gli altari nelle chie$e $i facciano
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7935 d'altro, che di pietra, &amp; $opra quelli ui uogliono una pietra con$ecrata. Noi $opra gli altari
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parents:
diff changeset
7936 $tendemo belli$$ime touaglie, &amp; dinanzi ui ponemo ornati$$i nipanni, n&egrave; ci mancano i candellieri,
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parents:
diff changeset
7937 &amp; le lampade dinanzi al $acrati$$imo corpo del no$tro Signore, a cui per ogni chie$a deue e$$ere
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parents:
diff changeset
7938 con$acrato un'altare, &amp; quello riposto in uno tabernacolo d'eccellente lauoro. V$amo anche
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parents:
diff changeset
7939 di porre $opra gli altari le reliquie de i $anti, in ornati depo$iti, con grande ueneratione. oltra di
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parents:
diff changeset
7940 que$to $ogliono i no$tri hauere un luogo $eparato doue $eruano le ue$te $acerdotali, i $a<*>ri libri,
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parents:
diff changeset
7941 &amp; le altre co$e nece$$arie a i $acrificij, &amp; al diuino culto, &amp; doue $i apparano i $acerdoti.
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parents:
diff changeset
7942 Que$ti luoghi io gli farei doue gli antichi faceuano il po$tico. Hanno anche il Choro doue canta-
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parents:
diff changeset
7943 no le diuine lodi con $edi conuenienti, &amp; pareti $eparati dal re$to della chie$a. Hanno le torr i
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parents:
diff changeset
7944 doue appendeno le campane non u$ate da altri, che da Chri$tiani, per chiamare il populo alla
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parents:
diff changeset
7945 chie$a alle hore debite. Que$te torri deono e$$ere proportionate alla grandezza della chie$a.
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parents:
diff changeset
7946 Vanno eguali, quadre, o di molti anguli, fin al luogo doue $i legano le campane. iui $i fanno d'in-
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parents:
diff changeset
7947 torno i cornicioni, &amp; gli apreno con colonnati, accioche il $uono po$$a u$cire, &amp; e$$ere $entito da
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parents:
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7948 lungi. A quelle $i $ale o con $cale dritte, o con lumache, ouero con altre $alite piu commode $e-
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parents:
diff changeset
7949 condo la inuentione &amp; $ottilit&agrave; dello Architetto. $opra i Cornicioni, &amp; le apriture ui ua la Pira-
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parents:
diff changeset
7950 mide, ouero la cuba. La Piramide &egrave; di altezza in proportione $e$quialtera alla $ua ba$a, oue-
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parents:
diff changeset
7951 ro &egrave; di lati eguali. La cuba, cuppola, &amp; lanterna $i fa con le ragioni dell' opera. In que$te torri</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
7952 <foot><I>CC</I></foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
7953 <pb n="202">
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parents:
diff changeset
7954 <I>anche $ono gli horologi da contrape$i, non cono$ciuti da gli antichi. que$ti dimo$trano di $uor
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parents:
diff changeset
7955 con uno raggio uoltato dalle ruote di dentro, l'hore naturali, i $egni &amp; gradi, ne i quali $ine ua
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parents:
diff changeset
7956 il Solc, i giorni, &amp; gli a$petti della Luna, la quantit&agrave; de i giorni, &amp; delle notti, &amp; altre co$e
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parents:
diff changeset
7957 $econdo il giudicio, &amp; la uoglia dell Architetto. Drieto la chie$a ouero appre$$o in qualche la-
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parents:
diff changeset
7958 to u'&egrave; il cemitero, che $ignifica dormitorio, perche in quello $i $epeli$ceno i morti, che al tempo
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parents:
diff changeset
7959 della re$urrettione s'hanno a $uegliare, &amp; per le $acre lettere, chiama il morire dormire. in que
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parents:
diff changeset
7960 luoghi adunque $i ripo$ano l'o$$a, &amp; le ccnere de fideli, pero &egrave; luogo $acro, doue &amp; naturale, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
7961 ordinata piet&agrave; drmo$tra la madre no$tra, che &egrave; la $anta chie$a nel $epelirei morti. Ma Dio uo-
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parents:
diff changeset
7962 glia, che a' nostri tempi non $i facciano $imili officij piu prestto a pompa de i uiui, che a con$ola-
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parents:
diff changeset
7963 tione de i morti. Non &egrave; co$a lodata, che le $epulture stiano nelle chie$e, pure egli $i u$a a gran-
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parents:
diff changeset
7964 dezza nelle capelle a que$to con pregio appropriate. &amp; in luogo piu eminente de i $acri altari $i
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parents:
diff changeset
7965 pongono i $epulchri, &amp; s'appongono le memorie, i titoli, gli Epigrammi, i Trofei, &amp; le in$egne de
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parents:
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7966 gli antipa$$ati, doue le uere effigie di $ini$$imi marmi $i uedeno, &amp; i glorio$i ge$ti in littere di
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parents:
diff changeset
7967 metallo $i leggono: Co$e da e$$er po$te piu pre$to nel foro, &amp; nella piazza, che nella chie$a, per-
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parents:
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7968 che non ni &egrave; quel decoro, che &egrave; per stanza de$critto nel primo libro, $e ben ui &egrave; quello della con-
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parents:
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7969 $uetudine: ma non lodata con$uetudine &egrave; quella. Ricordiamoci adunque di $eruare il Decoro in
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parents:
diff changeset
7970 ogni co$a, &amp; $pecialmente nell' honor di Dio, &amp; de i$anti amici $uoi, &amp; de i $erui $acro$anti de-
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parents:
diff changeset
7971 $tinati al culto di quelli, &amp; rinchiu$ine i mona$terij, a i quali &egrave; conueniente co$a che $i proueda
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parents:
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7972 di commode habit ationi, di $pacie$i chic$tri, &amp; di bei giardini, &amp; $pecialmente i luoghi delle $a-
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parents:
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7973 cre uergini $iano $icuri, alt, &amp; rimoti dalli $trepiti, &amp; dalla ueduta delle genti. &amp; per que$to fare
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parents:
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7974 lo Architelto con$iderer&agrave; il fine d'ogni fabrica, &amp; co$i proueder&agrave; al bi$ogno. Et qui $ia fine al
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parents:
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7975 quarto libro, &amp; alla materia pertinente alla Religione.</I>
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7976 <HEAD><I>Il Fine del quarto libro.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
7977 <pb n="203">
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parents:
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7978 <HEAD>IL QVINTO LIBRO</HEAD>
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parents:
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7979 <HEAD>DELL'AR CHITETTVRA DI
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parents:
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7980 M. VITRVVIO.</HEAD>
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parents:
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7981 <p>ESPEDITA <I>la parte, che cra ded cata alla religione, $eguita quella, che $i
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parents:
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7982 da al commodo, &amp; opportunit &agrave; de cittadini. in que$ta $i dimo$tra la di$po$itio
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parents:
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7983 ne del Foro, delle Ba$iliche, dello Erario, della Curia, delle prigioni, del Thea
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parents:
diff changeset
7984 tro, &amp; delle co$e pertinenti al Theatro, come $ono le $cene, i portichi, la gra
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parents:
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7985 duatione, de i bagni, delle pale$tre, &amp; de i luoghi da e$$ercitar$i, &amp; finalmen
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parents:
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7986 te de i porti. Le quali tutte co$e appartengono all' u$o della piu parte, n&egrave; $i po$-
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parents:
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7987 $ono chiamare uer amente priuate, n&egrave; anche publiche: ma communi, perche le publiche io inten
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parents:
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7988 derei e$$er le mura, &amp; le dife$e, che egualmente a tutti $i riferi$ceno: le communi, quelle, che
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parents:
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7989 all' u$o, &amp; piacere di molti $i de$$ero. Et le priuate, quelle che ad una $orte $ola di per$one $i fa-
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parents:
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7990 brica$$ero. Prepone Vitr. a que$to traltamento uno proemio degno di con$ideratione. percio-
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parents:
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7991 che $i ri$ponde in quello a molte dimande, che $i $ogliono fare da molti, che ogni giorno uanno ra-
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parents:
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7992 gionando di Vitr. (per u$are una parola mode$ta, &amp; non dire cicalando) n&egrave; hanno letto, n&egrave;
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7993 con$iderato bene quello, che $i tr oua in que$to autore. Noi uedemo chiar amente che Vitr. non
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7994 $olamente ha con$iderato, &amp; e$$aminato bene le co$e, delle quali egli doueua dare molti ammae-
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parents:
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7995 $traimenti, ma anchora $i ha proposto nell' animo di e$plicare, &amp; porgere la dottrina $ua con bel-
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diff changeset
7996 la maniera, &amp; uia ragioneuole, &amp; con modo al trattamento d'un' arte conueniente. chi non ha
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diff changeset
7997 ueduto l'ordine merauiglio$o de i $uoi prec etti? chi non ammira la $cielta delle belle co$e? quale di
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diff changeset
7998 ui$ione, o parte ci manca, che al luogo $uo non $ia ottimamente collocata? chi leuer&agrave;, o aggiu-
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diff changeset
7999 gner&agrave;, che bene $tia alcun $uo documento? Et $e egli non ha parlato come Democrito, Ari$toxeno,
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8000 Hippocrate, o come altro perfetto nella loro profe<02>ione: Egli certamente ha parlato da Architet-
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diff changeset
8001 to, &amp; ha u$ato quelle uoci, che erano amme$$e, &amp; accettate a i tempi $uoi, &amp; quella forma di dire,
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diff changeset
8002 che $i richiede da chi uuole in$egnare: Et perche que$ta non &egrave; mia imaginatione, ho caro, che $i
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diff changeset
8003 legga il proemio del pre$ente libro, di che ne feci auuertito il lettore, nel mio primo di$cor$o. La
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diff changeset
8004 doue leg gendo noi Vitr. in que$ta parte, trouaremo, quanto ho detto, e$$ere ueramente stato fat
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diff changeset
8005 to da Vitr. con deliberato, &amp; ragioneuol con$iglio: il quale dimo$tra quanto differente $ia lo $cri
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diff changeset
8006 uere le hi$torie, ouero i poemi, dal trattamento d'un' arte: &amp; proua la difficult&agrave; dello in$egna-
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diff changeset
8007 re, &amp; non ci la$cia anche di$iderare il modo di $criuere i precetti dell' arte; &amp; per&ograve; dice.</I>
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8008 <HEAD><I>Proemio.</I></HEAD>
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8009 <p>QVELLI, i quali con grandi uolumi hanno e $po$to i pen$ieri del loro ingegno,
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diff changeset
8010 &amp; i precetti delle co$e, hanno certamente aggiunto grandi$sima, &amp; mirabile
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diff changeset
8011 riputatione a i loro $critti. Il che uole$$e Iddio o Imperatore, che anche ne i
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diff changeset
8012 no$tri $tudij que$to $i comporta$le; accioche con tale ampiezza di dire anche
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diff changeset
8013 nei no$tri precetti l'autorit&agrave; prende$$e augumento. ma que$to non &egrave;, come altri pen$a,
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8014 i$pedito, percioche egli non $i $criue dell' Architettura, come $i $criueno le hi$torie, oue-
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diff changeset
8015 roi Poemi.
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parents:
diff changeset
8016 <p><I>Il $en$o di que$te parole &egrave;, che il potere a $uo agio $criuere, &amp; ampiamente e$plicare quello, che
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diff changeset
8017 $i uolge nello animo, $enza e$$ere obligato a breuit&agrave; di dire, $uole dare autorit&agrave;, &amp; credito a gli
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diff changeset
8018 $crittori, percioche a grado $uo cia$cuno ampiamente $criuendo puo ampliare, adornare, &amp; ac-
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diff changeset
8019 conciare gli $critti $uoi in modo, che po$$ino piacere, &amp; dilettare, &amp; $pecialmente, quando le co-</I>
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diff changeset
8020 <foot><I>CC</I> 2</foot>
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diff changeset
8021 <pb n="204">
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parents:
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8022 <I>$e $ono tali, che tengono i lettori $empre di$idero$i di $apere piu oltra. ma $imile ampiezza, &amp;
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diff changeset
8023 libert&agrave; non &egrave; co$i facile in ogni trattamento. perche $e co$i fu$$e, io non dubitarei di non potere
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diff changeset
8024 a miei $critti dare con auantaggio autorit&agrave;, &amp; riputatione: per&ograve; non potendo far que$to, io re$to
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diff changeset
8025 con gran di$iderio di farlo. &amp; perche non lo po$$a fare, dice.</I> {<I>Percioche eglinon $i $criue come
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parents:
diff changeset
8026 le hi$torie, ouero i poemi delt' Architettura.</I>} <I>I poemi $ono pen$amenti del no$tro ingegno, &amp;
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diff changeset
8027 le historie e$$empio delle attioni, per&ograve; con detti poemi, &amp; hi$torie egli ri$ponde a quello, che egli
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diff changeset
8028 ha detto di $opra, pen$ieri dello ingegno, &amp; precetti delle co$e. Dapoi $eguitando dimo$tra la
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parents:
diff changeset
8029 differenza, che &egrave; tra lo $criuere l'hi$torie, &amp; i poemi, &amp; il trattare dell' Architettura.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8030 <p>Le hi$to<*> da $e tengonoi lettori, perche hanno uarie e$pettationi di co$e nuoue. &amp; le
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parents:
diff changeset
8031 mi$ure, &amp; i piedi de i uer$i de i poemi, &amp; la $cielta di$po$itione delle parole, &amp; delle $en-
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diff changeset
8032 tenze tra le per$one, &amp; la di$tinta pronuntiatione de i uer$i con lu$inghe conduceno i $en-
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parents:
diff changeset
8033 timenti di chi legge, $enza offe$a in fino all' ultimo de gli $critti. ma que$to non $i puo fa
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parents:
diff changeset
8034 re nello $criuere dell' Architettura.
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diff changeset
8035 <p><I>La historia diletta, perche apporta $empre co$e nuoue, delle quali ne &egrave; l'animo no$tro $empre
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parents:
diff changeset
8036 de$idero$o. dilettando la uariet&agrave;, nece$$ario &egrave;, che il lettore $i $tia $empre bramo$o: per&ograve; per $ati$
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8037 fare al $uo di$iderio legge continuamente, &amp; con di$piacere $i ferma, n&egrave; $i $a dipartire, braman
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parents:
diff changeset
8038 do di uedere il fine delle attioni. &amp; molto piu dilettano i poemi, s&igrave; perche hanno la nouit&agrave; delle
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parents:
diff changeset
8039 co$e, s&igrave; perche allettano le orecchie con la dolcezza, &amp; $oauit&agrave; de i numeri, &amp; delle parole,
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parents:
diff changeset
8040 doue l'huomo tratto da doppio piacere $i la$cia condurre, anzitirare fin' all' ultimo de gli $critti.
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diff changeset
8041 Et qui $i deue auuertire come Vitr. ragionando de i poemi in breui, &amp; efficaci parole ha e$plicato
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parents:
diff changeset
8042 quello, che &egrave; proprio del poema, &amp; delle parole legate con dolcezza, &amp; delle $entenze dette con
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parents:
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8043 decoro, &amp; della pronunciatione fatta con gratia. Ma nel tratt amento d'un'arte, perche le pa-
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8044 role na$ceno da nece$$it&agrave;, &amp; le co$e $ono o$cure, non $i puo ade$care l'animo di chi legge, e$$en-
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diff changeset
8045 do dalla str anezza delle parole, &amp; dalla difficult&agrave; delle co$e confu$o; ilche maggiormente nel-
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parents:
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8046 l'Architettura $i cono$ce, il cui trattamento di $ua natura &egrave; piu difficile de gli altri. &amp; per&ograve; ben
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8047 dice Vitr. che que$to non $i puo fare nello $criuere della Architettura: cio&egrave; con uarie e$pettatio
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parents:
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8048 ni di co$e nuoue, &amp; co dolcezza di parole tirare gli animi fin'al fine. Et ne rende la cau$a dicendo.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8049 <p>Perche i uocaboli nati dalla propria nece$sit&agrave; dell'arte coninu$itato parlare o$curano
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parents:
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8050 la intelligenza. non e$$endo adunque quelli da $e manife$ti, &amp; non e$$endo anche e$po$ti,
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8051 &amp; chiari i nomi di quelli nella pratica, &amp; nella con$uetudine, &amp; uagando molto le $crittu
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parents:
diff changeset
8052 ne de i precetti, $e non $i ri$tringeno, &amp; con poche, &amp; aperte $entenze non $i dichiarano
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8053 <*>onendo ui impedimento la moltitudine, &amp; la frequenza del parlare, rendeno dubbio$e le
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parents:
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8054 menti de i lettori:
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parents:
diff changeset
8055 <p><I>Ogni arte u$a i proprij uocaboli, i quali na$ceno dalla nece$$it&agrave; delle co$e. per&ograve; bi$ogna prima
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8056 $$apere partitamente come $i chiamano le co$e, &amp; come dicono i filo$o$i. Il quid nominis. Que-
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diff changeset
8057 <*>propriet&agrave; de'uocaboli rende o$curo il $entimento di chi legge. Euui anche un' altra difficul-
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parents:
diff changeset
8058 <*>, che na$ce nel modo del dire; perche non &egrave; lecito nello in$egnare un' Arte, ampliar$i, &amp; u$a-
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parents:
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8059 <*> circuiti di parlare, perche non $i finirebbe mai, &amp; tirando$ila co$a in lungo non $i $eruirebbe
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parents:
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8060 all'a memoria, alla quale $i conuiene con la breuit&agrave;, &amp; con l'ordine porgere aiuto. Bi$ogna adun
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parents:
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8061 que in$egnando e$$er breue. la doue ottimamente dice V tr. in que$to luogo</I> {<I>che le $critture de
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parents:
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8062 iprecetti</I>} <I>Cio&egrave; il dare precetti, &amp; ammae$tr amenti $criuendo</I> {<I>$e non $i ri$tringeno</I>} <I>cio&egrave; $e
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parents:
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8063 non $i danno con breuit&agrave;, &amp; con poche, &amp; aperte $entenze,</I> {<I>non $i dichiarano.</I>} <I>Ecco la chia
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parents:
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8064 rezza</I> {<I>ponendui impedimento la frequenza</I>} <I>cio&egrave; la inculcatione, doue s'o$cur a lo intelletto,</I>
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parents:
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8065 {<I>&amp; la moltitudine</I>} <I>cio&egrave; la lunghezza &amp; ampiezza doue $i offende la memoria, rendeno dubbio
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8066 $e le cogitationi di chi legge. &amp; per cogitatione pare, che Vitr. intenda le uirtu piu interiori del-
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8067 l'anima, che $ono la memoria, &amp; lo intelletto. E$$endo adunque ueri$$imo quanto s'&egrave; detto, con
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parents:
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8068 olude dicendo.</I>
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8069 <p>Et per&ograve; pronunciando io gli occulti nomi, &amp; compartimenti delle membra delle ope-
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parents:
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8070 <pb n="205">
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parents:
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8071 re, breuemente mi e$pediro, accioche $iano mandati a memoria, perche co$i piu ageuol-
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8072 mente le menti le potranno riceuere. <I>Cio&egrave; intendere, &amp; capire perche il no$tro intendere
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8073 non &egrave; altro, che uno certo riceuimento. Per le dette ragioni adunque Vitr. uuole e$$er breue,
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8074 quanto per&ograve; puo portare il trattamento di co$a difficile. Oltra, che ne adduce un'altra ragio-
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8075 ne dicendo.</I>
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8076 <p>Similmente hauendo io auuertito la citt&agrave; e$$ere occupata in publiche, &amp; priuate facen
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8077 de, ho giudicato, che $i debbia $criuere con breuit&agrave;, accioche nella $trettezza dell' ocio,
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8078 quelli, che leggeranno po$sino breuemente capire.
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8079 <p><I>Vuol dire Vitr. Quello, che ne gli $critti miei non puo fare il numero, &amp; la bellezza de i uer-
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8080 $i, la commodit &agrave; di allargar$i, &amp; la nouit &agrave; de i $ucce$$i delle co$e, far&agrave; la breuit&agrave;, &amp; la chia-
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8081 rezza dello in$egnare, che anche inuita a leggere gli occupati, &amp; trauagliati in diuer$e facende.
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8082 Hor che utilit&agrave; ci porti la breuit&agrave; nello in$egnare $i dimo$tr a da una con$uetudine di Pithagora fi-
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8083 lo$ofo eccellenti$$imo, il quale di$idero$o, che i precetti $uoi re$ta$$ero nelle menti di chi gli a$col-
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8084 ta$$e non $olamente era breue in dare un precetto: ma anche tutta la $omma de i $uoi precettirin-
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8085 chiudeua in un certo, &amp; determinato numero, il quale mi$terio$amente (diceua egli) a co$a $tabi-
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8086 le, &amp; immobile a<02>imigliando$i poteua nella mente con $omma $tabilit&agrave;, &amp; fermezza ripo$ ar$i.
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8087 Et per&ograve; dice Vitr.</I>
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8088 <p>Co$i anche piacque a Pithagora, &amp; a $uoi $eguaci ne i uolumi loro $criuere i precetti,
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8089 che dauano, con ragioni cubiche, &amp; fecero il cubo di ducento, &amp; $edici uer$i, &amp; quelli
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8090 giudicarono non douer e$$ere piu di tre in uno trattamento. ll cubo &egrave; corpo riquadrato di
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8091 $ei lati, d'egual larghezza di piano, que$ti po$cia che &egrave; tratto, $e non &egrave; tocco, tiene in quel
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8092 la parte, che egli $i po$a, una immobile $tabilit&agrave; come $ono i dadi, che $i tranno da i gio-
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8093 catori nel tauolieri.
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8094 <p><I>I precetti de i Pith agorici erano breui, &amp; raccolti in uer$etti, come que$ti. Non percuoter
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8095 il fuoco col coltello. Laua il pi&egrave; manco prima, &amp; calcia il de$tro. Senza mangiarla trapian-
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8096 ta la malua. Nella tua ca$a non la$ciar le Rondini. N&egrave; core, n&egrave; ceruello mangierai. Non ori-
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8097 nar, n&egrave; parlar contr a'l $ole. Lo $pecchio alla lucerna non guardare. Fuggi la uia regale, $egui
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8098 il $entiero. Sputa nel unghie tue, ne i tuoi capelli. Et $imilmente formauano molti altri precetti
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8099 detti con $omma breuit&agrave;, a i quali dauano altro intendimento di quello, che $onauano le parole:
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8100 &amp; uolendo trattare d'una co$a $ola, $tando fermi in una materia, raccoglieuano quelli uer$etti
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8101 in una certa, &amp; determinata $omma pre$a dal numero cubo. Si come cubo $i chiama, &amp; &egrave; quel
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8102 corpo, che &egrave; di $ei lati, &amp; di $ei quadrati, &amp; faccie eguali come un dado, co$i cubo $i chiama
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8103 quel numero, che di $ei numeri piani contento per ogni uer$o tiene eguali dimen$ioni. Na$ceno i
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8104 cubi dopo la unit&agrave; di$ponendo i numeri di$pari, che natur almente di$po$ti $ono, ponendo prima i
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8105 due di$pari, da poi i tre $eguenti, da poi i quattro, che uengono, &amp; co$i di mano in mano. Ec-
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8106 co lo e$$empio. La$cia l'unit&agrave;, &amp; piglia i due primi di$pari che $ono</I> 3. <I>&amp;</I> 5. <I>que$ti raccolti
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8107 fanno</I> 8. <I>che &egrave; il primo cubo. piglia i tre $eguenti di$pari</I> 7. 9. 11. <I>&amp; $ommagli, que$ti fanno</I> 27.
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8108 <I>che &egrave; il $econdo cubo. &amp; co$i ua $eguit ando ne i quattro $eguenti di$pari</I> 13. 15. 17. 19. <I>che po-
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8109 $ti in$ieme fanno</I> 64. <I>che &egrave; il terzo cubo. Quando adunque $ia, che mo$$o il punto $i faccia la li-
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8110 nea; &amp; mo$$a la linea $i generi la $operficie; &amp; mo$$a la $operficie $i faccia il corpo, non &egrave;
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8111 lontano dalla $imiglianza, $e pigliando la unit&agrave;, &amp; continuandola produrremo un numero linea-
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8112 re. il qual numero continuato per lo $uo uer$o faccia il numero $operficiale, il quale mo$$o anch'e-
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8113 gli faccia il $odo, come $e uno $i aggiugne$$e all' unit&agrave;, il numero nato, che &egrave; due, dimostreria per
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8114 una certa $imiglianza, la lunghezza, che &egrave; propria della linea: &amp; mo$$o il due, come linea, $i
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8115 aggiugne alla lunghezza, anche la larghezza, &amp; $i fa quattro, che &egrave; numero $uperficiale, che
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8116 ri$ponde al quadrato. quessti moltiplicato per due, che &egrave; uno de $uoi lati, come $e egli $i moue$$e,
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8117 ne genera il $odo, a $imiglianza delle figure cubo nominato. Et per&ograve; non uale a dire $e $ono $ei
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8118 faccie, bi$ogna, che ci $iano $ei unit&agrave;. Dice adunque Vitruuio, che i Pithagorici con ragioni</I>
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8119 <pb n="206">
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8120 <I>cubiche de i uer$i dauano i precetti loro, &amp; che poncuano non piu di tre cubi in uno trattam<*>
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8121 per&ograve; formauano uno cubo grande di ducento &amp; $edici uer$i in que$to modo. moltiplicauane il tre
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8122 in $e &amp; faceuano il $uo quadrato, che &egrave; noue. que$to noue moltiplicat o per tre, che &egrave; lato del qua-
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8123 drato, far&agrave; <*>enti$ette, che &egrave; il $odo, &amp; cubo di quel quadrato: $imilmente l'altro cubo $i fa <*>
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8124 numero lineare, di quattro unit&agrave; continuate. le quali moltiplicate in $e, come egli $i moue$$e la li-
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8125 nea, far&agrave; una $oper$icie quadrata di $edici. &amp; moltiplicata quella $oper$icie per lo $uo lato, the
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8126 era quattro, n&egrave; far&agrave; la $omma di $e$$anta quattro: ri$pondente ad un $odo cubico, che giunte al
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8127 primo cubo, che era uenti$ette far&agrave; la $omma di nouantauno. Co$i il terzo cubo nato dal mo<*>
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8128 ro lineare di cinque unit&agrave;, &amp; $oper$iciali di uenticinque, &egrave; cento &amp; uenticinque, che agg<*>
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8129 al nouanta uno, rende la $omma di duc ento &amp; $edici. A que$to numero adunque aggiogneu<*>
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8130 iprecetti Pithagorici, i quali hauendo $imile quantit&agrave; di uer$i, cio&egrave;: e$$endo con la ragione del <*>
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8131 bo raccolti, pen$auano, che doue$$ero hauere quella fermezza nelle menti, che $uole bauere il da
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8132 do, quando &egrave; gettato $opra il tauolieri. Ma &egrave; mer auiglia, perche cagione i Pithagorici non pl-
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8133 glia$$ero il primo cubo, che &egrave; otto, &amp; poi il $econdo, che &egrave; uenti$ette, &amp; poi il terzo, che &egrave; $e$-
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8134 $ant aquattro: &amp; non raccoglie$$ero alla $omma di nouantanoue que$ti tre cubi piu pre$to, che co-
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8135 minciar dal noue: Ma for$e diuideuano i tr attamenti loro in cubi, &amp; $e il $entimento de i loro pre-
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8136 cetti d'una materia non era compre$o dal primo cubo, aggiugneuano al $econdo, &amp; $e questo
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8137 non era ba$teuole, aggiugneuano al terzo, il quale era capace d'ogni $omma. &amp; perche il pri-
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8138 mo cubo, che &egrave; otto, era poco per comprendere uno propo$ito, per&ograve; $timo io, che andauano al
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8139 $econdo cubo, che &egrave; uenti$ette, cau$ato dal tre, che &egrave; numero priuilegiato da pithagorici. &amp; co-
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8140 $i partitamente aggiugneuano i cubi $e'l bi$ogno lo richiedeua, &amp; non $i melteuano in nece<02>it&agrave;
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8141 di $errare tutti i lero trattamenti, in ducento &egrave; $edici uer$i. ma alcuni erano compre$i nel uenti-
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8142 $ette, altri nel $e$$antaquattro, &amp; altri nel ducento, &amp; $edici: n&egrave; uoleuano pa$$are piu oltra, $li-
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8143 mando, che troppo lungo $aria $tato uno trattato di quattrocento, &amp; trentadue uer$i, che $ouo
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8144 del cubo nato dal $ei, &amp; aggiu<*>to alla $omma predetta. A que$to modo io e$ponerei la mente
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8145 di Pithagora fin che $i troua$$e di meglio.</I>
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diff changeset
8146 <p>Et i Greci compo$itori di Comedie interponendo dal choro le canzoni diui$ero lo $pa
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8147 tio delle fauole in modo, che facendo le parti con ragioni cubiche, con gli intermedij al-
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diff changeset
8148 leggieriuano il recitare de gli Attori.
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diff changeset
8149 <p><I>Io non ho trouato anchora come i Greci face$$ero le parti, che io Atti chiamerei, con ragio-
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diff changeset
8150 ni cubiche, non $i ritrouando le fauole, che $iano hoggi d&igrave; compartite a quel modo. Ma egli
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diff changeset
8151 bi$ognaua, o che gli Atti fu$$ero otto, ouero otto $cene. per Atto, ouero il numero de <*> uer$i
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8152 d'una $cena, o d'un' Atto fu$$e cubico. Ma pare che Vitr. intenda gli intermedij delle fauole fat
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8153 te di numero cubo per ripo$o de i recitanti. $e for$e non uogliamo dire, che gli intermedij fu$$ero
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8154 per ripo$o de gli attori, come il dado, o il cubo tratto ripo$a: &amp; non $i baue$$e a comparare al nu
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diff changeset
8155 mero cubo, ma allo effetto del corpo cubo, che gettato $i ferma, $e altri non lo moue. &amp; a me
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8156 pare buona e$po$itione que$ta, non mi ricor dando d'hauere letto alcuno precetto de poeti, che co
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diff changeset
8157 mandi il numero cubo o de gli atti, o delle $cene, o del numero de i uer$i.</I>
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diff changeset
8158 <p>E$$endo adunque tali co$e con natural mi$ura da i no$tri maggiori o$$eruate, &amp; ueden-
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8159 do io di douere $criuere co$e inu$itate, &amp; o$cure a molti, io ho giudicato con breui uolu-
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diff changeset
8160 mi i$pedirmi, accioche piu facilmente peruenghino a i $en$i de i lettori; perche a que$to
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diff changeset
8161 modo s'intenderanno ageuolmente, &amp; io le ho ordinate in modo, che le non $aranno da
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diff changeset
8162 e$$ere $eparatamente raccolte da chi le cercheranno: ma $aranno tutto un corpo, &amp; in cia-
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diff changeset
8163 $cun uolume con i proprij generi $aranno e$plicate. Adunque o Ce$are nel terzo, &amp; nel
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8164 quarto libro io ho e$po$to le ragioni de i Tempij, in que$to io e$pedir&ograve; le di$po$itioni de i
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8165 luoghi publici: &amp; primaio dir&ograve; come s'habbia a ponere il Foro, perche nel Foro $i go-
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diff changeset
8166 uerna &amp; regge da i magi$trati, quanto ragioneuolmente appartiene al publico, &amp; al
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diff changeset
8167 priuato.
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parents:
diff changeset
8168 <pb n="207">
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8169 <HEAD><I>Del Foro. Cap. I.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
8170 <p>Igreci fanno il Foro in luogo quadrato, con ampij$simi, &amp; doppi portichi,
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parents:
diff changeset
8171 &amp; con $pe$$e colonne, &amp; con architraui di pietra, o di marmo gli adornano,
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parents:
diff changeset
8172 &amp; di $opra ne i palchi o ta$$elli fanno i luoghi da pa$$eggiare. Ma nelle cit-
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parents:
diff changeset
8173 t&agrave; d'Italia non $i deue fare il Foro con la i$te$$a ragione, peroche da i mag-
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parents:
diff changeset
8174 giori ci &egrave; $tata la$ciata la u$anza di dare nel Foro i doni a i gladiatori: &amp; per&ograve; d'intorno a
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diff changeset
8175 gli $pettacoli bi$ogna di$tribuire piu $patio$i, &amp; larghi intcrualli tra le colonne. &amp; d'in-
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parents:
diff changeset
8176 torno ne i portichi deueno e$$ere le botteghe de gli orefici, &amp; ne'tauolati di $opra $i faran
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parents:
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8177 no i poggiuoli. le quali co$e, &amp; all'u$o, &amp; alle publiche entrate $aranno drittamente
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parents:
diff changeset
8178 di$po$te.
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diff changeset
8179 <p><I>Egli &egrave; nece$$ario, bello, &amp; commodo nella citt&agrave;, che oltra le $trade, &amp; le uie ci $iano delle
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8180 piazze, &amp; de i campi; (come $i dice a Vinetia) percioche oltra l'ornamento, che $i uede ritrouan
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diff changeset
8181 do$i a capo d'una $trada un luogo bello, &amp; ampio, dal quale $i ueda lo a$petto d'una bella fabrica
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8182 di Tempio, egli $i ha que$to commodo, che iui $iraunano le genti a pa$$eggiare, $i uendeno le co-
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8183 $e nece$$arie, et <*>tili a bi$ogni della plebe, &amp; $i d&agrave; luogo a molti $pettacoli. Et $i come torna bene,
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8184 che ci $iano molte piazze $par$e per la citt&agrave;: co$i molto piu &egrave; nece$$ario, &amp; ha del grande, &amp;
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8185 dell'honoreuole, che cene $ia una principali<02>ima, &amp; che ueramente publica $i po$$a chiamare,
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parents:
diff changeset
8186 &amp; doue $iano i luoghi doue $i trattano le cau$e ciuili, &amp; i tribunali de' giudici, &amp; le corti, i $ena
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parents:
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8187 ti, doue $i con$ultano le co$e di $tato, oltr a gli $pettacoli, che $i fanno o per diletto, o per diuo-
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parents:
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8188 tione. Tratta adunque Vitr. della di$po$itione del Foro principale. Ma per i$pedirmi di quelle
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8189 piazze, che $ono $par$e per la citt&agrave;, dico, che gli antichi le chiamarono Triuij: &amp; benche Tri-
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parents:
diff changeset
8190 uio, &amp; Quadriuio $iano luoghi, doue fanno capo tre o quattro uie: nondimeno chiamarono Tri-
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parents:
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8191 uij anche quelli luoghi aperti, &amp; $patio$i, doue $i raunauano molte per$one d'una contrata: do-
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parents:
diff changeset
8192 ue $i puo dire, che Triuio $ia una picciola piazza. la quale chi ornare uole$$e, prendendo la for-
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parents:
diff changeset
8193 ma dalla principale, $i farebbeno due co$e, prima i portichi d'intorno, $emplici al meno, $e non
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parents:
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8194 duplicati: dapoi s'entrerebbe in quelle, per archi po$ti a capo delle uie; perche il portico di $ua na
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8195 tura ha del grande: Et uedere poi in te$ta d'una bella $trada uno arco Trionfale $arebbe co$a &amp;
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8196 diletteuole, &amp; honoreuole. come per uiuo e$$empio ci poteua dimo$trare la citt&agrave; di Roma. per-
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parents:
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8197 che la fronte d'un'arco a capo una $trada, fa parere quella piu bella, &amp; lo entrare nella piazza
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parents:
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8198 per un'arco, fa parere la piazza maggiore. Tre uolte fanno un'arco per l'ordinario, &amp; per
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parents:
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8199 quello di mezo pa$$aua il Trionfante, &amp; il $oldato, &amp; per gli altri pa$$auano quelli, che incon-
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parents:
diff changeset
8200 trauano, ouero accompagnauano con allegrezza il Trionfo. Le mi$ure de gli archi dipendeno
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8201 dal $apere dello Architetto. ouero $i potranno cauare da gli archi antichi, &amp; dal $e$to ca-
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parents:
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8202 po dell'ottauo libro di Alberto. &amp; molti e$$empi $i po$$ono hauere da gli archi, che $ono in Ro-
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parents:
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8203 ma, dirimpetto alla chie$a di $anta Maria alle radici del campidoglio. E l'arco di Settimio
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parents:
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8204 Seuero tra i belli, che $iano $tati fatti, doue $ono $tate $colpite le uittorie alate con i Trofei,
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8205 &amp; i $imulacri delle battaglie terre$tri, &amp; nauali, con i glorio$i titoli delle impre$e.
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parents:
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8206 Et $e bene pare, che prima ci fu$$ero de gli archi, come egli $i uede fra la uia lata, &amp;
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parents:
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8207 la minerua un'arco $chietto detto Camillo, non dimeno quello, &amp; altri archi $i
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parents:
diff changeset
8208 $tima, che non fu$$ero per Trionfi, ma per ponerui qualche $tatua. ma io leggo
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parents:
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8209 ne i $acri libri, che Saul dopo una uittoria, $i drizz&ograve; un'arco, per lo quale egli pa<02>&ograve;. Dinanzi
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parents:
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8210 allo arco di Settimio era una colonna, dallaquale come da capo cominciano tutte le uie d'Ita-
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8211 lia, chiamaua$i l'aureo miliario. Euui l'arco di Con$tantino con i $uoi ornamenti men guasti, &amp;
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parents:
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8212 &egrave; nella punta del palatino, che riguarda il Coli$eo. &amp; dinanzi a que$to $i uede un' antica meta di
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parents:
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8213 mattoni, chiamata da gli antichi meta $udante, perche mandaua fuori grandi$$ima copia d'acque</I>
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parents:
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8214 <pb n="208">
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parents:
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8215 <I>per e$tinguere la $ete di quelli, che entrauano <*>ello an$itheatro di Tito, che era uicino. L'arco De-
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parents:
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8216 mitiano &egrave; $u la $trada Fla<*>ninia nel capo della ualle Martia, <*>$o il campidoglio. que$to <*>
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parents:
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8217 hoggi, &egrave; detto di Tripoli. Fu drizzato a Domitiano, &amp; iui &egrave; la $ua uatural forma conforme a
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parents:
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8218 queila, che $i uede nelle medaglie. Ma quell' arco, che boggi $i chiama l'arco di S. Vito, che &egrave; ri-
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8219 tornaudo $u la uia Tiburtina, $i dice che fit l'arco di Galieno Imper atore. ilquale $i crede che gli
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8220 fu$$e drizzato piu pre$to per qualche illu$tre bene$icio, che per Trion$o. Ma di tutti gli ar<*>
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8221 per eterna memoria della uendetta, che fece Iddio per mezo di Tilo contra i Giudei, &egrave; lo arco di
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8222 Tito, piu ornato di titoli, &amp; di $poglie, che $ia. nel cui fronti$picio $i legge. Sen. pop. Rom. di-
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diff changeset
8223 uo Tito diui Ve$pa$iani F. Ve$pa$iano Augu$to. Dall'una parte &egrave; $colpito il carro del Trionfan-
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diff changeset
8224 te. ouero l'arca del patto con le dodici fa$ci con$ulari auanti. Dall' altra faccia $i $corge la
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diff changeset
8225 pompa del Trionfo con le $poglie. Eraui il candelabro con $ette rami. Eranui le due Tauole di
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diff changeset
8226 marmo nelle quali era $critto la legge di Moi$e. Eranui i ua$i del Tempio, la men$a d'oro, &amp; al-
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diff changeset
8227 tre $poglie. Ma hora io la$cier&ograve; que$ta digre$$ione de gli archi, che non &egrave; $tata fuori di propo$i-
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diff changeset
8228 to, perche da que$ta narratione $i da lume a quelli, che uole$$ero hoggi d&igrave; drizzare gli archi a i
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diff changeset
8229 Trincipi, Re, &amp; Imperatori. Hora ritornando al Foro dico, che il Foro principale, $econdo
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diff changeset
8230 Vitru. fatto da Greci era di forma quadrata. D'intorno eranui i porticali ampli$$imi, &amp; doppij,
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diff changeset
8231 le colonne $pe$$e, &amp; gli architraui di pietre, o di marmo, &amp; $opra i colonnati faceuano luogbi da
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diff changeset
8232 caminare. Ma i Romani, &amp; gli Italiani, perche nel Foro $i dauano i doni a i gladiatori, non ri-
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diff changeset
8233 guardauano il Foro, ma lo faceuano piu lungo, che largo. in modo che partita la lunghezza in
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diff changeset
8234 tre parti, due ne dauano alla larghezza, doue cadeua proportione $e$quialtera. Erano gli $pa-
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diff changeset
8235 cij tra le colonne piu larghi, &amp; d'intorno i portichi, erano di$po$ti i luoghi de banchieri, &amp; di
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diff changeset
8236 quelli, che cambiauano l'argento, $e non uolemo dire le botteghe de gli orefici, &amp; di $opra i$por-
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diff changeset
8237 tauano i poggiuoli, accioche da quelli commodamente $i pote$$ero uedere gli $pettacoli. &amp; co$i
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diff changeset
8238 riguardando al fine, &amp; all' u$o di$poneuano il Foro. accioche $e le genti fu$$ero molte la piazza
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diff changeset
8239 non fu$$e stretta, $e poche non pare$$e uota Dice adunque Vitru.</I> {<I>i Greci fanno il Foro in luogo
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diff changeset
8240 quadrato con larghi$$imi, &amp; doppi porticali</I>} <I>doppij, cioe di dentro, &amp; di fuori il Foro. che ri-
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diff changeset
8241 guardino, &amp; al Foro, &amp; alla parte di dietro, ouer doppi di dentro $olamente con due ordini di
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diff changeset
8242 colonne. &amp; &egrave; meglio, perche Vitr. u$a anche nel terzo libro, questa parola, Duplices, in questa
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diff changeset
8243 $ignificatione.</I> {<I>Et di $pe$$e colonne.</I>} <I>Io $timo, che Vitr. intenda in que$to luogo il Picno$tilos,
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parents:
diff changeset
8244 come intendeua nel ter zo libro lo $pacio di $pe$$e colonne d'uno diametro &amp; mezo. &amp; che que$to
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diff changeset
8245 $ia il uero, lo dimo$trano le parole di $otto, quando dice, che nelle citt&agrave; d'Italia non $i fa il Foro al
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8246 modo Greco. perche ad altro u$o il Foro era in Italia, ad altro quello de Greci. per&ograve; dando$i in
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diff changeset
8247 Italia nel Foro i doni a i gliadiatori, &amp; douendo il populo $tare a uedere, era nece$$ario dare
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8248 d'intorno a gli $pettacoli grandi intercolunnij. Ecco, che egli oppone que$te parole a quelle, che
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8249 ha detto di $opra.</I> {<I>con $pe$$e colonne.</I>} <I>Dice anche,</I> {<I>meniana, che noi e$ponemo poggiuoli. Si
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diff changeset
8250 legge, che Menio uend&egrave; la $ua ca$a a Catone, che era $opra la piazza, &amp; $i ri$eru&ograve; una $ola co-
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8251 lonna, $opra laquale ui fece un tauolato, o $olaro per poterui $tar $opra a uedere i giochi, &amp; le
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8252 fe$te, &amp; uolle, che i po$teri pote$$ero godere que$to priuilegio. &amp; di qui &egrave; nato, che i poggiuoli, o
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diff changeset
8253 pergolate coperte, che $portano in fuori $i chiamauano, meniana; da quella colonna di Menio.
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8254 Que$te meniane erano commode all'u$o, perche iui $i $taua a uedcre i giuochi, &amp; iui $i $eruaua-
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8255 no le co$e, che $i uendeuano, &amp; comprauano, come $ono i punti in Anuer$a, le uolte in real-
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diff changeset
8256 to in Vinetia.</I>
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8257 <p>Le grandezze del Foro $i deono fare $econdo la moltitudine de gli huomini, accioche
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8258 non $ia lo $pacio poco al commodo, &amp; u$o, ouero per lo poco numero delle per$one il
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8259 Foro non paia dishabitato. la larghezza $ia determinata in modo, che partita la lunghez-
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8260 za in tre parti, due di quelle $e le diano; &amp; co$i la forma $ua $ar&agrave; piu lunga che larga.
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8261 <p><I>Piace a Leon Batti$ta, che la lunghezza $ia di due quadri, &amp; ui aggiugne anche una bella c&omacr;-
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parents:
diff changeset
8262 $ider atione, che &egrave; que$ta. cio&egrave; che gli edificij, che $aranno a torno la piazza, $iano in modo pro-</I>
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diff changeset
8263 <pb n="209">
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parents:
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8264 <I>portionate, che non facciano parere la piazza $tretta, e$$endo molto alti, o non la facciano pa-
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parents:
diff changeset
8265 rere troppo ampia, e$$endo molto ba$$i, &amp; depre$si. per&ograve; egli uuole, che gli edificij $iano alti la
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parents:
diff changeset
8266 terza parte della larghezza del Foro. Egli $i deue con$iderare quello, che ba detto Vitru. &amp; la
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parents:
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8267 difpo$itione $ar&agrave; utile a gli $pettacoli, perohe cagione la forma piu lunga, che larga $ia piu com-
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parents:
diff changeset
8268 moda, che la quadrata perfetta, attento che la forma ritouda $ia piu capace, &amp; piu commoda,
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parents:
diff changeset
8269 d'ogn'altra $igura, &amp; poi la quadrata. $e noi guardemo alla capacit&agrave;, non ba dubbio, che la qua-
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parents:
diff changeset
8270 drata non $ia piu capace. $e al commodo de gladiatori, certo hanno piu commodit &agrave; nella piu lun-
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parents:
diff changeset
8271 ga, come che per le gio$tre, &amp; per lo cor$o de caualli $ia piu commoda la lunghezza. $e con$ide-
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parents:
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8272 ramo la ragione della pro$pettiua, &egrave; piu al propo$ito la quadrata, perche tutte le parti d'intorno
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parents:
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8273 banno piu uicinanza al centro, et gli fpettatori uedeno piu egualmente il tutto. per&ograve; io la$cio que-
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parents:
diff changeset
8274 sta con$ideratione a chi legge. E per&ograve; nece$$ario fare il Foro $econdo la molt itudine delle genti,
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parents:
diff changeset
8275 accioche non $i conuenga fare quello, che fece Augu$to. il quale fece fare un Foro appre$$o due,
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parents:
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8276 che ui erano per la moltitudine de gli huomini, &amp; de i litiganti, &amp; lo fece picciolo, per non dar
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parents:
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8277 noia a i patroni delle ca$e uicine. Que$to Foro era la doue $ono hora gli horti dietro a Morforio,
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parents:
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8278 &amp; alla chie$a di $anta Martina. &amp; fu fatto con molta fretta. $i ordin&ograve;, che quiui $i tratta$$ero i
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8279 giudicij publici, $i a$$orti$$ero i giudici, &amp; anche $i rauna$$e il $enato per con$ultare delle guer-
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8280 re, &amp; de i Trionfi. &amp; che quiui i uincitori capitani pone$$ero le $poglie de i loro trionfi. hebbe
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8281 que$to Foro due belli<02>imi portichi, &amp; fu adornato di co$e rari$$ime. ma che non ruina il Tempo?
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8282 che non di$trugge la guerra? che non muta la gente? Que$to, &amp; altri Fori, come che molti $ia-
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8283 no $tati belli$$imi, o $ono caduti da $e, o gettati a terra da nimici, o tr amutati in altre fabriche.</I>
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8284 <p><I>Faceuano i portichi molto ricchi, &amp; grandi, &amp; con piu ordini di colonne, l'u$o de i quali era
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8285 per fuggire le pioggie, &amp; pa$$eggiare, &amp; fuggire ogni noia della grauezza dello aere, &amp; del So=
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8286 le. chiamauan$i dalla loro grandezza miliarij, o $tadiarij. &amp; dalla lor maniera Dorici, Corin-
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8287 thij, Ionici, To$cani, o Sotterranei, &amp; altri erano con$ecrati a i Dei. erano in $omma ornamenti
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8288 delle piazze merauiglio$i.</I>
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8289 <p><I>B Curia.</I>
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8290 <p><I>C Piazza dinanzi alle carcere.</I>
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8291 <p><I>D Piazza inanzi alla Cecca.</I>
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8292 <p><I>G Ba$ilica.</I>
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8293 <p><I>A Le ale del Pallazzo, nel mezo &egrave; il Foro, &amp; d'intorne le botteghe.</I>
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8294 <foot><I>DD Faceuano</I></foot>
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8295 <pb n="210">
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8296 <fig>
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8297 <pb n="211">
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8298 <fig>
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8299 <foot><I>DD</I> 2</foot>
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8300 <pb n="212">
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8301 <fig>
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8302 <pb n="213">
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8303 <fig>
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8304 <pb n="214">
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diff changeset
8305 <p>Le colonne di $opra fiano per la quarta parte meno delle colonne di $otto. perche le
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8306 co$e inferiori ri$petto al pe$o, che portano, deono e$$ere piu ferme, che le di $opra. &amp;
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diff changeset
8307 anche perche bi$ogna imitare la natura delle na$centi co$e, come &egrave; ne gli Alberi ritondi,
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diff changeset
8308 come &egrave; lo Abete, il Cipre$$o, il Pino, delli quali non ne &egrave; alcuno, che non $ia piu gro$$o
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8309 dalle radici, ma poi cre$cendo con naturale re$trignimento di $opra a poco a poco per-
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diff changeset
8310 uiene alla $ommit&agrave;: $e adunque la natura delle na$centi co$e co$i richiede, drittamente $i
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diff changeset
8311 ordina, che le parti di $opra $iano, in larghezza, &amp; gro$$ezza piu ri$trette delle inferiori.
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diff changeset
8312 <p><I>Bello auuertimento &egrave; que$to di Vitr. nel pre$ente luogo. uuole egli che $e uorremo $oprale co-
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8313 lonne del portico porre altre colonne, &amp; leuare la fabrica con piu ordini di ta$$elli, o $olari, che
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8314 $i auuerti$ca di fare le colonne di $opra piu $ottili la quarta parte delle colonne di $otto. &amp; piglia
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8315 lo e$$empio da gli alberi, che da piedi $ono piu gro<02>i, &amp; uanno egualmente a$$ottigliando$i fin
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8316 alla cima. Ben douemo auuertire, che'l primo ordine era Dorico, il $econdo Ionico, &amp; il ter-
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8317 zo Corinthio, &amp; che non $eguita, che $e le colonne di $otto $ono la quarta parte piu gro$$e delle
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diff changeset
8318 colonne di $opra, che anche $iano in altezza maggiori la quarta parte, perche $e la colonna Do-
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diff changeset
8319 rica di $otto, &egrave; di piedi quattro di diametro e$$endo Dorica, $ar&agrave; alta piedi uentiotto. la di $opra,
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diff changeset
8320 che $ar&agrave; Ionica, $e bene $ar&agrave; un quarto meno gro$$a della Dorica, cio&egrave; tre piedi, non $ar&agrave; per&ograve; un
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diff changeset
8321 quarto minore, d'altezza della colonna di $otto, perche $ar&agrave; di otto Diametri &amp; mezo, che $ono
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diff changeset
8322 piedi uentiquattro, &amp; mezo. &amp; $e bene anche fu$$ero tutti gli ordini d'uno i$te<02>o genere; bi$ogne-
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diff changeset
8323 ria, che la colonna di $otto non fu$$e piu gro$$a dal piedi, di quello, che &egrave; la colonna di $otto nel-
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8324 la cima, doue $i fa la contr attura, accioche la colonna di $opra $i po$a$$e $ul uiuo. ben uiene anche
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diff changeset
8325 l'altezza della colonna minore, ma non la quarta parte. per&ograve; bi$ogna auuertire a quello che dice
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diff changeset
8326 Vitr. Io poner&ograve; qui$otto la pianta del Foro latino, la$ciando al giudicio, &amp; piacere d'altri il con-
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diff changeset
8327 $ider are, &amp; di<02>egnare il Foro de' Greci.</I>
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diff changeset
8328 <p>Le Ba$iliche $iano congiunte al Foro nelle parti piu calde, che $ia po$sibile, acciochei
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diff changeset
8329 negociatori il uerno $enza mole$tia di cattiui tempi a quelle po$sino transferir$i. &amp; le lar-
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parents:
diff changeset
8330 ghezze di quelle non $iano minori, che per la terza parte, n&egrave; maggiori, che per la met&agrave;
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8331 della lunghezza, $e la natura delluogo non impedir&agrave;, ouero non isforzer&agrave; a mutar mi$ura
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8332 di compartimento. Ma $e'l luogo $ar&agrave; piu ampio in lunghezza po$te $iano ne gli e$tremi
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8333 le Chalcidiche, come nella Giulia A quiliana.
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8334 <p><I>Douemo auuertire, che Vitr. col Foro abbraccia le Ba$iliche, l'Erario, il Carcere, &amp; la Cu-
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8335 ria. perche Vitr. hauendo trattato delle Ba$iliche, dello Erario, del Carcere, &amp; della Curia, dice
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8336 al terzo capo $eguente.</I> {<I>Quando $ar&agrave; fornito il Foro, bi$ogna eleggere il luogo molto $ano per
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8337 gli $pettacoli.</I>} <I>Ecco cheil Foro abbracciaua le dette co$e. per&ograve; mi pare, che in una $ola pian-
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8338 ta, $i doueria rappre$entare il Foro con la Ba$ilica, lo Erario, la Curia, &amp; la prigione. Ba$ilica,
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8339 $e uolemo interpretare il nome, $uona ca$a regale. &amp; in quella $i $oleua tener ragione a coperto,
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8340 &amp; trattar$i anche digrandi, &amp; importanti negotij. $criue Plutarco che Paulo Emilio $pe$e da
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8341 nouantamila $cudi, per quanto $i fa conto, in una Ba$ilica, laquale era nel mezo del Foro. cre-
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8342 deno alcuni, che quella Ba$ilicafu$$e tra la chie$a di $anto Adriano, &amp; il bel Tempio di Fau$ti-
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8343 na. Vuole Vitr. che le Ba$iliche $iano po$te in luoghi caldi$$imi, &amp; intende per luoghi caldi$$i-
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8344 mi, quelli, che $ono uolti dallo Aquilone, &amp; dal Settentrione, come egli e$pone nel decimo capo
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8345 del pre$ente libro. &amp; Vuole che la Ba$ilica habbia non $o che da fare col Tempio, ma non per&ograve;
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8346 in modo che $e le dia quella grandezza, perche molto piu degna co$a &egrave; il Tempio della Ba$ilica.
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8347 In quant o adunque la Ba$ilica tiene una certa conuenienza col Tempio, ella $i u$urpa molte ra-
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8348 gioni del Tempio. &amp; per&ograve; Vitr. dir&agrave; qui appre$$o, che le ragioni de gli Architraui, fregi, &amp; goc
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8349 ciolatoi $i piglieranno dalla $immetria delle colonne, come ha dic hiarito nel terzo libro. La
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8350 Ba$ilica adunque imita piu pre$to, che pareggi il Tempio. Vuole l' Alberto, che per la molti-
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parents:
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8351 tudine de i litiganti, per li notai, &amp; $crittorila Ba$ilica $ia molto piu libera, molto piu aperta,
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8352 &amp; lumino$a, accioche gli auocati, &amp; i clienti cercando$i l'un l'altro, $i po$$ino in un giro d'oc-</I>
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8353 <pb n="215">
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8354 <I>chio uedere. Gli antichi aggiun$ero alle Ba$iliche uno, &amp; due Tribunali, uno, &amp; due portichi.
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parents:
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8355 Sia adunque la larghezza con la lunghezza in proportione $otto$e$quialtera, ouero $ottodoppia
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8356 &amp; que$to quando non ci $ar&agrave; impedimento dalla natura, &amp; $ito del luogo. perche in quel ca$o,
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8357 e$$endo il luogo piu lungo, uuole Vitr. che ne gli e$tremi $i facciano le Chalcidiche: l' Alberto legge
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8358 Cau$idica, et uuole che Cau$idica $ia una aggiunta alla lunghezza della Ba$ilica in forma della let
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parents:
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8359 tera. T. per trauer$o delle te$te doue $tauano gli auuocati, &amp; cau$idici a di$putare le cau$e. Troua$i
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8360 che chalcidic&umacr; &egrave; una $orte di edi$icio detto dalla citt&agrave; Chalcidia, che lo u$aua, &amp; che era grande et
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parents:
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8361 $patio$o; &amp; for$e Vitr. intende que$to, che $i aggiunga alla Ba$ilica, quando il luogo $ar&agrave; piu lungo,
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8362 di quello, che porta la proportione della larghezza alla lunghezza. Altri int endeno la Cecca, del-
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8363 la quale Vitr. non ragiona altroue, che &egrave; luogo doue $i batte la moneta, &amp; for$e mi piacerebbe
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8364 que$ta e$po$itione, quando la Cecca non face$$e $trepito, che impedi$ce quelli, che difendeno, &amp;
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8365 trattano le cau$e nella Ba$ilica. il Filandro adduce delle autorit&agrave;, che confermano, che chalcidica
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8366 erano edificij grandi. per&ograve; io mi acco$to alla opinion $ua. &amp; quello e$$empio, che dice Vitr. co-
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8367 me nella Giulia Aquiliana, io credo, che Vitr. intenda d'una Ba$ilica fatta nel Friuli, doue inuer-
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8368 naua Ce$are; perche alcuni te$ti hanno. Villa Aquiliana. &amp; di Aquilio $i troua una memoria
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8369 in marmo nel Friuli, che io ho ueduta, &amp; $i trouano i ue$tigi d'alcune Therme.</I>
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8370 <p>Le colonne della Ba$ilica $iano tanto alte, quanto $ono larghii portichi; ma il portico
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parents:
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8371 $ia terminato per un terzo di quello, che deue e$$ere lo $pacio di mezo.
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parents:
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8372 <p><I>Se la larghezza del portico $ar&agrave; di dieci piedi, $iano le colonne dieci piedi, dico per e$$empio,
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8373 &amp; per la larghezza del portico s'intende lo $patio, che &egrave; dalle colonne al parete. Et poi uuole,
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8374 che il portico $ia tanto largo, che egli $ia d'un ter zo della larghezza di mezo, cio&egrave; quanto $ar&agrave;
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8375 il corpo della Ba$ilica ri$tretto da i pareti prenda$i un terzo, &amp; di quello $i faccia la larghezza
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8376 del portico.</I>
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8377 <p>Le colonne di $opra $iano minori di quelle di $otto, $econdo, che detto hauemo di $o-
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8378 pra. Il parapetto, che &egrave; tra le colonne $uperiori, &amp; inferiori $imilmente pare, che $ia di
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parents:
diff changeset
8379 douer e$$er per la quarta parte meno delle colonne di $opra, accioche quelli, che camina-
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diff changeset
8380 no $opra'l palco della ba$ilica, non $iano ueduti da i negociatori. Gli architraui, i fregi, i
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diff changeset
8381 gocciolatoi $iano pre$i dalla $immetria delle colonne, come hauemo detto nel terzo libro.
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diff changeset
8382 <pb n="216">
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diff changeset
8383 <HEAD><I>Lato della Be$ilica, &amp; ua congiunta la lettera A. di que$ta figura
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diff changeset
8384 con la lettera B. della Antecedente.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
8385 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
8386 <p>Ne meno di dignit&agrave;, &amp; bellezza po$$ono hauere i compartimenti delle ba$iliche di quel
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diff changeset
8387 la maniera come io ho po$to, &amp; hauuto cura che $i faccia nella colonia Giulia di Fano: le
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diff changeset
8388 proportione, &amp; mi$ure della quale $ono in que$to modo. La te$tuggine di mezo tra le co-
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diff changeset
8389 <pb n="217">
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diff changeset
8390 lonne &egrave; lunga piedi cento &amp; uenti, larga $e$$anta, il portico $uo d'intorno la te$tuggine
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parents:
diff changeset
8391 tra i pareti, &amp; le colonne, &egrave; largo piedi uenti.
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parents:
diff changeset
8392 <p><I>Le colonne erano dalla parte di dentro, &amp; $o$teneuano la te$tuggine, ma il portico era di fuori
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diff changeset
8393 a torno, &amp; era$errato di parete, come $i ueder&agrave; poi.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8394 <p>Le colonne di altezza continuate con i capitelli piedi cinquanta alte, &amp; gro$$e cinque
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parents:
diff changeset
8395 Hauendo di dietro le pila$trate alte piedi uenti, larghe due, &amp; mezo, gro$$e uno, &amp; mezo,
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parents:
diff changeset
8396 le quali riceueno le traui, che $o$tentano i canterij, &amp; i coperti de i portichi, i quali $ono
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parents:
diff changeset
8397 $ottopo$ti piu ba$si alla te$tuggine. Gli altri $patij tra le traui de i pila$tri, &amp; delle colon
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parents:
diff changeset
8398 ne per gli interualli delle colonne $ono la$ciati a i lumi: quattro colonne $ono nella lar-
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parents:
diff changeset
8399 ghezza della te$tuggine ponendoui con quelle le angulari dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra.
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parents:
diff changeset
8400 ma nella lunghezza pro$sima al Foro, pur con le angulari ne $ono otto, ma dall'altra parte
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diff changeset
8401 con le angulari, $ei, perche le due di mezo in quella parte non $ono po$te accioche non im
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8402 pedi$cano l'a$petto dello antitempio, del Tempio d'Augu$to, il quale &egrave; po$to in mezo del
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parents:
diff changeset
8403 parete della Ba$ilica, &amp; guarda per mezo'l Foro, &amp; il Tempio di Gioue.
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parents:
diff changeset
8404 <p><I>Quando Vitr. dice; &amp; gli altri $patij tra le traui de i pila$tri, &amp; delle colonne, per gli interco
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parents:
diff changeset
8405 lunnij, $ono la$ciati a i lumi. intende gli $patij, che $ono tra'l coperto del portico, &amp; il tetto del-
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parents:
diff changeset
8406 la te$tuggine. &amp; le colonne alte cinquanta piedi erano Corinthie.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8407 <p>Euui anche il Tribunale in quel Tempio meno di figura $emicircolare. &amp; lo $patio di
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parents:
diff changeset
8408 quello nella fronte di piedi quaranta$ei, &amp; la curuatura di dentro di piedi quindici, accio-
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8409 che quelli, che $te$$ero dinanzi a i magi$trati non impedi$$ero i negocianti nella Ba$ilica.
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diff changeset
8410 $opra le colonne $ono d'intorno gli architraui fatti di tre pezzi di due piedi l'uno incatena
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parents:
diff changeset
8411 ti, &amp; quelli delle terze colonne, che $ono nella parte d'intorno a i pila$tri, che $i $ten-
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parents:
diff changeset
8412 deno dallo antitempio, &amp; toccano dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra il $emicircolo.
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diff changeset
8413 <p><I>Per le terze colonne egli intende quelle, tra le quali erano leuate li due di mezo, per dare ue-
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parents:
diff changeset
8414 duta allo antitempio di Augu$to. perche $ono le terze cominciando a contare dalle angulari.</I>
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diff changeset
8415 <p>Sopra le traui d'intorno contra i capitelli $ono alcuni pila$trelli come piedi$tali, di$po
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diff changeset
8416 $ti per $o$tenere i pe$i, alti piedi tre, &amp; larghi quattro per ogni uer$o, $opra $ono le traui
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8417 ben compo$te inchiauate di due pezzi, di due piedi l'uno.
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8418 <p><I>I Pila$trelli $ono in luogo di Fregio. Le traui Euerganee. &amp; ben compo$te erano in luogo di
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8419 cornici. noi $olemo anche dire, quel traue lauora bene, quando egli &egrave; po$to in opera, &amp; fa il
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diff changeset
8420 $uo officio.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8421 <p>Sopra le traui $tanno i trauer$i con le chiaui, che contra i Fregi delle colonne, &amp; le an
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parents:
diff changeset
8422 te, &amp; i pareti dello antitempio $o$tentano uno continuato colmo della Ba$ilica. &amp; un'altro
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parents:
diff changeset
8423 dal mezo $opra lo antitempio, &amp; co$i doppia di$po$itione di te$tuggine una di fuori del
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parents:
diff changeset
8424 tetto, &amp; l'altra della te$tuggine interiore, porge una ueduta bella, &amp; gratio$a. Simil-
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parents:
diff changeset
8425 mente i leuati ornamenti de gli architraui, &amp; la di$tributione de i parapetti, &amp; delle co-
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parents:
diff changeset
8426 lonne di $opra, toglie una fatico$a mole$tia, &amp; $cema per una gran parte la $omma della
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parents:
diff changeset
8427 $pe$a. Ma le colonne co$i alte fin alla trauatura della te$tuggine, pare che accre$chino
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parents:
diff changeset
8428 et la magnificenza della $pe$a, et la dignit&agrave; dell'opera.
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parents:
diff changeset
8429 <p><I>Erano leuate quelle parti, cio&egrave; Fregi, architraui, cornici, &amp; gli adornamenti: &amp; in luogo
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8430 loro erano le traui euerganee, i pila$trelli, &amp; le traui di <*>egname, perche co$i era nece$$ario e$$en
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8431 do molto $patio tra colonna, &amp; colonna. Era a mio giuditio una ben di$po$ta Ba$ilica, &amp; doueua
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8432 hauere del grande. hora non ci $ono di quella ue$tigij apparenti.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8433 <foot><I>EE</I></foot>
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8434 <pb n="218">
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parents:
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8435 <p><I>La pianta &egrave; $egnata A.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8436 <p><I>La pianta del tempio d'Augu$to B.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8437 <p><I>Lo Antitempio C.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8438 <p><I>Il Tribunale D.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8439 <p><I>Il parete della Ba$ilica, che rinchiudeua i portichi E. F. G. H.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8440 <p><I>Il parete del Tempio I. K. L. M. &amp; uanno con le ale dello antitempio a ritrouare il parete della
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parents:
diff changeset
8441 Ba$ilica.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8442 <p><I>I pila$tri dietro le colonne. N.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8443 <p>Lo in pi&egrave; della Ba$ilica, &amp; del Tempio dimo$tra poi partitamente il tutto.
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parents:
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8444 <p><I>Le colonne</I> 1.
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parents:
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8445 <p><I>I pila$tri de uenti piedi</I> 2.
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8446 <p><I>La prima trauatura del portico</I> 3.
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parents:
diff changeset
8447 <p><I>I $econdi pila$tri di piedi diciotto.</I> 4.
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parents:
diff changeset
8448 <p><I>Le traui, che $o$tentano i canterij del corpo del portico, che &egrave; inferiore al coperto della Ba$i-
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8449 lica.</I> 5.
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8450 <p><I>Le colonne erano Corinthie. Le traui di tre morelli di due piedi l'uno, in uece d'Architraue.</I> 6.
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parents:
diff changeset
8451 <p><I>I pila$trelli di tre piedi, che $eruiuano per fregio.</I> 7.
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parents:
diff changeset
8452 <p><I>Gli altri traui po$ti in$ieme, &amp; inchiauati, che legauano la fabrica a torno, &amp; $eruiuano per
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8453 cornici, compo$ti di morelli di due piedi l'uno.</I> 8.
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parents:
diff changeset
8454 <p><I>Il tetto $i uede col $uo legamento $opra il pronao del Tempio.</I>
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parents:
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8455 <p><I>Il parete del portico a torno la Ba$ilica.</I> 9.
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parents:
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8456 <p><I>Il parapetto alla prima trauatura del portico.</I> 10.
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diff changeset
8457 <p><I>I lumi $egnati. o.</I>
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8458 <pb n="219">
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8459 <fig>
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8460 <foot><I>EE</I> 2</foot>
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8461 <pb n="220">
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8462 <fig>
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8463 <HEAD><I>Dello Erario, Carcere, &amp; della Curia come $i deono
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8464 ordinare. Cap. II.</I></HEAD>
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8465 <p>L'Erario, il Carcere, &amp; la Curia deono e$$er congiunti al Foro, ma in modo, che
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8466 la grandezza del compartimento di quelle ri$ponda al Foro, &amp; $pecialmente
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8467 la Curia $i deue fare $econdo la dignit&agrave; de gli habitanti, ouero della citt&agrave;. $e
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8468 ella $ar&agrave; quadrata, quanto hauer&agrave; di larghezza, aggiugnendoui la met&agrave; $i fa-
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8469 r&agrave; l'altezza. ma $e la forma $ar&agrave; piu lunga, che larga, egli $i porr&agrave; in$ieme la lunghezza &amp;
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8470 la larghezza, &amp; di tutta la $omma $i piglier&agrave; la met&agrave;, &amp; $i dar&agrave; all'altezza $otto la trauatu-
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8471 ra. Oltra di que$to $i deono circondare intorno i pareti nel mezo di cornicioni, o di legna-
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8472 me, o di $tucco. ilche quando non fu$$e fatto, ne uenirebbe, che la uoce de di$putanti trop
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8473 po alzata, non $arebbe udita da quelli, che odeno le cau$e. ma quando d'intorno i pareti
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8474 ci $aranno i cornicioni, la uoce ritardata da quelli prima, che $ia nello aere di$sipata, per-
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8475 uenir&agrave; alle orecchie de gli auditori.
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8476 <pb n="221">
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8477 <fig>
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8478 <p><I>Erario &egrave; luogo doue $i ripone il Te$oro, &amp; il dinaro publico. i Romani nello Erario con$erua-
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8479 uano tutti gli atti publici, &amp; deereti del Senato. i libri elefantini, ne i quali erano de$critte le
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8480 trentacinque tribu di Iuda. Dice Suetonio, che Ce$are abbruci&ograve; tutti i libri delle obliganze, che
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8481 egli ritrou&ograve; nello Erario, per leuare ogni occa$ione di odio. Come e$$er debbia lo Erario, &amp; il
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8482 carcere non dice Vitru. perche $ono parte del Foro, che hanno $eco le loro nece$$it&agrave;, che $i rimet
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8483 teno al giudicio dello. Architetto, &amp; per&ograve; de i Granai publici, dello Erario, delle armerie, del naua-
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8484 le, del Fondaco, &amp; della Cecca, non dice altro. Deono que$te co$e e$$er collocate in luoghi $icu-
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8485 ri<02>imi, &amp; pronti$$imi, circondate d'alte mura, &amp; guardate dalle forze, &amp; dall'in$idie de i $edi-
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8486 tio$i cittadini. Noi hauemo in Venetia i Granari, &amp; la Cecca congiunte alla piazza. le arme-
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8487 rie nel palazzo i$te$$o, l'Arzana $icuraguardata, &amp; fornita, $e altra ue n'&egrave; o $ia $tata al mondo.
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8488 La Cecca $opra la piazza, opera del San$ouino. iui $i batte, &amp; cimenta l'oro, &amp; l'argento: &amp; $i
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8489 con$eruano i depo$iti, &amp; $i riduceno alcuni magi$trati deputati alla Cecca, s&igrave; per l'a cura delle mo-
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8490 nete, come per li depo$iti, &amp; per l'uno, &amp; l'altro conto c'&egrave; una marauiglio$a $omma di $cudi.
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8491 Le prigioni $imilmente $ono $otto il pallazzo, alquale &egrave; congiunta la piu ricca che bene inte$a
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8492 chie$a nella te$ta della $pacio$a piazza. Anticamente erano tre $orti di prigioni, l'una di quelli,
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8493 che erano $uiati, &amp; immode$ti, che $i teneuano, accioche fu$$ero ammoe$trati. hora que$ta $i d&agrave;</I>
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8494 <pb n="222">
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8495 <I>a i pazzi. L'altra era de'debitori, &amp; que$ta anche $i u$a fra noi. La terza &egrave; doue $tanno i per-
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8496 fidi, &amp; rei huomini, o gia condennati, o per e$$ere condcnnati. Que$te $orti $ono $officienti, per-
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8497 che i delit ti, &amp; falli de gli huomini, na$ceno ouero da immode$tia, ouero da contuanacia, ou<*>e
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8498 da peruer$it&agrave;. alla immode$tia $i d&agrave; la prima. alla contumacia la $econda. alla peruer$it&agrave; la ter-
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8499 za. Non uoglio qui addurre le prigioni doue erano po$ti i martiri, o quelle, che ordinaro<*>
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8500 crudeli<02>imi Tiranni, come Ezzellino da Romano, &amp; altri, che uoleuano tormentare i miferi cit-
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8501 tadini, ma $olo dir&ograve; che le altezze, le gro$$ezze delle mura, le fortezze, &amp; ba$$ezze delle perte
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8502 $i richiedeno alle prigioni, accioche per niuna uia $i po$$a fuggire. Altri adunque fanno le per-
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8503 te doppie, &amp; di ferro, le uolte alti<02>ime, le mura di dure, &amp; gro$$e pietre. &amp; quello, che piu im-
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8504 porta le danno uigilanti<02>imi, &amp; fideli<02>imi cu$todi, oltra che tenghino le prigioni, (dir&ograve; co$i)
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8505 nel core della citt&agrave;. Vuole Alberto, che le prime prigioni $iano piu $pacio$e, le $econde piu ri$tr<*>
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8506 te, &amp; le ultime de malfattori ri$tretti$$ime, $econdo i gradi de i delitti. Hauemo noi nella citt&agrave;
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8507 no$tra, in molti lnoghi le prigioni, che $i chiamano ca$$oni, doue $i pongono quelli, che $ono pre$i
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8508 la notte per armi, o per qualche occa$ione meno hone$ta. Hanno anche diuer$i magi$trati le loro
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8509 prigioni. Anco Martio edific&ograve; nel mezo del foro il carcere, alquale Tullio aggiun$e una caua
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8510 profonda detta poi Tulliana, che era come le Latomie di Siracu$a, &amp; $i $cendeua da mano manca
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8511 per lo $pacio di uenti piedi. era cinta da ogni lato di alti$sime, &amp; forti mura, o$cura, horribile,
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8512 &amp; puzzolente. Era anche in Roma doue &egrave; il Theatro di Marcello, il carcere della plebe fatto da
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8513 App. Claud. X. Vir. nel quale $tando egli per la uita ucci$e $e $te$$o. Sono i Ve$tigij di quello
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8514 carcere appre$$o la chie$a di S. Nicolao in carcere. il Foro era de' litiganti, la Curia de Senato-
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8515 ri, il Comitio doue $i creauano i magi$trati, onde i giorni a que$to deputati $i chiamauano i giorni
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8516 Comitiali. Era prima $coperto il Comitio, fu poi coperto l'anno che Annibale pa<02>&ograve; in Italia. &amp;
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8517 poi rifatto da C. Ce$are. Era iui il fico ruminale appre$$o le radici del Palatino. &amp; il Comitio era
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8518 una gran parte del Foro. Noi nella citt&agrave; no$tra chiamamo il gran con$iglio, quel luogo doue la
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8519 numero$a nobilt&agrave; $i rauna per creare i magi$trati. Ma uegnamo alla Curia, che noi chiamamo
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8520 il Senato, ouero il Pregadi, perche anticamente $i mandauano a pregare a ca$a i nobili, che ue-
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8521 ni$$ero a con$ultare delle co$e dello $tato. Soleuano gli antichir aunar$i per deliberare ne i Tem-
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8522 pij, &amp; per&ograve; il Tempio di Giunone Moneta, &amp; Senatulo, &amp; Curia fu detto. Chiamauano anche
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8523 Curia doue i $acerdoti trattauano, &amp; procurauano le co$e della religione, come fu la Curia uec-
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8524 chia; ma altro era la Curia doue $i raunaua il Senato, come era la Ho$tilia edificata da Tullo
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8525 Ho$tilio $opra la Curia uecchia fatta da Romulo. Et la curia di Pomp. era dinanzi al $uo Theatro
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8526 doue C. Ce$are fu ucci$o da i congiurati. Ma uegnamo a Vitru. ilquale ha piu cuore alla $imme-
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8527 tria della curia che del re$to. Vuole, che $e la Curia $ar&agrave; riquadrata, che l'altezza $ia uno qua-
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8528 dro &amp; mezo alla larghezza. que$ta proportione $e$quialtera &egrave; molto commendata da Vitr. Ma
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8529 piu comparando la larghezza alla lunghezza, che comparando l'altezza alla lunghezza. &amp; $e
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8530 laforma $ar&agrave; piu lunga, che larga uuole, che raccogliamo la $omma della larghezza, &amp; della
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8531 lunghezza in$ieme, &amp; della met&agrave; facciamo l'altezza. Ma non dice quanto e$$er debbia la lar-
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8532 ghezza, &amp; la lunghezza, perche ha detto, che $i habbia riguardo alla dignit&agrave; della citt&agrave;, &amp;
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8533 de gli habitanti; che per hora co$i uoglio interpretare quella parola, Municipij; della quale io
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8534 ho parlato nel primo libro a ba$tanza. per&ograve; $e molti doueranno entrare nella Curia per e$$ere la
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8535 citt&agrave;grande, et populo$a, $i far&agrave; la curia grande, &amp; capace. &amp; perche nel con$ultare na$ceno
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8536 delle controuer$ie, &amp; &egrave; nece$$ario che gli huomini $i leuino a dire le loro oppinioni, &amp; a di$putare
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8537 le materie, per&ograve; Vitr. ci d&agrave; un bello auuertimento, accioche la uoce $ia udita. &amp; uuole che al
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8538 mezo dell'altezza $iano fatti d'intorno i Cornicioni che $portino in fuori, accioche la uoce non
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8539 $i perda nell'altezza della curia. Ma quello, che $ia opera inte$tina, ouero albaria, diremo nel
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8540 $ettimo. &amp; qui $ia fine al Foro con tutti que corpi di fabriche, che gli $ono pro<02>imi, &amp; congiunti.
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8541 leggi l'Alberto nell'ottauo libro al nono capo, che trouerai que$ta materia piu di$te$a.</I>
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8542 <pb n="223">
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8543 <HEAD><I>DelThearro. Cap. III.</I></HEAD>
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8544 <p>Fornito il Foro bi$ogna eleggere il luogo molto $ano per lo Theatro, doue ne
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8545 i giorni $olenni a i Dei $i facciano i Giuochi. la ragione de i luoghi $ani $i &egrave;
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8546 dimo$trata nel primo libro, quando trattammo di fare le mura d'intorno la
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diff changeset
8547 citt&agrave;. percioche quelli, i quali per uedere i giuochi, con le moglie, &amp; $igliuo-
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8548 li $i tengono $tando i corpi per lo piacere, &amp; diletto, $enza mouer$i, hanno le uene aper-
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8549 te, nellequali entrano i uenti, che uenendo da luoghi palu$tri, o d'altre parti infettate, con
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8550 gli $piriti loro danno gran nocumento. &amp; per&ograve; $e con diligenza $i trouer&agrave; luogo per lo
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diff changeset
8551 Theatro ageuolmente $i $chiuer&agrave; ogni difetto. Bi$ogna oltra di que$to prouedere, che'l
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8552 Theatro non habbia l'impeto dal meriggie, percioche empiendo il Sole la ritondezza del
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8553 Theatro, l'aere rinchiu$o nella curuatura non potendo u$cire, raggirando $i $calda, &amp; af-
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diff changeset
8554 focato cuoce &amp; $cema l'humore de i corpi, &amp; per&ograve; grandemente $i deono fuggire le parti
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8555 nociue, &amp; eleggere le $ane, &amp; buone.
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8556 <p><I>Si come il Trattamento del Foro abbracciaua la Ba$ilica, l'Erario, il carcere, &amp; la Curia,
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8557 co$i il trattamento del Theatro abbraccia molte co$e, dellequali Vitruuio ragiona in que$to, &amp;
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8558 altri capi, &amp; &egrave; co$a degna di auuertimento, perche ui $ono molte belle, &amp; difficili pratiche, &amp;
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8559 $ottili con$iderationi, come di$tintamente $i uedr&agrave; al $uo luogo. Seguitando adunque le $olite di-
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8560 ui$ioni diremo, che de gli $pettacoli alcuni $ono per diletto della pace, &amp; dell' ocio, altri $ono driz-
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8561 zati allo $tudio della guerra, &amp; del negocio; &amp; $i come ne i primi $i ri$ueglia il uigore dello in-
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8562 gegno, &amp; della mente, co$i ne i $econdi $i eccita la gagliardezza delle forze, &amp; dell'animo: ma
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8563 d'amendue una e$$er deue la intentione, cio&egrave; indrizzare il tutto all'ornamento, &amp; alla $alute
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8564 della patria, per&ograve; $ommamente $i deue auuertire, che ne i giuochi, &amp; ne gli $pettacoli, non $iano
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8565 introdotte co$e dishone$te, &amp; la$ciue. Hora diremo dell'un', &amp; l'altra maniera di $pettacoli.
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8566 Nella prima adunque, doue &egrave; il diletto della pace, introdutti$ono i Poeti, i Mu$ici, gli I$trioni;
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8567 nella $econda, che riguarda a gli $tudi della guerra $i fanno diuer$i certami, &amp; contentioni $pet-
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8568 tanti alla forza, &amp; de$trezza de i corpi. A i primi $i d&agrave; il Theatro, che altro non uuol dire, che
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diff changeset
8569 $pettacolo, o luogo da guardare. a i $econdi, $e $ono $pettacoli d'agilit&agrave; &amp; de$trezza, come cor-
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diff changeset
8570 rere o $altare, $i d&agrave; il Circo. $e $ono di forze, come di a$$altare, &amp; combattere con le fiere, &amp; con
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diff changeset
8571 gli huomini, $i da lo Anfitheatro. Conuengono prima tutti gli $pettacoli in que$te co$e prima,
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8572 che $ono cornuti, o curui, dapoi hanno lo $pacio di mezo, &amp; finalmente d'intorno tengono i gradi,
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8573 &amp; i luoghi eminenti doue $tanno le per$one a $edere, &amp; a uedere. $ono differentinel di$egno, per-
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8574 cioche il Theatro, &egrave; come una Luna che inuecchia. Il Circo &egrave; piegato con le corna in lungo, &amp;
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8575 $i $tende molto, perche $ia commodo alle carrette, &amp; caualli, che correno. $i $oleua anche met-
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8576 terui l'acqua, &amp; farui dentro le pugne nauali. Vero &egrave; che il circo di $ua natura non ha portichi,
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8577 &amp; dicono, che il circo fu fatto ad imitatione delle co$e cele$ti, per&ograve; haueua dodici entrate per li
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8578 dodici $egni; $ette mete, &amp; termini per li $ette pianeti. &amp; erano le mete di$tribuite nel mezo della
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8579 lunghezza del piano da Leuante a Ponente, di$tanti una dall'altra, doue le carrette da due, &amp;
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8580 da quattro ruote correndo andauano per mezo gli $pacij del Circo, come di$corre il Sole, &amp; la Lu
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8581 na, $otto il Zodiaco. &amp; non u$auano piu di uentiquattro dardi, per le uentiquattro hore, che &egrave;
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8582 una riuolutione del Cielo. Erano quelli, che correuano diui$i in quattro liuree, una era di color
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8583 uerde, che rappre$entaua la prima uera. l'altra di ro$ato, che $ignificaua la $tate. la terza, di
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8584 bianco po$ta per lo autunno. l'ultima fo$ca, che dinotaua il uerno. Il luogo doue s'incominciaua
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8585 il cor$o era detto carcere: noi chiamamo le mo$$e. Alcuni non fanno differenza tra circo, &amp; hip-
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8586 podromo, &amp; catodromo. L'Amfiteatro era di due Theatri congiunti in$ieme con le fronti loro.
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8587 &amp; que$te forme erano pre$e dall'u$o delle co$e, che $i faceuano in que luogbi. Per trattare adun-</I>
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8588 <pb n="224">
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8589 <I>que del Theatro partitamente, &amp; chiaramente Io dir&ograve; che dal fine $i potr&agrave; ogni $ua di$tributie-
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diff changeset
8590 ne con$iderare. &amp; per&ograve; la$ciando da parte le co$e communi ad ogni $abrica, che &egrave; il luogo $ano, il
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diff changeset
8591 fondamento, &amp; la piazza, &amp; altre co$e, in che conuengono tutti gli edificij per guardare. Doue-
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diff changeset
8592 mo con$iderare le per$one, che ui uanno, &amp; i giuochi, che $i fanno. Riguardando adimque le per-
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diff changeset
8593 $one, trouamo prima una gran moltitudine di nobili, &amp; di plebei che ad un tempo ui uanno, in$ie-
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parents:
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8594 me $tanno, &amp; for$e ad un tempo $i partono. per&ograve; $i ricercano molte entrate, molte $alite, &amp; mol
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8595 te u$cite. oltra di que$to perche il tempo, che $i sta a uedere, &egrave; lungo, &egrave; nece$$ario, che ci $ia la
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8596 commodit&agrave; del $edere, &amp; che in un luogo $eggano inobili, in altro i plebei. i nobili haueranno i
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8597 loro $eggi da ba$$o, accioche il fetore, che $ale con lo aere cau$ato dalla moltitudine, non gli of-
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8598 fenda. La plebe $eder&agrave; in alto, &amp; tutti $aranno in modo collocati, che potranno uedere, &amp; udi-
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8599 re commodamente. le per$one, che recitano deono hauere i luoghi doue $i ue$tino, &amp; s'apparec
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8600 chiano per recitare, &amp; i luoghi doue hanno da $tare per recitare; per&ograve; ne i Theatri $ar&agrave; nece$$a-
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8601 rio fare $imili partimenti. Riguardando poi a i giuochi uenimo in con$ideratione di tutta la for-
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8602 ma, imperoche ne i Theatri $i recitano poemi, &amp; $i fanno Mu$iche, per&ograve; &egrave; nece$$ario di dare tal
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8603 forma al Theatro, che ognuno po$$a udire chiaramente i $uoni, &amp; le fauole. alche fare &egrave; utile $a
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parents:
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8604 pere il mouimento della uoce, come $ale, come &egrave; ritardata, come &egrave; la$ciata libera, che po$$a per-
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8605 uenire alle orecchie de gli a$coltanti egualmente: &amp; di qui &egrave; nata la con$ideratione dell'armonia,
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8606 della quale $i dir&agrave; al $uo luogo. Da que$ta con$ideratione condotto Vitr. con $omma diligenza ha
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8607 e$$eguito la di$tributione del Theatro cominciando dalle fondamenta, &amp; peruenendo fin'alla ci-
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8608 ma. Elegga$i adunque prima il luogo $ano, &amp; faccia$i il Theatro nella citt&agrave;, &amp; il Circo di fuori.
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parents:
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8609 eletto il luogo $ano uolto dal feruor del Sole, &amp; da i uenti nociui per la ragione detta da Vitr. bi-
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8610 $ogna fare buone fondamenta. &amp; per&ograve; dice Vitr.</I>
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8611 <p>Piu ageuole $ar&agrave; fondare ne i monti; ma $e in piano, o in luogo palu$tre per nece$sit&agrave;
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8612 $i faranno le fondamenta, bi$ogner&agrave;, che quello, che $i fa $otterra, &amp; i ra$$odamenti, &amp; i
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parents:
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8613 battuti $i facciano co$i, come di $opra nel terzo libro, s'&egrave; detto delle fondationi de i T&emacr;pij.
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8614 <p><I>Ben ha detto in luogo palu$tre per nece$$it&agrave;, perche non ci ha con$igliati di$opra, che in luoghi
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8615 mal $ani dobbiamo fabricare i Theatri, ma la nece$$it&agrave; non ha legge. &amp; perche non puo e$$ere in
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8616 luogo palu$tre, &amp; $ano? di quella maniera, che egli ha detto e$$er $ane le paludi d'Altino, &amp;
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8617 d'Aquileia, come $ono hoggi quelle di Viuetia, doue con mirabil arte $i fonda nelle paludi ogni
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8618 grande edificio?</I>
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8619 <p>Sopra le fondamenta $i deono fare da terra i gradi di pietre, o di marmi.
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8620 <p>{<I>Da terra</I>} <I>cio&egrave; $ubito $opra le fondamenta.</I> {<I>i Gradi.</I>} <I>Ecco che la prima con$ideratione
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8621 dopo la $anit&agrave; del luogo, &egrave; di accommodar le per$one. Far $i deono adunque le graduationi $ubito
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8622 $opra terra, di pietre, o di marmi, &amp; que$ta pompa di fabricare era molto lontana dalla roza an-
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8623 tichit&agrave;, come dice Ouidio.</I>
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diff changeset
8624 <p><I>Tu prima i giuochi o Romolo face$ti
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8625 Quando per aiutar i tuo donzelli,
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diff changeset
8626 De i Sabini le Vergini prende$ti.
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8627 Allhor non eran drizzati i penelli,
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8628 Per $o$tener le uele, n&egrave; toglie$ti
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diff changeset
8629 Per far Theatro da que$ti, &amp; da quelli
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diff changeset
8630 Monti li marmi, n&egrave; fu$ti $i uano,
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diff changeset
8631 Che dipigne$ti i pulpiti col grano.</I>
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diff changeset
8632 <p><I>Sedean $opra i ce$pugli le brigate,
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diff changeset
8633 Semplicemente era la $cena ordita.</I>
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8634 <p><I>Ne i folti bo$chi con le frondi ornate,
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diff changeset
8635 L'hir$ute chiome della gente unita</I>
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diff changeset
8636 <p><I>Dall'ardore del $ol eran guardate.</I>
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diff changeset
8637 <p><I>Soleuano raunar$i ne i d&igrave; $olenni per le uille i contadini, &amp; fare diuer$i $acrificij, &amp; giu ochi
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diff changeset
8638 ru$ticali; Et que$ta u$anza piacque tanto a gli Athenie$i, che furono i primi, che la introduce$-
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diff changeset
8639 $ero nella citt&agrave;. Et chiamarono Theatro quel luogo, doue $i faceuano que giuochi. I Romani da
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8640 poi dilettando$i di $imili u$anze, uolleno anche e$$i i Theatri nella citt&agrave;, ma non gli fecero da pri-
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8641 ma $operbi, &amp; alti, &amp; di pietre, ma di legno, &amp; con qualche occa$ione, $pe$ero poi molto, &amp;</I>
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8642 <pb n="225">
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8643 <I>tutta uia gli faceuano di legname, &amp; a tempo, come $i legge che M. Scauro Edile per un $olo me
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8644 $efece un Theatro di legno capace di ottantamila per$one; che haueua la $cena alt a in tre ordini,
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8645 con trecento &amp; $e$$anta colonne di marmo, &amp; quelle del primo ordine inferiore erano alte
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8646 trent'otto piedi. La parte di $otto della $cena era di marmo, la di mezo di uetro, la di $opra dorata,
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8647 &amp; tra le colonne per adornamento ci erano da tre mila figure di metallo. Que$to Theatro fu il
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8648 piu grande, che gia mai $ia $tato fabricato. per il che non potendo Curione, che per le e$$equie
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8649 del padre ne uolle far uno, aggiugnere a quella grandezza, ricor$e per aikto alla indu$tria, do-
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8650 ue fece due Theatri amendue $opra perni in modo bilicati, &amp; $o$pe$i, che $i poteuano facilmente
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8651 girare. Sotto quelli Theatri erano le ca$e, &amp; i coperti doue $tauano quelli, che con argane, &amp;
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8652 ruotoli uolgeuano quelle gran machine de i Theatri. Fu co$a marauiglio$a (come dice Plinio)
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8653 &amp; quel populo, che era uincitor del mondo, applaudeua in un tanto $uo pericolo: perche una tra
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8654 ue di quella machina, che $i fu$$e rotta, tutta la fabrica poteua ruinare, &amp; rinouellare la $trage
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8655 di Canne. Que$ti Theatri uoltauano le curuature una in contra l'altra, perche le uoci de reci-
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8656 tanti non $i confonde$$ero in$ieme; poi $i congiugneuano in$ieme con le corna, &amp; raggirati con
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8657 le genti $opra faceuano uno amfitheatro, dapoi il mezo giorno per li giuochi de i gladiatori.
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8658 Con$iderando io, che Plinio uuole, che cia$cuno di quelli Theatri $i moue$$e $opra un perno,
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8659 &amp; che di due Theatri $i faceua uno amfitheatro, &amp; uedendo non meno audacia, che ingegno in
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8660 tanta fattura: communicando le difficult&agrave;, che io haueua con me$$er France$co Marcolini inge-
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8661 nio$o inue$tigatore di belle machine, hebbi di lui con mirabile $olertia la inuentione di due punti,
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parents:
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8662 ne i quali $i poteuano porre i perni, &amp; fare, che i Theatri nel uoltare non $i tocca$$ero l'uno, &amp;
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8663 l'altro. que$ti punti per dirla breuemente erano gli e$tremi del diametro dell'orche$tra. Vero &egrave;,
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8664 che in piu luoghi $i doueuano ponere de i ruotoli di bronzo di buona gro$$ezz&agrave;, accioche i Thea-
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parents:
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8665 tri fu$$ero da quelli portati, &amp; $o$tentati, Il Cardano nel libro della $ottilit&agrave; pone un'altro modo
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8666 di girare quelli Theatri, al quale io rimetto i lettori. Venne poi uoglia a Pompeio di farne uno, che
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8667 haue$$e a dur are piu lungamente, &amp; per&ograve; lo fece di pietra, &amp; lo orn&ograve; magnificamente, et fu mol-
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parents:
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8668 to celebre. Oltra il quale ne fu uno in Leone di Marcello figliuolo di Ottauia $orella di Augu$to,
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8669 capace di ottantamila per$one. Et un'altro che Cornelio Balbo fece pure arichie$ta di Augu$to,
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8670 che era di$idero$o di uedere la citt&agrave; molto adornata di fabriche, &amp; edificij, come dice Vitr. nella
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parents:
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8671 epi$tola: ma tornamo a Vitr.</I>
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parents:
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8672 <p>Sopra le fondamenta $i deono leuar da terra i gradi di pietra, o di marmi. Le cinte $e-
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parents:
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8673 condo l'altezza del Theatro per la rata parte, n&egrave; piu alte di quello, che $ar&agrave; la larghezza
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parents:
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8674 della cinta per doue $i ua a torno. Perche $e $aranno piu alte $cacciaranno la uoce
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8675 alla parte di $opra, n&egrave; la$ciaranno, che le parole $iano pre$e intieramente, &amp; ter-
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parents:
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8676 minate conil loro $ignificato da quelli, che $ederanno ne i $eggi, che $ono $opra le cin-
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parents:
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8677 te. Et in $omma co$i &egrave; nece$$ario, che ci gouernamo, che tirando una linea dal piu ba$$o,
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parents:
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8678 al piu alto grado, tutte le e$tremit&agrave; de i gradi, &amp; tutti gli anguli $iano toccati da quella,
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8679 &amp; co$i la uoce non $ar&agrave; impedita.
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parents:
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8680 <p><I>Deue$i auuertire in que$to luogo molto bene quello, che dice Vitr. che parla della graduatione,
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parents:
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8681 doue $tanno a $e dere gli $pettatori. &amp; $e bene io ho detto gradi, intendo per&ograve; quello, che intende
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8682 &amp; uuole Vitr. per quel nome che egli u$a, di gradatione, cio&egrave; tutta l'opera, &amp; fabrica della $a-
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8683 lita; &amp; dico, che le precintioni, che io ho detto cinte, altro non $ono, che diui$ioni d'intorno i
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8684 gradi, per lo piano delle quali $i caminaua a torno. &amp; uuole Vitr. che $iano tanto alte, quanto
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8685 &egrave; la larghezza del piano per doue $i camina. que$ti piani $ono detti da Vitr. itinera. &amp; rende la
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8686 ragione, perche que$te precintioni deono e$$ere co$i alte.</I>
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parents:
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8687 <p><I>Se la cinta $ar&agrave; piu alta, che il $uo piano largo, certo &egrave; che la uoce batter&agrave; in quella, perche
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parents:
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8688 non potr&agrave; terminare per dritta linea alla parte di $opra, e$$endo ribattuta, &amp; rotta dall'altezza
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8689 della cinta. &amp; per&ograve; Vitr. ci da un rimedio, il quale &egrave;, che $i tiri una linea, cio&egrave; o corda, o $aco-
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8690 ma, o filo di ferro, che dal ba$$o cominci, &amp; fin alla cima tocchitutti gli anguli de i gradi. per-</I>
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parents:
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8691 <foot><I>FF</I></foot>
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8692 <pb n="226">
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8693 <I>che $i come la corda non $ar&agrave; impedita da uno grado piu alto dell'altro, co$i anche non
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8694 $ar&agrave; impedita la uoce ma $alir&agrave; egualmente dal ba$$o fin alla cima, &amp; $ar&agrave; inte$a col $uo-
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8695 no, anche la $ignificatione delle parole. Vitruuio non ci d&agrave; regola qui dell'altezza de i
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diff changeset
8696 Theatri $econdo la rata parte: per&ograve; douemo auuertire, che i Theatri $ono $tati fatti ranto al
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8697 ti da alcuni, quanto era il piano di mezo, perche uiddero, che la uoce $i perdeua ne i Theatri piu
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diff changeset
8698 ba$$i, &amp; piu duramente $i udiua ne i piu alti. Ma que$to $i potr&agrave; e$pedire, dal luogo, dal di$e-
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8699 gno, &amp; dalle regole, che $i daranno. Ecci un'altra regola, che riguarda alle per$one, che ui
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8700 uanno, per&ograve; dice.</I>
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diff changeset
8701 <p>Bi$ogna di$ponere molti, &amp; $patio$i aditi, &amp; fargli in modo, che quelli di $opra non s'inc&omacr;
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diff changeset
8702 trino con quelli di $otto, ma da ogni parte drizzati, &amp; continui $enza pieghe, o riuolgimen
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8703 ti, accioche le per$one licentiate da gli $pettacoli, non $iano calcate, &amp; oppre$$e, ma po$-
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8704 $ino u$cire da ogni parte $enza impedimento.
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8705 <p><I>Quella ragione, che &egrave; dell'u$cire, &egrave; anche dello entrare. a$cendeua il populo per gradi coperti,
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8706 &amp; riu$ciua $opra i piani delle cinte gia dette. erano di qua, &amp; di la le $cale, altre commode,
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diff changeset
8707 &amp; aperte, altre piu dritte, &amp; coperte, per quelle a$cendeuano i piu ripo$ati, &egrave; maturi, per que-
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8708 $te i piu curio$i, &amp; pre$ti in modo, che era proui$to alla et&agrave;, &amp; allo appetito d'ognuno.</I>
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diff changeset
8709 <p>Egli $i deue diligentemente auuertire, che il luogo non $ia $ordo, ma che la uoce po$-
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8710 $a liberamente chiara, &amp; i$pedita uagare, &amp; que$to $i potra fare, $e egli $i elegger&agrave; luogo,
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8711 doue non $ia impedita la ri$onanza. La uoce &egrave; $pirito, che corre, &amp; perco$$a dello aere
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8712 $en$ibile all'udito. Que$ta $i muoue con infiniti giramenti, non altrimenti, che $e nel-
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8713 l'acqua ripo$ata gettando$i una pietra na$ce$$ero innumerabili cerchi dell'onda, cre$cen-
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8714 do a poco a poco dal centro, &amp; allargando$i, quanto piu pote$$ero, $e non fu$$ero interrot
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8715 ti, dalla $trettezza del luo go, o da qualche offe$a, che non permette$$e que giri dell'onde
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8716 terminare fin doue $i pote$$ero $tendere.
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8717 <p><I>La uoce &egrave; $uono cau$ato dalla perco$$a dello aere, che diuer$amente da natur ali $trumenti del-
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8718 l'huomo &egrave; lo $pirito fuori mandato. Il mouimento dello aere, perco$$o dallo $pirito, &egrave; circolare,
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8719 come quello dell'acqua, doue $ia gettata una pietra, ma $i troua differente in que$to, che i giri
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8720 fatti nell'acqua, po$$ono e$$er nomin ati piu pre$to circoli nel piano dell'acqua: &amp; quelli dello ae-
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8721 re, perche per ogni uer$o $i girano po$$ono e$$er chiamati sfere: conuengono per&ograve; con quelli dell'ac
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8722 qua, perche $e &amp; que$ti, &amp; quelli non $ono impediti, il $econdo na$ce dal primo, il terzo dal $e-
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8723 condo, il quarto dal terzo fin che tanto s'allargano, &amp; a$$ottigliano, che peruengono al fine,
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8724 &amp; co$i uanno dal primo fino all'ultimo $empre cre$cendo, perche la parte perco$$a moue la pro$$i
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8725 ma, &amp; $i allarga, &amp; que$to intende Vitr. quando dice.</I>
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8726 <p>A dunque quando $ono rattenute da alcuno o$taculo le prime, che ridondano turbano
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8727 le de$ignationi delle $eguenti. con la ifte$$a ragione &amp; giramento $i moue la uoce; ma
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8728 nell'acquai giri $i moueno in larghezza con piano eguale, &amp; la uoce nello aere, &amp; per lar-
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8729 ghezza, &amp; per altezza $i $pande, &amp; a$cende a poco a poco. Come adunque nell'acqua
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8730 con le de$ignationi delle onde, co$i nella uoce, quando non ui &egrave; o$tacolo, n&egrave; la prima di
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8731 $turba la $econda, n&egrave; le $eguenti, ma tutte con la loro ri$onanza peruengono alle orec-
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8732 chie, $i di quelli, che $ono a ba$$o, come di quelli, che $ono in alto: per&ograve; gli antichi Ar-
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8733 chitetti $eguitando i ue$tigi della natura, nel cercare la ragione della uoce, fecero i gradi
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8734 de i Theatri in modo, che ordinatamente a$cende$$ero, &amp; cercarono per la regulare Ma-
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8735 thematica, &amp; Mu$ica ragione, che ogni uoce, che u$ciua dalla $cena, perueni$$e chiara, &amp;
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parents:
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8736 $oaue alle orecchie de gli $pettatori.
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8737 <p><I>Se adunque la uoce per lo aere $i moue circolarmente, chi dubita, che la forma ritonda, &amp;
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8738 circolare non conuegna al Theatro? perche quando il Theatro fu$$e di forme angulari, non per-
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8739 uenirebbe la uoce egualmente alle orecchie, &amp; alcuni udirebbono bene come piu uicini, alcuni
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8740 male come piu lontani. Ecco adunque come lo Architetto deue e$$ere &amp; Mu$ico, &amp; naturale.</I>
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8741 <pb n="227">
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8742 <I>ma molto piu per quello, che $egue, come $i uedr&agrave; qui $otto. Dice adunque Vitruuio
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8743 che gli antichi Architetti hanno u$ato la regolata ragione de i Mathematici, intendendo per
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8744 canonica, &amp; regolata la ragione de i numeri, della quale i Mu$ici e$perti $i $ogliono $eruire: &amp;
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8745 comprende la $peculatione, &amp; la prat ca, dicendo la regulare Mathematica, &amp; Mu$ica ragio-
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8746 ne. Et perche il luogo $ia piu ri$uonante, oltra la circolar figura de i Theatri, oltra il giu$to $a-
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8747 limento de i gradi toccati tutti da un'i$te$$a linea ne gli anguli loro, fecero $opra gli ultimi, &amp; $o
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8748 premi gradi di $opra un portico a torno il Theatro con ampie aperture dauanti, ma chiu$o di die-
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8749 tro, accioche $ottentrando la uoce in quelle ampiezze, ri$uona$$e $otto que uolti, come ri$uona
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8750 nelle cauerne, &amp; ne gli in$trumenti, che hanno gran corpo. Di que$ti portichi ne dir&agrave; Vitr. al
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8751 luogo $uo, fin tanto auuertiremo a quello, che egli dice.</I>
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8752 <p>Perche $i come gli organi nelle lame d'ottone, o di corno $i fanno perfetti con la die$i
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8753 alla chiarezza de i $uoni delle corde: co$i le ragioni de i Theatri $ono $tate con ragione
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8754 Armonica ordinate da gli antichi allo accre$cimento della uoce. <I>Cio&egrave;, $i come alla ragione
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8755 delle corde, &amp; del loro $uono s'accordano gli in$trumenti di canne, &amp; gli organi, co$i con Ar-
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8756 monica ragione allo augumento della uoce da gli antichi $ono $tate ordinate le ragioni de i Theatri
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8757 come che uoglia dire, che la die$i, che &egrave; la minima uoce, &amp; principio di accordar gli instrumen
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8758 ti, habbia dato la regola di accordare gli in$trumenti da canne. Entra adunque Vitr. con que-
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8759 $to propo$ito a ragionare dell'Armonia. Et dice, che co$a &egrave;, &amp; ne fa le figure, &amp; de$crittioni
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8760 interpretando la mente di Ari$toxeno, del quale non douemo noi per&ograve; troppo a$$icurarci: impero-
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8761 che egli attribuiua il tutto alle orecchie; niente concedeua alla ragione; diuideua il tuono in due
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8762 parti eguali, co$a non approuata da i buoni Armonici, &amp; finalmente &egrave; licentio$o, &amp; dubbio$o au-
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8763 tore. dice adunque Vitr.</I>
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8764 <HEAD><I>Dell' Armonia. Cap. IIII.</I></HEAD>
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8765 <p>L'Armonia &egrave; mu$ica littetatura, o$cura, &amp; difficile, &amp; $pecialmente a quelli,
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8766 che non hanno cono$cenza di lettere Greche. la quale $e noi uolemo e$plica-
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8767 re, egli &egrave; anche nece$$ario di u$are le parole Greche, perche alcuna co$a di
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8768 quelle non ha i nomi latini. Et per&ograve; quanto io potr&ograve;, aperti$simamente in-
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8769 terpreter&ograve; da gli $critti di Ari$toxeno, &amp; $otto$criuer&ograve; la $ua de$crittione, &amp; di$egner&ograve; i
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8770 termini de i tuoni, accioche chi con piu diligenza ui attender&agrave;, po$$a piu facilmente
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8771 intendere.
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8772 <p><I>Alla Mu$ica appartiene, &amp; con$iderare, &amp; operare d'intorno a que numeri, che ad altri $i
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parents:
diff changeset
8773 riferi$ceno, aggiuntoui il $uono. per il che diuideremo la Mu$ica principalmente in due parti,
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parents:
diff changeset
8774 delle quali una $ar&agrave; tutta po$ta nel giuditio della ragione, &amp; di quella poco ne dice Ari$toxeno,
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diff changeset
8775 come di quella, che con$ider a la natura, la differenza, &amp; la propriet&agrave; d'ogni proportione, &amp;
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diff changeset
8776 d'ogni con$onanza, &amp; pone di$tintioni tra quelle co$e, le quali per la loro $ottigliezza non po$$o
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diff changeset
8777 no e$$ere giudicate dal $en$o. L'altra con$umando$i nelle operationi, &amp; praticando in diuer$e
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parents:
diff changeset
8778 maniere $i con la uoce, come con gli instrumenti, &amp; componimenti diletter&agrave; il $en$o de mortali
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parents:
diff changeset
8779 affaticato, &amp; porger&agrave; gentile ammae$tramento della uita (come $i uede nella poe$ia) la quale
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diff changeset
8780 &egrave; una parte di que$ta Mu$ica delle principali. Mu$ica adunque &egrave; ragione, &amp; e$$ercitio della na-
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parents:
diff changeset
8781 tura Armonica. Armonica natura, &egrave; quella, che $i puo con $uoni adattare in$ieme. La ragio-
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parents:
diff changeset
8782 ne non opera, cio&egrave;non di$corre $enza l'occa$ione del $en$o, perche non fa giudicio di co$e non pri-
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parents:
diff changeset
8783 ma cono$ciute. Egli &egrave; adunque nece$$ario di congiugnere una parte, &amp; l'altra in modo, che il
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parents:
diff changeset
8784 $en$o prima $i adoperi, &amp; poi $egua la ragione. Onde ben dice Boetio, che bella co$a &egrave; di cono-
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parents:
diff changeset
8785 $cere con modo, &amp; uia, che co$a &egrave;, &amp; che co$a apporta quello, che &egrave; commune a tutti i uiuenti.
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parents:
diff changeset
8786 Di que$te co$e il uulgo non ha dubitatione, i dotti $i torceno, i cono$centi$i dilettano. Et per&ograve; la</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8787 <foot><I>FF</I> 2</foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
8788 <pb n="228">
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parents:
diff changeset
8789 <I>Mu$ica, che diletta la mente, &amp; le orecchie, &egrave; congiunta con la moralit&agrave;, &amp; con la $peculatio
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parents:
diff changeset
8790 ne. Accioche adunque il $uono accompagnato dolcemente peruenga alle orecchie, &amp; che que
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parents:
diff changeset
8791 giri, che $a la uoce nello aere, non $iano impediti, l'uno dall'altro con $proportionati mouimenti,
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parents:
diff changeset
8792 ma $oauemente s'accompagnino, &amp; s'aiutino in$ieme, &amp; accioche la mente $i riuolga alla cagio-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
8793 ne della dolcezza della $oauit&agrave; de i $uoni, bi$ogna prima con$iderare il principio, da cui la uoce
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parents:
diff changeset
8794 prende attitudine di potere e$$ere regolata, &amp; di cadere $otto l'Armonia, &amp; con quale moui-
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parents:
diff changeset
8795 mento ella $i moua, &amp; come peruenga alla perfetta compo$itione. alche fare era nece$$ario di di
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parents:
diff changeset
8796 re prima, che co$a fu$$e uoce, &amp; come nello aere $i moueua. per&ograve; Vitr. ce lo ha dimo$trato di $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
8797 pra, &amp; il re$tante &egrave; qui $otto.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8798 <p>La uoce quando con mutationi $i piega, alcuna fiata $i fa graue, alcuna $iata $i rende
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parents:
diff changeset
8799 acuta, &amp; a due modi $i moue, de i quali uno ha gli effetti continuati, l'altro di$tinti. La
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parents:
diff changeset
8800 continuata non $i ferma ne in termini, n&egrave; in alcun luogo, ma $uol fare le $ue terminatio.
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parents:
diff changeset
8801 ni non apparenti, &amp; gli interualli di mezo manife$ti, come quando parlando dicemo.
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parents:
diff changeset
8802 Sol. Fior. Mar. Ben. perche co$i n&egrave; doue comincia, n&egrave; doue termina $i cono$ce, ma ne
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parents:
diff changeset
8803 di acuta s'&egrave; fatta graue, n&egrave; di graue acuta appare alle orecchie. per lo contrario adiuiene
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parents:
diff changeset
8804 quando la uoce $i moue con di$tanza, perche quando la uoce nel mutar$i $i piega uiene a
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parents:
diff changeset
8805 fermar$i nella terminatione d'alcun $uono, da poi $i muta in un'altro, &amp; facendo que$to
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parents:
diff changeset
8806 $pe$$e uolte di qua, &amp; di la, appare incon$tante a i $en$i, come adiuiene nelle canzoni,
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
8807 nelle quali piegando le uoci facemo uatiare il canto: &amp; per&ograve; quando la uoce con interual-
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parents:
diff changeset
8808 li &egrave; riuolta, egli appare in manife$te terminationi di $uoni, doue comincia, &amp; doue
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parents:
diff changeset
8809 fini$ce.
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
8810 <p><I>Que$ta diui$ione &egrave; fatta (come dice Ari$toxeno) per $eparar la uoce, che &egrave; atta ad entrare
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parents:
diff changeset
8811 nell' Armonia, da quella, che non &egrave; atta. La uoce adunque $i moue in due modi: prima che pare
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parents:
diff changeset
8812 all'orecchia (come &egrave;) continuata, n&egrave; che mai $i fermi in alcun modo di terminatione. que$ta dal
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parents:
diff changeset
8813 lo effetto $uo $i chiama ragioneuole, perche con quello mouimento di uoce $iamo $oliti di parlare,
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parents:
diff changeset
8814 &amp; ragionare non alterando la uoce. Dapoi $i moue la uoce in modo, che pare di$tinta, &amp; che $i
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
8815 parta da uno grado d'altezza, &amp; peruenga ad un'altro, &amp; che $i muti in diuer$e terminationi
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parents:
diff changeset
8816 di $uoni; onde da que$to effetto $i chiama di$tinta; ma dall'u$o melodica, cio&egrave; u$ata da chi canta,
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parents:
diff changeset
8817 o recita uer$i. perche quando noi cantamo, o recitamo uer$i, alzamo, &amp; abba$$amo di$tinta-
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parents:
diff changeset
8818 mente la uoce fermandola, &amp; ripigliandola $i, che il $en$o la cono$ce di$tinta. Benche Boetio uo
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parents:
diff changeset
8819 glia, che nello recitar uer$i $i u$i una uoce mezana, &amp; mista tra la continua, &amp; la di$tinta. La
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parents:
diff changeset
8820 uoce continua, &amp; d'uno i$te$$o tenore non &egrave; $ottoposta alla con$ideratione della Mu$ica, perche
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
8821 doue non &egrave; graue, &amp; acuto non &egrave; con$onanza; ma $i bene la di$tinta. n&egrave; questa anchora $ar&agrave; at
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parents:
diff changeset
8822 ta alle con$onanze, prima, che peruenga ad un certo luogo, $i come adiuiene a molti corpi, i qua-
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parents:
diff changeset
8823 li non $ono atti a cadere $otto la ragione del pe$o, $e non hanno una certa quantit&agrave;, &amp; grandezza,
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parents:
diff changeset
8824 n&egrave; po$$ono uenire $otto la pro$pettiua, $e non hanno quel tanto, che &egrave; fine del non poter e$$er uedu
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parents:
diff changeset
8825 li, &amp; principio dello e$$er ueduti: perche la natura non comporta, che le minime differenze $ia-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
8826 no a i $en$i de gli huomini $ottopo$te. Il $uono adunque di$tinto, &amp; ridotto ad una certa, &amp; $en-
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parents:
diff changeset
8827 $ibile quantit&agrave;, &egrave; principio dell'Armonia, come la unit&agrave; &egrave; principio del numero; il punto della li
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parents:
diff changeset
8828 nea; lo in$tante del tempo. La natura ha circon$critto la uoce di cia$cuno in modo, che il pri-
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parents:
diff changeset
8829 mo luogo di quella, &egrave; il piu ba$$o, &amp; il piu graue, che po$$a e$$er in alcuno. ma perche facendo
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parents:
diff changeset
8830 $empre un $uono, &amp; in quello fermando$i la uoce, non ne riu$cirebbe alcuna Armonia: per&ograve; deono
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parents:
diff changeset
8831 le uoci mutar$i, &amp; $alire, &amp; piegar$i in diuer$e terminationi, accioche la piu ba$$a con la piu al-
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parents:
diff changeset
8832 ta con proportione ri$ponda. La uia adunque della $alita, anzi la $alita $i chiama $patio, &amp; di-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
8833 $tintione, &amp; interuallo. ma la comparatione ri$petto a i termini, &egrave; diuer$a, per&ograve; $tando lo $pa-
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parents:
diff changeset
8834 tio, quando la uoce dal ba$$o a$cende allo alto, dicemu, che ella $i fa piu intenta, piu acuta, o
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parents:
diff changeset
8835 piu alta: ma quando dallo alto $i parte, &amp; uiene al ba$$o, dicemo, che la $i rimette, &amp; s'abba$-
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parents:
diff changeset
8836 a, &amp; che diu enta graue. Et $i come la natura ha dato il principio della uoce alla parte piu ba$-</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8837 <pb n="229">
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parents:
diff changeset
8838 <I>$a, di cui la Mu$ica $ene $erue, co$i $alendo qua$i per gradi $i troua il maggior grado, al quale po$$a
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parents:
diff changeset
8839 la uoce natur almente, &amp; commodamente $alire: non in modo, che quello, che la natura ha dato per
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parents:
diff changeset
8840 piu alto $i prenda dall'arte, ma in modo, che $otto quello $i truoui quel $uono della uoce, che $ia
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parents:
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8841 il piu alto, &amp; ri$ponder po$$a al primo in per$etti$$ima con$onanza, di maniera, che $e piu oltre
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parents:
diff changeset
8842 $i pa$$a$$e con la uoce $alendo, o $i face$$e $trepito, ouero ad altra con$onanza non $i perueni$$e.
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
8843 Ma perche non $i peruiene dal primo all'ultimo, cio&egrave;, dal piu ba$$o al piu alto $uono $enza mezi:
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
8844 per&ograve; $alendo la uoce dal primo, &amp; piu ba$$o luogo al $ommo, &amp; piu alto, che regolar $i po$$a, &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
8845 nece$$ario, che ella tocchi diuer$i gradi, &amp; quelli $iano con proportionati $patij di$tinti. l'ordi-
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parents:
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8846 nanza della $alita delle uoci dalla piu ba$$a alla piu alta &egrave; detta da Greci $i$tema, &amp; da nostri Sca
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
8847 la: &amp; perche praticandola, la riducono $opra la mano, per&ograve; la chiamano Mano, i Greci uoglio-
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8848 no dire, ordinata compo$itione, i no$tri commoda &amp; ben compo$ta $alita. Quella $alita $i d&agrave; ad
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diff changeset
8849 intendere con linee, &amp; interualli, che chiamamo riga, &egrave; $patio. La $cala adunque &egrave; una com-
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diff changeset
8850 po$itione di righe, &amp; di $patij dritte &amp; egualmente prodotti, nella quale $i uedeno $critte le note
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diff changeset
8851 d'ogni canto. L'u$o delle rige, &amp; de gli $patij &egrave;, accioche $i cono$ca di$tintamente la di$tanza
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diff changeset
8852 della $alita &amp; della di$ce$a delle note, le quali non $ono altro, che $egni di mandar fuori la uoce,
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diff changeset
8853 &amp; del tempo, che ella $i deue tenere. Hauemo adunque fin hora, come deue e$$er quella uoce,
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8854 che &egrave; atta alla melodia: Et Vitr. la$ciando a drieto molte co$e, che dice Ari$toxeno fra mezo,
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diff changeset
8855 uiene alla diui$ione delle melodie. &amp; dice.</I>
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diff changeset
8856 <p>Le maniere de i canti $ono tre, l'una e detta da Greci armonia, l'a ltra chroma. la terza
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diff changeset
8857 diatonon. Il canto armonico &egrave; concetto dall'arte, &amp; per quella cagione il $uo cantare ri
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diff changeset
8858 tiene grauit&agrave;, &amp; autorit&agrave; non poca. Ma il chroma ornato di $ottile $olertia, &amp; frequenza
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diff changeset
8859 de moduli porge piu $oaue dilettatione. Ma il Diatono per e$$er naturale &egrave; piu facile per
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parents:
diff changeset
8860 la di$tanza de gli interualli.
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parents:
diff changeset
8861 <p><I>Se io haue$$i a trattare della Mu$ica, io la ordinarei altramente; Ma io intendo di $eguitare
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parents:
diff changeset
8862 il modo propo$to da Vitr. Maniera, o Genere &egrave; un certo compartimento de gli $patij nelle $cale,
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diff changeset
8863 &amp; nelle ordinanze, che rappre$enta diuer$e Idee d'Armonia: &amp; di que$ti diremo partitamente
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parents:
diff changeset
8864 qui $otto, facendo chiaro, quello che pare a molti o$curo, &amp; di$$icile. Tre$ono adunqae i gene
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parents:
diff changeset
8865 ri della melodia. Chromatico, Diatonico, Armonico. Que$ti prendeno i nomi loro dalla uici-
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parents:
diff changeset
8866 nanza, ouero dalla lontananza de gli $patij, nelle $cale, &amp; ordinanze. Armonico &egrave; quello, che
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parents:
diff changeset
8867 nella $ua ordinanza, abonda di pro$$imi, &amp; piccioli$$imi interualli, &amp; breui$$ime $alite della
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parents:
diff changeset
8868 uoce, &amp; &egrave; co$i chiamato, qua$i adattato, &amp; con$ertato. Diatonico &egrave; co$i detto, perche
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parents:
diff changeset
8869 abonda di $patij distanti per tuoni, qua$i andante per tuoni. &amp; in quello la uoce mol-
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parents:
diff changeset
8870 to $i stende. Chromatico &egrave; quello, che piu abonda di $emituoni nel $uo compartimento.
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parents:
diff changeset
8871 Chroma $ignifica colore: &amp; perche que$to genere come colore $i muta dalla prima in-
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parents:
diff changeset
8872 tentione, per&ograve; &egrave; co$i nominato. D<*> que$ti tre generi piu uicino alla natura &egrave; il Diato-
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parents:
diff changeset
8873 nico, perche egli $uccede qua$i da $e ad ognuno, che canta $enza ammae$tramento.
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parents:
diff changeset
8874 Piu artificio$o &egrave; il chromatico, come quello, che $i e$$ercita $olamente da gli ammae-
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parents:
diff changeset
8875 $trati: Et per&ograve; la maggior parte de i Mu$ici s'affatticaua in que$to genere: per-
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parents:
diff changeset
8876 che $empre uoleuano raddolcire, &amp; ammollire gli animi. Lo Armonico &egrave; piu effi&mdash;
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parents:
diff changeset
8877 cace, &amp; &egrave; $olo de gli eccellenti nella Mu$ica, &amp; &egrave; pre$tanti$$imo tra ogni com
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parents:
diff changeset
8878 ponimento. &amp; molti per la debolezza loro non lo ammetteno, perche egli non $i
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parents:
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8879 puo co$i facilmente mettere in u$o. Seuero, &amp; fermo, &amp; con$tante &egrave; il Diatonico,
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parents:
diff changeset
8880 &amp; dimo$tra co$tumi, &amp; habiti uirili. Molle, &amp; lamenteuole &egrave; il Chromati&mdash;
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parents:
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8881 co. Quando adunque $ia, che noi uogliamo fare un'ordinanza, ouero una $cala,
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parents:
diff changeset
8882 che tanto &egrave;, quanto accordare uno $trumento, nece$$ario &egrave;, che $appiamo $econdo
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8883 quale de i tre generi lo uogliamo compartire; perche a materie dolci, &amp; lagrimeuoli, ci
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parents:
diff changeset
8884 uuole il Chromatico: &amp; alle grandi, &amp; heroiche il Diatonico, come altre ad altri generi, o ad
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parents:
diff changeset
8885 altre me$colanze di quelli; perche ognuno de i predetti generi a piu modi$peciali $i puo partire; &amp;</I>
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diff changeset
8886 <pb n="230">
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parents:
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8887 <I>quelli particolari compartimenti di cia$cun genere gli danno un certo a$petto, &amp; forma diuer$a,
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parents:
diff changeset
8888 qua$i a gui$a di pittori colorandogli, accioche $i facciano udire $econdo le Idee, che $i uuole, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
8889 non $i faccia a ca$o la imit atione delle co$e, che $ono grandi, con$tanti, molli, mutabili, tempera-
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parents:
diff changeset
8890 te, e mediocri, come comporta la loro natura; nel che con$i$te ogni bello effetto dell' Armonia.
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parents:
diff changeset
8891 per&ograve; $i come &egrave; co$a degna di con$ideratione, co$i a giorni no$tri &egrave; poco con$iderata; &amp; molti pen-
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parents:
diff changeset
8892 $ano col genere Diatonico di $atisfare ad ogni qualit&agrave; di co$e, &amp; $tanno o$tinati, n&egrave; uogliono udi-
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parents:
diff changeset
8893 re alcuna ragione, o perche pare loro di perdere quanto hanno imparato, o che impo$$ibil $ia o$-
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parents:
diff changeset
8894 $eruar que$te regole, o perche ueramente $ono ignoranti, &amp; $prezzatori di quello, che non $an-
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parents:
diff changeset
8895 no. Io uorrei, che qui fu$$e luogo di e$ponere le idee, &amp; i colori conuenienti ad ogni qualit&agrave; di co-
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parents:
diff changeset
8896 $e, $econdo i loro generi, perche con uiua i$perienza delle orecchie confermata da inuincibili ra-
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parents:
diff changeset
8897 gioni, gli farei confe$$ar lo error loro; ma troppo tempo, &amp; maggior occa$ione $i richiede. ben
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parents:
diff changeset
8898 affermo $e pen$ano colgenere Diatonico $olo rappre$entare tutti gli affetti humani, che s'ingan
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parents:
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8899 nano grandemente. perche come dice Vitru.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
8900 <p>In que$te tre maniere di$simiglianti $ono le di$po$itioni de i Tetracordi, perche i tera-
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parents:
diff changeset
8901 cordi del genere Armonico hanno due tuoni, &amp; due die$i. Die$i &egrave; la quarta parte del tuo-
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parents:
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8902 no, &amp; co$i in uno $emituono $ono due die$i. Nel chromatico $ono po$ti in ordine due
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parents:
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8903 mezi tuoni, ma il terzo $pacio &egrave; di tre $emituoni. Il Diatonico ua per due continuati tuo
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parents:
diff changeset
8904 ni, &amp; con lo terzo $pacio d'un $emituono compie la grandezza del $uo Tetracordo. &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
8905 a que$to modo i Tetracordi, ne i tre generi agguagliati $ono, &amp; pareggiati di due tuoni,
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parents:
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8906 &amp; d'un $emituono.
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parents:
diff changeset
8907 <fig>
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parents:
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8908 <p><I>In tutti i Tetracordi d'ogni genere $ono quattro termini, o $uoni, o gradi, che uoglian dire. tut-
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parents:
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8909 ti $altano ad una $omma in tre $alti, ma diuer$amente. perche l'Armonico $ale dalla met&agrave; d'un
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parents:
diff changeset
8910 $emituono, che die$i $i chiama, &amp; que$to &egrave; il primo pa$$o, o interuallo. il $econdo pa$$o &egrave; di $a-
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parents:
diff changeset
8911 lita ad un'altra met&agrave; di $emituono, &amp; d'indi allo $pacio d'un ditono. Il chromatico ha lo primo
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parents:
diff changeset
8912 $patio d'un $emituono, &amp; $imilmente il $econdo, ma $ale poi al Trihemituono. Finalmente il dia-
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parents:
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8913 tonico, ha lo primo $pacio d'un tuono, lo $econdo d'un tuono, il terzo di mezo tuono. $i che in
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parents:
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8914 ogni genere il Tetracordo &egrave; compo$to di due tuoni, &amp; un $emituono. &amp; que$to &egrave; che dice
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parents:
diff changeset
8915 Vitru. che i Tetracordi $ono ne i tre generi agguagliati, &amp; pareggiati di due tuoni, &amp; d'un $e-
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parents:
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8916 mituono. &amp; perche s'intenda meglio quanto dice Vitru. dir&ograve; che co$a &egrave; Tetracordo, che co$a &egrave;
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8917 $pacio, &amp; interuallo, &amp; dichiarir&ograve; gli altri termini po$ti da lui, quanto io pen$er&ograve;, che $ia per
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parents:
diff changeset
8918 $atisfare al pre$ente bi$ogno, con quella breuit&agrave;, &amp; chiarezza, che $i puo in $imile materia diffi-
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parents:
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8919 cile, a$co$a, &amp; alla lingua no$tra $traniera. Delle $cale, &amp; ordinanze perfetta &egrave; quella, che con
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parents:
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8920 igradi della piu ba$$a, &amp; della piu alta uoce contiene quella con$onanza, che le abbraccia tut-</I>
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parents:
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8921 <pb n="231">
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casties
parents:
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8922 <I>te, &amp; que$to non $i puo $are $e la ordinanza della $cala non tiene quindicigradi di uoce, &amp; quat-
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parents:
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8923 tordici $pacij. Grado io intendo il luogo della uoce o alta, o ba$$a, che $ia: ma perche da prima
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parents:
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8924 l'huomo nel mondo non ha fatto perfette le co$e delle arti, ma le $cienze, &amp; le dottrine a poco a
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8925 poco con l'aggiunta de i $ucce$$ori $ono cre$ciute; per&ograve; non fu ritrouato da principio tutta la
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diff changeset
8926 $cala, &amp; ordinanza delle uoci, ma bene dapoi $i $ono formati tutti i gradi. la onde nel formare
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8927 gli instrumenti mu$icali $i u$auano le corde &amp; i nerui de gli animali, i quali rendeuano i $uoni pro
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8928 portionati, &amp; anche $i e$$ercitaua $enza alcuna Mu$ica la ragione $opra una $ola corda, parten
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8929 dola numero$amente in modo, che toccando quella uota, &amp; poi $opra uno $pacio determinato, ren-
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8930 deua quella con$onanza, che $i cercaua. Questaforma $i chiamaua monocordo, di modo, che
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8931 u'era una corda $ola. Ma gli antichi uolendo e$$ercitare la Mu$ica, faceuano gli in$trumenti di
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8932 piu corde, dal numero delle quali dauano il nome a gli in$trumenti. Per&ograve; chiamauano tetracor-
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8933 do lo instrumento di quattro corde, pentacordo quello di cinque, &amp; co$i nelresto fino allo instru
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8934 mento pentecacordo, cio&egrave; di quindici corde corri$pondenti a quindici gradi della uoce, che faceua
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8935 no quattordici $pacij, &amp; interualli. $pacio, &amp; interuallo non &egrave; altro (come ho detto) che quan
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diff changeset
8936 tit&agrave; della uoce tra due $uoni. &amp; qui &egrave; ripre$o Ari$toxeno, che pone la grauit&agrave;, &amp; l'acutezza del
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8937 la uoce in qualit&agrave;, &amp; non in quantit&agrave;. Dalle dette co$e $i ha che alcune ordinanze $aranno mag-
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8938 giori, alcune minori. Maggiori $ono quelle, che hanno piu gradi, &amp; minori quelle, che ne hanno
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8939 meno. La doue grandi$$ima $ar&agrave; quella appre$$o gli antichi, che hauer&agrave; quindici gradi. Dico
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diff changeset
8940 appre$$o gli antichi, perche dapoi ne $ono stati aggiunti de gli altri, perche niente ci uieta, che con
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diff changeset
8941 ragione non andiamo piu oltre, &amp; $pecialmente nel fare gli instrumenti mu$icali, che po$$ono $a-
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8942 lire piu alto della uoce humana, laquale temperatamente tra quelli quindici $i contiene. &amp; $e piu
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8943 oltra pa$$a$$e potrebbe e$$ere strepito$a, &amp; inetta all'ordinanza: ilche non adiuiene in molti $tru-
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diff changeset
8944 menti. Noi hauemo dichiarito, che co$a &egrave; $pacio, &amp; che co$a &egrave; Tetracordo. ci re$tano alcuni al
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diff changeset
8945 tri nomi, per fare la intelligenza di Vitr. piu piana, &amp; $ono que$ti. Die$i, Tuono, $emituono, tri-
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diff changeset
8946 hemituono, Ditono. che $ono i nomi de gli interualli. Il tuono adunque &egrave; il principio della con$o-
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diff changeset
8947 nanza, cio&egrave; il primo termine, &amp; fondamento della con$onanza, nato da proportione $e$quiotta-
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diff changeset
8948 ua. Con$onanza &egrave; uno me$colamento di $uoni graui, &amp; acuti proportionati, che con diletto per-
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8949 uiene alle orecchie. io ho detto nel terzo libro, che co$a &egrave; proportione $e$quiottaua cio&egrave; quando il
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8950 piu contiene il meno una fiata, &amp; la $ua ottaua parte; come noue contiene otto. chi uuole adun-
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diff changeset
8951 que proportionare i $uoni, &egrave; nece$$ario proportionare gli $pacij, &amp; chi uuole proportionare gli $pa-
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diff changeset
8952 cij, bi$ogna che u$i i numeri, &amp; le loro ragioni, &amp; quella proportione, che &egrave; tra $pacio &egrave; $pacio,
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8953 $ar&agrave; anche da $uono a $uono: per&ograve; doue lo $pacio $ar&agrave; compartito in $e$quiottaua, ouero in altra
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8954 proportione di numeri, iui il $uono hauer&agrave; la i$te$$a comparatione. Volendo adunque fare che una
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8955 corda ri$ponda un tuono, partirai la $ua lunghezza in noue parti, &amp; ponerai lo $cabello $otto le
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8956 otto la$ciandoue una fuori, &amp; co$i hauendo toccato prima la corda uota, intiera, &amp; $enza $ca
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8957 bello, poi toccando quello $pacio dallo $cabello in poi, che &egrave; lungo otto parti, trouerai che ella
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8958 ti render&agrave; un tuono. $ia la corda tirata $opra un piano, a b, &amp; $ia diui$o $otto di quella il pia-
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8959 no $econdo la lunghezza della corda in noue parti, dico che la parte. c. b. che la$cia fuori una
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8960 delle noue parti, &amp; ne abbraccia otto, $oner&agrave; un tuono, con tutta la corda. Ma prima del tuo-
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8961 no ponemo l'uni$ono, che &egrave; lo i$te$$o, &amp; perpetuo tenore della uoce $enza a$ce$a, &amp; di$ce$a, come
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8962 hanno tutte le note, che $ono $opra la i$te$$a riga, o tra lo i$te$$o $pacio. la doue l'uni$ono non &egrave;
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8963 $pacio, ma fondamento de gli $pacij: come ut ut. re re. $opra una i$te$$a riga, ouero tra uno i$te$$o
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8964 $pacio. Ma il tuono &egrave; notato con la di$tanza, che &egrave; da una riga al $eguente $pacio, o per lo con-
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8965 trario, come dall'ut, al re, a$cendendo, ouero dal re, all'ut, de$cendendo: &amp; qui anche &egrave; ripre$o
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8966 Ari$toxeno, ilquale non u$a numeri nel notare le uoci per raccorre le proportioni, ma piglia la
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8967 loro differenza nel mezo, di modo, che egli pone la $peculatione non nelle uoci, ma in quello, in
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8968 che elle $ono differenti, co$a non bene con$iderata, credendo$i egli $apere la differenza di quelle
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8969 uoci, dellequali egli n&egrave; mi$ura, n&egrave; grandezza ritruoua, dando il tutto al giudicio delle orecchie.</I>
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8970 <pb n="232">
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8971 <I>Diuide egli il tuono in due parti eguali, &amp; que$te chiama $emituoni, &amp; non uede, che niuna pro-
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8972 portione $opr apartiente, come &egrave; quella, in che con$i$te il tuono, $i puo diuidere in due parti eguali.
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8973 poi che adunque il tuono non $i puo egualmente diuidere, egli $i partir&agrave; in due parti di$eguali,
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parents:
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8974 una dellequali $i chiama $emituono minore, &amp; die$i: l'altra $emituono maggiore, &amp; Apotome.
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8975 Il $emituono minore, &egrave; quella parte del tuono, per laquale, la proportione $e$quiterza, &egrave; mag gio-
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8976 re di due tuoni, cio&egrave; di due $e$quiottaue. Ecco lo e$$empio. Partirai lo $pacio della lungbezza
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8977 della corda, in quattro parti, &amp; al fine della prima $ottoponi lo $cabello, la corda intiera, con
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parents:
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8978 le tre parti $uonera una $e$quiterza, perche co$i &egrave; diui$o lo $pacio, dalla cui proportione (come
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8979 ho detto) deriua la proportione del $uono. $e adunque ponerai $opra la detta corda du&egrave; continua
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8980 ti tuoni, partendola come s'&egrave; detto di $opra, dico che lo $pacio, che $ar&agrave; dallo $cabello, doue &egrave;
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8981 $egnato il $econdo tuono, allo $cabello, doue &egrave; $egnata la $e$quiterza, ti $uoner&agrave; il $emituono,
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8982 che &egrave; $pacio come dalmi, al fa, &amp; co$i hauerai quattro termini. ut. re. mi. fa. &egrave; tre $pacij. l'uno
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8983 da ut. are. che &egrave; un tuono, l'altro da re, a mi, che &egrave; il $econdo tuono, &amp; il terzo, che &egrave; da mi. a
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8984 fa. che &egrave; un $emituono minore, o die$i, &amp; que$to &egrave; il Tetracordo del genere diatonico, che chiude
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8985 la con$onanza nata da proportione $e$quiterza, che i no$tri chiamano quarta, che $ale da ut. a fa.
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8986 per due tuoni, &amp; un $emituono minore. Ma il $emituono maggiore &egrave; lo re$tante del tuono, cio&egrave;
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8987 quello, che &egrave; piu della $e$quiterza al terzo tuono. per&ograve; ponerai $opra la corda tre continuati tuo-
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8988 ni, la$ciando la $e$quiterza al $uo luogo, &amp; hauerai dalla $e$quiterza al re$to del tuono il $emi-
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8989 tuono maggiore. Que$to nome adunque di $emituono non importa mezo tuono a punto, $i come
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8990 $emiuocale, non $i piglia per meza uocale a punto; ma perche &egrave; meno, &amp; non arriua allo e$$er
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8991 uocale, &amp; far uoce da $e, come fanno le uocali. Et que$to detto hauemo nel quarto libro, par-
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8992 lando delle $emimetope, &amp; de gli hemitriglifi. Dico poi, che il tuono &amp; $emituono, benche non
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8993 fanno Armonia, &amp; con$onanza, nientedimeno egli $i deue con$ider are l'uno, &amp; l'altro, s&igrave; perche
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8994 di$tingueno gli $pacij delle con$onanze, &amp; mi$urano i mezi Mu$icali, s&igrave; perche le $ode con$onanze
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8995 per l'uno, &amp; l'altro $i legano in$ieme, &amp; finalmente all'uno, &amp; all'altro $i attribui$ce la forza di
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8996 commouere gli affetti. I numeri d'un tuono $ono otto, &amp; noue. di due ottantauno. $ettanta due,
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8997 $e$$antaquattro. &amp; $i fanno moltiplicando otto in $e, noue in $e, &amp; otto in noue. I numeri di tre
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8998 tuoni $ono,</I> 729. 648. 576. 512. <I>moltiplicando</I> 81. 72. 64. <I>per noue. &amp;</I> 64. <I>per ot-
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diff changeset
8999 to. &amp; a que$to modo uanno i tuoni continuando con i numeri, ne i quali la proportione del mag-
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9000 giore al minore &egrave; $empre $e$quiottaua. tuono adunque &egrave; come da ut, are, da riga a $pacio, Ditono
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9001 come da ut. a mi. $alendo, &amp; da mi ad ut. di$cendendo da riga al $econdo $pacio; pure che non
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diff changeset
9002 ui $ia $emituono di mezo. que$io diletta alle orecchie, ma non &egrave; con$onanza; &amp; $i chiama terza
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9003 maggiore. Triemitonio come dare. a fa $alendo, &amp; chiama$i anche $e$quituono, &amp; &egrave; $pacio, che
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9004 abbraccia un tuono, &amp; un $emituono minore, non &egrave; con$onanza, perche le con$onanze, non $ono
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9005 in proportione $oprapartiente. &amp; il $e$quituono, (come $i dir&agrave; poi) &egrave; in tale proportione. Chia-
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9006 ma$i da no$tri terza minore. &amp; &egrave; lo $pacio da una riga all'altra, pur che tra mezo ui $ia un $emi-
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9007 tuono. Il $emituono maggiore (come ho detto,) &egrave; lo auanzo di tre $e$quiottaue leuatane la $e$-
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9008 quiterza, &amp; perci&ograve; &egrave; detto Apotome da Greci. &amp; &egrave; alieno dalgenere diatonico, perche non $i
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9009 admette nel componere, non hauendo luogo tra le corde. perche non puo ri$pondere ad alcuna
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9010 corda per fare alcuna con$onanza. Conuengono tutti i detti $pacij in que$to, che tutti $erueno
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9011 alla Mu$ica. il tuono, &amp; il $emituono $erueno per fondamenti alle legature de i Tetracordi. il Trie-
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9012 mitonio, &amp; il ditono, perche uanno ne i compartimenti de igeneri, &amp; perche dilettano l'udiio.
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9013 Dilettano molti $uoni, che non $ono con$onanze, come &egrave; la ter za maggiore, &amp; la terza minore,
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9014 &amp; la $e$ta minore fatta dal $emituono con la diapente. cio&egrave; con l'aggiunta d'un $emituono alla $e$-
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9015 quialtera, &amp; $i fa quando $i pa$$a da cia$cuna linea allo terzo $pacio, che contiene due $emituoni
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9016 minori, &amp; tre tuoni, come da mi, a fa cantati per la $e$ta. euui anche il tuono col diapente, che
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9017 pa$$a da cia$cuna linea, allo terzo $pacio, ma ui &egrave; $olo un $emituono, &amp; quattro tuoni, come da
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diff changeset
9018 ut, a la, cantati per la $e$ta. &amp; $i chiama $e$ta maggiore. euui anche la $ettima minore, che ab-</I>
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9019 <pb n="233">
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9020 <I><*>raccia due $emituoni minori, &amp; quattro tuoni, come da ut a mi, da uno $pacio al quarto $pa-
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9021 cio, ouero da una linea, alla quarta linea, ci $ono anche molti altri $pacij, piu pre$to collocati nel
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parents:
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9022 lo e$$ercitio, che nelle regole. come &egrave; la nona, la decima, la undecima, &amp; la duodecima: ma di
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9023 que$ti ne la$ciamo la cura ad altri. Delle con$onanze diremo poi.</I>
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9024 <fig>
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parents:
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9025 <p><I>Hauendo noi gettato i buoni fondamenti, e$poneremo Vitr. Dice egli, che diuer$e $ono le di$po-
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parents:
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9026 tioni de i Tetracordi, &amp; i compartimenti loro ne i tre generi, &amp; la ragione &egrave; que$ta, perche $ono
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parents:
diff changeset
9027 applicati &agrave; diuer$e intentioni, &amp; idee $econdo, le co$e, che $ono o ba$$e, o grandi, o mediocri.
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9028 Dichiara poila di$po$itione di cia$cuno, &amp; dice, che la di$po$itione del Tetracordo, nel genere
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9029 Armonico, che egli arm onia dimanda, contiene due die$i, &amp; due tuoni, &amp; s'intende a questo
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parents:
diff changeset
9030 modo, che la $alita dalla parte graue et ba$$a all'acuta, &amp; alta $i fa $alendo dalla met&agrave; d'un $e-
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parents:
diff changeset
9031 mituono, che fa lo primo $pacio, all'altra met&agrave;, che fa lo $econdo, &amp; da que$to $i $ale allo $pacio
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parents:
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9032 d'un Dituono; &amp; co$i que$to Tetracordo rinchiudeua la con$onanza diate$$a ron, che noi chiamia
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parents:
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9033 mo quarta. La ordinatione adunque del Tetracordo Armonico, fondata la prima uoce dalla par
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9034 te graue <*>a dalla proportione $e$quiquadrage$ima quinta, alla $e$quiuige$imaterza, &amp; indi alla
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9035 $e$quiquarta, &amp; ritorna per gli i$te$$i gradi, abbracciando il primo Tetracordo, &amp; que$to pro-
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parents:
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9036 cedere &egrave; $alendo dalla die$i, alla die$i, &amp; d'indi al ditono ne gli $pacij $uoi. &amp; quiui die$i &egrave; la me-
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parents:
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9037 t&agrave; del $emituono minore, che procede dal partire la differenza de gli e$tremi della $ua habitudine
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parents:
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9038 in modo, che la maggiore $ia alla parte piu alta, &amp; <*>a minore alla piu graue. La die$i in Greco
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parents:
diff changeset
9039 &egrave; detta anche Tetartemoria, &amp; per&ograve; Vitr. dice che la Die$i &egrave; la quarta parte del tuono, &amp; che</I>
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9040 <fig>
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parents:
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9041 <I>nel $emituono $ono due die$i. Ecco l'habitudine de gli estremi del $emituono minore,
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parents:
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9042 &egrave; tredici, perche il $emituono minore con$i$te nella proportione, che hanno questi
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parents:
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9043 numeri</I> 256. 243. <I>la differenza de i quali &egrave; tredeci. que$ta $i parte in due parti,
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9044 una maggiore che &egrave; di $ette, l'altra minore, che &egrave; di $ei, la maggiore $i pone alla
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9045 parte piu acuta, la minore alla piu graue. Vedi adunque quanto breui $ono gli $pa
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9046 cij dell'armonica melodia, che a pena $i po$$ono regolare dalla ragione, non che e$-
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9047 $er compre$i dal $en$o; &amp; per&ograve; egli non $i troua altro colore, o compartimento di
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9048 que$to genere, che'il predetto; per le ragioni de i minimi interualli. Ma $i puo di-
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9049 mandare, perche uogliamo, che die$i s'intenda per la met&agrave; del $emituono minore, &amp; non per la
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9050 met&agrave; del maggiore? io dico, che la con$onanza, che rende il Tetracordo, &egrave; la diate$$aron, cioe
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9051 la quarta, che &egrave; compre$a da due tuoni, &amp; da un $emituono minore. Il Tetracordo chromatico</I>
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parents:
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9052 <foot><I>GG</I></foot>
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parents:
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9053 <pb n="234">
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9054 <I>&egrave; compo$to di $pacij, che contengono il $em tuono minore, il maggiore, &amp; un $e$quituono, o Tri-
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parents:
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9055 hemituono. que$to perche ha le distanze, &amp; gli interualli maggiori, &amp; piu accommodati del
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9056 genere armonico, per&ograve; $opporta di hauere due colori. Nel primo, che $i da al chromatico pe-
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parents:
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9057 r&ograve; ne ha due. Nel primo, che $i da al chromatico piu molle, s'a$cende dalla $e$quiuige$ima $et-
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parents:
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9058 tima, per la $e$quiquarta decima alla $e$quiquinta, &amp; $i di$cende al contrario, &amp; tutta uia gli
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9059 e$lremi del Tetracordo rendeno la quarta, ne puo rendere altra con$onanza pa$$ando per que-
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9060 $ti interualli, come $i puo uedere dalle regole, che noi bauemo dato nel terzo libro, trattando
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9061 delle proportioni. Que$to tetracordo co$i compo$to, $i chiama mobile, imperoche &egrave; mutabile,
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9062 lamenteuole, &amp; affettuo$o. Nel $ccondo colore del detto genere chromatico, il partimento
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9063 piu acuto &egrave; quello, che dalla $e$quiuente$ima una, pa$$a per la $e$quiundecima, alla $e$qui$esta,
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9064 &amp; con que$to colore, che $i chiama, $intono, $i rinchiude mede$<*>namente la con$onanza predet-
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9065 ta; &amp; $i chiama $intono, ri$petto al molle, percioche &egrave; meno mutabile del molle, &amp; meno la-
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9066 menteucle, &amp; affettuo$o. &amp; qui $i deue con$ider are, come &egrave; nece$$ario $econdo le intentioni con-
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9067 $ertare le ordinanze, &amp; le $cale, accioche egli $i riporti quel uanto della Mu$ica, che diede tan-
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9068 to nome a gli antichi. $eguita il Tetracordo del genere diatonico; que$to perche ha gli $pacij mag
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9069 giori, $i puo in piu modi colorare: cinque adunque $ono i $uoi colori. il Molle, il piu tirato, l'egua-
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9070 le, il $intono, &amp; il diatonico. Nel primo, che e piu molle, &amp; rime$$o $i $ale dalla parte piu ba$
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9071 $a da una $e$qui$ettima, per una $e$qumona, ad una $e$quiuente$ima. &amp; $i chiama, molle, &egrave; rime$-
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9072 $o, perche tra i colori di que$to genere, rende un'habito, &amp; tiene una Idea piu temperata de gli
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9073 altri. Nel $econdo colore, che &egrave; piu tirato, ma non per&ograve; anchora ben gagliardo, s'incomincia
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9074 dalla $e$quiuige$ima $ettima, $i pa$$a per la $e$qui$ettima, n&egrave; puo far'altro, che $ia con$onante, che
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9075 una $e$quiottaua, &amp; $i chiama molle intento, perche tiene una uia di mezo tra'l molle preceden-
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9076 te, &amp; il $eguente, che &egrave; il terzo. Ilquale &egrave; quando la uoce hauendo gia il $uo primo luogo col
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9077 piu ba$$o $uono determinato $ale al $econdo con proportione $e$quiundecima, &amp; partendo s'inal-
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9078 za una $e$quidecima, &amp; ferma il $uono in una $e$quinona, n&egrave; puo fare altrimenti, s'egli deue ha-
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9079 uere con$onanza. &amp; chi non uede quanto $ia regolato il pa$$o, &amp; la $alita di que$ta $cala, $alen-
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diff changeset
9080 do per tre continuate proportioni? per&ograve; regolato, o per dir meglio eguale diatonico $i chiam&agrave;.
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9081 Il quarto colore di$egna, &amp; colori$ce que$to genere cominciando da una $e$quidecima quinta, &amp;
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9082 nella di$tanza di mezo forma una $e$quiottaua, terminando in una $e$quinona. Que$ti &egrave; $icuro, &amp;
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9083 forte, &amp; dinota habito ma$chio, &amp; molto inten$o, &amp; per&ograve; $i chiama $intonon. Il quinto final-
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9084 mente, perche abonda dituoni, $i chiama diatono, &amp; &egrave; di due tuoni, cio di due $e$quiottaue, &amp;
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9085 d'una die$i: &amp; que$to anche, &egrave; piu robu$to &amp; gagliardo di tutti gli altri. &amp; con que$te diui$ioni $i
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9086 conchiude il colore d'ogni genere uariato $econdo la intentione de i compo$itori. alche con gran-
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9087 de attentione bi$ogna auuertire, &amp; in ogni colore la ordinanza del Tetracordo $erra la diate$$a-
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9088 ron, cio&egrave; la quarta, con due tuoni, &amp; una Die$i. &amp; que$to &egrave; quello, che dice Vitru. che in tutti i
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9089 tre generi i Tetracordi $ono pareggiati di d<*> tuoni, &amp; un $emituono; &amp; le figure di quanto s'&egrave;
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9090 detto, con i loro numeri, $ono de$critte.</I>
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9091 <p>Ma quando i Tetracordi $ono con i termini di cia$cun genere $eparatamente con$ide-
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9092 rati, hanno di$simig lianti di$egnationi delle di$tanze.
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parents:
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9093 <p><I>Cio&egrave; la $omma de i Tetracordi &egrave; pareggiata: perche in ogni genere &egrave; compre$a la con$onanza
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9094 diate$$aron nel Tetracordo, ma differentemente $i $ale in cia$cuna alla diate$$aron, come $i &egrave; det-
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9095 to di $opra. conclude adunque dicendo.</I>
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diff changeset
9096 <p>La natura adunque ha diui$o nella uoce le di$tanze de i tuoni, &amp; de i $emituoni, &amp; dei
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9097 Tetracordi, &amp; ha finito le terminationi di quelli con mi$ure, con la quantit&agrave; de gli $pa-
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parents:
diff changeset
9098 cij; &amp; con modi certi di$tanti ha or dinato le qualit&agrave;, le quali u$ando anche gli artefici de
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9099 gli in$trumenti $econdo le co$e con$tituite dalla natura, apparecchiano le loro per$ettio-
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parents:
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9100 ni a' conuenienti con$erti di armonia.
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parents:
diff changeset
9101 <p><I>L'arte o$$eruando la natura ha ritrouato le con$onanze: &amp; gli artefici $econde quella fanno i</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
9102 <pb n="235">
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parents:
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9103 <fig>
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parents:
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9104 <I>loro in$trumenti. La natura ha dato il potere difare un tuono, &amp; un $emituono, ma l'arte ha
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parents:
diff changeset
9105 ritrouato in che proportione $ia l'uno, &amp; l'altro. La natura $econdo gli affetti $pontanamente
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parents:
diff changeset
9106 moue gli huomini, &amp; le uoci, ma l'arte ha compre$o con uie ragioneuoli, &amp; le quantit&agrave; &amp; le qua
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parents:
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9107 lit&agrave; de i $uoni, &amp; ha me$colato i generi, ritrouato le idee, appli cate le forme alla natura delle co
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parents:
diff changeset
9108 $e: &amp; que$to &egrave; quello, che Vitr. ha uoluto dire. $eguita poi &amp; dichiara i $uoni, &amp; i uocaboli loro,
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9109 &amp; altre co$e pertinenti al propo$ito no$tro.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
9110 <p>I $uoni, che Phtongi da Greci $i chiamano, $ono diciotto, de i quali otto $tanno $em-
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parents:
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9111 pre fermi i tutti i tre generi: ma gli altri dieci quando communemente $i cantano $ono
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parents:
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9112 in$tabili, &amp; uaganti. $tanti, &amp; fermi $ono quelli, che po$ti tra i mobili contengono la con
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parents:
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9113 giuntione del Tetracordo, &amp; per le differenze de i generi $tanno ne iloro termini perma-
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9114 nenti. &amp; $i chiamano in que$to modo A$$onto, primo de i primi, primo de i mezi, me-
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9115 zano, ultimo de i congiunti. pre$$o al mezano, ultimo de i di$giunti, ultimo de gli eccel-
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parents:
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9116 lenti. Mobili $ono quelli, che nel tetracordo tra gli $tabili $ono ne i generi di$po$ti, &amp; ne
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parents:
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9117 i luoghi fanno mutatione, &amp; $i chiamano in que$to modo, vicino al primo de' primi, indi-
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parents:
diff changeset
9118 ce de i primi, uicino al primo de i mezi, indice de i mezi, terzo de i congiunti, pre$$o al-
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parents:
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9119 l'ultimo de i congiunti, terzo de i di$giunti, pre$$o all'ultimo de i di$giunti, terzo delle
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parents:
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9120 eccellenti, pre$$o all'ultimo delle eccellenti.
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parents:
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9121 <p><I>A me pare che Vitr. poteua meglio ordinare questo $uo di$cor$o, perche adduce molte co$e,
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9122 prima che hanno bi$ogno dello intendimento di altro, che egli pone dapoi: per&ograve; noi procedere-
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9123 mo ordinatamente. Certo &egrave; che ogni ordinanza o $cala, o Si$tema, che $i dica, in mu$ica, &egrave; com-
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parents:
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9124 po$ta di $uoni. $uono &egrave; cadimento, o qualit&agrave; indiui$ibile della uoce, la cui quantit&agrave; o grandezza
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parents:
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9125 &egrave; certa, &amp; determinata, &amp; principio della melodia, &amp; in quello come nel proprio elemento ogni</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
9126 <foot><I>GG</I> 2</foot>
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parents:
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9127 <pb n="236">
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9128 <I>concento $iri$olue. De i $uoni altri $ono e$tremi, altr di mezo nelle ordinanze. De gli e$tremi altrl
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parents:
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9129 $ono graui$$imi, $otto i quali non $i ua piu ba$$o; altri acuti$$imi, $opra i quali piu alto non $i $ale
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parents:
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9130 nelle per$ette ordinanze. Di quelli di mezo $i puo dire, che $iano graui, &amp; acuti; graui ri$petto
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parents:
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9131 i piu alti, acuti ri$petto i piu ba<02>i. $ono adunque chiamati alti, &amp; ba<02>i in comparatione, come
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parents:
diff changeset
9132 tra gli elementi l'acqua ri$peito alla terra, &egrave; lieue, ri$petto all'aere &egrave; graue, &amp; co$i l'aere com-
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parents:
diff changeset
9133 parato all'acqua &egrave; lig gieri, comparato al fuoco &egrave; graue. ma la terra &egrave; graui<02>ima, &amp; il $uoco &egrave;
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parents:
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9134 leggieri<*>imo, perche a quella niente $ottogiace, a que$to niente $opra$t&agrave;. &amp; for$e da que$ta $imi-
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parents:
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9135 glianz a &egrave; $tata tratta la con$ideratione delle prime quattro uoci, o tuoni che fanno il Teira-
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parents:
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9136 cordo. I $uoni acuti na$ceno da ueloci &amp; $pe<02>i, igraui da, tardi et rari mouimenti: come per i$pe
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parents:
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9137 rienza $i proua, che una corda piu tirat a &egrave; piu ueloce, &amp; una piu rime$$a &egrave; piu tarda: $imilmen-
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parents:
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9138 te una corda tirata $i moue con piu $pe$$i mouime nti, che una rila$ciata. Et $e bene il mouimento
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parents:
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9139 pare un $olo, non &egrave; per&ograve; da credere, che egli $ia uno, ma molti, che per la grande pre$tezza del mo<*>
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9140 mento pareno uno: come che una continua ritondit&agrave; di fuoco, ci appare, quando una uerga acce$a
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parents:
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9141 da un capo &egrave; girata con gran celerit&agrave;. Hora dico, che i $uoni $ono quindici, noi chiamamo uoci,
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parents:
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9142 come &egrave; quando dicemo quattro uoci piu in $u, $ei uoci piu in giu, prender la uoce, dar la uoce, &amp;
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parents:
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9143 $imiglianti modi. Greci chiamano Phtongi, latini $uoni, dico adunque, che $ono quindici nella
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parents:
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9144 perfetta ordinanza, benche piu ne $iano, come $i uede nella mano, che pa$$a le uenti uoci, &amp; anche
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parents:
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9145 Vitr. ne pone diciotto; ma in che gui$a, io dir&ograve; poi. Cominciarono a quattro uoci o $uoni, &amp; fe
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parents:
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9146 cero (dir&ograve; co$i) un Tetracordo, la prima uoce, che &egrave; la piu ba$$a chiamarono $econdo che porta-
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parents:
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9147 ua la natura della co$a, Hipate, cio&egrave; prima, la $econda parbipate, cio&egrave; uicina alla prima, la
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parents:
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9148 terza, paranete, cio&egrave; penultima, &amp; la quarta, nete cio&egrave; ultima. ecco con quanta facilit&agrave; $en-
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parents:
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9149 za u$are i nomi delle lingue $trane, la ragione, anzi la natura c'in$egna a trouare i uocaboli del-
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9150 le co$e. ma per che pure $iamo obligati a gli antichi per la fatica, che banno fatto per noi nel tro-
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diff changeset
9151 uare &amp; aumentare le arti, &amp; le $cienze, per&ograve; dichiarando i loro o$curi uocaboli potremo ue-
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diff changeset
9152 dere la inuention loro, &amp; quella de i $ucce$$ori fin al tempo no$tro. Le quattro uoci adunque del
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parents:
diff changeset
9153 Tetracordo po$$ono e$$ere chiamate uolgarmente in que$to modo, prima, pre$$o prima, penu<*>i-
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parents:
diff changeset
9154 ma, &amp; ultima. Ma perche poi gli antichi non $i $ono fermati in un tetracordo, ma hanno ag-
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parents:
diff changeset
9155 giunto piu $uoni, portando co$i la natura delle co$e: per&ograve; per la diuer$a comparatione di quelli,
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parents:
diff changeset
9156 hanno formato diuer$i nomi di $uoni, finche dapoi l'hauer trouato, &amp; po$to in$ieme due, tre, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
9157 quattro tetracordi, hanno fatto una $cala, &amp; una ordinanza perfetta. chiamarono adunque
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parents:
diff changeset
9158 nella perfetta ordinanza il primo $uono, &amp; la prima uoce piu ba$$a, proslamuanomenos, cio&egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
9159 a$$onto, accettato ouero aggiunto appre$$o gli altri, perche non ha raccomunanza con alcuno de
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parents:
diff changeset
9160 i Tetracordi, ma &egrave; accettato di fuori accioche egli corri$ponda con la mezzana uoce dell'ordi-
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parents:
diff changeset
9161 nanza. Que$ta uoce &egrave; po$ta da i no$tri, in a. re. ma perche anche quelli ne hanno a$$onto un'al-
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parents:
diff changeset
9162 tra dalla parte piu ba$$a, l'hanno chiamata Gamma ut. $ignificandola con una lettera Greca,
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parents:
diff changeset
9163 accioche $i dinota$$e, che ancho da loro fo$$e $tata aggionta quella uoce, &amp; quel $uono alla Ma-
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parents:
diff changeset
9164 no, non u$ando quella lettera nelle altre uoci della loro ordinanza. &amp; $e Greci la haue$$ero a
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parents:
diff changeset
9165 chiamare per lo $uo nome potriano chiamarla epiproslamuanomenos: ouero hypoprolamuanome
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parents:
diff changeset
9166 nos, qua$i $otto l'a$$enta. Il $econdo $uono &egrave; detto hipaton. per&ograve; douemo $apere, che $e noi con
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parents:
diff changeset
9167 $ideramo &amp; ordinamo i Tetracordi $eparatamente, cia$cuno per $e &amp; non nella perfetta ordi-
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parents:
diff changeset
9168 <*>anza, &amp; compita $cala: $empre la prima corda, &amp; piu graue &egrave; chiamata bipate (come ho
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parents:
diff changeset
9169 detto) cio&egrave; principali, o prima: ma come $i mettono piu tetracordi in$ieme, la prima cor-
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parents:
diff changeset
9170 da ritiene il nome de hipate, ma $e le aggiugne un altro nome, cio&egrave; hipaton, a differenza
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parents:
diff changeset
9171 delle prime de i $eguenti tetracordi, &amp; $i chiama hipate hipaton, cio&egrave; prima delle prime,
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parents:
diff changeset
9172 &amp; co$i la $eguente $i chiama parhipate hipaton, cio&egrave; pre$$o prima delle prime, a differen-
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parents:
diff changeset
9173 za delle $econde de gli altri tetracordi. La terza &egrave; detta hiperparhipate, cio&egrave; $opra la uicina
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parents:
diff changeset
9174 all'bipate, percioche il $uono di que$ta, &egrave; piu alto della parhipate. chiama$i anche lichanos, cio&egrave;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
9175 indice: perche $i come il dito indice, ha di$tanza maggiore dal dito gro$$o, &amp; alcuna fiata mino-</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
9176 <pb n="237">
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parents:
diff changeset
9177 <I>re, che da gli altri, per que$ta $imiglianza la quarta corda, che &egrave; laterza de i tetracordi, po-
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parents:
diff changeset
9178 nendo la proslam anomenos per prima, hauendo hora maggiore $pacio, hora minore, $econd o
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9179 la diuer$it&agrave; delle armonie (come $i ueder&agrave; poi) $i chiama lichanos. Que$ta ne i Tetracordi $e-
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parents:
diff changeset
9180 parati $i chiamarebbe penultima, ma in que$ta ordinanza di piu tetracordi, &egrave; co$i chiamata dal
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parents:
diff changeset
9181 luogo, che ella tiene. La quinta $i chiama hipate me$on, cio&egrave; prima delle mezane. $i chi ma
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parents:
diff changeset
9182 prima, perche &egrave; la prima del $econdo Tetracordo. chiama$i delle mezane, perche il $econdo Te-
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parents:
diff changeset
9183 tracordo $i chiama mezano, perche &egrave; tra due Tetracordi; l'un &egrave; detto delle principali, &amp; pri-
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parents:
diff changeset
9184 me, ilquale $ta alla parte piu ba$$a, &amp; &egrave; quello alquale fin hora hauemo po$to le corde. L'altro
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parents:
diff changeset
9185 &egrave; delle congiunte (come diremo) che $ta alla parte piu alta. Ma perche non $i chiama questa
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parents:
diff changeset
9186 corda, nete, cio&egrave; ultima per e$$er l'ultima del primo Tetracordo, &amp; hipate cio&egrave; prima per e$$er
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parents:
diff changeset
9187 prima del $econdo Tetracordo? dico che $e que$to Tetracordo $i con$idera$$e da $e, &amp; non nella
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parents:
diff changeset
9188 perfetta ordinanza, co$i bi$ognerebbe chiamar l'ultima corda: ma con$iderando$i unitament<*>
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parents:
diff changeset
9189 con le altre, la non uiene ad e$$er la ultima, anzi la prima ri$petto al Tetracordo delle mezane:
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parents:
diff changeset
9190 era adunque nece$$ario per la aggiunta di altri Tetracordi, mutando$inouo ri$petto, &amp; noua con
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parents:
diff changeset
9191 $ideratione, mutare anche il nome alle prime: che in uero pare, che la natura habbia formato
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9192 que$ti nomi, n&egrave; altri nomi $i darebbono alle dette corde da gli piu ine$perti della Mu$ica, che dal
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parents:
diff changeset
9193 $ito loro, &amp; dall'ordine, che hanno: &amp; que$to dico, per che altri non $i merauiglino &amp; reputino
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parents:
diff changeset
9194 difficile la impo$itione de i nomi antichi. perche adunque i detti Tetracordi $ono uniti, in una or-
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parents:
diff changeset
9195 dinanza, &amp; le compar ationi de i $uoni &amp; delle corde $ono diuer$e, per&ograve; $i danno, (come ho det-
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parents:
diff changeset
9196 to) altri nomi a quelli Tetr acordi uniti, che $i darebbero $e fu$$ero po$ti da $e $te$$i. E$$endo
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parents:
diff changeset
9197 adunque nella perfetta ordinanza due ottocordi, l'uno alla parte piu ba$$a, &amp; l'altro alla parte
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parents:
diff changeset
9198 piu alta; &amp; e$$endo l'uno, &amp; l'altro di due Tetracordi compo$to: poi che il nome hipate &egrave; di$tri-
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parents:
diff changeset
9199 buito a i compartimenti piu ba$$i, $i come il nome di nete &egrave; dato a i termini piu alti; per&ograve; ad amen-
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parents:
diff changeset
9200 due i primi tetr acordi dalla parte piu ba$$a, $i danno i nomi pre$i dall'hipate; doue il primo Te-
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parents:
diff changeset
9201 tracordo piu graue &egrave; detto, il Tetracordo delle hipate, cio&egrave; delle principali. Et il $econ-
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parents:
diff changeset
9202 do &egrave; chiamato il Tetracordo delle mezane, &amp; la $ua prima corda, &egrave; detta hipate me-
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parents:
diff changeset
9203 $on, cio&egrave; prima delle mezane. Et con que$ti auuertimenti $i rende facile il restante. Per&ograve; la
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parents:
diff changeset
9204 $e$ta corda &egrave; detta Parhipate me$on, cio&egrave; uicina alla prima delle mezane, che &egrave; la $econda del $e
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parents:
diff changeset
9205 condo Tetracordo. La $ettima &egrave; detta hiperparhipate, qua$i $opra alla pro$$ima delle prime.
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parents:
diff changeset
9206 La ottaua &egrave; detta Me$e, cio&egrave; mezana, perche ueramente &egrave; nel mezo de i Tetracordi. Ma $e
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parents:
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9207 egli non $i anda$$e piu oltre, &amp; che $i rinchiude$$e, le uoci in uno ottocordo, ella $i chiamerebbe
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parents:
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9208 nete, cio&egrave; ultima. ma perche &egrave; fine del piu ba$$o, &amp; principio del piu alto ottocordo, &amp; &egrave; la piu
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parents:
diff changeset
9209 ba$$a di quello legando l'uno, &amp; l'altro in$ieme; per&ograve; &egrave; detta mezana, come termine commune a
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parents:
diff changeset
9210 due ottocordi, &amp; come legamento, &amp; come quella, che tiene eguali proportioni con gli e$tremi.
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parents:
diff changeset
9211 La nona &egrave; detta parame$on, dal $ito $uo, perche &egrave; uicina alla mezana, che &egrave; la $econda del Ter-
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parents:
diff changeset
9212 zo tetracordo. La decima &egrave; detta Trite diezeugmenon, cio&egrave; terza delle di$giunte, perche nello
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parents:
diff changeset
9213 in$trumento antico di $ette corde, ella era la terza in ordine all'ultima, &amp; era chiamata para-
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parents:
diff changeset
9214 me$e, cio&egrave; uicina alla mezana nel terzo Tetracordo, o nel $econdo ottocordo. Ma perche que-
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parents:
diff changeset
9215 $ta corda ri$petto all'ottocordo della parte piu alla &egrave; congiunta, &amp; ri$petto all'ottocordo della
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parents:
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9216 piu ba$$a &egrave; di$giunta, cio&egrave; ha collegatione con quella, &amp; con que$ta, per&ograve; $i chiama delle di$giun
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parents:
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9217 te, come $i dir&agrave; poi. L'undecima &egrave; detta paranete diezeugmenon, cio&egrave; uicina all'ultima delle di$-
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parents:
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9218 giunte, &amp; &egrave; l'ultima del terzo tetracordo detto delle di$giunte, &amp; prima del quarto Tetracordo
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9219 detto delle alti$$ime, o $oprane, &amp; eccellenti, perche appartiene alla parte piu alta. La duodeci-
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9220 ma &egrave; detta nete diezeugmenon, cio&egrave; ultima delle di$giuntte, perche &egrave; la quarta del terzo tetracor-
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parents:
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9221 do. la terza decima &egrave; detta Trite hiperbolcon, cio&egrave; terza delle eccellenti, perche &egrave; la terza in or
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parents:
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9222 dine dall'ultima posta nella parte piu acuta, &amp; &egrave; detta terza, per lo $ito. &amp; &egrave; detta delle eccel-
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parents:
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9223 lenti, perche &egrave; del quarto Tetracordo, che $i chiama delle eccellenti, &amp; alti$$ime uoci, che &egrave;
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9224 l'ultimo nella perfetta ordinanza. La quarta decima, &egrave; detta paranete hiperboleon, cio&egrave; penul</I>
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diff changeset
9225 <pb n="238">
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diff changeset
9226 <I>tima delle eccellenti, perche iui &egrave; collocata. La quinta decima &egrave; detta nete hiperboleon, cio&egrave; ul
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diff changeset
9227 tima delle eccellenti, oltra la quale non $i a$cende nella $alita delle uoci, nella perfetta ordinan-
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diff changeset
9228 za. Ma i moderni (come ho detto) chiamano $cala que$ta ordinanza, &amp; uanno ordinando le
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diff changeset
9229 uoci per gradi con alcune $yllabe, &amp; alcune lettere, &amp; dicono</I> <G>*g</G>. <I>ut. A. re B. mi. &amp; co$i uan-
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diff changeset
9230 no $eguitando. diuideno in quattro parti la loro $cala dando la prima al ba$$o, la $econda al teno-
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9231 re, la terza al contra alto, l'ultima al $oprano. &amp; co$i non pareno differenti da gli antichi. co-
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diff changeset
9232 me $e chiama$$ero il Ba$$o, Tetracordo delle prime; il tenore, Tetracordo della mezane; il
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diff changeset
9233 contraalto Tetracordo delle di$giunte; il $oprano, Tetracordo delle eccellenti. Ben &egrave; ue-
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diff changeset
9234 ro, che co$i chiaramente non e$primeno quc$ta intentione, perche diuideno la $cala in tre
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diff changeset
9235 ordinanze, &amp; gli danno piu gradi, &amp; chiamano chiaui i principij di quelle, a $imiglianza del-
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diff changeset
9236 le chiaui materiali, come quelle che apreno certe, &amp; determinate melodie, &amp; co$i manife$tano
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diff changeset
9237 tutta la ordinanza della $cala, come le chiaui nelle toppe riuoltate aprendo gli $crigni fanno ma-
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diff changeset
9238 nife$to quello, che &egrave; nafco$o di dentro. La onde anche nominarono le note col nome di chiaui,
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diff changeset
9239 con que$te lettere a. b. c. d. e. f. g. dicono, che delle chiaui altre $ono graui, altre mezane, altre
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9240 acute: le graui $ono quelle, che $i cantano con uoce graue, &amp; rime$$a, &amp; $i chiamano per que-
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diff changeset
9241 $to le chiaui del ba$$o. Et il canto cantato per quelle, $i chiama il ba$$o. $ono otto, &amp; $i $egna-
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9242 no con lettere maggiori. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. &amp; il G. del gamma ut. Le mezane $ono co$i dette,
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9243 perche hanno la uoce tra la ba$$a, &amp; la acuta, che $i danno al tenore, &amp; al contra alto, &amp; $o-
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9244 no $ette notate con lettere minori a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Le acute $ono quelle, per le quali $i canta con
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9245 acuta, &amp; alta uoce, &amp; $ono cinque, de$critte con lettere minori, ma doppie aa. bb. cc. dd. ee.
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9246 &amp; que$to s'&egrave; detto affine, che $i $appia, che $econdo diuer$a intentione $i uanno formando i nomi,
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9247 &amp; le or dinanze: per&ograve; gli antichi andorono fin a</I> 15. <I>uoci, perche quindi a punto chiudeno la con
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9248 $onanza detta diapa$on. i moderni $ono andati a uenti due ri$petto a gli in$trumenti, che po$$ono
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diff changeset
9249 $alire piu, che la uoce humana. Vitr. ne pone diciotto ri$petto alla compo$itione de i Tetracor-
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diff changeset
9250 di, de i quali dir&agrave; da poi: &amp; ha diui$o i $uoni in $uoni stabili, &amp; in $uoni mobili, &amp; ha dichiari-
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9251 to, quali $iano, &amp; come $i chiamano questi, &amp; quelli. In ogni genere $i pu&ograve; fare l'ordinanza
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9252 di que$ti $uoni. Stabili $ono quelli, che tra i quindici in ogni ordinanza di Mu$ica, $ia di qualun-
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9253 que genere o colore $i uoglia, fermi $tanno nel $uo tenore, &amp; grado, come termini delle con$o-
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parents:
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9254 nanze: perche le con$onanze $ono le i$te$$e in ogni genere: per&ograve; doueua Vitr trattare prima de i
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diff changeset
9255 $uoni, de gli $patij, de i generi, delle con$onanze, che toccare que$te co$e. Mobili &amp; mutabili
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9256 $ono quelli, che $econdo diuer$i generi, &amp; diuer$i colori $i mutano ne gli $patij loro, facendogli
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9257 maggiori, o minori, $econdo il genere, o il colore. Ecco tanto nel Tetracordo del genere chro-
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9258 matico, quanto de gli altri, gli e$tremi $ono stabili, perche $i ri$pondeno in con$onanza diate$$a-
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9259 ron; ma le uoci, &amp; i $uoni di mezo $i mutano $econdo i generi, perche l'Armonico ua da die$i a
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9260 die$i, il chromatico da $emituono a $emiluono, il diatonico da tuono a tuono.</I>
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9261 <pb n="239">
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9262 <HEAD><I>ARMONICVM. CHROMATICVM. DIATONICVM.</I></HEAD>
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9263 <TABLE>
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9264 <ROW><COL><I>Stabile.</I></COL><COL><I>Tuono.</I></COL><COL><I>Tuono.</I></COL><COL><I>Tuouo.</I></COL><COL><I>Pro$lamuanomenos.</I></COL><COL><I>A.re</I></COL></ROW>
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9265 <ROW><COL><I>Stabile.</I></COL><COL><I>Die$i.</I></COL><COL><I>Semituono.</I></COL><COL><I>Semit.</I></COL><COL><I>Hypate hypaton.</I></COL><COL><I>B.mi.</I></COL></ROW>
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9266 <ROW><COL><I>Mobile.</I></COL><COL><I>Die$i.</I></COL><COL><I>Semituono.</I></COL><COL><I>Tuono.</I></COL><COL><I>Parhypate hyparon.</I></COL><COL><I><*>.fa ut.</I></COL></ROW>
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9267 <ROW><COL><I>Mobile.</I></COL><COL><I>Ditono.</I></COL><COL><I>Trihemi Tuono</I></COL><COL><I>Tuono.</I></COL><COL><I>Lychanos, uel ditonohypat&omacr;.</I></COL><COL><I>D.$ol. re.</I></COL></ROW>
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9268 <ROW><COL><I>Stabile.</I></COL><COL><I>Die$i.</I></COL><COL><I>Semituono.</I></COL><COL><I>Semit.</I></COL><COL><I>Hypate me$on.</I></COL><COL><I>E. la. mi.</I></COL></ROW>
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9269 <ROW><COL><I>Mobile.</I></COL><COL><I>Die$i.</I></COL><COL><I>Semituono.</I></COL><COL><I>Tuono.</I></COL><COL><I>Perhypate me$on.</I></COL><COL><I>F. fa.ut.</I></COL></ROW>
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9270 <ROW><COL><I>Mobile.</I></COL><COL><I>Ditono.</I></COL><COL><I>Trihemit.</I></COL><COL><I>Tuono.</I></COL><COL><I>Lychanos uel diatonos me$on.</I></COL><COL><I>G.$ol. re.ut</I></COL></ROW>
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9271 <ROW><COL><I>Stabile.</I></COL><COL><I>Die$i.</I></COL><COL><I>Semit.</I></COL><COL><I>Semitu.</I></COL><COL><I>Me$e.</I></COL><COL><I>a. la. mi.re.</I></COL></ROW>
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9272 <ROW><COL><I>Mobile.</I></COL><COL><I>Die$i.</I></COL><COL><I>Semit.</I></COL><COL><I>Tuono.</I></COL><COL><I>Trite Sinimenon.</I></COL><COL><I>b. fa. b. mi.</I></COL></ROW>
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9273 <ROW><COL><I>Mobile.</I></COL><COL><I>Ditono.</I></COL><COL><I>Trihemit.</I></COL><COL><I>Tuono.</I></COL><COL><I>Paranete $ynimenon.</I></COL><COL><I>c. $ol fa.</I></COL></ROW>
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9274 <ROW><COL><I>Stabile.</I></COL><COL><I>Tuono.</I></COL><COL><I>Tuono.</I></COL><COL><I>Tuono.</I></COL><COL><I>Nete $inimenon.</I></COL><COL><I>d. la.$ol.</I></COL></ROW>
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9275 <ROW><COL><I>Stabile.</I></COL><COL><I>Die$i.</I></COL><COL><I>Semit.</I></COL><COL><I>Semitu.</I></COL><COL><I>Parame$e.</I></COL><COL><I>b. fa b. mi.</I></COL></ROW>
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9276 <ROW><COL><I>Mobile.</I></COL><COL><I>Die$i.</I></COL><COL><I>Semit.</I></COL><COL><I>Tuono.</I></COL><COL><I>Trite diezeugmenon.</I></COL><COL><I>c. $ol fa ut.</I></COL></ROW>
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9277 <ROW><COL><I>Mobile.</I></COL><COL><I>Ditono.</I></COL><COL><I>Trihemit.</I></COL><COL><I>Tuono.</I></COL><COL><I>Paranete diezeugmenon.</I></COL><COL><I>d. la $ol re.</I></COL></ROW>
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9278 <ROW><COL><I>Stabile.</I></COL><COL><I>Die$i.</I></COL><COL><I>Semit.</I></COL><COL><I>Semit.</I></COL><COL><I>Nete diezeugmenon.</I></COL><COL><I>e. la mi.</I></COL></ROW>
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9279 <ROW><COL><I>Mobile.</I></COL><COL><I>Die$i.</I></COL><COL><I>Semitu.</I></COL><COL><I>Tuono.</I></COL><COL><I>Trite hyperboleon.</I></COL><COL><I>F.fa ut.</I></COL></ROW>
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9280 <ROW><COL><I>Mobile.</I></COL><COL><I>Ditono.</I></COL><COL><I>Trihem.</I></COL><COL><I>Tuono.</I></COL><COL><I>Paranete hyperboleon.</I></COL><COL><I>g.$ol re ut</I></COL></ROW>
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9281 <ROW><COL><I>Stabile.</I></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL><I>Nete hyperboleon.</I></COL><COL><I>A la mi re.</I></COL></ROW>
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9282 </TABLE>
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9283 <p>Ma i $uoni mobili $ogliono riceuere altre uirt&ugrave;, perche hanno gli $patij, &amp; le di$tanze
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9284 cre$centi. La pro$sima alla prima adunque, detta parhypate, che nello armonico &egrave; di-
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9285 $tante dalla prima una die$i, nel chromatico &egrave; di$tante per un $emituono, &amp; nel diatonico
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9286 dalla prima per tre $emituoni, &amp; con le dieci uoci, per li traportamenti loro ne i generi
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9287 fanno una uariet&agrave; di canto di tre maniere.
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9288 <p><I>Lo e$$empio &egrave; chiaro, &amp; la figura di $opra lo fa piu chiaro. Seguita adunque.</I>
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9289 <p>Cinque $ono i tetracordi, il primo graui$simo detto Hypaton da Greci. il $econdo
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9290 mezano, che $i chiama me$on. Il terzo congiunto, chiamato $ynemmenon. Il quarto
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9291 di$giunto nominato diezeugmenon, il quinto, che &egrave; a cuti$simo $i dice hyperboleon
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9292 <pb n="240">
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9293 <p><I>Il Tetracordo delle prime detto</I>
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parents:
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9294 <p><I>Hypaton, che &egrave; alla parte piu graue &egrave;</I>
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parents:
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9295 <p><I>Hypate hypaton.</I>
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diff changeset
9296 <p><I>Parhypate hypaton.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9297 <p><I>Lichanos hypaton.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9298 <p><I>Hypate me$on.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9299 <p><I>Il Tetracordo delle mazan detto Me$on &egrave;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9300 que$to.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9301 <p><I>Hypate me$on.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9302 <p><I>Parhypate me$on.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9303 <p><I>Lychanos me$on.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9304 <p><I>Me$e.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9305 <p><I>Il Tetracordo delle congiunte, detto $ynem-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9306 nunon &egrave; que$to.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9307 <p><I>Trite $ynezeugmenon.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9308 <p><I>Paranete $ynezeugmenon.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9309 <p><I>Nete $ynezeugmenon.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9310 <p><I>Il Tetracordo delle di$giunte detto diezeugme-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9311 non &egrave; que$to.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9312 <p><I>Parame$e.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9313 <p><I>Trite diezeugmenon.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9314 <p><I>Paranete diezeugmenon.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9315 <p><I>Nete diezeugmenon.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9316 <p><I>Il Tetracordo delle eccellenti, &amp; $opra acute det
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9317 to hyperboleon, &egrave; que$to.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9318 <p><I>Nete diezeugmenon.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9319 <p><I>Trite hyperboleon.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9320 <p><I>Paranete hyperboleon.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9321 <p><I>Nete hyperboleon.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9322 <p><I>Congiuntione &egrave; quando $i truoua un $uono commune a due Tetracordi, continuati, &amp; $rmili $e
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9323 condo la figura. Di$giuntione, &egrave; quando tra due. continuati Tetracordi, &amp; $imili in figura, &egrave;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9324 trapo$to un tuono. non niego per&ograve;, che egli non $i po$$a truouare alcune ordinanze communi,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9325 che alcuna fiata $econdo la congiuntione, alcuna fiata $econdo la di$giuntione non $i facciano.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9326 Tutte le congiuntioni nella immutabile ordinanza $ono due, la graue, &amp; l'acuta. La graue, &egrave; del
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9327 Tetracordo delle prime, &amp; delle mezanc; l'acuta &egrave; del Tetracordo delle di$giunte, &amp; delle eccel
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9328 lenti. Nella graue l'hypate prima delle mezane, &egrave; il tenore, o $uono commune della congiuntio
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9329 ne come qu&igrave;.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9330 <p><I>Hypate hypaton.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9331 <p><I>Parhypate hypaton.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9332 <p><I>Lychanos hypaton.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9333 <p><I>tetracordo.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9334 <p><I>Hypate me$on. Congiuntione.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9335 <p><I>Parhypate me$on.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9336 <p><I>Lychanos me$on.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9337 <p><I>Me$e.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9338 <p><I>tetracordo.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9339 <p><I>Ma la di$giuntione &egrave; una fatta da un tuono</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9340 <p><I>Compre$o dalla mezana, &amp; dalla uicina al-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9341 la mezana.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9342 <p><I>Hypate me$on.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9343 <p><I>Parhypate me$on.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9344 <p><I>Lychanos me$on.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9345 <p><I>Me$e.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9346 <p><I>Parame$e.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9347 <p><I>di$giuntione.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9348 <p><I>Trite diezeugmenon.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9349 <p><I>Paranete die zeug.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9350 <p><I>Nete diezeugm.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9351 <p><I>Ma nella acuta &egrave; la nete delle di$giunte, la quale in quel ca$o muta il nome. &amp; per que$to $o-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9352 no oltra i quindici, quelli tre $uoni, che fanno diciotto, che $ono trite, paranete, &amp; nete $ine-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9353 zeugmenon.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9354 <p>Le con$onanze, che l'huomo pu&ograve; naturalmente cantare, &amp; che in Greco $i chiamano
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9355 $imfonie $ono $ei. Diate$$aron, diapente, diapa$on, diapa$on con diate$$aron, diapa-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9356 $on con diapente, di$diapa$on.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9357 <p><I>Con$onanza, &egrave; temperato me$colamento di $uoni acuti, &amp; graui, che dolcemente uiene alle
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9358 orecchie, nata da proportione o moltiplice, o $opraparticolare. La con$onanza a due modi s'in-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9359 tende, ouero in ri$petto di que $uoni, che dilettano $olamente, &amp; non peruengono alla perfettione
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9360 delle con$onanze, come i gia detti, che $i chiamano Emmeli in Greco, cio&egrave; atti alla melodia, i
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9361 contrari de i quali $ono detti Ecmeli, cio&egrave; fuori di melodia, che non $i portano dolcemente alle
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9362 orecchie; Ouero ri$petto alla con$onanza maggiore, che contiene tutte le altre. Le uere con$o-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9363 nanze, o $ono $implici, ouero compo$te. le $implici $ono tre, la diate$$aron po$ta in proportione
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9364 $e$quiterza: la diapente po$ta in proportione $e$quialtera, la diapa$on po$ta in proportione dop
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9365 pia. non &egrave; per&ograve; nece$$ario, che da tutte le $emplici proportioni uenghino le $emplici con$onanze,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9366 imperoche dalle $oprapartienti no <*> uengono con$onanze. Le compo$te $ano diapa$on con diapen-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9367 te, diapa$on con diate$$ar on, di$diapa$on. Hora e$poneremo cia$cuna d'e$$e. la diate$$aron da noi</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9368 <pb n="241">
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9369 <I>$i chiama quarta, abbraccia (come detto hauemo) due tuoni, &amp; un $emituon minore, $alta da
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
9370 qual riga $i uuole al $econdo $patio, ouero da qualunque $patio alla $econda riga abbracciando
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9371 quattro gradi di uoce, &amp; &egrave; po$ta in proportione $e$quiterza, come ho detto. La diapente &egrave; det-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9372 ta quinta: &amp; $ale da cia$cuna riga alla terza, &amp; da cia$cuno $patio al ter zo per cinque gradi di
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
9373 uoce: &amp; &egrave; po$ta in proportione $e$quialtera. Et per&ograve; $i come la quarta $i pone $opra la corda par
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
9374 tendola in quattro $patij, &amp; la$ciandone uno fuori, co$i la quinta $i pone partendo la corda in tre
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9375 $patij, &amp; la$ciandone uno fuori: Et finalmente ogni co$a, che puo far $uono, neruo, o canna, o
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9376 $ia qual $i uoglia materia, quando $ia, che uogliamo farla rendere qualche con$onanza. bi$o-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9377 gna proportionare la grandezza, o gli $patij $uoi con quella ri$pondenza, che ricerca quella con-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9378 $onanza, che uolemo. Et con quelle regole gli artefici de gli organi reggendo$i, non andereb beno
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9379 a ca$o, come uanno la piu parte di loro a fure gli in$trumenti: ma $apendo ritrouare le linee propor
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9380 tionali ritrouarebbeno al primo tratto le grandezze delle lor canne, o non anderebbeno ad orec-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9381 chie come uanno, o con le mi$ure, &amp; $acome ritrouate da altri. Hor al propo$ito; $i come la quar
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9382 ta non arriua a tre tuoni, &amp; &egrave; piu d'un ditono, per lo $patio d'un $emituono minore, &amp; piu d'un
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
9383 $e$quituono, per lo $patio d'un tuono intiero, &amp; occupa $ei die$i, &amp; due comme: co$i la quinta &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
9384 di tre tuoni, &amp; d'un $emituon minore, &amp; $e egli $e le leua un tuono, re$ta la quarta; &amp; leuatole
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diff changeset
9385 la quarta, re$ta un tuono. Et $tando que$te co$e $i puo di$correre, &amp; trouare, che la diapente o
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diff changeset
9386 quinta, &egrave; meno di otto $emituoni minori, &amp; che $i fa d'un ditono, &amp; d'un $e$quituono: &amp; che
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parents:
diff changeset
9387 la differenza, che &egrave; tra la diapente, &amp; la diate$$aron non &egrave; altro, che un tuono. Le predette
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diff changeset
9388 due con$onanze po$te $ono nelle maggiori $opraparticolari, che $iano, che $ono la $e$quialtera,
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parents:
diff changeset
9389 &amp; la $e$quiterza. Oltra di que$to n&egrave; due diate$$aron, n&egrave; due diapente po$$ono far con$onanza,
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parents:
diff changeset
9390 perche non $ono in proportione moltiplice o $opraparticolare, nelle quali hauemo detto e$$er po$te
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diff changeset
9391 le con$onanze. ma $ono in proportione $oprapartiente, dalla quale non puo uenire alcuna con$onan
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parents:
diff changeset
9392 za: &amp; la ragione &egrave; que$ta. Le con$onanze $i truouano in quelle comparationi d'altezza, &amp; di
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diff changeset
9393 ba$$ezza di uoci, che hanno manife$ta la loro commune mi$ura, come nelle moltiplici la doppia,
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diff changeset
9394 quella parte &egrave; mi$ura, che tra due termini &egrave; po$ta per differenza, $i come tra due, &amp; quattro il
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parents:
diff changeset
9395 due mi$ura l'uno, &amp; l'altro, tra'l noue, &amp; l'otto; l'unit&agrave; &egrave; mi$ura, come nelle $opraparticolari
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parents:
diff changeset
9396 $i truoua nella $e$quialtera tra quattro, &amp; $ei, il due &egrave; commune, &amp; manife$ta mi$ura dell'uno,
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diff changeset
9397 &amp; dell'altro: come del $ei, &amp; dell'otto, che $ono in proportione $e$quiterza. &amp; que$to non adi-
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parents:
diff changeset
9398 uiene nelle $oprapartienti, come tra cinque e tre, il due, che &egrave; la loro differenza, non mi$ura
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parents:
diff changeset
9399 n&egrave; l'uno n&egrave; l'altro: perche $e egli $i piglia una fiata due, non arriua al tre, $e due fiate lo pa$$a,
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9400 ma non arriua al cinque, $e tre fiate pa$$a il cinque. Il $imigliante $i uede nel re$tante delle $opra
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parents:
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9401 partienti. La diapa$on da moderni &egrave; detta ottaua, &amp; &egrave; po$ta in proportione doppia, $i che tut-
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parents:
diff changeset
9402 ta la corda alla met&agrave; $uona la ottaua. $ale da una riga, al quarto $patio, o da uno $patio alla quar
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parents:
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9403 ta riga. &egrave; detta diapa$on, cio&egrave; per tutte, imperoche ella abbraceia tutti gli $patij $oprapo$ti delle
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parents:
diff changeset
9404 con$onanze: &amp; &egrave; termine delle $emplici. Se noi continuaremo cinque tuoni $opra la corda, non
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parents:
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9405 aggiugneremo alla mei&agrave;; $e ne poneremo $ei, pa$$aremo la met&agrave;: per&ograve; la diapa$on, &egrave; piu di cin-
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parents:
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9406 que, &amp; meno di $ei tuoni. na$ce dalla $e$quialtera, &amp; dalla $e$quiterza, come hauemo detto nel
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parents:
diff changeset
9407 terzo libro. La ottaua adunque &egrave; di cinque tuoni, &amp; due $emituoni minori: cade da $ei tuon&igrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
9408 per un Comma, che &egrave; quello di piu, che un $emituono maggiore eccede il minore; &amp; leuando dal-
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parents:
diff changeset
9409 la detta la diate$$aron resta la diapente: come leuandone la diapente re$ta la diate$$aron: &amp; le-
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parents:
diff changeset
9410 uandone un tuono, &amp; la diapente ne re$ta un $e$quituono. Douemo $apere, che niuna $emplice
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parents:
diff changeset
9411 con$onanza $i puo partire in due parti eguali, con certo, &amp; determinato numero, ilche &egrave; chiaro
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9412 nella diapente, &amp; nella diate$$aron, perche $ono in proportione $opraparticolare, la quale non $i
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parents:
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9413 puo egualmente partire. Simile giuditio $i far&agrave; della diapa$on, perche e$$endo i due minimi nu-
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parents:
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9414 meri di quella con$onanza uno, &amp; due, &amp; non e$$endo il due numero quadrato; $eguita, che la
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parents:
diff changeset
9415 diapa$on, che con$i$te nella proportione di due ad uno, non $i po$$a egualmente diuidere, n&egrave; me-
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9416 no in piu di due, perche egli &egrave; $tato prouato nell' Arithmetica, che tra due quadrati numeri pro-</I>
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parents:
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9417 <foot><I>HH</I></foot>
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parents:
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9418 <pb n="242">
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9419 <I>portionalmenteui cade un mezo, &amp; altroue &egrave; $tato detto, che ignote, &amp; irrationali $ono quellera
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parents:
diff changeset
9420 gioni, che non $i po$$ono con certo, et determinato numero di$egnare. Quando adunque noto $ia nel
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9421 l'Aritbmetica, che dal moltiplicare d'un numero non quadrato in uno, che &egrave; quadrato, il prodotto
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parents:
diff changeset
9422 non $ia quadrato, &amp; doue que$to n&omacr; &egrave;, non $i po$$a truouare un mezo proportionato, tra que due nu
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parents:
diff changeset
9423 meri: $eguita, che niuna proportione $i truoui di mezo tra le moltiplici: hauendo chiaro nella
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parents:
diff changeset
9424 Arithmetica, che la mediet &agrave; non &egrave; altro che uno legamento de gli e$tremi per la comparatione,
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parents:
diff changeset
9425 che ha l'uno, &amp; l'altro al mezo. La diate$$aron, &amp; diapente, &egrave; con$onanza compo$ta, &amp; &egrave;
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parents:
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9426 una, &amp; non due con$onanze; &amp; $i chiama undecima. Altri uogliono, che non $ia con$onanza,
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parents:
diff changeset
9427 $e ben uiene $oaui$$imamente alle orecchie. Et $tando que$to, che ogni con$onanza $ia in propor-
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parents:
diff changeset
9428 tione moltiplice, o $opraparticolare, &amp; non trouando$i que$ta in alcuna $pecie di quelle, ella non
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parents:
diff changeset
9429 $ar&agrave; con$onanza ecco $ia a per</I> 1 <I>&amp; b per</I> 2 <I>minimi numeri della diapa$on. Sia c per</I>
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parents:
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9430 4. <I>&amp; d. per tre minimi numeri della diate$$aron. moltiplico c. in e. cio&egrave; quattro in due ne
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parents:
diff changeset
9431 uiene</I> 8. <I>&amp; $ia que$to e. moltiplico b in d cio&egrave; tre in uno, il prodotto &egrave;</I> 3. <I>$ia que$to f.
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parents:
diff changeset
9432 certo &egrave;, che e ad f contiene una doppia, &amp; una $e$quiterza: perche $e una proportione aggiu
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parents:
diff changeset
9433 gner&agrave; tanto $opra un'altra, quanto la terza $opra la quarta, ne na$cer&agrave;, che la compo$ta della
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parents:
diff changeset
9434 prima, &amp; della quarta $ar&agrave; eguale alle compo$te delle altre. Sia adunque, che quanto la pro-
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parents:
diff changeset
9435 portione tra</I> 1 <I>&amp;</I> 2 <I>aggiugne $opra la proportione tra</I> 3 <I>&amp;</I> 4 <I>tanto aggiunga la propor-
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parents:
diff changeset
9436 tione, che &egrave; tra</I> 2 <I>&amp;</I> 4 <I>alla proportione, cho &egrave; tra</I> 8 <I>&amp;</I> 6 <I>dico, che la proportione com-
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parents:
diff changeset
9437 po$ta delle proportioni di</I> 1 <I>&agrave;</I> 2 <I>&amp; di</I> 6 <I>ad otto, $ar&agrave; eguale alla proportione delle altre com
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parents:
diff changeset
9438 po$te, cio&egrave; del</I> 3 <I>&amp;</I> 4 <I>&amp; del</I> 2 <I>&amp;</I> 4 <I>come $i proua nell' Arithmetica. Hora dico per
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parents:
diff changeset
9439 que$to, che lo e. che &egrave;</I> 8 <I>non &egrave; moltiplice allo f. che &egrave;</I> 3 <I>n&egrave; meno $opraparticolare, come
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parents:
diff changeset
9440 $i uede. non &egrave; adunque il diapa$on con diate$$aron con$onanza. Seguita la diate$$aron con dia-
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parents:
diff changeset
9441 pente chiamata duodecima, &amp; &egrave; una $ola con$onanza po$ta in proportione tripla, perche na$ce
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parents:
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9442 da una doppia, &amp; da una $e$quialtera. Sopra la predetta con$onanza &egrave; la diapa$on diapente, con
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9443 un tuono, che per non e$$ere tra quelle proportioni, che fanno le con$onanze non $i puo chiamare
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parents:
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9444 con$onanza, ma per&ograve; il $en$o $e ne diletta, perche peruiene alle orecchie con $oauit&agrave;. Finalmen
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parents:
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9445 te la di$diapa$on &egrave; la quint adecima, po$ta in proportione quadrupla fatta di due doppie: nella
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9446 quale da gli antichi, &egrave; po$to il termine della perfetta ordinanza, &amp; l'ultimo grado della uoce.
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9447 Ma poi che hauemo truouato tutte le con$onanze, uediamo come $i po$$ono ordinatamente ponere
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9448 $opra la data corda. Sia partita la corda a b in quattro $patij eguali, $egna lo $patio quarto,
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9449 <*> &amp; da quello partendoti uer$o b tanto, che truoui lo terzo $patio della corda, &amp; $ia iui d.
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9450 d'indi partendoti pur uer$o b. troua la met&agrave; della corda, &amp; $egna e. d'indi poi alli due terzi
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9451 $egna f. &amp; in $omma alli tre quarti $egna g. dico, che hauerai partita la corda $econdo le det-
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parents:
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9452 te con$onanze perche a b &amp; c b $uoner&agrave; la diate$$aron a b &amp; d b la diapente a b &amp;
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9453 e b la diapa$on a b &amp; f b la diapa$on diapente a b &amp; g b la di$diapa$on. Et $e uuoi
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parents:
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9454 dimo$trare con numeri que$to compartimento, diuiderai la corda in uentiquattro $patij ponendo
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9455 que$ti numeri al luogo $uo</I> 6 8 12 16 18 <I>&amp; trouerai que$te con$onanze come ti mo$tra la $i
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diff changeset
9456 gura, la$ciando le lettere in luogo delle quali $ono i numeri</I> 6 <I>in luogo di c.</I> 8 <I>in luogo di d.</I>
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diff changeset
9457 12 <I>in luogo di c.</I> 16 <I>in luogo di f.</I> 18 <I>in luogo di g. &amp; gli e$tremi in luogo di a &amp; di b.</I>
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diff changeset
9458 <fig>
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diff changeset
9459 <pb n="243">
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diff changeset
9460 <fig>
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diff changeset
9461 <p>Et per&ograve; dal numero hanno pre$o i nomi di quelle: percioche quando la uoce $i ferma
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diff changeset
9462 in una terminatione di $uoni, piegandoli da quella $i muta, &amp; peruiene alla quarta $ua ter-
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diff changeset
9463 minatione. La con$onanza &egrave; chiamata diate$$aron. &amp; terminando nella quinta Diapen-
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diff changeset
9464 te, nella ottaua diapa$on, nelle otto &amp; meza diapa$on, &amp; diate$$aron. nelle noue &amp; meza
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diff changeset
9465 diapa$on, &amp; diapente, nella quinta decima, di$diapa$on, perche egli non $i puo fa-
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diff changeset
9466 re con$onanze quando tra due $pacij, o nella terza, o nella $e$ta, o nella $ettima, il $uo-
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diff changeset
9467 no delle corde, ouero il canto della uoce $ar&agrave; formato. Ma come di $opra hauemo $crit-
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parents:
diff changeset
9468 to, la diate$$aron, &amp; la diapente hanno i loro termini conuenienti, dalla natura della uo-
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diff changeset
9469 ce conforme nell'ordine alla di$diapa$on, &amp; i concenti na$ceno dalla congiuntione de i
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diff changeset
9470 $uoni phthongi da Greci nominati-
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parents:
diff changeset
9471 <p><I>L'ordine della di$diapa$on, che &egrave; la quintadecima, &amp; &egrave; la perfetta con$onanza, come quella,
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parents:
diff changeset
9472 che abbraccia ne gli $uoi $pacij, &amp; contiene $otto di $e tutte le altre, fa che i termini della diate$-
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diff changeset
9473 $aron, &amp; della diapente $iano po$ti, la doue $ono: &amp; finalmente tutti i gradi $i riferi$ceno a quel
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diff changeset
9474 la intentione di peruenire alla quint adecima. Et qui $ia fine del trattamento Mu$icale, quanto
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9475 puo ba$tare allo intendimento di Vitru. n&egrave; in altro uolemo riprendere Ari$toxeno, che for$e ha
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9476 hauuto altre intentioni, che non $ono co$i compre$e, &amp; per que$to pareno ad alcuni imperfette.</I>
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9477 <HEAD><I>Deiua$i del Theatro. Cap. V.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
9478 <p>ET co$i da $i<*>iglianti inue$tigationi con Mathematici di$cor$i $i fanno i ua$i
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diff changeset
9479 di rame $econdo la grandezza del Theatro, &amp; quelli $i fanno in modo, che
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diff changeset
9480 quando $ono toccati po$$ono fra $e rendere la diate$$aron, &amp; la diapeute in
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9481 ordine alla di$diapa$on. Dapoi tra le $edi del Theatro con ragione di Mu$i-
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9482 ca $i deono collocare nelle celle a que$to fine apparecchiate, ma di modo, che non toc-
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9483 chino alcun parete, &amp; habbiano d'intorno il luogo uuoto. &amp; dalla $ommit&agrave; del capo loro
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9484 habbiano $pacio, &amp; $iano riuolti in giu, &amp; habbiano da quella parte, che riguarda i Thea-
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9485 tri, i cunei $ottopo$ti. $iano di ferro quelli cunei, n&egrave; meno alti di mezo piede. &amp; all'in-
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9486 contro di quelle celle la$ciate $iano le apriture a i letti de i gradi inferiori lunghe due pie-
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parents:
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9487 di, alte mezo.
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9488 <p><I>Poi che $ap emo in che proportione con$i$ta ogni con$onanza, uolendo noi preparare que ua$i
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9489 di rame, che u$auano gli antichi di di$porre ne i Theatri, accioche la uoce piu chiaramente, &amp;</I>
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parents:
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9490 <foot><I>HH</I> 2</foot>
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9491 <pb n="244">
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parents:
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9492 <I>con $oauit &agrave; fu$$e udita. Vitr. prima dice come $i hanno a ri$pondere in con$onanza l'uno, all'altro,
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9493 poi come $i hanno a porre, &amp; che effetto facciano. Quanto adunque allo accordargli, dice che
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9494 bi$ogna fargli in modo, che quando $ono tocchi o dalla uoce, o da altra co$a, rendino fra $e le
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parents:
diff changeset
9495 dette con$onanze, diate$$aron, &amp; diapente, con que$ta conditione, che l'una, &amp; l'altra $iano or-
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parents:
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9496 dinate alla di$diapa$on; ma egli non dice il modo di proportionare que ua$i, $i che rendino que$te
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parents:
diff changeset
9497 con$onanze: per&ograve; bi$ogna quiui porui del buono, &amp; $apere le proportioni de i corpi, cioe come
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9498 uno corpo $ia ri$petto ad un' altro, o in doppia, o in $e$quialtera, ouero in $e$quiter za proportio-
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9499 ne. perche come ho detto piu uolte, quella proportionc, che &egrave; tra $pacio, e $pacio, &amp; tra corpo, e
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parents:
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9500 corpo, &egrave; anche tra $uono, &amp; $uono, quando $ia che quelli $pacij, o que corpi po<02>ino render $uo-
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9501 no. Que$ta pratica dipende dal $apere truouare tra due linee due altre di mezo proportionali,
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9502 ilche come $i faccia, $i dimo$tra da noi diffu$amente nel nono libro. Proportionati, che $aranno
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9503 que corpi de i ua$i; bi$ogna preparare il luogo doue hanno a $tare. que$ti luoghi $ono da Vitru.
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9504 celle nominati, &amp; que ua$i deono e$$er dirame, perche &egrave; materia, che ha piu dello aere, &amp; ri-
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diff changeset
9505 $uona bene, &amp; perche il $uono ci uenghi piu chiaro bi$ogna, che non tocchino da alcuna parte
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9506 o muro, o altro, che impedi$ca il $uono, &amp; che $iano uacui, &amp; che dalla $ommit&agrave; del capo loro
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parents:
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9507 habbiano $pacio, perche meglio u'entri la uoce, &amp; $iano riuolti in giu con le bocche loro, perche
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parents:
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9508 la uoce $ottentri, dico riuolti $i, che $tiano come di$te$i. &amp; perche quelli deono e$$ere $o$tentati
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9509 in qualche modo, non potendo $tare in aere come la arca di Maumeth: per&ograve; da quella parte, che
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parents:
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9510 rig uarda i Theatri habbiano i cunei $ottopo$ti, $i che non $iano $o$pe$i come le campane, ma $ia-
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parents:
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9511 no $opra cunei di ferro non meno alti dimezo piede, per dare $pacio $otto i ua$i, accioche non toc
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parents:
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9512 chino da alcuna parte. &amp; all'incontro di quelle celle dentro lequali deono $tare que ua$i, $iano la-
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parents:
diff changeset
9513 $ciate le apriture a i letti de i gradi inferiori, lunghe due piedi, alte mezo. co$i credo io per dar
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9514 luogo alle bocche di que ua$i riuolte uer$o il Theatro. &amp; che que cunei $iano uicini alla bocca,
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9515 per che non tocchino il corpo del ua$o.</I>
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9516 <p>Ma in che luogo eg li $i habbia a di$egnar le celle, co$i &egrave; nece$$ario di dichiarire. Se
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9517 il Theatro non $ar&agrave; molto ampio, &amp; grande, $ia di$egnata l'altezza di mezo per trauer$o,
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9518 &amp; in quella $iano a uolti fatte tredici celle, di$tanti per li do dici $pacij eguali, in modo, che
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parents:
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9519 que $uoni, che $ono $tati de$critti di $opra, $onando all'ultima delle eccellenti detta ne-
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parents:
diff changeset
9520 te hyperboleon, $iano po$ti prima nelle celle, che $ono nelle e$treme corna dall'una, &amp;
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9521 l'altra parte.
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parents:
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9522 <p><I>Cioe parti$ca$i la parte di mezo dell'altezza a torno il Theatro in dodici $pacij eguali con tre-
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parents:
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9523 dici celle, &amp; quelle celle, che $aranno $opra le corna della cinta una per te$ta, che Vitru. chiama
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parents:
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9524 prime, haueranno i ua$i proportionati al piu alto $uono, &amp; piu acuta uoce, che $ia, detta nete hy-
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parents:
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9525 perboleon, &amp; tra loro $aranno uni$oni, &amp; di grandezza minore a tutti gli altri. la cella di me-
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parents:
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9526 zo contenir&agrave; quel ua$o, che tenir &agrave; il luogo, &amp; il $uono della mezana i $econdi ua$i pre$$o a quel-
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parents:
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9527 li, che $ono $u gli e$tremi, $uoner anno, la diate$$aron alla ultima delle di$giunte, &amp; $aranno tra
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parents:
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9528 $e uni$oni. &amp; per&ograve; dice Vitru.</I>
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parents:
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9529 <p>I $econdi da gli e$tremi $uonino la diate$$aron all'ultima delle di$giunte. I terzi ua$i di
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parents:
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9530 qua, &amp; di la $uonino la diate$$aron alla uicina alla mezana.
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parents:
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9531 <p><I>Ecco che Vitr. ua di Tetracordo in Tetracordo pigliando $olamente gli estremi termini, cio&egrave;
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parents:
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9532 quelli, che fanno la con$onanza, &amp; la$ciando i $uoni di mezo $uonano all'ultima delle congiunte.
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parents:
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9533 que$ta &egrave; per un tuono di$tante alla di $opra, detta par ame$e, o uicina alla mezana, per rinchiu-
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parents:
diff changeset
9534 dere l'ottocordo con l'ultima delle eccellenti, &amp; &egrave; da $apere, che i ua$i, che $i danno a i $uoni piu
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diff changeset
9535 ba<02>i, $iano maggiori di corpo, &amp; che uadino con proportione $cemando.</I>
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diff changeset
9536 <p>I quarti $uonino la diate$$aron alla ultima delle congiunte. I quinti $uonino la dia-
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diff changeset
9537 te$$aron alla mezzana. I $e$ti $uonino la quarta alla prima delle mezane, &amp; nel mezo &egrave; un
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diff changeset
9538 ua$o $olo, che $uona la diate$$aron alla prima delle prime. Et co$i con que$to di$cor$o par
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diff changeset
9539 tendo$i la uoce dalla $cena, come da uno centro raggirando$i a torno, &amp; toccando le con-
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diff changeset
9540 <pb n="245">
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diff changeset
9541 cauit&agrave; di cia$cuno di quelli ua$i, ri$ueglier&agrave; una chiarezza di $uono aumentata, &amp; far&agrave; ri$-
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diff changeset
9542 $uonare una conueniente con$onanza.
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diff changeset
9543 <p><I>Quelli ua$i adunque non $olo faceuano la uoce piu chiara, ma rendeuano anche con$onanza,
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9544 &amp; melodia. ma bi$ogna bene con$iderare come er ano tocche accioche $uona$$ero. io non $o come
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9545 la uoce de recitanti pote$$e fare quello effetto: &amp; $e pure ella lo face$$e, come que ua$i ri$ponde$-
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diff changeset
9546 $ero, $e for$e frnche la uoce fu$$e in con$onanza con que ua$i, come $uole una corda di uno liuto me
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diff changeset
9547 uer$i quando un'altra corda d'un' altro liuto &egrave; tocca, &amp; &egrave; della mede$ma con$onanza. Ne i Thea-
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diff changeset
9548 tri minori $i poneua un'ordine di que$tiua$i, nel mezo dell'altezza del Theatro di$po$ti d'intorno
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9549 la cinta de i gradi nelle lor celle, &amp; accordati $econdo quel genere, che fu$$e piacciuto a chi gli
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9550 ordinaua. ma io credo, che fu$$ero $econdo il genere Armonico, perche Vitru. lo dice.</I>
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diff changeset
9551 <p>Ma $e la grandezza del Theatro $ar&agrave; piu ampia, allhora $i partir&agrave; l'altezza in quattro
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9552 parti, perche $i facciano tre $pacij, per le celle trauer$e. di que$te parti una $i dar&agrave; al gene-
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9553 re Armonico, l'altra al chromatico, la terza al diatonico; &amp; dal ba$$o la prima regione $i
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diff changeset
9554 dar&agrave; all'ordinanza dell'Armonia, $i come hauemo detto di $opra nel Theatro minore.
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diff changeset
9555 Ma nella prima parte dell'ordine di mezo $i hanno a porre nelle e$treme corna quelli ua$i,
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9556 che ri$pondino alle eccellenti del genere chromatico: ne i $econdi da que$ti la diate$$aron
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9557 alla chromatica delle di$giunte, ne i terzi la diapente alla chromatica delle congiunte: ne
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
9558 i quarti la diate$$aron alla chromatica delle mezane; ne i quinti la diate$$aron alla chro-
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9559 matica delle prime: ne i $efti alla uicina alla mezana. perche que$ti $uoni hanno corri-
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diff changeset
9560 $pondenza di con$onanza, &amp; della diapente con la chromatica delle eccellenti, &amp; della
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9561 diate$$aron con la chromatica delle congiunte. ma nel mezo non $i deue ponere alcun
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9562 ua$o, perche nel genere chromatico niun'altra qualit&agrave; di $uoni puo hauere con$onanza
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9563 di $infonia.
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9564 <p><I>Egli $i deue auuertire, che quando Vitr. dice, che nella prima parte dell'ordine di mezo $i han
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9565 no a porre nelle e$treme corna quelli ua$i, che ri$pondino alle eccellenti del genere chromatico,
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9566 non piglia la nete hyperboleon, ma una di quelle hyperbolee, cio&egrave; la Trite hyperboleon: &amp; co$i
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9567 di $otto nel genere diatonico egli piglia la nete hyperboleon per prima $u la estreme corna. Al-
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9568 trimenti $e egli piglia$$e in tutti tre i generi per prime la nete hyperboleon, non ci $arebbe differen
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9569 za tra un genere, &amp; l'altro, perche tutti i termini de i Tetracordi $arebbeno gli i$te<02>i, perche
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9570 quelli $uoni $ono $tabili, come termini delle con$onanze. da que$ti principij $i hanno gli altri $uoni,
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9571 come dimo$tra la figura.</I>
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9572 <p>Ma nella diui$ione di $opra, &amp; regione delle celle, $i hanno a porre i ua$i nelle prime
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9573 corna $uonanti alla diatonica delle eccellenti, ne i $econdi la diate$$aron alla diatonica del
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9574 le di$giunte; ne i terzi la diapente alla diatonica delle congiunte, ne i quarti la diate$$aron
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9575 alla diatonica delle mezane, ne i quinti la diate$$aron alla diatonica delle prime, ne i $e$ti
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9576 la diate$$aron, alla proslamuanomenon. nel mezo alla mezana, perche quella ri$ponde la
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parents:
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9577 diapa$on alla proslamuanomenon, &amp; la diapente alla diatonica delle prime.
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9578 <p><I>Quello che Vitru. ha detto fin qui, ci $ar&agrave; manife$to per la figura qui $otto. dice egli.</I>
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9579 <p>Ma chi uorr&agrave; ridurre facilmente a perfettione que$te di$egnationi, auuerti$ca alla fi-
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parents:
diff changeset
9580 gura di$egnata nel fine del libro, con ragione di Mu$ica, laquale Ari$toxeno con gran ui-
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parents:
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9581 gore, &amp; indu$tria partendo i canti per generi la$ci&ograve; formata, &amp; da quella di$egnatione
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parents:
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9582 ($e alcuno ui porr&agrave; mente) potr&agrave; ordinare con que$ti di$cor$i, &amp; ridurre a perfettione i
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9583 Theatri, &amp; alla natura delle uoci, &amp; al diletto de gli a$coltanti.
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parents:
diff changeset
9584 <p><I>Perche noi non hauemo n&egrave; e$$empio, n&egrave; altra memoria altroue, &egrave; nece$$ario che crediamo a
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parents:
diff changeset
9585 Vitru. per&ograve; di que$to non ne diremo piu oltre, perche (come dice Leon Bati$ta) que$ta co$a &egrave; faci-
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parents:
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9586 le da dire, ma quanto facilmente ella $i po$$a e$$eguire con l'opra, lo $anno gli e$perti. $i uede, che
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parents:
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9587 i Romani non u$auano que$ti ua$i.</I>
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parents:
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9588 <p>Potrebbe for$e dire alcuno, che per molti anni $tati $ono molti Theatri a Roma, n&egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
9589 <pb n="246">
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parents:
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9590 <fig>
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parents:
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9591 <pb n="247">
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parents:
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9592 per&ograve; in alcuno di quelli, $i ha hauuto alcuna con$ideratione di que$te co$e. Ma, chi dubi-
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parents:
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9593 ta, erra in que$to, imperoche tutti i publici Theatri, che $ono fatti di legno, hanno mol-
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parents:
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9594 ti tauolati, i quali nece$$ario &egrave;, che rendino $uono. Et que$to $i puo auuertire da i Ci-
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parents:
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9595 tharedi, i quali quando uogliono cantare col tuono di $opra, $i riuoltano alle porte della
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parents:
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9596 $cena, &amp; co$i dallo aiuto di quelle riceueno la con$onanza della uoce. Ma quando di $oda
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parents:
diff changeset
9597 materia, cio&egrave; di pietra, di cementi, o di marmo $i fanno, che $ono co$e che non po$$ono
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9598 ri$uonare, allhora $i deono e$plicare con que$ta ragione da quello, che detto hauemo.
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9599 Ma s'egli $i cerca$$e in qual Theatro di Roma que ua$i $i trouino, certamente non lo po-
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9600 temo dimo$trare. s&igrave; bene nelle parti d'ltalia, &amp; in molte citt&agrave; de Greci, Oltra, che haue-
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9601 mo per capo, &amp; autore L. Mummio, ilquale ruinato il Theatro de' Corinthi, port&ograve; a Ro-
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9602 ma i ua$i di rame di quel Theatro, &amp; delle $poglie dedicogli al Tempio della Luna: &amp; an-
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9603 che molti $uegliati Architetti, che in picciole citt&agrave; hanno fatto farei Theatri, per la ca-
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parents:
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9604 re$tia eletti i dogli di creta co$i ri$uonanti, &amp; con que$ta ragione compo$ti hanno fatto
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parents:
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9605 effetti di grandi$sima utilit&agrave;.
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9606 <HEAD><I>Della conformatione del Theatro.</I></HEAD>
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9607 <HEAD><I>Cap. VI.</I></HEAD>
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9608 <p>MA la conformatione del Theatro $i deue fare in que$to modo. che prima $i
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9609 ueda quanto grande e$$er deue la circonferenza della pianta, &amp; po$to nel me
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9610 zo il centro $ia tirato un circolo, nel quale $i fanno quattro triangoli eguali,
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9611 &amp; di $patij, &amp; di lati, che tocchino la e$trema linea della circonferenza. &amp; $o
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parents:
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9612 no que$ti a $imiglianza di quelli, che gli A$trologi nella de$crittione de i dodici $egni ce-
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parents:
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9613 le$ti da una conuenienza mu$icale, che hanno le $telle tra $e $ogliono di$correndo cauare,
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9614 Di que$ti rrianguli, quello il cui lato $ar&agrave; pro$simo alla $cena da quella parte, che egli ta-
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diff changeset
9615 glia la curuatura del cerchio, iui $ia fatta la fronte della $cena, &amp; da quel luogo per lo cen-
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diff changeset
9616 tro $ia tirata una linea egualmente di$tante, la quale $epari il pulpito del pro$cenio, &amp; ol
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diff changeset
9617 $patio dell'orche$tra. &amp; con que$ta ragione il pulpito $ar&agrave; piu largo, che quello de Greci.
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diff changeset
9618 perche tutti gli artefici pre$tano l'opera loro nella $cena. Ma nella orche$tra $ono di$e-
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diff changeset
9619 gnati i luoghi alle $edi de i $enatori.
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diff changeset
9620 <p><I>La $cena &egrave; la fronte del Theatro, alla quale $ia tirato una linea egualmente di$tante, che pa$$i
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parents:
diff changeset
9621 per lo centro, la qual $epari il pulpito (cio&egrave;, il luogo piu alto, che &egrave; auanti la $cena, $opra la
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diff changeset
9622 quale $i recitauano le fauole) dalla parte dell'orche$tra. Orche$tra era luogo nel mezo del Thea
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parents:
diff changeset
9623 tro nel piano, doue $tauano i $eggi de i $enatori, appre$$o Romani. Altrimenti la Orche$tra era
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parents:
diff changeset
9624 del choro, &amp; de i mu$ici: La $cena de gli attori. Quando adunque in uno circolo hauerai forma
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parents:
diff changeset
9625 to quattro triangoli di lati eguali, che tocchino con le punte loro la circonferenza, prenderai
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parents:
diff changeset
9626 uno di quelli lati per la fronte della $cena, &amp; poi a quello tirerai una linea egualmente di$tante,
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parents:
diff changeset
9627 che pa$$i per lo centro, che $ia come un diametro, equidi$tante alla fronte della $cena, che $epari
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parents:
diff changeset
9628 il pulpito del pro$cenio dall'orche$tra. I Theatri de i Greci $ono differenti da i Theatri de i Latini,
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parents:
diff changeset
9629 perche i Greci nel mezo del piano induceuano i $altatori, &amp; i chori, &amp; haueuano minor pulpito,
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parents:
diff changeset
9630 &amp; quel piano delli $altatori, $i chiamaua orche$tra. Ma Romani, perche nel pulpito rappre$en
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parents:
diff changeset
9631 tauano ogni co$a, per&ograve; era nece$$ario, che'l pulpito loro fu$$e maggiore, accioche con quello ue-
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parents:
diff changeset
9632 ni$$ero piu auanti, &amp; meglio s'accommoda$$ero irecitanti, &amp; imu$ici.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
9633 <p>L'altezza del pulpito non $ia piu di cinque piedi, accicche quelli, che $ederanno nell'or-
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parents:
diff changeset
9634 che$tra po$sino uedere i ge$ti di tutti i recitanti. Siano partiti i cunei de gli $pettacoli nel
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parents:
diff changeset
9635 Theatro in modo, che gli anguli de i trianguli, che uanno a torno la circonferenza del cer
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parents:
diff changeset
9636 chio de$critto drizzino le a$ce$e, &amp; le $cale tra i cunei fino alla prima cinta.
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parents:
diff changeset
9637 <pb n="248">
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parents:
diff changeset
9638 <p><I>Data l altezza del pulpito di piedi cinque, Vitr. c'in$egna doue, &amp; in che modo doucmo driz-
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parents:
diff changeset
9639 zar le $cale, &amp; le a$ce$e. Haueuano i Theatri d'intorno i $uoi gradi, &amp; ogni tanti gradi era
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parents:
diff changeset
9640 una cinta, cio&egrave; un piano, $opra'l quale $i caminaua. Tre erano le cinte, che Vitr. chiama precin-
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parents:
diff changeset
9641 ctioni, la prima alla parte piu ba$$a, la $econda nel mezo, &amp; l'altra di $opra, &amp; quella $cala,
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parents:
diff changeset
9642 che conduceua fino alla prima cinta non $eguitaua fino alla $econda, ma tra mezo nella $econda
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parents:
diff changeset
9643 cinta era un'altra $cala, che ci conduceua alla terza; &amp; co$ile $cale non erano dritte, &amp; d'una
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
9644 $alita. Imaginiamoci adunque, che gli anguli di quelli dodici trianguli, che hauemo formati,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
9645 indrizzino le apriture alle $alite, &amp; formino qua$i un cuneo. Voglio adunque, che que cunei,
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parents:
diff changeset
9646 che ci conduceno alla prima cinta, in quella $iano terminati, &amp; quelli, che uanno dalla prima al
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
9647 la $econda cinta, rincontrino con gli anguli tramezati: &amp; co$i quelli, che uanno alla terza cin-
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parents:
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9648 ta, non ri$pondino a quelli, che ci hanno condotti alla $econda, ma a gli altri di mezo, alternan-
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parents:
diff changeset
9649 do itagli, &amp; le apriture; $iano $ette le apriture, &amp; al centro drizzate egualmente di$tanti l'una
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parents:
diff changeset
9650 dall'altra, una delle quali nel mezo del $emicircolo, $ia piu ampia, &amp; piu aperta, due ne $iano
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parents:
diff changeset
9651 una dalla de$tra, l'altra dalla $ini$tra del diametro, o due per parte tra quella di mezo, &amp; que$te
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parents:
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9652 e$treme all'incontro una dell'altra. &amp; co$i le a$ce$e $aranno compartite giu$tamente. $i puo anche
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parents:
diff changeset
9653 fare altre a$ce$e, &amp; u$cite $econdo la capacit&agrave; del Theatro, ilche $i rimette alla nece$$it&agrave; del luo
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parents:
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9654 go. ma nelle predette $cale mae$tre, faceuano capo altre $alite coperte (come ho detto di $opra)
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parents:
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9655 per la commodit&agrave; delle per$one. Que$ti cunei adunque erano co$i compartiti, &amp; andauano alle
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parents:
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9656 prime cinte.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9657 <p>Ma di $opra con alternati $entieri $iano drizzati i cunei di mezo: Et quelli cunei, che
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parents:
diff changeset
9658 $ono da ba$$o, &amp; drizzano le $alite $aranno $ette; ma gli altri cinque di$egneranno la com
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parents:
diff changeset
9659 po$itione della $cena; tra quali, quello, che $ar&agrave; nel mezo all'incontro deue hauere le por
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parents:
diff changeset
9660 te mae$tre. i due, che $aranno alla de$tra, &amp; alla $ini$tra di$egneranno le compo$itioni
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parents:
diff changeset
9661 delle fore$tarie, che ho$pitali chiamano. gli ultimi due riguarderanno le uie nel uoltar del-
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parents:
diff changeset
9662 le cantonate.
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9663 <p><I>Le porte regie nel mezo della $cena, gli ho$pitali dalle bande, &amp; doue $i uoltaua per u$cir fuo-
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parents:
diff changeset
9664 ri, ri$pondeua al re$tante de i dodici cunei, cio&egrave; a cinque. Dalla $cena alle corna del Theatro era-
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parents:
diff changeset
9665 no portichi, non continui in modo, che tocca$$ero le corna, (benche que$to $i comprenda in al cu-
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parents:
diff changeset
9666 ne piante) ma erano que$ti portichi come ale della $cena. ma che importa $e Vitru. intende$$e per
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parents:
diff changeset
9667 quel nome di uer$ura, quello, che ueramente $i deue intendere, quando finito un lato, $i uolta al-
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parents:
diff changeset
9668 l'altro $opra una cantonata? come anche nel terzo libro $i uede, che egli ha u$ato quel nome in
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parents:
diff changeset
9669 que$ta $ignificatione? &amp; anche nel fine del $eguente capo piu chiaramente lo dimo$tra. Dice poi.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
9670 <p>I gradi de gli $pettacoli doue s'hanno a porre i $eggi non $iano meno alti d'un palmo,
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parents:
diff changeset
9671 &amp; d'un piede, n&egrave; piu d'un piede, &amp; $ei dita, ma le larghezze loro non piu di due piedi, &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
9672 mezo, n&egrave; meno di due piedi.
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9673 <p><I>I gradi de gli $pettacoli, cio&egrave; l'opera di pietra, doue $i $taua $ed<*>do a uedere d'intorno il Theatro
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
9674 non $iano meno alti di cinque palmi, cio&egrave; uenti dita, n&egrave; piu d'un piede &amp; $ei dita. Erano anche nel
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parents:
diff changeset
9675 l'Orche$tra preparati i luoghi da $edere per li grand'huomini, &amp; Senatori, compo$ti in luoghi piu
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parents:
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9676 alti. iui $i portauano le $edi honorate, a tempo; &amp; per&ograve; $i legge, che per le parole di Na$ica mo$
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9677 $a la prudenza de $enatori, uiet&ograve; che i $ub$ellij, che $i portauano a tempo nel Theatro &amp; s'erano
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parents:
diff changeset
9678 anche cominciati a porre in u$o dalla citt&agrave;, portati fu$$ero, &amp; po$ti ne i luoghi loro. Ecco che pa-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9679 re che i $ub$ellij, o $eggi doue $tauano i nobili, erano portati, &amp; po$ti, &amp; $i leuauano, &amp; il luogo
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9680 loro era $opra alcuni gradi leuati dal piano dell'Orchestra. Per cinquecento, &amp; cinquanta ot-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9681 to anni il $enato me$colato col popolo era pre$ente a gli $pettacoli; ma questa u$anza Attilio Se-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9682 rano, &amp; L. Scribonio edili, $eguitando la $entenza del maggior' Affricano leuarono, $eparan-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9683 do i luoghi del Senato da i luoghi del popolo: per ilche l'animo del uulgo $i riuol$e da Scipio-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9684 ne, &amp; il $uo fauore fu grandemente conqua$$ato. $eguita la pianta, il Perfilo, &amp; lo impi&egrave; del
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parents:
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9685 Theatro.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
9686 <pb>
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parents:
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9687 <pb>
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parents:
diff changeset
9688 <pb n="249">
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parents:
diff changeset
9689 <fig>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9690 <pb>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9691 <pb n="250">
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9692 <fig>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9693 <foot><I>KK</I></foot>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
9694 <pb n="251">
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9695 <fig>
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9696 <pb n="252">
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9697 <HEAD><I>Del tetto delportico del Theatro.</I></HEAD>
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9698 <HEAD><I>Cap. VII.</I></HEAD>
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9699 <p>IL tetto di quel portico del Theatro, che $ta $opra l'ultimo ordine de i gradi $u
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diff changeset
9700 periori $i fa ad egual liuello dell'altezza della $cena: &amp; la ragione &egrave;, perche la
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9701 uoce cre$cendo egualmente peruenir&agrave;, &amp; al $ommo ordine de i gradi, &amp; al
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9702 tetto; perche $el portico non $ar&agrave; eguale all'altezza della $cena, quanto meno
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9703 egli $ar&agrave; alto, la uoce $ar&agrave; portata inanzi a quella altezza, alla quale prima peruenir&agrave;.
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9704 <p><I>Io ho detto, che que$to portico era $opra i gradi, &amp; come un corridore aperto uer$o il piano
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9705 del Theatro, ma $errato di dietro faceua ri$uonare la uote mirabilmente. Leon Batti$ta lo chia
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9706 ma circonuallatione, &amp; dice, che era fatto per re$trignere, &amp; unire la uoce, &amp; che $opra, co-
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9707 me per cielo del Theatro, &amp; per la uoce, &amp; per l'ombra $i tiraua una uela ornata di $telle. Que
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9708 $to portico era fatto molto mae$treuolmente, perche haueua $otto altri colonnati, &amp; altri porti-
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diff changeset
9709 chi per $o$tenimento di quelli di $opra, ma aperti nella parte e$teriore; &amp; que$to $i faceua ne i
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9710 Theatri di molta grandezza: &amp; $i faceuano doppi, perche al tempo delle pioggie, le genti $i po-
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9711 te$$ero meglio riparare. I colonnati loro erano di opra $oda, &amp; ferma, &amp; i loro lineamenti era
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9712 no cauati dalla ragione de gli archi, de i quali il $opradetto ne ragiona copio$amente.</I>
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9713 <p>La Orche$tra tra i gradi inferiori quanto grande hauer&agrave; il $uo diametro, prendi$i la $e-
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9714 $ta parte di quello, &amp; nelle corna, &amp; d'intorno a gli aditi a liuello di quella mi$ura $iano
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9715 tagliati i $eggi inferiori; &amp; la doue $ar&agrave; fatto il taglio, iui $iano po$ti i $opracigli delle
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9716 uie, perche a que$to modo le loro conformationi haueranno ba$teuole altezza.
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9717 <p><I>Il primo ordine de i gradi non era $ubito alzato da terra, percioche $arebbe $tato troppo ba$$o,
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diff changeset
9718 e$$endo i gradi ba$$i, &amp; e$$endo i $edili nell'orche$tra piu alti: per&ograve; uuole Vitr. che $i pigli la $e$ta
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9719 parte del diametro dell'orche$tra, &amp; che quella $ia l'altezza di quel muretto, che circonda l'or
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9720 che$tra, &amp; $econdo quell'altezza dinanzi $i deono tagliare i primi gradi da ba$$o nelle corna, &amp;
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9721 d'intorno gli aditi, &amp; doue $aranno quelli tagli $iano po$ti i $opracigli delle uie. &amp; per $opracigli
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9722 intende $opra limitari, $econdo, che egli ha inte$o nel quarto libro trattando de i compartimenti
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9723 delle porte. Erano alcune apriture, che andauano alle $alite, &amp; alle $cale drizzate $econdo iou
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9724 nei, che pone Vitr. di $opra.</I>
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9725 <p>La lunghezza della $cena $ia doppia al diametro dell'orche$tra. L'altezza del poggio
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9726 dal liuello del pulpito con la $ua cornice, &amp; gola $ia per la duodecima parte del diametro
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9727 dell'orche$tra. $opra il poggio $iano le colonne, con i capitelli, &amp; ba$amenti la quarta
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9728 parte dello i$te$$o diametro. Gli architraui, &amp; adornamenti di quelle colonne per la quin
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9729 ta parte. il parapetto di $opra con la onda, &amp; con la cornice $ia pur la met&agrave; del parapetto,
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9730 o poggio di $otto, &amp; $opra quel parapetto $iano le colonne alte per un quarto meno, che
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9731 le colonne di $otto. Gli architraui, &amp; gli ornamenri di quelle colonne, per la quinta.
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9732 Ma $e egli $ar&agrave; anche il terzo componimento $opra la $cena, $ia il parapetto di $opra, per
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9733 la met&agrave; del parapetto di mezo, &amp; le colonne di $opra $iano meno alte la quarta parte del-
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9734 le colonne di mezo. gli architraui, &amp; le cornici di quelle colonne habbiano $imilmente
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9735 la quinta parte dell'altezza.
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9736 <p><I>Dice Leon Batti$ta, che le fondamenta di quelli pareti, che a$cendeno a gli ultimi gradi, &amp;
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9737 piu lontani dal centro, cio&egrave; dall'ultima, &amp; piu larga cinta $i deono gettare tanto lontani dal cen
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9738 tro, quanto &egrave; il $emidiametro del piano di mezo con un terzo di piu, ma i primi gradi, cio&egrave; quelli
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9739 che $ono di dentro, &amp; piu ba$$i, cio&egrave; doue $i comincia la graduatione, non deono $ubito comin-
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9740 ciare dal piano, ma ne i gran Theatri $i deue leuare un muro dal piano, o parete alto per la nona
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9741 parte del $emidiametro del piano di mezo; ma ne i Theatri minori, non $i leuer&agrave; quel parete piu</I>
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9742 <foot><I>KK</I> 2</foot>
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9743 <pb n="253">
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9744 <fig>
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9745 <pb n="254">
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9746 <fig>
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9747 <pb n="255">
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9748 <I>di $ette piedi; $opra quelli muri $i deono cominciare i gradi di quella mi$ura, che Vitr. ci ha dimo
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9749 $trato. Que$ta intentione pare, che Vitr. accenni di $opra nel terzo capo, &amp; qui anche ragio-
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parents:
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9750 nando di quel taglio, che $i fa per li $eggi nella circonferenza interiore, &amp; per li $opracigli delle
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parents:
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9751 uie. Et per $eggi egli intende i primi gradi. Ragiona poi della lunghezza della $cena, che deue
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9752 e$$er doppia al diametro dell'orchestra. La doue $e il diametro $ar&agrave; di piedi $e$$anta, la lunghez
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parents:
diff changeset
9753 za della $cena $ar&agrave; di piedi cento, &amp; uenti. perche $e$$anta piedi della $cena anderanno per mezo
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9754 il diametro, dell'orchestra, &amp; trenta per parte per mezo le corna del Theatro. Egli ci da poi
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parents:
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9755 l'altezza del poggio. Poggio &egrave; come un parapetto nella fronte della $cena. la cui parte di $otto,
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parents:
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9756 che uiene uer$o l'orche$tra &egrave; il pulpito. $opra il pulpito adunque, &amp; dal liuello di quello a faccia
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parents:
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9757 de gli $pettatori, alzar $i deue il primo parapetto per la duodecima parte dell'orche$tra. cinque
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parents:
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9758 piedi &egrave; alto il pulpito, cinque il parapetto. Et qui &egrave; da con$iderare, che il diametro della orche-
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9759 $tra, ci da la mi$ura, &amp; il fondamento del tutto. per la duodecima parte adunque, del diametro
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parents:
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9760 dell'orche$tra, &egrave; alto il poggio abbracciando la cornice, &amp; la li$i, che onda, cima$a, o gola$i
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parents:
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9761 puo chiamare: ma doue $ia tratto que$to uocabolo di li$i, io non ho truouato fin hora. Lix in
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parents:
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9762 Greco &egrave; una pietra larga, &amp; obliqua; &amp; $e Vitr. dice$$e Lixis potrebbe intendere quella pietra
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9763 del poggio piana, $opra la quale l'huomo $i appoggia. Le colonne con i capitelli, &amp; ba$e $iano al
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parents:
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9764 te per la quarta parte del diametro dell'orche$tra, &amp; co$i $arebbeno di quindici piedi e$$endo il
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9765 diametro della orche$tra $e$$ana. Sopra quelle colonne, &amp; $opra i loro ornamenti ui andaua il
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parents:
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9766 $econdo ordine; &amp; quell'ordine di $opra era detto Epi$cenos, qua$i $opra $cena, ouero aggiunta
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9767 della $cena: &amp; ne i gran Theatri $i andaua anche al terzo ordine, &amp; tanto a$cendeua, che ag-
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parents:
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9768 guagliaua il tetto del portico di $opra: anzi egli $i continuaua a torno con quelle i$te$$e mi$ure: &amp;
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9769 per&ograve; Vitr. non ragiona di quelle mi$ure, perche $ono le i$te$$e della terza epi$cenos. Dal profilo
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9770 del Theatro po$to in forma grande, $i comprenderanno molte co$e da noi dichiarite $econdo la in-
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parents:
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9771 tentione di Vitr. benche nelle altezze delle colonne hauemo, alquanto uariato, per la ragione,
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9772 che dice qui $otto.</I>
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9773 <p>N&egrave; in ogni Theatro a tutte le ragioni, &amp; effetti po$$ono corri$pondere le mi$ure, &amp; i
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9774 compartimenti. Ma e nece$$ario che lo architetto auuerti$ca con che proportioni bi$o-
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diff changeset
9775 gna $eguire i compartimenti, &amp; con che ragione egli debbia alla natura, o alla grandez-
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diff changeset
9776 za del luogo reggere l'opera &amp; $eruirle. Imperoche ci $ono delle co$e &amp; nel picciolo, &amp;
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9777 nel gran Theatro, che di nece$sit&agrave; deono tenere, la i$te$$a grandezza. perche co$i l'u$o ri-
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diff changeset
9778 chiede: come $ono i gradi, le cinte, i parapetti, le uie, le $alite, i pulpiti, i tribunali,
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diff changeset
9779 &amp; $e altre co$e tra mezo correno, delle quali la nece$sit&agrave; ci sforza partir$i dalla $imme-
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diff changeset
9780 tria, accioche l'u$o non $ia impedito. Similmente $e egli ci mancher&agrave; la copia come del
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diff changeset
9781 marmo, del legname, &amp; delle altre co$e, che $i apparecchiano per la fabrica, non $ar&agrave; fuo
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diff changeset
9782 ri di propo$ito di leuare, o di aggiugnere alquanto, pure che que$to troppo $cioccamen-
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diff changeset
9783 te non $i faccia, ma con giudicio, &amp; $entimento; &amp; que$to auuerr&agrave; $e lo Architetto $ar&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
9784 pratico, &amp; oltra di que$to $e egli non $ar&agrave; $enza pre$tezza, &amp; $olertia d'ingegno.
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diff changeset
9785 <p><I>Et per&ograve; chi uede le membra delle opere antiche, &amp; truoua co$a, che paia fuori de gli ammae-
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parents:
diff changeset
9786 $tramenti di Vitr. (come s'&egrave; detto altroue) non deue di primo tratto bia$imare o Vitr. o le opere,
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parents:
diff changeset
9787 perche non puo $apere quello, che portaua la nece$$it&agrave;, &amp; quanto in tutto'l corpo quel membro
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parents:
diff changeset
9788 teneua la $ua ragione. Vitr. $e ne auuidde di que$ta $orte d'huomini, &amp; in ogni luogo dapoi, che
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diff changeset
9789 egli ci ha dato le $immetrie, &amp; le proportioni delle co$e, egli ci fa auuertiti come douemo u$are
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parents:
diff changeset
9790 quella moderatione, che richiede il pre$ente bi$ogno. Noi hauemo interpretato cinte, quella pa
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parents:
diff changeset
9791 rola, che egli ha u$ato dal Greco, diazonata, &amp; altroue ha detto pr&oelig;cinctiones. Et co$i bi$ogna
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parents:
diff changeset
9792 auuertire, che bene $pe$$o Vitr. u$a piu uocaboli d'una i$te$$a co$a, come di $opra ha detto onda,
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parents:
diff changeset
9793 quello, che altroue ha chiamato cymati&umacr;. Tribunale egli chiama tutte quelle parti, alle quali s'a$c&emacr;
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parents:
diff changeset
9794 de per gradi; &amp; nel quarto libro noi ne hauemo detto a ba$tanza. Le co$e adunque nominate da
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parents:
diff changeset
9795 Vitr. deono in ogni Theatro hauere i compartimenti mede$imi, perche $ono parti nece$$arie, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
9796 accommodate all'u$o.</I>
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diff changeset
9797 <pb n="256">
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parents:
diff changeset
9798 <p>Ma le $cene habbiano le loro ragioni e$plicate in modo, che le porte di mezo habbia-
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parents:
diff changeset
9799 no gli ornamenti d'una $ala regale, &amp; dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra $iano gli ho$pitali; ma
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parents:
diff changeset
9800 longo quelli $pacij, che $i fanno per ornamento. i quali da i Greci $ono detti periachi, per-
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parents:
diff changeset
9801 che in que luoghi $i girauano le machine, che hanno i triangoli, che $i riuolgeno. In cia-
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parents:
diff changeset
9802 $cuno tre $ono le $pecie de gli ornati, &amp; apparati. que$te machine $i hanno a uoltare, &amp; a
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parents:
diff changeset
9803 mutare l'a$petto de gli ornamenti loro nelle fronti; ouero quando $i deono mutare le fa-
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parents:
diff changeset
9804 uole, ouero quando uenir deono i Dei con tuoni repentini. Lungo quelli luoghi $ono le
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parents:
diff changeset
9805 cantonate, &amp; uolte, che $i porgeno auanti, lequali fanno l'entrate &amp; gli aditi nella $cena,
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parents:
diff changeset
9806 l'una dal foro, l'altra da qualche altra parte, donde $i uegna.
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parents:
diff changeset
9807 <p><I>La porta di mezo, che ri$ponde al cuneo di mezo de i cinque, che $i danno alla $cena, era det-
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parents:
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9808 ta Regia da gli ornamenti $uoi. Eranui altre porte una dalla de$tra, &amp; l'altra dalla $ini$tra di
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parents:
diff changeset
9809 modo, che la fronte della $cena haueua tre gran nicchi, come $i uede nella pianta, in quelli erano
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parents:
diff changeset
9810 drizzate le machine triangulari, che $i uoltauano $opra perni, &amp; in cia$cuna facciata era di-
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parents:
diff changeset
9811 pinto l'ornamento $econdo la fauola, che $i deueua rappre$entare. perche in una facciata era la
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parents:
diff changeset
9812 pro$pettiua d'una $cena Comica, nell'altra la Tragica, nell'altra la Satirica, &amp; $econdo la occa-
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parents:
diff changeset
9813 $ione uoltauano quelle fronti. Da que$te machine parlauano i Dei dal di $opra, s'udiuano i tuoni
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parents:
diff changeset
9814 nella lor uenuta, fatti con utri di corami gonfi, o di pelli tirate, come ne i Tamburri, che u$amo, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
9815 con $a<02>i dentro, che faceuano un ribombo grandi$$imo. &amp; per que$to modo $eruauano il decoro,
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parents:
diff changeset
9816 non la$ciando che i Dei $i uede$$ero in $cena. Co$i appre$$o di Sofocle nello Aiace flagellifero Pal
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parents:
diff changeset
9817 lade parla con Vli$$e, &amp; non $i uede. &amp; egli dice, che la uoce di quella Dea non ueduta, a$$imi-
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parents:
diff changeset
9818 glia al $uono d'una tromba da guerra, che commoue tutto l'huomo, quando ella $i $ente $uonare
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parents:
diff changeset
9819 all'arme. Que$te machine adunque $i riuolgeuano $econdo il bi$ogno &amp; dauano luogo all'entra
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parents:
diff changeset
9820 te, rappre$entando le uie l'una, che ueni$$e dalla piazza, &amp; l'altra, d'altronde. &amp; la figura ci
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parents:
diff changeset
9821 dimo$tra il tutto.</I>
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parents:
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9822 <HEAD><I>Ditre$orti di Scene. Cap. VIII.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
9823 <p>Tre $ono le $orti delle Scene, una &egrave; detta Scena Tragica, l'altra Comica, la ter-
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parents:
diff changeset
9824 za Satirica. Gli ornamenti di que$te $ono tra $e diuer$i, &amp; con di$eguale com
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parents:
diff changeset
9825 partimento $i fanno. imperoche le $cene Tragiche $i formano con colonne,
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parents:
diff changeset
9826 Fronti$picij, figure, &amp; altri ornamenti regali. le Comiche hanno forma di
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parents:
diff changeset
9827 priuati edi$icij, di pergolati, o corritori, &amp; pro$pettiue di fine$tre di$po$te ad imitatione
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parents:
diff changeset
9828 de i communi e dificij, ma le Scene Satiriche $ono ornate di alberi, &amp; di $pilonche, &amp; di
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parents:
diff changeset
9829 monti, &amp; d'altre co$e ru$ticali, &amp; agre$ti in forma di giardini.
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parents:
diff changeset
9830 <p><I>I Tragici recitauano i ca$i de i Tiranni, &amp; de i Re. a que$ti conueniuano ornamenti regali, pa-
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parents:
diff changeset
9831 lagi, loggie, colonnati: per&ograve; la facciata del triangolo, che era per la Tragedia haueua que$ti edi-
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parents:
diff changeset
9832 ficij, che haueuano del grande, ornati &amp; dipinti. I Comici rappre$entanano co$e quottidiane, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
9833 attioni di gente ba$$a, per&ograve; la $cena loro dimo$traua forme di priuati edificij. iSatirici portauano
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parents:
diff changeset
9834 co$e $ilue$tri, &amp; bo$carecci conuenienti a pa$tori aninfe &amp; $imili co$e; per&ograve; la $cena era di uer-
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parents:
diff changeset
9835 dure, d'acque, di pae$i di lontani colorita. &amp; era mirabile inuentione quella delle dette machine
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parents:
diff changeset
9836 triangolari, &amp; uer$atili, perche drieto una fauola Tragica era pronto l'apparato d'una comedia;
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parents:
diff changeset
9837 &amp; drieto la comedia $i poteua $enza porui tempo di mezo fare la rappre$entatione d'alcuna
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parents:
diff changeset
9838 Egloga, o d'altro, $olamente col dare una uolta a quelle machine, che greci dallo effetto chia-
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parents:
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9839 mano periachi, perche $i riuolgeno. &amp; qui &egrave; nece$$aria la intelligenza, &amp; la pratica della pro-
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parents:
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9840 $pettiua, perche tutte quelle co$e ricercano il punto della ui$ta no$tra regolatore di quanto $i
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parents:
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9841 uede in quelle facciate. dalche ne na$ceno gli $porti, i ra$tremamenti, i battimenti de i lumi, &amp;
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parents:
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9842 delle ombre, l'entrate, l'u$cite delle parti de i membri, il uicino, il lontano, &amp; lo incrocciamento</I>
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parents:
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9843 <pb n="257">
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parents:
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9844 <I>de i raggi, &amp; la ragione de gli angol, $otto liquali $i uede tutto quello, che $i uede. $econdo la
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parents:
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9845 conueneuole uariet&agrave; de gli a$petti. nelche &egrave; opra di bel giudicio di $aper ponere il punto co$iac-
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parents:
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9846 commodatamente, che tutto quello, che $i uede dipinto rappre$enti un $ito, &amp; un'e$$er naturale
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parents:
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9847 delle co$e, &amp; niente $ia di sforzato, di precipito$o, di difforme, di $garbato, come $i uede nelle
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parents:
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9848 $cene di molti le co$e oltra modo picciole, gli edificij, che traboccano, i fuggimenti tanto al ba$-
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parents:
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9849 $o punto $enza dolcezza tirati, che n&egrave; dappre$$o, n&egrave; da lontano po$$ono e$$ere con diletto ueduti.
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9850 Que$ta nece$$it&agrave; mi ha mo$$o a uoler giouare, quanto per me $i puo, anche in que$ta parte a gli $tu
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parents:
diff changeset
9851 dio$i. &amp; per&ograve; io ho $critto di pro$pettiua con uie, &amp; modi ragioneuoli drizzati alla pratica che
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9852 &egrave; detta $cenografia. &amp; ho gettato i fondamenti di que$ta cognitione, &amp; le regole di que$ta pra-
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9853 tica, con diffinire, diuidere, &amp; dimo$trare, quanto alla detta ragione &egrave; nece$$ario, accioche $enza
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9854 dubitatione l'huomo po$$a porre la ueduta in proprio, &amp; accommodato luogo, accioche non $i ca$
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9855 chi in quelli errori, che di $opra ho detto. iui $i ueder &agrave; la di$po$itione de i piani regolati, &amp; in re-
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diff changeset
9856 golati, in $quadra, &amp; fuori di $quadra, &amp; iperfetti di qualunque corpo $i $ia. il modo di leuare i
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9857 corpi $econdo le altezze loro, &amp; la ragione delle parti delle colonne, &amp; delle tre $orti di $cene, con
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9858 quanto appartiene all'ombreggiare, a i lumi, ad alcuni modi facili per uia d'in$trumenti, &amp; d'al-
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9859 cune altre maniere di que$ta pratica diletteuole, &amp; nece$$aria. ma tornamo a Vitru. che tratta
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9860 de i Theatri de i Greci. &amp; dice.</I>
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9861 <p>Ma ne i Theatri de i Greci non $i deono fare tutte le co$e con le i$te$$e ragioni, perche
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9862 nella circonferenza del piano inferiore, $i come nel Theatro latino gli anguli di quattro
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9863 Triangoli toccauano il giro, &amp; circuito d'intorno, co$i nel Greco gli anguli di tre qua-
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9864 drati deono toccare la detta circonferenza, &amp; il lato di quel quadrato, che &egrave; pro$simo alla
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9865 Scena, &amp; che taglia la curuatura della circonferenza in quella parte di$egna il termine del
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9866 pro$cenio, &amp; d'indi allo e$tremo giro della curuatura $e le tira una linea egualmente di-
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diff changeset
9867 $tante, nellaquale $i di$egna la fronte della $cena. &amp; per lo centro dell'orche$tra a can-
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9868 to il pro$cenio, $i de$criue una linea equidi$tante, &amp; da quella parte doue ella taglia le li-
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9869 nee della circonferenza dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra nelle corna del $emicircolo, $i hanno a
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9870 ponere i centri: &amp; po$ta la $e$ta nella de$tra dallo $pacio $ini$tro $i tira un giro alla de$tra
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9871 parte del pro$cenio, &amp; co$i po$to il centro nel $ini$tro corno dallo $pacio de$tro $i gira al-
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9872 la $ini$tra parte del pro$cenio, &amp; co$i per tre centri con que$ta de$crittione i Greci hanno
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9873 l'orche$tra maggiore, &amp; la $cena piu a dentro, &amp; il pulpito, che chiamano logion, men lar
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9874 go; perche appre$$o de Greci la $cena era data a i recitatori di Tragedie, &amp; di Comedie.
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9875 ma gli altri artefici faceuano i loro ufficij per l'orche$tra. &amp; di qui na$ce, che $eparatamen-
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9876 te da Greci nominati $ono i $cenici, &amp; i Thimelici.
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9877 <p><I>Era appre$$o de Greci l'orchestra maggiore, &amp; per que$to nella di$egnatione de i loro Theatri
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9878 faceuano tre quadrati in un circolo, $i come i Latini faceuano quattro trianguli, e tutto che tan-
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9879 to gli anguli de i triangoli, quanto gli anguli de i quadrati parti$$ero in dodici parti eguali la cir-
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9880 conferenza, era per&ograve; maggiore $pacio nel mezo la doue erano tre quadrati, che la doue erano
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9881 quattro triangoli, perche i lati de i quadrati $ono piu uicini alla circonferenza. &amp; $i come nel
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9882 Theatro de i Latini, un lato d'un triangolo faceua la fronte della $cena, co$i faceua un lato del qua
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9883 drato nel Theatro de Greci, &amp; terminaua il pro$cenio: ma la fronte della $cena era $opra una li-
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9884 nea tirata fuori della circonferenza del circolo, che toccaua pure la circonferenza, &amp; era egual
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9885 mente di$tante a quel lato del quadrato, che terminaua il pro$cenio, di modo che la $cena de i
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9886 Greci era piu rimota, che la $cena de i Latini. Oltra di que$to egli $i tiraua anche una linea, che
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9887 pa$$aua per lo centro, &amp; era come diametro egualmente di$tante al detto lato, &amp; alla fronte del
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9888 la $cena. $opra gli e$tremi di que$ta linea la doue tocca la circonferenza, $i faceua centro, &amp; po$to
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9889 prima l'un piede della $e$ta in uno, l'altro $i allargaua al centro, &amp; uolgendo$i intorno ci daua
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9890 i termini della maggior circonferenza: perche iui era il termine della circonferenza, &amp; ultima
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9891 precintione del Theatro, la doue toccaua la linea del pro$cenio. come &egrave; nel punto B. &amp; C.
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9892 Dellalinea. C. B. &amp; i centri$ono. D. E.</I>
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9893 <pb>
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9894 <pb>
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9895 <pb n="258">
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9896 <fig>
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9897 <foot><I>II</I></foot>
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9898 <pb>
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9899 <pb n="259">
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9900 <p><I>La machina triangulare. O. doue <*> anche la porta regia.</I>
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9901 <p><I>La fronte della $cena F. G. L'Orche$tra P.</I>
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9902 <p><I>Il re$tante &egrave; facile, &amp; gli ho$pitali, &amp; altre $tanze come nel Theatro de Lati<*>i. ucro &egrave;, che
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9903 nella pianta del Latino, nella $cena hauemo fatto tre porte, &amp; in cia$cuna uno triangolo uer$ati-
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9904 le, per accompagnare di pro$pettiua la facciata di mezo, &amp; hauemo congiunto a diuer$o modo
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9905 la $cena del Theatro latino; come che que$to $i po$$a fare in piu modi. ilche ci ha piaciu-
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9906 to come conuenienti$$ima forma, e$$endo $tati auuertiti dalle ruine d'uno antico Theatro, che
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9907 $i troua in Vicenza tra gli horti, &amp; le ca$e d'alcuni cittadini, doue $i $corgeno tre gran nicchi del
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9908 la $cena, la doue noihauemo po$to le tre porte, &amp; il nicchio di mezo &egrave; bello, &amp; grande.</I>
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9909 <p>L'altezza di quel luogo non deue e$$er meno di dieci, n&egrave; piu di dodici piedi. I gradi del
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9910 le $cale tra i cunei, &amp; le $edi all'incontro de gli anguli de i quadrati $iano dtizzati alla pri-
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9911 ma cinta, &amp; da quella cinta tra mezo di quelli, $iano drizzate anche l'altre gradationi &amp; alla
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9912 $omma quanti $aranno altrettanto $iano ampliate.
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9913 <p><I>L'altezza di quelluogo, cio&egrave; del logeo, &amp; pulpito, non deue e$$er meno di dieci, &amp; piu di dodi-
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9914 ci piedi. Vitr. alza il pulpito de i Greci $ette piedi piu del pulpito de i latini, perche e$$endo il pul-
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9915 pito de Latini piu uicino all' orche$tra, non bi$ognaua che egli fu$$e piu alto, ma i Greci che haue-
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9916 uano la loro orche$tra piu rimota dalla $cena poteuano alzar alquanto piu il pulpito loro, $enza
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9917 impedimento della ui$ta, come $i uede che la di$tanza fa parere ba$$e le co$e alte, perche $i uede $e
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9918 uno ua appre$$o una ca$a, non uede il colmo, ma piu che egli s'allontana piu lo di$cuopre, come
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9919 la ragione della pro$pettiua ci fa manifesto. Alzato adunque il pulpito, Vitru. drizza le $cale
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9920 uer$o i cunei, &amp; uuole il mede$imo, cio&egrave; che le $cale, che uanno alla prima cinta non incontrino
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9921 con quelle che uanno alla $econda, &amp; uuole di piu che le $cale, &amp; le $alite $iano raddoppiate quan
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9922 to piu cinte $aranno, come $i uede nella figura.</I>
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9923 <p>Poi che que$te co$e con $omma cura, &amp; $olertia $aranno e$plicate, bi$ogna allhora piu
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9924 diligentemente auuertire, che egli elegga un luogo doue la uoce dolcemente applicata $ia,
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9925 &amp; che $cacciata, ritornando a dietro, non riporti all' orecchie una incerta $igni$icatione
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9926 de lle co$e.
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9927 <p><I>A Vitr. molto preme l'accommodar il luogo alla uoce; per&ograve; oltra le gia dette co$e, egli tutta
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9928 uia ci da precetti di que$to, &amp; ammae$tr amenti belli$$imi; &amp; in uero non $enza grande ragione,
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9929 perche il fine di tutta questa materia di $pettacoli, &egrave; che $i ueda, &amp; che $i oda commodamente.
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9930 Di$tingue adunque i luoghi quanto alla natura del $uono, &amp; dice.</I>
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diff changeset
9931 <p>Sono alcuni luoghi, i quali naturalmente impedi$ceno il mouimento della uoce, come
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diff changeset
9932 $ono i di$$onanti, i circon$onanti, i ri$onanti, &amp; i con$onanti, detti da Greci, catihcon-
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diff changeset
9933 tes, perijchontes, antijchontes, $inichontes. Di$$onanti $ono quelli, ne i quali, poiche $i
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diff changeset
9934 leua la prima uoce offe$a da i corpi $odi di $opra, &egrave; $cacciata al ba$$o, &amp; opprime la $alita
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diff changeset
9935 della $econda uoce.
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diff changeset
9936 <p><I>Come $e egli dice$$e, che il primo giro della uoce intoppando$i in co$a dura, &amp; $oda fu$$e in giu
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diff changeset
9937 rincalzato, &amp; rompe$$e il $econdo giro, doue ne na$ce$$e la di$$onanza, che per uirtu della parola
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diff changeset
9938 Greca $ignifica $uono al ba$$o cacciato, rotto, &amp; franto, perche catichontes, &egrave; qua$i deor$um $o-
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diff changeset
9939 num mittentes. &amp; io ho interpretato di$$onanti a quel modo, che nel Latino $i dice de$picere,
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diff changeset
9940 qua$i deor$um<*> a$picere.</I>
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diff changeset
9941 <p>Circon$onanti luoghi $ono quelli, ne i quali la uoce ri$tretta girando intorno ri$ol-
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diff changeset
9942 uendo$i nel mezo, $uonando $enza gli e$tremi $uoi cadimenti, $i e$tingue la$ciando incer-
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parents:
diff changeset
9943 ta la $ignificatione delle parole.
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parents:
diff changeset
9944 <p><I>Que$ti luoghi fanno rimbombo, perche in quelli ritorna lo i$te$$o bombo o $uono, come d'intor-
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diff changeset
9945 no, &amp; dentro le campane $i perde il $uono, poi che re$ta la perco$$a.</I>
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diff changeset
9946 <p>Ri$onanti $ono quei luoghi, doue e$$endo la uoce in $odo luogo perco$$a, ritornando a
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diff changeset
9947 dietro le imagini, che la e$primeno, fanno doppi all'udito i cadimenti.
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diff changeset
9948 <foot><I>M M Ri$$uona</I></foot>
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diff changeset
9949 <pb n="260">
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diff changeset
9950 <p><I>Ri$uona la uoce percuotendo, &amp; ritoruando a dietro qua$i di rinuerbero, &amp; come iraggi del
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parents:
diff changeset
9951 Sole rifle$$i, co$i la uoce riperco$$a ri$uo<*>a, cio&egrave; di nuouo $uona, &amp; raddoppia la $ua $imiglianza,
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diff changeset
9952 &amp; fa Echo. La cui e$pre<02>ione per piacer no$tro facemmo, come qui $otto. &amp; ne i librino$tri dell'a-
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diff changeset
9953 nima in uer$i latini ne adducemmo la ragione, parlando del mouimento della uoce, &amp; del $en-
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diff changeset
9954 $o dell' udita.</I>
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diff changeset
9955 <p><I>Echo figlia de i bo$chi, &amp; delle ualli,
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diff changeset
9956 Ignudo $pirto, &amp; uoce errante e$ciolta,</I>
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9957 <p><I>Ererno e$$empio d'amoro$i falli
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9958 Che tanto altrui ridice, quanto a$colta,</I>
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diff changeset
9959 <p><I>S'amor ti torne ne $uoi allegri balli
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diff changeset
9960 Et che ti rendi la tua forrna tolta,</I>
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9961 <p><I>Fuor d'este ualli abandonate e $ole,
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parents:
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9962 Sciogli i miei dubbi in $emplici parole.</I>
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9963 <p><I>Echo che co$a &egrave;'l fin d'amore? Amore.
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parents:
diff changeset
9964 Chi fa $ua $trada men $icura? Cura.</I>
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9965 <p><I>Viue ella $empre, o pur $en more? More.
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parents:
diff changeset
9966 Debbio fuggir la $orte dura? Dura.</I>
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9967 <p><I>Chi dar&agrave; fin al gran dolore? L'hore.
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9968 Com'ho da uincer chi &egrave; pergiura? Giura.</I>
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9969 <p><I>Dunque l'inganno ad amor piace? Piace.
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parents:
diff changeset
9970 Che fin &egrave; e$$o guerra o pace? Pace.</I>
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9971 <p>Con$onanti $ono que luoghi ne i quali dal piano la uoce aiutata con augumento cre-
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parents:
diff changeset
9972 $cendo entra nelle orecchie con chiara determinatione delle parole.
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parents:
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9973 <p><I>I luoghi con$onanti $ono affatto contrarij a i di$$onanti, perche in quelle la uoce uiene dal cen-
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parents:
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9974 tro alla circonferenza aiutata, &amp; unita, &amp; cre$ce egualmente. in que$ti la uoce dalla circonfe-
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parents:
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9975 renza al centro &egrave; ribattuta, &amp; rotta. Questa differenza de i luoghi &egrave; molto bella, &amp; ben di-
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parents:
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9976 chiarita da Vitr. per&ograve; dice.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
9977 <p>Et co$i $e nella elettione de i luoghi $i auuertir&agrave; con diligenza, $enza dubbio lo effetto
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parents:
diff changeset
9978 della uoce ne i Theatri $ar&agrave; con prudenza all'utilit&agrave; moderato, &amp; temperato. Ma la de-
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parents:
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9979 $crittione, &amp; i di$egni tra $e con que$te differenze $aranno notati, che quelli di$egni, che
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9980 $i fanno de i quadrati $iano de Greci, &amp; quelli de i trianguli equilateri habbiano l'u$o de'
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parents:
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9981 latini. &amp; co$i chi uorr&agrave; u$are que$te pre$crittioni, condurr&agrave; beni$simo i Theatri. Plinio di-
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parents:
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9982 ce, che l'arena $par$a nell' Orche$tra diuora la uoce.
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9983 <HEAD><I>'De i portichi drieto la Scena, &amp; delle ambulatio-
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9984 ni. Cap. IX.</I></HEAD>
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9985 <p>Deon$i fare i portichi drieto la $cena a que$to fine, accioche quando le pioggie
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parents:
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9986 repentine $turberanno i giuochi, il popolo habbia doue egli $i ricoueri dal
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9987 Theatro, &amp; accioche que luoghi, ne i quali $i danno gli in$trumenti per lo
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parents:
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9988 choro, &amp; lo apparato del choro habbia campo $paciolo. come $ono i porti-
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parents:
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9989 chi Pompeiani, &amp; in A thene i portichi Eumenici, &amp; il Tempio del padre Bacco, &amp; l'Odeo
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9990 a quelli, che e$ceno dalla parte $ini$tra del Theatro, ilquale Pericle di$po$e in A thene con
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parents:
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9991 colonne di pietra, &amp; con gli alberi, &amp; con le antenne delle naui delle $poglie de' Per$iani ri
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9992 coper$e. &amp; lo i$te$$o anche bru$ciato alla guerra Mithridatica il Re Ariobarzane rifece. &amp;
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9993 come a Smirne lo Stratageo.
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9994 <p><I>Choragia $ignifica due co$e, &amp; quelli, che danno lo in$trumento, &amp; l'apparato per li giuo-
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9995 chi, &amp; il luogo di doue $i caua lo in$trumento. Odeum era qua$i uno picciolo Theatro, doue s'u-
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9996 diuano le proue, &amp; le concorrenze de i Mu$ici. Io $timo, che iui s'a$$etta$$ero i Mu$ici, come nel
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9997 Choragio $i a$$ettauano gli hi$trioni, che di quel luogo poi entrauano nella $cena. Stratageo
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9998 chiamerei lo armamento. Fin qui Vitr. ha di$$egnato il Theatro, &amp; dimo$trato $econdo l'u$o
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9999 de Greci, &amp; de Latini, che differenza $ia nelle loro de $ignationi. Hora parla di quelli portichi,
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10000 che erano dietro la $cena, &amp; de i luoghi da pa$$eggiare, perche co$i era ordinato da i buoni Ar-
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10001 chitetti, che a Tempij, &amp; alle ca$e de i grandi, &amp; alle fabriche publiche $i de$$ero i portichi: &amp; que
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10002 $to, come dice Vitru. &amp; per nece<02>it&agrave;, &amp; per diletto, &amp; per ornamento $i faceua.</I>
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10003 <p>Et a Tralli il portico, come d'una $cena; $opra lo $tadio dall'una parte, &amp; l'altra. Et
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10004 <pb n="261">
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10005 come nelle altre citt&agrave;, che hanno hauuto gli Architetti piu diligenti. D'intorno a i The <*>
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parents:
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10006 tri $ono i portichi, &amp; gli $patij da pa$$eggiare: che co$i pare, che $i habbiano a ponere.
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10007 prima che $iano doppi. <I>Cio&egrave; non in altezza, &amp; di due ordini di colonne, ma doppi di $otto.
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10008 &amp; come portichi de i Tempij: &amp; le $eguenti parole lo dinio$trano.</I>
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10009 <p>Et habbiano le colonne e$teriori Doriche, &amp; gli Architraui con gli ornamenti $eco<*>-
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10010 do la ragione della mi$ura Dorica fabricate. Dapoi, che le larghezze loro $iano in mo-
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10011 do, che quanto alte $aranno le colonne di fuori, tanto $iano gli $patij da pa$$eggiare dal-
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10012 la parte di dentro tra le e$treine colonne, &amp; tra le mezane a i pareti, che rinchiudeno il
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diff changeset
10013 portico d'intorno. ma le colonne di mezo $iano per la quinta parte piu alte delle e$teriori.
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diff changeset
10014 <p><I>La ragione &egrave;, perche deono occupare quello $patio, che occupa lo architraue $opra le colonne
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diff changeset
10015 e$teriori; &amp; perche $opra quello di mezo non $i pone architraue, per&ograve; deono e$$er piu alte.</I>
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diff changeset
10016 <p>Et fatte $iano alla lonica, ouero alla Corinthia. Le mi$ure delle colonne, &amp; i com
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diff changeset
10017 partimenti non $aranno fatte con le i$te$$e ragioni, come ho $critto de i Tempij. perche
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10018 conuengono hauere altra grauit&aacute; ne i Tempij de i Dei, &amp; altra $ottilit&agrave; ne i portichi, oue-
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diff changeset
10019 ro nelle altre opere, &amp; per&ograve; $e le colonne $aranno di maniera Dorica, $iano partite le loro
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diff changeset
10020 altezze con i capitelli in parti quindici, &amp; di quelle una $ia il modulo, alla cui ragione $i e$pe
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diff changeset
10021 dir&agrave; tutta l'opera: &amp; da piedi la gro$$ezza della colonna, $i faccia di due moduli: lo $patio
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diff changeset
10022 tra le colonne di cinque &amp; meza: l'altezza delle colonne eccetto il capitello di quattordici
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diff changeset
10023 moduli: l'altezza del capitello d'uno modulo: la larghezza di due, &amp; d'un $e$to: le altre
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diff changeset
10024 mi$ure del re$tante dell'opera, $i faranno, come s'&egrave; detto de i Tempij nel quarto libro.
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diff changeset
10025 Ma s'egli $i faranno le colonne Ioniche, il fu$to della colonna oltra la ba$a, &amp; il capitello
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diff changeset
10026 $ia diui$o in otto parti &amp; meza, &amp; di que$te una $ia data alla gro$$ezza della colonna: la ba-
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diff changeset
10027 $a con l'orlo $ia fatta per la met&agrave; della gro$$ezza. Il capitcllo $i far&agrave; con la ragion detta
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diff changeset
10028 nel terzo libro. Se la colonna $ar&agrave; di maniera Corinthia, il fu$to, &amp; la ba$a $ia come la Io
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diff changeset
10029 nica, ma il capitello $econdo che &egrave; $critto nel quarto libro. La aggiunta del piede$talo,
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diff changeset
10030 che $i fa per gli $cabelli di$pari, $ia pre$a dal di$egno $opra $critto nel terzo libro. Gli Ar-
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parents:
diff changeset
10031 chitraui, goeciolatoi, &amp; tutto il re$to de membri, $econdo la ragione delle colonne $i
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parents:
diff changeset
10032 piglieranno da gli $critti, de i uolumi $uperiori. Ma gli $patij di mezo, che $aranno alla
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10033 $coperta tra i portichi, $i deono ornare di uerdure, perche il pa$$eggiare alla $coperta ritie-
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10034 ne gran $alubrit&agrave;: &amp; prima da gli occhi, perche lo aere a$$otigliato dalle uerdure, entran
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diff changeset
10035 do per cagione del mouimento del corpo, a$$ottiglia la $pecie del uedere, &amp; co$i leuan-
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10036 do il gro$$o humore da gli occhi la$cia la ui$ta $ottile, &amp; la $pecie acuta. Oltra di que$to
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diff changeset
10037 $caldando$i il corpo per lo mouimento del caminare, a$ciugando lo aere gli humori dalle
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10038 membra, $cema la pienezza loro, &amp; di$sipando gli a$$ottiglia, perche ne $ono molto piu di
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10039 quello, che il corpo puo $o$tenere. Et che que$to co$i $ia, egli $i puo auuertire, che e$-
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10040 $endo le fonti dell'acque al coperto, ouero e$$endo $otterra la copia palu$tre, non $i leua
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diff changeset
10041 da quelli alcuno humore nebulo$o, ma $i bene ne i luoghi aperti, &amp; liberi, quando il na-
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10042 $cente $ole col $uo caldo uapore ri$calda il mondo, eccita da i luoghi humidi, &amp; abondanti
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10043 d'acqua gli humori, &amp; quelli in$ieme raunati $ollieua. Se adunque co$i pare, che ne i luo
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10044 ghi aperti i piu graui humori $iano per lo aere $ucchiati da i corpi, come dalla terra per le
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10045 nebbie $i uede, io non pen$o, che dubbio $ia, che non $i debbia porre nelle citt&agrave; gli $patij
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10046 da caminare $coperti $otto il puro cielo. Ma perche que$te uie non $iano fango$e, ma
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10047 $empre a$ciutte, in que$to modo $i deue fare. Siano cauate, &amp; profondi$simamente uuo
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10048 tate, &amp; dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra $i facciano le chiauiche murate, &amp; ne i pareti di quel-
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diff changeset
10049 le, che riguardano al luogo doue $i pa$$eggia $iano fatte le canne piegate con la cima loro
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10050 nelle chiauiche, &amp; dapoi che quelle co$e $aranno fatte compiutamente, bi$ogna empire
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10051 quelli luoghi di carboni, &amp; le uie di $opra $iano coperte di $abbione, &amp; i$pianate, co$i per
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10052 la naturale rarit&agrave; de i carboni, &amp; per le canne ri$pondenti alle chiauiche $i riceuer&agrave; l'acqua
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10053 <foot><I>M M</I> 2</foot>
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10054 <pb n="262">
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parents:
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10055 doue $enza humore, &amp; a$eiutte $aranno le uie da pa$$eggiare. Appre$$o in que$te opere $o
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10056 no le monitioni fatte da i maggiori nelle citt&agrave; delle co$e nece$$arie. perche ne gli a$$edi
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10057 ogni co$a $i puo hauere piu facilmente, che le legna. perche prima il $ale piu facilmente $i
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10058 puo portare, i grani nel publico, &amp; nel priuato piu e$peditamente $i a$$unano: &amp; $e per ca
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10059 $o uengono al manco, con l'herbe, &amp; con la carne, &amp; con i legumi $i riparano: le acque
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parents:
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10060 col cauare de i pozzi, &amp; con le gran pioggic dalle tegole $i raccoglicno. ma la monitione
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parents:
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10061 &amp; proui$ione delle legna tanto nece$$aria a cuocere il cibo, &egrave; difficile, &amp; noio$a: perche
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parents:
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10062 tardo $i conduce, &amp; piu $i con$uma in que$ti tempi del bi$ogno delle legna, &amp; de gli a$$e
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10063 dij. S'apreno que$ti cortili, o $patij $coperti, &amp; $i diuideno le mi$ure partitamente a cia-
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10064 $cuna te$ta, &amp; co$i que$ti luoghi $coperti fatti per pa$$eggiare danno due belle, &amp; buone co
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10065 $e: una nella pace, che &egrave; la $anit&agrave;, l'altra nella guerra, che &egrave; la $alute. Per quelle ragioni adun
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parents:
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10066 que gli $patij da pa$$eggiare non $olo dopo la $cena del Theatro, ma anche po$ti appre$$o
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10067 i Tempij di tutti i Dei potranno e$$er nelle citt&agrave; di grandi$simo giouamento. Et per-
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10068 che molto chiaramentemi pare hauer detto di tali co$e, hora pa$$er&ograve; a dimo$trare la ragio
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parents:
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10069 ne de i bagni.
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parents:
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10070 <p><I>Io non $aprei che aggiugnere a Vitr. $enon a pompa, per&ograve; $eguitando la di$po$itione de i bagni,
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10071 di quelli ne ragioneremo.</I>
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parents:
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10072 <HEAD><I>Della di$po$itione, &amp; delle parti de i bagni.
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10073 Cap. X.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
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10074 <p>Primamente egli $i deue eleggere un luogo, che $ia caldi$simo, cio&egrave; riuolto dal
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parents:
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10075 $ettentrione, &amp; dallo A quilone, &amp; quelli luoghi, che $i faranno per ri$caldare
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parents:
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10076 ouero intepidire, habbiano i lumi da quella parte, doue tramonta il $ole la in-
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10077 uernata. Ma $e la natura del luogo ci $ar&agrave; d'impedimento, egli $i piglier&agrave; il lu
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10078 me dal meriggie; pche il t&etilde;po di lauar$i $pecialmente &egrave; $tato po$to dal meriggie al ue$pero.
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parents:
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10079 <p><I>Vitr. ci accommoda gentilmente ne i bagni, &amp; dice quello, che &egrave; n<17>ce$$ario all'u$o, hauendo
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10080 $olamente ri$petto al bi$ogno. Imperoche prima le Therme non er ano in quel pregio, che uenne-
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10081 no poi, anzi ui era $olamente il bagno de$tinato alla $anit&agrave; del corpo. indi poi cre$cendo la lu$$u-
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parents:
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10082 ria con le ricchezze $otto il nome di Therme edificauano co$e magnifiche &amp; grandi, con portichi,
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10083 bo$chetti, natatoi, pi$cine, &amp; altre co$e, $econdo le uoglie &amp; appetiti de gli<*> Imperatori, &amp; de
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parents:
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10084 gran per$onaggi. lo e$poner&ograve; prima quello, che dice Vitr. &amp; poi ui di$correr&ograve; $opra $econdo il bi-
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10085 $ogno. Vuole adunque, che i bagni $iano in luoghi caldi$$imi, &amp; dichiara quali $iano, &amp; dice
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10086 e$$er quelli, che non riguardano a Tramontana: &amp; perche erano luoghi ne i bagni, ne i quali
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parents:
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10087 prima s'intepidiuano i corpi, &amp; poi $i ri$caldauano, per non entrare dal freddo $ubito
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10088 al caldo, per&ograve; uuole, che $i prenda il lume per questi luoghi da quella parte, doue il $ole tramon
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parents:
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10089 ta la inuernata, che &egrave; da Garbino. &amp; quando il luogo non pati$ca que$ta commodit&agrave;, uuole, che
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10090 $i pigli dal mezo giorno. Le ragioni di que$ti precetti $ono facili.</I>
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10091 <p>Anchora $i deue auuertire, che i luoghi, doue gli huomini &amp; le donne $i hanno a ri$cal
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10092 dare, $iano congiunti, &amp; po$ti a quelle i$te$$e parti. perche co$i auenir&agrave;, che ad amendue
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10093 que luoghi dal forno ne i ua$i $eruir&agrave; l'u$o commune. Sopra il fornello douemo porre tre
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10094 ua$i di rame, uno che $i chiama il caldario, l'altro il tepidario, il terzo rinfre$catoio.
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10095 &amp; $i deono collocare in que$to ordine, che quanta acqua u$cir&agrave; dal caldario, tanta in quel-
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10096 lo ui uegna dal tepidario, &amp; co$i allo i$te$$o modo, dal rin$re$catoio nel tepidiario di$cen
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10097 da. &amp; dal uapore della fornace commune a tutti $caldati $iano i uolti de i letti, $opra i quall
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10098 $ono que ua$i.
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10099 <p><I>Siano congiunti i luoghi doue gli huomini, &amp; le donne $i hanno a $caldare, perche uno i$te$$o</I>
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10100 <pb n="263">
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10101 <I>forno ri$calder &agrave; amendue gli $caldatoi, &amp; anche i tepidarij: &amp; $iano anche uolti alle i$te$$e parti
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10102 del cielo. Il rinfre$catoio, cio&egrave; il ua$o dell'acqua fredda, $ar&agrave; nel luogo di $opra. que$ti infonder&agrave;
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10103 l'acqua nel ua$o tepidario, &amp; que$to nel caldario. Et il caldo uapore della fornace dar&agrave; $otto al
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10104 fondo di que ua$i, ma al caldario ne dar&agrave; poco, al tepidario meno, a quel di $opra niente: &amp; c'in-
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10105 $egna il modo di $o$pendere quelli ua$i, &amp; dice.</I>
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10106 <p>Il $o$pendere de i caldai $i fa prima in modo, che il $uolo $ia $alicato di tegole d'un pie-
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10107 de, &amp; mezo; ma $ia quel $alicato pendente uer$o la bocca del fornello, come $e $i getta$$e
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10108 dentro una palla, ella non pote$$e $tarui dentro, &amp; fermar$i, ma di nuouo ritorna$$e alla
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10109 bocca della fornace, percioche a que$to modo la fiamma da $e piu facilmente andr&agrave; ua-
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10110 gando $otto il luogo doue $tanno que ua$i $o$pe$i. Ma di $opra $i deono fare i pila$trelli
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10111 con mattoni di otto once, co$i di$po$ti, che $opra quelli $i po$sino fermare le tegole di
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10112 due piedi; ma i pila$trelli $iano alti due piedi, impa$tati di argilla, o creta, &amp; peli ben bat
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10113 tuti, &amp; $opra quelli $i pongano tegole di due piedi, le quali $o$tentino il pauimento. le
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10114 concamerationi, o uolti $aranno piu utili, $e $i faranno di $truttura. ma $e $aranno ta$$el-
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10115 li, o di legname bi$ogna porui $otto l'opera di terra cotta, &amp; farle con que$ta maniera.
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10116 Faccian$i le tegole, o lame, o gli archi di ferro, &amp; que$ti con i$pe$si$simi oncini di ferro
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10117 $iano $o$pe$i al ta$$ello, &amp; quelle re gole, o archi $iano in tal modo di$po$ti, che $i po$$a
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10118 $opra due di quelli po$are le tegole $enza i loro margini, &amp; co$i tutte le uolte po$ando$i,
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10119 &amp; ferma ndo$i $opra il ferro $iano condotte, &amp; perfette. Et i con$trignimenti, &amp; lega-
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10120 menti di quelle uolte dalla parte di $opra $iano coperti leggiermente di argilla battuta in-
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10121 $ieme con peli. ma la parte di $otto, che riguarda al pauimento $ia rimboccata con te$to-
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10122 le rotte, &amp; con calce, dapoi con belle coperte polita, intonicata, &amp; biancheggiata. Et
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10123 que$te uolte $e $aranno doppie ne i luoghi, &amp; alli detti $caldatoi, $aranno di piu utilit&agrave;,
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10124 perche l'humore non potr&agrave; far danno al palco, o ta$$ello, ma potr&agrave; fra due uolte libera-
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10125 mente uagare.
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10126 <p><I>Vitr. c'in$egna come douemo fare i uolti, &amp; il cielo de i bagni, &amp; quanto alla materia, &amp;
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10127 quanto alle parti: ma prima egli ci dimo$tra come bi$ogna fare il pauimento del bagno per alzar-
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10128 lo da terra, &amp; dall'humore dicendo, che bi$ogna la$tricare con tegole d'un piede, &amp; mezo il pia
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10129 no, il quale penda uer$o la bocca del forno; $opra il la$tricato uuole, che $i drizzino alcuni pila-
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10130 $trelli alti due piedi fatti di quadrelli di due terzi di piede, &amp; impa$tati con creta ben battuta con
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10131 piedi, il che $i fa perche stia $alda al fuoco, $opra i pilastrelli egli s'impone le tegole di due piedi
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10132 che $o$tentano il pauimento, $otto il quale $i poneua il fuoco, che per certe trombe, o canali nel-
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10133 le gro$$ezze de i pareti uaporaua, come s' &egrave; auuertito in alcuni luoghi ritrouati nuouamente, do-
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10134 ue gli antichi faceuano calde le $tanze loro. ilche per le figure ho dimo$trato nel $eguente libro al
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10135 decimo Capo. Quanto ueramente appartiene alle concamerationi, o cielo de i bagni, Vitr. ci
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10136 d&agrave; le regole, &amp; dice, che in due mod $i po$$ono fare, l'uno di muratura, l'altro di opera di legna
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10137 me. Bi$ogna adunque con$iderare, &amp; di$correre $opra le parti di $otto, di mezo, &amp; di $opra,
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10138 &amp; il modo di farle. Le dette parti $ono tutto un corpo, ilquale ha bi$ogno d'e$$ere $o$tentato,
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10139 perche $enza legamento, &amp; $o$tentamonto ruinarebbe: &amp; per&ograve; il legamento $i far&agrave; in que$to mo
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10140 do. Egli $i far&agrave; gli archi di ferro con li$te, &amp; lame di ferro attrauer$ate, &amp; incrocciate, &amp;
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10141 que$ti archi, &amp; lame con $pe$$i oncini a gui$a di anchore $iano attaccate al tauolato, ma tanto
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10142 larghe una dall' altra, che $opra quelle $i po$$ino po$are le te$te di due tegole: &amp; questa $ar&agrave; la
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10143 parte di mezo. ma di $opra egli $i fara come uno terrazzo di creta con peli impa$tata, &amp; molto
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10144 bene battuta, &amp; domata: &amp; il cielo di $otto, che $opra$ta al pauimento $ar&agrave; $maltato, &amp; rim-
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10145 boccato con te$tole pe$te, &amp; calce, dapoi intonicato, &amp; coperto gentilmente &amp; biancheggiato.
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10146 Et $e que$te uolte $aranno doppie, cio&egrave; una $opra l'altra con debito $patio, daranno maggiore uti
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10147 lit&agrave;, &amp; difenderanno i ta$$elli da i uapori. Hora hauendo trattato del piano, &amp; del uolto de i
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10148 bagni, &amp; di quello, che ui ua $opra, &amp; come, &amp; di che materia $i hanno a fare, $eguita Vitr. &amp;
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10149 ci d&agrave; le mi$ure dicendo.</I>
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10150 <pb n="264">
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10151 <p>Le grandezze de i bagni $i hanno a fare $econdo la moltitudine de gli huomini. ma $ia-
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10152 no per&ograve; in que$to modo compartite, che quanto ha da e$$er la lunghezza leuandone un ter
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10153 zo fatta $ia la larghezza, oltra il luogo doue $i $ta ad a$pettare d'intorn&oacute; al labro, &amp; la fo$
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10154 $a. Bi$ogna fare il labro $otto il lume, accioche quelli, che ui $tanno d'intorno non togli
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10155 no il lume con l'ombre loro. Gli $patij de i labri detti $chole deueno e$$ere co$i $patio$i,
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10156 che quando i primi haueranno occupato i luoghi, gli altri, che $tanno a torno guardan-
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10157 do po$sino $tare dritti in piedi. La larghezza dello aluco tra'l parete, &amp; il parapetto non
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10158 $ia meno di $ei piedi, accioche il grado inferiore, &amp; il puluino da quella larghezza ne leui
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10159 due piedi. Il Laconico, &amp; le altre parti per li $udatoi $iano congiunte al tepidario, &amp;
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10160 quanto $aranno larghi tanto $iano alti alla curuatura inferiore dello hemi$per&ograve;. Et $ia la-
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10161 $ciato il lume di mezo nello hemi$pero. Et da quello penda il coperchio di rame con ca-
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10162 tene $o$pe$o, il quale alzando$i, &amp; abba$$ando$i dia la tempra del $udore, &amp; per&ograve; pa-
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10163 re, che egli $i debbia fare a $e$ta, accioche la forza del uapore, &amp; della fiamma per le uol
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10164 te della curuatura egualmente dal mezo partendo$i po$$a uagare.
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10165 <p><I>La dichiar atione di alcuni uocaboli ci dar&agrave; ad intendere quanto dice Vitr. Deon$i fare i bagni
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diff changeset
10166 $econdo la moltitudine delle per$one. Egli $i legge che Agrippa ne fece cento &amp; $ettanta a bene-
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10167 ficio del populo. crebbero poi qua$i in infinito, &amp; col numero $i $atisfaceua a quello, che la gran
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10168 dezza non poteua pre$tare. La mi$ura era, che la lunghezza fu$$e tre parti, &amp; la larghezza
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10169 due. Ecco la proportione $e$quialtera. ma in que$ta larghezza non $i comprendeua il labro, &amp;
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10170 il luogo, doue a$pettauano quelli, che doueuano e$$ere lauati. L'altro era una fo$$a, o ua$o capa
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10171 ci<02>imo, dentro il quale era l'acqua da lauare, d'intorno il quale erano alcuni parapetti, doue le
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10172 per$one s'appoggiauano a$pettando, che i primi u$ci$$ero del labro, que$ti $ono detti$chole, ouero,
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diff changeset
10173 (il che mi piace piu) erano alcune banche d'intorno i labri, doue $i a$pettaua, &amp; la larghezza
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10174 del labro, che egli chiama aluco tra il parete &amp; il parapetto, era di piedi $ei, due de i quali era-
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10175 no occupati dal grado inferiore, &amp; dal puluino, il quale $timo io, che fu$$e una parte, doue s'ap-
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10176 poggiauano $tando nel bagno. il labro era $otto il lume. Il Laconico era quello, che anche $uda-
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diff changeset
10177 toio $i chiama, detto co$i da i Lacedemonij, perche in luoghi $imili $i $oleuano e$$ercitare. Clipeo
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10178 io ho interpretato coperchio, &amp; &egrave; co$i detto dalla forma d'uno $cudo, che era rotonda. que$to era
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diff changeset
10179 di rame, &amp; $i alzaua, &amp; abba$$aua per temperare il caldo del bagno. Leggi Palladio al Capo
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diff changeset
10180 quadr age$imo del primo libro.</I>
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10181 <fig>
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diff changeset
10182 <pb n="265">
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diff changeset
10183 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
10184 <HEAD><I>Della edificatione delle pale$tre, &amp; de Xisti.
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parents:
diff changeset
10185 Cap. XI.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
10186 <p>Hora a me pare (tutto che que$to non s'u$i in Italia, di dichiarire il modo di
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parents:
diff changeset
10187 fare le pale$tre, &amp; di dimo$trare come $iano fabricate appre$$o de i Greci.
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parents:
diff changeset
10188 Fanno$i adunque in tre portichi le exedre $pacio$e, che hanno i luoghi da $e-
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parents:
diff changeset
10189 dere, nellequali i Filo$ofi, i Rhetori, &amp; gli altri, che $i dilettano de gli $tudij,
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parents:
diff changeset
10190 po$$ono $edendo di$putare. Nelle pale$tre i colonnati, &amp; porticali d'intorno $i hanno a
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diff changeset
10191 fare quadrati, ouero alquanto lunghi in modo, che habbiano gli $pacij da caminare intor-
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diff changeset
10192 no due $ta di, de i quali di$po$ti $iano tre porticali $emplici: ma il quarto, che $ar&agrave; uer$o
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diff changeset
10193 il meriggie bi$ogna, che $ia doppio, accioche e$$endo il tempo uento$o, non po$si l'acqua
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10194 per li $trauenti entrarui $otto. Nel portico, che $ar&agrave; doppio $iano po$te que$te membra.
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10195 il luogo da ammae$trare i Garzoni, detto ephebeo $ia nel mezo. (&amp; que$to &egrave; una e$edra
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diff changeset
10196 ampli$sima con le $ue $edi lunga uno terzo piu, che larga) $otto il de$tro, il luogo da am-
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10197 mae$trar le Garzone, &amp; appre$$o u'&egrave; il luogo doue s'impoluerauano gli Athleti, detto co-
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10198 ni$terio, dalqual luogo nel uoltare del portico $ta il bagno freddo chiamato. lutron. ma
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10199 dalla $ini$tra del luogo de i Garzoni, &egrave; il luogo da ugner$i, detto Eleothe$io, appre$$o il-
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10200 quale &egrave; il luogo da rinfre$car$i, dalquale $i ua al luogo della fornace detto propigneo, nel
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10201 uoltar del portico. ma appre$lo poi nella parte di dentro dirimpetto al frigidario, $ono i
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10202 $udatoi di l&utilde;ghezza il doppio alla larghezza, che nel uoltare habbiano da una parte il Laco
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10203 nico, compo$te come &egrave; $o pra$critto. a dirimpetto del Laconico il bagno caldo. nella pa-
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10204 le$tra $iano i peri$tili compartiti, come s'&egrave; detto di $opra. Ma dalla parte di fuori deono
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10205 e$$ere di$po$ti tre portichi, uno la doue $i e$ce dal peri$tilio, due dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini-
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diff changeset
10206 $tra chiamati $tadiati. di que$ti portichi quello, che riguarda al Settentrione $i fa doppio,
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10207 &amp; di ampli$sima larghezza, l'altro &egrave; $emplice, &amp; fatto in modo, che nelle parti, che $ono
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10208 d'intorno i pareti, &amp; in quelle, che $ono uer$o le colonne habbia i margini come $entieri
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10209 non meno di dieci piedi, &amp; il mezo cauato di modo, che due gradi $iano della di$ce$a d'<*>n
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10210 <pb n="266">
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parents:
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10211 piede &egrave; mezo da i margini al piano, ilqual piano non $ia meno largo di piedi dodici; &amp; co$i
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parents:
diff changeset
10212 quelli, che ue$titi camineranno ne i margini, non $aranno impediti da quelli, che unti $i
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parents:
diff changeset
10213 e$$ercitano. Que$to portico da Greci &egrave; chiamato Xi$to, perche gli Athleti, al tempo del
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parents:
diff changeset
10214 uerno $otto il coperto ne gli $tadij $i e$$ercitauano. i Xi$ti $i deono fare $i che tra due por-
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parents:
diff changeset
10215 tichi, ui $iano $elue, &amp; le piantationi, &amp; in que$ti $i facciano tra gli alberi, le $trade, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
10216 iui d'A$tracco $iano collocate le $tanze. Appre$$o il Xi$to, &amp; il portico doppio $i hanno a
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parents:
diff changeset
10217 di$egnare i luoghi $coperti da caminare detti Peridromide da Greci. ne i quali il uerno
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parents:
diff changeset
10218 quando &egrave; $ereno il tempo u$cendo gli Athleti, $i po$sino e$$ercitare. Dapoi lo Xi$to $ar&agrave;
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parents:
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10219 formato lo $tadio cio&egrave; il luogo da e$$ercitar$i in modo, che la moltitudine delle genti po$-
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10220 $a commodamente guardare gli Athleti, che combatteno. Io ho de$critto diligentemen-
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parents:
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10221 te quelle co$e che erano nece$$arie dentro le mura ad e$$ere acconciamente di$po$te.
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parents:
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10222 <p><I>Quanto dice Vitr. &egrave; chiaro a ba$tanza con la no$tra interpretatione. la doue egli $i deue au-
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parents:
diff changeset
10223 uertire quanto $tudio pone$$ero gli antichi nello e$$ercitio, &amp; come acconciamente prouede$$ero
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10224 a i bi$ogni. &amp; a i piaceri de gli huomini. Le figure anche delle $opradette co$e faranno manife-
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parents:
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10225 Re le parole di Vitru.</I>
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parents:
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10226 <p><I>A. Ephebeo.</I>
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parents:
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10227 <p><I>B. Coriceo.</I>
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parents:
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10228 <p><I>C. Coni$terio.</I>
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parents:
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10229 <p><I>D. Lauatione fredda.</I>
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10230 <p><I>E. Eleothe$io.</I>
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10231 <p><I>F. Luogo freddo.</I>
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10232 <p><I>G. Propigneo.</I>
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parents:
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10233 <p><I>H. Sudatione concamerata.</I>
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10234 <p><I>I. Laconico.</I>
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parents:
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10235 <p><I>K. Calda lauatione.</I>
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10236 <p><I>L. Portico di fuori.</I>
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10237 <p><I>M. portico doppio, che guarda al Settentrione.</I>
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10238 <p><I>N. Portico doue $i e$$ercitauano gli Athleti detto Xi$tos.</I>
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10239 <p><I>O. Platanones, &amp; le $elue tra due portici.</I>
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10240 <p><I>P. Doue erano le ambulationi $coperte, &amp; gli athleti $i e$$ercitauano al tempo della
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10241 $tate. &amp; appre$$o lacine $ono dette Xi$ta.</I>
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10242 <p><I>Q. Lo $tadio doue $i $taua a uedere gli Athleti.</I>
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10243 <p><I><19>. Leuante.</I>
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10244 <p><I>O. O$tro.</I>
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10245 <p><I>P. Ponente.</I>
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10246 <p><I><19>. Tramontana.</I>
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10247 <p>I I I I. <I>Stacione &amp; ripo$i.</I>
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diff changeset
10248 <p><I>Il re$tante $ono e$$edre, &amp; $cole.</I>
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diff changeset
10249 <pb n="267">
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10250 <fig>
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diff changeset
10251 <foot><I>NN</I></foot>
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10252 <pb n="268">
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10253 <HEAD><I>De i Porti, &amp; del Fabricare nelle Acque:
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10254 Cap. XII.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
10255 <p>Egli non $i deuc la$<*>iar di dire, delle commodit&agrave; de i porti. ma bi$ogna dichia.
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diff changeset
10256 rire con che ragioni $iano in quelli $ecure le naui dalle forrune. Que$tiadun-
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10257 que $e $ono naturalmente po$ti, &amp; che habbiano le promontore, o capi$o-
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10258 pra l'acqua, $i che per la natura del luogo s'ingol$ino, hanno grandi$sime
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diff changeset
10259 utilit&agrave;, perche d'intorno s'hanno a fare i portichi, &amp; i nauali, ouero da i portichi l'entrate
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10260 a i fondachi, o dogane, &amp; dall'una, &amp; l'altra parte $i deono fare le torri, dalle quali con
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10261 machine $i po$sino tirare dall'una all'altra banda le catene. Ma $e egli non $i hauer&agrave; luo-
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10262 go idoneo per natura d'a$sicurare le naui dalle fortune, $i far&agrave; in que$to modo, che $e egli
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10263 non ci $ar&agrave; fiume, che impedi$ca, ma da una parte $ar&agrave; la $tatione, cio&egrave; il luogo doue $i-
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10264 curamente $tanno le naui, (che noi dicemo buon $orgitore) allhora dall'altra con gli ar-
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parents:
diff changeset
10265 gini, &amp; con le fabriche $i uenir&agrave; in fuori, &amp; $i far&agrave; progre$$o, &amp; a que$to modo $i deono
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10266 formare le chiu$e de i porti.
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10267 <p><I>Il fine del porto &egrave; d'a$$icurar le naui da i uenti, &amp; dalle fortune di mare, &amp; per&ograve; deue e$$ere
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10268 $icuro, &amp; capace. La $icurt&agrave; ouero &egrave; naturale, ouero aiutata dall'arte. la naturale dipende dal
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10269 $ito del luogo, quando il luogo &egrave; ingolfato, &amp; inarcato, &amp; fa le corna come la Luna, &amp; quando
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10270 i capi alti come promontori uengono in fuori, &amp; i lati difendeno il golfo da i uenti. ne $i puo dire
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10271 quanto gioua un tal $ito. perche prima &egrave; $icuro, dapoi &egrave; commodo; perche nella curuatura $i fan-
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10272 no i luoghi da $aluare le mercantie, ci $ono i Fondachi, le dogane, i bazzari, &amp; altri luoghi op-
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10273 portuni. Io ho ueduto molti luoghi nella Scotia che per natura $ono porti $icuri$$imi, &amp; fra
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10274 gli altri ue n' &egrave; uno, che $i chiama nella lingua Scoce$e $icher $and, cio&egrave; arena di $alute, &amp; porto
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10275 tranquillo. Que$to non ha Vinetia, ma la poca $icurt&agrave; del porto, &egrave; la molta $icurt&agrave; della citt&agrave;:
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parents:
diff changeset
10276 uengono per&ograve; le naui nella Laguna, &amp; iui $i $aluano. Quando adunque egli $i hauer&agrave; $ito dalla
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10277 natura poca f<*>tica ci uuole. il porto &egrave; $icuro &amp; per la bocca, &amp; per le rocche, &amp; per li fian-
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10278 chi: nece$$ario &egrave; adunque di fare con arte, quello che la natura non ci concede. per&ograve; Vitru. ricor-
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10279 rendo all'arte dice.</I>
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parents:
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10280 <p>Ma le fabriche, che $i hanno a fare nell'acqua co$i pare, che $i habbiano a fare: che egli
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parents:
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10281 $i porti la polue da quelle parti, che $ono dalle Cumi fin al promontoro di Minerua, &amp; me
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diff changeset
10282 $colarla nel mortaio in modo che due ad una ri$pondino. poi la doue $i hauer&agrave; deliberato
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parents:
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10283 di fabricare bi$ogna poner nell'acqua le ca$$e di roucre, &amp; rinchiu$e con catene mandarle
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10284 giu nell'acqua, et tenerle fermamente a fondo. Dapoi quella parte, che $ar&agrave; tra le ca$$e al
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parents:
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10285 ba$$o $ott'acqua, $i deue i$pianare, &amp; purgare, &amp; iui gettarui di quella materia impa$tata,
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10286 &amp; me$colata nel mortaio, con la mi$ura data di $opra, &amp; con cementi, fin che $i empia lo
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diff changeset
10287 $pacio, che $i deue murare, quello dico, che &egrave; tra le ca$$e; &amp; que$to dono di natura hanno
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10288 que luoghi, che hauemo detto di $opra.
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10289 <p><I>Qui l'u$o della pozzolana &egrave; mirabile come ci ha detto Vitr. nel $econdo libro al $e$to capo. Do-
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10290 ue adunque $ia, che potiamo hauere copia di pozzolana, poneremo due parti di quella, &amp; una
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10291 di calce, &amp; faremo nella fo<02>a, che Vitr. chiama mortario una buona pa$ta, &amp; ben uoltata, &amp;
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10292 battuta, poi faremo delle cataratte, &amp; ca$$oni di legname di rouere, dette arche da Vitru. &amp; $i
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10293 faranno a que$to modo. Piglia le traui di rouere molto bene i$pianate, &amp; per la loro lunghezza
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10294 da una te$ta all'altra farai de i $olchi, o canaletti, larghi fecondo la larghezza del taglio delle
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10295 tauole, che ui hanno d'andar dentro. queste tauole deono e$$ere di eguale grandezza, &amp; gro$$ez
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10296 za, &amp; con le te$te loro inca$trate ne i canaletti gia fatti. &amp; a que$to modo $tando le traui dritte,
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10297 &amp; con giu$ti $pacij lontane una dall'altra, perche $i drizzano piu di due traui per lato, &amp; inca-</I>
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10298 <pb n="269">
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10299 <I>tenate le tauole $ermamente, &amp; otturate le commi$$i<*> e a forza $i manderanno i fondo, &amp; &igrave;ui $i
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parents:
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10300 teniranno ferme, &amp; immobili. oltra di que$to lo $pacio rinchiu$o tra li ca$$oni, $i uuotera con ruo-
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parents:
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10301 t<*>, &amp; altre machine da leuar l'acque, delle quali Vitr. ne ragiona nel decimo libro, &amp; $i $ar&agrave; il
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10302 luogo piano egualmente, &amp; netto. &amp; $tando $opra trauicelli, o palate, o zatte commodamente, or-
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parents:
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10303 dinate que$te co$e me$colate, &amp; impa$tate nella fo$$a, doue hauerai preparata la $opra detta ma-
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parents:
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10304 teria de cementi, &amp; delle pietre, &amp; di tutto quel corpo cauato dalla fo$$a empirai tutto quello $pa-
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parents:
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10305 cio purgato, che &egrave; tra i ca$$oni, &amp; in que$to modo far&agrave; una pre$a mirabile, &amp; riu$ci&agrave; l'opera
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10306 fatta nell'acqua, &amp; que$to farai quando niuna forza di acqua t'impedir&agrave;. ma quandolo impeto
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parents:
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10307 del mare ti $turba$$e, odi quello che dice Vitr.</I>
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parents:
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10308 <p>Ma $e per lo cor$o, &amp; per la forza dello aperto mare, non $i potranno tenere a fondo i
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parents:
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10309 ca$$oni giu mandati, allhora $ubito $opra l'orlo, &amp; gengiua del mate doue termina il ter-
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parents:
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10310 reno, egli $i deue fare un letto fermi$simo, ilquale $ia piano meno della met&agrave;, ma ilre$tan
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parents:
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10311 te che &egrave; pro$simo al lito $ia pendte, et chino, dapoi uer$o l'acqua, &amp; da i lati intorno al det
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parents:
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10312 to letto $i facciano i margini, &amp; le $ponde a liuello di quel piano, &amp; quello, che &egrave; la$ciato
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10313 pendente oltra la met&agrave; $ia empito di arena tanto, che egli $ia pare al margine &amp; al piano del
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10314 letto. &amp; $opra quel piano $ia fabricato uno pila$tro grande, &amp; fatto, che egli $ia, accioche
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parents:
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10315 $i po$$a $eccarlo, &amp; far pre$a bi$ogna la$ciarlo per due me$i, dapoi $ia tagliato di $otto
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parents:
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10316 quel margine, che $o$tenta l'arena, &amp; co$i l'arena $ommer$a dall'acqua far&agrave; cadere quel
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10317 pila$tro nel mare, &amp; con que$ta ragione richiedendo il bi$ogno $i potr&agrave; andare inanzi fa-
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parents:
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10318 bricando nell'acque.
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parents:
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10319 <p><I>Per fare un braccio $ul mare comincia a poco a poco da terra, &amp; farai un $cagno parte a li-
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parents:
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10320 uello, parte che habbia caduta: &amp; $ia la parte, che pende uer$o il lito. allo $cagno farai i $uoi mar
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parents:
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10321 gini ouero $ponde nella te$ta uer$o il mare, &amp; da i lati a liuello di quello, &amp; la parte, che pende
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parents:
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10322 empirai d'arena pareggiandola alla parte piana. $opra lo $cagno farai uno gro$$o pila$tro della
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parents:
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10323 detta materia, &amp; lo la$ciarai far pre$a et $eccare almeno per due me$i. Taglierai po$cia il mar-
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parents:
diff changeset
10324 gine di $otto, &amp; $ubito uederai u$eire l'arena per la rottura, &amp; mancare di $otto al pila$tro, il-
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parents:
diff changeset
10325 quale non potendo $tare, di nece$$it&agrave; cader&agrave; nell'acqua, &amp; empira la prima parte pro$$ima al li-
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diff changeset
10326 to. &amp; co$i uolendo andar piu in fuori, andarai di mano in mano, &amp; que$to $i far&agrave;, non man-
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diff changeset
10327 cando la pozzolana, o $imil co$a, che fa pre$a nel mare. Ma quando ti manca$$e que$ta ma-
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diff changeset
10328 teria dice Vitru.</I>
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diff changeset
10329 <p>Ma in quei luoghi doue non na$ce la polue, con que$ta ragione dei fabricare. poner $i
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diff changeset
10330 deono la doue ha deliberato di fondare i ca$$oni do ppij intauolati, &amp; concatenati, &amp; tra
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diff changeset
10331 l'uno, &amp; l'altro $ia calcata la creta in$ieme con i $acconi fatti d'alica palu$tre, &amp; poi che
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diff changeset
10332 co$i $ar&agrave; molto bene calcato, &amp; $odi$simamente ripieno quel luogo di mezo tra il doppio
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diff changeset
10333 tauolato, allhora il luogo di mezo tra quel $erraglio deue e$$er uuotato con ruote, con
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10334 timpani, &amp; con altri $trumenti da cauar'acqua, &amp; iui poi tra quella chiu$a $iano cauate
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10335 le fondamenta. &amp; $e iui $ar&agrave; il terreno buono $iano cauate piu gro$$e del muro, che ui an-
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parents:
diff changeset
10336 der&agrave; $opra fino al uiuo, &amp; empite di cementi, calce, &amp; arena. Ma $e'l luogo $ar&agrave; molle, $ia
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10337 battuta la pali$icata di pali d'alno, di oliuo $ilue$tre, ouero di rouere bru$tolati, &amp; em-
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parents:
diff changeset
10338 pito di carboni, $econdo, che detto hauemo, nel fondare de i Theatri, &amp; delle mura. Indi
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diff changeset
10339 poi $ia tirata la cortina del muro di $a$$o quadrato con lunghi$sima legatura, accioche $pe
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parents:
diff changeset
10340 cialmente le pietre di mezo $iano beni$simo contenute. &amp; allhora quel luogo, che $ar&agrave; tra'l
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diff changeset
10341 muro, $ia riempito di roinazzo, ouero di muratura, perche a que$to modo egli $tar&agrave; $i for-
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parents:
diff changeset
10342 te, che $i potr&agrave; fabricarui $opra una torre.
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diff changeset
10343 <p><I>A me pare, che Vitr. $i la$cia intendere, &amp; Leone nel decimo parla diffu$amente del modo di
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diff changeset
10344 fare le cataratte, gli argini, le palificate, i $o$tegni, le ro$te, le botte per tenere, chiudere, con-
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parents:
diff changeset
10345 durre, &amp; di$tornar le acque, perche $i po$$a fabricare, o $i rimedi al danno, o $i prouedi al commo-
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diff changeset
10346 do. pero ci rimettemo alla diligenza$ua.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
10347 <foot><I>NN</I> 2</foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
10348 <pb n="270">
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parents:
diff changeset
10349 <p>Finite que$te co$e $i hauer&agrave; ri$petto, che i luoghi doue hanno a $tare le naui riguardino
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10350 al Settentrione, perche il meriggie per lo caldo genera uermi, &amp; bi$ce, &amp; tarli, &amp; altri ani-
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parents:
diff changeset
10351 mali, che fanno gran danno, &amp; notrendoli gli con$erua, &amp; quelli edificij non deono e$$er
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parents:
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10352 fatti di legnami ri$petto a gli incendij. Ma della grandezza de i nauali non deue e$$ereal-
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parents:
diff changeset
10353 cuna determinatione, ma fatti $iano alla mi$ura, &amp; capacit&agrave; delle naui, accioche $e le naui
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parents:
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10354 di maggior portata $aranno tirate in terra, habbiano il luogo loro con $pacio accommoda
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parents:
diff changeset
10355 to. lo ho $critto in que$to luogo quelle co$e che mi $ono potute uenire a mente, che $i
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10356 po$$ono fare nelle citt&agrave; all'u$o de i publichi luoghi, come deono $tare, &amp; come $i deono
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parents:
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10357 condurre a perfettione. Ma le utilit&agrave; de i priuati edificij, &amp; i loro compartimenti nel $e-
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parents:
diff changeset
10358 guente di$correndo e$poneremo.
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parents:
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10359 <p><I>Poi che a no$tri giorni non hauemo co$a perfetta delle antiche, n&egrave; alcuno $tudia con nuoui edi-
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parents:
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10360 ficij imitare quelle fabriche merauiglio$e, &amp; che pochi $ono tali, che per arte, &amp; per pratica
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10361 po$$ono animo$amente, &amp; con giudicio abbracciare s&igrave; alte impre$e, che facciano Theatri, am$i-
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parents:
diff changeset
10362 theatri, circi, pale$tre, portichi, Ba$iliche, &amp; Tempij degni della grandezza dello mperio, non
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parents:
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10363 $aperei, che mi dire, $e non uoltarmi a quelle fabriche, che $econdo la qualit&agrave; de i tempi no$tri
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parents:
diff changeset
10364 $ono riputate maggiori; &amp; la prima grandezza, che mi uiene dinanzi, &egrave; la fortezza della citt&agrave;,
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parents:
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10365 che con gro$$e, &amp; alte mura $opra larghi<02>imi, &amp; profondi<02>imi fondamenti, ci rappre$enta una
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parents:
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10366 Idea magnifica, &amp; eccellente delle fabriche moderne. quiui oltra la $uperba muraglia otiimamen
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10367 te fiancheggiata, oltra i Baloardi, piate forme, caualieri, $aracine$che; a me pare, che la gran-
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parents:
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10368 dezza delle porte tenga honorato luogo. ma ricercando le altre co$e grandi, mi $i fa incontro il na-
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parents:
diff changeset
10369 uale de' Vinitiani, &amp; la fabrica delle galere, &amp; naui, che hoggi d&igrave; $i u$ano: non d r&ograve;, che'l det-
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parents:
diff changeset
10370 to luogo habbia grandezza per la copia di marmi, &amp; per la magnificenza et $uperbia della ma-
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parents:
diff changeset
10371 teria, che u$auano gli antichine gli edificij loro, perche que$ta eccellenza hanno in altre fabriche
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parents:
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10372 publiche: ma ben dir&ograve; del loro nauale, che tutto quello, che appartiene all'u$o di tutte le co$e, &amp;
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parents:
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10373 alla copia di tutto quello, che bi$ogna al fatto della marinarezza, egli auanza di gran lunga, tut-
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parents:
diff changeset
10374 to quello, che a nostri giorni altroue $i puo uedere. i legni ueramente, &amp; le galere, &amp; i ua$elli &amp;
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parents:
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10375 corpi di barze, &amp; Galeoni $ono ridotti a quella perfettione d<*> capacit&agrave;, di $icurezza, &amp; di com-
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parents:
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10376 modo, che $i puo di$iderare. N&egrave; uoglio che prendiamo meraniglia del detto luogo, come co$a
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parents:
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10377 che $atisfaccia, &amp; pari merauiglio$a ad ogni huomo di giudicio, perche que$ta na$ce da un'altra
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parents:
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10378 co$a piu ammiranda, &amp; degna di e$$er de$iderata non hauuta, &amp; di grande $tudio accioche $ia
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parents:
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10379 con$eruata hauendo$i. la lunga &amp; inuiolat a libert&agrave; di quella citt&agrave; ha partorito que$ta grandez-
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parents:
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10380 za, l'u$o delle co$e maritime, le belle, &amp; molte occa$ioni $ono $tate tali, che non &egrave; potenza $i
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parents:
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10381 grande, che in poco tempo far po$$a quello, che hanno fatto Vinitiani. Que$ta copia, &amp; que$ta
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parents:
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10382 pratica &egrave; cre$ciuta a poco a poco, naturalmente (dir&ograve; co$i) &amp; col genio di quella citt&agrave;. la doue
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parents:
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10383 non $i puo con uiolenza generare co$a, nella quale il tempo ci habbia prerogatiua. per&ograve; non temo
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parents:
diff changeset
10384 io, che $i faccia pregiudicio alla mia patria narrandola, perche chi uorr&agrave; drittamente giudicare
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parents:
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10385 truouer&agrave;, che piu pre$to metterei in di$peratione ogni altro dominio, che uole$$e imitare que$to gran
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10386 de apparato, che dargli animo di cominciare. Io concedo i larghi pae$i di bo$chi, la moltitudine
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parents:
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10387 delle genti, &amp; la grandezza dell imperio, &amp; la uoglia &amp; molte altre commodit&agrave; a gli altri Prin
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parents:
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10388 cipi, ma come potr&ograve; dar loro un l<*>ngo $tudio, un'e$$ercitio di moli'anni, una proui$ione naia dalla
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parents:
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10389 prerogatiua del tempo, come hanno que$ti Signori? Certamente non &egrave; oper a tanto di grand'im-
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parents:
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10390 perij, quanto di continuati, &amp; liberi reggimenti lo artificio inuiato, &amp; ordinato; &amp; $e bene non
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parents:
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10391 s'introduce i gladiatori nelle arene, &amp; nelle $cene gli histrion, &amp; ne gli hippodromi le carette,
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parents:
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10392 s'introduce per&ograve; nello Ar$enale de' Vinitiani uno apparato di acquistare le prouincie, &amp; i regni,
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parents:
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10393 &amp; di leuare anche le uoglie a chi uole$$e in alcun modo turbare la libert&agrave; di quello $tato. &amp; $i co-
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parents:
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10394 me la fortezza di quella citt&agrave; ha hauuto per Architetto, la prouidenza diuina, &amp; il beneficio del
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parents:
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10395 la natura, doue n&egrave; muraglie, n&egrave; fo$$e, n&egrave; fianchi ui hanno luogo: co$i quello, che hanno fatto gli
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parents:
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10396 buomini, &egrave; nato dallo i$te$$o prouedimento diuino, &amp; dal grande amore, che hanno hauuto. &amp;</I>
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parents:
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10397 <pb n="271">
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casties
parents:
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10398 <I>banno i cittadini uer$o la patria, che per ornarla, &amp; ampliarla non hanno $paragnato ad alcuna
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parents:
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10399 fatica. Perilche $i uede l'ordine meraulglio$o delle co$e, che ad un mouer d'occhio $i troua, &amp; $i
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parents:
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10400 caua tutti gli armeggi d'una galera, tutti gli insttrumenti. tutto lo apparato non $olamente $i
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parents:
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10401 uede al $uo luogo con ordine mirabile, ma $i puo pre$ti<02>imamente porre in opera, &amp; oltra l'or-
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parents:
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10402 dinario, che per custtodia del mare &egrave; $empre fuori, l'apparecchio di cento, &amp; piu galere contanta
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diff changeset
10403 facilit&agrave;, &amp; felicit&agrave; dir&ograve; co$i, $i moue dal $uo luogo, che non $i puo credere. Le taglie, le argane,
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10404 le ruote, i na$pi $ono co$i ingenio$amente fatti, po$ti, &amp; orditi, che non &egrave; pe$o $i grande, che non
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10405 $i moua con gran prestezza. Altre fiate non pareuano le co$e, $e bene erano infinite, per che non
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10406 erano co$i bene ordinate et pronte; ma hora dal giudicio del Magnifico me$$er Nicolo Zeno il tut-
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diff changeset
10407 to &egrave; $tato ridotto in uno ordine $i bello, &amp; commodo, che non meno ci d&agrave; da mer auigliare il nume-
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10408 ro, &amp; la grandezza delle co$e, che l'ordine antedetto; co$a nata da uno amoreuole $tudio, &amp; in-
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10409 du$trio$o giudicio di quel gentilbuomo, col quale io era $olito di andare molto $pe$$o nell' Ar$enale
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diff changeset
10410 a far proue di leuar pe$i $mi$urati con poca fatica. Altra occa$ione anchora digrandezza d'ope-
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diff changeset
10411 ra, di $pe$a, &amp; d'ingegno ci porge la diuina prouidenza, &amp; la natura delle co$e, la quale farebbe
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diff changeset
10412 sbigottire ogni gran cuore, che non porta$$e amore alla patria $ua. &amp; que$to &egrave;, che il tempo, che
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parents:
diff changeset
10413 apporta $eco ogni commodo, &amp; ogni incommodo accordato con due elementi ci uorrebbe mouer
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diff changeset
10414 guerra, &amp; farci notabili ingiurie, dico il mare, &amp; la terra, de i quali l'uno pare, che uoglia cede-
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parents:
diff changeset
10415 re, &amp; l'altra occupare il luogo di questte lagume. Que$ta occa$ione, che ci d&agrave; da pen$are, &amp; pa-
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diff changeset
10416 re che ci dia trauaglio, &egrave; per&ograve; da e$$er riceuuta, &amp; pre$a allegramente, &amp; con grande animo,
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diff changeset
10417 &amp; amore, perche donandociil Signor Dio un giocondi<02>imo frutto della pace, ci uuole fare ricono
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parents:
diff changeset
10418 $cere il beneficio riceuuto dalla prouidenza $ua del $ito, che egli ha dato a i primi fondatori di que
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parents:
diff changeset
10419 $ta citt&agrave;. &amp; per&ograve; con lo e$$ercitare de gli ingegni, &amp; de gli animi de i Senatori, in una grandi$-
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diff changeset
10420 $ima impre$a uuole, che'l mondo ueda la grandezza dello $tato loro, la prudenza de gli huomini,
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parents:
diff changeset
10421 &amp; l'amore di giouare alla patria. doue $ar&agrave; opera di $peculatori della natura, &amp; de i pratichi,
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parents:
diff changeset
10422 inue$tigare le cau$e della atterratione di questte lagune, come $ogliono fare i medici, che prima
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parents:
diff changeset
10423 con$iderano le cau$e delle infermit&agrave;, &amp; poi danno irimedij opportuni: troueranno, che la terra
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parents:
diff changeset
10424 u$ai fiumi in que$ta u$urpatione, che ella uuol fare, &amp; da quelli $i fa portare nelle acque $al$e:
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parents:
diff changeset
10425 troueranno, che le acque $al$e di loro natura rodeno, &egrave; con$umano le immonditie: troueranno,
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parents:
diff changeset
10426 che piu acqua, $al$a, che entra in que$ta laguna &egrave; meglio, perche u$cendo con maggiore empito
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parents:
diff changeset
10427 porta uia poco terreno: troueranno, che $i deue leuare gli impedimenti alla natura, accioche el-
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parents:
diff changeset
10428 la operi da $e, &amp; faccia quello, che non $i puo fare con ingegno, forza, &amp; $pe$a alcuna. per&ograve; mo-
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parents:
diff changeset
10429 ueranno quelli terreni, che gia $ono alquanto induriti, &amp; daranno facilit&agrave; alle acque di portarli
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parents:
diff changeset
10430 uia, drizzeranno i canali, &amp; i cor$i delle acque, impediranno la me$colanza delle dolci con le $a-
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parents:
diff changeset
10431 late, faranno de gli argini, &amp; non la$cieranno molto $pacio. oltra quelli arare, &amp; mouere i terre-
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parents:
diff changeset
10432 ni. &amp; finalmente condurranno quanto piu da lontano $i puo i fiumi grandi, &amp; piccioli, &amp; que$te
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parents:
diff changeset
10433 co$e $ono molto bene con$iderate dai Senatori, che di gia $i hanno a mettere all'impre$a. &amp; pre-
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parents:
diff changeset
10434 parare machine, &amp; in$trumenti utili, &amp; ingenio$i a tanta opera pre$a, &amp; deputare per$one in-
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parents:
diff changeset
10435 telligenti, &amp; diligenti, &amp; che $iano amoreuoli, &amp; $appiano ben $pendere il dinaro, delquale ne
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parents:
diff changeset
10436 hanno fatto grande proui$ione per que$to effetto. doue tra le parti dell' Architettura, la piu ne-
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parents:
diff changeset
10437 ce$$aria al pre$ente bi$ogno &egrave; la di$tributione, con le parti$ue, dellaquale s' &egrave; detto nel primo lib.</I>
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parents:
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10438 <HEAD><I>Il Fine del quinto libro.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
10439 <pb n="172">
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parents:
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10440 <HEAD>IL SESTO LIBRO</HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
10441 <HEAD>DELL'ARCHITETTVRA DI
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parents:
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10442 M. VITRVVIO.</HEAD>
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parents:
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10443 <HEAD><I>Proemio.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
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10444 <p>AR ISTIPPO Filo$ofo Socratico gettato dal naufragio al lito de Ro-
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parents:
diff changeset
10445 diani, hauendo auuertito nell'arena alcune figure di Geometria, in que
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parents:
diff changeset
10446 $to modo $i dice hauer e$clamato. Speriamo bene o compagni, poi,
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parents:
diff changeset
10447 che qui ueggio l'orme de gli huomini. Detto que$to incontanente
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diff changeset
10448 s'auui&ograve; alla terra di Rodi, &amp; dritto nel Gimna$io $i condu$$e; doue di-
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parents:
diff changeset
10449 $putando della Filo$ofia fu largamente donato, che non $olo orn&ograve; $e
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parents:
diff changeset
10450 $te$$o, ma anche a quelli, che con e$$o lui erano $tati, don&ograve; ampiamente il ue$tire, &amp; le al
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parents:
diff changeset
10451 tre co$e al uiuere nece$$arie: ma uolendo i $uoi compagni ritornar nella patria, &amp; addi-
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parents:
diff changeset
10452 mandandogli, che co$a egli uole$$e, che in nome $uo dice$$ero a ca$a: Egli co$i comand&ograve;
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parents:
diff changeset
10453 allhora, che dice$$ero; e$$er bi$ogno a i figliuoli apparecchiare po$$e$sioni, &amp; uiatichi di
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parents:
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10454 tal $orte, che pote$$ero in$ieme con loro nuotando u$cire del naufragio: perche quelli $o
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parents:
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10455 no i ueri pre$idij della uita, a i quali ne la iniqua forza della fortuna, n&egrave; la mutatione del-
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parents:
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10456 lo $tato, n&egrave; la ruina della guerra puo alcun danno recare. N&egrave; meno Theophra$to ac-
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parents:
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10457 crebbe la predetta $entenza, il quale e$$ortando gli huomini piu pre$to ad e$$er uirtuo$i,
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parents:
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10458 che fidar$i nelle ricchezze, co$i dice, $olo il uirtuo$o e$$er quello tra tutti gli huomini, il
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parents:
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10459 quale n&egrave; fore$tieri ne i luoghi altrui, n&egrave; pouero d'amici, quando perde i familiari, ouero
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parents:
diff changeset
10460 i propinqui, $i puo chiamare: ma in ogni citt&agrave; &egrave; cittadino, &amp; $olo puo $enza timore $prez
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parents:
diff changeset
10461 zare gli $trani auuenimenti della fortuna. ma chi pen$a e$$er munito non da gli aiuti della
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parents:
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10462 dottrina, ma della buona $orte andando per uie $drucciolo$e pericola in uita non $tabile,
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parents:
diff changeset
10463 ma inferma. Lo Epicuro $imigliantemente afferma la fortuna dar poche co$e a i $aui huo
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parents:
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10464 mini, ma quelle, che $ono grandi$sime, &amp; nece$$arie con i pen$ieri dell'animo, &amp; della
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parents:
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10465 mente e$$er gouernate. Que$te co$e co$i e$$ere molti Filo$ofi hanno detto, &amp; ancho i
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parents:
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10466 poeti, i quali hanno $critto le antiche Comedie pronunciarono le mede$ime $entenze nel-
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parents:
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10467 la Scena, come Eucrate, Chionide, Ari$tofane, &amp; con que$te $pecialmente Alexi: il qua
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parents:
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10468 le dice per ci&ograve; deuer$i laudare gli Athenie$i: perche le leggi di tutti i Greci sforzano, che i
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parents:
diff changeset
10469 padri $ieno da i figliuoli $o$tentati, ma quelle de gli Athenie$i non tutti, ma quelli, che
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parents:
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10470 haue$$ero nelle arti i loro figliuoli ammae$trati. Percioche tutti i doni della fortuna quan
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parents:
diff changeset
10471 do $i danno da quella, facilmente $i toglieno: ma le di$cipline congiunte con gli animi no
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parents:
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10472 $tri non mancano per alcun tempo, ma durano $tabilmente con noi fino all'ultimo della
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parents:
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10473 uita. Et per&ograve; io grandi$sime gratie render&ograve; a mei progenitori, i quali approuando la leg
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parents:
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10474 ge de gli A thenie$i, mi hanno ammae$trato nelle arti, &amp; in quella $pecialmente, che $en-
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parents:
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10475 za lettere, &amp; $enza quella raccomunanza di tutte le dottrine, che in giro $i uolge, non
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parents:
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10476 puo per alcun modo e$$er commendata. hauendo adunque, &amp; per la cura de i miei pro-
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parents:
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10477 genitori, &amp; per la dottrina de i miei precettori accre$ciute in me quelle copie di di$cipli-
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parents:
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10478 ne, &amp; dilettandomi di co$e pertinenti alla uariet&agrave; delle cognitioni, &amp; artificij, &amp; delle
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parents:
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10479 $critture de commentari, io ho acqui$tato con l'animo quelle po$$e$sioni, delle quali ne
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parents:
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10480 uien que$ta $omma di tutti i frutti, che io non ho piu nece$sit&agrave; alcuna, &amp; che io $timo
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diff changeset
10481 quella e$$er la propriet&agrave; delle ricchezze di de$iderare niente piu. Ma for$e alcuni pen$an-
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diff changeset
10482 do que$te co$e e$$er leggieri, &amp; di poco momento, hanno $olamente quelli per $aui, i qua
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diff changeset
10483 <pb n="173">
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parents:
diff changeset
10484 li abondano di ricchezze; &amp; per&ograve; molti attendendo a que$to, aggiunta l'audacia con le
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parents:
diff changeset
10485 ricchezze aucho hanno con$eguito d'e$$er cono$ciuti. Io ucramente o Ce$are non per di
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diff changeset
10486 nari con deliberato con$iglio ho $tudiato, ma piu pre$to ho lodato la pouert&agrave; col buon
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parents:
diff changeset
10487 nome, che la copia con la mala fama: &amp; per&ograve; egli $i ha poca notitia del fatto mio: ma pur
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parents:
diff changeset
10488 pen$o, che mandando in luce que$ti uolumi, io $ar&ograve; ancho a i po$teri cono$ciuto. n&egrave; $i de-
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parents:
diff changeset
10489 ue alcuno merauigliare, perche io $ia ignoto a molti; perche gli Architetti pregano, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
10490 ambi$cono per hauer a far molte opere: ma a me da i miei precettori &egrave; $tato in$egnato,
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parents:
diff changeset
10491 che l'huomo pregato non pregante deue pigliare i carichi: perche lo ingenuo colore $i
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parents:
diff changeset
10492 moue dalla uergogna addimandando una co$a $o$petto$a, perche $ono ricercati non quei,
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parents:
diff changeset
10493 che riceuono, ma quei che danno il beneficio. percioche qual co$a pen$aremo, che pen$i,
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parents:
diff changeset
10494 o $o$petti colui, che $ia richie$to di commettere alla gratia di colul, che dimanda il douer
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parents:
diff changeset
10495 fare le $pe$e del patrimonio, $e non che egli giudica deuer$i ci&ograve; fare per cagione della pre
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parents:
diff changeset
10496 da, &amp; del guadagno? &amp; per&ograve; i maggiori primamente dauano le opere a coloro, che erano
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parents:
diff changeset
10497 di buon $angue. Dapoi cercauano $e erano hone$tamente alleuati, $timando di douer
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parents:
diff changeset
10498 commetterle allo ingenuo pudore, non all'audacia della proteruit&agrave;: &amp; e$si artefici non am
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parents:
diff changeset
10499 mae$trauano $e non i $uoi figliuoli, &amp; i parenti, &amp; gli faceuano huomini da bene, alla fe-
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parents:
diff changeset
10500 de de i quali in $i gran co$a $enza dubbio $i commette$$ero i dinari: Ma quando io uedo
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parents:
diff changeset
10501 gli indotti, &amp; imperiti, che della grandezza di $i fatta di$ciplina $i uanno uantando, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
10502 quelli, che non $olo di Architettura, ma in tutto di fabrica alcuna non hanno cognitio-
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parents:
diff changeset
10503 ne, non po$$o $enon lodare que padri di famiglia, che confirmati con la fiducia delle let-
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parents:
diff changeset
10504 tere, che hanno da $e fabricando, co$i $timano, che $e egli $i deue commettere a gli imperi
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parents:
diff changeset
10505 ti, $e piu pre$to e$$er piu degni a fare la loro uolont&agrave;, che a quella d'altri con$umare il di-
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parents:
diff changeset
10506 naro; &amp; per&ograve; niuno $i forza far alcuna altra arte in ca$a, come l'arte del calzolaio, o del
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parents:
diff changeset
10507 $arto, ouero alcuna dell'altre, che $ono piu facili, $enon l' Architettura, perche quei, che
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parents:
diff changeset
10508 ne fanno profe$sione, non perche habbiano l'arte uera, ma fal$amente $on detti Archi-
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parents:
diff changeset
10509 tetti. Per le quali co$e io ho pen$ato, che $ia da $criuere tutto il corpo dell' Architettura,
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parents:
diff changeset
10510 &amp; le $ue ragioni diligenti$simamente, pen$ando che que$to dono non $ar&agrave; in grato a tutte
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parents:
diff changeset
10511 le genti. &amp; per&ograve; perche nel Quinto io ho $critto della opportunit&agrave; delle opere commu-
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parents:
diff changeset
10512 ni, in que$to e$plicher&ograve; le ragioni, &amp; le mi$ure proportionate di particolari edificij.
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parents:
diff changeset
10513 <p><I>Tratta Vitr. nel $e$to libro de gli edificij priuati, poi che ha fornito quella parte, che
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parents:
diff changeset
10514 apparteneua alle opere publiche, &amp; communi. Propone al pre$ente libro un bel-
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parents:
diff changeset
10515 li$$imo proemio, il quale tanto piacque a Galeno, che una gran parte ne pre$e in
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parents:
diff changeset
10516 quel libro doue egli e$$orta i giouani alle lettere. Fornito il Proemio ci da alcuni
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parents:
diff changeset
10517 precetti generali di auuertimenti, &amp; con$iderationi parlando nel primo capitolo di diuer$e qua-
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parents:
diff changeset
10518 lit&agrave; de pae$i, &amp; uarij a$petti del cielo, $econdo i quali $i deono di$porre gli edificij. Et nel $econo
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parents:
diff changeset
10519 do facendo auuertito l' Architetto, &amp; ricordandogli dell'officio $uo: Tratta nel re$tante del libro
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parents:
diff changeset
10520 de gli edificij priuati, cominciando da quelle parti delle ca$e, che prima ci uengono in contra, e pe-
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parents:
diff changeset
10521 netrando poi a poco a poco nelle piu rimote, et $ecrete, qua$i ci mena per mano, &amp; ci conduce a
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parents:
diff changeset
10522 ueder di luogo in luogo le $tanze cittadine$che, non la$ciando parte, che alla utilit&agrave;, al commo-
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parents:
diff changeset
10523 do, &amp; alla bellezza conuegna. N&egrave; $i contenta di que$to, che gentilmente ci conduce a piacere
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parents:
diff changeset
10524 in uilla, &amp; ci fabrica belli$$imi alloggiamenti con un riguardo mirabile al decoro, &amp; all'u$o, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
10525 alla nece$$it&agrave; de gli huomini, concludendo in alcune regole di fondare gli edifici, degne da e$$er
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parents:
diff changeset
10526 con$iderate. Il Proemio &egrave; facile, &amp; contiene una e$$ortatione alla uirt&ugrave; mirabile con e$$empi ef
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parents:
diff changeset
10527 ficaci, &amp; autorit&agrave;, &amp; comparationi diuine delle uirt&ugrave; alla fortuna, delle doti dell'animo a i be-
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parents:
diff changeset
10528 ni e$teriori; in fine ammae$tra lo Architetto, &amp; lo fa auuertito di quelle co$e, che al pre$ente li-
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parents:
diff changeset
10529 bro $ono conuenienti.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
10530 <p>Io uedo i ue$tigi de gli huomini.
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parents:
diff changeset
10531 <pb n="274">
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parents:
diff changeset
10532 <p><I>Non intendeua Ari$tippo l'orme del corpo humano, ma i ue$tigi della mente, perche le Mathe
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parents:
diff changeset
10533 matiche figure erano $tate prima nella mente di que ualent' huomini con ragioni uere con$iderate,
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parents:
diff changeset
10534 &amp; poi po$te in opera, &amp; di$egnate nell' arena; &amp; $i come la $crittura &egrave; $egno del parlare, &amp; il
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parents:
diff changeset
10535 parlare della mente, co$i le di$egnationi Mathematiche, &amp; le figure Geometriche erano come
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parents:
diff changeset
10536 $egni de concetti di coloro. Di$$e adunque Ari$tippo io uedo i ue$tigi de gli huominl, cio&egrave; non
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parents:
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10537 d' animali bruti, perche non hanno di$cor$o, n&egrave; delle parti del corpo humano, ma della mente,
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parents:
diff changeset
10538 per la quale, &amp; dalla quale l'huomo &egrave; huomo. Po$to lo e$$empio di Ari$tippo approua la inten-
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parents:
diff changeset
10539 tione con te$timoni, &amp; autorit&agrave; di Filo$ofi, &amp; di Poeti, adducendo una legge de gli Athenie$i,
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parents:
diff changeset
10540 $econdo la quale egli di$e, &amp; de i $uoi genitori mode$tamente parlando, dimo$tra quanta cura
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parents:
diff changeset
10541 hauer deono i padri, accioche i loro figliuoli $iano piu pre$to buoni, che ricchi; uirtuo$i, che fa-
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parents:
diff changeset
10542 mo$i; degni, che $timati.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
10543 <p>Concio$ia co$a adunque che io s&igrave; per la cura de i genitori, s&igrave; per le dottrine de i mei pre
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parents:
diff changeset
10544 cettori habbia accumulato gran copia di di$cipline con le co$e pertinenti allo $tudio delle
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parents:
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10545 lettere, &amp; al de$iderio dell'arti.
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parents:
diff changeset
10546 <p><I>Io ho interpretato qui piu al propo$ito, che di $opra que$te parole, ma il $en$o &egrave; lo i$te$$o a chi
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parents:
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10547 ben con$idera. Non $olo adunque deue lo Architetto dar$i con ardente di$iderio alla cognitione
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parents:
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10548 delle lettere, ma diletrar$i di $apere come uanno le co$e artificio$e, inue$tigarle, &amp; farle affine,
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parents:
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10549 che la $ua cognitione non re$ti morta, &amp; inutile: &amp; bene egli $i ricorda di quello, che egli ha det
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parents:
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10550 to nel primo libro della fabrica, &amp; del di$cor$o, &amp; delle conditioni dello Architetto, per&ograve; a
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parents:
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10551 me pare di auuertire, che Vitr. douendo parlare delle fabriche de i priuati, qua$i che egli di nouo
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parents:
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10552 comincia$$e, ha uoluto ridurci a memoria le co$e dette nel primo libro, &amp; per&ograve; tocca nel proe-
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parents:
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10553 mio del pre$ente libro parte di quelle co$e, che ha toccate nel primo cap. Et nel primo, $econdo,
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10554 &amp; ultimo capo di que$to accenna a quello, che egli ha detto nel $econdo, nel quarto, &amp; nel quin
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parents:
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10555 to di $opra; &amp; que$to egli ha fatto, accio non ci pare$$e, che alle priuate ragioni delle fabriche,
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parents:
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10556 non $te$$e bene porre quella cura, &amp; hauere quegli auuertimenti, &amp; quella cognitione, che $i de
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parents:
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10557 ue hauere alle fabriche communi: per&ograve; io prego ogniuno, che non creda co$i facilmente a molti
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10558 che $i fanno Architetti, che non $anno leggere, n&egrave; di$egnare, i quali non $olamente non hanno
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10559 cognitione dell' Architettura, ma ancho $ono ine$perti della fabrica (come dice Vitr.) Ma la
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10560 di$gratia uuole, che gli imperiti per la loro audacia $iano piu cono$ciuti, che quelli che for$e riu-
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10561 $cirebbeno piu nelle opere, che nelle parole; &amp; pur bi$ognarebbe che fu$$e al contrario. Euui
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parents:
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10562 aggiunta un' altra difficult&agrave;, che cia$cuno altro artefice puo a $ua uoglia dimo$trar l'arte $ua, ma
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10563 lo Architetto non puo da $e co$a alcuna: percioche bi$ogna, che egli troui per$one, che uoglino
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diff changeset
10564 $pendere, &amp; far opere, doue ci uanno molti denari. Ma tornamo a Vitr. &amp; uediamo un $uo lun
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diff changeset
10565 go, &amp; bello di$cor$o $opra diuer$e qualita de pae$i.</I>
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10566 <HEAD><I>Di diuer$e qualit&agrave; de pae$i, &amp; uarij a$petti del cielo; $e-
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diff changeset
10567 condo i quali $i deono di$porre gli edificij.</I></HEAD>
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10568 <HEAD><I>Cap. I.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
10569 <p>Qve$te co$e co$i drittamente di$po$te $aranno, $e prima egli $i auuertir&agrave; da che
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parents:
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10570 parte, o da che inclinatione del Cielo $ieno ordinate; perche altramente in
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parents:
diff changeset
10571 Egitto, altramente nella Spagna, non co$i nel Ponto, o a Roma, &amp; co$i in
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parents:
diff changeset
10572 altre propriet&agrave; de pae$i par, che $i debbiano con$tituire le maniere de gli edi
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parents:
diff changeset
10573 ficij; perche da una parte la terra &egrave; oppre$$a dal cor$o del Sole, &amp; da altra &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
10574 lontani$sima da quello; ma poi ci $ono di quelle parti, che nel mezo $ono temperate. Et
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parents:
diff changeset
10575 per&ograve; come la con$titutione del mondo allo $patio della terra per la inclinatione del Zo-
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diff changeset
10576 <pb n="275">
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parents:
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10577 diaco, &amp; per lo cor$o del Sole &egrave; naturalmente con qualit&agrave; di$eguali collocata, co$i pare,
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parents:
diff changeset
10578 che $econdo le ragioni de i pae$i, &amp; le uariet&agrave; del Cielo e$$er debbiano gli edificij re driz-
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parents:
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10579 zati. Sotto il Settentrione $i faranno le fabriche a uolte, molto rinchiu$e, non aperte,
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parents:
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10580 ma riuolte alle parti calide. Ma $otto il grande impeto del Sole alle parti del Meriggie
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parents:
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10581 (perche quelle parti $ono dal calore oppre$$e) pare, che $i debbiano collocare le fabriche
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parents:
diff changeset
10582 aperte, &amp; riuolte al Settentrione, &amp; A quilone. Co$i quello che da $e per natura offen-
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parents:
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10583 de, con l'arte $i deue emendare: &amp; co$i nelle altre regioni allo i$te$$o modo, $econdo che'l
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parents:
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10584 Cielo alla in clinatione del Mondo &egrave; collocato, $i deono temperare. Et que$te co$e $ono
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parents:
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10585 da e$$er auuertite &amp; con$iderate per quello, che fa la natura, &amp; $pecialmente dalle membra,
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parents:
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10586 &amp; da i corpi delle genti: perche in que luoghi, che'l Sole moderatamente ri$calda, egli
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10587 con$erua i corpi temperati, ma quelli, che per la uicinanza correndo abbrucia $uccian-
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parents:
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10588 doli leua loro la tempra dell'humore. Per lo contrario nelle parti fredde, perche $ono
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10589 molto dal Meriggie lontane, non $i caua l'humore dal caldo, ma $pargendo il rugiado$o
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parents:
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10590 aere dal Cielo ne i corpi l'humore, fa quelli piu grandi, &amp; i $uoni della uoce piu graui.
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10591 Et per quello $otto il Settentrione $i nutri$cono genti di grande $tatura, di bianco colore,
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10592 di dritta, &amp; ro$$a capillatura, d'occhi ce$ij, di molto $angue, perche dalla pienezza del-
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parents:
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10593 l'humore, &amp; refrigerij del Cielo $ono in$ieme formati. Ma quei, che uicini $tanno all'a$-
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10594 $e del Meriggie, $ottopo$ti al cor$o del Sole, $ono piccioli di $tatura, di color fo$co, di
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parents:
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10595 capello cre$po, d'occhineri, di debil gamba, di poco $angue, per la gran forza del Sole,
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10596 &amp; ancho per lo poco $angue $ono piu timidi a re$i$ter all'armi, ma $opportano gli ardori
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parents:
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10597 delle febri $enza timore, perche i loro membri $ono con il feruore nodriti; &amp; per&ograve; i cor-
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parents:
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10598 pi, che na$ceno $otto il Settentrione piu pauro$i, &amp; deboli $ono per le febri, ma per l'ab-
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parents:
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10599 bondanza del $angue re$i$teno al ferro $enza paura. Similmente i $uoni della uoce $ono
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10600 di$eguali, &amp; di uarie qualit&agrave; nella diuer$it&agrave; delle genti, perche il termine dell' Oriente, &amp;
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10601 dell' Occidente intorno al liuello della terra, la doue $i diuide la parte di $opra della parte
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10602 di $otto del mondo, pare, che habbia il $uo giro per modo naturale librato, &amp; pondera-
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10603 to, il qual termine ancho da i Mathematici &egrave; chiamato. Orizonte, cio&egrave; terminatore. Et
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10604 per&ograve;, perche que$to habbiamo, tenendo nella mente no$tra il centro tiramo una linea
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10605 dal labro, che &egrave; nella parte Settentrionale a quello, che &egrave; $opra l'a$$e Meridiano, &amp; da
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parents:
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10606 quello ancho tirandone un'altra trauer$a in$ino alla $ommit&agrave;, che &egrave; dopo le Stelle Setten-
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parents:
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10607 trionali auuertiremo da quello, che nel mondo $ar&agrave; una figura triangolare, come quegli
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10608 Organi, che da Greci nominati $ono Sambuche. Et per&ograve; lo $patio, che &egrave; uicino al Polo
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parents:
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10609 inferiore dalla linea dello a$$e ne i termini meridiani, quelle nationi che $ono $otto quel
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parents:
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10610 luogo, per la poca eleuatione de i Poli fanno il $uono della uoce $ottile, &amp; acuti$simo,
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10611 come fa nell' Organo quella corda, che &egrave; uicina allo angulo. Dapoi quella le altre a me-
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parents:
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10612 zo la Grecia, nelle nationi fanno le a$ce$e de i $uoni piu rime$$e, &amp; ancho dal mezo in ordi
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parents:
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10613 ne cre$cendo in$ino a gli ultimi Settentrioni $otto l'altezza del Cielo gli $piriti delle natio
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parents:
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10614 ni con piu graui $uoni dalla natura delle co$e e$pre$si $ono. Co$i pare, che tutta la con-
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parents:
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10615 cettione del mondo per la inclinatione ri$petto alla temperatura del Sole con grandi$si-
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parents:
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10616 ma con$onanza fatta $ia. Et per&ograve; le nationi, che $ono tra il Cardine dello a$$e meridiano
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10617 &amp; nel mezo del Settentrione, come &egrave; de$critto nella figura Mu$ica hanno nel parlare il
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parents:
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10618 $uono della uoce della mezana. Et quelle genti, che uanno uer$o il Settentrione, perche
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parents:
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10619 hanno piu alte di$tanze ri$petto al Mondo, hauendo gli $piriti della uoce ripieni d humo-
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parents:
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10620 re, sforzati $ono dalla natura delle co$e con piu graue $uono alla prima, &amp; all'aggiunta
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parents:
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10621 uoce, detta Hypate, &amp; Pro$lamuanomenos, come per la i$te$$a ragione nel mezo (ca-
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parents:
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10622 dendo le genti uer$o il Meriggie) fanno l'acuti$sima $ottigliezza del $uono della uoce a
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parents:
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10623 quelle, che $on pre$$o l'ultime corde, che Paranete $i chiamano. Ma che uero $ia, che
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parents:
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10624 per gli humidi luoghi di natura le co$e piu graui, &amp; per gli caldi piu acute diuentino, in
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parents:
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10625 <foot><I>O O</I></foot>
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parents:
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10626 <pb n="276">
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parents:
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10627 q <*>e$to modo e$perimentando $i puo auuertire. Siano due calici in una fornace egualmen
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parents:
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10628 te cotti, &amp; di egual pe$o, &amp; ad un $uono quando $on tocchi $iano pre$i, &amp; uno di quelti
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parents:
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10629 $ia po<*>to nell'acqua, &amp; poi tratto fuori, $ia tocco l'uno &amp; l'altro, quando que$to $ar&agrave; fat-
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parents:
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10630 to, egli $i trouer&agrave; gran differenza tra que $uoni, &amp; non potranno e$$er di pe$oeguale: co$i
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parents:
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10631 auuiene a i corpi de gli huomini, i quali concetti d'una maniera di figuratione, &amp; in una
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parents:
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10632 congiuntione del mondo, altri per lo ardore del pae$e col toccamento dell'aere, manda-
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parents:
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10633 no fuori lo $pirito acuto, altri per l'abondanza dell'humore $pargono graui$sime qualit&agrave;
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parents:
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10634 di $uoni, &amp; co$i per la $ottigliezza dello aere le nationi meridiane per lo acuto feruore $i
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parents:
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10635 mouono piu pre$to, &amp; piu e$peditamente con l'animo a prender con$iglio. Ma le genti
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parents:
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10636 Settentrionali infu$e della gro$$ezza dello acre, perche lo aere le o$ta, raffreddate dall hu-
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parents:
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10637 more hanno le menti $tupide. Et che que$to co$i $ia, da i $erpenti $i comprende, i quali
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diff changeset
10638 per lo caldo hauendo a$ciugato il refrigerio dell'humore con gran uehemenza $i mouo-
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diff changeset
10639 no, ma nel tempo de i ghiacci il uerno raffreddati per la mutatione del Cielo per lo $tu-
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diff changeset
10640 pore $i fanno immobili. Co$i non &egrave; merauiglia $e il caldo aere fa le menti de gli huomi-
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parents:
diff changeset
10641 ni piu acute, &amp; il freddo per lo contrario piu tarde. E$$endo adunque le nationi $otto il
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diff changeset
10642 meriggie d'animo acuti$simo, &amp; d'infinita prontezza a prendere partito, $ubito, ch'en-
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diff changeset
10643 trano ne i fatti d'arme, iui mancano, perche hanno $ucchiate le forze de gli animi dal So-
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diff changeset
10644 le: ma quelli, che na$cono in parti fredde, $ono piu pronti alle armi, &amp; con grande im-
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diff changeset
10645 peto $enza timore entrano nelle battaglie, ma con tardezza d'animo, &amp; $enza con$idera-
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parents:
diff changeset
10646 tione facendo impeto $enza $olertia con i loro con$igli $i rompeno. E$$endo adunque tali
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diff changeset
10647 co$e dalla natura nel mondo co$i $tatuite, che tutte le nationi con immoderate me$colan-
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parents:
diff changeset
10648 ze fu$$ero di$tinte, piacque alla natura, che tra gli $patij di tutto il mondo, &amp; nel mezo
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parents:
diff changeset
10649 dell'uniuer$o il populo Romano fu$$e po$$editore di tutti i termini: perche nella Italia $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
10650 no le genti temperati$sime ad amendue le parti, &amp; con i membri del corpo, &amp; col ualore
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parents:
diff changeset
10651 dell'animo alla fortezza di$po$te. Perche come la Stella di Gioue di mezo tra la feruen-
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parents:
diff changeset
10652 ti$sima di Marte, &amp; la freddi$sima di Saturno correndo, &egrave; temperata, co$i per la i$te$$a ra
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parents:
diff changeset
10653 gione la Italia po$ta tra la parte Settentrionale, &amp; del mezod&igrave; dall'una, &amp; l'altra parte
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parents:
diff changeset
10654 temperata riporta inuitte lodi, &amp; per&ograve; con i con$igli rompe le forze de Barbari, &amp; con la
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parents:
diff changeset
10655 forte mano i pen$ieri de i Meridiani. Et co$i la prouidentia Diuina ha po$to la Citt&agrave; del
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parents:
diff changeset
10656 populo Romano in ottima &egrave; temperata regione, accioche ella fu$$e patrona del mondo.
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parents:
diff changeset
10657 Se adunque co$i $i uede, che per le inclinationi del Cielo le di$simili regioni con uarie ma
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parents:
diff changeset
10658 niere $iano comparate, &amp; che la natura delle genti con animi di$pari, &amp; con figure de i
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parents:
diff changeset
10659 corpi, &amp; con qualit&agrave; differenti na$ce$$ero: non dubitiamo anche non douer$i di$tribuire
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parents:
diff changeset
10660 le ragioni del fabricare fecondo le propriet&agrave; delle genti, &amp; delle nationi. Hauendo di
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parents:
diff changeset
10661 cio pronta, &amp; chiara dimo$tratione dalla natura. Io ho e$po$to (come io ho potuto con
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parents:
diff changeset
10662 gran ragione auuertire) le propiet&agrave; de i luoghi dalla uatura di$po$ti, &amp; in che modo bi$o-
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parents:
diff changeset
10663 gna al cor$o del Sole, &amp; alle inclinationi del Cielo con$tituire le qualit&agrave; de gli edificij al-
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parents:
diff changeset
10664 e figure delle genti. Et per&ograve; ade$$o breuemente dichiarir&ograve; in uniuer$ale, &amp; in particola
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parents:
diff changeset
10665 re le proportioni, &amp; mi$ure delle maniere di cia$cuno edificio.
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parents:
diff changeset
10666 <p><I>Le qualit&agrave; de i pae$i deono e$$er con$iderate da chi fabrica, imperoche in un luogo $i fabrica
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parents:
diff changeset
10667 ad un modo, in altro ad altro modo, ri$petto a gli ardenti Soli, a i freddi uenti, alle neuo$e $tagio-
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parents:
diff changeset
10668 ni, &amp; all'inondationi del mare, o de'fiumi: la doue altri nelle cauerne della terra, altri
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parents:
diff changeset
10669 fopra i monti, altri ne i bo$chi, altri ancho $opra gli alti$$imi alberi hanno fatto le loro ha-
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parents:
diff changeset
10670 bitationi; per&ograve; Vitruuio ha riguardo in generale a quello, che in ogni luogo deue con$idera
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parents:
diff changeset
10671 re l' Architetto, &amp; proua la $ua intentione a molti modi, &amp; con belli e$$empi: cio&egrave;, che le qua
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parents:
diff changeset
10672 lit&agrave; del Cielo, &amp; gli a$petti in diuer$e regioni fanno diuer$i effetti, &amp; che a quelli $i deue por men-
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parents:
diff changeset
10673 te, accioche $i po$$a goder le $tanze, &amp; le habitationi $enza di$etto. Prende argomento dalla
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parents:
diff changeset
10674 $tatura, &amp; dai membri dell'huomo, &amp; dalla di$po$itione de gli animi, che $eguitano la tempera</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
10675 <pb n="277">
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parents:
diff changeset
10676 <I>tura del corpo. Il tutto &egrave; facile. $olamente quella parte ha bi$ogno di e$po$itione, che appartie<*>
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parents:
diff changeset
10677 ne alla differenza delle uoci, quando dice, che il $uono della uoce tra le genti del mondo ha diuer
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parents:
diff changeset
10678 $a qualit&agrave;, &amp; dalla uariet&agrave; de i climi, che egli chiama inclinationi, uariar$i la uoce de gli huomi
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parents:
diff changeset
10679 ni. Dice adunque in $omma, che quelli, a i quali $i leua meno il Polo $opra l' Orizonte, hanno la
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parents:
diff changeset
10680 uoce piu $ottile, &amp; piu acuta, &amp; quanto piu uno na$ce in pae$e uicino al Polo, cio<*> che'l punto
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parents:
diff changeset
10681 che gli $opra$ta nel Cielo, &egrave; uicino al Polo, tanto ha uoce piu ba$$a. Que$ta intentione &egrave; pre$a
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parents:
diff changeset
10682 da una $imiglianza di quello in$trumento, che $i chiama Sambuca; noi for$e Arpa nominiamo;
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parents:
diff changeset
10683 che &egrave; $trumento mu$icale in forma di triangolo, come ancho quello, che di canne formato $i uede
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parents:
diff changeset
10684 in mano di Pane Dio de Pa$tori; ma l' Arpa &egrave; di corde. imaginamo$i per lo circolo Meridiano A B
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parents:
diff changeset
10685 C D il centro del Mondo, E, l' Orizonte, che &egrave; quel circolo, che diuide gli hemi$peri cio&egrave; quello,
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parents:
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10686 che $i uede, da quello che non $i uede A E C. imaginamo il Polo nel punto F dal quale cada una</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
10687 <fig>
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parents:
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10688 <I>linea nell' Orizonte a piombo nel punto, H, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
10689 $imilmente un' altra che peruenga al centro, E,
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parents:
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10690 non &egrave; dubbio, che qui non $i ueda rappre$entato
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parents:
diff changeset
10691 un triangolo F H E. imaginamo ancho il Po
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parents:
diff changeset
10692 lo eleuato $opra il piano nel punto, G, &amp; fac
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parents:
diff changeset
10693 ciamo cadere dal detto punto una linea $opra
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parents:
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10694 l' Orizonte nel punto, I, &amp; un'altra dal detto
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parents:
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10695 punto G, al centro, E, &amp; qui haueremo
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parents:
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10696 un'altro triangolo G E I, dico, che quelli,
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parents:
diff changeset
10697 a i quali $i leua il Polo nel punto, F, hanno uo-
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parents:
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10698 ce piu $ottile, che quelli, a i quali $i leua il Polo
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parents:
diff changeset
10699 nel punto, G. rapportamo adunque la linea, F
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parents:
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10700 H, dentro al triangolo maggiore, &amp; iui$ia chia
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parents:
diff changeset
10701 mata, M N, certo &egrave; che la linea G I, $ar&agrave; mag
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parents:
diff changeset
10702 giore di quella, &amp; $e ella fu$$e una corda di $tru
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parents:
diff changeset
10703 mento $onarebbe piu ba$$o, &amp; piu graue, che la
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parents:
diff changeset
10704 corda MN, come quella, che &egrave; piu uicina all'angulo, &amp; piu picciola, &amp; fa $uono piu acuto,
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parents:
diff changeset
10705 e$$endo di piu ueloce mouimento, &amp; piu tirata. $imilmente dice Vitr.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
10706 <p>Adunque quello $patio, che &egrave; pro$simo al cardine inferiore nelle parti meridiane, quel
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parents:
diff changeset
10707 le nationi, che $ono $otto quel clima per la breuit&agrave; dell'altezza al mondo fanno un $uono
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parents:
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10708 di uoce acuti$simo, &amp; $ottili$simo, $i come fa nello $trumento la corda, che &egrave; uicina
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parents:
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10709 all'angulo.
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
10710 <p><I>Et co$i ua $eguitando, &amp; la no$tra figura dimo$tra chiaramente la $ua intentione, &amp; quella
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
10711 linea obliqua, che egli dice, che $i debbia tirare, benche pare, che egli la tiri dall' e$tremo Ori-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
10712 zonte, come dal punto C che egli chiama labro, pure deue e$$er tirata dal centro. parte di
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
10713 que$to di$cor$o $i legge in Tolomeo nel $econdo della $ua compo$itione.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
10714 <HEAD><I>'Delle mi$ure, &amp; proportioni de i priuati edifi-
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parents:
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10715 cy. Cap. I.I.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
10716 <p>Niuna cura maggiore hauer deue lo Architetto, che fare, che gli edificij hab-
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parents:
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10717 biano per la proportione della rata parte i compartimenti delle loro ragioni.
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
10718 Quando $ar&agrave; e$pedita la ragione delle Simmetrie, &amp; con di$cor$o e$plicate le
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diff changeset
10719 proportioni, allhora ancho &egrave; propio di acuto animo prouedere alla natura
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diff changeset
10720 del luogo, all'u$o, alla bellezza, &amp; aggiugnendo, o $cemando fare conueneuoli tempe-
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diff changeset
10721 ramenti, acci&ograve; quando far&agrave; tolto, ouero accre$ciuto alla mi$ura, que$to paia e$$er drit-
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diff changeset
10722 <foot><I>O O</I> 2</foot>
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diff changeset
10723 <pb n="278">
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diff changeset
10724 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
10725 tamente formato in modo, che niente piu ci $i de$ideri per lo a$petto: perchealtra for-
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diff changeset
10726 ma pare, che $ia d'appre$$o, &amp; al ba$$o, altra da lontano, &amp; in alto, n&egrave; quella $te$$a pare
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parents:
diff changeset
10727 in luogo rinchiu$o, che pare in luogo aperto: nelle quali co$e &egrave; opera di gran giu-
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parents:
diff changeset
10728 dicio $apere prender partito, perche non pare, che il uedere habbia i ueri effettl
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parents:
diff changeset
10729 ma bene $pe$$o la mente dal $uo giudicio &egrave; ingannata. Come ancho appare nelle Scene di
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parents:
diff changeset
10730 pinte, gli $porti delle colonne, &amp; de i mutuli, &amp; le figure de i $egni, che uengono in fuo-
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parents:
diff changeset
10731 ri di rilieuo, e$$endo $enza dubio la tauola piana, &amp; eguale. Similmente i remi delle na-
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parents:
diff changeset
10732 ui, e$$endo $ott'acqua dritti, pareno a gli occhi rotti, &amp; $pezzati, &amp; fin che le parti
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parents:
diff changeset
10733 loro toccano il piano dell'acqua, appareno dritti come $ono. Quando poi $ott'acqua man-
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parents:
diff changeset
10734 dati $ono per la rarit&agrave; traparente della natura rimandano le imagini fuori dell'acqua alla
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parents:
diff changeset
10735 $uperficie, &amp; iui quelle imagini agitate, &amp; commo$$e pareno fare &agrave; gli occhi lo a$petto del
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parents:
diff changeset
10736 remi $pezzato, &amp; que$to o perche quei $imulachri $ono $pinti, o perche da gli occhi uen-
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parents:
diff changeset
10737 gono i raggi del uedere (come piace a Phi$ici) o per l'una, &amp; per l'altra ragione qual $i uo-
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parents:
diff changeset
10738 <pb n="279">
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parents:
diff changeset
10739 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
10740 glia: co$i pare, che lo a$petto habbia fallace il giudicio de gli occhi. E$$endo adunque che
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parents:
diff changeset
10741 le co$e uere pareno fal$e, &amp; prouando $i da gli occhi alcune co$e altramente di quello, che
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parents:
diff changeset
10742 $ono, io non pen$o, che bi$ogni dubitare, che alle nature, o necefsit&agrave; de i luoghi, non $i
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parents:
diff changeset
10743 debbia fare gli accrefcimenti, ouero le diminutioni, ma in modo, che in $imil opere niente
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parents:
diff changeset
10744 $i de$ideri. Et que$to non $olo per dottrina, ma per acutezza d'ingegno $i puo fare: &amp; pe
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parents:
diff changeset
10745 r&ograve; prima $i deue ordinare la ragione delle mi$ure, dallaquale $i po$$a $enza dubitatione pi-
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parents:
diff changeset
10746 gliare il mutamento delle co$e. Dapoi $ra e$ plicato lo $pacio da ba$$o dell'opra, che $i de-
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parents:
diff changeset
10747 ue fare per larghezza, &amp; per lunghezza, dellaqual opera quando una fiata $ar&agrave; la grandez-
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parents:
diff changeset
10748 za con$tituita lo apparato della proportione alla bellezza ne $egua, accioche dubbio non
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parents:
diff changeset
10749 fia l'a$petto della Eurithmia, a chi uorr&agrave; $opra con$iderare: della quale con che ragioni $i
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parents:
diff changeset
10750 faccia ne dir&ograve;; ma prima ragioner&ograve; come $i debbiano fare i Cortili $coperti, delle ca$e,
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parents:
diff changeset
10751 Cauedij nominati.
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parents:
diff changeset
10752 <p><I>Io ho detto, che molto ragioneuolmente Vitr. ha uoluto replicare nel$e$to libro quell&egrave; co$e,</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
10753 <pb n="280">
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parents:
diff changeset
10754 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
10755 <pb n="281">
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parents:
diff changeset
10756 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
10757 <pb n="282">
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parents:
diff changeset
10758 <I>che nel primo ha uoluto per introduatione dell' Archittetura proporre; porche l' Architetto ha-
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parents:
diff changeset
10759 uer dcue le i$te$$e idee nell'ordinare gli edificij priuati, che egli ha nelle co$e publiche, &amp; molto
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parents:
diff changeset
10760 bene auuertire alla Di$po$itione al Decoro, alla Bellezza, alla Di$tributione, al Compartimento,
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parents:
diff changeset
10761 &amp; altre co$e toccate nel primo libro, $econdo che nel detto luogo molto bene hauemo e$po$to, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
10762 di piu ancho $i deprime l'arroganza di molti, che mi$urano molte membra, &amp; molte parti nelle
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parents:
diff changeset
10763 ruine di Roma, &amp; non trouando quelle ri$pondere alle mi$ure di Vitr. $ubito le bia$imano dicendo,
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parents:
diff changeset
10764 che Vitr. non la intendeua: la doue imitando nelle fabriche le co$e, che hanno mi$urato fuori dei
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parents:
diff changeset
10765 luoghi loro, come ferma regola $empre allo i$te$$o modo $i gouernano, &amp; non hanno con$idera-
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parents:
diff changeset
10766 tione a quello, che Vitr. ha detto di $opra, &amp; molto piu chiaramente dice nel pre$ente luogo, cioe,
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parents:
diff changeset
10767 che non $empre $i deue $eruare le i$te$$e regole, &amp; $immetrie, perche la natura del luogo richiede
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parents:
diff changeset
10768 $pe$$o altra ragione di mi$ure, &amp; la nece$$it&agrave; ci a$trigne a dare, o leuare di quelle, che propo$te ha-
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parents:
diff changeset
10769 ueuamo. Per&ograve; in quel ca$o dice Vitr. che $i uede molto la $ottigliezza, &amp; giudicio dello Ar-
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parents:
diff changeset
10770 chitetto, ilquale togliendo, o dando di piu alle mi$ure, lo fa in modo, che l'occhio ha la parte $ua,
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parents:
diff changeset
10771 &amp; regge la nece$$it&agrave; con bella &amp; $ottile ragione. Et $enoi trouamo la cornice del Theatro di
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parents:
diff changeset
10772 Marcello alquanto diuer$a dalle regole di Vitr. &amp; il re$tante e$$er beni$$imo inte$o, non douemo
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parents:
diff changeset
10773 bia$mare quel grande Architetto, che fece il detto Theatro. Imperoche chi haue$$e ueduto tut-
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parents:
diff changeset
10774 ta l'opera in$ieme for$e haurebbe fatto miglior giudicio. &amp; per&ograve; ben dice Vitr. che $e bene la mag
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parents:
diff changeset
10775 gior cura, che ba l' Architetto, $ia d'intorno le mi$ure, &amp; proportioni, per&ograve; grande acqui$to fa di
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parents:
diff changeset
10776 ualore, quando egli &egrave; forzato partir$i dalle propo$te $immetrie, &amp; niente lieua alla bellezza dello
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parents:
diff changeset
10777 a$petto; n&egrave; puo e$$ere incolpato, perche con la ragione habbia medicato il male della nece$$it&agrave;. Et
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parents:
diff changeset
10778 qui $i uede quanto $ia nece$$aria la pro$pettiua allo Architetto, &amp; dimo$tra la forza $ua, quando
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parents:
diff changeset
10779 $ia, che la ui$ta no$tra merauiglio$amente ingannata $ia dalle pitture fatte ne i piani, che per ra-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
10780 gione di Pro$pettiua regolata da un <*> punto fa parere le co$e di rilieuo, &amp; non $i puo certificar-
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parents:
diff changeset
10781 $i, che non $iano di rilieuo $e l'huomo non le tocca, o non $e le auuicina. Et gli inganni della uistta
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
10782 $ono, o per la diuer$it&agrave; de i mezi, per liquali $i uedono le co$e, che e$$endo intiere paiono $pezza-
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parents:
diff changeset
10783 te, e$$endo picciole paiono grandi, e$$endo lontane paiono uicine. La molta luce impedi$ce, la po-
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parents:
diff changeset
10784 ca non &egrave; ba$teuole alle co$e minute. Le di$tanze mutano le figure, per&ograve; le co$e quadrate da lon-
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parents:
diff changeset
10785 tano pareno tonde, &amp; Vitr. di tal co$a in molti l uoghi ci ha $atti auu&egrave;rtiti. Gli $corzi de i corpi
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parents:
diff changeset
10786 non la$ciano uedere tutte le parti loro, il ueloce mouimento fa parere una fiamma continua, quan
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parents:
diff changeset
10787 do uelocemente $i moue una uerga affocata. La infermit&agrave; dell'occhio partori$ce anche diuer$i
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parents:
diff changeset
10788 errori; per&ograve; a molte co$e delle $opra dette il ualente Architetto puo rimediare. Dapoi che adun-
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parents:
diff changeset
10789 que l' Architetto hauer&agrave; molto ben con$iderato la ragion delle mi$ure, &amp; a quel tutto, cha fa la
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parents:
diff changeset
10790 co$a bella, $ia di che genere e$$er $i uoglia, o $odo per $o$tener i pe$i, o $uelto per dilettare, come il
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parents:
diff changeset
10791 Corinthio, o tramezo per l'uno, &amp; l'altro come lo Ionico, &amp; egli hauer&agrave; auuertito al numero,
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parents:
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10792 del quale la natura $i compiace nelle colonne, &amp; nelle apriture, &amp; che le co$e alte na$ceno dal-
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parents:
diff changeset
10793 le ba$$e, &amp; che quelle proportioni, che danno diletto alle orecchie nelle uoci, le i$te$$e applicate a
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parents:
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10794 i corpi dilettano a gli occhi.dapoi dico, che tutte que$te co$e $aranno preui$te, bi$ogner&agrave;, che egli
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parents:
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10795 $ottili$$imamente proueda a quello, che $ar&agrave; nece$$ario a quella parte, che Eurithmia &egrave; chiamata
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parents:
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10796 nel primo libro.</I>
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10797 <HEAD><I>Dei Cauedi delle ca$e. Cap. III.</I></HEAD>
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10798 <p>Icauedi, di$tinti $ono in cinque maniere, le figure, de i quali co$i $ono nomina-
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10799 te. To$cana, Corinthia, Tetra$tila', Di$pluuiata, Te$tugginata. I To$cani
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10800 $on quelli, ne i quali le traui, che pa$$ano per la larghezza dell' Atrio hanno al-
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10801 cuni trauicelli pendenti, &amp; i canali, o collature dell'acque, che corrono di
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10802 mezo da gli anguli de i pareti, a gli anguli delle traui, &amp; anche da gli a$$eri nel mezo del
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10803 <pb n="283">
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10804 Cauedio detto compluuio $ono i cadimenti dell'acque. Ne i Corinthij con le i$te$$e ra-
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10805 gioni $i pongono le traui, &amp; i compluuij, ma ci &egrave; que$to di piu, che le traui $i parteno da i
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10806 pareti, &amp; $i $oprapongono alle colonne d'intorno. I Tetra$tili $on quelli, che hauendo
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10807 $otto le traui le colonne angulari le pre$tano utilit&agrave;, &amp; fermezza, perche n&egrave; e$$e $ono con-
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10808 $trette hauer gran pe$o, n&egrave; $ono caricate dalle traui trapendenti. I Di$pluuiati $on quelli,
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10809 ne i quali le pendenti traui, che $o$tengono l'arca, $cacciano l'acque cadenti. Que$ti $ono
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10810 di grandi$sima utilit&agrave; alle $tanze del uerno, perche i loro compluuij dritti, non togliono
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10811 il lume a i Triclini. Ma hanno que$to incommodo ne gli acconciamenti, che d'intorno i
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10812 pareti le canne contengono i cadimenti dell'acque, lequali canne non co$i pre$to riceuono
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10813 l'acque cadenti ne i canali, &amp; co$i redondanti ri$tagnano, &amp; s'ingorgano, &amp; gua$tano in
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10814 quelle manicre di fabriche le fine$tre. Ma i Te$tugginati $i fanno la doue non $ono gran
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10815 forze, &amp; di $opra ne i palchi $i fanno $pacio$i per le habitationi.
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10816 <p><I>Hauendoci Vitr. e$po$to quello, che douemo con$iderare prima, che mettiamo le mani a fabri-
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10817 care le ca$e priuate, s&igrave; per ri$petto delle parti del Cielo, &amp; gli a$petti del mondo, $econdo i quali
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10818 douemo di$ponere gli Edificij, s&igrave; per ri$petto delle mi$ure, &amp; proportioni, alle quali douemo auuer
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10819 tire tanto nella libera, quanto nella nece$$itata di$po$itione de gli edificij; comincia a darci i pre-
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10820 cetti, &amp; i compartimenti delle ca$e priuate, hauendo con$ideratione delle piu belle parti di e$$e, ac
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10821 commodandole alle qualit&agrave; delle per$one, con$iderando le parti communi, &amp; le propie, &amp; non
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10822 la$ciando co$a che degna $ia del $uo auuertimento. Cominciando adunque a trattar delle ca$e,
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10823 egli principia da quelle parti, che prima uengono all' a$petto no$tro, come ha fatto nel trattamen
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10824 to de i Tempi nel terzo libro. Quello adunque, che prima ne uiene allo a$petto, &egrave; il piouere de i
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10825 colmi, o tetti, cio&egrave; quella parte di doue pioue; &amp; quella doue pioue Impluuio, &amp; Compluuio no-
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10826 minata; &amp; &egrave; ragioneuole dichiarire que$ta forma, s&igrave; perche ella &egrave; la prima, che ci uiene inanzi, s&igrave;
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10827 perche hauendoci Vitr. dato i precetti della contignatione, &amp; del legamento del tetto di dentro,
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10828 &amp; di $otto (come s'ha ueduto nel quarto libro:) Egli ci uuole mo$trare di quanti a$petti $iano,
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10829 $econdo diuer$e maniere i pioueri, &amp; i colmi di fuori, &amp; di $opra. Cauedia chiama egli que$ti luo-
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10830 ghi, perche ueramente $ono come caui delle ca$e. Aulas i Greci $ogliono nominare que$ti luoghi
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10831 circondati da muri &amp; $coperti nel mezo, noi Cortili, o Corti chiamamo, entrate, &amp; cortili, quel
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10832 li, che $ono $coperti, entrate quelli, che $ono coperti. Il cortile adunque &egrave; una parte delle prin-
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10833 cipali, nella quale (come dice l'Alberto) come in un Foro commune concorrono tutti gli altri
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10834 membri minori, &amp; come nella citt&agrave; il Foro, &amp; le parti congiunte al Foro: $ono quelle, che prima
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10835 $i riguardano, co$i nella ca$a, che &egrave; come una picciola citt&agrave;, $i d&agrave; prima d'occhio al cortile, al
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diff changeset
10836 quale $i d&agrave; luogo ampio, &amp; aperto, &amp; pronto ad ogni co$a. I nomi de i Cauedi $i pigliano, o dal-
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10837 l'u$anza di diuer$e citt&agrave;, o dalla forma loro. $ono detti ancho Atria, ma per un'altro ri$petto, per-
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10838 che Cauedium &egrave; detto ri$petto a quella parte che &egrave; $coperta, &amp; che pioue nel mezo, Atrium ri-
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10839 $petto a quella parte che &egrave; coperta. Cinque $ono le maniere de i Cauedi; altre $i pigliano dalla for-
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10840 ma, altre dall'u$anza d'alcune citt&agrave;. Prima &egrave; la To$cana, che &egrave; la piu $emplice delle altre, dal-
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10841 laquale for$e $ono gli Atrij nominati, perche er ano in To$cana i popoli Atrien$i, per ilche non
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10842 piace, che Atrium $ia detto dal color Atro, che procede dal fumo, come che in quelli $i face$$e
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10843 la cucina. I Cauedi To$cani erano quelli, ne i quali le traui, che pa$$ano per la larghezza dello
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10844 Atrio haueuano altritrauicelli pendenti tra quelli, &amp; per&ograve; interpen$iua $i chiamano, &amp; il loro
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10845 pendere era in piouere, &amp; haueuano i canali, che Colliquie detti$ono, i quali tracorreuano, &amp;
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10846 erano trapo$ti in modo di piouere, &amp; ueniuano da gli anguli de i pareti a gli anguli d&eacute;lle traui.
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10847 Erano quattro traui principali $opra quali $i po$auano alcuni altri trauicelli, che $tauano in pio-
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10848 uere, detti da Vitr. Interpen$iui, perche trapendono, que$ti ueniuano da gli angoli de i pareti a
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10849 gli angoli delle traui minori. Erano con una delle loro te$te fermate $opra que trauicelli, &amp; con
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10850 l'altra come appoggiate ne gli angoli de i pareti. eranui poi i lor morelli detti A$$eri (de quali
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10851 hauemo detto nel quarto libro.) $opra e$$i erano gl'Imbrici, &amp; le Tauelle; &amp; mandauano giu</I>
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10852 <foot><I>P P</I></foot>
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10853 <pb n="284">
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10854 <fig>
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10855 <pb n="285">
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10856 <fig>
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10857 <foot><I>P P</I> 2</foot>
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10858 <pb n="286">
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10859 <fig>
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10860 <pb n="287">
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10861 <fig>
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10862 <pb n="288">
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10863 <p><I>l'acqua allargo nel cortile. Ma che Vitr. intenda per que$to nome de Interpen$iui, i trauicelli ap-
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10864 poggiati di $opra, &amp; non po$ti di $otto per $o$tenimento delle traui, che trapa$$ano per la larghez-
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parents:
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10865 za dello Atrio (come uogliono alcuni) egli $i uede per le parole, che egli dice di $otto parlando
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10866 de i Cauedi Tetra$tili: dicendo, che le traui non $ono caricate da gli Interpen$iui. Segno adun-
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parents:
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10867 que &egrave; che gl' Interpen$iui caricano, &amp; $tanno di $opra: &amp; $e $o$tene$$ero, non $i chiamerebbeno
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10868 Interpen$iui. Que$ti Cauedi non haueuano portico a torno, &amp; il loro piouere era $emplici<02>imo,
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10869 &amp; ueniua molto inanzi gettando l'acque molto lontane da i pareti. La $econda maniera &egrave; det-
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10870 ta Corinthia, &amp; non &egrave; differente quanto al uenir in fuori delle traui, &amp; del piouere dalla To$ca-
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10871 na: Ma &egrave; ben differente, perche le traui, che uengono da i pareti dalla larghezza dell' Atrio $o-
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10872 no $opra colonne, che uanno d'intorno al Cauedio. Come dimo$tra la pianta, &amp; la figura, O,
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10873 laqual ancho ci $erue al primo Cauedio, per la $imiglianza che ha il Cauedio Corinthio con lo
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10874 To$cano; intendendo per&ograve; che nel To$cano non ci $iano colonne. La terza maniera &egrave; detta
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10875 Tetra$tilos, cio&egrave; di quattro colonne, &amp; &egrave; molto forte, n&egrave; ha molto carico, perche non ci $ono gli
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10876 Interpen$iui. Que$to Cortile non doueua e$$er molto grande, imperoche hauendo $olo quattro co-
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10877 lonne, &amp; quelle $opra le cantonate, $e fu$$e $tato molto lungo, o largo, gli $pacij trale colonne $a-
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10878 rebbeno $tati fuori di modo, &amp; la opera non $arebbe $tata ferma (come dice Vitru.) La quarta
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10879 maniera &egrave; detta Di$pluuiata, cio&egrave; quella, che $ta in due pioueri fatta di traui po$ti come una $e$ta
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10880 aperta in piedi, che Deliqui&oelig; $i chiamano. Que$ti hanno due cadimenti dell' acque, per&ograve; che una
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10881 parte pioue uer$o i cortili, l'altra dall' altra parte difuori: &amp; qui ci na$ce un difetto, perche l'ac-
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10882 qua, che cade per li canali, non puo co$i pre$to entrare nelle canne, che Fi$tule $i chiamano, &amp;
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10883 $u le bocche s'ingorgano, &amp; $oprabondando $i $parge, &amp; uien giu per li pareti, &amp; col tempo gua-
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10884 $ta i $ottogrondali, &amp; le fine$tre, &amp; i legnami, che poi difficilmente s'acconciano; banno per&ograve; que-
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10885 $to commodo, che non impedi$ceno i lumi alle $tanze doue $i mangia; &amp; la ragione &egrave; perche il
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10886 loro tetto non uiene troppo in fuori col piouere, ma pende dolcemente, &amp; il lume non &egrave; impedito.
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10887 per&ograve; ancho $e io uole$$e dire che gli Atrij fu$$ero detti dal color Atro, io direi, che il piouere, che
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10888 $porta molto in fuori, fa quegli ombro$i, &amp; o$curi. ma for$e Atrium puo uenir dal Greco, &amp; $i-
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10889 gnificare un luogo, che non ha uia che uolga. La quinta maniera $i chiama Te$tudinata fatta in
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10890 quattro pioueri. pen$o io, che que$ti fu$$ero coperti, &amp; che di $opra haue$$ero le $ale, &amp; le $tan-
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10891 ze $pacio$e, &amp; i palchi $o$tentati da belli$$imi colonnati, che dinanzi alle porte face$$ero mo$tra
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10892 di belle loggie, che per ue$tibuli $erui$$ero, o che nell' entrate haue$$ero colonne compartite a mo-
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diff changeset
10893 do, che de$$ero grandezza &amp; bellezza. puo ancho e$$er, che que$ti cauedi fu$$ero di ca$e ordina-
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10894 rie, &amp; di per$one di mediocre conditione, nellequali non erano Atrij, ne colonnati; $e for$e non
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10895 uogliamo dire, che Atrij $i chiama$$ero quelle entrate; ilche niuno uieta, che co$i egli non s'in-
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10896 tenda.</I>
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10897 <HEAD><I>Degli Atrij, alle Tablini. Cap. IIII.</I></HEAD>
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10898 <p>LE lunghezze ueramente, &amp; le larghezze de gli Atrij, a tre modi $i formano. Pri
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10899 ma partendo la lunghezza loro in cinque parti, &amp; dandone tre alla larghezza.
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10900 Poi partendo in tre, &amp; dandone due: finalmente ponendo la larghezza in un
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10901 quadro perfetto, &amp; tirando la diagonale, la lunghezza, della quale dar&agrave; la
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10902 lunghezza dello Atrio.
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10903 <p><I>Io non diuiderei con nuouo capo questa parte de gli Atrij dal capitoloprecedente, perche l'A-
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10904 trio ua col Cauedio, &amp; ancho il modo del parlare, che u$a Vitru. lo dimo$tra, dicendo, Atriorum
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10905 uero longitudines. L'Atrio &egrave; quella parte prima a chi entra dentro in ca$a, &amp; &egrave; luogo coperto,
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10906 ha la porta principale nel mezo, a dirimpetto della quale in fronte $ono le porte, che uanno ne i
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10907 Peri$tili pa$$ando prima per alcuni altri luoghi, che Tablini $i chiamano: ha dalla de$tra, &amp; dal-
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10908 la $ini$tra le ale, che Pteromata in Greco $i chiamano. Che lo Atrio $ia la prima parte lo dimo-</I>
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diff changeset
10909 <pb n="289">
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10910 <I>$tra Vitr. nel ottauo Capo del pre$ente libro dicendo, che nella citt&agrave; gli Atrij e$$er deono appre$-
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10911 $o la porta. che lo Atrio fu$$e coperto Vitr. $imilmente l'ha dimo$trato di $opra parlando del Ca-
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10912 uedio, doue dice le traui, che $ono nella larghezza dello Atrio, &amp; il re$to. Le mi$ure, &amp; $imme-
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10913 tria de gli Atrij $i fanno in tre modi, cio&egrave; gli Atrij $ono in tre proportioni, il primo &egrave; quando la
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10914 lunghezza dello Atrio &egrave; partita in cinque parti, &amp; tre $e ne danno alla larghezza. Il $econdo &egrave;
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diff changeset
10915 quando la lunghezza &egrave; diui$a in tre parti, &amp; due $i danno alla larghezza. La terza &egrave; quando
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10916 $i d&agrave; alla lunghezza la diagonale del quadrato della larghezza. La prima &egrave; in proportione $opra-
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10917 bipartiente le terze, cio&egrave; d'un quadro &amp; due terzi. La $econda &egrave; in proportione $e$quialtera,
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diff changeset
10918 cio&egrave; d'un quadro &amp; mezo. La terza &egrave; diagonale. Prima che io uegna alla dichiaratione, &amp; al
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10919 compartimento di que$te parti, uoglio porre il $econdo capo del Trente$imoquinto libro di Plinio,
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diff changeset
10920 perche &agrave; me pare, che egli faccia al propo$ito, si per l'u$o de gli Atrij, &amp; de i Tablini, s&igrave; per l'an-
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diff changeset
10921 tichit&agrave; memorabile, che in e$$o argutamente $i racconta. Per la pittura delle imagini molto
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10922 grandemente $imiglianti di tempo in tempo $i con$eruauano le figure, ilche del tuito &egrave; mancato.
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10923 Hora $i pongono gli $cudi di rame coperti d'argento, &amp; con non inte$a differenza delle figure, $i
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10924 cambiano le te$te delle $tatue, diuulgati ancho i moti de i uer$i: co$i piu pre$to uogliono, che la
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10925 materia $ia riguardata, che e<02>i e$$er cono$ciuti; &amp; tra que$te co$e con le uecchie tauole accon-
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10926 ciano gli armari, doue $aluano le tauole, detti Pinacothece, &amp; fanno honore alla effigie altrui, n&omacr;
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10927 i$timando l'honore $e non nel precio, che lo herede le rompi, &amp; il laccio del ladro le leui, &amp; co$i
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10928 non uiuendo l'effigie d'alcuno, la$ciano non le loro imagini, ma quelle della pecunia. Gli i$te$$i
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10929 adornano le pale$tre de gli Athleti con imagini, &amp; i luoghi loro doue $i hanno ad ugnere, &amp; per
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10930 li cubiculi portano le faccie dello Epicuro, &amp; li portano $eco a torno. Nel loro Natale fan $a-
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10931 crificio al uige$imo della Luna, &amp; $eruano le fe$te ogni me$e, che Icade $ono dette. Et $pecialmen
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10932 te quelli, che ancho in uita non uogliono e$$er cono$ciuti. Et co$i &egrave; uer amente, che la pigritia ha
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10933 rouinato l'arti. Et perche non ci $ono le imagini de gli animi, ancho quelle de i corpi $ono $prez-
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10934 zate. Altramente appre$$o i maggiori erano quelle ne gli Atrij, perche guardati fu$$ero non i
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10935 $egni de gli artefici fore$tieri, non i metalli, non i marmi, ma i uolti e$pre$$i nella cera per cia-
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10936 $cun armario eran di$po$ti, accioche iui fu$$ero le imagini, che nelle e$$equie accompagna$$ero i
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10937 funerali delle ca$ate, &amp; $empre che uno era morto, $i trouaua pre$ente per ordine tutta la mol-
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10938 titudine, che era $tata di quella famiglia, &amp; gli ordini, &amp; gradi con li$te di rame erano trapo$te
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10939 alle imagini dipinte. Erano ancho tra le porte, &amp; $ogli delle porte le imagini de i grandi$$imi am-
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10940 mi, &amp; attaccate le $poglie de i nemici, lequali n&egrave; da chi compraua la ca$a era lecito, che rotte
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10941 fu$$ero, &amp; mutati i patroni re$tauano gli ornamenti delle ca$e, &amp; que$to era un grande $timolo,
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10942 che le ca$e, &amp; i tetti ogni giorno rinfacciauano, che un dapoco patrone entra$$e nel trionfo d'al-
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10943 tri. Ecco che da que$to luogo $i puo hauer il $entimento di Vitr. &amp; come nello Atrio era il Ta-
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10944 blino, le imagini, &amp; le <*>tatue. Similmente Ouidio nella ottaua Elegia del primo de gli Amori di-
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10945 ce. Nec te dicipiant ueteris quinque Atria cer&oelig;; Volendo dimo$trare una grande, &amp; antica no-
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10946 bilt&agrave;, a cui non ba$ta$$ero cinque Atrij per porre le imagini di cera de i maggiori. L'u$o adunque
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10947 di que$ti Atrij, &amp; delle parti loro come Ale &amp; Tablini, &egrave; di gia manife$to per le parole di que$ti
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10948 buoni autori. Per procedere adunque ordinatamente nel di$egno de gli Atrij, &amp; nel comparti-
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10949 mento delle ca$e, accioche egli s'intenda que$ta materia riputata (come inuero &egrave;) da tutti diffi-
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10950 cillima: Io dico, che bi$ogna prima uenire alla pianta, &amp; con linee di$egnare l'Atrio in lunghez
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10951 za, &amp; larghezza $econdo una di quelle proportioni, che ha po$to Vitr. o di un quadro &amp; mezo,
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10952 o diagonale, o d'un quadro &amp; due terzi; &amp; qui noi l'hauemo fatto d'un quadro &amp; mezo inclu$o
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10953 nelle lettere A B C D. Venimo poi al di$egno delle Ale, che $ono dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini-
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10954 $tra $olamente, &amp; $ono portichi, &amp; colonnati: &amp; perche dipendono dalla proportione della lun-
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10955 ghezza dell' Atrio, accioche con e$$o $iano proportionate, &egrave; nece$$ario $apere di quanti piedi $ia
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10956 la lunghezza dello Atrio. Qui adunque fatto hauemo l'Atrio lungo 80 piedi, la doue cader&agrave; $otto
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10957 la regola, che dice Vitr. che $e lo Atrio $ar&agrave; lungo da 80 in 100 piedi, tutta la $ua lunghezza $i</I>
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10958 <pb n="290">
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10959 <I>partir&agrave; in 5 parti, &amp; una di e$$e $i dar&agrave; alle Ale a que$to modo, che la quinta parte di 80 $i di<*>-
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10960 de in due parti eguali, &amp; una $i d&agrave; alla de$tra Ala, l'altra alla $ini$tra, non ponendo per&ograve; a que
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10961 $to conto la gro$$ezza delle colonne, percioche le Ale uenirebbero molto $trette. La larghezza
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10962 adunque delle Ale $ar&agrave; 8 piedi, perche 16 &egrave; un quinto di 80. Que$to Atrio adunque $ar&agrave; 80 pie
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10963 di lungo &amp; piedi 53 &amp; mezo largo, &amp; hauer&agrave; l'Ale di 8 piedi $enza la gro$$ezza delle colon-
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10964 ne. L'altezza ueramente de gli Atrij &egrave; la i$te$$a in tutti, cio&egrave; $i $a ad uno i$te$$o modo, che le-
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10965 uando un quarto della lunghezza il re$to $i da all'altezza, cio&egrave; dal piano alla traue, che &egrave; la ca
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10966 tena del tetto, che $o$tenta l'arca, o la ca$$a di tutto il colmo. leuando adunque 20 di 80 dare-
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10967 mo 60 piedi all' altezza, di que$ti 60 piedi faremo l'altezza delle colonne gli Architraui, Freg-
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10968 gi e Cornici 53 piedi &amp; oncie 16 $aranno alte le Colonne con le Ba$e, &amp; capitelli loro, il resto
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10969 $i dar&agrave; alli membri di $opra, n&egrave; ci douemo merauigliare, $e le colonne uengono co$i alte, percio-
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10970 che la magnificenza di quelle ca$e co$iricercaua, &amp; &egrave; propio loro l'altezza, &amp; lunghezza, per
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10971 che &amp; Vitr. dice di $otto</I> {<I>alta Atria</I>,} <I>&amp; Virg. dice longa Atria. n&egrave; uoglio ricapitulare quello,
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10972 che dice Plin. della grandezza, anzi lu$$uria delle ca$e de Romani nel trente$imo$e$to, &amp; nelde-
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10973 cimo$ettimo, &amp; molto copio$amente ne parla il Budeo nel terzo, &amp; quarto de A$$e: ben dir&ograve;
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10974 per far fede di quello, che io ho detto dell' altezza delle colonne, cio&egrave; che le ueniuano a pigliar $u
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10975 le cornici all' altezza del tetto, che Plin. dice. Verum e$to, indul$erint publicis uoluntatibus,
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10976 etiam ne tacuerint maximas earum, atque adeo duo de quadragenum pedum lucullei marmoris
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10977 in Atrio Scauri collocari, nec clam illud, occulte<13>; factum e$t, $ati$dari $ibi damni infecti egit
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10978 redemptor cloacarum, cum in palatium extraherentur. Da que$te parole dice il Budeo potemo
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10979 intendere, che disfatto il Theatro che per un me$e $olo era $tato fabricato, fo$$ero state traportate
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10980 le colonne grandi$$ime nell' Atrio della ca$a di Scauro, la qual' era nel palazzo: le altezze delle
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10981 colonne adunque erano grandi, &amp; per&ograve; dice Vitr. che le traui liminari di quelle Ale $ono alte di
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10982 modo, che le altezze $ieno eguali alle larghezze, cio&egrave; alle larghezze de gli Atrij, &amp; per&ograve; e$-
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10983 $endo largo l'Atrio piedi 53 &amp; oncie 16. Similmente dall' Architraue in terra $aranno piedi 53
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10984 &amp; oncie 16. Vitr. chiama que$te traui Liminari, prima per dimo$trare, che non erano uolti $o-
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10985 pra quelle colonne dell' Atrio, dapoi perche hanno certa $imiglianza con i Liminari. di$egnato
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10986 l'Atrio in altezza, lunghezza, &amp; larghezza con la proportione delle Ale, egli uiene al Tabli-
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10987 no. Ma prima io poner&ograve; il te$to di quanto fin hora s'&egrave; detto, la$ciando il compartimento del-
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10988 l'Architraue, Fregio, &amp; Cornice, alle regole, poste nel Terzo Libro.</I>
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10989 <p>L'altezza de gli Atrij $i deue alzare $otto le traui tanto quanto tiene la lunghezza leuan-
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10990 done uia la quarta parte. Del re$tante $i deue hauer ri$petto a i Lacunari, &amp; all' Arca, che
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10991 &egrave; $opra le traui. Alle Ale che $ono dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra la larghezza $i dia in que-
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10992 $to modo, che $e la lunghezza dell' Atrio $ar&agrave; da 30 a 40 piedi, ella $ia della terza parte, $e
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10993 da 40 a 50 partita $ia in tre parti, &amp; meza, delle quali una $i dia alle Ale, $e da 50 a 60 la
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10994 quarta parte della lunghezza $i conceda alle Ale, da piedi 60 ad 80 parti$ca$i la lunghezza
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10995 in quattro parti &amp; meza, &amp; di que$te una parte $ia la larghezza delle Ale, da 80 fin 100 pie-
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10996 di partita la lunghezza in cinque parti dar&agrave; la iu$ta larghezza delle Ale. Le traui Limina-
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10997 ri di quelle tanto altamente porre $i deono, che le altezze $iano equali alle larghezze.
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10998 <p><I>Qui $i uede un cre$cere, &amp; un $cemare di proportioni mirabile, &amp; chi uorr&agrave; bene con$iderare
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10999 $econdo le regole date da noi nel Terzo Libro, potr&agrave; cono$cere il mirabile artificio di que$te pro-
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11000 portioni, &amp; l'effetto diletteuole, che fanno. quanto meno $on lunghi gli Atrij, tanto maggior
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11001 proportione &egrave; della larghezza dell' Ale: perche $e le proportioni delle ale de gli Atrij minori fu$$e
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11002 ro minori, molto $trette $arebbono l'ale, &amp; non hauriano del buono. Io l'ho riuoltata in tutti i
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11003 modi, n&egrave; mi pare di ma$ticare il pane ad altri, &amp; que$to per dar cagione, che $i fermino meglio i
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11004 denti rompendo ancho e$$i le cro$te. Veramente con buona intentione l'ho fatto, perche $e l'huo-
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11005 moda $e non ua di$correndo, &amp; riuolgendo le co$e belle non fa frutto alcuno. Hora uegniamo al
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11006 Tablino, la cui mi$ura dipende dalla larghezza dello Atrio, $i come la m fura delle ale dipende</I>
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11007 <pb n="291">
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11008 <I>dalla lunghezza: &amp; que$to meritamente, &amp; con ragione, perche, $i come le ale uanno per la
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11009 lunghezza dell' Atrio, co$i il Tablino ua per la larghezza, &amp; &egrave; in fronte dirimpetto alla porta.
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11010 Doue &egrave; la lettera g. Dice adunque Vitr.</I>
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11011 <p>Il Tablino, $e la larghezza dello Atrio $ar&agrave; di piedi 20. leuandone la terza parte allo
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11012 $patio $uo $i dia il re$tante; $e da 30 a 40 $i dia la met&agrave; della larghezza dello Atrio al Tabli
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11013 no. Ma quando da 40 a 60, parti$ca$i la larghezza dello Attio in 5. parti, &amp; di que$te $e ne
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11014 diano due al Tablino, percioche gli Atrij minori non po$$ono hauere le i$te$$e ragioni di
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11015 Simmetrie con i maggiori, percioche $e u$aremo le Simmetrie de i maggiori Atrij ne i mi
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11016 nori, n&egrave; i Tablini nelle ale potranno hauer utile alcuno. <I>Perche $aranno troppo $trette,
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11017 &amp; non $eruiranno al bi$ogno.</I>
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11018 <p>Et $e ancho prenderemo le proportioni de i minori ne i maggiori, quelli membri $aran
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11019 no in que$te fabriche gua$ti, &amp; $mi$urati.
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11020 <p><I>L'e$$empio &egrave; que$to. Se la proportione delle ale de gli Atrij lunghi 80 piedi (che &egrave; un quinto
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11021 della lunghezza) $ar&agrave; pigliata nel mi$urar le ale de gli Atrij di 30 piedi, le ale $aranno troppo
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11022 $trette, perche un quinto di 30 &egrave; $ei piedi, i quali partiti in due parti, faranno la larghezza delle
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11023 ale di 3 piedi. Similmente $e la proportione delle ale de gli Atrij di 30 piedi $ar&agrave; pre$a per for-
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11024 mar le ale de gli Atrij di 80 piedi, che &egrave; un terzo della lunghezza, le ale ueniranno larghi$$ime,
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11025 &amp; $proportionate. Similmente ne i Tablini $i deue $eruare la proportione conueniente alla lar-
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11026 ghezza de gli Atrij. Vero &egrave;, che $i come nell' Atrio piu lungo $i pigliaua minore proportione
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11027 per formar le ale, co$i nell' Atrio piu largo $i piglia minor proportione per formar il Tablino $uo.
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11028 Ecco nell' Atrio largo 20 piedi $i pigliano due terzi per la larghezza del Tablino, nell' Atrio lar-
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11029 go da 30 fin 40 $i piglia la met&agrave;, nell' Atrio largo da 40 fin 60 $i piglia due quinti, &amp; chinon ue
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11030 de, che $ono piu due terzi, che la met&agrave;, &amp; piu la met&agrave;, che due quinti.</I>
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11031 <p>Et per&ograve; io ho pen$ato di douer $criuere partitamente le ragioni e$qui$ite delle grandez
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11032 ze per $eruire all' utilit&agrave;, &amp; all' a$petto.
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11033 <p><I>All' utilit&agrave; ci $erue le ale larghe, perche quando fu$$ero $trette, non $i potrebbe pa$$eggiare.
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11034 Similmente il Tablino doue $i pongono le $tatue, &amp; gli armari, e$$endo troppo $tretto non hau-
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11035 rebbe u$o alcuno. All' a$petto $imilmente, perche una co$a gua$ta, &amp; $mi$urata fa perdere la
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11036 ui$ta, &amp; una ri$tretta troppo l'occupa, &amp; ri$trigne. Se il Tablino pre$o dall' Atrio largo 20
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11037 piedi hau er&agrave; la proportione dell' Atrio di $e$$anta niuno u$o hauer&agrave; il Tablino, perche $ar&agrave; largo
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11038 due quinti, cio&egrave; 8 piedi, &amp; $e il Tablino pre$o dall' Atrio di 60 piedi largo hauer&agrave; la proportio-
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11039 ne dell' Atrio di 20 piedi, che $on un terzo, egli $ar&agrave; troppo largo, perche $ar&agrave; di 4 piedi, &amp; co$i
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11040 ancho $i offender&agrave; l'a$petto tornando d'un' Atrio in un Tablino poco minore dello Atrio. Vitr.
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11041 non ci d&agrave; lunghezza del Tablino, perche io pen$o, che quella $i deue fare, o $econdo la quanti-
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11042 t&agrave; delle $tatue, o $econdo la qualit&agrave; delle per$one, o pure come ricerca la proportione de gli Atrij,
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11043 ilche &egrave; meglio.</I>
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11044 <p>L'altezza del Tablino alla traue e$$er deue con l'aggiunta dell' ottaua parte della lar-
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11045 ghezza. I Lacunari $iano inalzati con l'aggiunta della terza parte della larghezza al-
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11046 l'altezza.
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11047 <p><I>Il Tablino adunq; della no$tra pianta $ar&agrave; largo due quinti della larghezza dello Atrio, che $o
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11048 no piedi 22 poco piu, perche l'Atrio &egrave; largo piedi 53 &amp; oncie 6. $ar&agrave; alto oltra i 22 piedi ancho
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11049 un' ottauo di 22 fin all' Architraue: alla qual altezza $i dar&agrave; anche un terzo della larghezza del
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11050 Tablino fin a i Lacunari; &amp; co$i $ar&agrave; e$pedito l'Atrio, l'ale, &amp; il Tablino quanto alle proportio-
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11051 ni, &amp; commen$ur ationi loro. &amp; perche gli antichi haueuano piu Atrij, Cauedi, Peri$tili, Log-
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11052 gie, &amp; altri $imiglianti membri, per&ograve; ui erano le bocche, &amp; gli anditi d'andar d'uno nell' al-
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11053 tro, &amp; per&ograve; dice Vitr.</I>
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11054 <p>Le bocche a gli Atrij minori $ono per la larghezza del Tablino leuandone un terzo, ma
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11055 ai maggiori per la met&agrave;.
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11056 <foot><I>QQ</I></foot>
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11057 <pb n="292">
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11058 <p><I>Que$te bocche, che Vitr. Fauce, dimanda, erano anditi, &amp; luoghi da pa$$are da un luogo
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11059 all' altro, n&egrave; (come $timo) mancaua loro i proprij adornamenti. &amp; perche ne i Tablini $i pone-
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11060 uano le $tatue, per&ograve; Vitr. ordina quanto alte $i deono collocare con i loro ornamenti, e dice.</I>
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11061 <p>Le imagini $imilmente e$$er deono po$te in quella altezza, che $ar&agrave; la larghezza del-
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11062 le Ale.
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11063 <p><I>Et qui nel no$tro Inpiede del Tablino le $tatue $ono alte piedi otto, perche tanto &egrave; la larghez-
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11064 za delle ale. Il re$to &egrave; facile in Vitr. &amp; compre$o $otto le regole date nel Terzo, &amp; nel Quar-
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11065 to Libro.</I>
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11066 <p>Le larghezze delle porte deono e$$er proportionate all' altezza $econdo che ricerca le
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11067 maniere loro. Le Doriche, come le Doriche, le Ioniche, come le Ioniche, $ian fatte,
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11068 come nel quarto libro, parlando delle porte e$po$te $ono le ragioni delle Simmetrie, Il
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11069 lume dello impluuio largo per la larghezza dallo Atrio non meno d'un quarto, n&egrave; piu
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11070 d'un terzo $ia la$ciato. Ma la lunghezza come dell' Atrio $ia fatta per la rata parte. I Pe-
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11071 ri$tilij per trauer$o la terza parte piu lunghi che di dentro. le colonne tanto alte, quanto
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11072 $aranno larghi i portichi. Gli intercolunni e $patij tra le colonne non $iano di$tanti, me-
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11073 no di tre, n&egrave; piu di quattro gro$$ezze di colonne. Ma $e nel Peri$tilio all' u$anza Dorica $i
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11074 faranno le colonne, co$i $i hanno a fare i moduli, come nel quarto libro io ho $critto del-
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11075 l'ordine Dorico, accioche a que moduli, &amp; alle ragioni de i Triglifi $iano di$po$ti.
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11076 <p><I>Que$ti compartimenti, Moduli, &amp; Simmetrie di traui, di porte, di colonne, &amp; di maniere
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11077 $ono $tati nel terzo, &amp; nel quarto libro a$$ai chiar amente dimo$trati, &amp; con parole, &amp; con di-
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11078 $egni, per&ograve; $i la$cia la lunghezza del dire, per fuggir il tedio, &amp; per dare, che di$correre a gli
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11079 $tudio$i. Io ho po$to la Pianta, &amp; lo Impi&egrave; della ca$a priuata, &amp; $i cono$cer&agrave; dal incontro del-
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11080 le lettere.</I>
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11081 <HEAD><I>Dei Triclini, Stanze, E$$edre, &amp; delle Libre-
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11082 rie, &amp; delle loro mi$ure. Cap. V.</I></HEAD>
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11083 <p>Qvanto $ar&agrave; la larghezza de i Triclini due uolte tanto e$$er deue la lunghezza.
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parents:
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11084 Le altezze di tutti i conclaui, che $aranno piu lunghi, che larghi, deono e$-
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11085 $er compartite in que$to modo, che po$ta in$ieme la lunghezza, &amp; la larghez
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parents:
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11086 za, $i pigli di quella $omma la met&agrave;, &amp; tanto $i dia per l'altezza; ma $e le
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11087 $tanze, &amp; le E$$edre $aranno quadrate, aggiunta la met&agrave; alla larghezza, $i far&agrave; l'altezza.
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11088 Le $tanze dette Pinacotheche, deono e$$er fatte come le E$$edre con ampie grandezze. Le
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11089 $tanze Corinthie, &amp; di quattro colonne, &amp; quelle che Egittie $ono chiamate habbiano la
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11090 ragione delle mi$ure loro al $opradetto modo de i Triclini. Ma $iano per la interpo$itione
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11091 delle colonne piu $patio$e.
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11092 <p><I>Hauendo trattato Vitr. fin qui delle parti communi de gli edifici, tratta hora delle propie, co-
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parents:
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11093 me $ono i cenaculi, le camere, i camerini, le $ale, &amp; le $tanze appartate. Que$te hanno di-
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11094 uer$i nomi pre$i $econdo la $ignificatione de i nomi Greci: &amp; prima &egrave; il nome del Triclinio, che
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11095 era luogo doue $i cenaua, detto da tre letti, $opra i quali $te$i col comito ripo$ando$i mangiauano,
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parents:
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11096 non per&ograve; ui dormiuano, &amp; for$e eran $imili a Ma$tabe Turche$chi. da que$ti letti le $tanze erano
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parents:
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11097 chiamate Triclini, che in una $tanza per l'ordinario erano apparecchiati, &amp; $i puo formare Di<*>
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parents:
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11098 clinio, Tetraclinio, &amp; Decaclinio, doue $ono due, quattro, &amp; dieci letti, &amp; piu, o meno $econ-
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11099 do la di$po$itione di quelli. Il Filandro parla molto bene diffu$amente $opra que$to luogo. Sta-
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11100 uano da un lato $olo della men$a, che era appre$$o il letto $opra tre piedi, &amp; anche $opra uno,
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11101 &amp; mutauano la tauola mutando l'imbandigioni, di modo, che leuata la prima uiuanda, era
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11102 portata di pe$o la $econda $opra un' altra men$a. Le donne per antico in$tituto $edeuano a tauola,</I>
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11103 <pb n="293">
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11104 <I>gli huomini, come ho detto, $tauano $te$i appoggiati$ul comito. Quando uoleuano mangiare i
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11105 $erui correuano, &amp; gli leuauano le $carpe. Per l'ordinario non piu di due $tauano $opra un let-
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11106 to, ma $econ do il numero de conuiuanti erano i letti. La forma de quali pre$a dallo antico &egrave; po-
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11107 $ta dal Filandro, &amp; ne $ono le carte $tampate. Conclaue $i chiama ogni $tanza $errata $otto una
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11108 chiaue, come $ono le camere, i triclini, &amp; ogni habitatione. Oeci $ono le $tanze, doue $i $ace-
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11109 uano i conuiti, &amp; le fe$te, &amp; doue le donne lauorauano, &amp; noi le potemo nominare Sale, o Sa-
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11110 lotti. E$$edra io chiamerei la Sala, o il luogo della audienza, &amp; doue $u'l mezo giorno $i dor-
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11111 miua la $tate, &amp; era luogo $opra i giardini grande, &amp; $patio$o detto co$i dalle $edi, che iui erano.
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11112 Pinacothecha era luogo, doue eran le tauole dipinte, ouero le $critture, &amp; que$ti luoghi cio&egrave; le
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11113 E$$edre, le Pinacotheche, &amp; i Triclini erano fatti magnificamente, ornati di pitture, di
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11114 colonne, di $tucchi, &amp; d'altre magnificenze. Hora Vitruuio ci da la mi$ura, &amp; la di-
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11115 $po$itione di tutte, parte con regole generali, parte con regole particolari, &amp; prima dice
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11116 de i Triclini, i quali dice douer e$$er di due quadri, cio&egrave; la lunghezza, il doppio della
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11117 larghezza, &amp; in generale dice, che ogni conclaue deue e$$er alto la met&agrave; di quel tutto, che fa la
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11118 lungheza, &amp; la larghezza po$ta in$ieme, di modo che $e la larghezza $ar&agrave; di $ei, la lunghezza
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11119 di 12. po$ti in$ieme 6. &amp; 12. faran 18. la cui met&agrave; &egrave; 9. l'altezza adunque $ar&agrave; di noue: ma $e le
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11120 E$$edre, o Sale $aranno di forma quadrata, le altezze $i deono fare d'un quadro, &amp; mezo. Le
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11121 Pinacotheche, $i deono fare di ampli$$ime proportioni come di doppie, &amp; di triple. Le Sale al
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11122 modo Corinthio nominate Tetra$tile, &amp; ancho quelle, che $ono fatte al modo d'Egitto, $eruano
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11123 le proportioni de i Triclini, ma perche in e$$e ui $ono trapo$te delle colonne, per&ograve; hanno $patij
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11124 maggiori. Ma che differenza $ia trale Corinthie, &amp; le Egittie, Vitr. lo dichiara molto bene,
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11125 &amp; dice.</I>
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11126 <p>Tra le Corinthie, &amp; le Egittie $i troua que$ta differenza: le Corinthie hanno le colon-
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11127 ne $emplici, ouero po$te $opra il poggio, ouero a ba$$o, &amp; hanno gli Architraui, e le co-
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11128 rone di $tucco, o d'opera di legno, &amp; ancho $opra le colonne il cielo, o uolta &egrave; curuo, a
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11129 $e$ta $chiacciato; Ma nelle Egittie $ono gli Architraui po$ti $opra le colonne, &amp; da gli Ar
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11130 chitraui a i pareti, che uanno a torno, &egrave; po$to il palco, &amp; $opra e$$o il tauolato, &amp; paui-
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11131 mento allo $coperto, $i che $i uada a torno; dapoi $opra l'Architraue a piombo delle co-
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11132 lonne di $otto $i pongono le colonne minori per la quarta parte, $opra gli Architraui, &amp;
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11133 ornamenti delle quali uanno i $offittati adorni, &amp; tra le colonne di $opra $i pongono le $i-
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11134 ne$tre, &amp; co$i pare quella $imiglianza delle Ba$iliche, &amp; non de i Triclini Corinthij.
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11135 <p><I>Le Sale Corinthie haueuano le colonne appre$$o il parete, &amp; erano le colonne $emplici, cio&egrave;
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11136 d'un ordine, &amp; $opra e$$e non u'erano altre colonne, ma gli Architraui, &amp; Cornici, come nella
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11137 Curia di $tucchi, &amp; d'opere di biancheggiamento, ouero di legno. Ma le Sale Egittie haueuano
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11138 il parete a torno, &amp; le colonne di dentro uia lontane dal muro, come le Ba$iliche, &amp; $opra le
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11139 colonne eran gli Architraui, &amp; Corone, &amp; gli $patij tra le colonne, &amp; il parete era coperto di
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11140 pauimento, il qual pauimento era $coperto di modo, che $i poteua andare intorno la Sala allo
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11141 $coperto, &amp; $opra l'Architraue erano delle altre colonne per un quarto minore di quelle, di $otto,
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11142 che tra que$te erano le fine$tre, che dauano lume alla parte di dentro, la quale parte haueua il $of
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11143 fitto alto, perche era $opra gli Architraui, &amp; le cornici delle $econde colonne, &amp; in uero doue-
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11144 ua e$$er co$a grandi$$ima, e degna da uedere, &amp; poteua $eruire mirabilmente alla ui$ta delle fe$te,
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11145 &amp; de i conuiti, che $i faceuano in quelle Sale. Somigliauano que$te Sale Egittie alle Ba$iliche piu
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11146 pre$to, che &agrave; i Triclinij. da que$te poi s'entraua in altre Sale, &amp; in altre $tanze, o fu$$ero Triclini,
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11147 &amp; conclaui, o altro, che fu$$e nece$$ario alla commodit&agrave; della ca$a. Vitr. $eguita a darci altre
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11148 maniere di $tanze, &amp; di alloggiamenti fatti alla Greca, che ancho quelli doueuano hauer del gran
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11149 de; &amp; il prudente Architetto potr&agrave; pigliare quanto gli parer&agrave; $econdo l'u$o de no$tri tempi.</I>
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11150 <foot><I>QQ</I> 2</foot>
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11151 <pb n="294">
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11152 <HEAD><I>Delle Sale al modo de' Greci.
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11153 Cap. VI.</I></HEAD>
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11154 <p>Fanno$i ancho le Sale non al modo d'Italia, dette Cizicene da Greci. Que-
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11155 $te guardano uer$o Tramontana, &amp; $pecialmente a i prati, &amp; uerdure, &amp; han
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11156 no le porte nel mezo, &amp; $ono co$i lunghe, &amp; larghe, che due Triclini con
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11157 quello, che ui ua d'intorno, riguardando$i all' incontro ui po$$ono capire,
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11158 &amp; hanno dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra i lumi delle fine$tre, che $i aprono, &amp; $errano, accio
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11159 che egli $i po$$a per gli $patij delle fine$tre dal tetto uedere i prati da lungi. Le loro altez-
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11160 ze $iano aggiuntaui la met&agrave; delle larghezza. In que$te maniere di edifici $i deono fare tut
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11161 te le ragioni delle mi$ure, che $enza impedimento del luogo $i potranno, &amp; i lumi $e non
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11162 $aranno o$curati dalle altezze de i pareti $acilmente $aranno e$plicati, &amp; sbrigati. Ma $e
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11163 dalla $trettezza, ouero da altra nece$sit&agrave; impediti $aranno, allhora bi$ogner&agrave; con inge-
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11164 gno, &amp; prontezza torre, o aggiugnere delle mi$ure in modo, che le bellezze dell' opera
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11165 dalle uere mi$ure non $iano di$simiglianti.
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11166 <p><I>E que$ta differenza tra le Sale Corinthie, &amp; Egittie, che le Corinthie haueuano le colonne $em
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11167 plici, cioe d'un ordine, po$te, ouero $opra il poggio a modo d'alcuni Tempy, $econdo che egli ha
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11168 detto nel terzo, ouero $enza il poggio erano da terra leuate, &amp; $i ripo$auano in terra, &amp; $opra
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11169 le colonne gli Architraui, &amp; le cornici, o di legno, o $tucco al modo, che egli ha detto al $econdo
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11170 capo del quinto parlando della Curia: $opra u'erano i $offittatinon di tutto tondo, ma $chiaccia-
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11171 ti, erano per&ograve; fatti a $e$ta, &amp; que uolti erano portioni de circoli, noi chiamamo rimenati. Ma
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11172 gli Egittij u$auan ancho e$$i $opra le colonne gli Architraui, ma $opra quelle, che erano di$co$te
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11173 dal parete uer$o la parte di dentro poneuano la trauatura, che pa$$aua da gli Architraui a i muri
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11174 d'intorno: $opra la trauatura il ta$$ello piano, &amp; tauellato col pauimento $coperto, il qual pa
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11175 uimento era dallo $patio delle colonne al muro d'intorno intorno, &amp; $i poteua caminarui $opra al
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11176 lo $coperto. Ma $opra l'Architraue a piombo delle colonne di $otto, $i poneua un'altro ordin&egrave;
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11177 di colonne $econdo la regola detta piu uolte, cio&egrave;, che le colonne di $opra eran la quarta parte
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11178 delle colonne di $otto minori, &amp; questte colonne haueuano ancho e$$e i loro Architraui, cornici,
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11179 e i Lacunari $econdo i Corinthij, &amp; tra le colonne di $opra erano le fine$tre di modo, che una Sa
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11180 la Egittia haueua piu pre$to della Ba$ilica, che del Triclinio. Et qui due co$e douemo auuertire,
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11181 l<*>una come erano le Ba$iliche, &amp; come haueuano le fine$tre. L'altra che que$to nome di Tricli-
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11182 nio &egrave; u$ato da Vitr. parlando delle Sale, &amp; non fa differenza tra quelle $tanze, che egli chiama<*>
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11183 Oeci, &amp; quelle che $ono Triclini nominate: per&ograve; io direi, che Oeci $ono Triclini grandi, &amp; Tri-
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11184 clini oeci piccioli: quelli a publichi, que$ti a priuati edifici, &amp; ordinarij dedicati. Hauendoci adunq;
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11185 Vitr. e$plicato que$ta differenza, egli pone una u$anza di que$te $ale fatte alla Greca, &amp; benche pa
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11186 re, che le Corinthie $iano Greche, et che le Egittie ancho $iano $tate u$ate da Greci, &amp; l'una, &amp; l'al
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11187 tra maniera fia $tata pre$a da Italiani. nientedimeno io $timo, che que$te $ale, che egli nel pre$en-
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11188 te capo dice e$$er alla Greca, non fu$$ero $tate pre$e da Italiani, ma che $olo in Grecia s'u$a$$ero.
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11189 Que$te dice egli, che $i chiamauano Cizicene, co$i dette da una terra de' Milesij nella Proponti-
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11190 de. Erano po$te al Settentrione, riguardauano i campi, &amp; le uerdure, haueuano le porte nel
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11191 mezo, capiuano due Triclinij con quello, che gli $ta intorno oppo$ti l'uno all' altro, da i letti de
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11192 i quali $i poteuano uedere le uerdure per le fine$tre. Le mi$ure di que$te $ale $ono bene da Vitr.
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11193 dichiarite, n&egrave; ci accade figura, perche dalle figure $oprapo$te, &amp; dalle regole tante fiate dichia
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11194 <*>ite uno $tudio$o, &amp; diligente ne puo cauare la forma.</I>
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11195 <pb n="295">
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11196 <HEAD><I>Ache parte del cielo ogni maniera di edificio deue guardare
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11197 accio $ia utile, &amp; $ana. Cap. VII.</I></HEAD>
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11198 <p>Hor noi dichiararemo con che proprict&agrave; le maniere de gli edi$ici all'u$o, &amp; al-
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11199 le parti del cielo commodamente po$sino riguardare. I Triclini del uerno,
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11200 &amp; i luoghi de i bagni riguardino quella parte, doue il Sole trammonta il uer-
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11201 no, perche bi$ogna u$are il lume della $era, &amp; anche per que$to, perche il So
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11202 le cadendo ha lo $plendore oppo$to, &amp; rimettendo il calore nel tempo ue$pertino intepe di
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11203 $ce piu la regione d'intorno. I Cubiculi, &amp; le Librerie deono e$$er po$te all' Oriente,
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11204 perche l'u$o uuole il lume mattutino, &amp; ancho i libri non $i gua$tano nelle librerie, perche
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11205 in quelle, che $ono uer$o il Meriggie, ouero a Ponente le carte $ono gua$te da i Tarli, &amp;
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11206 dall' humore, perche i uenti humidi $oprauegnenti li fanno generare, &amp; gli notri$cono;
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11207 &amp; $pargendo gli $piriti humidi per la muffa corrompeno i uolumi. I Triclinij di primaue
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11208 ra, &amp; d'Autunno $i drizzano all' Oriente, perche l'impeto del Sole oppo$to andando di
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11209 lungo uer$o l'Occidente fa quelle $tanze di lumi circondate piu temperate in quel tempo,
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11210 che $i $ogliono adoperare. Ma quelli della $tate deono riguardare al Settentrione, perche
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11211 quella parte, non come le altre, che nel $ol$titio $i fanno per lo calore ardenti, per e$-
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11212 $er riuolta dal cor$o del Sole, $empre &egrave; fre$ca, &amp; nell' u$o porge $anit&agrave;, &amp; piacere. Et co-
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11213 $i que luoghi, doue $i hanno a $aluare $critture, &amp; tauole, o pitture, detti Pinacothechi,
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11214 oue $i fanno le coltre, o piumacci cuciti con diuer$i colori, &amp; imbottiti, o doue $i dipi-
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11215 gne, bi$ogna che riguardino al Settentrione, accioche i colori di quelli per la fermezza,
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11216 &amp; egualit&agrave; de lumi $iano nelle opere impermutabili.
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11217 <p><I>Haueuano gli antichi molta auuertenza al Decoro, del quale parlato hauemo nel primo li-
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11218 bro. Similmente alla di$tributione, che $erue all' u$o, perche Vitr. parla in que$to luogo di quel-
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11219 lo, che ci accommoda, &amp; parler&agrave; di quello che $ta bene, &amp; che conuiene a diuer$i gradi di per-
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11220 $one; Et inuero, (come io bo detto nel principio di que$to libro) Vitr. ha uoluto, che noi con$i-
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11221 deriamo egualmente le co$e dette nel primo nelle opere publiche, &amp; nelle priuate: perche quelle
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11222 crano indifferenti, communi, &amp; applicabili come i numeri, &amp; le figure a diuer$e materie.
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11223 Quanto ad&umacr;que appartiene alla di$tributione, $i uede nel pre$ente capo, che egli tratta a che parti
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11224 del cielo, quali$tanze douemo fabricare: s&igrave; perche ne habbiamo commodo, &amp; utilit&agrave;: s&igrave; per-
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11225 che $iano $ane. Gli antichi mangiauano $econdo le $tagioni in diuer$e $tanze, nella $tate in luo-
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11226 ghi uolti al Settentrione, &amp; che haueuano acque, &amp; uerdure: Il uerno haueuano il fuoco, la
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11227 facciata piu calda, imparando da gli uccelli, che $econdo le $tagioni uanno mutando il luogo. &amp;
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11228 perche non $olamente douemo hauer cura della commodit&agrave; delle per$one, ma anche della con$erua
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11229 tione delle robbe, per&ograve; molto bene douemo con$iderare di far le $tanze per $aluar le robbe, ilche in
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11230 que$to capo di Vitr. &egrave; molto bene con$iderato, &amp; ci la$cia da pen$are piu oltra $econdo l'occa$io-
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11231 ne, imperoche egli non abbraccia ogni co$a, ma ci da tanto lume, che ci ba$ta, oltra che ne dir&agrave;
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11232 ancho dapoi. ci $ono anche le ca$e de gli artefici, &amp; de mercanti, che uendeno co$e, che hanno
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11233 b $ogno d'e$$er con$eruate in propij luoghi, $econdo le qualit&agrave; delle merci. Similmente le muni-
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11234 tioni, i uiueri, le armi, &amp; luoghi dall' oglio, dalle lane, delle $pecierie, &amp; de i frutti hanno le
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11235 loro propriet&agrave; da e$$er con$iderate, perche poi niente $ia, che gua$ti le robbe: ma que$te co$e non
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11236 cadono in con$ideratione nelle ca$e de i grandi. Seguita ancho un'altra di$tributione, che parti-
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11237 cipa del Decoro, &amp; dice.</I>
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11238 <pb n="296">
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11239 <HEAD><I>De i propi luoghi de gli edifici, &amp; priuati, &amp; communi, &amp;
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11240 delle maniere conuenienti ad ogni qualit&agrave; di per$one.</HEAD>
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11241 <HEAD>Cap. VIII.</I></HEAD>
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11242 <p>Es$endo le $tanze alle parti del cielo a que$to modo di$po$te, allhora bi$ogna
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11243 auuertire, con che ragione a i padri di famiglia i propij luoghi, &amp; in che mo
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11244 do i communi con gli $trani $i deono fabricare: perche in que$ti che propi $o
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11245 no, non &egrave; lecito, n&egrave; puo ognuno in es$i entrare $e non &egrave; inuitato come $o-
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11246 no i Cubiculi, i Triclini, i Bagni, &amp; le altre $tanze, che hanno l'i$te$$e ragioni dell' u$o lo-
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11247 ro. Communi $ono quelli, ne i quali ancho chi non &egrave; chiamato del popolo, ui puo en-
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11248 trare. Que$ti $ono l'entrate, i Cortili, i Peri$tili, &amp; quelle parti, che po$$ono hauere l'u$o
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11249 i$te$$o. A quelli adunque, i quali $ono di $orte commune, non $ono nece$$arie l'entrate ma-
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11250 gni$iche, n&egrave; i Tablini, ne gli Atrij, perche que$ti pre$tano a gli altri quegli officij cercando,
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11251 che da gli altri $ono cercati. Ma quelli, che $eruono alla utilit&agrave;, &amp; frutti della uilla, nelle en-
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11252 trate delle loro ca$e, deono hauere gli $tabuli, &amp; tauerne, &amp; nelle ca$e l'arche, e i granai, le
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11253 $aluarobbe, &amp; le di$pen$e, che po$$ono piu pre$to e$$er per $eruare i frutti, che a bellezza
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11254 &amp; ornamento. Co$i a publicani, a banchieri, ouero cambiatori $i fanno le ca$e piu commo-
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11255 de, &amp; piu belle, &amp; piu $icure dalle in$idie. A gli huomini di palazzo, &amp; a gli auuocati piu ele-
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11256 ganti, &amp; piu $patio$e, per poter riceuere, &amp; admettere la moltitudine delle genti. A nobili,
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11257 che ne i magi$trati, &amp; ne gli honori deono a cittadini non mancare d'officio, $i deue fare le
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11258 entrate regali, e gli Atrij alti, &amp; i portichi, o loggie amplis$ime, &amp; gli $patij da caminare
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11259 piu larghi perfetti all' ornamento, e decoro. Oltra di cio le Librerie, le Cancellarie, le
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11260 Ba$iliche non dis$imig lianti da quello, che ricerca la magnificenza delle opere publiche:
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11261 perche nelle lor ca$e $pe$$o $i fanno, &amp; i con$igli publici, &amp; i priuati, &amp; i giudici arbitri, &amp;
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11262 comprome$si. Se adunque con que$te ragioni ad ogni $orte di per$one co$i $aranno gli
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11263 edificij di$po$ti, come del Decoro &egrave; $tato $critto nel primo uolume, non $ar&agrave; co$a degna
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11264 di ripren$ione, perche haueranno ad ogni co$a commode, &amp; $enza menda le loro e$plica
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11265 tioni. Et di quelle co$e non $olo ci $aranno, nella citta le ragioni, ma ancho nella uilla.
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11266 Eccetto, che nella Citt&agrave; gli Atrij $ono uicini alle porte, ma nella uilla, che qua$i imitano
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11267 le cittadine$che, $ubito appre$$o le porte $ono i Peri$tili, dapoi gli Atrij, che hanno i por
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11268 tichi d'intorno con pauimenti, che riguardano uer$o le pale$tre, &amp; i luoghi da pa$teg-
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11269 giare. lo ho de$critto diligentemente (come ho propo$to) in $omma le ragioni di fare le
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11270 fabriche cittadine$che nella Citt&agrave;.
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11271 <p><I>E$pedita la parte, che apparteneua alla Di$tributione, Vitruuio nel pre$ente capo ci dimo$tra
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11272 quanto conuiene al Decoro, che altro non &egrave;, che un ri$petto alla dignit&agrave;, &amp; allo $tato delle per
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11273 $one. Fatta adunque la di$tintione delle per$one bi$ogna a cia$una $econdo il grado $uo fabricare,
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11274 &amp; per&ograve; altro comp artimento hauera la ca$a d'un Signore, altro quella del nobile, altro quella
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11275 del populo. Le parti delle ca$e $imilmente, $iano &ograve; communi, &ograve; propie, deono riguardare alla
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11276 qualit&agrave; delle per$one. V$auano anticamente quelli, che con maggiore $plendidezza uoleuano fabri
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11277 care la$ciar dinanzi alle porte un luogo uacuo, che non era parte della ca$a, ma bene conduceua
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11278 alla ca$a, doue $tauano i Clienti, &amp; quelli, che ueniuano per $alutar i grandi, fin che erano ad-
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11279 mes$i, &amp; $i poteua dire, che n&egrave; erano in ca$a, n&egrave; fuori di ca$a. Que$to luogo era detto Ve$tibulo,
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11280 &amp; era di gran dignit&agrave; &amp; adornato di loggie, &amp; di $patij. La $ua hone$t&agrave; era la uia, l'u$o, il poter
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11281 commodamente a$pettare, il piacere, perche iui i giouani a$pettando i principali s'e$$ercitauano
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11282 alla palla, alle lotti, a $altare, &amp; in altri e$$ercitij giouanili. Eranui le porte, prima le communi,
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11283 &amp; que$ta di ragione era una $ola $plendida, e ricca, &amp; adorna mir abilmente, &amp; poi altre parti-</I>
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11284 <pb n="297">
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11285 <I>colari, come quella, che $eruiua al condurre le robbe in ca$a, &amp; quella del patrone $ecreta, per
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11286 la quale egli $enza e$$er ueduto poteua u$cire. Et per&ograve; dice Horatio. Atria $eruantem po$tico
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11287 falle clientem. eraui l'entrata, l'Atrio, il Tablino, il Peri$tilio per ordine. Le $cale $econdo la
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11288 dignit&agrave; &amp; forma loro belli$$ime, commodi$$ime, e lucide, metteuano capo in ampie, &amp; $pacio$e
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11289 $ale, che $copriuano il mare, i giardini, &amp; le uerdure, &amp; $otto e$$e a pi&egrave; piano erano molte log
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11290 gie, &amp; luoghi da audienze di modo, che niente $i poteua de$iderare. La$cio $tare la magnificen-
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11291 za, che u$auano in ogni altra $tanza, ne i dormitori, ne i cenacoli $econdo le $tagioni, nelle came
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11292 re, ne i bagni, che $arebbe co$a lunga a narrare. Haueuano riguardo ad accommodar i fore$tie
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11293 ri. I grandi adunque haueuano $econdo le lor qualit&agrave; gli edificij, i mediocri, i mercanti, gli ar-
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11294 tefici erano accommodati. Le bottghe e$$er doueuano $opra $trade correnti in belle ui$te, le mer-
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11295 ci in mo$tra, &amp; inuitauano gli huomini a comprare. Ecco adunque quanto chiaramente Vitr. $i
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11296 la$cia intendere per quello, che egliha detto nel primo libro al $econdo capo, quando egli dice,
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11297 parlando del Decoro, beatis, &amp; delicatis. qui dice foren$ibus autem, &amp; di$ertis. &amp; la doue
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11298 egli dice potentes, qui dice nobilibus, qui honores, magi$tratusque gerendo. &amp;c. Gli Atrij
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11299 in Villa non erano alla prima entrata, ma dopo i peri$tili, &amp; haueuano i portichi d'intorno con
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11300 bei pauimenti, &amp; co$i $i uede, che ancho d'intorno gli Atrij erano i portichi. Et qui $ia fine del-
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11301 le ca$e priuate fatte nella Citt&agrave;.</I>
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11302 <HEAD><I>Delle ragioni de iru$ticali edifici, &amp; di$tintioni di molte par-
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11303 ti di quelle. Cap. IX.</I></HEAD>
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11304 <p>Hora dir&ograve; de ru$ticali edifici, come po$$ono e$$er commodi all' u$o, &amp; con
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11305 che ragioni $i deono fare. prima $i deue guardare alla $alubrit&agrave; dello aere, co
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11306 me s'&egrave; detto nel primo libro di porre le Citt&agrave;. Le grandezze loro $econdo
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11307 la mi$ura delle po$$e$sioni, &amp; le copie de i frutti $ieno comparate; I cortili,
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11308 &amp; le grandezze loro al numero delle pecore, &amp; co$i quanti par&agrave; di buoi $ar&agrave; nece$$ario
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11309 che ui $tiano bi$ogner&agrave; determinare. Nel cortile la cucina in luogo caldi$simo $ia po-
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11310 $ta, &amp; habbia congiunte le $talle de i buoi, le pre$epi de i quali riguardino uer$o il fuoco,
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11311 &amp; l'Oriente, perche i buoi guardando il fuoco, &amp; il lume non $i fanno ombro$i, &amp; timidi,
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11312 &amp; co$i gli agricoltori periti delle regioni, non pen$ano che bi$ogni, che i buoi riguardi-
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11313 no altra parte del cielo, $e non il na$cimento del Sole. Le larghezze de i bouili non deo-
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11314 no e$$er meno di piedi dieci, n&egrave; piu di quindici. La lunghezza in modo, che cia$cuno
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11315 par di buoi non occupi piu di $ette piedi. I Lauatoi $iano congiunti alla cucina, perche
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11316 a que$to modo non $ar&agrave; lontana la ammini$tratione della ru$tica lauatione. Il Torchio
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11317 dell' oglio $ia pro$simo alla cucina, perche co$i a frutti oleari $ar&agrave; commodo, Et habbia
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11318 congiunta la cantina, i lumi della quale $i torranno dal Settentrione, percioche hauendo
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11319 gli da altra parte, doue il Sole po$$a $caldare, il uino, che ui $ar&agrave; dentro, confu$o, &amp; me$
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11320 colato dal calore $i far&agrave; debile, &amp; men gagliardo, I luoghi dall' oglio $i deono porre in
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11321 modo, che habbiano il lume dal mezod&igrave;, &amp; dalle parti calde, percioche l'oglio non $i de
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11322 ue aggiacciare: ma per la tepidit&agrave; del calore a$$ottigliar$i. Le grandezze di que luoghi
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11323 deono e$$er fatte $econdo la ragione de i frutti: &amp; il numero de i ua$i, i quali e$$endo di
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11324 mi$ura di uenti anfore, deono per mezo occupare quattro piedi. Ma il torchio $e non &egrave;
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11325 $tretto con le uiti, ma con le $tanghe, &amp; col prelo, e le traui, che premeno, non $ia men
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11326 lungo di quaranta piedi, &amp; co$i $ar&agrave; a quelli, che lo uoltano lo $patio e$pedito, la larghez
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11327 za $ua non $ia meno di piedi $edici, perche co$i compiutamente $i potr&agrave; da quelli, che fan-
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11328 no l'oglio uoltare. Ma $e egli $ar&agrave; luogo per due preli, o calcatoi $i diano uentiquattro
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11329 piedi per la lunghezza. Gli ouili, &amp; le $talle per le capre $i deono fare co$i grandi, che
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11330 <pb n="298">
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11331 cia$cuna pecora non meno di quattro piedie mezo, non piu di $ei po$$a occupare di lun-
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11332 ghezza. I Granai alzati al Settentrione, &amp; all' Aquilone: perche a que$to modo i grani
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11333 non potranno co$i pre$to ri$caldar$i, ma dal uento raffreddati lungamente $i con$eruaran-
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11334 no, perche l'altre parti generano le pauigliole, &amp; altre be$tiuolette, che $ono di nocu-
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11335 mento a i grani. Le $talle de caualli $i porranno in luoghi caldi$simi, pur che non guardi-
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11336 no al foco, perche quando i giumenti $ono appre$$o al foco, $i fanno horridi. Et ancho
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11337 non $ono inutili le tezze di buoi, o pre$epi, che $i dichino, che $i mettono oltra la cucina
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11338 alla $coperta uer$o Leuante, perche quando la inuernata al Cielo $ereno $ono in quelle con
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11339 dotti, la mattina i buoi pa$cendo$i diuentano piu gra$si. I Granari, i Fenili, i luogh<*> da
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parents:
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11340 riporre i farri, i pi$trini; $i deono fare oltra la ca$a di uilla, accioche le ca$e $iano piu $icu-
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11341 re dal foco. Ma $e nelle fabriche di uilla $i uorr&agrave; fare alcuna co$a piu delicata, dalle mi$u-
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11342 re delle ca$e della Citt&agrave; $opra$critte $i fabricher&agrave; in modo, che $enza impedimento della
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11343 utilit&agrave; ru$ticale $ia edi$icata. Bi$ogna hauer cura, che tutti gli edifici $iano lumino$i. A
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11344 quelli di uilla, perche non hanno pareti de i uicini, che gli impedi$ca, facilmente $i proue
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11345 de. Ma nelle Citt&agrave;, o le altezze de i pareti publichi, o le $trettezze del luogo con i loro
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11346 impedimenti fanno le $tanze o$cure. Et per&ograve; di que$to co$i $i deue far e$perienza. Da
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11347 quella parte, che $i prende il lume, $ia tirata una linea, o $ilo dall' altezza del parete, che
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11348 par' o$tare a quel luogo, dentro il quale bi$ogna poner il lume, &amp; $e da e$$a linea, quando
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11349 $i guarder&agrave; in alto $i potr&agrave; uedere lo ampio $patio del puto cielo, in quel luogo $ar&agrave; il lu-
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11350 me $enza impedimento, ma $e egli impediranno, o traui, o $ogliari, o palchi, apri$i dalla
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11351 parte di $opra, &amp; co$i ui $i metta il lume. Et in $omma noi douemo gouernarci in que$to
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11352 modo, che da qualunque parte $i puo uedere il lume del cielo, per quelle $i deono la$cia-
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11353 re i luoghi alle $ine$tre. Et co$i gli edifici $aranno lucidi. Ma l'u$o de i lumi grandi$si-
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11354 mo ne i Triclimi, &amp; ne gli altri conclaui, come ne gli anditi, nelle di$ce$e, nelle $cale,
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11355 perche in que$ti luoghi $pe$$o s'incontrano le per$one, che portano pe$i addo$$o. Io ho
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11356 e$plicato quanto ho potuto le di$tributioni delle opere fatte al no$tro modo, accioche
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11357 o$cure non $iano a chi fabrica.
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11358 <p><I>Non ha uoluto Vitr. la$ciar a dietro la con$ideratione della uilla, &amp; delle fabriche fatte fuo-
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11359 ri della Citt&agrave;, imperoche non meno era nece$$ario que$to trattamento, che quello delle altre fa-
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11360 briche. Da Columella, Varrone, Catone, &amp; Palladio $i puo trarre copio$amente quello, che
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11361 appartiene alla uilla, &amp; perche quelli autori a$$ai di$tinti, et copio$i $ono: io non uoglio a pompa
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11362 citare i luoghi loro: a$$ai mi $ar&agrave; dimo$trare in Vitr. i precetti del quale $ono $tati da alcuni di
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diff changeset
11363 quelli beni$$imo o$$eruati. Le fabriche di Villa e$$er deono in luoghi $ani, $ono piu libere, che
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11364 quelle della Citt&agrave;, &amp; molte commodit&agrave; $i deue hauere in quelle, &amp; molte dalla natura cercar-
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diff changeset
11365 ne. Hanno piu, &amp; meno stanze, $econdo il grado de gli huomini tanto per gli familiari, quan-
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11366 to per li fore$tieri. Il mediocre, &amp; ba$$o $i deue sforzare d'hauer in uilla buona $tanza, accio la
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11367 moglie $tia piu uolentieri a gouernar le robbe, &amp; attenda piu all' utile, che al piacere. Al con-
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11368 trario i ricchi, et grandi huomini habbiano dinanzi le $tanze loro gli $patij da correre, &amp; tornea-
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11369 re le belle uerdure, $iano dife$e da uapori, da uenti, da monti, che impedi$ceno non habbian le
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diff changeset
11370 $talle, n&egrave; i letami ui cini, &amp; $ia il tutto fabricato con dignit&agrave;. Le $tanze del lauoratore, o del
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11371 Ga$taldo $iano partite per le co$e, per gli huomini, per gli animali, per gli $trumenti. L'Ara
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diff changeset
11372 $ia al Sole, aperta, larga, battuta alquanto colma nel mezo, &amp; uicina al coperto. Il ga$taldo
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11373 dorma appre$$o la porta mae$tra, i lauoratori ne i luoghi, che $iano pronti a gli ufficij loro. La
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11374 cucina $i i ampia, chiara, $icura dal fuoco: le $aluarobbe commode: gli animali da lauoro, co-
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11375 me $ono buoi, &amp; caualli, $iano in luoghi accommodati con le ragioni, che dice Vitr. Similmente
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11376 gli animali, che fruttano come $ono armenti di Porci, Pecore, Pollami, Vccelli, Pe$ci, Colombi, Le-
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11377 pri, &amp; altri $imili animali, tutti deono $econdo le qualit&agrave;, e nature loro e$$er accomodati, &amp; l'o$$er
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diff changeset
11378 uanze di que$teco$e molto bene $i fanno auuertendo &agrave; quello, che $i fa in diuer$i pae$i; &amp; pon&emacr;doui</I>
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11379 <pb n="299">
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11380 <I>eura, &amp; mdu$tria. Il grano, &amp; ogni $eme marci$ce per l'humido, impallidi$ce perlo caldo, amma$
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11381 $ato $i ri$tringe, &amp; $obboglie, e per toccar la calce $i guasta, &amp; pero $ia $opra tauolato, &ograve; in <*>aua $o
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11382 pra la nuda terra, uer$o Borea, e Tramontana. Le poma $i con$eruano in luogo $reddo, in ca$-
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diff changeset
11383 $e di legno rinchiu$e. La Cantina $ott erra, rinchiu$a, lontana dal mezo d&igrave;, &amp; da i uenti Meri
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11384 dionali, &amp; dallo $trepito, habbia il lume da leuante, ouero da Borea: ogni humore, uapore, &amp;
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11385 fetore e$$er le deue lontano: $ia pendente, &amp; la$tr<*>cata in modo, che $el uino $i $pande, po$$a e$-
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11386 $er raccolto. I ua$i del Vino $iano capaci$$imi, &amp; fermi. Gli in$trumenti, che bi$ognano a gli
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11387 Agricoltori $iano in luoghi accommodati: il carro, i gioghi, l'aratro, le corbe dal fieno $iano $ot-
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parents:
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11388 to il coperto al mezodi uer$o la cucina. Al Torchio dia$i $tanza capace, &amp; conueniente, oue
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11389 $i ripongono i ua$i, le funi, i ce$ti. Sopra le traui del coperto $i pongono i cratici, le pertiche, lo
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11390 $trame, il canapo. I buoi mangino al ba$$o, a Caualli prendano lo $trame di $opra, perche alzan-
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11391 do la te$ta l'a$ciugano, perche hanno la te$ta humida, per&ograve; dinanzi la mangiatora non $ia il pare-
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11392 te humido. La Luna gli gua$ta gli occhi. La Mula impazza in luogo caldo, ba$$o, &amp; o$uro.
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11393 Le mi$ure delle $talle da buoi, &amp; da pecore$ono po$te da Vitr. Il Torchio antico for$e haueua
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11394 altra maniera di quello, che u$amo noi a que$ti tempi. Po$ti i precetti di tutte quelle co$e, che
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11395 alla uilla $ono piu nece$$arie parla Vitr. de i lumi, &amp; delle fine$tre. Le quali in uilla $ono men impe
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11396 dite, ma nella Citt&agrave; po$$ono hauere motti contrari, a i quali $i troua rimedio ogni uolta, che $i con
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11397 $idera l'effetto del lume, &amp; il cadimento, &amp; doue uegna, perche &egrave; chiaro, che doue non puo ca
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11398 dere il lume, egli non $i puo hauere. Le gro$$ezze de i parcti $pe$$o l'impedi$cono, per&ograve; alcuni
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11399 hanno tagliato il muro doue hanno a $tare le fine$tre, cominciando dalla $uperficie di fuori, &amp;
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11400 &uuml;enendo per la gro$$ezza del muro alla $uperficie di dentro con un taglio pendente: &amp; for$e Vitr-
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11401 non &egrave; lontano da que$ta opinione. La doue adunque per dritta linea $i puo tirare un filo allo $co-
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11402 perto, $enza dubbio $i puo hauere il lume: &amp; quando que$to da i lati de i pareti non $i po$$a fa-
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11403 re, bi$ogna aprir di $opra. Auuertiamo adunque in que$ta materia a i precetti di Vitr. eleg-
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11404 gendo prima il luogo $ano, perche la doue $i uuol far conto con l'inferno, non $olamente l'en
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11405 trata, ma la uita &egrave; dubbio$a, anzila morte &egrave; piu certa, che'l guadagno: dapoi con buon con$iglio
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11406 douemo far le fabriche tanto grandi, quanto ricerca la po$$e$$iione, l'entrata, &amp; la copia de i
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11407 frutti. Quanto alla po$$e$$ione e$$er deue il modo, &amp; la mi$ura, che &egrave; ottima in tutte le co$e, &amp;
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11408 $i deue $eruar quel precetto che dice, il campo douer e$$er piu debile, che l'Agricoltore: perche
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11409 $e bi$ogna $o$tenerlo, &amp; curarlo, quando l'Agricoltore non puo tanto, &egrave; nece$$ario, che' l cam-
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11410 po pati$ca, &amp; per&ograve; men rende $pe$$o una gran po$$e$$ione poco, che una picciola molto coltiuata.
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11411 Si che douemo tanto tenere, quanto potemo mantenere, accioche compramo i campi per goderli
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11412 noi, &amp; non per torgli ad altri, o per aggrauarci troppo, perche niente gioua il uoler po$$edere,
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11413 &amp; non poter lauorare. Quanto alle fabriche $imilmente douemo $chiuare di non incorrere nel
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11414 uitio di Lucullo, &amp; di Sceuola, de quali uno edific&ograve; in uilla molto piu riccamente di quello, che
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11415 richedeuano le po$$e$$ioni. L'altro manc&ograve; de gran longa. All' uno di troppo $pe$a, all' alltro di
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11416 non poco danno fu cagione. Que$to errore comincia a moltiplicare a i d&igrave; no$tri per la $uperbia
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11417 de gli huomini. Le fabriche che non $ono ba$tanti, fanno, che i frutti $igua$tino per la $tret-
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11418 tezza del luogo. Deue$i adunque fabricare in modo, che n&egrave; la fabrica de$ideri il fondo, non il
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11419 fondo ricerchi la fabrica. Il $e$to capo di Columella, &egrave; al propo$ito di que$to capo: il torchio,
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11420 l'ara c'in$egna Catone &amp; Palladio.</I>
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11421 <foot><I>RR</I></foot>
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11422 <pb n="300">
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11423 <HEAD><I>Delle di$po$itioni de gli edificij, &amp; delle parti loro $econ-
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11424 do i Greci, &amp; de i nomi differenti, &amp; molto da i co-
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diff changeset
11425 $tumi d'Italia lontani. Cap. X.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
11426 <p>Perche i Greci non u$ano gli Atrij nelle entrate, per&ograve; a no$tro modo non $on
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diff changeset
11427 $oliti di fabricare, ma entrando dalla porta fanno gli anditi non molto larghi,
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diff changeset
11428 &amp; dall' una parte le $talle de i caualli, &amp; dall' altra le $tanze de i portinari, &amp;
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diff changeset
11429 $abito $on finite l'entrate interiori: &amp; que$to luogo tra due porte &egrave; detto,
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diff changeset
11430 Thirorio, cio&egrave; Portorio, o Portale: dapoi &egrave; lo ingre$$o nel Peri$tilio, ilquale ha il por-
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diff changeset
11431 tico da tre parti, &amp; in quella parte, che riguarda al Meriggie, hanno due pila$trate, o an-
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diff changeset
11432 te tra $e per molto $pacio di$co$te, $opra lequali s'impongono le traui; &amp; quanta di$tanza
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diff changeset
11433 &egrave; tra le dette ante, tanto di quella toltane uia la terza parte, $i d&agrave; allo $pacio interiore.
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diff changeset
11434 Que$to luogo da alcuni pro$t&agrave;s, da altri para$tas &egrave; nominato. In que luoghi di dentro $i
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diff changeset
11435 fanno le $tanze grandi, nelle quali le madri di famiglia con i lanifici $iedono. In quelli
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diff changeset
11436 anditi dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra ui $ono i cubiculi, de i quali uno &egrave; detto Thalamo, l'al-
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diff changeset
11437 tro Antithalamo: ma d'intorno a i portichi $ono i triclini ordinari, &amp; i cubiculi anchora,
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diff changeset
11438 &amp; le $tanze per la famiglia, &amp; que$ta parte &egrave; detta Gineconiti, cio&egrave; Stanza delle donne.
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diff changeset
11439 A que$te $i congiugnono le ca$e piu ampie, che hanno i Peri$ti<*> i, &ograve; colonnati piu ampi,
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11440 ne i quali $on quattro portichi di pari altezza, ouero quello, che riguarda al meriggie, &egrave;
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11441 fatto di piu alte colonne, &amp; quel colonnato d'intorno, che ha le colonne, &amp; il portico
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11442 piu alto $i chiama Rhodiaco. Quelle ca$e hanno i ue$tibuli magnifichi, &amp; le porte pro-
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diff changeset
11443 pie con grandezza, &amp; i portichi de i peri$tili ornati$simamente $offittati, intonicati, &amp; la-
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diff changeset
11444 uorati di $tucchi; &amp; ne i portichi, che riguardano al $ettentrione hanno i Triclini, i Cizi-
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diff changeset
11445 ceni, le cancellarie, ma uer$o il Leuante hanno le Librerie, uer$o Ponente le E$$edre, &amp; uer-
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11446 $o il mezo d&igrave; le Sale co$i grandi, che facilmente po$ti in quelli, &amp; acconci, quattro Triclini,
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11447 il luogo &egrave; $pacio$o ancho per uedere far le fe$te, &amp; per lo $eruitio, &amp; ammini$tratione. In
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diff changeset
11448 que$te Sale $i $anno i conuiti de gli huomini. Perche $econdo i co$tumi de Greci le matro-
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11449 ne non $edeuano a men$a. Que$ti Peri$tili, &ograve; Colonnati $i chiamauano Andronitide. Perche
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diff changeset
11450 in quelli $tauano gli huomini $enza e$$er di$turbati dalle donne. Oltra di que$to dalla de-
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diff changeset
11451 $tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra erano alcune ca$ette, che haueuano porte propie, Triclini, &amp; cubi-
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11452 biculi commodi, accioche i fore$tieri non ne i Peri$tili, ma in quelle fore$terie allog-
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11453 gia$$ero. Perche e$$endo $tati i Greci piu dilicati, &amp; de i beni di Fortuna piu accommo-
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11454 dati, a fore$tieri, che ueniuano apparechiauano i Triclini, i Cubiculi, &amp; le $aluarobbe &amp;
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11455 di$pen$e, &amp; il primo giorno gli inuitauano a cena; Il $econdo gli mandauano pollame,
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11456 uuoua, herbe, poma, &amp; altre co$e di uilla, &amp; per&ograve; i Pittori imitando con le Pitture le co-
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11457 $e mandate a gli ho$piti chiamauano quelle Xenia. Co$i non pareua, che i padri di fami-
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11458 glia nell' albergo fu$$ero fore$tieri, hauendo in tali alloggiamenti una libert&agrave; $ecreta. Tra
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11459 que$ti Peri$tili, &amp; alberghi erano gli anditi detti, me$aule, perche erano di mezo tra due
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11460 aule, ma i no$tri chiamano quelle Androne. Ma que$to &egrave; mirabile, perche que$to n&egrave; a
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11461 Greci, n&egrave; a no$tri puo conuenire: perche i Greci chiamano Androne le $tanze, doue man-
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11462 giano gli huomini: perche iui non $tanno le donne. Et co$i anchora $ono altre co$e $i-
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11463 miglianti, come il Xi$to, il Prothiro, i Telamoni, &amp; altre parti di que$ta maniera. Xi-
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parents:
diff changeset
11464 fto $econdo Greci, &egrave; un portico di ampia larghezza, doue il uerno s'effercitauano gli A-
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11465 thleti. Ma i no$tri chiamano Xi$ti i luoghi $coperti da caminare, che i Greci chiamano
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parents:
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11466 Peridromide. Appre$$o Greci Prothiri $ono i ue$tibuli inanzi le porte, ma noi chiamamo
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11467 Prothiri quelli, che i Greci chiamano Diathiri. Anchora $e alcune figure uirili $o$ten-
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11468 <pb n="301">
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parents:
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11469 tano i mutuli, o le corone, i no$tri chiamano Telamoni, ma perche co$i le chiamino,
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parents:
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11470 egli non $i troua $critto nelle hi$torie: i Greci le chiamano Atlanti, perche nella hi$toria
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11471 Atlante &egrave; formato a $o$tenere il mondo: perche co$tui primo fa, che con prontezza d'a-
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parents:
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11472 nimo hebbe cura di la$ciare a gli huomini il cor$o del Sole, &amp; della Luna, i na$cimenti,
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parents:
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11473 &amp; gli occa$i di tutte le $telle, &amp; le ragioni del girar del mondo, &amp; per que$to da Pittori,
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parents:
diff changeset
11474 &amp; $tatuari &egrave; formato per quello beneficio $o$tenere il mondo, &amp; le $ue figliuole A tlanti-
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parents:
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11475 de, che noi chiamiamo Virgilie, &amp; i Greci Pleiade con le $telle nel Cielo lono con$ecra-
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parents:
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11476 te. N&egrave; io ho propo$te tali co$e, perche $i muti la u$anza de i uocaboli, &amp; del parlare; ma
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parents:
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11477 perche non $iano a$co$e, a chi ne uuole $aper la ragione. Io ho e$po$to con che ragione $i
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parents:
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11478 fanno le fabriche d'Italia, &amp; di Grecia; &amp; ho $critto delle mi$ure, &amp; delle proportioni di
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parents:
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11479 cia$cuna maniera. Adunque perche della Bellezza, &amp; del Dccoro, &egrave; $tato $critto di $opra,
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parents:
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11480 hora $i dir&agrave; della fermezza, in che modo po$$a durare $enza difetto alla uecchiaia.
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parents:
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11481 <p><I>Pareua a Vitr, che l'huomo faclimente $i potc$$e ingannare leggendo, o udendo i nomi Greci,
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11482 &amp; i nomi Latini delle parti delle fabriche: perche tra quelli ui &egrave; non poca differenza: per&ograve; per ri-
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parents:
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11483 mediare a que$to di$ordine, egli ha uoluto in que$to luogo ragionare delle parti de gli edifici de i
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11484 Greci, &amp; e$ponere i loro uocaboli molto differenti dalle u$anze Italiane. Et per&ograve; dice, che i Greci
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11485 non u$ano gli Atrij. Credo io perche non haueuano quella occa$ione, che haueuano R omani del-
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parents:
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11486 la grandezza: Benche ancho quelli non erano $enza, perche faceuano le $tanze delle donne belle,
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11487 &amp; $eparate da quelle de gli huomini. Non u$ando adunque gli Atrij, che appre$$o Rom. erano ap
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parents:
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11488 pre$$o le porte: Subito che egli s'entraua in ca$a era una entrata coperta non molto larga, che
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parents:
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11489 da una parte haueua i luoghi de i caualli, &amp; dall'altra le $tanze de portinari, &amp; in fronte u'era
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parents:
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11490 un altra porta, &amp; quel luogo che era tra una porta, &amp; l'altra $i chiamaua Thirorio, co$i detto
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parents:
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11491 qua$i $pacio trale porte, &amp; que$to era in luogo di Atrio, o di Ve$tibulo: per la porta di dentro
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parents:
diff changeset
11492 entrauano in un bel Peri$tilio, o colonnato, ilquale haueua le colonne da tre lati, cio&egrave; dal lato del-
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diff changeset
11493 la porta, &amp; dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra, ma nella fronte a dirimpetto della porta, che guar-
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diff changeset
11494 daua al meriggie era una apritura ampli$$ima, $opra gli anguli della quale erano drizzate due
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diff changeset
11495 gran pila$trate, che $o$tentauano un traue maestro: $otto que$ta apritura, era uno $pacio co-
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11496 perto lungo un terzo meno dell'apritura, ma nel parcte oppo$to, &amp; da i lati erano le porte delle $a-
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11497 le grandi, doue $tauano le matrone a lauorare, &amp; dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra di que$te apri-
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diff changeset
11498 ture eran po$ti i cubiculi, cio&egrave; camere, &amp; anticamere, o camini, che $i chiamino al modo no-
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diff changeset
11499 $tro, ma d'intorno i portichi era quello, che dice Vit. chiaramente, i cubiculi, i tinelli, le $tan-
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diff changeset
11500 ze de famigliari. Et que$ta parte &egrave; quella, che appartiene alle donne. il re$to &egrave; de i comparti-
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parents:
diff changeset
11501 menti delle $tanze de gli huomini: il che &egrave; ancho manife$to in Vit. Seguita poi a dichiarire le dif-
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parents:
diff changeset
11502 ferenze d'alcuni uocaboli u$ati da Greci, &amp; pre$i in altra $ignificatione da Latini, &amp; dona la
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parents:
diff changeset
11503 $ua parte all'u$o, appre$$o il quale &egrave; la forza, &amp; la norma del parlare: n&egrave; conuiene ad huomo
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parents:
diff changeset
11504 $aldo contender de nomi la, doue s'intende la co$a. Noi ne no$tri commentari Latini piu ampia
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diff changeset
11505 mente ragionamo di que$ti nomi, conuenienti a Latini: perche hora ci puo ba$tare hauerli nel tra-
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diff changeset
11506 $cor$o della interpretatione accennati. Re$ta qui, che io dica alcuna co$a del modo, che u$auano
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parents:
diff changeset
11507 gli antiehi per i$caldar$i. Io ho hauuto in que$ta materia due co$e, prima l'Architetto, che fece
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parents:
diff changeset
11508 il Palazzo d'Vrbino la$cia $critto, che la ragione, perche non hauemo gli e$$empi de i camini de
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parents:
diff changeset
11509 gli antichi, &egrave; perche i camini $tauano nella $uprema parte della ca$a, la qual era la prima a ro-
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parents:
diff changeset
11510 uinare, per&ograve; non $i ha ue$tigio de camini, $e non in pochi luoghi a pena cono$ciuti: poi, ne d&agrave;
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diff changeset
11511 la forma doue $i trouano. Ne &egrave; uno appre$$o Perugia $opra il pianello in uno antico edificio,
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parents:
diff changeset
11512 che haueua certi mezi circoli, $opra i quali $i $edeua, &amp; nel mezo una bocca tonda d'onde u$ciua
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diff changeset
11513 il fumo, era in uolto circondato da muri, largo $ei piedi, lungo otto come la figura, A. l'ultimo
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parents:
diff changeset
11514 &egrave; a Baie appre$$o la pi$cina di Nerone, che era in quadro di larghezza di piedi 19. per ogni faccia,
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parents:
diff changeset
11515 nel cui mezo erano quattro colonne con lo Architraue, $opra il quale erano le uolte d'altezza di
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parents:
diff changeset
11516 piedi. Io. ornate di belle figure di $tucco, nel mezo era come una cuppoletta piramidale con un</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
11517 <foot><I>RR</I> 2</foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
11518 <pb n="302">
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parents:
diff changeset
11519 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
11520 <I>buco in cima, di doue u$ciua il fu
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parents:
diff changeset
11521 mo. Similmente non molto lon-
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parents:
diff changeset
11522 tano da Ciuita uecchia ne &egrave; uno
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parents:
diff changeset
11523 qua$i della i$te$$a grandezza, che
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parents:
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11524 da gli anguli u$ciuano quatro
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parents:
diff changeset
11525 unodioni, $opra i quali $i po$a-
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parents:
diff changeset
11526 uano quattro Architraui, $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
11527 pra i quali era la Piramide del
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parents:
diff changeset
11528 camino, d'onde u$ciua il fumo,
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parents:
diff changeset
11529 &amp; nel parete per ogni faccia
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parents:
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11530 eran due picciole fine$tre, con un
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parents:
diff changeset
11531 hemiciclo in mezo doue poteua
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parents:
diff changeset
11532 $tare qualche figura: erano que-
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parents:
diff changeset
11533 gli hemicicli alti dal pauimento
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parents:
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11534 piedi quattro.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
11535 <p><I>L'altra co$a &egrave;, chi mi pare
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parents:
diff changeset
11536 ancho, che $ia $tato ritrouato
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parents:
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11537 un'altro modo, con il quale gli
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parents:
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11538 antichiri$caldauano le loro $tan
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parents:
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11539 ze, &amp; &egrave; que$to. Faceuano nel-
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parents:
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11540 la gro$$ezza del muro alcune
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parents:
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11541 canne, o trombe, per le quali il
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parents:
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11542 calore del foco, che era $otto
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parents:
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11543 quelle $tanze $aliua, &amp; u$ciua
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parents:
diff changeset
11544 fuori per certi $piragli, o bocche
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parents:
diff changeset
11545 fatte nelle $ommit&agrave; di quelle can
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parents:
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11546 ne, &amp; quelle bocche $i poteua-
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parents:
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11547 no otturare, accioche $i pote$$e
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parents:
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11548 piu, &amp; meno $caldare le $tanze,
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parents:
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11549 &amp; darle piu, &amp; meno del uapo-
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parents:
diff changeset
11550 re. con que$ta ragione uogliono
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parents:
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11551 alcuni, che $i po$$a dalle parti
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parents:
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11552 inferiori delle ca$e raccogliere il
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parents:
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11553 uento, &amp; farlo $alire da luoghi
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parents:
diff changeset
11554 $otterranei per le canne alle habi
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parents:
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11555 tationi della $tate: &amp; nelle no-
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parents:
diff changeset
11556 $tre parti $i trouano alcune fa-
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parents:
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11557 briche appre$$omonti, da i qua-
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parents:
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11558 li per luoghi rinchiu$i uenendo
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parents:
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11559 gli $piriti de i uenti, &amp; aprendo-
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parents:
diff changeset
11560 $ipiu, &amp; meno alcune portelle,
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parents:
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11561 egli $i fa le $tanze fre$ce di modo,
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parents:
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11562 che la $tate ci $i fa un fre$co mira
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parents:
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11563 bile. Ma io non con$iglierei un
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parents:
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11564 mio amico, che e$$endo caldo
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parents:
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11565 egli entra$$e in l&uuml;oghi $imili.
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parents:
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11566 Mi pare hauer letto, che gli
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parents:
diff changeset
11567 antichi $pende$$ero a$$ai in cer-
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parents:
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11568 te conche di metallo lauorate,
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parents:
diff changeset
11569 nelle quali $i faceuano portare</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
11570 <pb n="303">
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casties
parents:
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11571 <I>il foco uolend&ograve;$i $caldare: &amp; io non dubito, che non ui accende$$ere delle co$e odorate, &amp; che
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casties
parents:
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11572 non u$a$$ero de carboni, che non nuoce$$ero. A no$tri giorni &egrave; manife$to quello $i u$a, &amp; come
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parents:
diff changeset
11573 nella gro$$ezza de i muri $i fanno i camini, i quali u$cendo con le lor canne fuori del tet-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
11574 to portano il fumo nello $patio dall'aere. doue egli $i deue auuertire, che'l fumo po$$a $eu-
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parents:
diff changeset
11575 za impedimento de i contrari uenti u$cir fuori liberamsnte, &amp; non tornare a dietro al-
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casties
parents:
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11576 l'ingiu, perche le $tanze $i empirebbeno di fumo, delche niuna co$a &egrave; piu nociua a gli oc-
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parents:
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11577 chi: doue &egrave; andato in prouerbio. Il fumo, &amp; la mala donna caccia l'huo no di ca$a. Io mi e$ten
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casties
parents:
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11578 derei in di$criuere particolarmente molte co$e, le mi$ure, &amp; i modi delle quali non $ono po$ti da
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casties
parents:
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11579 Vitr. ma $apendo che presto uenir&agrave; in luce un libro delle ca$e priuate, compo$io, &amp; d $egnato
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casties
parents:
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11580 dal Palladio, &amp; hauendo ueduto, che in quello non $i puo de$iderare alcuna co$a, non ho uolu-
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11581 to pigliare la fatica d'altri per mia. Vero &egrave;, che $tampato il $uo libro, &amp; douendo io ri$tampare
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11582 di nuouo il Vitruuio, mi sforzer&ograve; raccogliere breuemente i precetti di quello, accioche piu util-
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11583 mente po$ti nel mio Libro, l'huomo non habbia fatica di cercarli altroue, &amp; $appia da cui io gli
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11584 hauer&ograve; pigliati. Lui $i ueder &agrave; una pratica mirabile del fabricare, gli $paragni, &amp; gli auantag-
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11585 gi, &amp; $i comincier&agrave; dal principio de i fondamenti in$ino al tetto, quanti, &amp; quali deono e$$ere i
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11586 pezzi delle pietre, che uanno in opera, s&igrave; nelle Ba$e, come ne i Capitelli, &amp; altri membri, che
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11587 ui uanno $opra: ci $aranno le mi$ure delle fine$tre, i di$egni de i camini, i modi di adornar le ca$e
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11588 di dentro, i legamenti de i legnami, i compartimenti delle $cale d'ogni maniera, il cauamento de
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11589 i pozzi, &amp; delle chiauiche, &amp; d'altri luoghi per le immonditie, le commodit&agrave;, che uogliono
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11590 hauer le ca$e, le qualit&agrave; di tutte le parti, come $ono Cantine, Magazini, Di$p<02>n$e, Cucine, &amp; fi
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11591 nalmente tutto quello, che alla fabrica de priuati edifici puo appartenere, con le piante, gli inpi&egrave;,
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11592 profili di tutte le ca$e, &amp; palazzi, che egli ha ordinati a diuer$i nobili, con l'aggiunta di alcu-
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11593 ni belli edifici antichi ottimamente di$egnati. Per il che io stimo, che a poco a poco l'Architet-
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11594 tura aggrandita, &amp; abbellita $i la$cier&agrave; uedere nell'antica forma, &amp; bellezza $ua, doue inna-
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11595 morati gli-huomini della uenu$t&agrave; $ua, pen$eranno molto bene prima, che comincino a fabricare,
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11596 &amp; quello, che par loro bello, non cono$cendo piu oltre, col tempo gli uenir&agrave; in odio, &amp; cono-
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11597 $cendo gli errori pa$$ati, bia$imeranno il non uoler hauer creduto a chi gli diceua il uero. Et $e
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11598 io po$$o pregare, prego, &amp; riprego $pecialmente quelli della patria mia, che $i ricordino, che non
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11599 mancando loro le ricchezze, &amp; il poter fare co$e honorate, uoglino ancho prouedere, che non
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11600 $i de$ideri in e$$i l'ingegno, &amp; il $apere. il che faranno, quando $i per$uaderanno di non $apere
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11601 quello, che ueramente non $anno, n&egrave; po$$ono $apere $enza pratica, &amp; fatica, &amp; $cienza. Et $e
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11602 gli pare che l'u$anza delle loro fabriche gli debbia e$$er mae$tra, s'ingannano grandemente, per-
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11603 che in fatti, &egrave; troppo uitio$a, &amp; mala li$anza: &amp; $e pure uogliono conceder all'u$o alcuna co-
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11604 $a, il che anch'io concedo, di gratia $iano contenti di la$ciar moderare quell'u$o, da chi $e ne in-
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11605 tende, perche molto bene con pratica, &amp; ragione $i pu&ograve; acconciare una co$a, e temperarla in
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11606 modo, che leuatole il male, ella $i riduca ad una forma ragioneuole, e tolerabile, con auantag-
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11607 gio dell'u$o, della commodit&agrave; &amp; della bellezza: &amp; $e una co$a bislonga &egrave; capace di dugento per-
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11608 $one $garbatamente, uoglino la$ciar, che $otto miglior figura $i faccia lo i$te$$o effetto: &amp; $e uo-
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11609 gliono un determinato numero di fine$tre in una $tanza, $iano contenti di la$ciarle porre al $uo luo
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11610 go, con gli ordini dell'arte, perche importa molto alla bellezza, &amp; non uiene impedito l'u$o di
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11611 quelle. Et $e io potro porle lontane da gli angoli, non $ar&agrave; egli meglio, che porle $opra gli angoli,
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11612 &amp; indebolire la ca$a? Deue il padre di famig lia, cono$cendo quello gli fa bi$ogno, dire io uoglio
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11613 tante $tanze, e tante habitationi, que$te per me, &amp; per la moglie, quelle per li figliuoli, que$te
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11614 altre per li $erui, quell'altre per la commodit&agrave;: &amp; poi la$ciar allo Architetto, che egli l&egrave; compar-
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11615 ti$ca, &amp; ponga al luogo $uo, $econdo l'ordine, di$po$itione, &amp; mi$ura, che $i conuiene: $ar anno le
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11616 i$te$$e, $econdo il uoler del padrone, ma di$po$te ordinatamente $econdo i precetti dell'arte, &amp;
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11617 quando egli $i ueder&agrave;, che rie$cino, uenir&agrave; una certa concorrenza tra gli huomini di far bene,
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11618 con bia$mo delle loro male, &amp; inuecchiate u$anze, &amp; cono$ceranno, che non $i na$ce Architet-</I>
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11619 <pb n="304">
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11620 <I>to, ma, che bi$ogna imparare, &amp; cono$cere, &amp; regger$i con ragione, dalla quale chiunque fi-
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11621 dando$i dello ingegno $uo, $i parte, non cono$ce mai il bello delle co$e, anzi $tima il brutto bello,
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11622 <*> cattiuo buono, &amp; il mal fatto ordinato, &amp; regolato. Voglio ancho e$ortare gli Architetti,
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11623 &amp; Proti, che non uoglino applaudere, &amp; a$$entire a padroni; Anzi, che gli dichino il uero,
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11624 &amp; gli con$iglio bene, &amp; amoreuolmente, &amp; che pen$ino bene prima, che gli facciano $pcndere i
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11625 dinari, come altroue s'&egrave; detto, perche co$i facendo, ueramente meriteranno laude, &amp; nome
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11626 conueniente alla loro pro$e$$ione.</I>
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11627 <HEAD><I>Della fermezza &amp; delle fondamenta delle fabri-
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11628 che. Cap. XI.</I></HEAD>
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11629 <p>LE fabriche, che $ono a pi&egrave; piano, $e $aranno fatte al modo e$po$to da noi ne
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11630 gli antedetti libri, quando ragionato hauemo delle mura della citt&agrave;, &amp; del
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11631 Theatro, $enza dubbio dureranno eternamente: ma $e uorremo $otterra, &amp;
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11632 in uolti fabricare, douemo fare le fondamenta di quelle fabriche piu gro$$e
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11633 di quello, che &egrave; $opra terra, &amp; i pareti di quelli edificij, che ui $tan $opra, i pila$tri, &amp; le
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11634 colonne $iano collocate al mezo a piombo di quelle di $otto, perche ripo$ino $ul uiuo, &amp;
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11635 ri$pondino al $odo; perche $ei carichi de i pareti, &amp; delle colonne $aranno po$ti in pen-
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11636 dente, non potranno hauer continua fermezza.
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11637 <p><I>Egli $i troua tra le ruine de gli antichi edificij molti luoghi $otterranei fatti a uolti con mara-
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11638 uiglio$o lauoro, &amp; di ine$timabile grandezza, pero $i puo de$iderare di $apere il modo di fonda
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11639 re que luoghi, &amp; di uoltarli, &amp; di farli in modo, che $o$tentino i carichi grandi delle fabriche
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11640 grandi, che gli $tanno $opra. Pero Vitr. accioche anche in que$ta parte noi non de$ideriamo al-
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11641 cuna co$a, tratta delle fondationi delle fabriche. &amp; perche ha trattato nel primo, &amp; nel ter-
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11642 zo, &amp; nel quinto libro del fondare in que luoghi, doue le fabriche uanno a pi&egrave; piano, egli $i pa$-
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11643 $a leggiermente in que$to luogo la ragione di que fon<*>amenti, riport&atilde;do$i a gli allegati luoghi.
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11644 Hora piu copio$amente egli c'in$egna il modo di fondare per le fabriche $otterra, &amp; ci d&agrave; molti
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11645 precetti. l'uno &egrave; che le fondamenta di que$ti edifici e$$er deono piu gro$$e di quel, che $ono le fabri
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11646 che di $opra; l'altro che non douemo $opraporre n&egrave; pila$tro, n&egrave; colonna, che non cada a piombo
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11647 $opra muri, pila$tri, o colonne di $otto, s&igrave; perche egli &egrave; errore a non fare, che le co$e di $opra na$
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11648 chino dal di$otto, s&igrave; perche porta pericolo di pre$ta ruina, quando un muro di $opra attrauer$a una
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11649 $tanza, &amp; non habbia il piede di $otto, che na$ca dal piano. Di que$ti errori &amp; danni molti ne
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11650 $ono nella citt&agrave; no$tra, nella quale a me pare che gli huomini per hora deono piu pre$to e$$er au-
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11651 uertiti, che non incorrino ne gli errori, che ammae$trati, che facciano belli, &amp; ragioneuoli edi
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11652 fici: benche e$$er non puo, che non fabrichino $enza errore, quando non fabricheranno c&omacr; ragio
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11653 ne. ma $eguitiamo gli altri precetti di Vitr. il qual dice, che $e uorremo a<02>icurarci, la doue $ono
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11654 $ogli, limitari, &amp; che da i lati habbiano erte, pila$tri, &amp; $imil co$e, bi$ogner&agrave;, che ui $ottome
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11655 tiamo alcuni rila$ci, $opra iquali da i capi $i po$ano i limitari, et lo $pacio di $otto i limitari &egrave; uoto,
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11656 &amp; non tocca da alcuna parte, cio&egrave; il limitare non po$a $opra alcuna co$a, perche $i $pezzerebbe,
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11657 &amp; percio dice che abbracciano tutto lo $pacio.</I>
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11658 <p>Oltra di que$to $e tra i $ogliari lungo i pila$tri, e le ante $aranno $ottopo$ti i rila$ci, che
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11659 po$tes detti $ono, non haueranno difetto: perche i limitari, &amp; le traui e$$endo dalle fabri-
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11660 che caricate nel mezo $paccate rompeno $otto le piane le $trutture, o congiunture. Ma
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11661 quando ci $aranno $ottopo$ti, &amp; come cunei $oggetti i rila$ci, non la$cieranno le traui $o-
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11662 pra$edendo a quelli, offenderla. Deue$i anche procurare, che gli archi leuino i pe$i con
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11663 le diui$ioni de i cunei, di legamenti, che ri$pondino al centro, perche quando gli archi $a-
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11664 <pb n="305">
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11665 ranno $errati da i cunei oltra le traui, &amp; i capi de i $opralimitari, prima la materia $olleua-
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11666 ta dal carico non $i aprir&agrave;. Dapoi $e per la uecchiezza faranno alcun danno facilmente
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11667 $enza puntelli $i potr&agrave; mutare. <I>Que$to $i uede in alcuni edifici in Roma, che ne i pareti $ono
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11668 gli archi con i cunei ri$pondenti al centro, &amp; $opra i limitari delle porte, &amp; $opra i $ogli delle fi-
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11669 ne$tre, i quali alleggeri$ceno il pe$o grandemente de i pareti, quando $one ben fatti, &amp; danno
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11670 commodit&agrave; di acconciare, &amp; rimediare a i danni $enza appuntellare, &amp; $enza far armature.</I>
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11671 Similmente quelli edifici, che $i fanno a pila$trate, &amp; con le diui$ioni de i cunei ri$pon-
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11672 dendo le congiunture al centro, $i rinchiudo in arco.
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11673 <p><I>Qui pare che Vitr. tocchi l'opera ru$tica, doue $opra le porte i cunei di gro$$e pietre in arco $i
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11674 $errano, &amp; le bugne, che co$i chiamo le diui$ioni de i cunei, ri$pondeno al centro, &amp; accenna,
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11675 che que$ti lauori $i fanno a pila$trate, cio&egrave; a colonne quadre, &amp; hanno di $opra gli archi, &amp; le
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11676 fornici, &amp; non gli architraui, &amp; ci d&agrave; un precetto degno da e$$er o$$eruato: imperoche dice,
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11677 che le ultime pila$trate $i deono fare di $patio piu larghe, che le mezane, &amp; ne rende la ragio-
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11678 ne. Dice adunque.</I>
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11679 <p>In que$te fabriche fatte a pila$tri, le ultime pila$trate $i deono fare di $patio piu largo,
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11680 accioche habbian forza di re$i$tere quando i pareti oppre$si da i carichi per le congiuntu-
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11681 re, che $i $tringono al centro, $i allargheranno le impo$te, o quelle pietre, che $tanno di
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11682 $opra oltra il cuneo di mezo. Et per&ograve; $e le pila$trate angulari $aranno di grandezza mag-
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11683 giore, contenendo i cunei faranno l'opere piu ferme. Dapoi che in tal co$e $i hauer&agrave;
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11684 auuertito di porui diligenza, allhora niente dimeno $i deue o$$eruare, che tutto il re$to
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11685 della muratura ri$ponda a piombo, n&egrave; pieghi in alcuna parte. Ma grandi$sima deue e$-
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11686 $er la cura delle fabriche, che $i fanno al ba$$o, &amp; nelle fondamenta, percioche in quelle
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11687 l'a$$unanza della terra $uol partorire infiniti difetti, perche la terra non puo e$$er $empre
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11688 dello i$te$$o pe$o, che $uol e$$er nella $tate, ma nel uerno riceuendo dalle pioggie la co-
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11689 pia dell'acqua, cre$ce, &amp; col pe$o, &amp; con la grandezza di$rompe, &amp; $caccia $pe$$o le $epi
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11690 della muratura: per&ograve; accioche $i dia rimedio a que$to mancamento, egli $i ha da fare in
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11691 que$to modo, che prima per la grandezza dell a$$unanza della terra, $i faccia la gro$$ezza
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11692 della muratura, dapoi nelle fronti $iano po$ti i contraforti o $peroni, tanto di$tanti uno
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11693 dell'altro, quanto e$$er deue l'altezza del fondamento; ma $ian della i$te$$a gro$$ezza del
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11694 fondamento; ma dal ba$$o tanto habbiano di piede, quanto e$$er deue gro$$o il fondamen
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11695 to, ma poi a poco a poco inalzando$i $i ra$tremino tanto, che di $opra $iano co$i gro$$e,
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11696 quanto &egrave; gro$$o il muro dell'opera che $i fa. Oltra di que$to dalla parte di dentro uer$o il
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11697 terreno come denti congiunti al muro a gui$a di $ega $ian fatti, di modo, che ogni dente
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11698 tanto $ia di$tante dal muro, quanto e$$er deue l'altezza del fondamento, &amp; le murature di
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11699 que$ti denti $iano della gro$$ezza del muro. Similmente $u le cantonate, quando $i haue-
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11700 ranno tirato dallo angulo di dentro, quanto occupa lo $patio dell'altezza del fondamento,
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11701 $ia $egnato da una parte, &amp; l'altra, &amp; da que$ti $egni $ia fatta una muratura Diagonale,
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11702 &amp; del mezo di quella un'altra $ia congiunta con l'angulo del muro, co$i i denti, &amp; le mu-
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11703 rature Diagonale, che non la$cieranno che il muro calchi di tutta forza, ma partitanno
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11704 ritenendo l'impeto dell'a$$unanza del terreno. <I>Il pre$ente luogo dichiara, quello che nel
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11705 primo libro s'&egrave; detto al quinto capo, &amp; &egrave; facilmente e$pre$$o da Vitr. per&ograve; non ci accade altra fi-
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11706 gura. Ma s'intende anche de gli $peroni, che $i metteno di fuori alle muraglie.</I>
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11707 <p>In che maniera le opere deono e$$er fatte $enza difetto, &amp; come deono e$$er auuertiti
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11708 quelli, che cominciano, io ho e$po$to. Ma del modo di mutare le tegole, gli a$$eri,
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11709 i tigni, non $i deue hauer quel pen$iero, che $i ha delle $opradette co$e; perche ageuol-
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11710 mente $i mutano, &amp; per&ograve; n&egrave; anche $ono $timate co$e $ode. Io ho e$po$to con che ragio-
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11711 ni, &amp; in che modo que$te co$e potranno e$$er ferme, &amp; ordinate. Ma non &egrave; in potere del
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11712 lo Architetto di u$are, che materia li piace, perche non na$ce in tutti i luoghi la copia
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11713 <pb n="306">
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11714 d'ogni materia (come e$po$to hauemo nel pro$simo libro.) Oltra che egli &egrave; in potere
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parents:
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11715 del patrone di edificare, o di quadrelli, o di cementi, o di quadrato $a$$o. L'approuare
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11716 adunque di tutte le opere, &egrave; in tre parti con$iderato, imperoche egli $i proua un'opera,
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11717 o per la $ottigliezza dello arte$ice, o per la magnificenza, o per la di$po$itione. Quan-
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11718 do $i uedr&agrave; l'opera perfetta magnificamente con ogni potere, egli $i lauder&agrave; la $pe$a.
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11719 Ma quando $i ueder&agrave; fatta $ottilmente $i trouer&agrave; la manifattura del fabro: ma quando $a-
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11720 r&agrave; bella, &amp; hauer&agrave; autorit&agrave; per le proportioni, &amp; Simmetrie, il tutto torner&agrave; a gloria del
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11721 lo Architetto: &amp; que$te co$e torneran bene quando l'Architetto &amp; da gli arte$ici, &amp; da
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11722 gli idioti $opporter&agrave; e$$er con$igliato. Percioche tutti gli huomini non $olo gli Architet
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11723 ti po$$ono prouare quel, che &egrave; buono: ma ci &egrave; que$ta differenza tra gli idioti, &amp; gli Archi
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11724 tetti, che lo idiota, $e egli non uede la cofa fatta, non puo $apere quello, che deue riu$ci-
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11725 re, ma lo Architetto, poi che in$ieme hauer&agrave; nell'animo ordinato prima, che egli dia prin
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11726 cipio, ha per certo quello, che e$$er deue, &amp; di bellezza, &amp; di u$o, &amp; di decoro. Io ho
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11727 $critto diligentemente quanto ho potuto chiari$simamente quclle co$e che io ho
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11728 pen$ato e$$er utili a gli edi$icij, &amp; come $i deono fare. Ma nel $eguente uolume io e$po-
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11729 ner&ograve; delle politure di quelli, accioche $iano eleganti, &amp; $enza uitio durino lungamente.
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11730 <p><I>Qui altro non dico, $e non, che con diligente cura $i pen$i a quello che Vitr. ha detto in fine
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11731 del pre$ente libro.</I>
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11732 <HEAD><I>Il fine del Se$to Libro.</I></HEAD>
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11733 <pb n="307">
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11734 <HEAD>IL SET TIMO LIBRO</HEAD>
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11735 <HEAD>DELL'A R CHITETTVRA DI
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11736 M. VITRVVIO.</HEAD>
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11737 <HEAD><I>Proemio.</I></HEAD>
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11738 <p>ET prudentemente, &amp; utilmente deliberarono ino$tri maggiori di la$ciar
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11739 a i po$teri per relatione de Commentari i pen$ieri de gli animi loro, ac-
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11740 cioche non peri$$ero: ma in ogni eta cre$cendo, &amp; in luce mandati con
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11741 i uolumi a poco a poco con la uecchiezza perueni$$ero alla $omma $otti-
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11742 gliezza delle dotrine. Et per&ograve; non di poche, ma d'infinite gratie a quel-
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11743 li tenuti $iamo, che non hanno con inuidia uoluto tacere, ma hanno pro-
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11744 curato con $critti mandar a memoria ogni maniera di $entimento: perche $e co$i fatto
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11745 non haue$$ero; noi non haueremmo potuto $apere, che co$e $tate fu$$ero fatte nella citt&agrave;
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11746 di Troia; n&egrave; quale opinione Thalete, Democrito, Anaxagora, Xenofonte, &amp; gli altri
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diff changeset
11747 Filo$ofi naturali haue$$ero hauuto della natura delle co$e; &amp; qual deliberatione della uita
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11748 haue$$ero a gli huomini la$ciato Socrate, Platone, Ari$totile, Zenone, Epicuro, &amp; gli
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11749 altri Filo$ofanti: ouero qual co$a, &amp; con che ragione Cre$o, Ale$$andro, Dario, &amp; gli
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11750 altri Re fatto haue$$ero, $ei maggiori no$tri, con gli amae$tramenti alla memoria di tutti,
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11751 per la po$terit&agrave; non l'haue$$ero $criuendo inalzate. Et per&ograve; $i come a que$ti $i deue hauer
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11752 gratie, co$i per lo contrario deono e$$er bia$imati coloro, i quali furando gli altrui $crit-
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11753 ti, per $uoi gli uanno publicando, &amp; non $i sforzano con i propi loro pen$amenti di $criue-
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11754 re, ma con inuidio$i co$tumi l'altrui opere uiolando $i uantano, &amp; per&ograve; non $olamente
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11755 $ono degni di ripren$ione, ma (perche hanno menato la lor uita con empi co$tumi) e$$er
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11756 deono ca$tigati. Et per&ograve; que$te co$e e$$ere $tate uendicate curi&omacr;$amente da gli antichi $i
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11757 dice: gli e$iti de i quali ne i giudicij come fu$$ero, non pen$o che $ia fuori di propo$ito e$-
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11758 plicare, come a noi $ono $tati la$ciati. I Re Attalici indotti dalla dolcezza di $apere le
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11759 ragioni delle co$e, hauendo a commun diletto fatto una bella, &amp; egregia libraria nella
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11760 Citt&agrave; di Pergamo, Prolomeo d'ardente zelo di de$iderio incitato a quel tempo con non
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11761 minore indu$tria $i forz&ograve; di farne una in Ale$$andria mede$imamente: &amp; hauendo ci&ograve;
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11762 fatto con $omma dilgenza, non pens&oacute; che que$to fu$$e a$$ai, $e egli non haue$$e cercato di
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11763 accre$cerla con nuoue $emenze, &amp; per&ograve; con$acr&ograve; i giuochi alle Mu$e, &amp; ad Apollo, &amp;
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11764 come de gli Athleti, co$i a i uincitori de i communi $crittori ordin&ograve; premij, &amp; ampi modi
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11765 di e$$er honorati. Poi che que$te co$e furono ordinate, &amp; e$$endo il tempo da fare i giuo-
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11766 chi, $i doueua eleggere i giudici litterati, che quelli doue$$ero approuare.
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11767 <p>Il Re hauendone gia fatto, &amp; eletto $ei, &amp; non potendo co$i pre$to ritrouare il $etimo:
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11768 $i con$igli&ograve; con quelli, che erano $opra$tanti alla libraria, &amp; dimando loro $e haue$$ero
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11769 cono$ciuto alcuno, che fu$$e atto a que$to giudicio.
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11770 <p>Ri$po$ero, che era un certo detto Ari$tofane, ilquale con grande $tudio, &amp; con $omma
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11771 diligenza ogni giorno per ordine compiutamente tutti que libri leggeua. E$$endo adun-
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11772 que nel ridotto de i giuochi partite le $edi $ecretamente di coloro, che haueuano a giu-
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11773 dicare, chiamato Ari$tofane con gli altri, in quel luogo, che gli fu con$egnato $i po$e.
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11774 Introdutto fu prima l'ordine de poeti al contra$to, e recitando$i gli $critti loro tutto il
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11775 populo con cenni addimandaua quello, che que giudici approua$$ero. E$$endo adunque
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11776 dimandate da ogn'uno le oppinioni, $ei concor$ero in una $entenza i$te$$a, &amp; quello, che
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11777 <foot><I>SS</I></foot>
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11778 <pb n="308">
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11779 haueuano auuertito e$$er $ommamente alla moltitudine piaciuto, a quello dauano il pri-
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11780 mo premio, &amp; a quello, che era dapoi, il $econdo.
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11781 <p>Ari$tofane e$$endogli richie$to il $uo parcre, uolle, che prima fu$$e pronunciato quello,
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11782 che men diletto haue$$e dato al popolo. Ma sdegnando$i il Re, in$ieme con gli altri, egli
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11783 $i leu&ograve; in piedi, &amp; pregando impetr&ograve;, che gli fu$$e la$ciato dire. Et co$i fatto $ilentio di-
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11784 mo$tr&ograve; quel $olo tra quelli e$$er poeta, &amp; gli altri recitare le co$e aliene, &amp; che bi$ognaua
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11785 che i giudici approua$$ero gli $critti, &amp; non i furti.
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11786 <p>Merauigliando$i il populo, &amp; dubitando il Re, egli con$idato$i nella memoria tra$$e di
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11787 certi armari infiniti uolumi, &amp; comparandogli con le co$e recitate, isforz&ograve; quelli a confe$-
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11788 $are d'hauerle rubbate, &amp; per&ograve; il Re uolle, che contra que$ti $i procede$$e come di ladro-
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11789 nezzo, &amp; condannati con uergogna gli diede licenza, &amp; adorn&ograve; con grandi$simi doni
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11790 Ari$tofane dandogli il carico $opra la $ua libreria. Ne gli anni $eguenti Zoilo uenne di
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11791 Macedonia in Ale$$andria, dico quello, che hebbe il cognome di Flagellatore di Home-
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parents:
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11792 ro, e recit&ograve; i $uoi uolumi al Re fatti contra la Iliade, &amp; l'Odi$$ea. Perche uedendo Pto-
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11793 lemeo il padre de i Poeti, &amp; la guida della dolcezza del dire e$$er in a$$enza accu$ato, &amp; e$-
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11794 $er da colui uituperato quello, che da tutte le genti era pregiato, sdegnato$i non gli die-
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11795 de alcuna rifpo$ta. Zoilo poi dimorando lungamente nel regno oppre$$o dal bi$o gno
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11796 mand&ograve; $ottomano dimandando al Re, che gli fu$$e dato qualche co$a. Dice$i che il
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11797 Re ri$po$e. Homero il quale &egrave; mancato mille anni auanti pa$cere molti migliaia di per$o-
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11798 ne, &amp; per&ograve; e$$er conueniente, che colui, che faceua profefsione d'e$$er di miglior inge
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11799 gno, pote$$e non $olamente $e $te$$o, ma anchora piu gente nutrire. &amp; in $omma $i narra
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11800 la morte di Zoilo, come di Parricidio condennato. Altri dicono quello da Philadelfo
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11801 e$$er $tato in croce con$iccato, altri lapidato, altri a Smirna uiuo po$to in una pira: Del
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11802 le quai co$e qualunque auuenuta gli $ia, degna certamente a i meriti fuoi &egrave; $tata la pena,
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11803 perche altro non merita colui, che in giudicio chiama quelli, de quali la ri$po$ta non $i
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11804 puo nella lor pre$enza dimo$trare, che opinione habbiano hauuto $criuendo. Maio &ograve;
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11805 Ce$are, n&egrave; mutati gli altrui indici trapo$to il nome mio ti mo$tro que$to corpo, n&egrave; bia-
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11806 $imando gli altrui pen$ieri, per quello uoglio approuare, &amp; lodare me $te$$o, n&egrave; de$ide-
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11807 ro, che $imile opinione $ia hauuta di me, perche niuna co$a ho detto, che da altri io non
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11808 habbia cercato, &amp; inte$o, &amp; $e co$a &egrave;, che dir $i po$$a e$$er mia, la fatica, &amp; lo $tudio cer-
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11809 tamente $i puo dire. Maio rendo infinite gratie a tutti gli $erittori, che con l'acutezze
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11810 de gli ingegni loro con l'et&agrave; conferite, hanno in diuer$e maniere abondanti$sima copia
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11811 di co$e preparato, dalle quali, come da fonti; cauando noi l'acqua, &amp; traducendola al
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11812 propo$ito no$tro, piu feconde, &amp; piu $pedite forze hauendo nello $criuere, &amp; in tali au-
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11813 tori con$idati$i, prendemo ardimento di far co$e nuoue. Et per&ograve; hauendo io da loro tal
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11814 principio, pigliando quelle ragioni, che io ho ueduto e$$er al ca$o mio apparecchiate, ho co
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11815 minciato andar inante, perche prima Agatharco, mentre E$chilo in Athene in$egnaua
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11816 la Tragedia, fece la Scena dipinta, &amp; di quella ne la$ci&ograve; il Commentario. Da que$to
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11817 <*>mmonito Democrito, &amp; Anaxagora $cri$$ero della i$te$$a co$a, in che maniera bi$ogna
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11818 con ragione naturale dal centro po$to in luogo certo corri$ponder all'occhio, &amp; alla drit
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11819 tura de i raggi con le linee, accioche d'una co$a incerta le certe imagini delle fabriche nel
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11820 le pitture delle Scene rende$$ero l'a$petto loro, &amp; quelle, che nelle fronti dritte, &amp; ne i
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11821 piani fu$$ero figurate, $corza$$ero fuggendo, &amp; pare$$ero hauer rilieuo. Dapoi Sileno fece
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11822 un uolume delle mi$ure Doriche. del Tempio Dorico di Giunone, che &egrave; in Samo $cri$$e
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11823 Theodoro. Dello Ionico a Diana con$ecrato in Efe$o, Cte$ifonte, &amp; Metagene. Di
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diff changeset
11824 quello di Minerua in Priene, che &egrave; di lauoro lonico, ne parl&ograve; Phileo. Di quello, che &egrave;
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diff changeset
11825 Dorico in Athene pur di Minerua nella Rocca, lctimo, &amp; Carpione. Theodoro Pho-
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diff changeset
11826 cefe della Cuba, che &egrave; in Delfo. Phileno delle mi$ure de i Sacri Tempij, &amp; dello Arma-
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11827 <pb n="309">
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11828 mento, che era al porto Pireo. Hermogene del Tempio Ionico di Diana, che &egrave; in Ma
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diff changeset
11829 gne$ia P$eudodipteros, &amp; di quello, che &egrave; a Teo di Bacco Monopteros. Argelio del-
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diff changeset
11830 le mi$ure Corinthie, &amp; delle Ioniche ad E$culapio in Tralli, il quale $i dice e$$er di $ua
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diff changeset
11831 mano. Del Mau$oleo Satiro, &amp; Pitheo, a i quali ueramente la felicit&agrave; fece un grandi$-
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diff changeset
11832 $imo dono, perche le arti loro $timate $ono hauer $empre grandi$sime lodi, &amp; fiorite con
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diff changeset
11833 tinuamente, &amp; hanno anchora dato mirabil opcre $econdo le co$e pen$ate da loro, perche
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11834 in cia$cuno lato del Mau$oleo a concorrenza cia$cuno arte$ice $i tol$e di ornare, &amp; pro-
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diff changeset
11835 uare la parte $ua, Leochare, Bria$$e, Scopa, &amp; Praxitele, &amp; altri ui mettono Timotheo,
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diff changeset
11836 la eccellenza grande dell'arte de i quali con$trin$e il nome di quella opera peruenire alla $a
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diff changeset
11837 ma de i $ette miracoli del mondo. Molti ancho men nominati hanno $critto le regole
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diff changeset
11838 delle proportionate mi$ure come Nexare, Theocide, Demofilo, Pollis, Leonida, Sila-
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diff changeset
11839 nio, Melampo, Sarnaco, Eufranore. Similmente delle machine, come Cliade, Archi-
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diff changeset
11840 ta, Archimede, Cte$ibio, Nimfodoro, Philo Bizantino, Diphilo, Charida, Polijdo,
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diff changeset
11841 Phitone, Age$i$trato. De i commentari de i quali quello, che io ho auuertito e$$er uti-
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11842 le a que$te co$e raccolte ho ridutto in un corpo, &amp; que$to $pecialmente, perche io ho ue-
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parents:
diff changeset
11843 duto molti uolumi $opra que$ta co$a da Greci, &amp; pochi da no$tri e$$er dati in luce; perche
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diff changeset
11844 Fu$sitio primo di tal co$e deliber&ograve; di dar in luce un mirabile uolume. Et appre$$o Te-
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diff changeset
11845 rentio Varrone $cri$$e delle nuoue di$cipline, &amp; un libro di Architettura. Publio Set-
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diff changeset
11846 timio ne fece due. Et piu non &egrave; $tato chi habbia dato opera a $imile maniera di $critture,
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diff changeset
11847 e$$endo $tati i cittadini grandi Architetti, i quali hanno potuto $criuere non meno elegan
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diff changeset
11848 temente de i $opradetti, perche in Athene Anti$thene, &amp; Calle$chro, &amp; Antimachide, &amp;
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diff changeset
11849 Dorino Architetti po$ero le fondamenta del Tempio, che faceua far Pi$i$trato di Gioue
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11850 Olimpio: ma dapoi la morte di quello, per lo impedimento delle co$e publiche, lo la$cia
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diff changeset
11851 rono imperfetto, &amp; per&ograve; da dugento anni dapoi Antiocho Re hauendo prome$$o la $pe-
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diff changeset
11852 $a per quell'opera Co$$utio Cittadin Romano con gran prontezza, &amp; $omma cognitione
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diff changeset
11853 nobilmente fece la Cella, &amp; la collocatione delle colonne intorno il Dipteros, &amp; la di-
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diff changeset
11854 $tributione de gli Architraui, &amp; de gli altri ornamenti con proportionata mi$ura.
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11855 <p>Que$ta opera non $olamente tra le uulgari, ma tra le poche &egrave; dalla magnificenza nomi-
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diff changeset
11856 nata, perche in quattro parti $ono le di$po$itioni de i luoghi $acri ornate di marmo delle
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diff changeset
11857 quali que$te con chiari$sima fama nominate $ono; le eccellenze delle quali, &amp; i prudenti
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parents:
diff changeset
11858 apparati de i loro pen$ieri hanno ne i $eggi de i Dei gran merauiglia, &amp; $i fanno guardare.
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diff changeset
11859 Prima il Tempio di Diana in Efe$o alla lonica fu fatto da Cte$ifonte Gno$io, &amp; da Meta
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parents:
diff changeset
11860 gene $uo figliuolo, &amp; poi Demetrio $eruo di Diana, &amp; Dafni Mile$io a Mileto fecero il
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diff changeset
11861 Tempio d'Apollo con le mi$ure Ioniche, Ictimo alla Dorica a Cerere Eleu$ina, &amp; a Pro
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parents:
diff changeset
11862 $erpina fabricarono una cella di $mi$urata grandezza, $enza le colonne di fuori allo $patio
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parents:
diff changeset
11863 dell'u$o de i $acrificij, &amp; quella dominando in Athene Demetrio Falereo, dapoi fu fatta
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parents:
diff changeset
11864 da Philone d'a$petto Pro$tilos, &amp; co$i accre$ciuto il ue$tibulo la$ci&ograve; lo $patio a quelli,
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11865 che con$acrauano, &amp; diede grande autorit&agrave; all'opera. In A$ti $i dice ancho, che Co$$u-
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parents:
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11866 tio $i pigli&ograve; la impre$a di far Gioue Olimpio con ampli$simi moduli, &amp; di mi$ure, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
11867 proportioni Corinthie, come s'&egrave; detto di $opra, del qual niuno commentario &egrave; $tato ri-
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parents:
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11868 trouato. N&egrave; $olamente da Co$$utio tal $orte di $critti $ono da de$iderare, ma ancho da
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parents:
diff changeset
11869 Caio Mutio, il quale confidato$i nella $ua grande $cienza, con legitime ordinationi del-
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parents:
diff changeset
11870 l'arte condu$$e a fine il Tempio dell'honore, &amp; della uirt&ugrave; della cella Mariana, &amp; le pro-
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parents:
diff changeset
11871 portioni delle mi$ure, &amp; de gli Architraui.
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parents:
diff changeset
11872 <p>Quel T<*>empio $e egli fu$$e $tato fatto di marmo, accioche egli haue$$e hauuto come dal-
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parents:
diff changeset
11873 l'arte la $ottigliezza, co$i dalla magnificenza, &amp; dalle $pe$e l'autorit&agrave;, certamente tra le
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parents:
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11874 prime, &amp; grandi opere $arebbe nominato. Ritrouando$i adunque, &amp; de gli antichi no
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parents:
diff changeset
11875 $tri non meno de i Greci e$$ere $tati grandi Architetti, &amp; molti ancho di no$tra <*>emoria
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parents:
diff changeset
11876 <foot><I>SS</I> 2</foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
11877 <pb n="310">
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parents:
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11878 &amp; non hauendo quelli, $e non poco $critto de i precetti dell'Architettura: io non ho pen-
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parents:
diff changeset
11879 $ato di uoler con $ilentio pa$$armi, ma per ordine in cia$cun libro trattar di cia$cuna co$a,
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parents:
diff changeset
11880 &amp; per&ograve; hauendo io nel $e$to con diligenza $critto le ragioni de i priuati edificij: in que$to
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parents:
diff changeset
11881 che &egrave; $ettimo in ordincuoglio trattar de gli ornamenti, &amp; e$primere con che ragione hab-
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parents:
diff changeset
11882 biano, &amp; bellezza &amp; $tabilit&agrave;.
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parents:
diff changeset
11883 <p>N<I>el $ettimo Vitr. ci d&agrave; i precetti delle politure, &amp; de gli adornamenti delle fabriche,
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parents:
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11884 &amp; non $enza ragione ha po$to in que$to luogo la detta materia $eguitando egli l'or-
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parents:
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11885 dine di natura, che prima pone le co$e in e$$ere, &amp; poi le adorna. Hanno adun-
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parents:
diff changeset
11886 que le parti de gli edifici i loro adornamenti, &amp; prima i piani, dapoi i pareti, &amp; fi-
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parents:
diff changeset
11887 nalmente i tetti. A i piani &egrave; nece$$ario il pauimento, &amp; $uolo: a i muri l'intonicature, &amp; i bian-
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parents:
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11888 chimenti, &amp; le pitture: a i tetti &amp; $olari i $offittati, &amp; ancho le pitture. &amp; perche le co$e e$$er
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parents:
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11889 deono non men belle, che durabili, per&ograve; Vitr. abbraccia in que$to libro, &amp; la fermezza, &amp; lo
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11890 adornamento, &amp; adorna anche il pre$ente libro d'un belli$$imo proemio, il qual commenda la
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parents:
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11891 uirt&ugrave; de pa$$ati, accu$a l'arroganza de gli imperiti, &amp; rende gratitudine a i precettori. Il proe-
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11892 mio &egrave; facile, &amp; pieno d'hi$torie, &amp; narrationi, &amp; e$$empi, i quali io non uoglio confirmare con
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11893 altri detti, che con quelli di Vitr. il re$to ancho dellibro &egrave; facile per la maggior parte, per&ograve; ci le
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11894 uer&agrave; la fatica di lunga commentatione. Tratta ne i primi quattro capi de gli adornamenti de i
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11895 pauimenti, &amp; dal quinto fin al $ettimo parla della ragione del dipignere, &amp; del incro$tare de
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11896 marmi, dal $ettimo fin al fine del libro parla de i colorinaturali, &amp; artificiali. Noi ci fermaremo
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11897 doue $ar&agrave; bi$ogno.</I>
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11898 <HEAD><I>Deiterrazzi. Cap. I.</I></HEAD>
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11899 <p>Et prima comincier&ograve; a dire de gli $gro$$amenti de i terrazzi, che $ono i princi-
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11900 pij delle politure, &amp; de gli ornamenti delle fabriche, accioche con maggior
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11901 cura &amp; prouedimento $i guardi alla fermezza. Se adunque egli $i deue sgro$-
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11902 $are, e terrazzare a pi&egrave; piano cerchi$i il $uolo $e gli &egrave; tutto $odo, &amp; poi $ia i-
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11903 $pianato bene, &amp; pareggiato, &amp; $e gli dia il terrazzo con la prima cro$ta. Ma $e tutto
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11904 il luogo, o parte $ar&agrave; di terreno commo$$o, egli bi$ogna con gran cura, e diligenza ra$$o-
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11905 darlo, $i che $ia ben battuto, &amp; palificato. Ma s'egli $i uuole terrazzare $opra i palchi, o
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11906 $olari, bi$ogna bene auuertire $e ci &egrave; qualche parete, che non uenghi in $u, che $ia fatto
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11907 $otto il pauimento, ma piu pre$to rila$ciato habbia $opra $e il tauolato pendente, perche
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11908 u$cendo il parete $odo, $eccando$i le trauature, ouer dando in $e per lo torcer$i, che fan-
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11909 no, $tando per $odezza della fabrica, fa di nece$sit&agrave; dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra lungo di $e
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11910 le fi$$ure ne i pauimenti. Ancho bi$ogna dar opera, che non $iano me$colate le tauole
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11911 di E$culo con quelle di Quercia, perche quelle di Quercia $ubito, che hanno riceuuto
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11912 l'humore torcendo$i fanno le fi$$ure ne i pauimenti. Ma s'egli non $i potr&agrave; hauere de
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11913 gli E$culi, &amp; la nece$sit&agrave; per bi$ogno ci co$trigner&agrave; u$are la Quercia, co$i pare, che bi-
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11914 $ogni operare, che quanto $i puo $i $eghino $ottili; perche quanto meno haueranno di
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11915 forza tanto piu facilmente conficcate con chiodi $i teneranno in$ieme? Dapoi per cia$cun
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11916 traue nelle e$treme parti dell'a$$e $iano confitti due chiodi, accioche torcendo$i dall'una
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11917 parte non po$sino gli anguli $olleuare: perche-del Cerro del Faggio, &amp; del Farno niuno
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11918 puo alla uecchiezza durare. Fatti i tauolati $e egli ci $ar&agrave; del Felice, $e non della paglia $ia
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11919 $otto di$te$a, accioche il legname $ia dife$o da i danni della calce, allhora poi ui $ia me$$o
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11920 il $a$$o pe$to non minore di quello, che puo empir la mano, &amp; indottoui quello $ia sgro$-
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11921 $ato, &amp; i mpo$toui il terrazzo, ilquale $e $ar&agrave; fatto di nuouo in tre parti di e$$o ne $ia una
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11922 <pb n="311">
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11923 di calce, ma $e di uecchio $ar&agrave; rifatto, ri$ponda la me$colanza di cinque a due, dapoi $i-
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11924 dato il terrazzo, &amp; pe$tato con i ba$toni di legno da molti huomini, &amp; beni$simo ra$$os
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11925 dato, &amp; tutta que$ta pa$ta non $ia meno alta, &amp; gro$$a di onze noue, ma poi di $opra ui $i
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11926 metta l'anima di te$tole, cio&egrave; la cro$ta, o coperta piu re$i$tente, <I>detta Nucleus</I>, hauendo
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11927 la me$colanza a tre parti di quella d'una di calce, $i che il pauimento non $ia di minor gro$-
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11928 $ezza di $ei dita. Sopra que$t'anima a $quadra, &amp; a liuello $ia $te$o il pauimento o di ta-
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11929 glietti di pietruccie, o di quadri grandi. Quando quelli $aranno po$ti in$ieme, &amp; la $o-
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11930 perficie eminente u$cir&agrave; fuori, bi$ogna fregarli in modo, che e$$endo il pauimento di pie-
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11931 truccie non ci $iano alcuni rilieui, o gradi $econdo quelle forme, che haueranno i pezzi,
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11932 o tonde come $cudi, o triangolari, o quadrate, o di $ei anguli, come i faui delle api, ma
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11933 $ian po$ti in$ieme d rittamente, &amp; il tutto $ia piano, &amp; agguagliato. Ma$e'l pauimento $a-
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11934 r&agrave; di quadri grandi bi$ogna, che habbian gli anguli eguali, &amp; che niente e$ca fuori della
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11935 $pianatura, perche quando gli anguli non $aranno tutti egualmente piani, quella frega-
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11936 tura non $ar&agrave; compitamente perfetta. Et co$i $e'l pauimento $ar&agrave; fatto a $piche di te$to-
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11937 le, o di Teuertino deue$i fare con diligenza, $i che non habbia canali, o rilieui, ma $ian di-
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11938 $te$i, &amp; a rego la $pianati. Ma poi $opra la fregatura quando $aranno fatte li$cie, o polite,
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11939 ui $ia criuellato il marmo, &amp; di $opra ui $ian indotte le cinte di calce, &amp; di arena.
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11940 Ma ne i pauimenti fatti alla $coperta bi$ogna u$ar diligenza, che $iano utili &amp; buoni, per-
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11941 che le trauature per l'humore cre$cendo, ouero per lo $ecco $cemando, o u$cendo di luo-
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11942 go, col far panza mouendo $i fanno i terrazzi difetto$i. Oltra di que$to i freddi, i ghiac-
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11943 ci, &amp; l'acque non gli la$ciano $tar intieri: &amp; per&ograve; $e la nece$sit&agrave; uorr&agrave;, che $i facciano, ac-
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11944 cio non $iano difetto$i bi$ogna operare in que$to modo. Quando egli $ar&agrave; fatto il tauo-
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11945 lato, bi$ogna $opra farne un'altro attrauer$o, ilquale con chiodi conficcato faccia una ar-
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11946 matura doppia alla trauamenta, dapoi $ia data la terza parte di te$tole pi$te al terrazzo nuo
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11947 uo, &amp; due parti di calce a cinque di e$$o ri$pondino nel mortaio. Fatto il riempimento
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11948 po$to ui $ia il terrazzo, &amp; quello ben pi$to non $ia men gro$$o d'un piede, ma poi indot-
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11949 taui l'anima, (come s'&egrave; detto di $opra) $ia fatto il $uolo, o pauimento di quadro grande, ha-
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11950 uendo in dieci piedi due dita di colmo. que$to pauimento $e $ar&agrave; ben impa$tato, &amp; i$pia-
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11951 nato, $ar&agrave; da tutti i difetti $icuro. ma perche tra le commi$$ure la materia non pati$ca da i
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11952 ghiacci, bi$ogna ogni anno auanti il uerno $atiarlo di feccia d'oglio, perche a que$to mo
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11953 do non la$cier&agrave; riceuere la brina del gelo, che cade. <I>Qui Vitr. parla delli Terrazzi che $i
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11954 fanno allo $coperto $opra le ca$e.</I> Ma $e egli ci parer&agrave; di uoler far que$to con piu diligenza,
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11955 $iano po$te le tegole di due piedi tra $e comme$$e, $opra il terrazzo $ottopo$toui la ma-
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11956 teria, hauendo in ogni lato delle loro commi$$ure i canaletti larghi un dito, lequali poi
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11957 che $aranno congiunte, $iano empite di calce, con oglio battuta, &amp; $iano fregate in$ie-
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11958 me le congiunture, &amp; ben comme$$e, co$i la calce, che $i attacher&aacute; ne i canali, indurando$i,
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11959 non la$cier&agrave;, ne acqua, ne altro trapa$$are tra quelle commi$$ure: dapoi che co$i $ar&agrave; get-
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parents:
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11960 tato que$to terrazzo, egli iui $i deue $opra indure l'anima, &amp; con ba$toni r&atilde;mazzarla bene:
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parents:
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11961 ma di $opra $i deue pauim&emacr;tare o di quadri, o a $piche di te$tole $ec&omacr;do, che &egrave; $opra$critto,
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parents:
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11962 dandoli il colmo. Que$te co$e quando $aranno fatte in que$to modo, non $i gua$teranno.
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11963 <p><I>Il primo luogo tra le politure tengono gli $gro$$amenti, o Terrazzi, che $i chiamino. Que$te
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11964 $ono o a pi&egrave; piano, o in $olaro, &amp; que$te, o coperte, o $coperte. $e $ono a pi&egrave; piano, ouero il ter
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11965 reno &egrave; mo$$o, ouero &egrave; $odo. Di tutte que$te maniere Vitru. ci da i precetti. ilterren $odo deue
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11966 e$$er i$pianato, &amp; liuellato, &amp; poi indurui $opra il terrazzo con la prima co perta. &amp; qui do-
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11967 uemo $apere che gli antichi u$auano molta diligenza nel fare i pauimenti, perche poneuano mol-
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11968 te mani di co$e per fare il $uolo, cio&egrave; molte coperte una $opra l'altra, comiciando dalla piu ba$$a
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11969 cro$ta con materia piu gro$$a, &amp; uenendo alla $uperficie di $opra $empre con materia piu minuta,
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11970 auuertendo ancho molto bene al tempo di fare i pauimenti, come io dir&ograve; dapoi. Per fonda-</I>
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11971 <pb n="312">
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11972 <I>mento adunque porre $i deue (come dice Vitru.) di $otto il $a$$o non piu grande del pugno, oue-
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11973 ro il quadrello; &amp; que$to fondamento Vitru. chiama Statumen; &amp; que$to in$ieme con la mate-
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11974 ria piu gro$$a. Ma$e il terreno $ar&agrave; commo$$o, &egrave; nece$$ario batterlo, &amp; ra$$odarlo molto
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11975 bene, &amp; con pali unirlo, accioche non s'allarghi, &amp; faccia rompere, &amp; crepare il pauimento,
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11976 nel che bi$ogna u$are grandis$ima diligenza, indi poi $pianarlo, &amp; far come di $opra inducendoid
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11977 il primo $gro$$amento. Ma $e ne i palchi $opra le trauature uorremo gettare i pauimenti, bi$e-
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11978 gna $opra le traui porre un'ordine di tauole attrauer$ate, &amp; auuertire che la trauatura, &amp; il
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11979 parete, che $o$tenta quel tauolato, $ia d'una $orte di legname, o di pietra egualmente gagliarda,
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11980 &amp; forte, accioche una parte $o$tenendo il pe$o, &amp; l' altra cedendo, non faccia di$egualtt&agrave; dal
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11981 che ne na$ca, che'l pauimento crepi, come $i uede $pe$$o, che da i capi delle trauat <*>re uicine al
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diff changeset
11982 parete, perche in que luoghi il capo del traue &egrave; forte per e$$er uicino al centro, doue eglis'appog-
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11983 gia, &amp; nel mezo &egrave; debile, perilche la materia del mezo dando luogo $i rila$cia da i capi, &amp; fa le
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diff changeset
11984 crepature ne i pauimenti. Nelle trauature, &amp; tauolati bi$ogna auuertire di non me$colare le-
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parents:
diff changeset
11985 gname di piu $orte, perche in diuer$i legni, &egrave; diuer$a natura, n&egrave; uno &egrave; co$i $aldo, come l'altro, dal
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11986 che ne na$ceno i difetti de i Pauimenti.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
11987 <p><I>Per la i$te$$a ragione $opra la trauatura, o tauolato bi$ogna porui della paglia, o del Felice,
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11988 perche la calce, che entra nel terrazzo non gua$ti il legname, &amp; co$i gettar bi$ogna il primo fon-
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parents:
diff changeset
11989 damento di pielra non meno di quanto cape la mano, &amp; $gro$$are col Terrazzo. V$auano due $or-
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parents:
diff changeset
11990 ti di Terrazzo, il nuouo, che $i fa di pietra allhora pesta, o di te$tole aggiugnendoui una parte di
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parents:
diff changeset
11991 calcina, a due di quelle, &amp; il uecchio rinouato fatto di pauimenti gia ruinati, nella cui me$colan-
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parents:
diff changeset
11992 za ui ua a cinque di Terrazzo due di calcina. Gettato il terrazzo, &egrave; nece$$ario batterlo bene,
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11993 per&ograve; a que$to officio gli antichi eleggeuano un numero di huomini fin a dieci, perche $i poteuano
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11994 accommodare in una $tanza, che uno non impediua l'altro, &amp; $i faceuano tante decurie, cio&egrave; tan-
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11995 ti dieci huomini, quanti era nece$$ario, di modo, che uno commandaua, &amp; $opra$taua a dieci.</I>
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11996 <fig>
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11997 <I>Que$to modo di battere, ra$$odare, &amp; $pianare
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11998 il terrazzo noi chiamamo, Or$are. L'altez-
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11999 za, o gro$$ezza di quella materia co$i pe$ta, &amp;
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diff changeset
12000 battuta e$$er deue non meno di once noue, che
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diff changeset
12001 Vitr. dice Dodrante, &amp; que$to &egrave; il primo $gro$-
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diff changeset
12002 $amento, &amp; la prima cro$ta, o letto del paui-
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parents:
diff changeset
12003 mento. Sopra il quale di piu $ottile, &amp; minuta
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12004 materia $i deue iudurre un altra mano, che co-
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12005 me anima, &amp; $odezza e$$er s'intende, &amp; &egrave; di
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12006 te$tola ben pi$tata, che di due parti, n&egrave; habbia
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12007 una di calce. Sopra que$ta cro$ta s'induce il
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12008 pauimento, o di pietra cotta, o d'altra pietra,
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12009 &amp; que$ta, o $ar&agrave; minuta come mu$aico, o di qua
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12010 dri grandi, $econdo la grandezza, o bellezza,
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12011 che $i de$idera: ben $i de$idera opera, che le pie-
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12012 tre di che forma $iano, o quadretti, o ritondi
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12013 come $cudi, che Vitr. dice Scutulis, o Triangu-
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12014 lari, o di $ei anguli, che Vitr. chiama Faui, per-
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12015 che i Faui, &amp; le ca$elle delle api $ono in $ei an-
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12016 guli, o di che figura $i $ieno, $ian tutte eguali
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12017 in un piano unite, &amp; $i $contrino a punto, che
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12018 una non $ia piu alta dell'altra, che i lati, &amp; gli
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12019 anguli $ieno uniti, ilche $i fa con il fregarli mol
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12020 to bene, &amp; li$ciarli con diligenza. V$auano</I>
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12021 <pb n="313">
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12022 <fig>
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parents:
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12023 <I>gli antichi alcune cro$te fatte di arena, &amp; di
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parents:
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12024 calce, &amp; minute te$tole, nellequali ui andaua
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parents:
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12025 la quarta parte di Teuertino pi$to: u$auano an-
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parents:
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12026 che alcuni quadrelli gro$$i un dito, larghi due,
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parents:
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12027 lunghi altrettanto, che $tauano in taglio, a$$i-
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parents:
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12028 migliando le $piche. que$te polite figure, &amp; lu-
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parents:
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12029 $ire erano $i, che non $i uedeuano le commi$$u-
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parents:
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12030 re, n&egrave; una minima pietra, che u$ci$$e de i termi-
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parents:
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12031 ni: per&ograve; erano mirabilmente piane, &amp; di$te$e,
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parents:
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12032 &amp; $pecialmente uaghe. co$i e$pongono gli altri:
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parents:
diff changeset
12033 ma io dico che uanno altramente. que$ie erano
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parents:
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12034 nel pauimento po$te, accioche l'acqua, &amp; l'hu-
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parents:
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12035 midit&agrave; non pa$$a$$e alla trauatura, erano piane,
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parents:
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12036 &amp; $opra que$te era una mirabil cro$ta di mar-
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parents:
diff changeset
12037 mo pe$to <*> arena, &amp; di calce, che Vitr. chiama Lorica a$$ai ben gro$$a, laquale copriua quel la-
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parents:
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12038 uoro fatto a $piche, come $i uede nelle ruine antiche, &amp; quel lauoro a $piche non &egrave; come pone il
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12039 Filandro, ma come &egrave; per la pro$$ima figura dimo$trato, $econdo l'e$$empio tolto dallo antico, &amp;
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parents:
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12040 erano della grandezza di que$to quadro che contiene la figura, &amp; gro$$e un'oncia: &amp; que$te co$e
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parents:
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12041 $i u$auano al coperto. Ma$otto l'aere ui bi$ognaua altra manifattura, e$$endoui maggior pe-
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parents:
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12042 ricolo per li ghiacci, per la humidit&agrave;, &amp; per l'ardore: per&ograve; bi$ogna fare due mani di tauolati
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parents:
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12043 uno attrauer$o dell'altro, che $iano ben inchiodati in$ieme, dipoi col terrazzo nuouo bi$ogna me-
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parents:
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12044 $colar due parti di te$tola pi$ta, &amp; due parti di calce a cinque ri$pondino nella me$colanza, che $i
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12045 fa col detto terrazzo. Fatto il letto di $otto indur ui bi$ogna la $econda cro$ta alta un piede, $o-
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12046 pra laquale ui ua l'anima, $opra l'anima il pauimento come &egrave; $tato detto, che nel mezo $ia gonfio,
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parents:
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12047 &amp; colmo $i, che in dieci piedi habbia due dita di colmo: ilqual pauimento $ia fatto, di quadri gro$-
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parents:
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12048 $i due dita, con que$ta manifattura noi potemo a$$icurarci dal danno delle pioggie, &amp; de ighiacci.
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12049 Ma per le politure, &amp; $pianamenti egli $i piglia un pezzo di piombo, o di $elice, di molto pe$o
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12050 $pianato, &amp; quello con funi tirato $u, &amp; giu, di qua, &amp; di la $opra il pauimento $pargendoui $em
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parents:
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12051 pre della arena a$pera, &amp; dell'acqua i$piana il tutto: &amp; $e gli anguli, &amp; le linee del $elicato non
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12052 $ono conformi, que$to non $i puo far commodamente: &amp; $e'l pauimento, &egrave; con oglio di lino frega-
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12053 to rende un lu$tro, come $e fu$$e di uetro. Similmente $ar&agrave; buono $pargerui della Amurca, o
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12054 gettarui piu uolte $opra dell'acqua, nellaquale $ia $tata e$tinta la calce: &amp; $e uuoi acconciare un
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12055 terrazzo rotto prendi una parte di tegole pi$te, &amp; due di bolo armeno, &amp; incorpora con ra$a
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12056 pre$$o al fuoco, &amp; $caldato che harai il terrazzo, gettaui $opra que$ta materia, &amp; poi con un
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12057 ferro caldo $tendila gentilmente. Et co$i farai ancho $e col marmo poluerizato me$colerai cal-
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12058 cina bianca cruda in acqua bogliente, &amp; la$ciata $eccare. Fatto que$to tre, o quattro fiate impa-
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12059 $terai con latte, &amp; con quel colore, che ti piacer&agrave; di dare. &amp; $e uole$$i far parere l'opera di mu-
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12060 $aico, poni la detta materia nelle forme, dandoli quel color che ti piace, ma poi dalli l'oglio cal-
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12061 do, ouero impa$ta con colla di cacio il marmo tamigiato, pur che la colla $ia $temprata con chia-
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12062 ra d'uuoua ben battuta, poi ui metti la calce, &amp; impa$ta.</I>
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12063 <HEAD><I>Dimacerar la calce per biancheggiare, &amp; coprirei
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12064 pareti. Cap. II.</I></HEAD>
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12065 <p>Qvando dal pen$iero di far i pauimenti ci $aremo partiti, allhora bi$ogna dichia
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12066 rire il modo di biancheggiare, &amp; polire le opere; &amp; que$to &egrave; per $ucceder be-
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12067 ne, quando molto tempo inanzi il bi$ogno i pezzi di buoni$sima calce, &amp; le
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12068 $cheggie $aranno nell'acqua mollificate, &amp; macerate, accioche $e alcuna $cheg
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12069 <pb n="314">
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12070 gia $ar&agrave; poco cotta nella fornace per la lunga maceratione co$tretta dal liquorea sbogli-
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12071 re, $ia con una egualit&agrave; dige$ta. Perche quando $i piglia la calce non macerata, ma nuous,
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12072 &amp; $re$ca, dapoi che &egrave; data a i pareti hauendo ciotole o pietruccie crude a$co$e manda fuori
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12073 alcune pu$tule, &amp; que$te ciotole quando nell'opera poi $ono rotte egualmente, &amp; mace-
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parents:
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12074 rate di$cioglieno, &amp; disfanno le politezze delle coperte. Ma poi che $i hauer&agrave; ben pro-
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parents:
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12075 ui$to alla maceratione della calce, &amp; ci&ograve; con diligenza $ar&agrave; nell'opera preparato, pigli$i
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12076 una A$cia, {<I>Che noi cazzuola, altri zapetta chiamano</I>,} &amp; $i come $i $piana, &amp; poli$ce il
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parents:
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12077 legname, con la $piana, co$i la calce macerata nella fo$$a $ia a$ciata, &amp; riuoltata con la ca-
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parents:
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12078 zuola, $e le pietruccie $i $entiranno dare in quello $trumento, $egno $ar&agrave; che la calce non
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12079 &egrave; ben temperata, ma quando il ferro $i trarr&agrave; fuori $ecco, &amp; netto, $i mo$trer&agrave; quella ua-
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parents:
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12080 nida, &amp; $itibonda, ma quando $ar&agrave; gra$$a, &amp; ben macerata attaccata come colla a quel fer-
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parents:
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12081 ro, dar&agrave; ottimo inditio di e$$ere ottimamente temperata. Fatte, &amp; preparate que$te co$e
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parents:
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12082 trouati gli $trumenti, et l'armatura, $iano e $pedite le di$po$itioni de i uolti nelle $tanze,
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parents:
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12083 quando $ia, che non uogliamo fare i $offitti.
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parents:
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12084 <p><I>Nel $econdo capo Vitr. c'in$egna a preparare la calce, accioche commodamente la potiamo
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parents:
diff changeset
12085 u$are alle coperte, &amp; biancheggiamenti de i pareti, &amp; co$i e$pediti i pauimenti, &amp; loro bellezze
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parents:
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12086 uiene ad ornar i muri. Io nel $econdo libro ho detto a ba$tanza della calce, &amp; quello, che i<*>i <*>
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parents:
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12087 detto, rende piu facile il pre$ente luogo, che da $e ancho &egrave; piano, per&ograve; e$poneremo il $eguente, che
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parents:
diff changeset
12088 adorna i uolti, &amp; i pareti.</I>
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parents:
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12089 <HEAD><I>Della di$po$itione de i uolti. del modo di coprire, &amp; d'in-
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parents:
diff changeset
12090 cro$tar i muri. Cap. III.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
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12091 <p>Qvando adunque $ar&agrave; bi$ogno fabricar'a uolti, co$i fare $i deue. Siano di$po-
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parents:
diff changeset
12092 $ti gli A$$eri, o trauicelli dritti di$tanti non piu di due piedi l'uno dall'altro, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
12093 que$ti $iano di Cipre$$o, perche quelli di Abete pre$to $ono da i tarli, &amp; dal-
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parents:
diff changeset
12094 la uecchiez za con$umati: quelli A$$eri quando $aranno a torno di$po$ti in for
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parents:
diff changeset
12095 ma ritonda $iano congiunti alle traui, o coperti, &amp; conficcati con chiodi di ferro di$po-
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parents:
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12096 $te per ordine le catene, le quali $iano fatte di quella materia, alla quale n&egrave; tarli, n&egrave; uec-
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parents:
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12097 chiezza, n&egrave; humore po$$a far danno, come il Bo$$o, il Ginepro, l'Oliuo, il Roucre, il
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parents:
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12098 Cipre$$o, &amp; altri $imiglianti, eccetto, che di Quercia. Perche la Quercia torcendo$i nel-
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parents:
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12099 le opere, doue &egrave; po$ta, $i fende. Di$po$ti che $aranno ordinatamente quei trauicelli, a
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parents:
diff changeset
12100 quelli $i deue legare le canne Greche pe$te, come richiede la forma del uolto, con alcune
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parents:
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12101 re$te fatte di Sparto Hi$panico. Similmente $opra la curuatura ui $ia indotta la materia
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parents:
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12102 di calce, &amp; d'arena me$colata, accioche $e qualche gocciola cader&agrave; dal tauolato, o da i
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parents:
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12103 tetti, facilmente $i po$$a $o$tenere. Ma $e non ui $ar&agrave; copia di canne Greche, bi$ogner&agrave;
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parents:
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12104 pigliare delle cannuccie $ottili de paludi, &amp; legarle in$ieme, &amp; di quelle far le mata$$e, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
12105 le re$ti quanto lunghe $i conuiene, ma di continuata gro$$ezza, pure che tra due nodi non
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parents:
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12106 $ia di$tanza de i legamenti piu di due piedi, &amp; que$te mata$$e (come s'&egrave; $critto di $opra)
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parents:
diff changeset
12107 $iano a gli A$$eri, e trauicelli legate, &amp; in e$$e conficcate $iano le Spatelle di legno; &amp;
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parents:
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12108 l'altre co$e tutte $iano e$pedite (come s'&egrave; detto di $opra.) Di$po$te poi le curuature, &amp;
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parents:
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12109 conte$te, $ia il loro cielo $maltato &amp; coperto politamente, &amp; con l'arena $gro$$ato, da-
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parents:
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12110 poi con creta, o marmo polito. Poi che i uolti $aranno politi, $i deono porre le cornici,
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parents:
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12111 lequali $i deono fare quanto piu $i puo $ottili, &amp; leggieri, perche e$$endo grandi per lo
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parents:
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12112 pe$o $i $taccano, n&egrave; $i po$$ono $o$tenere. In que$te per modo alcuno non $i deue me$co-
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parents:
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12113 lare il ge$$o, ma con criuellato marmo deono e$$er ad un modo egualmente tirate, accio-
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12114 che facendo pre$a, la$cino l'opera ad un tempo $eccar$i. Egli $i deue ancho nel far i uol-
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12115 <pb n="315">
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parents:
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12116 ti $chiuare la di$po$itione de gli antichi, perche i piani delle loro cornici, per lo gran pe$o
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parents:
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12117 minacciando erano pericolo$i. Delle cornici altre $ono $chiette, altre ornate. Nei
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parents:
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12118 conclaui doue $ono a$$ai lucerne; ouero il fuoco $tanno meglio le $chiette, accioche piu
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parents:
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12119 facilmente $i po$sino nettare, ma ne i luoghi della $tate, &amp; nelle e$$edre, doue non &egrave; fu-
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parents:
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12120 mo, n&egrave; caligine puo far danno, $tan bene le ornate, perche $empre le co$e bianche, per
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parents:
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12121 la $operbia, &amp; grandezza del candore, non $olamente da i propi luoghi doue $ono, ma da
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parents:
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12122 gli altri edi$ici uicini pigliano il fumo. Fatte, &amp; e$pedite le cornici bi$ogna imboccare
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parents:
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12123 molto bene i pareti, &amp; lgro$$arli, &amp; $eccando$i quella $gro$$atura $ian indotte le dritture
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parents:
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12124 dello arenato, di modo, che le lunghezze $iano a linea, le altezze a piombo, gli anguli a
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12125 $quadra, perche la maniera delle coperte a que$to modo $ar&agrave; preparata per le pitture.
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12126 Cominciando$i a $eccare la detta cro$ta, di nuouo $e le dia un'altra di $opra, &amp; co$i quanto
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12127 piu fondata $ar&agrave; la drittura dello arenato, tanto piu ferma $ar&agrave; la $odezza della intonicatu-
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12128 ra. Quando poi il parete dopo la prima $gro$$atura con tre cro$te almeno di arena $ar&agrave;
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12129 formato, allhora $i faranno le $pianature con grano di marmo, pur che la materia $ia tem-
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12130 perata in modo, che quando $ar&agrave; impa$tata non $i attacchi al badile, ma il ferro netto dal
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12131 mortaio tratto ne $ia. Indottoui il grano, &amp; $eccando$i, $ia data un'altra intonicatura
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12132 leggiermente, la quale ben battuta, &amp; fregata $ottilmente $i dia. Quando adunque i pa-
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12133 reti con tre coperte di arena, &amp; di marmo a$$odati $aranno, n&egrave; fi$$ure, n&egrave; altro difetto po
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12134 tranno riceuere. Ma le $odezze fondate, &amp; fermate con le battiture di ba$toni, &amp; con la
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12135 ferma bianchezza del marmo li$ciate, po$toui $opra i colori con le politure, manderanno
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12136 fuori eccellenti bellezze. Quando i colori con diligenza $ono indotti $opra le coperte non
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12137 bene a$ciutte, per que$to non $putano, ma $tanno fermi, perche la calce nelle fornaci
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12138 a$ciugato l'humore, &amp; per le $ue rarit&agrave; diuenuta uota, a$tretta dalla $iccit&agrave;, tira l'humo-
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12139 re a $e delle co$e, che per $orte la toccano, &amp; in$ieme a$$odando$i per le me$colanze fatte
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12140 di co$e d'altra uirt&ugrave;, concorrendoui i $emi, &amp; i principij in cia$cuno membro, che ella $ia
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12141 formata $eccando$i, tale diuiene, che pare, che habbia le propie qualit&agrave; della $ua maniera,
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12142 &amp; per&ograve; le coperte, che $on ben fatte, n&egrave; per la uecchiezza diuentano a$pre, n&egrave; lauate rila-
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12143 $ciano i colori, $e for$e non $aranno con diligenza date nel $ecco. Quando adunque in
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12144 que$to modo, come &egrave; $opradetto, i pareti $aranno coperti potranno hauere, &amp; fermezza,
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12145 &amp; $plendore, &amp; forza di durare eternamente; ma quando $ar&agrave; data una coperta di arena,
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12146 &amp; una di minuto marmo $olamente, potendo poco quella $ottigliezza $i rompe, n&egrave; puo
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12147 per la debolezza della gro$$ezza $ua con$eruare nelle politure il propio $plendore: Perche
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12148 come lo $pecchio d'argento tirato di $ottil lametta ritiene incerta, &amp; debil lu$trezza, &amp;
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12149 quello, che &egrave; di piu $oda temperatura formato, riceuendo in $e con fermo potere la poli-
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12150 tezza, rende lu$tre nello a$petto, &amp; certe le imagini a i riguardanti: co$i le coperte fatte
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12151 di materia $ottile, non $olamente fanno le $i$$ure, ma $i gua$tano pre$tamente, ma quelle
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12152 che $on fondate con piu cro$te di arena, &amp; con $odezza di marmo, fatte piu $ode, &amp; con
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12153 frequente politezze battute, &amp; li$ciate, non $olamente lu$tre $i fanno, ma anchora riman-
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12154 dano fuori le imagini a i riguardanti, I copritori de i Greci u$ando que$te ragioni non
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12155 tanto fanno le loro opere ferme, ma ancho nel mortaio con calce, &amp; arena me$colata con
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12156 molti huomini pe$tano la materia con pezzi di legno, &amp; co$i ben battuta a concorrenza
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12157 la mettono in opera. Dal che &egrave; nato, che molti u$ano in luogo di tauole da dipignere
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12158 quelle cro$te, che $i leuano da i pareti, &amp; quelli coperti con le diui$ioni delle tauole, &amp;
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12159 de gli $pecchi hanno d'intorno a $e gli $porti e$pre$si dalle co$e. Ma $e ne i graticci $i haue-
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12160 ranno a fare le coperte, nelle quali &egrave; nece$$ario, che $i facciano le fi$$ure, ne i dritti, &amp; tra
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12161 uer$i trauicelli, (perche quando s'impa$tano di loto riceuono l'humore, &amp; quando $i $ec
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12162 cano a$$ottigliati fanno le fi$$ure nelle cro$te) accioche que$to difetto non auuegna, co-
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12163 $i ragioneuolmente $i deue prouedere. Quando tutto il parete $ar&agrave; impa$tato di loto,
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12164 <foot><I>TT</I></foot>
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12165 <pb n="316">
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12166 allhora in quell'opera $iano le canne continue con chiodi mu$carij confitte, dapoi di nuo-
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12167 uo indottoui il loto, $e le prime canne $aranno fitte per trauer$o, le $econde $iano fitte per
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12168 dritto, &amp; co$i (come s'&egrave; di $opra determinato) data ui $ia la cro$ta di arena, &amp; di marmo
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12169 &amp; d'ogni maniera di coperta, &amp; co$i doppiamente e$$endo fitta la continuit&agrave; delle canne
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12170 ne i pareti con ordini trauer$i, n&egrave; peli, n&egrave; fi$$ure &egrave; per fare in modo alcuno.
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12171 <p><I>Tratta della di$po$itione de i uolti, &amp; que$to &egrave; nece$$ario: imperoche male $i potranno coprire,
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12172 &amp; intonicare i uolti, $e non $aranno $ermi, &amp; ben fatti; &amp; attia riceuere gli abbellimenti, &amp;
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12173 le intonicature, &amp; per&ograve; prima egli c'in$egna, come douemo far i uolti, perche $cstentino glior-
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12174 namenti; come $i deue, &amp; di $opra, &amp; di $otto di quelli $maltarli, &amp; darli di bianco; &amp; come
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12175 $otto quelli $i hanno &agrave; fare le cornici, &amp; $otto le cornici, come $i hanno ad intonicare, &amp; bian-
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12176 cheggiare i pareti: &amp; finalmente ci mo$tra come $i habbiano a fare, &amp; a coprire i pareti di cra-
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12177 ticij. Noi in uniuer$ale parleremo de i uolti, accioche tutta la pre$ente materia ci $ia dinan-
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12178 zi a gli occhi, &amp; addurremo parte di quello, che dice l'Alberto nel terzo al</I> 14. <I>Capo. Va-
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parents:
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12179 rie $ono le maniere de i uolti, &amp; delle camere: noi douemo cercare, che differenza $ia tra quel-
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12180 le, &amp; quali $iano le linee de i contorni loro. Le $orti loro $ono la Fornice, la camera, l'hemi$pe-
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12181 ro, &amp; quelle uolte, che $ono parti di queste. L'hemi$pero, o meza palla non uiene per $ua natu-
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12182 ra $e non dalle piante circolari. La camera $i deue alle piante quadrate. Le fornici conuengono
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12183 a quegli edifici, che $on quadrangolari, ma quel uolto, che &egrave; fatto a $imiglianza d'un monte ca-
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parents:
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12184 uato, &egrave; detto fornice, che &egrave; un uolto lungo, &amp; piegato in arco. Im iginiamoci un parete larghi$-
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12185 $imo, che dalla cima $i uolti, &amp; $i pieghi, attrauer$o d'un portico. Camera &egrave; come un'arco, che da
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parents:
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12186 Mezo d&igrave; a Tramontana $i pieghi, &amp; che ne habbia $imilmente attrauer$ato un'altro da
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12187 Leuante a Ponente, &amp; &egrave; a $imiglianza delle corna piegate. Hemi$pero &egrave; il concor$o di molti ar
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12188 chi eguali in un centro del colmo di mezo. Ci $ono ancho molte altre manicre di uolti, &amp; di
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12189 archi, che fanno mostra di figure di molti anguli, delle quali &egrave; una iste$$a ragione del uoltarli,
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12190 &amp; tutte le predette maniere $i fanno con la ragione, che $i fa il parete, imperoche i $ostegni, &amp;
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12191 l'o$$a, che uengono $ino alla $ommit&agrave;, deono leuar$i dall'o$$a del parete, ma $econdo il modo loro
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12192 deono nel parete e$$er'impo$ti, cio&egrave; in quella forma, che uolemo dar al uolto, &amp; que$te o$$a deo-
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12193 no e$$er drizzate di$tanti una dall'altra, per un certo $patio. Vitr. dice A$$eri drizzati non
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12194 lontani uno dall'altro piu di due piedi, &amp; $ono trauicelli alti, &amp; stretti, &amp; dice que$ti A$$eri,
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12195 quando $ar anno di$tribuiti $econdo la forma del giro, cio&egrave; $econdo quella maniera di uolto, che
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12196 uolemo fare; deono con catene e$$er legati, queste catene $ono legature di legni po$te nelle $om-
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12197 mit&agrave; di detti trauicelli, accioche $i tenghino in$ieme. Siano questti inchiodati al tetto, &amp; tauola-
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12198 to di $opra. Et quegli $patij tra l'o$$a uuole l'Alberto, che $iano riempiti: ma ui &egrave; differenza tra
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12199 gli empimenti, che $i fanno ne i pareti, o muri, da quelli, che $i fanno tra que$te o$$a, impero-
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12200 che nel muro uanno dritti a piombo, qui piegati, &amp; torti, $econdo la forma de i uolti. uuole an-
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12201 che, che l'o$$a $ian di pietra cotta di due piedi, &amp; i riempimenti di leggieri$$ima pietra, per non
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12202 caricare il muro. Dice poi, che per fare gli archi, &amp; i uolti, &egrave; nece$$ario l'armatura, che &egrave;
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12203 fatta di legname $econdo la forma, che $i uuole. $opra questa $i pongono le craticole di canne,
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12204 per $ostenere quella materia di che $i fa il uolto, fin che s'induri$ca, uuole che la meza palla non
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12205 habbia bi$ogno d'armatura, n&egrave; quelle forme, che uanno imitando quelle che $on di molti anguli;
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12206 ma bene fa bi$ogno d'una legatura, o te$$itura, che leghi stretti$$imamente le parti debili, con le
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12207 ferme, &amp; gagliarde, &amp; iui commenda la forma dell' Hemi$pero. dice poi, che la te$tuggine, la
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12208 camera, la fornice hanno bi$ogno d'armature, raccomandando i primi ordini, &amp; i capi de
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12209 gli archi a fermi$$ime imposte: &amp; d&agrave; alcuni precetti d'intorno a questta materia, &amp; di leuar l'ar-
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12210 mature, &amp; di riempir i uani, &amp; di fortificar gli archi, i quali precetti $ono chiari a praticanti.
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12211 noi u$iamo gli archi, &amp; i uolti, le crocciere, le cube, i rimenati, le uolte a lunette $econdo le na
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12212 ture de gli edifici, come &egrave; noto. Formata la camera, cio&egrave; quella curuatura di uolto, come ci
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12213 piace, $i copre il cielo di $otto, &amp; $i d&agrave; di $opra quello, che dice Vitr. dapoi $i fanno le corni ci a</I>
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12214 <pb n="317">
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12215 <I>rorno di stucco, &amp; non ui entra ge$$o di $orte alcuna, $otto le cornici, le quali deono e$$er leggie-
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12216 ri, &amp; di $ottil materia, &amp; non hauer molto $porto, perche non $i rompino caricate dal pe$o. Si
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12217 deue hauer cura d'intonicar i pareti, &amp; in questa parte &egrave; molto diffu$o il detto Alberto: ma noi
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diff changeset
12218 staremo con Vitr. &amp; diremo la $ua intentione da capo, la qual &egrave; di apparecchiare i uolti, &amp; le
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diff changeset
12219 camere, &amp; dice, che egli $i deue drizzare alcuni trauicelli distanti due piedi uno dall'altro, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
12220 $iano di Cipre$$o per e$$er legno, che non $i tarla, n&egrave; $i gua$ta, questi trauicelli deono e$$er com-
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diff changeset
12221 partiti a torno la stanza con catene di legno fin al tauolato, o tetto con $pe$$i chiodi di ferro con-
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diff changeset
12222 fitti: uuole che que$te catene $ieno, o di Bo$$o, o di Oliua, o di Cipre$$o, o di Rouere, ma non di
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diff changeset
12223 Quercia, perche $i fende, n&egrave; d'altro legname, che pati$ca. Fornite le legature, &amp; di$posti i
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12224 trauicelli, &amp; confitti fin $otto il tauolato, bi$ogna con ftore di $parto Hi$pano, che &egrave; una $orte di
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12225 giunco, o con canne Greche, pistate; &amp; $ono (pen$o io) di quelle, che noi chiamiamo canne uere.
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diff changeset
12226 $i adoperano $imili uolti in Romagna, &amp; $i d&agrave; loro quella forma, che $i uuole, perche que$ta &egrave;
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diff changeset
12227 materia, che $i piega, &amp; che $i maneggia come $i uuole, &amp; co$i formato il cielo, $i hanno due $u
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12228 perficie una di $opra conue$$a, che guarda al tetto, l'altra di $otto concaua, che guarda il paui-
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12229 mento. quella di $opra &egrave; coperta con calce, &amp; arena, &amp; $maltata, accioche difenda la parte di
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diff changeset
12230 $opra delle goccie, che cade$$ero dal colmo, o dalle trauature. Et co$i$ar&agrave; e$pedita la parte di
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12231 $opra; &amp; quando non ci fu$$ino canne Greche, u$eremo le cannuccie delle paludi, delle quali $i
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diff changeset
12232 faranno come craticule in$ieme legate, &amp; annodate con cordicelle, o giunchi ritorti, pur chei
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12233 nodi non $ieno distanti l'uno dall'altro piu di due piedi. queste mata$$e, o craticule $iano fitte
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12234 a gli a$$eri, con pironi di legno, che Spathelle, o Cortelli $i chiamano. Quanto ueramente alla
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12235 parte di $otto $i richiede, cio&egrave; $otto il cielo, &egrave; darui la $maltatura di calce, &amp; d'arena, &amp; co$i
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12236 di mano in mano coprire, &amp; d'arena, &amp; di marmo pi$to. Finalmente polito, &amp; biancheggiato
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12237 il uolto, $i deono far le cornici d'intorno $ottili$$ime, &amp; quanto $i puo leggieri, &amp; picciole, impe
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12238 roche, $e fu$$ero grandi porterebbe pericolo, che per lo pe$o non $i $tacca$$ero, &amp; per&ograve; bi$ogna
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12239 auuertire di non farle di ge$$o, ma di marmo criuellato, &amp; dato egualmente di un tenore, &amp;
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12240 d'una gro$$ezza, &amp; accioche ancho egualmente $i$ecchi, perche quando una parte preueni$$e
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12241 l'altra, non egualmente $i $eccherebbeno. La leggierezza loro difende anche gli habitanti dal
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12242 pericolo, perche le cornici grandi, &amp; larghe $i po$$ono per qualche accidente staccare, &amp; ca-
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parents:
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12243 der ado$$o, a chi sta nelle camere. Delle cornici altre $i faceuano $chiette, altre lauorate: le
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12244 $chiette $tan bene in luoghi doue &egrave; fumo, lumi, &amp; polue, accioche meglio $i po$$ino far nette,
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12245 Le lauorate a fogliami, o a figure stan bene nelle sttanze della state, perche iui non ui &egrave; fumo, n&egrave;
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12246 lume, &amp; &egrave; co$a incredibile quanto il fumo delle alte stanze nuoca, benche lontane, tanta &egrave; la
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12247 $operbia della bianchezza. Fatte le cornici, &amp; adornato il cielo, &egrave; nece$$ario ancho adornare
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12248 &amp; biancheggiar il muro della stanza, &amp; apparecchiarlo alle pitture, per&ograve; al parete $i dar&agrave; pri
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12249 ma una gro$$a $maltatura, $opra la quale poi, che comincier&agrave; a $eccare bi$ogna darle una $mal-
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12250 tatura di calce, &amp; di arena fatta $econdo quel compartimento, che $i uorr&agrave; per dipignere, &amp; $ian
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12251 l'altezze del parete a piombo, le lunghezze a linea, gli anguli a $quadra, come ueramente $i troua
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12252 muri di mille anni et piu fatti tanto eguali, che una riga tocca per tutto: t&atilde;to $odi, che per tauole $i
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12253 po$$ono u$are quelle intonicature, &amp; $corze: tanto fini, che polite con un panno ri$plendono come
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12254 $pecchi; &amp; que$to na$ceua, per che dauano piu cro$te a i pareti, &amp; u$auano infinita diligenza, dando
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12255 la $eguente $corza prima, che la precedente fu$$e a fatto $ecca: era la materia ben macerata, et pre
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12256 parata molto tempo prima, che $i mette$$e in opera; di qui na$ceua, che i colori delle pitture non $o
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12257 lo ri$plendeuano, &amp; erano uaghi, ma ancho durauano eternamente, &amp; s'incorporauano con quel
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12258 la intonicatura, il che non auuenirebbe quando $i de$$e una $ola mano di arenato, et una di granito.
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12259 Ma perche $pe$$o, o per nece$$it&agrave;, o pernon caricare tanto le fabriche, $i $ogliono fare i pareti di
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parents:
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12260 Craticci, i quali per molti ri$petti po$$ono e$$er difetto$i, per&ograve; Vitr. ci d&agrave; i precetti ancho di farli
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12261 meglio, che $i puo, accioche durino, &amp; non facciano fi$$ure. Il tutto &egrave; facile, per&ograve; pa$$aremo
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12262 ad altro.</I>
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parents:
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12263 <foot><I>TT</I> 2</foot>
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12264 <pb n="318">
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12265 <HEAD><I>Delle politure, ne i luoghi humidi. Cap. IIII.</I></HEAD>
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12266 <p>IO ho detto, con che ragioni $i fanno le coperte ne i luoghi a$ciutti, hora io
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12267 e$poner&ograve; in che modo, accioche durino, far $i conuegna le politezze, ne i
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12268 luoghi humidi: &amp; prima ne i conclaui, che $aranno a pi&egrave; piano cerca tre pie-
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parents:
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12269 di alto dal pauimento in luogo di arenato $i dia la te$tola, &amp; $gro$$ato, accio
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12270 che le parti di quelle co perte non $ian gua$te dall'humore. Ma $e egli $i trouer&agrave; alcuno
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12271 parete, che per tutto $ia offe$o dall'humore, bi$ogna allontanar$i alquanto da quello, &amp;
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12272 farne un'altro tanto di$tante, quanto parer&agrave; conuenire alla co$a, &amp; tra due pareti $ia tira-
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12273 to un canale piu ba$$o del piano del conclaue, &amp; que$to canale sbocchi in qualche luogo:
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12274 &amp; poi che egli $ar&agrave; fatto alquanto alto la$ciati ui $iano gli $piracoli, per che $e l'humore
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12275 non u$cir&agrave; per la bocca, ma u$cir&agrave;, o di $otto, o di $opra, $i $parger&agrave; nella muratura nuo
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12276 ua. Fatte que$te co$e $i dia lo primo $gro$$amento al parete di te$tola, &amp; poi drizzato, &amp;
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12277 $pianato, &amp; polito $ia. Ma $e'l luogo non patir&agrave;, che $i faccia l'altra muratura, faccian$i
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12278 pure i canali, &amp; le bocche loro e$chino in luogo aperto, dapoi da una parte $opra il margi
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12279 ne del canale impongan$i tegole di due piedi, &amp; dall'altra $i drizzino i pila$trelli di quadrel
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12280 letti di ott'oncie, ne i quali po$$an $edere gli anguli di due tegole, &amp; co$i quelli pila$tri
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12281 $iano tanto di$tanti dal parete, che non pa$sino un palmo, dapoi dal ba$$o del parete in fino
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12282 alla cima $ian fitte dritte le tegole oncinate, alle parti di dentro delle quali con diligenza $ia
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12283 data la pece, accioche $caccino da $e il liquore, &amp; co$i di $otto, &amp; $opra il uolto habbiano i
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12284 loro $piracoli. Allhora poi $ian biancheggiate con calce liquida in acqua, accio non rifiuti-
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12285 no la $maltatura, &amp; cro$ta di te$tola, perche per l'aridit&agrave; pre$a nelle fornaci, non po$$ono
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12286 riceuere la $maltatura, n&egrave; mantenerla, $e la calce $otto po$ta, non incolla, &amp; non attacca
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12287 l'una, &amp; l'altra co$a. Indottoui quel primo $gro$$amento, $e le dia in luogo d'arenato la
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12288 te$tola, &amp; tutte le altre co$e, come s'&egrave; $critto di $opra nelle ragioni delle intonicature: ma
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diff changeset
12289 gli ornamenti della politura deono hauere propie, &amp; particolari ragioni del Decoro, ac-
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diff changeset
12290 cioche habbiano dignit&agrave; conuenienti s&igrave; $econdo la natura de i luoghi, come per le diffe-
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12291 renze delle maniere. Nelle $tanze del uerno non &egrave; utile que$ta compo$itione, n&egrave; la pittu-
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12292 ra di grande $pe$a, n&egrave; il $ottile ornamento de i uolti, di cornici, perche quelle co$e &amp; dal fu
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12293 mo, &amp; dalla fuligine di molti lumi $i gua$tano: ma in que$ti $opra i poggi deono le tauole
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12294 con inchio$tro e$$er impennate, &amp; polite trapo$toui i cunei di $ilice, o di terra ro$$a.
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diff changeset
12295 Quando $aranno e$plicate le camere pure, &amp; polite ancho non $ar&agrave; di$piaceuole l'u$o del-
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diff changeset
12296 le $tanze del uerno de i Greci; $e alcuno ui uorr&agrave; por mente; &amp; que$to u$o non &egrave; $ontuo-
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diff changeset
12297 $o, ma utile, perche egli $i caua tra'l piano liuello del triclinio qua$i due piedi, &amp; battuto
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diff changeset
12298 bene il $uolo, $i ui d&agrave;, o'l terrazzo, o il pauimento di te$tole co$i colmato, che habbia le
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parents:
diff changeset
12299 bocche nel canale. Dapoi po$toui $opra i carboni, &amp; calcati $odamente, ui $i da una ma-
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parents:
diff changeset
12300 teria me$colata di $abbione, di calce, &amp; di fauilla gro$$a mezo piede po$ta a regola, &amp; a li-
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parents:
diff changeset
12301 uello, &amp; polito il piano con la cote, $i fa la forma del pauimento nero, &amp; co$i n&egrave; i conui-
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parents:
diff changeset
12302 ui loro, quello, che da i ua$i, &amp; da gli $puti loro $i manda a terra, $ubito caduto $i $ecca,
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parents:
diff changeset
12303 &amp; i $erui, che gli mini$trano, $e bene $aranno $calzi, non piglieranno freddo da tai pa-
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parents:
diff changeset
12304 uimenti.
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parents:
diff changeset
12305 <p><I>Qui $i uede la mirabile indu$tria, che u$auano gli anticht, accioche le loro fabriche dura$$ero,
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diff changeset
12306 &amp; $i mant ene$$ero belle, &amp; ornate, imperoche anche la doue la natura del luogo poteua impedi-
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parents:
diff changeset
12307 ne, o non patiua gli abbellimenti, con arte $i sforzauano di rimediare: &amp; per che non &egrave; co$a niu-
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parents:
diff changeset
12308 na, che gua$ti piu gli edifici, &amp; le politure, che la humidit&agrave;; non ha dubbio, che quando a quella
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parents:
diff changeset
12309 $ar&agrave; ingeni o$amente proui$to, che la bellezza non con$egua l'effetto $uo: per&ograve; hauendo Vitr. for-
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parents:
diff changeset
12310 uito di darci i precetti di ab bellire, &amp; biancheggiare le opere fatte in luoghi a$ciutti, nel pre$en-</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
12311 <pb n="319">
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parents:
diff changeset
12312 <I>te capo c'in$egna a rimediare a i difetti de i luoghi humidi. Il difetto dell'humido uiene, o dal
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parents:
diff changeset
12313 ba$$o per lo terreno, o dall'alto per li muri, che $iano appoggiati a monti, o a terreni piu alti. Se
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parents:
diff changeset
12314 uiene dal ba$$o, bi$ogner&agrave; per le $tanze a pi&egrave; piano dal luogo, doue uorremo fare il pauimento ca-
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parents:
diff changeset
12315 uar $otto tre piedi, &amp; riempire tutto il cauo di te$tole, &amp; poi $pianarlo bene. que$ta materia te-
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parents:
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12316 ner&agrave; il luogo $empre a$ciutto. Ma $e per $orte alcun muro $ar&agrave; continuamente tocco dall'humo-
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parents:
diff changeset
12317 re, allhora faremo un'altro muro $ottile di$co$to da quello quanto ci parer&agrave; conueniente, &amp; tra
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parents:
diff changeset
12318 que muri $i far&agrave; un canale piu ba$$o alquanto del piano dalla $tanza, ilquale sboccher&agrave; in luogo
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parents:
diff changeset
12319 aperto, la$ciandoui i $uoi $piragli di $opra, perche quando il canale fu$$e molto alto, &amp; che non
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parents:
diff changeset
12320 $e gli face$$e que$to rimedio, non ha dubbio, che'l tutto ammarcirebbe, &amp; $i di$cioglierebbe: bi-
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parents:
diff changeset
12321 $ogna adunque dargli le $ue bocche di $otto, &amp; i $uoi $piragli di $opra. Drizzato adunque il mu-
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parents:
diff changeset
12322 ro al predetto modo, allhora potremo $maltarlo, intonicarlo, &amp; polirlo. Il mede$imo rimedio
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parents:
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12323 c'in$egna Plinio, &amp; Palladio. Ma $e per $orte il luogo non puo patire, che $i faccia il muretto, ci
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parents:
diff changeset
12324 ba$ter&agrave; farui i canali, che sbocchino in luogo aperto, &amp; nelle margini di que canali da una par-
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parents:
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12325 te $opraporui tegole alte due piedi, dall'altra farui alcuni muretti, o pila$trelli di mattoni di due
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parents:
diff changeset
12326 terzi di piede, $opra i quali $i po$$an $opraporre gli anguli di due tegole, &amp; que$te tegole non $ian
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parents:
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12327 di$tanti dal parete principale piu d'un palmo, &amp; co$i $ar&agrave; fornita la fabrica del canale, &amp; la $ua
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parents:
diff changeset
12328 copritura: &amp; perche la humidit&agrave; del muro principale po$$a entrare nel detto canale, bi$ogna lun
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parents:
diff changeset
12329 go il muro dal piede alla $ommit&agrave; conficcare delle tegole oncinate di modo, che come hamo una
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parents:
diff changeset
12330 entri nell'altra, &amp; $iano que$te di dentrouia con $omma diligenza impegolate, perche non rice-
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parents:
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12331 uino l'humidit&agrave;, &amp; co$i que$te tegole $oppliranno al mancamento del muretto, &amp; faranno lo i$te$
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parents:
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12332 $o effetto, perche tra quelle, &amp; il muro principale ci &egrave; $patio conueniente, &amp; la humidit&agrave; del
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parents:
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12333 muro ua tra quelle tegole, &amp; il muro, pure che di $otto $ian le sboccature, &amp; di $opra gli $pira-
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parents:
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12334 gli. Fornita que$ta intauellatura (dir&ograve; co$i) accioche riceua le imprimiture di te$tole, bi$ogna
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parents:
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12335 $maltarla di calce liquida, imperoche quella calce rimedia alla $iccit&agrave; delle tegole, lequali non
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parents:
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12336 riceuerebbeno le intonnicature, $enza quella prima $maltatura. Quello poi, che $i debbia dipi-
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parents:
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12337 gnere in $imili, &amp; altri luoghi Vitr. con gran facilit&agrave;, &amp; con belli auuertimenti ci dimo$tra, per&ograve;
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parents:
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12338 mi riporto alla interpretatione, nel che $i con$idera quello, che appartiene al Decoro: parla poi
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parents:
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12339 di una u$anza Greca di fare i pauimenti, co$a bella, utile, &amp; di poca $pe$a, &amp; nel te$to &egrave; mani-
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parents:
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12340 fe$ta.</I>
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parents:
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12341 <HEAD><I>Della ragione del dipignere ne gli edifi-
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parents:
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12342 cy. Cap. V.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
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12343 <p>Agli altri conclaui, cio&egrave; di primauera, d'autunno, della $tate, &amp; gli atrij, &amp; pe-
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parents:
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12344 ri$tili da gli antichi $tate $ono determinate alcune maniere di pitture, per cer-
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12345 ti ri$petti; perche la pittura $i fa imagine di quello, che &egrave;, &amp; puo e$$er, come
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parents:
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12346 dell'huomo, dello edificio, della naue, &amp; delle altre co$e, dalle forme dellequa
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parents:
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12347 li, &amp; da i contorni de i corpi con figurata $imiglianza $i pigliano gli e$$empi. Da que$to
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parents:
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12348 gli antichi, che ordinarono i principi delle politezze prima imitarono la diuer$it&agrave; delle
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parents:
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12349 cro$te di marmo, &amp; le loro collocationi, &amp; dipoi delle cornici, &amp; de i uarij compartimenti
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parents:
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12350 di colore ceruleo, &amp; di Minio. Dopo intrarono a fare le figure de gli edificij, &amp; dellc co-
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parents:
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12351 lonne, &amp; imitare gli $porti, &amp; i rilieui, de i fronti$picij, &amp; ne i luoghi aperti, come nelle e$-
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parents:
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12352 $edre per l'ampiezza de i pareti di$egnarono le fronti delle Scene all'u$anza Tragica ouero
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parents:
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12353 Comica, ouero Satirica: ma ne i luoghi da pa$$eggiare per e$$ere gli $pacij lunghi $i die-
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12354 dero ad ornarli di uariet&agrave; di giardini e$primendo le imagini di certe propriet&agrave; di pae$i:
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12355 perche dipingono i porti, le Promontore, i Liti, i fiumi, le fonti, gli tratti delle acque,
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12356 i tempij, i bo$chi $acri, i monti, le pecore, i pa$tori, &amp; in alcuni luoghi anche $i fanno
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parents:
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12357 pitture piu degne, &amp; che hanno piu fattura, che dimo$trano anche co$e maggiori, come
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12358 <pb n="320">
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diff changeset
12359 $ono i Simulacri de i Dei, le ordinate dichiarationi delle $auole, le guerre Troiane, gli
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12360 errori d'Vli$$e per li luoghi, &amp; altre co$e, che $ono con $imiglianti ragioni a quelli fatte
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diff changeset
12361 dalla natura. Ma quegli e$$empi, che erano tolti da gli antichi da co$e uere, hora $ono
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diff changeset
12362 con maluaggie u$anze corrotti, &amp; gua$ti. Perche nelle coperte de i muri $i dipingono
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diff changeset
12363 piu pre$to i mo$tri, che le certe imagini pre$e da determinate co$e. Perche in uece di co-
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diff changeset
12364 lonne ui $i pongono canne, &amp; in luogo de fa$tigi fanno gli arpagincti canalati con le fo-
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diff changeset
12365 glie cre$pe: Similmente i candellieri de i Tempietti, che $o$tengono le figure, &amp; $opra
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diff changeset
12366 le cime di quelli fan na$cere dalle radici i ritorti teneri conle uolute, che hanno $enza ra-
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diff changeset
12367 gioni le $igurine, che $opra ui $iedono. Similmente i $ioretti da i loro $teli, che hanno me-
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diff changeset
12368 ze $igure, che e$cono da quelli, altre $imiglianti a i capi humani, altre a i capi delle be-
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diff changeset
12369 $tie. Ma tali co$e, n&egrave; $ono, n&egrave; po$$on e$$er, n&egrave; $aranno giamai. Co$i adunque i cattiui
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12370 co$tumi hanno con$tretto, che per inertia i mali giudici chiudino gli occhi alle uirt&ugrave; del-
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12371 l'arti: perche come puo e$$er che una canna $o$tenti un coperto, ouero un candellieri, un
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diff changeset
12372 Tempietto, &amp; gli ornamenti d'un fronti$picio, ouero un fa$cetto di herba co$i $ottile, &amp;
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diff changeset
12373 molle $o$tegna una figuretta, che ui $tia $opra $edendo? ouero che dalle radici, &amp; fu$ti
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diff changeset
12374 piccioli, da una parte $iano generati i fiori, &amp; meze figure? Ma benche gli huomini ue-
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12375 dino tai co$e e$$er fal$e, pure $i dilettano, n&egrave; fanno conto $e elle po$$ono e$$er, &ograve; n&ograve;: ma
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diff changeset
12376 le menti offu$cate da i giudicij infermi non po$$ono approuare, quello, che &amp; con digni-
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diff changeset
12377 t&agrave;, &amp; con riputatione del Decoro puo e$$er prouato: perche quelle pitture non deono
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parents:
diff changeset
12378 e$$er approuate, che non $aranno $imili alla uerit&agrave;, n&egrave; anche $e bene $aranno fatte belle
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12379 dall'arte, per&ograve; n&oacute; $i deue far buon giudicio co$i pre$to di quelle, $e non haueranno certe ra
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diff changeset
12380 gioni di argomento $enza offe$a dichiarite. Perche ancho a Tralli haucndo Apaturio A-
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12381 labandeo con $cielta, &amp; buona mano finto una $cena in un picciolo Theatro, che appre$$o
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parents:
diff changeset
12382 quelli, $i chiama Eccle$ia$tirio, &amp; hauendo in quella fatto in luogo di colonne le figure,
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diff changeset
12383 &amp; i Centauri, che $o$tentauano gli Architraui, &amp; i rotondi coperti, &amp; le uolte prominenti
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parents:
diff changeset
12384 de i fronti$pici, &amp; le cornici ornate con capi Leonini: lequai co$e tutte hanno la ragione
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parents:
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12385 de i $tillicidi, che uengono da i coperti. Oltra di que$to nientedimeno $opra quella $cena
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12386 era l'Epi$cenio, nelquale era l'ornato uario di tutto il tetto, i tholi, i pronai, di mezi fron=
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12387 ti$pici. Quando adunque l'a$petto di quella $cena compiaceua al uedere di tutti per l'a-
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parents:
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12388 $prezza, &amp; che di gia erano apparecchiati per approuar quell'opera. Allhora $alto fuori
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12389 Licinio Matematico, &amp; di$le gli Alabandei e$$ere a$$ai $uegliati in tutte le co$e ciuili, ma
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12390 per non molto gran peccato di non $eruar il Decoro, e$$er giudicati poco $aui, perche
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12391 tutte le $tatue, che $ono nel lor Gimna$io, pareno trattar le cau$e: &amp; quelle, che $ono nel
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12392 Foro tener i di$chi, o correre, o giocar alla palla. Et co$i lo $tato delle figure $enza De-
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12393 coro tra le propriet&agrave; de i luoghi hauerli accre$ciuto difetto della riputatione della citt&agrave;.
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12394 Ma uediamo anche, che a no$tri tempi la $cena di Apaturio non ci faccia Alabandei, oue-
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diff changeset
12395 ro Abderiti: perche chi di uoi puo hauere le ca$e $opra le tegole de i tetti, ouero le colon-
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parents:
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12396 ne, ouero i fronti$pici: perche que$te co$e $i pongono $opra i ta$$elli, &amp; non $opra le tego-
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12397 le de i tetti. Se adunque le co$e, che non po$$ono hauere la uerit&agrave; del fatto, $aranno da
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12398 noi approuate nelle pitture, uerremo anchora noi a con$entire, a quelle citt&agrave;, che per tali
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parents:
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12399 difetti $ono $tate giudicate di poco $apere. Adunque Apaturio non hebbe ardimento
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12400 di ri$pondere alcuna co$a contra, ma leu&ograve; la $cena, &amp; mutatala alla ragione del uero, poi
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12401 che fu acconcia, l'approu&ograve;. O haue$$ero uoluto i dei immortali, che Licinio fu$$e torna
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12402 to uiuo, &amp; corregge$$e que$ta pazzia, &amp; gli erranti ordini di que$te coperte. Ma egli non
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12403 $ar&agrave; fuor di propo$ito e$plicare, perche la ragion fal$a uinca la uerit&agrave;: perche quello, che
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12404 affaticando$i gli antichi, &amp; ponendoui indu$tria tentauano di approuare con le arti, a no-
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12405 ftri giorni $i con$egue con i colori, &amp; con la uaghezza loro; &amp; quella autorit&agrave;, che la $ot-
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parents:
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12406 tilita dello arte$ice daua alle opere, hora la $pe$a del patrone fa, che non $ia de$iderata: per-
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12407 <pb n="321">
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12408 che chi &egrave; colui de gli antichi, che non habbia u$ato parcamente come una medicina il Mi-
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12409 nio? Ma a i d&igrave; no$tri per tutto il piu delle uolte $ono di Minio tutti i pareti coperti, &amp; $e
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parents:
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12410 gli aggiugne anche, &amp; $e gli d&agrave; di Borace, d'O$tro, d'Armenio, &amp; que$te co$e quando $i
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parents:
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12411 danno a i pareti, $e ben non $aranno po$te artificio$amente, &amp; nientedimeno danno a gli
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parents:
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12412 occhi non $o che di $plendore, &amp; perche $ono precio$e co$e, &amp; uagliono a$$ai, per&ograve; $ono
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parents:
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12413 eccettuate dalle leggi, che dal patrone, &amp; non da colui, che piglia l'opere $ono rappre$en
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parents:
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12414 tate. Io ho e$po$to a$$ai quelle co$e, nellequali ho potuto far auuertito chi copre i pareti,
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parents:
diff changeset
12415 accioche non cada in errore. Hora dir&ograve;, come preparare $i deono, come mi potr&agrave; uenir
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12416 in mente, &amp; perche da prima s'&egrave; detto della calce, hora ci re$ta a parlare del marmo.
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parents:
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12417 <p><I>Quello, che bi$ogni dipigner in diuer$e $tanze, accioche $ia $eruato il Decoro, Vitr. ce lo ha di-
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parents:
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12418 mo$trato in parte nel precedente cap. &amp; in parte hora ce lo in$egna. Et dalla diffinitione della
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parents:
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12419 pittura, ua argomentando quello, che $ta bene: &amp; poi riprende liberamente le u$anze de i pittori
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parents:
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12420 de i tempi $uoi, come che habbiano deuiato molto dalla certa, &amp; giu$ta ragione de gli antichi.
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parents:
diff changeset
12421 Doue grandemente s'oppone a quella maniera di pitture, che noi chiamamo Grotte$che, come co-
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parents:
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12422 $a che non po$$a $tare in modo alcuno. perche $e la pittura &egrave; una imitatione delle co$e, che $ono, o
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12423 che po$$ono e$$ere, come potremo dire, che $tia bene quello, che nelle Grotte$che $i uede? come $o-
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parents:
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12424 no animali, che portano Tempij, colonne di cannuccie, a rtigli di mo$tri, difformit&agrave; di nature, mi$ti
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parents:
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12425 di uarie $pecie: Certo $i come la fanta$ia nel $ogno ci rappre$enta confu$amente le imagini delle
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parents:
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12426 co$e, &amp; $pe$$o pone in$ieme nature diuer$e: co$i potemo dire, che facciano le Grotte$che, lequali
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parents:
diff changeset
12427 $enza dubbio potemo nominare $ogni della pittura. Simil co$a uedemo noi nell'arti del parlare,
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parents:
diff changeset
12428 imperoche il Dialetico $i forza di $atisfare alla ragione, l'Oratore al $en$o, &amp; alla ragione, il Poe-
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parents:
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12429 ta alquanto piu al $en$o, &amp; al diletto, che alla ragione, il Sofi$ta fa co$e mo$truo$e, &amp; tali, quali
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parents:
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12430 ci rappre$enta la fanta$ia, quando i no$tri $entimenti $ono chiu$i dal $onno. Quanto m&ograve;, che $ia
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parents:
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12431 da lodare un $ofi$ta, io lo la$cio giudicare, a chi $a fare differenza tra il fal$o, e'l uero, tra il ue-
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parents:
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12432 ro, e'l ueri$imile. Et perche Vitr. &egrave; facile, &amp; Plinio nel lib. XXXV. ci d&agrave; molto lume in que-
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12433 $ta materia, io non far&ograve; altro a pompa, ma per quanto io dalle co$e uedute, &amp; lette po$$o compren-
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12434 dere trouo, che la pittura $i come ogn' altra co$a, che $i fa da gli huomini, prima deue hauere inten
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diff changeset
12435 tioni, &amp; rappre$entar qualche effetto, alquale effetto $ia indrizzata tutta la compo$itione, &amp;
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diff changeset
12436 $i come le fauole denno e$$ere utili alla uita de gli huomini, &amp; la Mu$ica hauer deue la $ua inten-
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parents:
diff changeset
12437 tione, co$i ancho la pittura. Dapoi $i uuol ben $apere contornar le co$e, &amp; hauere le Simmetrie
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diff changeset
12438 di tutte le parti, &amp; le ri$pondenze di quelle tra$e. Et con il tutto indi le mouenze, &amp; gli atti
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diff changeset
12439 tali, che parino di co$e uiue, &amp; non dipinte, &amp; dimo$trino gli affetti, &amp; i co$tumi, ilche &egrave; di po-
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diff changeset
12440 chi: in $omma poi (che &egrave; co$a di pochi$$imi, &amp; a no$tri d&igrave; non &egrave; a pena con$iderata, &amp; &egrave; la per-
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parents:
diff changeset
12441 fettione dell'arte) fare i contorni di modo dolci, &amp; sfumati, che ancho s'intenda, quel che non $i
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diff changeset
12442 uede, anzi che l'occhio pen$i di uedere, quello ch'egli non uede, che &egrave; un fuggir dolci$$imo una te-
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parents:
diff changeset
12443 nerezza nell'Orizonte della ui$ta no$tra, che &egrave;, &amp; non &egrave; &amp; che $olo $i fa con infinita pratica, &amp;
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12444 che diletta a chi non $a piu oltra, &amp; fa $tupire, chi bene la intende. La$cio $tare i colori conue-
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diff changeset
12445 nienti, la me$colanza di quelli, &amp; la uaghezza, la morbidezza delle carni nelle imagini muliebri,
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diff changeset
12446 che $cuoprono i mu$culi, ma in modo, che $i intendino i panni, che fanno fede del nudo, le piegbe
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diff changeset
12447 dolci, la $ueltezza, i lontani, gli $corzi, l'altezza della ui$ta, &amp; altre co$e, che $ono nel dipignere
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12448 $ommamente accommodate: &amp; uano $aria, &amp; fuori dell'in$tituto no$tro a uoler parlare piu diffu-
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diff changeset
12449 $amente: &amp; chi ha con$iderato molte pitture di diuer$i ualenti huomini, &amp; che ha $entito ragiona
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parents:
diff changeset
12450 re, &amp; con diletto, &amp; attentione ha a$coltato gli altri, puo molto ben $apere di quanta importan-
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parents:
diff changeset
12451 za $ia, &amp; quanto abbraccia quello, che io ho accennato. il re$to di Vitr. &egrave; manife$to $ino alla fine
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diff changeset
12452 del libro, che io non ho uoluto aggiugnerui altro, parendomi, che Vitru. habbi a$$ai chiaramente
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12453 parlato. Ci re$ta hora a dire di molti ornamenti, che $i fanno nella Citt&agrave;, come Piramidi, Obeli-
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parents:
diff changeset
12454 $ci, Sepulcri, Titoli, Colonne, &amp; altre co$e $imili: ma hoggimai le co$e antiche di Roma $ono $ta-
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parents:
diff changeset
12455 te mi$urate piu uolte, &amp; poste in luce da molti ualenti huomini, di modo che $ar&agrave; di minor fatica</I>
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12456 <pb n="322">
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parents:
diff changeset
12457 <I>ueder a un tratto le pitture, &amp; mi$urarle, che leggere molte carte, che io potes$ifare: E$orto be-
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parents:
diff changeset
12458 ne ogn'uno, che $ia $tudio$o dell'antichit&agrave;, &amp; imitator de i buoni, &amp; che $i sforzi render ragione di
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parents:
diff changeset
12459 quello, che egli fa, e$$ercitando$i nelle arti liberali &amp; $pecialmente nelle quattro di$cipline, che $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
12460 no quattro porte principali di tutti gli edifici, $trumenti, muentioni, che $ono $tati, $ono, &amp; che $a-
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parents:
diff changeset
12461 ranno; &amp; chi anche uuole hauere qualche ammac$tramento delle $opradette co$e, legga nel <*>
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parents:
diff changeset
12462 libro di Leonbati$ta, &amp; o$$erui i precetti $uoi?</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
12463 <HEAD><I>In che modo s'apparecchi il marmo per gli copri-
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parents:
diff changeset
12464 menti. Cap. VI.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
12465 <p>Non di una $te$$a maniera in ogni pae$e $i genera il marmo, ma in alcuni luoghi
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parents:
diff changeset
12466 na$cono le glebe come di $ale, che hanno le miche lucide, &amp; ri$plendenti, le
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parents:
diff changeset
12467 quali pi$te, &amp; ammollite danno grande utilit&agrave; nelle coperte, &amp; nelle cornici:
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parents:
diff changeset
12468 ma in quei luoghi, ne i quai non $i trouano tai co$e; pi$tan$i con i pi$telli di
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parents:
diff changeset
12469 ferro, &amp; $i criuellano i cementi di marmo, o uero le $caglie, che cadeno dalle pietre taglia
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parents:
diff changeset
12470 te da i marmorari, &amp; que$te, cernite $i parteno in tre maniere, &amp; quella parte, che $ar&agrave; piu
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parents:
diff changeset
12471 grande, (come $i &egrave; detto di $opra) con la calce $i dia con l'arenato, dapoi la $eguente, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
12472 la terza, che $ar&agrave; piu $ottile. date que$te co$e, &amp; con diligenza pareggiate, &amp; li$ciate, hab-
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parents:
diff changeset
12473 bia$i ragione a dare i colori in gui$a, che mandino fuori lucenti raggi, &amp; $plendori, de i qua
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parents:
diff changeset
12474 li que$ta $ar&agrave; la prima differenza, &amp; apparato.
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parents:
diff changeset
12475 <HEAD><I>De i colori, &amp;<*> prima dell'Ochrea. Cap. VII.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
12476 <p>DE i colori alcuni $ono, che da lor $te$si na$cono in certi luoghi, &amp; indi $i caua
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
12477 no, altri da altre co$e in$ieme po$te, &amp; me$colate, o temperate $i compongo
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parents:
diff changeset
12478 no, accioche dieno nelle opere utilit&agrave; allo i$te$$o modo. Ma e$poneremo
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parents:
diff changeset
12479 quelli, che da $e na$centi $i cauano, come &egrave; l'Ochrea. Que$ta in molti luo-
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parents:
diff changeset
12480 ghi, come anche in Italia, $i troua, Ma l'Attica &egrave; ottima, &amp; que$ta non $i ha al tempo
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parents:
diff changeset
12481 no$tro, perche in A thene le minere, doue $i caua l'argento, quando haueuano le fami-
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parents:
diff changeset
12482 glie; allhora $i cauaua $otterra per trouare lo argento: quando iui $i trouaua la uena la $e-
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parents:
diff changeset
12483 guitauano come fu$$e $tata d'Argento. Et per&ograve; gli antichi alle politezze dell'opere u$aro
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parents:
diff changeset
12484 no una gran copia di Sile, &amp; anche in molti luoghi $i caua copio$amente la terra ro$$a, ma
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parents:
diff changeset
12485 perfertamente in pochi, come nel Ponto la Sinope, &amp; in Egitto, &amp; nell'i$ole Baleari in
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parents:
diff changeset
12486 Hi$pagna, n&egrave; meno in Lemno, l'entrate della qual i$ola il Senato, &amp; popolo Romano
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parents:
diff changeset
12487 conce$$e a gli Athenie$i da e$$er godute. Il Paretonio prende il nome da quei luoghi, do
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parents:
diff changeset
12488 ue egli $i caua, &amp; con la i$te$$a ragione il Melino, perche la forza di quel metallo, $i dice
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parents:
diff changeset
12489 e$$er in Melo l'I$ola Ciclada. La terra uerde na$ce in molti luoghi, ma la perfetta nel-
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parents:
diff changeset
12490 l'I$ola di Smirna. Que$ta i Greci Theodotia $ogliono chiamare, perche Theodoto $i
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parents:
diff changeset
12491 chiamaua colui, nel fondo del quale prima fu ritrouata quella $orte di creta. L'oropig-
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parents:
diff changeset
12492 mento da Greci Ar$enico nominato, $i caua nel Ponto, &amp; co$i in piu luoghi la Sandaraca,
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parents:
diff changeset
12493 ma l'ottima in Ponto appre$$o il fiume Hipani, ha la $ua uena; ma in altre parti, come tra
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parents:
diff changeset
12494 i confini di Magne$ia, &amp; di Efe$o $ono luoghi, d'onde ella $i caua apparecchiata, $i che
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parents:
diff changeset
12495 non &egrave; bi$ogno macinarla, ma &egrave; co$i $ottile, come fu$$e con la mano trita, &amp; criuellata.
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parents:
diff changeset
12496 <p><I>L'Ochrea $i chiama terra gialla, &amp; ancho Ochrea uolgarmente; que$ta $i abbru$cia, perche
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parents:
diff changeset
12497 faccia il fondo all'Ochrea non abbru$ciata, per&ograve; che $i fa piu $cura, &amp; ruggia, ne uiene dalle par-
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parents:
diff changeset
12498 ti di Leuante, &amp; io ne ho trouato ancho nelle mie po$$e$$ioni ne i monti di Triuigiana buoni$$ima,</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
12499 <pb n="323">
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parents:
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12500 <I>&amp; in gran copia. Sil attico, era un minerale di colore come alcuni uogliono dell'Ochrea, &amp; non
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parents:
diff changeset
12501 fanno anche differenza tra Ochrea &amp; Sile, ma io $timo, che Ochrea $i a nome generale, &amp; Sile
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parents:
diff changeset
12502 $peciale, per&ograve; puo e$$er, che'l Sile fu$$e di una $pecie di Ochrea; ma di colore alquanto diuer$o, &ograve;
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parents:
diff changeset
12503 che pende$$e all'azurro, o al purpureo, &amp; uiolino. Rubrica, &amp; Sinope $ono terre ro$$e, noi
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parents:
diff changeset
12504 chiamiamo la rubrica imbuoro, &amp; in altri luoghi buoro, &amp; que$te terre ro$$e erano in que luo-
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parents:
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12505 ghi doue dice Vitr. buone, &amp; perfette. Il paretonio, &amp; melino eran colori, quello bianco, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
12506 que$to giallo, la cagione perche co$i $ono chiamati &egrave; po$ta da Vit. La creta uerde, noi chiamia-
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parents:
diff changeset
12507 mo terra uerde. La $andaraca &egrave; di colore di aranzo, noi chiamiamo minio fatto di biacca abbru
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parents:
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12508 $ciata, ma la $andaraca era na$cente, &amp; anche fatta ad arte come dir&agrave; Vitr. qui $otto.</I>
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parents:
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12509 <HEAD><I>Deller agioni del minio. Cap. VIII.</I></HEAD>
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12510 <p>Hora io entrer&ograve; ad e$plicare le ragioni del Minio. Que$to prima $i dice e$$ere
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12511 $tato ritrouato ne i campi Cilbiani de gli Efe$ij: il cui effetto, &amp; la cui ragio-
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12512 ne ne d&agrave; cau$a di gran merauiglia. Caua$i una Zoppa, detta Antrax, prima che
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12513 per lo maneggiar ella diuenti Minio: la uena &egrave; di colore come ferro alquanto
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12514 piu ro$$o, hauendo intorno a $e una poluere ro$$a. Quando $i caua, per le perco$$e dei
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12515 ferri manda fuori le lagrime d'argento uiuo, le quali $ubito da quelli, che cauano $ono
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12516 raccolte. Que$te zoppe a$$unate per la pienezza dell'humore, che hanno dentro $i pon-
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12517 gono nelle fornaci delle officine, accioche $i $ecchino, &amp; quel fumo, che dal uapore del
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12518 fuoco $i leua da quelle zoppe, quando ricade nel $uolo del forno, &egrave; trouato e$$er argento
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12519 uiuo. Leuate uia le zoppe, quelle gocciole, che re$tano per la picciolezza loro non $i
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12520 po$$ono raccorre, ma in un ua$o di acqua $i fan correre, &amp; iui $i raunano, &amp; $i confonde-
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12521 no in$ieme; &amp; que$te e$$endo di mi$ura di quattro $e$tari, quando $i pe$ano, $i trouano e$
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12522 $er cento libre: ma quando &egrave; in$ieme tutto quello argento in un ua$o, $e $opra ui $i po=
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diff changeset
12523 ner&agrave; un pe$o di cento, egli $tar&agrave; di $opra, n&egrave; potr&agrave; col $uo pe$o premere quel liquore, n&egrave;
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diff changeset
12524 $cacciarlo, n&egrave; di$siparlo. leuato il centen&agrave;io; $e iui $i poner&agrave; uno $crupulo d'oro, non $o
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diff changeset
12525 pranuoter&agrave;, ma $e ne ander&agrave; al fondo da $e $te$$o. co$i non per la grandezza del pe$o, ma
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12526 per la qualit&agrave; $ua cia$cuna co$a e$$er co$i graue non $i deue negare. Et que$to &egrave; utile a mol
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diff changeset
12527 te co$e, perche n&egrave; lo argento, n&egrave; il rame $enza quello $i puo dorare, che bene $tia, &amp;
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12528 quando l'oro &egrave; conte$to in qualche ue$te, che con$umata per la uecchiezza, non $i po$$a
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diff changeset
12529 piu portare con hone$t&agrave;, ponga$i quel panno d'oro in ua$i di terra, &amp; $ia nel foco abbru-
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diff changeset
12530 $ciato. La cenere $i getta nell'acqua, alla quale $i aggiugne l'argento uiuo, il quale a $e
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12531 tira tutte le miche dell'oro, &amp; le sforza ad unir$i $eco: uotata poi l'acqua, que$to s'in-
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12532 fonde, &amp; riuer$cia in un panno, &amp; in quello &egrave; con le mani $truccato, l'argento e$ce per
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12533 le rarit&agrave; del panno con il liquore, &amp; l'oro per la $trettezza, &amp; compre$sione raunato di
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12534 dentro puro $i ritroua.
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12535 <HEAD><I>Della temperatura del Minio. Cap. IX.</I></HEAD>
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12536 <p>IO ritorner&ograve; hora alla temperatura del Minio, perche quelle zoppe e$$endo
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12537 aride $i pi$tano con pi$telli di ferro, &amp; $i macinano, &amp; con $pe$$e lauature, &amp;
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12538 cotture $i le fanno uenir i colori. Quando adunque $aranno mandate fuori
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12539 le goccie dello argento uiuo, allhora $i fa il Minio di natura tenera, &amp; di for
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12540 za debile, &amp; per hauer la$ciato l'argento uiuo, la$cia anche le uirt&ugrave; naturali, che egli in $e
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12541 teneua. Et per&ograve; quando &egrave; dato nelle politure de i conclaui re$ta nel $uo colore $enza di-
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12542 <foot><I>VV</I></foot>
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12543 <pb n="324">
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12544 fetti: ma in luoghi aperti come in peri$tili, &amp; e$$edre, &amp; in altri $imiglianti luoghi douell
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12545 Sole, &amp; la Luna po$$ono mandare i raggi, &amp; i lumi loro, quando da que$ti il luogo &egrave; toc-
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diff changeset
12546 cato, $i gua$ta, &amp; perduta la uirt&ugrave; del colore, $i denigra. Et per&ograve; &amp; molti altri, &amp; Fabe-
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12547 rio $criba hauendo uoluto hauere nel monte Auentino una bella, &amp; ornata ca$a, ne i peri-
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12548 $tili fece a tutti i pareti dar di Minio, i quali dopo trenta giorni diucntorno di brutto, &amp;
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12549 diuer$o colore, &amp; per&ograve; di $ubito condu$$e chi gli de$$e di altri colori. Ma $e alcuno far&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
12550 piu $ottile, &amp; uorr&agrave;, che la politezza del Minio ritegna il $uo colore, quando il parete $a-
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parents:
diff changeset
12551 r&agrave; polito, &amp; $ecco, allhora dia col pencllo di cera punica liquefatta al fuoco temperata
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12552 con alquanto oglio, dapoi po$ti i carboni in un ua$e di ferro far&agrave; $udare quella cera $caldan
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12553 dola col parete, &amp; far&agrave; $i che la $i $tenda egualmente, dapoi con una candela, &amp; con un
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12554 lenzuolo netto la freghi, al modo che $i nettano le nude $tatue di marmo, &amp; que$ta opera-
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parents:
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12555 tione Grecamente $i chiama Cau$is: co$i la coperta della cera punica non permette, che
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parents:
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12556 lo $plendore della Luna, n&egrave; i raggi del Sole toccaudo leuino uia il colore da quelle politu-
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12557 re. Da quelle officine, che $on alle caue de i metalli de gli Efe$ij, per que$ta cagione $o-
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12558 no $tate traportate a Roma, perche que$ta $orte di uena &egrave; $tata dapoi ritrouata ne i pae$i di
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12559 Spagna, da i metalli delle quali $i portano le zoppe, che per li Daciari a Roma $i curano.
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12560 Et que$te officine $ono tra il Tempio di Flora, &amp; di Quirino. Vitia$i il Minio me$colan-
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12561 doui la calce, &amp; $e alcuno uorr&agrave; fare e$perienza, $e egli $ar&agrave; uitiato, co$i bi$ogna prouare:
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parents:
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12562 Pigli$i una lama di ferro, o paletta che $i dichi, $opra e$$a $i pona il Minio, &amp; po$ta al fo
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parents:
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12563 co, fin che la lama $ia affocata, quando di bianco $i muta in nero, leui$i la lama dal fuoco,
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parents:
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12564 &amp; $e raffredato il Minio, ritorner&agrave; nel $uo primo colore, $enza dubbio $i prouer&agrave; e$$er
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parents:
diff changeset
12565 $enza difetto, ma $e egli re$ter&agrave; nero dimo$trer&agrave; e$$ere uitiato. Io ho detto quelle co$e,
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parents:
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12566 che mi $ono uenute in mente del Minio. La Chri$ocolla $i porta da Macedonia, &amp; $i caua
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parents:
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12567 da que luoghi, che $ono pro$simi a i metalli di Rame. Il Minio, &amp; l'Endico, con e$$o i
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parents:
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12568 uocaboli $i dimo$tra in che luoghi $i generino.
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parents:
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12569 <p><I>Il Minio come dice Plin. &egrave; una $orte di arena di colore del zafferano: la cera Punica dicono e$-
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parents:
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12570 $er cera bianca. il modo di farla bianca &egrave; in Plin. al</I> 21. <I>libro, nel cap.</I> 14. <I>Chri$ocolla &egrave; colla
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12571 da oro, la dicono Eora$o. Il Minio &egrave; detto da un Fiume della Spagna co$i nominato. Indicum
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parents:
diff changeset
12572 da noi &egrave; detto Endego, &egrave; di color Biauo $curo, $i tingono i panni con quello, &amp; $i u$a anche nel-
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12573 le pitture.</I>
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12574 <HEAD><I>Dei colori artificio$i. Cap. X.</I></HEAD>
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12575 <p>Hora io entrer&ograve; a quelle co$e, che mutate con le tempre delle me$colanze d'al-
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12576 tre maniere riceueno le propriet&agrave; de i colori. Et prima io dir&ograve; dello inchio
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diff changeset
12577 $tro, l'u$o del quale nelle opere ha grande nece$sit&agrave;, accio manife$te $iano le
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parents:
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12578 tempre, in che modo con certe ragioni di artefici $iano preparate. Il luogo
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12579 edi$icato, come il Laconico, &amp; di marmo $i poli$ce, &amp; $i li$cia $ottilmente, dinanzi a
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12580 que$to $i fa una picciola fornace, che ha le apriture di dentro uer$o il Laconico, &amp; la boc
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12581 ca $ua di fuori $i chiude, &amp; abba$$a con gran diligenza, accioche la fiamma di$sipata non
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12582 $ia di fuori, nella fornace $i pone della re$ina, o ra$a, &amp; que$ta bruciandola la forza del
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12583 fuoco con$trigne mandar fuori per le apriture tra il Laconico il fumo, il quale d'intorno
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parents:
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12584 i pareti, &amp; la curuatura della camera $i attacca: dapoi raccolto parte $i compone battuto
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parents:
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12585 co la gomma all'u$o dello inchio$tro librario parte i copritori me$colandoui della colla
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12586 u$ano ne i pareti. Ma $e non $aranno que$te copie apparecchiate, co$i alla nece$sit&agrave; $i de-
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12587 ue prouedere, ac cioche per lo a$pettare, &amp; indugiare l'opera non $ia trattenuta. Sian
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12588 abbruciate le taglie, o $cheggie della Tiglia, &amp; fatti di e$$e i carboni $iano e$tinti, &amp; poi
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12589 <pb n="325">
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12590 nel mortaio con la colla pi$tati, &amp; co$i $i far&agrave; una tinta per coprire, che hauer&agrave; del buono.
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12591 Similmente auuerr&agrave; $e la feccia del uino $eccata, &amp; cotta $ar&agrave; nella fornace, &amp; poi pi$tata
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12592 con la colla far&agrave; a$$ai grato il colore dell'inchio$tro, &amp; quanto piu $i far&agrave; di miglior uino
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12593 non $olo far&agrave; imitare il colore dell'inchio$tro, ma anche dello Endego.
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12594 <HEAD><I>Delle tempre del color ceruleo. Cap. XI.</I></HEAD>
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12595 <p>LE tempre dello Azurro prima $ono $tate ritrouate in Ale$$andria. Dapoi Ve-
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12596 $torio a pozzuolo ordin&ograve; che $i face$$e. La ragione di quel colore, di che co-
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12597 $a $ia $tata ritrouata, d&agrave; da merauigliare a$$ai: perche egli $i pi$ta l'arena col
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12598 fiore del Nitro, co$i $ottilmente, che diuenta come farina, &amp; me$colata col
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12599 rame di Cipro limato $i bagna, accioche $i tenga in$ieme, dapoi riuoltandola con le mani
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12600 $i fanno palle, &amp; $i mettono in$ieme di modo, che $i $ecchino. Que$te $ecche $i compon
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12601 gono in un ua$o di terra, che poi $i mette in fornace, co$i il rame, &amp; quell'arena quando
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12602 dalla forza del fuoco bogliendo in$ieme, $i haueranno $eccato dando a uicenda, &amp; rice=
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12603 uendo i $udori, dalle loro propiet&agrave; $i parteno, &amp; compo$ti delle loro co$e per la gran for
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12604 za del calore diuentano di color azurro. Ma l'arena abbruciata, che nel coprire i pareti,
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12605 ha non poca utilit&agrave;, $i tempra in que$to modo. Cuoce$i una zoppa di pietra azurra buo-
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12606 na $i, che $ia dal fuoco, come il ferro affocata, quella con aceto $i e$tingue, &amp; diuenta di
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12607 color purpureo.
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12608 <HEAD><I>Come $i facciala ceru$a, il uerderame, &amp; la San-
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12609 daraca. Cap. XII.</I></HEAD>
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12610 <p>Della Ceru$a, &amp; del Verderame, &amp; che da no$tri Eruca $i chiama, non &egrave; fuori
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12611 di propo$ito a dire in che modo $i faccia. I Rhodiotti mettendo ne i dogli le
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12612 limature di piombo, $pargono quelle di aceto, &amp; $opra quelle limature ui
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diff changeset
12613 mettono le ma$$e di piombo, &amp; otturano con i coperchi $i fattamente que
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diff changeset
12614 dogli, che non po$$ono re$pirare, dopo un certo tempo aprendogli ritrouano la Ceru$a,
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diff changeset
12615 o Biacca, che $i dichi dalle ma$$e di piombo. Et con la i$te$$a ragione ponendoui le la-
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12616 melle di rame, fanno il Verderame, nominato Eruca. Ma la Ceru$a cuocendo$i nella for
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12617 nace, cangiato il $uo colore allo incendio del fuoco diuenta Sandaraca. <I>(Che noi minio
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12618 ch amiamo.)</I> Et gli huomini hanno imparato que$to dallo incendio fatto a ca$o, &amp; quel-
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12619 la &egrave; di minor utilit&agrave;, che quella, che nata da metalli $i caua.
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12620 <HEAD><I>In che modo $i faccia l'O$tro eccellenti<02>imo di tuttii
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12621 colori artificiali. Cap. XIII.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
12622 <p>IO incomincier&ograve; hor'&agrave; dire dell'O$tro, il quale ritiene &amp; cari$sima, &amp; eccel-
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12623 lenti$sima $uauit&agrave; dell'a$petto oltra i predetti colori. Que$to $i coglie dalle
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diff changeset
12624 marine conchiglie, del quale $i tigne la purpura, &amp; di quello non $on minori
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diff changeset
12625 le merauiglie a chi con$idera, che delle altre nature delle co$e. Percioche
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12626 non ha il colore d'una maniera in tutti que luoghi, che na$ce, ma dal cor$o del Sole natu-
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12627 ralmente $i tempra. Et per&ograve; quello, che $i raccoglie nel Ponto, &amp; nella Gallia, per che
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12628 quelle parti $o no uicine al Settentrione, &egrave; nero. A chi ua inanzi $otto al Settentrione &egrave; li
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12629 <foot><I>VV</I> 2</foot>
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12630 <pb n="326">
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12631 uido, quello, che $i ha dall'Oriente, &amp; occidente equinottiale &egrave; di colore uiolino; quel-
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diff changeset
12632 lo, che $i caua nelle parti di mezo d&igrave; &egrave; ro$$o, &amp; per&ograve; que$to ro$$o, ancho $i genera nell'i$o
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12633 la di Rhodi, &amp; in altre parti, che $ono uicine al cor$o del Sole. Quelle conchiglie quan-
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12634 do $ono raccolte, con ferri $i fendono d'intorno, dalle quali perco$$e ne uiene la $anie
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parents:
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12635 purpurea, come una lagrima, che goccia. Cauata ne i mortai pi$tando$i $i apparecchia,
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12636 &amp; quello, che dalle te$te marine $i caua per que$to &egrave; $tato O$tro nominato, &amp; que$to per
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12637 la $al$ugine pre$to $i fa $itibondo, $e egli d'intorno non ha il mele $par$o. <I>Hercole Ti-
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12638 rio $otto Minos ritrou&ograve; la tintura della porpora, che $i chiama conchilium, e$$endo$i il $uo ca-
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12639 ne imbrattato di quella $aeie le ma$celle, &amp; la port&ograve; al Re di Phenicia il quale fu il primo che
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12640 porta$$e la porpora.</I>
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12641 <HEAD><I>De i colori purpurei. Cap. XIIII.</I></HEAD>
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12642 <p>Fanno$i ancho i colori purpurci tinta la creta con la radice di Rubbia, &amp; Hi$-
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parents:
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12643 gino. Et $imilmente da i fiori $i fanno altri colori, &amp; per&ograve; quando i tintori
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12644 uogliono imitare il Sil Attico, gettando la uiola $ecca in un ua$o la fanno
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12645 bollire con l'acqua, dapoi quando &egrave; temperata la gettano in una pezza, &amp; con
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12646 le mani $truccandola riceueno l'acqua di uiole colorita in un mortaio, &amp; di quella infon-
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12647 dendoli la creta ro$$a, &amp; pi$tand ola fanno il colore del Sile Attico, con quella i$te$$a ra-
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12648 gione temprando il uacinio, &amp; con quella me$colando fanno la purpura bella. Et anche
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12649 chi non puo per la care$tia u$are la chri$ocolla tingono l'herba, che $i chiama luteo di azur
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12650 ro, &amp; u$ano un colore uerdi$simo, &amp; que$ta $i chiama infectiua, cio&egrave; tintura. Appre$$o
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12651 per la inopia del Endego tignendo la creta Selinu$ia, ouer l'Annularia, &amp; il uetro detto Hia
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12652 lo imitano il colore dell'Endego. Io ho $critto in que$to libro quanto mi &egrave; potuto uenir
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12653 in mente con quali co$e, &amp; con che ragione alla di$po$itione della fermezza, &amp; bellezza bi$o
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12654 gna far le pitture, &amp; che forze habbiano in $e tutti i colori. In $ette uolumi adunque, termi
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12655 nate $ono tutte le perfettioni delle fabriche, &amp; dimo$trato, che opportunit&agrave;, &amp; commo-
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12656 do hauer debbiano. Nel $eguente io tratter&ograve; dell'acqua, in che modo $i troui, doue non
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12657 &egrave;, &amp; con che ragione $i conduca, &amp; con che co$e $i prouer&agrave; $e ella &egrave; $ana, &amp; idonea all'u$o.
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12658 <p><I>La Rubia, &egrave; detta Ruggia, &amp; $i u$a uolgarmente da i tintori de panni. Hi$gino, &amp; Vaci-
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12659 nio, &amp; Hiacintho, &egrave; una i$te$$a co$a. La creta Selinu$ia di color di latle, &amp; l'Annularia &egrave; bian-
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12660 ca. nel re$to io non ho prouato que $te co$e, n&egrave; uoglio empir il libro di ricette.</I>
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12661 <HEAD><I>Il Fine del Settimo Libro.</I></HEAD>
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12662 <pb n="327">
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12663 <HEAD>LIBRO OTTAVO</HEAD>
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12664 <HEAD>DELL'ARCHITETTVRA DI
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12665 M. VITRVVIO.</HEAD>
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12666 <HEAD><I>Proemio.</I></HEAD>
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12667 <p>THALETE Mile$io, uno di $ette Sapienti di$$e, l'acqua e$$er principio di
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12668 tutte le co$e. Heraclito il fuoco; i Sacerdoti de i Magi l'acqua, &amp; il
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12669 fuoco. Euripide auditore di Anaxagora, ilquale Filo$ofo gli Athenie$i
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12670 Scenico nominarono, lo aere, &amp; la terra, &amp; quella dalle pioggie cele$ti
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12671 ingrauidata hauere generato nel mondo i parti delle genti, &amp; di tutti
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12672 gli animali, &amp; quelle co$e, che da quella fo$$ero prodotte, quando co-
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12673 $trette dalla forza del tempo $i di$cioglie$$ero, in quella di nuouo ritornare, &amp; quelle, che
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12674 di aere na$ce$$ero, anche nelle parti del cielo cangiar$i nel riceuere alcuno difetto, ma mu-
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12675 tata la loro di$$olutione ricadere nella i$te$$a propriet&agrave;, nellaquale erano per innanzi: Ma
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12676 Pithagora, Empedocle, Epicarmo, &amp; gli altri Fi$ici, &amp; Filo$ofi que$ti e$$er quattro prin-
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12677 cipij ci propo$ero, aere, fuoco, acqua, &amp; terra, &amp; le qualit&agrave; di que$ti tra $e con naturale
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12678 forma congiunte per le differenze delle co$e operare; &amp; noi auuertimo non $olamente le
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12679 co$e, che na$ceno da que$ti principij, hauere il na$cimento loro, ma tutte le co$e non no-
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12680 trir$i, n&egrave; cre$cere, n&egrave; con$eruar$i $enza la forza loro; percioche i corpi $enza $pirito ridon-
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12681 danti non po$$ono hauere la uita, $e lo aere, che ui entra, non hauer&agrave; fatto del continuo
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12682 cre$cendo gli accre$cimenti, &amp; le diminutioni. <I>Cio&egrave;il re$pirare, che $i fa col tirare il fiato
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12683 a $e, &amp; mandarlo fuori.</I> Ma $e egli non $ar&agrave; nel corpo anchora una giu$ta mi$ura di ca-
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12684 lore non ui $ar&agrave; lo $pirito uitale, n&egrave; il poter$i fermamente drizzare in piedi; &amp; le forze del
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12685 cibo non potranno hauere la tempra della dige$tione: &amp; per&ograve; non notricando$i i corpi di
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12686 terre$tre cibo, mancherebbeno, &amp; co$i dalla me$colanza del principio terreno faranno
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12687 abbandonati: &amp; gli animali $e $aranno $enza la pote$t&agrave; dell humore exhau$ti, &amp; a$ciutti dal
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12688 liquore de i $uoi principij $i $eccheranno. <I>Dice Ari$totile, che noi ci notrimo di quelle co-
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12689 $e, delle quali $iamo compo$ti, &amp; per&ograve; i quattro elementi $ono nece$$ari alla uita dell'huomo, per
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12690 che di quelli il corpo &egrave; compo$to.</I>
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12691 <p>Et per&ograve; la diuina Prouidenza non fece difficili, &amp; care quelle co$e, che propiamente
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12692 erano nece$$arie alle genti, come $ono le pretio$e pietre, l'oro, &amp; l'argento, &amp; le altre co-
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12693 $e, le quali n&egrave; il corpo, n&egrave; la natura de$idera: ma quelle co$e, $enza le quali la uita de i mor
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12694 tali non puo e$$er $icura largamente alle mani pronte ci diede in ogni parte del mondo; &amp;
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12695 per&ograve; di que$ti principij $e per ca$o alcuna co$a ui manca di $pirito, lo aere a$signato per
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12696 re$tituirlo, ci&ograve; pre$ta copio$amente. Ma lo impeto del Sole apparecchiato, ad aiutarci
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12697 col calore, &amp; il fuoco ritrouato la uita piu $icura ci rende, &amp; co$i il frutto della terra pre-
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12698 $tandoci la copia del uiuere per gli $oprabondanti de$iderij alleua, &amp; nutri$ce gli animali
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12699 pa$cendoli continuamente, &amp; l'acqua non $olameute per lo beuere, ma per l'u$o dandoci
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12700 infinite nece$sita per e$$erci data per grande utilit&agrave; ci rende: &amp; da cio quelli, che all'u$an-
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12701 za de gli Egittij trattano le co$e $acre dimo$trano tutte le co$e con$i$tere dalla forza del
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12702 liquore, &amp; per&ograve; quando ricoprono i ua$i dell'acqua, i quali al $acro Tempio con ca$ta re-
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12703 ligione $i portano, allhora inginocchiati con le mani al cielo ringratiano per tali ritroua-
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12704 menti; la bont&agrave; diuina.
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12705 <pb n="328">
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12706 <p><I>Replica Vitr. lc co$e dette nel $econdo libro, al primo cap. circa i principij materiali
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12707 delle co$e, ma con diuer$a intentione; perche nel $econdo egli hauea animo di dimo-
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12708 $trare gli effetti, che uengono dalla me$colanza de i principij nelle co$e, come nella
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12709 calce, ne i mattoni, nell' arena, nelle pietre, &amp; ne gli alberi: ma quiui ha intentione
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12710 trattare della natura, &amp; dell'u$o dell'acque: &amp; in uero ha ben ragione di adornare que$ta $ua fati
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12711 ca con il trattamento dell'acque: perche $i come l'oro, &amp; le gemme, &amp; le pietre $ono pretio$e
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12712 per la rarit&agrave; loro, tutto che la natura humana habbia poco bi$ogno di quelle, co$i l'acqua &egrave; pre=
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12713 cio$a per la nece$$it&agrave;, &amp; per l'u$o della uita: doue non immeritamente, &amp; i $aui, &amp; i poeti, &amp; i
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12714 $acerdoti hanno celebrato l'u$o dell'acqua. &amp; perche la citt&agrave; di Roma ha di gran lunga $upera-
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12715 to con l'opere, &amp; con le condotte dell'acque tutto quello, che &egrave; $tato altroue, per&ograve; Vitru. oltra
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12716 l'u$o uniuer$ale dell'acque, per $atisfare anche in que$ta parte a i Romani, ha particolarmente
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12717 un libro a que$ta materia con$ecrato, doue parla, &amp; della natura dell'acqua, &amp; dell'u$o.
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12718 Della natura ne parla, nel $econdo, terzo, &amp; quarto cap. dell'u$o, nel primo, &amp; ne gli altri. quan
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12719 to alla natura ci narra le propriet&agrave; dell'acque, le forze, &amp; qualit&agrave; $eguendo una diletteuole hi-
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12720 $toria naturale. Quanto all'u$o, tralta della inuentione dell'acque, della elettione, del condurle,
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12721 &amp; del con$eruarle. Alla inuentione dona il primo capo. Alla elettione il quinto, perche non &egrave;
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12722 a$$ai trouare le acque, ma &egrave; nece$$ario lo eleggere le buone, &amp; $alutifere. al condurle, &amp; con$er-
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12723 uarle d&agrave; il $e$to, &amp; il $ettimo capo, in$egnandoci a liuellarle, &amp; dimo$trandoci gli $trumenti atti, et
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12724 i modi di condurle, &amp; co$i con grande utilit&agrave; d&agrave; perfettione all'ottauo lib. ilquale io e$porr&ograve; ne:
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12725 luoghi la$ciando le digre$$ioni, &amp; la pompa ad altro tempo.</I>
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12726 <HEAD><I>Della inuentione dell'acqua. Cap. I.</I></HEAD>
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12727 <p>Es$endo adunque, &amp; da i Fi$ici, &amp; da i Filo$ofi, &amp; da i Sacerdoti giudicato, tutte
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12728 le co$e $tare in$ieme per la forza dell'acqua, io ho pen$ito (poi, che ne i primi
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12729 $ette uolumi e$po$te $ono le ragioni de gli edificij) in que$to douer$i delle in
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12730 uentioni dell'acque trattare, &amp; che forze habbino nelle propiet&agrave; de luoghi, &amp;
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12731 con che ragioni $i conduchino, &amp; come anchora quella $i proui. <I>Conclude per dimo$trare
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12732 la $ua intentione, &amp; in tre parole abbracciaun bel di$cor$o $opra l'acque dicendo.</I> Perci&ograve; che
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12733 ella &egrave; molto nece$$aria, &amp; alla uita, &amp; a i piaceri, &amp; all'u$o quotidiano.
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12734 <p><I>Alla uita egli l'ha dimo$trato di $opra: perche $enza l'humore &egrave;impe$$ibile mantener$i in ui-
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12735 ta: al piacere; qui la$cio di$correre a chi ha ueduto bell <02>imi $iti, acque, ru$celli, &amp; fonti, di quan-
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12736 to contento, &amp; diletto $ia la ui$ta di quelli: all'u$o, gli e$$erciti, gli a$$ediati, gli artefici, le cam
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12737 pagne, il mare, &amp; la terra finalmente dimo$tra l'u$o dell'acque, per&ograve; uerremo all'u$o $eguitando la
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12738 intentione, &amp; l'ordine di Vit.</I> Ma quella $ar&agrave; piu facile $e le fonti aperte, &amp; correnti $eranno.
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12739 <p><I>Tratta della inuentione dell'acque, &amp; rinchiude il $uo di$cor$o in questa $omma, che l'acque,
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12740 o uero $i trouano aperte, &amp; dalla natura dimostrate, come $ono i Fonti, i Fiumi, &amp; altre uene
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12741 aperte, &amp; manifeste, &amp; per&ograve; dice Vitru.</I> Ma quella &amp;c. <I>o uero $i trouano a$co$e, &amp; $ot-
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12742 terra, &amp; queste, o dalla forma, &amp; faccia del luogo $i trouano, &amp; gli inditij $ono prima e$posti
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12743 da Vitru. dicendo.</I>
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diff changeset
12744 <p>Ma $e non correranno deuc$i $otterra cercare i capi, &amp; raccoglierla. le quai co$e in
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12745 que$to modo deono e$$ere e$perimentate; che $te$o in terra alcuno con i denti appoggia-
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12746 ti prima, che il Sol na$ca doue l'acqua $i deue trouare, &amp; po$toin terra il mento, &amp; fermato
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12747 $opra un zocco piccolo $i riguardi il pae$e d'intorno: perche in que$to modo fermato il
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12748 mento la ui$ta non ander&agrave; piu alto eleuata del bi$ogno, ma con certo fine i pae$i a liuella-
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12749 ta altezza equale all'orizonte di$egner&agrave;. Allhora doue $i $corgeranno gli humori in $pe$-
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diff changeset
12750 $ir$i, &amp; incre$par$i in$ieme, &amp; in aere $olleuar$i iui bi$ogna cauare, perche que$to $egno
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12751 non $i puo fare in luogo $ecco.
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12752 <pb n="329">
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12753 <p><I>Et pone il modo dicendos che $e alcuno la mattina a buona hora $i $tender&agrave; in terra, &amp; guar-
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diff changeset
12754 der&agrave; per lo piano dell'orizonte, &amp; uedr&agrave; alcunifumi leuar$i dal terreno, &amp; incre$par$i come fa il
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diff changeset
12755 fumo, che e$ce dalle legna uerdi, quando hanno il fuoco di $otto, prender&agrave; inditio di acque, perche
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diff changeset
12756 doue e$alano que$ti uapori &egrave; $egno, che abbonda l'humore, ilquale &egrave; tirato dal Sole, &amp; que$to in-
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12757 ditio prendono anche quelli, che cauano le minere, perci&ograve; che, &amp; dalla quantit&agrave; del uapore, &amp;
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12758 dal colore prendono argomento della qualit&agrave; della minera; &amp; uuole Palladio, che que$ta proua $i
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12759 faccia nel me$e d'Ago$to. leggi tutta que$ta materia al $ettimo, &amp; ottauo capo della $ua agricol-
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diff changeset
12760 tura. Posto questo naturale inditio uiene Vitr. ad e$ponere quelli argomenti, che $i cauano dalla
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parents:
diff changeset
12761 qualit&agrave; della terra, &amp; dice.</I> Anche auuertir deue chi cerca l'acque, di che natura $ia il luo-
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diff changeset
12762 go. <I>Et ne rende la ragione dicendo.</I> Perche certi, &amp; determinati $ono i luoghi doue na-
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diff changeset
12763 $cono l'acque. <I>Et ci e$pone la natura de i luoghi, il che &egrave; facile nell'autore, &amp; non ha bi$ogno
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diff changeset
12764 di no$tra dichiaratione.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
12765 <p>Nella creta &egrave; $ottile, &amp; poca, &amp; non alta copia, &amp; quella non di ottimo $apore, &amp; co$i
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parents:
diff changeset
12766 &egrave; $ottile nel $abbione di$ciolto. ma $e ella $i trouer&agrave; in luoghi piu ba$si $ar&agrave; fango$a, &amp; in-
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parents:
diff changeset
12767 $uaue. Nella terra negra $i trouano $udori, &amp; $tille non gro$$e, lequali raccolte per le
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12768 pioggie del uerno ne gli $pe$si, &amp; $odi luoghi danno giu. que$ti $ono di ottimo $apore.
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12769 Dalla ghiara ueramente mediocri, &amp; non certe uene $i trouano, &amp; que$te $ono di mirabil
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parents:
diff changeset
12770 $oauit&agrave;, &amp; co$i ancora dal $abbione ma$chio, dall'arena, &amp; dal carbonchio piu certe, &amp; piu
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parents:
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12771 $tabili $ono le copie dell'acque, &amp; que$te $ono di buon $apore. Dal $a$$o ro$$o, &amp; abbon-
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parents:
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12772 danti, &amp; buone uengono, $e tra le uene non $correranno, &amp; non $coleranno, ma $otto le
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parents:
diff changeset
12773 radici de i monti, &amp; ne i $elici piu copio$i, &amp; piu abbondanti, &amp; que$te piu fredde, &amp; piu
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12774 $ane: ma ne i fonti campe$tri $al$e $ono, graui, tepide &amp; in$oaui, $e non romperanno ue-
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12775 nendo da i monti $otterra nel mezo de i campi: &amp; quelle hanno la $oauit&agrave; dell'acque mon
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parents:
diff changeset
12776 tane, che $ono coperte d'intorno da gli alberi. Ma i $egnia che maniere di terre $otto $tan-
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parents:
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12777 no le acque, oltra i $opra$critti, que$ti $aranno: $e egli $i trouer&agrave; che ci na$ca il $ottil Giun-
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parents:
diff changeset
12778 co, la Salice erratica, l'Alno, il Vitice, l'Arundine, l'Hedere, &amp; altre co$e $imiglianti, che
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12779 non po$$ono uenire in luce, n&egrave; nutrir$i da $e $enza l'humore. Sogliono le $te$$e co$e e$$er
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12780 nate nelle Lacune, le qua li $tando anche oltra il re$to del campo riceuono l'acque delle
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12781 pioggie, &amp; per lo uerno ne i campi, &amp; lungamente per la capacit&agrave; con$eruano l'humore: al-
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12782 le quai co$e non $i deue dare fede, ma in quei pae$i, &amp; in quelle terre, doue non $ono lagu-
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12783 ne, &amp; che na$cono per natura, &amp; non per $emente, iui $i deue l'acqua cercare. <I>Ma quello,
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12784 che appartiene alla industria dell'huomo per trouar l'acque &egrave; toccato da Vitr. dicendo.</I>
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parents:
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12785 <p>Ma in quei luoghi, ne i quali $imili inuentioni non $aranno $ignificate, in que$to modo
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parents:
diff changeset
12786 $i deono e$perimentare. Caui$i per ogni uer$o il luogo alto piedi tre, largo non meno di
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parents:
diff changeset
12787 piedi cinque, &amp; in e$$o po$to $ia uer$o il tramontar del Sole uno bacile di Rame, o di Piom
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parents:
diff changeset
12788 bo, o uero una conca. di que$ti quello, che $ar&agrave; pronto uoglio, che $i unga dentro di oglio,
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parents:
diff changeset
12789 &amp; riuer$o $i metta, &amp; la bocca della caua $ia di canne, o di frondi coperta, &amp; di $opra ui $i
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parents:
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12790 metta della terra, dipoi il giorno $eguente $ia $coperta, &amp; $e nel ua$o $aranno goccie, &amp; $u-
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12791 dori que$to luogo hauer&agrave; dell'acqua. Appre$$o $e uno ua$o fatto di creta non cotta in
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12792 quella caua con quella ragione $ar&agrave; coperto, &amp; $e quel luogo hauer&agrave; dell'acqua e$$endo
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parents:
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12793 poi $coperto, il ua$o $ar&agrave; humido, &amp; anche $i di$cioglier&agrave; dall'humore. &amp; $e in quella caua
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parents:
diff changeset
12794 $i mettera una ciocca di lana, &amp; nel d&igrave; $eguente $ar&agrave; $truccata l'acqua di quella, dimo$tre-
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parents:
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12795 r&agrave; quel luogo hauer copia di acqua. Ne meno auuerr&agrave; $e ui $ar&agrave; acconcia una lucerna, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
12796 piena d'oglio, &amp; acce$a, &amp; in quel luogo coperta, &amp; nel di $eguente non $ar&agrave; a$ciugata, ma
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parents:
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12797 hauer&agrave; li auanzi dell'oglio, &amp; del papero, &amp; e$$a $i trouer&agrave; humida, dar&agrave; $egno d'abbonda-
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12798 za d'acqua. per che ogni tepore a $e tira gli humori: Anche, $e in quel luogo $ar&agrave; fatto fuo-
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12799 co, &amp; molto ri$caldata la terra, &amp; adu$ta, &amp; da $e $u$citer&agrave; un uapore nebulo$o, que$to
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12800 luogo hauer&agrave; dell'acqua. Poi che tai co$e in que$to modo tentate $aranno, &amp; ritrouati i
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12801 <pb n="330">
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12802 $egni $opra$critti, allhora in quel luogo $i deue cauare il pozzo: &amp; $e egli $i trouer&agrave; il capo
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12803 dell'acqua, anche piu pozzi d'intorno $i deono cauare, &amp; tutti per una caua in un luogo
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12804 $te$$o $i deono condurre. <I>Argomenti del $ito, &amp; forma del luogo.</I>
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12805 <p>Et que$te co$e ne i monti, nelle regioni Settentrionali $pecialmente $i deono cercare,
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parents:
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12806 perci&ograve; che in quelli, &amp; piu dolci, &amp; piu $ane, &amp; piu copio$e $ono le acque: imperoche $o-
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parents:
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12807 no riuolte dal cor$o del Sole; &amp; per&ograve; in tai luoghi gli alberi $ono $pe$si, &amp; le $elue, &amp; i
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12808 monti hanno l'ombre loro o$tanti, che i raggi del Sole a terra diritti, non uenghino, n&egrave;
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12809 po$sino a$ciugare gli humori. Gli $patij an che de i monti riceuono le pioggie, &amp; per la
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12810 $pe$$ezza delle $elue iui le neui dall'ombre de gli alberi, &amp; de i monti lungamente $i con$er-
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12811 uano, dapoi liquefatte colano per le uene della terra, &amp; co$i peruengono alle intime ra-
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12812 dici de i monti, da i quali erompeno gli $correnti cor$i de i fonti. Al contrario ne i luo-
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12813 ghi campe$tri, &amp; piani, hauer non $i po$$ono le copie dell'acque, &amp; $e pure $ono, al meno
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12814 mal $ane $i trouano, per lo uehemente impeto del Sole, perche niuna ombra gli o$ta, bo-
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parents:
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12815 gliendo a$ciuga l'humore de i campi, &amp; $e iui $ono acque apparenti, di quelle la $ottili$-
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12816 $ima parte dalla $ottile $alubrit&agrave; l'aere rimouendo, &amp; leuando porta nello impeto del
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12817 cielo, &amp; quelle, che dure $ono, &amp; graui$sime, &amp; in$uaui, quelle (dico) la$ciate $ono ne i
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12818 fonti campe$tri.
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12819 <p><I>Non $empre la natura con larghi fiumi, con $pe$$e fonti, o con aperti inditij ci dimo$tra l'ab-
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12820 bondanza dell'acque, ma $pe$$o tra le ui$cere della terra, come $angue nelle uene, raccoglie l'ac-
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12821 que, &amp; per luoghi a$co$i, le conduce: per&ograve; uolendo noi con indu$tria ritrouare quello, che la na-
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12822 tura ci tiene a$co$ o, &agrave; quello prouede Vitr. nel pre$ente luogo, &amp; ci in$egna di ritrouare gli indi-
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12823 tij, quando la natura non ce li mo$tra$$e, &amp; a cauare i pozzi, ne i quali &egrave; d'auuertire, che non $i
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12824 troua l'acqua, $e prima non $i ua tanto $otto, che ci $tia il letto del fiume $opra, &amp; oltra di que$to
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diff changeset
12825 ci uuole indu$tria per fuggir il pericolo, che il terreno non cada, o che la e$alatione non ci offenda,
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diff changeset
12826 perche bene $pe$$o dal terreno cauato e$cono alcuni ueneno$i, &amp; pe$tiferi uapori, come ben $anno
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diff changeset
12827 quelli, che cauano le minere, a i quali in que$to ca$o $i deue dimandar con$iglio, &amp; Vitru. con que-
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12828 $to ci conchiude il trattamento dell'inuentione dell'acque, &amp; Plinio, &amp; Palladio, &amp; molti altri
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12829 $e ne hanno $eruito &agrave; punto di questo libro.</I>
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diff changeset
12830 <HEAD><I>Dell'acque delle pioggie. Cap. II.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
12831 <HEAD><I>Qui tratta della natura dell'acque, &amp; prima delle piouane, &amp; poi dell'altre.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
12832 <p>Adunque l'acqua dalle pioggie raccolta &egrave; migliore, &amp; piu $ana: imperoche pri-
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diff changeset
12833 ma da uapori piu $ottili, &amp; leggieri da tutte le fonti $i $ceglie, dapoi per la com
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diff changeset
12834 motione dello aere colando$i, &amp; disfacendo$i per le tempe$tati uer$o la terra
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diff changeset
12835 di$cende. Oltra che non co$i $pe$$o ne i piani pioue, come ne i monti, &amp; al-
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diff changeset
12836 le $ommit&agrave;, perche gli humori la mattina dal na$cimento del Sole commo$si, u$citi dalla
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diff changeset
12837 terra, in qualunque parte del cielo, che piegano, $o$pingono lo aere, dapoi quando agita-
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12838 ti $ono, accioche non $i dia luogo, che uoto $ia, tirano dopo $e l'onde dello aere, lequali
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12839 con pre$tezza, &amp; forza gli uanno dictro. In quel mezo lo aere precipito$o $cacciando
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diff changeset
12840 l'humore, che gli $ta dinanzi in ogni luogo, fa che i $offi, gli impeti, &amp; l'onde anche de i
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12841 uenti cre$chino grandemente; per il che poi gli humori da i uenti $o$pinti, &amp; in$ieme ri-
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diff changeset
12842 $tretti per tutto portati $ono, &amp; dalle fonti de i fiumi, dalle paludi, &amp; dal mare, quando
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12843 $ono dal caldo del Sole toccati, $i cauano, &amp; a que$to modo le nubi da terra $i leuano, que-
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12844 $te rinforzate con lo aere, che $i muoue, &amp; ondeggia, quando peruengono a i luoghi alti, &amp;
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12845 <pb n="331">
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12846 rileuati, come $ono i monti, percioche in quelli impedimenti $ieramente s'incontrano,
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12847 per e$$ere dalle procelle cacciati, liquefacendo$i $i dileguano, come graui, &amp; pieni, che
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diff changeset
12848 $ono, &amp; a que$to modo $opra la terra $i diffondeno. Ma che i uapori, le nebbie, &amp; gli
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12849 humori e$cano dalla terra: que$ta ragione ci appare, perche la terra dentro di $e raccoglie,
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12850 &amp; calori feruenti, &amp; $piriti uehementi, &amp; anche freddi, &amp; grande moltitudine di acque:
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parents:
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12851 dapoi quando per la notte $i raffredda per le norturne tenebre na$ceno i $iati de i uenti, &amp;
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12852 da i luoghi humidi na$ceno le nebbie, &amp; $i leuano in alto, onde poi na$cendo il $ole col
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12853 $uo calore tocca la terra, indi lo aere fortemente dal Sole ri$caldato con l'acque a$$otti-
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12854 gliate leua gli humori dalla terra. Appre$$o la ragione anche prenderemo l'e$$empio da i
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12855 bagni, percioche niuna uolta, oue $ono i caldai, puo hauere i fonti di $opra, ma il cielo,
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12856 che &egrave; iui fabricato, per la bocca dal uapore del fuoco ri$caldato, leua l'acque da i pauimen
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12857 ti, &amp; quella $eco porta nelle curuature delle uolte, &amp; iui $o$pe$a, &amp; in pendente tiene: per
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12858 che il caldo uapore di $ua natura $empre in alto $i caccia; &amp; da prima perche &egrave; $ottile, &amp;
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12859 lieue non $i rila$cia, ma poi, che piu d'humore $e li aggiunge, &amp; piu den$o diuiene, come
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12860 da maggior pe$o grauato, non $i puo piu $o$tenere, ma gocciola $opra le te$te di chi $i la-
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12861 ua; co$i dalla $te$$a cagionel aere del cielo dal Sole ri$caldato, da tutti i luoghi a $e tira gli
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parents:
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12862 humori, &amp; quelli alle nubi raccoglie. Imperoche co$i la terra toccata dal feruore, man-
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parents:
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12863 da fuori i uapori, come il corpo humano per lo caldo rila$cia il $udore: &amp; di cio fede ci
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parents:
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12864 fanno i uenti, de i quali quelli, che $ono da freddi$sime parti generati, come &egrave; Borea, &amp;
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12865 Tramontana $pirano nello aere $piriti attenuati per lo $ecco, ma l'O$tro, &amp; gli altri, che
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12866 dal cor$o del Sole prendeno le forze loro, humidi$simi $ono, &amp; $empre $eco portano le
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12867 pioue, perche ri$caldati $i parteno da regioni feruenti, &amp; per tutto qua$i leuando furano
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12868 gli humori, &amp; co$i poi li di$pergeno alle parti $ettentrionali. Ma che le predette co$e a
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12869 tal modo $i facciano, prende$i argomento, &amp; fede da i capi de fiumi, i quali nelle partico
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12870 lari de$crittioni de i luoghi dipinti, &amp; da molti $critti nel giro della terra la piu parte, &amp; &iacute;
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12871 piu grandi $i trouano u$cire dalle parti del $etttentrione. Prima nella India il Gange, &amp;
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12872 lo Indo na$ceno dal monte Cauca$o; nella Siria il Tigre, &amp; lo Eufrate; nell'A$ia, &amp; nel
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12873 Ponto, il Bori$tene, l'Hipani, la Tana, il Colchi, &amp; il Pha$i; nella Gallia il Rodano;
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12874 nella Borgogna il Reno; di qua dall'Alpi di Timauo, il P&ograve;; nella Italia il <G>*g</G>euere; nella
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12875 Mauru$ia, che da i no$tri &egrave; Mauritania nominata, dal monte Atlante il fiume Diri, il qua
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12876 le nato dalla parte $ettentrionale $corre di lungo per l'occidente al lago Eptabolo, &amp; mu-
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12877 tando il nome Nigir $i dimanda: dapoi dal lago Eptabolo $otto di$erti monti pa$$ando per
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12878 i luoghi meridionali $orge, &amp; entra nella palude Coloe, la quale circonda Meroe d'intor-
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12879 no, che &egrave; il regno de gli Ethiopi meridiani; &amp; da quelle paludi raggirando$i per li fiumi
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12880 A$ta$oba, &amp; A$tabora, &amp; molti altri per li monti peruiene alla cataratta, &amp; da quella
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12881 precipitando $i giugne tra la Elephantida, &amp; Siene, &amp; in Egitto tra i campi di Thebe, &amp;
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12882 iui Nilo $i chiama. Ma che dalla Mauritania uenga il capo del Nilo da quello $omamen-
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12883 te $i cono$ce, che dall'altra parte del monte Atlante ci $ono altri capi, che $imigliantemen
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12884 te $correndo uanno all'Oceano occidentale, &amp; iui na$ceno gl'Ichneumoni, &amp; i Cocodril
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12885 li, &amp; altre $imili nature di be$tie, &amp; di pe$ci oltra gli Hippopotami. Quando adunque $ia,
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12886 che tutti i grandi$simi fiumi nelle de$crittioni del mondo ci pareno hauere origine dalle
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12887 parti $ettentrionali, &amp; i campi Africani, i quali dalle parti meridiane $ottopo$ti $ono al
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12888 cor$o del Sole habbino in fatto na$co$i gli humori, rari fiumi, &amp; non molte fonti: re$ta,
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12889 che molto migliori $i trouino i capi delle fonti, che alla Tramontana, &amp; a Borea riguarda
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12890 no; $e per&ograve; in luogo pieno di $olfo non $i incontrano, &amp; che ci $ia dell'allume, o del bitu-
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12891 me: imperoche $i mutano allhora, &amp; fuori mandano o acque calde, o fredde di cattiuo
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12892 odore, &amp; di tri$to $apore, perche dell'acqua calda non &egrave; alcuna propriet&agrave;, ma quando la
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12893 fredda incorre in luogo ardente, bolle, et ri$caldata molto fuori per le uene e$ce $opra la
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12894 <foot><I>XX</I></foot>
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12895 <pb n="332">
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parents:
diff changeset
12896 terra, &amp; per&ograve; lungamente $tar non puo, ma in poco tempo diuenta fredda, imperoche $e
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12897 di natura $ua calda fu$$e, il $uo calore non $i raffredderebbe; ma con tutto non $e le rende
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12898 per&ograve;, n&egrave; il colore, n&egrave; il $apore, n&egrave; l'odore di prima, perche egli &egrave; gia per la $ua rarit&agrave; in-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12899 tento, &amp; me$colato.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12900 <p><I>Vitr. in que$to luogo &egrave; chiaro, &amp; dice molte belle co$e, &amp; $pecialmente parlando del fiume
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12901 detto Nigir, che hoggi$i chiama il fiume di Senega, che per A$rica ua uer$o ponente nell'Ocea-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12902 no, il quale fa gli $te$$i effetti, che fa il Nilo, cre$ce, &amp; produce gli animali, che $opra il Nilo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12903 $i uedono. Narra la generatione delle pioggie, &amp; con e$$empi lo dimostra, &amp; parla della gene
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12904 ratione delle fonti, et de i fiumi. noi per diletto porremo qui $otto i uer$i tratti delle no$tre meteore.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12905 <p><I>Chiunque niega che'l ualor cele$te
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12906 Formar non po$$a la mondana cera,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12907 Certo $ua mente d'ignoranza ue$te.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12908 <p><I>Et $e'l mio dir $alda ragion'auera
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12909 Spero mo$trar, ch'il lume, &amp; l'influenza,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12910 E'l mouimento han qui lor forza uera.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12911 <p><I>Quando che'l Sol da noi fa $ua partenza.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12912 Ouer ritorna ad albergar col $egno,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12913 In cui comincia a mostrar $ua potenza:</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12914 <p><I>Chi non cono$ce al uariar del $egno
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12915 Delle co$e uolubili, &amp; non uede
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12916 Come faccia il terren'hor uoto, hor pregno?</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12917 <p><I>Quand'a mostrar $ua bella faccia riede
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12918 Non &egrave; $i ar$iccio, &amp; arido ce$puglio
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12919 Che non rinuerdi, &amp; non ne faccia fede.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12920 <p><I>Ma quando poi piu bolle il caldo Giuglio,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12921 Ogni $ement'al maturar s'appresta
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12922 Per far maggior ognino$tro pecuglio.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12923 <p><I>D'indi trahendo la dorata cre$ta,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12924 La$ciand'i no$tri per contrari alberghi,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12925 Gia la morte dell'anno &egrave; manife$ta.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12926 <p><I>N&egrave;$olpar, ch'alla uita in alto s'erghi,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12927 O per morir $i pieghi ogni germoglio
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12928 S'auien che'l Sol'o quiui, o altrou' alberghi;</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12929 <p><I>Ma quand' anchor $opr'il cele$te $oglio
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12930 Alcun pianeta i dritti raggi uibra,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12931 Chabbia uirt&ugrave; contraria a fredddo $coglio:</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12932 <p><I>Non equalmente i primi corpi libra,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12933 Ma i due piu lieui raddoppiando moue
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12934 Con di$eguale, &amp; $temperata libra.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12935 <p><I>Ma Saturno, &amp; Mercur o fan lor proue
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12936 Contrarie a quelle, &amp; $tando $opra noi
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12937 Fan che laterra, &amp; l'acqua $i rinoue.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12938 <p><I>Perche fredd'&egrave; lor forza, &amp; fredde poi
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12939 Sono le qualitati indi cadute
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12940 Per gli humidi, &amp; gelati influ$$i $uoi.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12941 <p><I>Non che nel ciel, ch'&egrave; padre di $alute,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12942 Ardor', ogelo $ia, come qui ba$$o,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12943 Ma perche tal &egrave; $ua forza, &amp; uirtute.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12944 <p><I>N&egrave; dietro per&ograve; dei uolger'il pa$$o,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12945 Se dico gli elementi e$$er maggiori,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12946 Perche n&egrave; in que$to uerit&agrave; trapa$$o.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12947 <p><I>Che $e del fuoco accre$ceno gli ardori
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12948 In una parte, poi nell'altra $ono
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12949 Proportionatament'ancho minori.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12950 <p><I>Et que$t'&egrave; di natura un largo dono,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12951 Che quant'iui ripiglia, qui ripone,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12952 E in cio concorda quell'eterno $uono.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12953 <p><I>Ma noi $eguend'il uer della ragione
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12954 Gia cominciata, altronde piglieremo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12955 Da far piu forte no$tra oppenione.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12956 <p><I>Vede$i adunque dal ualor $upremo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12957 Del Ciel tirar$i in giro il fuoco, &amp; l'onda
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12958 E'l corpo, ch'&egrave;tra que$to, &amp; quell'e$tremo.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12959 <p><I>Il calor grand' allhor molto piu abbonda,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12960 Quando la Luna nella parte oppo$ta
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12961 Al Sol dimo$tra la $ua faccia tonda.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12962 <p><I>L'antichi$$imo $pirto, che s'acco$ta
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12963 Alla ruota maggior, ferma laterra,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12964 Che non riuolge n&egrave; lato, n&egrave; co$ta,</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12965 <p><I>Et quel pianeta, ch'&egrave; $opra la guerra,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12966 (Odi cagion di nuoua merauiglia,)
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12967 Tra i primi corpi l'agguaglianza $erra.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12968 <p><I>Appre$$o anchor la nobile famiglia,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12969 I metalli, le pietre, &amp; l'altre co$e
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12970 Come propie ricchezze in guarda piglia.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12971 <p><I>N&egrave; $i puon dire le uirtuti a$co$e
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12972 Ne gli animai, nell'acque, &amp; nelle piante,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12973 Ch'a merauiglia $on merauiglio$e.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12974 <p><I>La$ciamo dunque a dietro il mondo errante,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12975 Et $eguitiam'a dir, cio che da humore
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12976 Si fa qua giu con apparenze tante.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12977 <p><I>Surge da terra l humido uapore
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12978 Tratto dal Sol'alla men calda $tanza,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12979 Ea poco a poco prende piu uigore.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12980 <p><I>E in que$to $patio fa gran raur anza
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12981 <pb>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12982 Tanto, che $i conden$a, &amp; $i ri$trigne
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12983 In folta nebbia, &amp; di nera $embianza,</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12984 <p><I>Il freddo &egrave; la cagion, che la co$trigne
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12985 Come $ponga, che d'acqua piena $ia
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12986 Spreme l'humor, che la terra dipigne.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12987 <p><I>Tal'hor minute $on le goccie in uia,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12988 Tal'hor piu gro$$e, come che'l $oggetto
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12989 Piu copio$o, o meno $i di$uia.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12990 <p><I>Et$pe$$o l'aer puro in $e ri$tretto,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12991 Da potenza $upern'in pioggia uolto,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12992 Acqua giu manda piena di diletto.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12993 <p><I>Que$ta nel grembo della terr'accolto,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12994 Pregna la rende, ond'ella poi s'infiora,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12995 E in uerdeggiante gonna ha il $en'in uolto.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12996 <p><I>Po$cia Vertunno, con Pomona, &amp; Flora
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12997 E'l padre Bacco, &amp; mill'antichi numi,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12998 Lodan'il Sol, che $i bell'anno honora.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
12999 <p><I>Ma quando l' aer riuers'i $uoi fiumi,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13000 Come da i monti delle nubi aperte,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13001 Con $pa<*>ento$i, e horribili co$tumi.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13002 <p><I>Et $on le uoci $trepito$e in$erte
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13003 Del mormorar', e in ogni parte rugge
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13004 Con fiamme $par$e, mobili, &amp; incerte:</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13005 <p><I>Cio na$ce dal $offiar, ch'intorno mugge,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13006 Et con gran forza indura il fo$co nembo,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13007 Ch'impatiente del legame fugge.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13008 <p><I>Per&ograve; $i uede hor angulo$o, hor gembo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13009 L'a$petto della nube intorno cinta
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13010 Da $i feroc', e impetuo$o lembo.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13011 <p><I>Ma perche $ia la mia ragion di$tinta,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13012 Dir&ograve; de $egni della pioggia, &amp; quali
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13013 Et quanti $on con mae$treuol tinta.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13014 <p><I>Chi ued'il fumo con $ue turbid'ali
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13015 Salir'al Cielo, &amp; apparir in forma
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13016 Di nebbia, o di uapori, o fumi tali',</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13017 <p><I>Puo giudicar $enz'hauer altra norma
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13018 Che l'aer pregno a piouer s'apparecchi,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13019 Che raro in altra co$a $i trasforma.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13020 <p><I>Quand'anche dietro a gli humidi, &amp; rubecchi
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13021 Vapor'il Sol ro$$eggia in oriente,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13022 Segn'&egrave; di pioggia, &amp; di $uoi molli $pecchi.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13023 <p><I>Il gracidar della fango$a gente,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13024 Et d'alcun'uccelletti il canto mo$tra
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13025 La piu gro$$a rugiada e$$er pre$ente.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13026 <p><I>L'auida pecorell'anche il dimo$tra
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13027 Col $uo mor$o bramo$o, &amp; l'arrogante
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13028 Mo$ca, che $empre uuol uincer la gio$tra,</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13029 <p><I>Lo $cintillar delle lucerne innante,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13030 Inditio d'acqua copio$a porge,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13031 Et l'humido del muro circo$tante.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13032 <p><I>Quando con men liquor'il fonte $orge,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13033 Et con cor$o men fort'il fium'&egrave; mo$$o,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13034 Vn buon giuditio del piouer s'accorge.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13035 <p><I>Mill'altri $egni$on, che dir non po$$o,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13036 In breue$patio, &amp; da quei $aui inte$i,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13037 Ch'affatican del mar l'humido do$$o.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13038 <p><I>Molti ne $on da agricoltori appre$i,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13039 Et molti ancor dalle genti, che $anno
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13040 L'u$anza, &amp; i costumi de pae$i,</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13041 <p><I>Ch'&egrave; inanzi il ca$o il $ucce$$o diranno.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13042 <HEAD><I>CAPITOLO.</I></HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13043 <p><I>L'anima $emplicetta, che di$cende
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13044 Dalla cele$t'alla terrena $tanza,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13045 A$$ai meno, che prim'il uero apprende,</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13046 <p><I>Perche di$tolta dalla prim'u$anza,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13047 Rinchiu$a come Danae nel fondo,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13048 Viue della mi$errima ignoranza.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13049 <p><I>Il benigno $uo padre, che nel mondo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13050 Volle mandarla del $uo amore acce$o
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13051 Si cangia in Oro lucid', &amp; fecondo.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13052 <p><I>L'oro e'l $aper', &amp; il bel uero inte$o,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13053 Che da benigno influ$$o nella mente
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13054 Faricco l'huomo $oura Mida, o Cre$o.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13055 <p><I>Cos'il perduto bene tra la gente
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13056 Del$ecolo $i trou', &amp; $iracqui$ta,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13057 Ma non $enza fatica, o $tudio ardente.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13058 <p><I>Ben'&egrave; la cono$cenza alquanto mi$ta
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13059 Da fanta$ime, &amp; forme, che dal $en$o
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13060 Na$cono in noi dall'udit', &amp; la ui$ta.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13061 <p><I>Trouas'infine dallo $tudio immen$o
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13062 Co$i puro &amp; purgato l'intelletto,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13063 Che rend'a Gioue l'honorato cen$o.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13064 <p><I>Que$to $i uede chiar da quel, che ho detto,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13065 Ch'oltr' il bel uer delle notitie prime
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13066 Da gli accidenti na$ce il uer concetto.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13067 <p><I>Que$tin'han fatto con $cienze opime
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13068 Tornar delle materie, nelle quali
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13069 La forza del calor uero s'imprime.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13070 <p><I>I lampi, le comete, i fuochi tali
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13071 Per le co$e ui$ibili$on fatti
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13072 Agl'intelletti de gli huomini eguali.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13073 <p><I>Et gli humidi uapor' anche $on tratti
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13074 Per l'accidente alla notitia no$tra,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13075 Come $i fanno, &amp; come $on disfatti.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13076 <foot><I>XX</I> 2</foot>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13077 <pb n="334">
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13078 <p><I>Hor $egue quello, che mia mu$a mo$tra,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13079 Della rugiada dir', &amp; della brina
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13080 Et del re$to con$orm'a $imil mo$tra.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13081 <p><I>Dolce calor dalla luce diuina
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13082 Dolcemente un uapor lieua dal piano,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13083 Nella parte dell'aer piu nicina.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13084 <p><I>La notte col $uo freddo uelo, &amp; piano
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13085 Re$tringe quel uapor', &amp; quell'inuoglie
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13086 In gocciole conner$o a man'a mano.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13087 <p><I>Quest' all'herbette, a i fior', &amp; alle foglie
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13088 Tremolando s'acco$ta, &amp; nel mattino,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13089 I bei raggi del Sol, qual $pecchio accoglie.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13090 <p><I>Simil uapor'fa il gelo mattutino;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13091 Ma perch'il gelo &egrave; piu potente, &amp; forte,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13092 Per&ograve; $i strigne &amp; diuenta piu fino.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13093 <p><I>Spe$$o $i $ono le per$one accorte
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13094 Ch'al ba$$o la rugiada $i conden$a
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13095 Per non e$$er calor, ch'alto la porte.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13096 <p><I>Perche $edend'a diletteuol men$a
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13097 Ne bei prati la $era, hanno $entito,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13098 Che tal uapor di $otto $i di$pen$a.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13099 <p><I>Il luogo, &amp; la $tagion fanno l'inuito
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13100 A que$t'impre$$ion, che $pe$s' amaro
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13101 Et $pe<02>'ha dolc'il gu$to, &amp; $aporito.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13102 <p><I><10>'hebbe gia un cibo precio$o &amp; caro,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13103 Simil alla rugiada, far per fede,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13104 Quanto puo il aielo con inditio chiaro.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13105 <p><I>Ne'la di$erta piaggia oue non uede
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13106 Na$cer herbette il Sol', o $orger fonte,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13107 Fa fatt'un popol d'ogni cibo herede.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13108 <p><I>Col gu$to lor', &amp; con le uoglie pronte
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13109 Vn'e$ca $ol'haueua ogni $apore,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13110 Odi co$e incredibili, ma conte.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13111 <p><I>Er'un pae$e, ou'il diuin fauore
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13112 Conduceua la gent'a Dio diletta,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13113 Sott'il ue$$illo d'un gran conduttore.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13114 <p><I>In quello in uece d'acqua pura, &amp; neta,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13115 Candido latte, &amp; dolce mel correa,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13116 Ogni co$a in $uo grado era perfetta:</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13117 <p><I>Ma giugner prima, ou'andar $i douea
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13118 Senza fatica, &amp; camin a$pro, &amp; pieno
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13119 D'ogni di$agio, &amp; mal non $i potea.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13120 <p><I>Il popol $i $entiua uenir meno,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13121 Et della uita &amp; delle $ue $peranze,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13122 Et al mal dire non haueua freno.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13123 <p><I>Il capitano alle cele$ti $tanze
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13124 Cli occhi, &amp; le palme humilmente uolgendo,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13125 Preg&ograve;, $econdo le $ue antiche u$anze.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13126 <p><I>Padre (dicea) del ciel $e ben comprendo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13127 Hauer condotta la tua gente in loco,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13128 Oue la morte $enza te n'attendo.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13129 <p><I>Tu, che parti$ti gli elementi, e al fuoco
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13130 Seggio $ublime, &amp; piu capace de$ti
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13131 E'l troppo al mezo riduce$ti, e'l poco:</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13132 <p><I>Pur'io confido ne i miei uoti hone$ti,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13133 Che $on fondati nelle tue prome$$e,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13134 Che grat'il no$tro male non haure$ti.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13135 <p><I>Meco $on que$te genti, &amp; io con e$$e,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13136 E$$e alla mia, &amp; io $to alla tua uoce,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13137 Voce, che $ta nelle tue uoglie $te$$e.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13138 <p><I>Ecco l'a$pro $entier quanto lenoce,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13139 Quant'&egrave; l'error fallace delle $trade,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13140 Quat'&egrave; la fame indomita, &amp; atroce.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13141 <p><I>Tu $ei la uia, tu $ei la ueritade,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13142 Tu $ei la uita, per&ograve; dolce padre
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13143 Mo$traci il uer camino per pietade.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13144 <p><I>Porg'il cibo bramato alle tue $quadre,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13145 Et fa, che $i comprenda, che ne $ei
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13146 Pre$ente, con que$t'opere leggiadre.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13147 <p><I>Vd&igrave; la uoce il padre de gli Dei
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13148 Del Capitan fedele, &amp; $uo gran duolo,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13149 Mo$tr&ograve; quant'ama i buoni, &amp; odia i rei.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13150 <p><I>Per&ograve; chiamand'il $uo beato $tuolo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13151 Quello, ch'il $uo uoler'in terra $piega,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13152 Einnant'ogn'hor li $t&agrave; con dolce uolo.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13153 <p><I>Di$$egli, poi ch'al giu$to non $i niega
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13154 Giu$ta dimanda, hor gite oue $i $erua
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13155 L'ambro$ia no$tra, e'l nettare $i lega</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13156 <p><I>Ne i ua$i eterni, in eterna con$erua:
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13157 Di que$ta $opra la di$erta piaggia,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13158 Oue il popolo mio la fame $nerua,</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13159 <p><I>Tanta dal Ciel per ogni uer$o caggia,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13160 Ch'ogn'un'il $eno $i riempi, &amp; goda
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13161 N&egrave; ui $ia tribu, ch'in copia non n'haggia.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13162 <p><I>Ecco una $chiera di quei $pirti $noda
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13163 Le cele$ti uiuande giu dal cielo,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13164 Piouen quell'e$ca, per ch'ognun la roda.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13165 <p><I>L'afflitta turba, che dal chiaro uelo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13166 Del bel $eren'intorno, uede &amp; mira
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13167 Scender'il dolce, &amp; tra$parente gelo,</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13168 <p><I>De$io$a la coglie, &amp; pon giu l'ira,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13169 Che la fame nodri$ce, &amp; $ene $atia
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13170 Con merauiglia, &amp; quanto puo re$pira.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13171 <p><I>L'alto $tupor di co$i rara gratia
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13172 Conduce a dir'ogn'un, che cos'&egrave; que$ta?
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13173 Qual boccanon fia $tanca pria, che $atia?</I>
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diff changeset
13174 <pb n="335">
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diff changeset
13175 <p><I>La uoglia ogni $apor'in quella de$ta,
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diff changeset
13176 Per&ograve; $ene contenta ogni palato,
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diff changeset
13177 Ogni gu$to s'aqueta, &amp; $ene re$ta.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13178 <p><I>Benedetto $ia'l Ciel, che ci&ograve; n'ha dato,
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parents:
diff changeset
13179 Et $e ben quella uolta fu corte$e,
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13180 Qualche parte per&ograve; n'ha anchor la$ciato.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
13181 <p><I>Ma ben benign'&egrave; l'aria in quel pae$e,
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parents:
diff changeset
13182 Che cio ne manda per $anar gl'infermi
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diff changeset
13183 Di uari mali lor', &amp; uarie offe$e:</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
13184 <p><I>Ma qui conuien che'l mio cantar $i fermi.</I>
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diff changeset
13185 <HEAD><I>CAPITOLO.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
13186 <p><I>Com'il calor delle $operne $pere
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diff changeset
13187 Leua il uapor dalla terrena $corza,
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diff changeset
13188 Detto s'&egrave; prima con $entenze uere.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
13189 <p><I>La bianca neue il uerno $i rinforza
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diff changeset
13190 Come $uol far la $tate la tempe$ta,
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diff changeset
13191 In cui uirtu maggior $i mo$tra, &amp; forza.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
13192 <p><I>Humido, &amp; caldo fumo al Ciel $i de$ta
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diff changeset
13193 Et nella meza region s'inalza
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diff changeset
13194 Ri$trett'in nube chiara, &amp; manife$ta.</I>
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diff changeset
13195 <p><I>Quella il uapor debilemente inalza,
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parents:
diff changeset
13196 Che per e$$er $ottile, &amp; gia di$per$o
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parents:
diff changeset
13197 Come candida lana $i di$calza.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
13198 <p><I>Onde s'imbianca tutto l'uniuer$o,
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parents:
diff changeset
13199 L'aere pregno d'ogni intorno fiocca,
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parents:
diff changeset
13200 Le bianche falde dell'humor con$per$o.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
13201 <p><I>Ma con piu furia, &amp; piu durezza tocca
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13202 La grandine gelata i tetti, e i colmi,
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diff changeset
13203 Et con horror, &amp; $trepito trabocca.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
13204 <p><I>Onde $i $pezzan con le uiti gli olmi,
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parents:
diff changeset
13205 Le biade a terra uanno con durezza,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13206 Del gelido cri$tal, ch'a dirlo duolmi.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
13207 <p><I>Muor'ogni pianta alla temperie auuezza,
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diff changeset
13208 E'l contadin di $ue $peranze cade,
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13209 N&egrave; piu $e $te$$o o $ua famiglia apprezza.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
13210 <p><I>Que$to $trano accidente allhor accade,
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parents:
diff changeset
13211 Quand'ha piu forz'il Sol, per&ograve; ch'ei lieua
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parents:
diff changeset
13212 L'humor in altre piu fredde contrade.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13213 <p><I>Che non $on quelle, oue $i fa laneua,
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parents:
diff changeset
13214 La brina, &amp; la rugiada forza piglia
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parents:
diff changeset
13215 Per que$to, &amp; quel contrario, che l'aggreua.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
13216 <p><I>N&egrave; di ci&ograve; prender dei piu merauiglia,
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parents:
diff changeset
13217 Perche l'e$tate, piu che'l uerno gela,
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parents:
diff changeset
13218 La regione ou'il uapor s'appiglia.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13219 <p><I>Ardon gli e$tremi, e'l mezo $i congela,
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parents:
diff changeset
13220 N&egrave; potendo fuggir'i $uoi nemici,
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13221 Ri$trett'in $e mede$imo $i cela.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
13222 <HEAD><I>Dell'acque calde, et che forze hanno da diuer$i metalli don-
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parents:
diff changeset
13223 de e$ceno, &amp; della natura di uary fonti, laghi, &amp;
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parents:
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13224 fiumare. Cap. III.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
13225 <p>Sono alcune fonti ancora calde, dalle quali n'e$ce acqua di ottimo $apore, laqua
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parents:
diff changeset
13226 le nel bere &egrave; co$i $oaue, che non $i di$idera quella delle fonti Camene, n&egrave; la
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13227 $urgente Martia. Ma que$te da e$$a natura a que$ta gui$a $i fanno. Quan-
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parents:
diff changeset
13228 do per lo allume, o per lo bitume, o $olfo nel fondo $i accende il fuoco me-
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parents:
diff changeset
13229 diante l'ardore, la terra, che &egrave; d'intorno a quello bianca, &amp; rouente diuiene, ma $opra alla
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13230 $uperficie della terra manda fuori il feruido uapore, &amp; co$i $e alcune fonti in quei luoghi,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13231 che $ono di $opra, na$ceno di acque dolci offe$e, &amp; rincontrate da quel uapore, boglio-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13232 no tra le uene, &amp; in que$to modo e$ceno fuori, $enza che il loro uapore $i gua$ti. Sono
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13233 ancho di non buono $apore, &amp; odore alcune fonti fredde, lequali da luoghi inferiori dren
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13234 to la terra na$cendo, pa$$ano per luoghi ardenti, &amp; da que$ti partendo$i, &amp; tracorrendo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13235 per lungo $patio della terra raffreddati uengono di $opra con l'odore, $apore, &amp; colore gua
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13236 $to, &amp; corrotto, come $i uede nella uia Tiburtina il fiume Albula, &amp; nel piano Ardeatino
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13237 le fonti fredde, che $olforate $i chiamano, dello $te$$o odore: &amp; co$i $i uede in altri luoghi
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13238 $imiglianti: ma que$te tutto che fredde $iano, pareno per&ograve; bollire, percioche auuiene,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13239 che incontrando$i di $otto profondamente in luoghi alti, offe$i dall'humore, &amp; dal fuoco,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13240 che tra $e conuengono, con grande, &amp; uehemente $trepito in $e forti, &amp; gagliardi $piriti
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13241 <pb n="336">
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13242 uanno riceuendo, &amp; co$i gon$i per la forza del uento, &amp; sforzati bogliendo $pe$$o fuori
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13243 e$ceno delle fonti loro; Ma di quelle fonti, che aperte non $ono; ma ouero da $a$si, ouero
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13244 da qualche altra uiolenza ritenute $ono, per i$trette uene $ono dalla forza dello $pirito
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13245 mandate fuori a i grandi, &amp; rileuati grumi di terra, &amp; per&ograve; grandemente $i inganna, chiun-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13246 que pen$a di hauere i capi delle fonti, quando apreno loro le grandi fo$$e in quella altezza,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13247 che $ono i grumi: imper&ograve; $i come un ua$o di rame non ripieno $ino all'orlo $uo, ma che
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13248 habbia la mi$ura dell'acqua $econdo la $ua capacit&agrave;, di due delle tre parti quando il $uo co
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13249 perchio dal gran feruore del fuoco toccato uiene sforza l'acqua a ri$caldar$i bene, &amp; quel-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13250 la per la $ua naturale rarit&agrave; riceuendo in $e la gagliarda enfiagione del caldo, non $olo ri-
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parents:
diff changeset
13251 empie il ua$o, ma con gli $piriti $uoi alzando il coperchio, &amp; u$cendo trabocca: ma leuato
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13252 il coperchio, &amp; e$$alati i $uoi bogl<14>menti nello aperto aere, torna di nuouo al luogo $uo:
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13253 al $imigliante modo quei capi delle fonti, quando $ono per le $trettezze compre$si, &amp; ri-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13254 $tretti, con grande impeto uengono di $opra gli $piriti dell'acqua, ma tanto$to, che riaper
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13255 ti, &amp; rillargati $ono uotati per la rarit&agrave;, che nel liquore preuale, ri$eggono, &amp; tornano nella
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parents:
diff changeset
13256 propriet&agrave; del $uo giu$to pe$o. Ma ogni acqua calda per que$to &egrave; atta alle medicine, per-
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parents:
diff changeset
13257 ci&ograve; che ricotta nelle co$e precedenti, riceue altra uirtute all'u$o humano; percioche le fon
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parents:
diff changeset
13258 ti $ulfuree ri$torano le fatiche de nerui, ri$caldando, &amp; $ucchiando con il loro calore i tri=
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13259 $ti humori da i corpi. Ma le fonti, che hanno dell'allume, quando riceueno alcuni corpi
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13260 dalla parali$i di$ciolti, ouero da qualche sforzeuole infermit&agrave; mantenendo il refrigerio
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13261 per le aperte uene, ri$torano con forza contraria del caldo, &amp; co$i continuando per que-
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13262 $to i corpi $ono rime$si nell'antica cura delle loro membra: Finalmente oue $ono le ac-
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13263 que, che tengono del bitume, gli huomini po$$ono purgare i difetti, che hanno dentroi
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13264 corpi loro beuendone, &amp; a que$to modo medicar$i. Euui anche una $orte di acqua fred-
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13265 da nitro$a come a Penna, a Ve$tina, a Cotilio, &amp; in altri luoghi $imili, che beuendone al-
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13266 cuno $i purga, &amp; per lo uentre pa$$ando minui$ce, &amp; $cema la gonfiezza delle $trume. Ma
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13267 doue $i caua l'oro, &amp; l'argento, il ferro, il rame, il piombo, &amp; altre $imiglianti co$e alle det
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13268 te, iui $i trouano molte fonti, ma $ono $ommamente difetto$e, percioche hanno i uitij
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13269 contrari a quell'acque calde, che uengono dal $olfo, dallo allume, o dal bitume, &amp; fanno
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13270 que$to, che beuute quando entrano nel corpo, &amp; uanno per le uene toccano i nerui, &amp; le
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13271 giunture, &amp; quelli infiando gl'indurano i nerui. A dunque per la enfiagione gonfiati per
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13272 lungo $i ritirano, &amp; co$i fanno gli huomini doglio$i o per male di nerui, o per le podagre,
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13273 perche hanno le $ottigliezze delle uene loro me$colate di co$e duri$sime, $pe$$e, &amp; fred-
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13274 di$sime. Vn'altra $orte di acqua $i troua, laquale non hauendo a ba$tanza le $ue uene chia-
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13275 re, con la $puma $ua nuota come fiore nella $ommit&agrave; $imile al colore d'un uetro purpu-
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13276 reo. Que$te co$e mirabilmente auuertite $ono, &amp; con$iderate in Athene, perche iui da $i-
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13277 mili luoghi, &amp; fonti, &amp; in A$ti, &amp; al porto Pireo $ono condotte le $urgenti canne, &amp; di
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13278 quelle niuno ne beue per quella cau$a, ma bene $e ne $erueno per lauare, &amp; per altre bi$o-
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diff changeset
13279 gna, &amp; beueno de i pozzi, &amp; co$i $chiuano i difetti di quelle fonti.
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13280 <p><I>Hermolao nelle ca$tigationi di Pli. aliij. del xxxi. legge non, &amp; in A$ti ad portum Pire&aelig;um,
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13281 ma Ma$ti u$que ad portum Pire&aelig;um, &amp; dice, che Ma$ti $ono dette altramente, mamm&aelig;, &amp; pa-
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13282 pill&aelig;, &amp; ubera, qua$i mammelle, per lequali uengano l'acque, benche anche $alua la prima let-
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13283 tione, &amp; per A$ti intende Athene.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
13284 <p>Ma a<G>*g</G>roezzeno ci&ograve; non $i puo fuggire, perche iui altra $orte di acque non $i troua, $e
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13285 non quella, che hanno i Cibdeli, &amp; per&ograve; in quella citt&agrave; o tutti, o la maggior parte $ono de
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13286 i piedi cagioneuoli. Ma in Tar$o citt&agrave; di Cilicia troua$i un fiume nominato Cidnos, nel-
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13287 quale i podagro$i tenendo le gambe a molle $ono $olieuati dal dolore. Oltra le dette co-
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13288 $e molte altre generationi di acque $i trouano, che hanno le $ue propriet&agrave;, come in Sicilia,
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13289 il $iume Himera, ilquale u$cito dalla fonte in due rami $i parte, &amp; quel ramo, che $i $tende
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13290 <pb n="337">
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13291 correndo uer$o il monte Ethna, perci&ograve; ch'egli pa$$a per terreno di $ucco dolce, egli &egrave; d^{1}
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13292 grandi$sima dolcezza, l'altro ramo, che corre per quel piano, doue $i caua il $ale, &egrave; di $a-
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13293 por $al$o. Similmente a Paretonio, &amp; la doue &egrave; il uiaggio ad Hamone, &amp; al Ca$sio all'Egit
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13294 to $ono laghi palu$tri di maniera $al$i, che di $opra hanno il $ale congelato. Sono appref-
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13295 $o in molti altri luoghi, &amp; fonti, &amp; fiumi, &amp; laghi, iquali pa$$ando oltra le caue del $ale, ne-
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13296 ce$$ariamente diuentano $alati, altri penetrando per le uene gra$$e della terra come unti
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13297 d'oglio e$ceno fuori come &egrave; a Soli ca$tello della Cilicia il $iume Lipari nominato, nel-
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13298 quale chiunque $i laua, o nuota $i ungne dall'acqua, &amp; co$i nella Ethiopia $i troua un lago,
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13299 che ugne gli huomini, che in e$$o nuotano; &amp; in India ce n'&egrave; uno, che quando il cielo &egrave; $e-
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13300 reno manda una gran quantit&agrave; di oglio. Anchora a Cartagine &egrave; una fonte, $opra la quale
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13301 nuota l'oglio di odore come una $corza di cedro, del qual'oglio &egrave; u$anza di ugnere le pe-
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parents:
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13302 core: al Zante, &amp; intorno a Durazzo, &amp; Apollonia $ono fonti, che in$ieme con l'acqua uo-
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13303 mitano gran moltitudine di pece; a Babilonia &egrave; un grandi$simo lago, che $i chiama la pa-
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13304 lude A$phaltite, ha di $opra il liquido bitume, che nuota, delqual bitume, &amp; di pietra cot-
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13305 ta fabricatone il muro Semiramis cin$e la gran Babilonia; co$i in Ioppe nella Siria, &amp; nel-
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parents:
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13306 l'Arabia de Numidi $i trouano laghi di $mi$urata grandezza, i quali mandano fuori gran
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parents:
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13307 ma$$e di bitume, che $ono poi tolte dalli habitatori di quei luoghi. Ma ci&ograve; non &egrave; mara-
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parents:
diff changeset
13308 uiglio$o, percioche in quei $ono molte piotraie di duro bitume. Quando adunque l'ac-
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parents:
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13309 qua rompe fuori per la terra bitumino$a $eco ne porta, &amp; quando, che ella &egrave; u$cita fuori
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parents:
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13310 della terra, $i $ceglie, &amp; co$i da $e $caccia il bitume: &amp; co$i anche nella Cappadocia nella
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parents:
diff changeset
13311 uia, che &egrave; tra Mazzaca, &amp; Tuana, $i troua un gran lago, nelquale $e una paite di canne, o
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parents:
diff changeset
13312 d'altra co$a &egrave; po$ta dentro, &amp; il $eguente giorno cauata, quella parte, che $ar&agrave; $tata cauata
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parents:
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13313 $i trouer&agrave; di pietra, re$tando l'altra parte, che non hauer&agrave; toccato l'acqua nella $ua pro-
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parents:
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13314 pria natura. Allo $to$$o modo a Hieropoli della Frigia bolle una moltitudine d'acqua
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parents:
diff changeset
13315 calda, d<*>llaquale $e ne manda per le fo$$e d'intorno a gli horti, &amp; alle uigne. Que$ta a ca-
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parents:
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13316 po d'anno diuenta una cro$ta di pietra, &amp; co$i ogni tanti anni gli habitatori di quei pae$i
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parents:
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13317 facendo i margini di terra dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra, ui la $ciano andare quelle acque, &amp;
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parents:
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13318 con quelle cro$te fanno le $iepi de i campi loto; &amp; que$to pare, che naturalmente fatto $ia,
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parents:
diff changeset
13319 percioche in quei luoghi, &amp; in quella terra, doue na$ce quel $ucco, ci $ta $otto una quali-
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parents:
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13320 t&agrave; $imile alla natura del coagolo. Dipoi quando la forza me$colata e$ce di $opra per le
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parents:
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13321 fonti $ue, &egrave; sforzata ri$trigner$i, &amp; appigliar$i dal Sole, &amp; dalla calidit&agrave; dell'aere, come $i
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parents:
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13322 uede ne i piani delle $aline. Sono appre$$o fonti molto amare na$centi da amaro $ucco
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parents:
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13323 della terra, come nel Ponto &egrave; il fiume Hipanis, ilquale dal $uo capo per quaranta miglia
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13324 $corre con acqua di dolci$simo $apore, dapoi quando giugne al luogo, che dalla foce $ua
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13325 &egrave; lontano cento, &amp; $e$$anta miglia, con quello $i me$cola un fonticello ben piccolo: Que-
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parents:
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13326 $to fonticello, quando entra nel detto fiume, allhora fa, che tanta quantit&agrave; di acque diuen
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parents:
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13327 ta amara, percioche per quella $orte di terra, &amp; per quelle uene, dallequali $i caua la Sanda
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parents:
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13328 raca u$cendo quell'acqua amara diuiene, &amp; tutte que$te co$e da di$simiglianti $apori pre$i
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13329 dalla propriet&agrave; del terreno per doue pa$$ano, chiaramente $i fanno, come appare ne i frut-
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parents:
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13330 ti. imperoche $e le radici de gli alberi, o delle uiti, o dell'altre $emenze manda$$ero i frutti
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parents:
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13331 prendendo il $ucco non dalle propriet&agrave; del terreno, $enza dubbio il $apor di tutti in ogni
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13332 luogo, &amp; in ogni parte $arebbe d'una i$te$$a natura; ma uedemo pure, che l'l$ola di Lesbo
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13333 fa il uino Protropo; Meonia il uino detto Catacecaumenite, &amp; Lidia il Melito, &amp; Sicilia
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13334 il Mamertino; Campagna il Falerno; Terracina, &amp; Fondi i Cecubi; &amp; in molti altri luo--
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13335 ghi di innumerabil moltitudine, &amp; uariet&agrave; generar$i le $orti, &amp; le forze de i uini: lequali
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parents:
diff changeset
13336 non altrimenti po$$ano e$$er prodotte, $e non quando l'humore terreno con le $ue pro-
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parents:
diff changeset
13337 priet&agrave; de i $apori infu$o nelle radici, nutre, &amp; pa$ce la materia, per laquale u$cendo alla ci-
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parents:
diff changeset
13338 ma diffonde il $apore del frutto propio del luogo, &amp; della $orte $ua: che $e la terra non fu$-
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parents:
diff changeset
13339 <pb n="338">
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parents:
diff changeset
13340 $e di$simile, &amp; diftinta di uariet&agrave; d'humori, non $arebbeno in Siria, &amp; in Arabia nelle can-
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parents:
diff changeset
13341 ne, &amp; ne i giunchi, &amp; nelle herbegli odori $olamente: n&egrave; ancho gli alberi, che ci danno
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parents:
diff changeset
13342 l'incen$o, n&egrave; quelle terre ci dariano i grani del pcpe, n&egrave; le glebe della mirra, n&egrave; a Cirene
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parents:
diff changeset
13343 nelle bacchette na$cerebbe illa$$ere: ma in tutte le regioni della terra, &amp; in tutti i luoghi
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parents:
diff changeset
13344 tutte le co$e d'una $te$$a natura $i produrrebbeno: ma $econdo que$te diuer$it&agrave; in uarij
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parents:
diff changeset
13345 luoghi, &amp; pae$i la inclinatione del mondo, &amp; lo impeto del Sole o piu pre$$o, o piu lonta-
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parents:
diff changeset
13346 no facendo il cor$o $uo, genera tali humori di que$ta natura, &amp; quelle qualit&agrave; non $ola-
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parents:
diff changeset
13347 mente in quelle co$e $i uedeno, ma nelle pecore, &amp; negli armenti, &amp; tai co$e non ci fareb-
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parents:
diff changeset
13348 beno di$simiglianza, $e le propriet&agrave; di cia$cun terrenno in pae$i diuer$i alla uirtu del Sole
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parents:
diff changeset
13349 non fu$$ero temperate. Perche nella Beotia &egrave; il fiume Cephi$o, &amp; il fiume detto Melas;
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parents:
diff changeset
13350 &amp; tra i Lucani il Crate, a Troia il Xanto, &amp; ne i campi de i Clazomeni, &amp; di Erithrei, &amp; di
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parents:
diff changeset
13351 Laodice$i $ono fonti, &amp; fiumi, alliquali quando le pecore a i $uoi tempi dell'anno s'appa-
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parents:
diff changeset
13352 recchiano a concepere il parto, ogni giorno a bere a quei luoghi $on cacciate, &amp; da quello
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parents:
diff changeset
13353 &egrave;, che auegna, che $ieno bianche, nientedimeno parturi$ceno in alcuni luoghi gli animali
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parents:
diff changeset
13354 grigi, in alcuni neri, in alcuni del colore del coruo. &amp; co$i quando la propriet&agrave; del liquore
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parents:
diff changeset
13355 entra nel corpo, dentro ui $emina la qualit&agrave; me$colata $econdo la natura $ua, perche adun
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parents:
diff changeset
13356 que ne i campi Troiani na$ceno pre$$o al fiume gli armenti ruffi, &amp; le pecore grigie, per&ograve;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13357 $i dice che gli Ilie$i hanno chiamato quel fiume Xanto. Trouan$i ancho alcune acque
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13358 mortifere, lequali pa$$ando per un $ucco malefico della terra, riceueno in $e la forza del
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parents:
diff changeset
13359 ueleno: $i come $i dice d'una fonte di Terracina, laquale Nettuno $i nominaua, dellaquale
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parents:
diff changeset
13360 chiunque per inauertenza ne beueua, era della uita priuato: per laqual co$a dice$i, che gli
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parents:
diff changeset
13361 antichi la otturorno: &amp; appre$$o de i Greci in Thracia &egrave; un lago, che non $olamente fa
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13362 morire chi di quello ne beue, ma anche cia$cuno, che iui $i bagna. Similmente in Te$$alia
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13363 &egrave; una fonte, che $corre, della quale non ne gu$ta alcuno animale, n&egrave; altra $orte di be$tia $e
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parents:
diff changeset
13364 le auicina. appre$$o quella fonte &egrave; un'arbore di color purpureo; &amp; co$inella Macedonia
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13365 la doue &egrave; $epulto Euripide dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra del monumento due riui concor-
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parents:
diff changeset
13366 reno in uno, iui dall'una parte $edendo i pa$$aggieri per la bont&agrave; dell'acque $ogliono man
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13367 giare; ma al riuo, che &egrave; dall'altra parte del monumento, niuno s'appro$sima, perche egli
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13368 $i dice, ch'egli ha l'acqua $ua mortifera, &amp; pe$tilente. Appre$$o $i troua anche in Arcadia
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13369 Nonacri nominato pae$e, che ne i monti ha freddi$sime acque da i $a$si $tillanti, &amp; quel-
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parents:
diff changeset
13370 l'acqua co$i fredda &egrave; detta Stygos, &amp; que$ta n&egrave; in argento, n&egrave; in rame, n&egrave; in ferro puo e$$er
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13371 tenuta, perche ogni ua$o di tali materie comp o$to per quell'acqua $i di$sipa, &amp; di$cioglie;
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parents:
diff changeset
13372 ma per con$eruare, &amp; tenere quell'acqua non &egrave; co$a, che $ia buona, $e non un'ugna di mu-
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parents:
diff changeset
13373 lo. que$t'acqua $i dice e$$ere $tata mandata da Antipatro nella prouincia, doue Ale$$andro
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13374 $i trouaua, per Iolla $uo figliuolo, &amp; da lui con quell'acqne $i$criue e$$er $tato ammazza-
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parents:
diff changeset
13375 to il Re. A que$to modo nelle Alpi, doue &egrave; il Regno di Cotto, &egrave; un'acqua, che chi la
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parents:
diff changeset
13376 gu$ta di fatto cade. Ma nel campo Fali$co alla uia Campana nel piano di Corneto &egrave; un
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parents:
diff changeset
13377 bo$co, nel quale na$ce una fonte, doue appareno gli o$si di bi$cie, &amp; di lacerte, &amp; di al-
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parents:
diff changeset
13378 tri $erpenti giacere. Ancora $ono alcune uene acide di fonti, come a Lince$te, &amp; in Italia
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parents:
diff changeset
13379 a Virena, in Campagna a Theano, &amp; in molti altri luoghi, che hanno tal uirt&ugrave; che beuute-
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parents:
diff changeset
13380 rompeno le pietre nelle ue$iche, che na$ceno ne i corpi humani; &amp; cio far$i naturalmen-
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parents:
diff changeset
13381 te appare per que$ta cau$a, che il $ucco acre, &amp; acido $ta $otto que$ta terra, per la quale
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parents:
diff changeset
13382 u$cendo le uene s'intingono di quella acrezza, &amp; co$i quando $ono entrate nel corpo di$-
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parents:
diff changeset
13383 $ipano quelle co$e, che trouano e$$er $tate generate, &amp; accre$ciute dalla $u$sidentia del-
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parents:
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13384 l'acqua. Ma perche cau$a dalle co$e acide di$ciolte, &amp; partite $ieno tali pietre, noi pote-
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parents:
diff changeset
13385 mo auuertir da que$to, che $e alcuno porr&agrave; un'ouo nell'aceto, &amp; ue lo la$cier&agrave; lungamen
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parents:
diff changeset
13386 te, la $corza $ua diuenter&agrave; molle, &amp; $i di$cioglier&agrave;. Similmente $e il piombo, che &egrave; len-
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parents:
diff changeset
13387 ti$simo, &amp; di gran pe$o, $ar&agrave; po$to $opra un ua$o, che dentro habbia dello aceto, &amp; che
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parents:
diff changeset
13388 <pb n="339">
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parents:
diff changeset
13389 il ua$o $ia ben coperto, &amp; otturato, o illotato auuerr&agrave;, che il piombo $i disfar&agrave;, &amp; $i far&agrave; la
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13390 biacca. Con le i$te$$e ragioni $e del rame, che pure &egrave; di piu $oda natura, che il piombo, $i
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parents:
diff changeset
13391 far&agrave; la mede$ima proua, egli certamente $i disfar&agrave;, &amp; il uerde rame, o la $ua ruggine ne ca-
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parents:
diff changeset
13392 ueremo. Co$i la Perla, &amp; i $a$si di $elice, che per ferro, o per fuoco $olo non $i po$$ono
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parents:
diff changeset
13393 disfare, quando dal fuoco $aranno ri$caldati, &amp; $par$oui $opra dell'aceto, $i di$cioglieran-
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parents:
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13394 no, &amp; romperanno pre$tamente. Quando adunque uediamo tai co$e e$$er fatte dinanzi
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parents:
diff changeset
13395 a gli occhi no$tri, potemo di$correre, per la fortezza del $ucco con le co$e acide poter$i
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parents:
diff changeset
13396 curare quelli, che $entono del mal di pictra. Sonoui oltra di que$to anche delle fonti me-
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parents:
diff changeset
13397 $colate come col uino, $i come n'&egrave; una nella Paphlagonia, della quale chiunque ne beue,
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parents:
diff changeset
13398 ebro $enza uino diuenta. Ma appre$$o gli Equicoli in Italia &amp; nelle Alpi, nella natione
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parents:
diff changeset
13399 de Medulli, $i troua una $orte di acqua, di cui, chi ne beue, diuiene gozzuto: &amp; in Arca-
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parents:
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13400 dia &egrave; una citt&agrave; non ignobile di Clitore, ne i cui campi &egrave; una Spilonca, dallaquale e$ce un'
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parents:
diff changeset
13401 acqua, che rende i beuitori ab$temij. a quella fonte &egrave; uno Epigramma $colpito in pietra
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parents:
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13402 di que$to $entimento in uer$i Greci, che quell'acqua non &egrave; buona per lauar$i dentro, &amp; <*>
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parents:
diff changeset
13403 anche nemica alle uite, concio $ia, che appre$$o quella fonte Melampo con $acrifici pur-
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parents:
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13404 gato haue$$e la rabbia delle figlie di Preto, &amp; ritornato haue$$e le menti di quelle uergini
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parents:
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13405 nella pri$tina $anit&agrave;: lo Epigramma &egrave; qui $otto $critto.
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parents:
diff changeset
13406 <p>Se te Pa$tor' al fonte di Clitoro
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parents:
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13407 Et la tua greggia ardente $ete $prona,
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parents:
diff changeset
13408 <p>Su'l mezo giorno porgine ri$toro
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parents:
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13409 Col ber'a quella, &amp; alla tua per$ona:
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13410 <p>Anco la ferm'al diletteuol Choro
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parents:
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13411 Delle Naiade, &amp; a quella piacer dona.
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parents:
diff changeset
13412 <p>Ma per lauarti non entrar nell'acque
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casties
parents:
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13413 S'il ber del uino giamai non ti $piacque
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13414 <p><I>Fuggi la fonte mia ch'odia le uite,
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13415 Per ci&ograve; ch'in quell'ogni bruttezza $cio<*></I>
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diff changeset
13416 <p><I>Melampo delle figlie inacerbite
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13417 Di Preto quando d' Argo $i riuol$<*></I>
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13418 <p><I>Ver$o d' Arcadia le dure $alite,
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13419 Ogni $ordida co$a qui rauol$e,</I>
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diff changeset
13420 <p><I>Et l'attuff&ograve; con l'altre cos'immonde
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diff changeset
13421 Nel mezo delle mie gia limpid'onde.</I>
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diff changeset
13422 <p>Troua$i nell'I$ola Chios una fonte di natura, che fa pazzi, chi ne beue per inauuerte nza,
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13423 &amp; iui &egrave; $colpito un'epigramma di que$to tenore, che l'acqua di quella fonte &egrave; dolce, ma
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13424 chi ne beucr&agrave; &egrave; per hauere i $entimenti di pietra, &amp; i uer$i $ono que$ti.
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diff changeset
13425 <p>Fre$che $on le mie acque, &amp; dolci a bere,
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13426 Ma $e per ca$o quelle beuerai
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diff changeset
13427 Di pietra ti conuien la mente hauere.
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13428 <p>A Su$e, nel qual pae$e &egrave; il regno de i Per$i, troua$i uno fonticello, di cui chi ne bee,
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13429 perde i denti, &amp; in quello &egrave; $critto uno Epigramma, che $ignifica que$ta $entenza: buona
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diff changeset
13430 e$$er l'acqua per bagnar$i, ma $e alcuno di e$$a ne beuer&agrave; caderangli li denti dalle radici.
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13431 di que$to Epigramma i uer$i $on greci.
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diff changeset
13432 <p>O pa$$eggier uedi que$t'acque horrende,
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13433 Licito &egrave; hauerne $olo per lauarti:
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diff changeset
13434 <p>Ma s'il freddo liquor nel uentre $cende
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diff changeset
13435 Se ben le $omme labra uuoi toccarti
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diff changeset
13436 <p>Pre$to uedrai re$tar orfane, &amp; priue
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13437 Di denti, che n'andran, le tue gingiue
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diff changeset
13438 <foot>YY</foot>
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13439 <pb n="340">
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13440 <HEAD><I>Della propriet&agrave; d'alcuni luoghi, &amp; $onti.</I></HEAD>
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13441 <HEAD><I>Cap. IIII.</I></HEAD>
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13442 <p>Sono ancho in alcuni luoghi propriet&agrave; di $onti, che fanno, che chi na$ce in
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diff changeset
13443 que luoghi $iano di uoci mirabili a cantare; come in Thar$o, &amp; a Magne$ia, &amp;
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diff changeset
13444 in altre $imili regioni, &amp; &egrave; anche Zama citt&agrave; di Affrica, il cui circuito il Re
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diff changeset
13445 Iubacin$e di doppio muro, &amp; iui $i fabric&ograve; la ca$a regale: da quella miglia
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diff changeset
13446 uenti &egrave; il ca$tello I$mue, di cui le parti del territorio $ono chiu$e da incredibili proprie-
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13447 t&agrave; di natura: peroche e$$endo l'Affrica madre, &amp; nutrice di fiere be$tie, &amp; $pecialmente di
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13448 $erpenti, ne i campi di quel ca$tello niuna ne na$ce, &amp; $e alcuna uolta per ca$o iui &egrave; porta-
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13449 ta, di $ubito $e ne muore: n&egrave; $olamente que$to ini $i uede, ma anche $e da quei luoghi, altro-
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13450 ue la terra $ar&agrave; portata, far&agrave; il $imile. Que$ta $orte di terreno dice$i e$$ere alle I$ole Ba-
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13451 leari: ma quella terra ha un'altra uirt&ugrave; piu marauiglio$a, la quale co$i e$$ere ho inte$o. C.
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13452 Giulio $igliuolo di Ma$sini$$a milit&ograve; col padre Ce$. que$ti meco alloggi&ograve;, per ilche mi era
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13453 nece$$ario neilo $tare, &amp; uiuere in$ieme ragionar'alcuna co$a, in que$to mezo e$$endo tra
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13454 noi caduto ragionamento della forza dell'acqua, &amp; delle $ue uirtuti, egli mi di$$e e$$er in
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13455 quella terra fonti di natura tale, che quelli, che iui na$ceuano, haueuano ottime uoci per
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13456 cantare, &amp; per que$ta ragione $empre mai comprauano i $erui oltramarini belli, &amp; le garzo
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13457 ne da marito, &amp; quelle in$ieme poneuano, accioche quelli, che da loro na$ce$$ero non $olo
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13458 haue$$ero bona uoce, ma fu$$ero di bellezza non inuenu$ta. Quando adunque per natu-
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13459 ra tanta uariet&agrave; a diuer$i luoghi di$tribuita $ia, che il corpo humano &egrave; in qualche parte
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13460 terreno, &amp; in e$$o molte $orti d'humore $i trouino, come del $angue, del latte, del $udore,
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parents:
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13461 dell'orina, delle lagrime, $e in $i poca particella di terreno $i troua tante diuer$it&agrave; di $apo-
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13462 ri, non &egrave; da marauigliar$i $e in tanta grandezza di terra $i trouano innumerabili uariet&agrave; di
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diff changeset
13463 $ughi, per le uene delli quali la forza dell'acqua penetrando me$colata uegna all'u$cire del-
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parents:
diff changeset
13464 le fonti, &amp; co$i da quello $i faccia diuer$i, &amp; di$eguali fonti nelle propie $orti per la diffe-
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parents:
diff changeset
13465 renza de i luoghi, &amp; per la di$aguaglianza de i pae$i, &amp; per le di$simiglianti propriet&agrave; di
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parents:
diff changeset
13466 terreni. Delle co$e $opradette $ono alcune, che io da me ho uedute, &amp; con$iderate: ma le
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parents:
diff changeset
13467 altre ne i libri Greci ho ritrouate $critte, de i quali $critti gli autori $ono Theophra$to,
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parents:
diff changeset
13468 Timeo, Po$sidonio, Hege$ia, Herodoto, Ari$tide, Methodoro: i quali con grande uigilan
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parents:
diff changeset
13469 za, &amp; infinito $tudio dichiarato hanno le propriet&agrave; de i luoghi, le uirt&ugrave; dell'acque, le quali-
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parents:
diff changeset
13470 t&agrave; de i pae$i e$$er a que$to modo partite dalla inclinatione del cielo. Di que$ti autori $e-
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parents:
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13471 <*>uendo io i cominciamenti, o trattamenti, ho $critto in que$to libro quello, che ho pen-
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parents:
diff changeset
13472 $<*>to e$$ere a $ufficienza con la propriet&agrave; dell'acque, accio che piu facilmente da tai pre$crit
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parents:
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13473 t<*>gli huomini eleggino le fonti, con le quali po$sino all'u$o humano condurre le $urgenti
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13474 acque alle citt&agrave;, &amp; alli tenitori. Perche tra tutte le co$e pare, che niuna habbia tante nece$-
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parents:
diff changeset
13475 $itati all'u$o, quanto ha l'acqua: imperoche $e la natura di tutti gli animali $ar&agrave; priuata del
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parents:
diff changeset
13476 grano, delle piante, della carne, della pe$caggione, oucro u$ando cia$cuna dell'altre co$e,
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parents:
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13477 per e$$a potr&agrave; difendere la uita $ua; ma $enza l'acque, n&egrave; il corpo de gli animali, n&egrave; alcuna
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parents:
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13478 uirt&ugrave; di cibo puo na$cere, n&egrave; $o$tentar$i, n&egrave; c$$ere apparecchiata; per ilche egli $i deue con
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parents:
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13479 gran diligenza, &amp; indu$tria cercare, &amp; eleggere le fonti alla $alubrit&agrave; dell'humana uita.
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parents:
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13480 <p><I>Dapoi, che $i $ono l'acque ritrouate, era nece$$ario prouarle, &amp; eleggerle, ma perche la
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13481 elettione pre$uppone piu co$e propo$te, accioche di tutte la meglio $i caui, per&ograve; Vitru. dopo la in-
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13482 uentione, ci ha propo$to innanzi diuer$e qualit&agrave;, &amp; nature di acque, accioche poi di quelle $i eleg-
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13483 ga il meglio, la onde hora uiene alle e$perienze, &amp; proue dell'acque.</I>
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13484 <pb n="341">
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13485 <HEAD><I>Degli e$perimenti dell'acqua. Cap. V.</I></HEAD>
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13486 <p>LE e$perienze, &amp; proue delle fonti in que$to modo $i procacciano. Se $aranno
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parents:
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13487 correnti, &amp; aperte, prima, che $i dia principio a c&oacute;durle, dcono e$$er guardati, &amp;
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parents:
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13488 molto bene con$iderati i circon$tanti a quelle fonti, di che corporatura $ieno,
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parents:
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13489 &amp; $e eglino $i troueranno e$$er gagliardi di corpo, &amp; chiari di colore, n&egrave; haue-
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parents:
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13490 ranno le gambe cagioneuoli, n&egrave; gli occhi lippi, certamente le fonti $aranno approuate
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parents:
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13491 molto. Similmente $e di nuouo $ar&agrave; una fonte cauata, &amp; po$to dell'acqua $ua in un ua$o
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13492 di rame corinthio, o d'altra $orte, che $ia di buon rame, &amp; quell'acqua $par$a non macchie-
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13493 r&agrave;, $enza dubbio ella $ar&agrave; ottima: &amp; co$i $e in un bronzino $ar&agrave; po$ta a bollire, &amp; poi la-
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diff changeset
13494 $ciata ripo$are, &amp; dar giu, &amp; nel fondo non la$cier&agrave; l'arena, o fondacchio, certamente
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diff changeset
13495 quell'acqua $ar&agrave; prouata. Allo i$te$$o modo $e i legumi in un ua$o con quell'acqua $i
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13496 porranno al fuoco, &amp; pre$to $i cuoceranno, $i prender&agrave; argomento, che quell'acqua $ar&agrave;
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diff changeset
13497 buona, &amp; $ana: &amp; co$i niente manco di argomento $i prender&agrave;, $e l'acqua della fonte $ar&agrave;
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diff changeset
13498 limpida, &amp; molto lucida: &amp; $e douunque ella andr&agrave;, n&oacute; $i uedr&agrave; il mu$co, n&egrave; ui na$cer&agrave; il
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diff changeset
13499 giunco, n&egrave; ad alcuno modo quel luogo $ar&agrave; macchiato, o $porcato, ma $e $ar&agrave; chiaro, pu-
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diff changeset
13500 ro, &amp; bello alla ui$ta, dimo$trer&agrave; con que$ti $egni, che l'acqua $ar&agrave; $ottile, &amp; di $om-
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diff changeset
13501 ma bont&agrave;.
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diff changeset
13502 <p><I>Ritrouata, &amp; eletta l'acqua &egrave; nece$$ario condurla: ma perche nel condurla &egrave; nece$$ario, che
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13503 l'acqua di$cenda, &amp; uenga $econdo il $uo cor$o naturale al determinato luogo, per&ograve; accioche que-
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13504 $to $i e$pedi$ca bene Vitr. ci d&agrave; la forma di molti $trumenti da liuellare le acque, &amp; fra molti ne
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diff changeset
13505 elegge uno, come piu $icuro, &amp; di que$to la forma intera $i uedr&agrave; chiara nella figura. Liuel-
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diff changeset
13506 lare adunque altro non &egrave;, che prendere l'altezza del luogo, doue l'acqua $i troua, &amp; compararla
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diff changeset
13507 con l'altezza del luogo, doue ella $i ha da condurre.</I>
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diff changeset
13508 <HEAD><I>Delcondurre, &amp;' liuellare l'acque &amp; de gli $trumenti buo-
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13509 nia tali effetti. Cap. VI.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
13510 <p>Hora del condurre le acque alle habitationi, &amp; alla citt&agrave;, come fare acconcia-
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diff changeset
13511 mente $i deono, dimo$trer&ograve; chiaramente. Di que$to la prima ragione &egrave; il li-
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diff changeset
13512 uello. Que$ti $i $uol fare con tali $trumenti, con lo traguardo, con i liuelli
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13513 da acqua, &amp; con quello $trumento, che $i chiama Cherobate, &amp; con que$to
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diff changeset
13514 piu diligentemente, &amp; $icuramente $i liuella, perche il traguardo, &amp; il liuello acquario fal-
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diff changeset
13515 la. Il Chorobate &egrave; una riga lunga piedi uenti, La quale ha le braccia piegate da i capi
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diff changeset
13516 egualmente fatte, &amp; appolte alle te$te della riga a $quadra, &amp; tra la regola, &amp; le dette
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13517 braccia da i cardini attaccati $ono alcuni trauer$i, che hanno i fili dritti a piombo, &amp; da
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13518 cia$cuna parte i piombi pendenti dalla riga, i quali quando la riga $ar&agrave; fitta, &amp; drizzata, &amp;
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diff changeset
13519 con quella toccheranno egualmente le linee della de$crittione, dimo$treranno e$$ere po-
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diff changeset
13520 $te giu$tamente a liuello. Ma $e il uento l'impedir&agrave;, &amp; per lo mouimento non potran-
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13521 no e$$e linee dimo$trare il uero, allhora $ar&agrave; bi$ogno, che habbino di $o pra un canale lun-
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diff changeset
13522 go piedi cinque, largo uno dito, alto un dito, &amp; mezo, &amp; in e$$o $ia l'acqua infu$a: &amp; $e
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diff changeset
13523 l'acqua del canale egualmente toccher&agrave; di $opra la libra, allhora $aprai e$$ere bene liuella-
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diff changeset
13524 ta; &amp; co$i quando con quello Chorobate $ar&agrave; liuellato, $i $apr&agrave; quanto hauer&agrave; di altezza.
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diff changeset
13525 Ma chi legger&agrave; i libri di Archimede for$e dir&agrave;, che non $i puo drittamente liuellare l'ac-
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diff changeset
13526 qua, percioche a lui piace, che l'acqua non $ia piana, ma di figura sferica, &amp; iui hauere il
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diff changeset
13527 <foot><I><G>gg</G></I> 2</foot>
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13528 <pb n="342">
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13529 centro $uo, doue il mondo ha il $uo: ma que$to &egrave; uero $ia l'acqua piana, o $pherica, ne-
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diff changeset
13530 ce$$ariamente i capi del canale della riga egualmente $o$terranno l'acqua, che $e'l canale
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diff changeset
13531 $ar&agrave; piegato in una parte, non ha dubio, che la parte piu alta non $ia, per hauer l'acqua
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diff changeset
13532 della riga del canale alla bocca. Percioche egli &egrave; nece$lario che doue l'acqua $ia infu$a,
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diff changeset
13533 habbia nel mezo la gon$iezza, &amp; la curuatura, ma i capi dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra $aran-
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13534 no egualmente librati. La $igura del Chorobate $ar&agrave; de$critta nel fine del libro, &amp; $e
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diff changeset
13535 egli $ar&agrave; la cima, o l'altezza grande piu facile $ar&agrave; il decor$o dell'acqua, ma $e gli $patij $a-
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parents:
diff changeset
13536 ranno lacuno$i, bi$ogna prouedcrli co i muretti di$otto.
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diff changeset
13537 <p><I>Se uuoi condur l'acqua auuertirai, che il luogo, alquale tu la uuoi condurre, $ia $empre piu
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diff changeset
13538 ba$$o, che il luogo dal quale tu la conduci. Metteti adunque a pi&egrave; del fonte, &amp; guarda per li
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diff changeset
13539 raguardi del tuo quadrante al luogo de$tinato, in modo per&ograve;, che il piombo cada giu dritto alla
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diff changeset
13540 linea dell'Orizonte. $e la ui$ta ti condurr&agrave; $opra il luogo de$tinato $appi, che l'acqua $i potr&agrave; con-
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parents:
diff changeset
13541 durre, altrimenti non $i puo: ma $e da rupi, o monti fu$$e impedita la tua ui$ta farai molti $egni, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
13542 dall'uno all'altro mirando $empre al $opra detto modo, tanto anderai inanzi, che da uno de i detti
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diff changeset
13543 luoghi potrai uedere il luogo, del quale prima non haueui ueduta, come la pre$ente figura qui
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13544 dimo$tra: nel re$to il liuellare dell'acque &egrave; a nostri Tempi ben cono$ciuto, &amp; lo e$$empio del Cho-
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diff changeset
13545 robate &egrave; qui dipinto, &amp; in $omma oltra il capo, &amp; l'origine $ua tu non puoi sforzare le acque,
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diff changeset
13546 cio&egrave; da $e non anderanno mai $opra la fonte loro, &amp; quando uuoi condurle per canali auertirai
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13547 di fare i canali proportionatamente profondi, perche l'acqua non $i inalzer&agrave; n&egrave; per la poca, n&egrave;
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13548 per la molta profondit&agrave;. la figura &egrave; qui $otto, &amp; de gli $trumenti, &amp; di quello modo di liuel-
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13549 lar l'acqua.</I>
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13550 <p><I>B il Capo della Fonte</I>
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13551 <p><I>B c la prima mira</I>
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13552 <p><I>C d la $econda mira drieto al monte</I>
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13553 <p><I>D e la terza doue non $i puo condur re</I>
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13554 <p><I>D f la quarta doue $i puo condurre</I>
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13555 <p><I>H g f la condutta dell'acqua.</I>
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13556 <fig>
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13557 <HEAD>CHOROBATE DA LIVELLAR LE ACQVE ET IPIANI.</HEAD>
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13558 <TABLE>
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13559 <ROW><COL><I>1 Regola di piedi 20.</I></COL><COL><I>2 gli Anconi o Braccia.</I></COL><COL><I>3 Trauer$arij.</I></COL></ROW>
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13560 </TABLE>
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13561 <pb n="343">
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13562 <HEAD><I>A quanti modi $i conduchino le acque. Cap. VII.</I></HEAD>
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13563 <fig>
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13564 <p>Atre modi $i conduce l'acqua, prima con
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13565 riui per canali fatti, dipoi con trombe di
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13566 piombo, ouero con canne di terra, o cre-
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13567 ta. Se noi u$eremo i canali, nece$$ario &egrave; fa
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13568 re la muratura $odi$sima, &amp; il letto del riuo habbia il
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13569 $uo liuello alto niente manco di mezo piede in cento,
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13570 &amp; que$te murature $iano fatte a uolte, accioche il Sole
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13571 non tocchi l'acqua, la quale poi che $ar&agrave; condotta alla
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13572 citt&agrave;, faccia$i un ca$tello, o con$erua dell'acque, al
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parents:
diff changeset
13573 quale congiunte $iano per trarne l'acque tre bocche,
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parents:
diff changeset
13574 &amp; nel ca$tello $iano tre canne equalmente partite con-
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parents:
diff changeset
13575 giunte a quelle pile, o gorne, accioche quando l'ac-
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parents:
diff changeset
13576 que traboccheranno da gli e$tremi ricettaculi ridondi-
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parents:
diff changeset
13577 no in quello di mezo, &amp; co$i nel mezo $i poneranno le
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parents:
diff changeset
13578 canne in tutte le pile con le loro bocche, dall'altra $i
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parents:
diff changeset
13579 manderanno alli bagni, accioche diano la entrata $ua
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diff changeset
13580 al popolo ogni tanti anni, &amp; finalmente dalla terra nel
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parents:
diff changeset
13581 le ca$e de priuati co$i, che non manchi nel publico,
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parents:
diff changeset
13582 percioche non potranno riuoltarle altroue, quando da
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parents:
diff changeset
13583 i loro capi haueranno i proprij condutti, &amp; que$te $on
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parents:
diff changeset
13584 le cau$e, per le quali io ho fatto que$ta diui$ione, cio&egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
13585 perche quelli, che priuatamente tireranno le acque
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parents:
diff changeset
13586 nelle $ue ca$e difendano i condotti dell'acque per mezo
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parents:
diff changeset
13587 de i publicani col pagarli le rendite. Ma $e tra la citt&agrave;,
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parents:
diff changeset
13588 &amp; il capo della fonte $aranno di mezo le montagne a
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parents:
diff changeset
13589 que$to modo $i deue liuellare: Cauin$i $otto terra i luo
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parents:
diff changeset
13590 ghi doue hanno a pa$$are le acque, &amp; $iano liuellate alla
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parents:
diff changeset
13591 cima, $econdo che di $opra s'&egrave; $critto: &amp; $e iui $ar&agrave; to-
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parents:
diff changeset
13592 fo, o $a$$o, tagli$i nel $uo propio canale, ma $e il $uolo
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parents:
diff changeset
13593 $ar&agrave; di terra, ouero areno$o, faccian$i le bande con i
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parents:
diff changeset
13594 $uoi uolti ne i luoghi cauati: &amp; co$i $ia l'acqua condot-
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parents:
diff changeset
13595 ta, &amp; i pozzi $iano talmente fatti, che $tiano tra due
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parents:
diff changeset
13596 Atti. Ma $e con le canne di piombo l'acqua $ar&agrave; con-
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parents:
diff changeset
13597 dotta, prima farai al capo di e$$a un ca$tello, o con$er-
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parents:
diff changeset
13598 ua d'acqua, dapoi $econdo la quantit&agrave; dell'acqua farai
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13599 le lame delle canne, &amp; que$te $iano po$te dal primo ca-
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parents:
diff changeset
13600 $tello a quello, che &egrave; pre$$o la citt&agrave;, n&egrave; $iano le canne
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parents:
diff changeset
13601 fu$e piu lunghe di x. piedi. que$te lamette $e $aranno di
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parents:
diff changeset
13602 cento dita per larghezza prima, che $iano ritondate $ia
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parents:
diff changeset
13603 cia$cuna di pe$o di libre mille dugento: &amp; $e $aranno di
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parents:
diff changeset
13604 ottanta dita, di nouecento $e$$anta: $e di cinquanta, $ia
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parents:
diff changeset
13605 no di $eicento libre; $e di quaranta, $iano di quattro-
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parents:
diff changeset
13606 cento ottanta; $e di trenta, $iano di trecento $e$$anta:
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13607 $e di uenti, $iano di dugento quaranta; $e di quindici, $iano di cento $e$$anta; $e di dieci
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parents:
diff changeset
13608 $iano di cento uenti: $e di otto, $iano di nouanta$ei; $e di cinque $iano di $e$$anta, perche
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13609 <pb n="344">
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13610 dal numero delle dita, che uanno nella larghezza delle pia$tre, prima, che $iano piegate in
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13611 tondo le canne prendono il nome delle loro grandezze, imperoche quella pia$tra, che $a-
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parents:
diff changeset
13612 r&agrave; di cinquanta dita, quando $i far&agrave; la canna di c$$a, chiamera$si quinquagenaria, &amp; allo
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parents:
diff changeset
13613 ftef$o modo le altre. Et quella condotta di acque, che e$$er deue per canne di piombo
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parents:
diff changeset
13614 ha que$ta commodit&agrave;, che $e il capo $ar&agrave; liuellato al piano della citt&agrave;, &amp; che i monti di
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parents:
diff changeset
13615 mezo non $aranno piu alti, che po$sino impedire il cor$o, co$i $ar&agrave; nece$$ario apparec-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13616 chiare di $otto quelli $patij altre liucllationi, $i come &egrave; $tato dimo$trato di $opra ne i riui,
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parents:
diff changeset
13617 &amp; ne i canali; ma $e non $ar&agrave; lungo il circuito, u$eremo le uolte, &amp; circondottioni: &amp; $e
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parents:
diff changeset
13618 le ualli $aranno continuate deue$i drizzare i cor$i in luogo chino, &amp; quando l'acqua $ar&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
13619 giunta al ba$$o non $e le apparecchia di $otto luogo troppo profondo, accioche il liuello
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parents:
diff changeset
13620 quanto $i puo uadi di lungo; &amp; que$to &egrave; il uentre, che i Greci chiamano chilia; ma quan
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parents:
diff changeset
13621 do uenir&agrave; alla contraria $ce$a per lo $patio lungo del uentre dolcemente $i rileua, allhora
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parents:
diff changeset
13622 $ia cacciata all'altezza della $ce$a: ma $e nelle ualli non $ar&agrave; fatto il uentre, n&egrave; lo apparec=
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13623 chio di $otto $ar&agrave; a liuello, ma $e $ar&agrave; torto, &amp; picgato u$cir&agrave; fuori con impeto, &amp; di$cior
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
13624 r&agrave; le commi$$ure delle canne: deon$i far'anche nel uentre $piramenti, per li quali la forza
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parents:
diff changeset
13625 dello $pirito $ia rila$ciata. Quelli adunque, i quali condurranno le acque per le canne di
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parents:
diff changeset
13626 piombo al detto modo con tai ragioni gentili$simamente potranno dare le $cadute alle ac-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13627 que, &amp; farle uoltare doue uorranno, &amp; $imilmente farne le con$erue, &amp; cacciarle in alto
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13628 quanto uorranno, &amp; co$i con la $te$$a uia quando dal capo delle fonti alle $te$$e mura del-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13629 la citt&agrave; haueranno ben tolto il liuello dell'altezza tra dugento atti non $ar&agrave; inutile farui
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13630 un'altra mano di ca$tella, accioche $e in qualche luogo le canne face$$ero danno non $i hab
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13631 bia a rompere o maccare tutta l'opera, &amp; piu facilmente $i cono$ca doue &egrave; fatto il danno.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13632 Deue$i per&ograve; auuertire, che quelle ca$tella non $i faccino n&egrave; nelle cadute, n&egrave; anche nel pia-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13633 no del uentre, n&egrave; la doue $i hanno a cacciare le acque in $u, n&egrave; in tutto nelle ualli, ma in
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13634 una continuata aguaglianza. Ma $e con $pe$a minore uorremo condurre l'acque a que$to
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13635 modo faremo. Faccian$i le trombe di te$tole niente meno gro$$e di due dita, ma in mo-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13636 do, che da una parte $ieno $mu$$ate, accioche, una a$$aggiatamente entri nell'altra. Da-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13637 poila doue $ono le commi$$ure, &amp; imboccature di quelle trombe deue$i otturare con cal-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13638 ce uiua battuta con l'oglio, &amp; nel piegare del liuello del uentre nel nodo $i deue porre una
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13639 pietra di $a$$o ro$$o, &amp; que$ta forata, accioche l'ultima tromba, oue cade l'acqua $ia at-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13640 taccata con quella pietra, il $imile $i far&agrave; alla prima tromba uicina al liuellato uentre, &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13641 nello $te$$o modo nell'oppo$ta a$ce$a l'ultima tromba del giu$tato uentre $ia $maltata nel
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13642 concauo del $a$$o ro$$o, &amp; la prima per doue $i deue cacciare l'acqua, con $imile ragione
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13643 $ia appigliata, &amp; co$i il liuellato piano delle trombe, &amp; della caduta, &amp; del $alimento non
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13644 $ar&agrave; inalzato, percioche $uole alcuna fiata nella condotta dell'acque na$cere un gagliardo
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parents:
diff changeset
13645 $pirito, &amp; tale, che anche rompa i $a$si, $e da capo prima dolcemente, &amp; con mi$ura non
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13646 ui $i dar&agrave; l'acqua, &amp; ne i nodi, &amp; nelle pieghe non $ar&agrave; contenuta con buone legature, &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
13647 con pe$i, &amp; $aorne: il re$to poi $i deue fare come detto hauemo delle canne di piombo.
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13648 Ancora quando da prima l'acqua $i d&agrave;, dal capo deuc$i in quelle trombe porre della cene-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13649 re, accioche le commi$$ure $e alcune $ono male $tuccate, $iano con quella cenere ottuna-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13650 te, &amp; imboccate. Hanno le condotte dell'acqua, che con trombe $i fanno que$to com-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13651 modo, prima nell'opera $e ci $ar&agrave; alcuno danno, cia$cuno lo puo rifare, &amp; l'acqua &egrave; mol
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13652 to piu $ana, che pa$$a per le canne di terra, che per le canne di piombo, perche dal piom-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13653 bo, come da quello da cui na$ce la biacca pare, che prenda difetto, &amp; $i dice, che la biac-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13654 ca &egrave; nociua a i corpi humani, &amp; co$i $e dal piombo na$ce alcuna co$a danno$a, non &egrave; dub-
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diff changeset
13655 bio, che ancho egli non $ar&agrave; $ano. Lo e$$empio prender potemo da i ma$tri del piombo,
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diff changeset
13656 che $empre $ono pallidi di colore, percioche quando nel fondere $i fa il piombo, il ua-
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diff changeset
13657 pore, che &egrave; in quello, entrando nelle membra, &amp; ogni giorno abruciando $ucchia dalle
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diff changeset
13658 <pb n="345">
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parents:
diff changeset
13659 membra loro la uirt&ugrave; del $angue; per&ograve; non pare, che douemo condurre l'acqua con canne
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parents:
diff changeset
13660 di piombo, $e noi la uogliamo $ana, &amp; buona. Vede$i ancho per lo u$o quotidiano, che
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diff changeset
13661 l'acqua condotta per trombe &egrave; di piu dolce $apore, percioche auuegna che $i habbia un
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parents:
diff changeset
13662 grande apparecchio di ua$i d'argento niente di meno ogn'uno u$a ua$i di terra cotta per
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parents:
diff changeset
13663 porui l'acqua per la bont&agrave; del $apore. Ma $e i fonti non $ono, da i quali $i po$$a condurre
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parents:
diff changeset
13664 l'acqua, nece$$ario &egrave; cauare i pozzi, &amp; nel cauarli non $i debbe $prezzare la ragione, ma
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diff changeset
13665 molto bene con acutezza, &amp; $olertia d'ingegno deon$i con$iderare le ragioni naturali del-
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parents:
diff changeset
13666 le co$e, imperoche la terra contiene in $e molte, &amp; diuer$e qualit&agrave;, percioche ella &egrave; come
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diff changeset
13667 tutte altre co$e di quattro principij compo$ta, &amp; prima &egrave; terrena, dapoi ha le fonti del-
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parents:
diff changeset
13668 l'humore dell'acqua, n&egrave; &egrave; $enza calore, d'onde il $olfo, il bitume, &amp; l'allume na$ce, &amp; in
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diff changeset
13669 fine ha gli $piriti grandi$simi dello aere, i quali uenendo pe$anti per le uene della cauerno-
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parents:
diff changeset
13670 $a terra al cauamento de i pozzi, iui trouano gli huomini, che cauano, con naturale uapore
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parents:
diff changeset
13671 nelle narici loro otturano gli $piriti animali, &amp; co$i chi pre$tamente da quei luoghi non $i
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parents:
diff changeset
13672 toglie, iui muore. Ma con che ragione $i po$$a que$to danno fuggire, co$i $i dee fare.
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parents:
diff changeset
13673 Mandi$i allo ingiu una lucerna acce$a, quella $e $tar&agrave; acce$a, $enza pericolo $i puo andare
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parents:
diff changeset
13674 al ba$$o; ma $e per la forza del uapore ella $ar&agrave; e$tinta, allhora lungo il pozzo dalla de$tra,
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diff changeset
13675 &amp; dalla $ini$tra caueranno$i gli $piraculi, da i quali come dalle narici gli $piriti u$cendo $i
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parents:
diff changeset
13676 dilegueranno, &amp; quando in que$to modo haueremo operato, &amp; $aremo peruenuti all'ac-
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parents:
diff changeset
13677 qua, allhora con la muratura deue e$$ere il pozzo in tal modo circondato, che le uene
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parents:
diff changeset
13678 non re$tino otturate. Ma $e i luoghi $aranno duri, o che nel fondo di fatto non $aranno
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parents:
diff changeset
13679 le uene, allhora da i tetti, o da i luoghi di $opra douemo raccogliere l'acqua copio$amen-
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parents:
diff changeset
13680 te nelle opere di te$tole; &amp; per fare que$te te$tole douemo prouedere prima di arena pu-
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parents:
diff changeset
13681 ri$sima, &amp; a$pri$sima, il cemento $ia netto di $elice non piu graue d'una libra, &amp; $ia nel
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parents:
diff changeset
13682 mortaio la calce forti$sima me$colata in modo, che a cinque parti d'arena due di calce ri-
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parents:
diff changeset
13683 $pondino; al mortaio $ia aggiunto poi il cemento di quello nella fo$$a a liuello dell'altez-
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parents:
diff changeset
13684 za, che $i uuole hauere, con mazze di legno ferrate $iano i pareti calcati, &amp; battuti i pare-
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parents:
diff changeset
13685 ti, il terreno di mezo $ia uotato al ba$$o liuello de i pareti, &amp; pareggiato il $uolo dallo $te$
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parents:
diff changeset
13686 $o mortaio $ia battuto, &amp; calcato il pauimento alla gro$$<*>zza, che $i uuole, &amp; quei luoghi
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parents:
diff changeset
13687 $e $aranno doppi, o tripli, accioche colando l'acque $i po$sino mutare, molto piu $ano ci
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parents:
diff changeset
13688 $ar&agrave; l'u$o di e$$e, percioche il fango quando ha doue dar giu, l'acqua $i fa piu chiara, &amp; $en
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parents:
diff changeset
13689 za cattiui odori con$eruar&agrave; il $apore, &amp; $e cio non fia deue$i aggiugnere il $ale, &amp; a$$otti-
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parents:
diff changeset
13690 gliar$i. Io ho po$to in que$to libro quanto ho potuto raccorre delle uirt&ugrave;, &amp; uariet&agrave; del-
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parents:
diff changeset
13691 l'acqua dimo$trando le $ue utilit&agrave;, &amp; con che ragione la $i po$$a condurre, &amp; prouare.
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parents:
diff changeset
13692 Nel $eguente io $criuer&ograve; de i regolati $tili da ombre, &amp; delle ragioni de gli horologi.
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parents:
diff changeset
13693 <p><I>Il Filandro in que$to libro dichiara molte belle co$e degne da e$$er lette per la dott<*>ina, &amp; co-
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parents:
diff changeset
13694 gnitione che in e$$e $i troua, per&ograve; e$orto gli $tudio$i a uederle, &amp; a leuarmi la fatica di $eruirmi
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parents:
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13695 delle co$e d'altri. Ben dir&ograve; alcune co$e per dichiaratione dell'ultimo capo, la cui $omma &egrave; que-
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parents:
diff changeset
13696 sta. Tratta in e$$o Vitr. di condur l'acque: &amp; dice e$$er tre modi di condurle, per riui, o cana-
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parents:
diff changeset
13697 li aperti, per canne di piombo, &amp; per trombe di terra cotta: &amp; dichiara come $i habbia a fare
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parents:
diff changeset
13698 in cia$cun modo, &amp; prima de i canali, &amp; c'in$egna a dare la $caduta dell'acqua, &amp; farli le $ue
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parents:
diff changeset
13699 con$erue, &amp; di$tribuirle all'u$o della citt&agrave;, &amp; come $i deono leuare gli impedimenti de i monti,
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parents:
diff changeset
13700 cauar le $pilonche, i tofi, i $a$$i, &amp; far i canali. Nel condur l'acque per le canne di piombo, egli
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parents:
diff changeset
13701 c'in$egna far le ba$che, o ca$telli, che egli dica: ci d&agrave; la mi$ura delle canne, &amp; quanto alla lun-
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parents:
diff changeset
13702 ghezza, &amp; quanto alla gro$$ezza: &amp; ci mo$tra come $i habbia a condur l'acqua per monti, per
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parents:
diff changeset
13703 ualli, &amp; per pianure, &amp; come $i habbia a prouedere, che facilmente $i acconci, doue le canne
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parents:
diff changeset
13704 far an danno. Di$corre poi come, $i habbia a reggere nel condur l'acque per trombe di te$tole,
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parents:
diff changeset
13705 &amp; dim<*>$tra come quelle $i hanno a porre &amp; $tagnar in$ieme, &amp; compara que$to modo di condur
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parents:
diff changeset
13706 l'acqua al modo delle canne di piombo, dimo$trando ch'&egrave; migliore &amp; piu $ano, &amp; di manco $pe-</I>
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parents:
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13707 <pb n="346">
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parents:
diff changeset
13708 <I>$a. Egli poi c'in$egna a cauare i pozzi, a tentar i uapori cattiui, che e$alano, a proueder, chel
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parents:
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13709 terreno non ci ca$chi addo$$o, a raccore l'acqua di$per$a, a non la$ciar perdere la raccolta, a for
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parents:
diff changeset
13710 tificare i lati del pozzo, a far le banche, &amp; a proueder, che l'acqua $ia buona. &amp; que$ta &egrave; la
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parents:
diff changeset
13711 $omma della intentione di Vitr. &amp; la mterpretatione &egrave; chiara: &amp; Palladio, &amp; Plinio pigliano
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parents:
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13712 tutte que$te co$e da Vitr. Actus chiama Vitr. lo $patio di cento &amp; uenti piedi. que$to raddoppi&agrave;-
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parents:
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13713 to per lungo faceua un iugero. Saburra &egrave; da noi detta la Saorna, che $i da alle naui. Fauilla &egrave;
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parents:
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13714 la reliquia de gli e$tinti carboni. E$tuaria $ignificagli $piragli: il nome delle lame, &egrave; pre$o dal
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parents:
diff changeset
13715 numero delle dita, perche $e prima, che $i pieghino in tondo $ono larghe cento dita $i chiamano
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parents:
diff changeset
13716 centenarie. $e cinquanta quinquagenarie, &amp; co$i nel resto. Ma de gli acquedutti copio$amen-
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parents:
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13717 te ne parla Frontino: Et da i libri di Herone $i puo cauare molti belli modi &amp; dilettei oli di $eruir
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13718 $i delle acque: il qual libro for$e un giorno u$cir&agrave; emendato, et $igurato come $i deue.</I>
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13719 <HEAD><I>Il Fine dell'Ottauo Libro.</I></HEAD>
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13720 <pb n="347">
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13721 <HEAD>LIBRO NONO</HEAD>
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parents:
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13722 <HEAD>DELL'AR CHITETTVRA DI
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13723 M. VITR VVIO.</HEAD>
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13724 <HEAD><I>Proemio.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
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13725 <p>Imaggiori de i Greci con$tituirono co$i grandi honori a quelli nobili
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parents:
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13726 A thleti, che uinto haue$$ero i giuochi Olimpij, Pithij, I$tmici, &amp; Ne-
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parents:
diff changeset
13727 mei, che non $olamente $tando quelli tra la moltitudine de gli huomi-
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parents:
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13728 ni ragunata, con la palma, &amp; con la corona riportano lode, ma anche
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parents:
diff changeset
13729 ritornati nelle patrie loro con uittoria trionfando nelle carrette $ono
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parents:
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13730 dentro delle mura, &amp; delle loro patrie portati, &amp; in uita loro per publi-
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parents:
diff changeset
13731 ca deliberatione uiueno d'entrata. Que$to adunque auuertendo io, prendo merauiglia,
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13732 perche cagione non $ono attribuiti gli i$te$si, &amp; ancho piu grandi honori a gli $crittori, i
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diff changeset
13733 quali del continuo a tutte le genti pre$tano infinite utilit&agrave;: imperoche piu degna co$a, &amp;
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13734 piu ragioneuole era, che que$to fu$$e ordinato, perche gli Athleti con lo e$$ercitio fan-
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13735 no i corpi loro piu robu$ti: ma gli $crittori non $olamente fanno perfetti i loro proprij
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diff changeset
13736 $entimenti, ma anchora di tutti apparecchiandogli ne i libri precetti, d'onde habbiano
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13737 ad imparare, &amp; rendere i loro animi piu acuti, &amp; ri$uegliati: perche di gratia mi $i dica, di
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diff changeset
13738 che giouamento &egrave; $tato a gli huomini Milone Crotoniate, perche egli $ia $tato in$upera-
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parents:
diff changeset
13739 bile, &amp; gli altri, che in quella maniera $ono $tati uincitori? $e non che e$si mentre ui$$ero
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diff changeset
13740 hanno tra $uoi cittadini hauuto la nobilta. Ma i precetti di Pithagora, di Democrito, di
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diff changeset
13741 Platone, &amp; di Ari$totile, &amp; di tutti gli altri $aui tutto il giorno di perpetua indu$tria orna
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parents:
diff changeset
13742 ti, non $olo a i loro cittadini, ma a tutte le genti fre$chi, &amp; fioriti frutti mandano in luce,
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diff changeset
13743 de i quali coloro, che da i teneri anni con abondanza di dottrine $i $ono $atiati, hanno ot-
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parents:
diff changeset
13744 timi $entimenti della $apienza, &amp; danno alle citt&agrave; co$tumi della humanit&agrave;, ragioni eguali,
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parents:
diff changeset
13745 &amp; leggi. Lequali co$e quando $ono lontane, niuna citt&agrave; puo $tare, &amp; con$eruar$i intiera.
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parents:
diff changeset
13746 E$$endo adunque dalla prudenza de gli $crittori co$i gran doni in priuato, &amp; in publico
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diff changeset
13747 a gli huomini apparecchiati, io pen$o, che non pure $i debbiano dare a quelli corone, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
13748 palme, ma anche per decreto deliberare di dargli trionfi, &amp; di con$ecrargli tra le $edi de
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diff changeset
13749 gli Dei. Io narrer&ograve; alcuni e$$empi di molti loro pen$ieri, che $ono $tati di gran gioua-
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diff changeset
13750 mento a gli huomini per pa$$are commodamente la uita loro, i quali chi uorr&agrave; ricono$ce-
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parents:
diff changeset
13751 re conuerr&agrave; confe$$are que$ti e$$er degni di grandi honori, &amp; prima io poner&ograve; una ragio-
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parents:
diff changeset
13752 ne di Platone tra molti utili$simi di$cor$i, in che maniera ella $ia $tata da lui e$plicata.
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parents:
diff changeset
13753 <p><I>Ispedite le ragioni che appartengono alle fabriche s&igrave; publiche, come priuate, hora $i
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parents:
diff changeset
13754 uiene alla $econda parte principale della Architettura detta Gnomonica: per la-
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parents:
diff changeset
13755 quale $i uedeno gli effetti, che fanno i lucenti corpi del cielo con i raggi loro nel
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parents:
diff changeset
13756 mondo. &amp; perche la ragione della parte pre$ente ci leua da terra mentre contem-
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parents:
diff changeset
13757 pla la diuinit&agrave; del cielo con la grandezza, bellezza, &amp; $uo ueloci$$imo mouimento, per&ograve; Vitru.
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parents:
diff changeset
13758 pone un proemio a $imile trattamento conuenienti$$imo: parendogli, che quelli huomini, i quali
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diff changeset
13759 hanno trouato le $ottili$$ime ragioni delle alte co$e digni$$imi $ieno de gli honori cele$ti, perche
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parents:
diff changeset
13760 non tanto alle dignit&agrave; loro, quanto al beneficio commune hanno riguardato, &amp; non in un tem-
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parents:
diff changeset
13761 po, in una et&agrave;, in un $ecolo $olo, ma del continuo $ono, &amp; $aranno $empre di perpetuo giouamen-</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
13762 <foot><I>ZZ</I></foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
13763 <pb n="348">
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parents:
diff changeset
13764 <I>to, &amp; quanto &egrave; piu nobile, &amp; piu pre$tante l'animo del corpo, tanto &egrave; piu degna la uirtu d'ogui
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
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13765 altro bene. Felici adunque chiamar $i po$$ono quelli $aui, che con belle, &amp; $ottili inuentioni s'han
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parents:
diff changeset
13766 no procacciato quella lode, &amp; quella gloria, il frutto dellaquale, &egrave; pa$$ato in eterno beneficio del
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parents:
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13767 mondo, &amp; tanto piu, quanto ci hanno mo$trato le co$e nobili, &amp; precio$eiche $i come &egrave; piu grato
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parents:
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13768 all'huomo, &amp; piu giocondo uedere una minima parte delle loro amate co$e, che trattare le mem-
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parents:
diff changeset
13769 bra di tutti gli altri corpi, co$i &egrave; piu degno $apere una minima ragione delle alte, &amp; rimote co$e,
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parents:
diff changeset
13770 che entrare nella cognitione di molte, che ci $ono famigliari. &amp; per&ograve; ben dice un poeta.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
13771 <p><I>Veramente felici, &amp; fortunate
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parents:
diff changeset
13772 Furon quell'alme, a quai prima fu dato
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parents:
diff changeset
13773 Cono$cer co$e s&igrave; belle, e pregiate:</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13774 <p><I>Ben lor $ucce$$e quel pen$ier beato,
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parents:
diff changeset
13775 Che fu di a$cender a i stellati chiostri,
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parents:
diff changeset
13776 Et pareggiar con la uirtute il $ato.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
13777 <p><I>Questo &egrave; credibil, che gli horrendi mo stri
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parents:
diff changeset
13778 I'ince$$er de gli errori, &amp; ch'ogni gioco,
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13779 La$cia$$er, che ammolli$ce i petti nostri.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13780 <p><I>Non $cald&ograve; i cuori lor l'ardente foco
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parents:
diff changeset
13781 Di Venere crudel, n&egrave; uino, o co$a
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13782 Che impedi$$e il lor cor$o, o molto o poco.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13783 <p><I>Non la turba del foro litigio$a,
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parents:
diff changeset
13784 Non la dura militia, non la uana
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13785 Ambitione di gloria pompo$a.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13786 <p><I>L'ingordigia dell'oro empia e inhumana
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13787 Non pieg&ograve; punto gli animi di quelli,
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parents:
diff changeset
13788 Ch'eran riuolti alla parte $oprana.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13789 <p><I>Chiuorr&agrave; adunque comparare $imili huomini a gli Athleti? chi a gladiatori od'altri, che per
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parents:
diff changeset
13790 uittorie, o beneficij pre$enti s'hanno obligati alcuni pochi? Meritamente adunque douemo con
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parents:
diff changeset
13791 Vitr. giudicare, che gli inuentori delle utili, &amp; belle co$e meritino piu presto gli honori celesti,
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parents:
diff changeset
13792 che quelli, i quali a tempo de Greci fiorirono di gloria per le forze del corpo dimostrate in que
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parents:
diff changeset
13793 giuochi, che ad honore di diuer$i Dei, &amp; heroi co$i pompo$amente, &amp; con tanto concor$o di
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parents:
diff changeset
13794 popoli $i celebrauano, come erano i giuochi Olimpij in honore di Gioue, i Pithij in bonore di A-
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parents:
diff changeset
13795 polline, i Nemei in honore di Archimoro, gli Isthmici in honore di Palemone. Ma la$ciamo
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parents:
diff changeset
13796 quello, che in Vitr. &egrave; manifesto, &amp; uegnamo ad alcune belle inuentioni di alcuni antichi $aui, &amp;
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parents:
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13797 prima di Platone nel primo capo, poi di Pithagora nel $econdo, &amp; in fine di Archimede, di Era-
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parents:
diff changeset
13798 tosthene, &amp; di Archita nel ter zo: auuertendo che questo nome di Gnomonica $i estende molto
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parents:
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13799 piu di quello, che Vitr. pote$$e intendere nel pre$ente luogo.</I>
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parents:
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13800 <HEAD><I>Il modo ritrouato da Platone per mi$urare un campo
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parents:
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13801 di terra. Cap. I.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
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13802 <p>SE il luogo ouero il campo di lati eguali $ar&agrave; quadrato, &amp; bi$ogno fia di nuo-
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parents:
diff changeset
13803 uo con lati eguali raddoppiarlo, perche que$to per numeri, o per moltipli-
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parents:
diff changeset
13804 catione non $i ritroua, per&ograve; $i puo fare con emendate de$crittioni di linee.
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parents:
diff changeset
13805 Et que$ta &egrave; la dimo$tratione. Certo &egrave; che uno quadro di dieci piedi per ogni
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parents:
diff changeset
13806 lato, &egrave; piedi cento per quadro. Se adunque &egrave; bi$ogno di raddoppiarlo, &amp; fare uno $patio
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parents:
diff changeset
13807 di ducento piedi, &amp; che $ia di lati eguali; egli $i deue cercare quanto $i deue fare un lato
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parents:
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13808 di quello quadrato, accioche da quello alli raddoppiamenti dello $pacio ri$pondino du-
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parents:
diff changeset
13809 cento piedi. Que$to per uia di numeri niuno puo ritrouare: perche $e egli $i fa uno lato
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parents:
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13810 di quattordici pi edi moltiplicando uerr&agrave; alla $omma di cento nouanta $ei, $e di quindici
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parents:
diff changeset
13811 far&agrave; ducento, &amp; uenticinque: &amp; per&ograve;, perche que$to per uia di numeri non $i fa manife-
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parents:
diff changeset
13812 $to, egli $i deue nel quadrato, che &egrave; di dieci piedi per ogni lato tirare una linea da uno an
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13813 gulo all'altro in modo, che il quadrato $ia partito in due triangoli eguali, &amp; cia$cuno de
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diff changeset
13814 i detti triangoli $ia di piedi cinquanta di piano. Adunque $econdo la lunghezza della de-
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diff changeset
13815 $critta linea egli $i deue fare uno piano quadrato di lati eguali: &amp; co$i quanto grandi $aran
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diff changeset
13816 no i due trianguli nel quadrato minore di piedi cinquanta, con la linea diagonale di$e-
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13817 gnati, tanto con quello i$te$$o numero di piedi, nel quadrato maggiore $aranno de$critti
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13818 <pb n="349">
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13819 quatrro ttiangoli. Con quella ragione (come appare per la $ottopo$ta figura) per uia
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diff changeset
13820 di linee da Platone $u fatto il raddoppiamento del campo quadrato.
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diff changeset
13821 <p><I>Qui non ci &egrave; altro che dichiarire per hora, e$$endo Vitr. da $e manifesto, &amp; chiaro: impero-
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diff changeset
13822 che il quadrato $i raddoppia tirando la diagonale, &amp; di quella $acendo un lato del quadraio, che
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diff changeset
13823 deue e$$er doppio al primo. Ecco il quadrato a b c d. da e$$ere raddoppiato, &egrave; di dieci piedi
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diff changeset
13824 per lato. La diagonale &egrave;, a b. che lo parte m due trianguli a d b. &amp; a c b. di piedi
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diff changeset
13825 cinquania l'uno di piano. Della diagonale a b. $i fa un lato a b dfe. che &egrave; doppio al qua-
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diff changeset
13826 drato a b c d. Puo ben e$$ere che la diagonale $i troui per uia di numeri, ma ci potranno an-
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diff changeset
13827 che entrare de i rotti, ilche non &egrave; al propo$ito nostro. Egli $i ritruoua la diagonale a questo mo-
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parents:
diff changeset
13828 do. Moltiplica due lati del quadrato in $e cia$cuno $eparatamente, &amp; raccogli in$ieme tutta
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diff changeset
13829 la $omma di quella moltiplicatione, &amp; cauane di quella la radice quadrata, tanto $ar&agrave; la diago-
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diff changeset
13830 nale. Ecco $ia il quadrato a b c d. di piedi cinque per lato, moltiplica a b. in $e, cio&egrave; cin-
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parents:
diff changeset
13831 que uia cinque fa uenticinque, &amp; co$i farai del lato b c. che far&agrave; $imilmente uenticinque,
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parents:
diff changeset
13832 che posti in$ieme col primo uenticinque produce cinquanta. la cui radice quadrata &egrave;</I> 7 1/14 <I>&amp;
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diff changeset
13833 di tanti piedi $ar&agrave; la diagonale. $imilmente farai nelle altre figure quadre di anguli dritti, co
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parents:
diff changeset
13834 me nella figura e f g h.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
13835 <HEAD><I>Della $quadra inuentione di Pitagor a per formare l'an-
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parents:
diff changeset
13836 gulo giusto. Cap. II.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
13837 <p>Pitagora $imilmente' dimo$tr&ograve; la $quadra ritrouata $enza opera di artefice alcu-
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parents:
diff changeset
13838 no, &amp; fece chiaro con quanto grande fatica i fabri facendola, a pena la po$$o-
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parents:
diff changeset
13839 no al giu$to ridurre. Que$ta co$a con ragioni, &amp; uie emendata, da $uoi pre-
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parents:
diff changeset
13840 cetti $i manife$ta: perche $e egli $i prender&agrave; tre regole, una di piedi tre, l'altra
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diff changeset
13841 di quattro, la terza di cinque, &amp; que$te regole compo$te $iano, che con i capi $i tocchino
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parents:
diff changeset
13842 in$ieme facendo una figura triangulare, condurranno la $quadra giu$ta; &amp; alle lunghezze
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parents:
diff changeset
13843 di cia$cuna regola, $i far&agrave; uno quadrato di lati eguali, dico, che del lato di tre piedi $i fa-
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parents:
diff changeset
13844 r&agrave; un quadrato di noue piedi, &amp; di quello, che $ar&agrave; di quattro piedi $i far&agrave; uno quadrato
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parents:
diff changeset
13845 di $edici piedi, &amp; di quello, che $ar&agrave; di cinque, $e ne far&agrave; uno di uenticinque, &amp; co$i quan-
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parents:
diff changeset
13846 to di $pacio $ar&agrave; occupato da due quadri, l'uno di tre, l'altro di quattro piedi per lato, tan
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parents:
diff changeset
13847 to numero di piedi quadri uenir&agrave; dal quadrato tirato $econdo il lato di cinque piedi. Ha-
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parents:
diff changeset
13848 uendo Pitagora ritrouato que$to, n&egrave; dubitando di non e$$ere $tato in quella inuentione
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parents:
diff changeset
13849 dalle Mu$e ammae$trato, riferendole grandi$sime gratie, $i dice, che a quelle $acrificio
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parents:
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13850 fece delle uittime: &amp; quella ragione come in molte co$e, &amp; in molte mi$ure &egrave; utile, co$i
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parents:
diff changeset
13851 negli edificij per fare le $cale, acciochei gradi $ieno di proportionata mi$ura, &egrave; molto e$pe
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parents:
diff changeset
13852 dita: perche $e l'altezza del palco da i capi della trauatura al liuello, &amp; piano da ba$$o $ar&agrave;
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diff changeset
13853 in tre parti diui$a, la a$ce$a delle $cale $ar&agrave; in cinque parti di quelle con giu$ta lunghezza
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parents:
diff changeset
13854 de i fu$ti: perche quanto grandi $aranno le tre parti dalla $omma trauatura al liuello di $ot
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diff changeset
13855 to, quattro di quelle $i hanno a tirare in fuori, &amp; $co$tar$i dal dritto: perche a que$to mo-
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parents:
diff changeset
13856 do $aranno moderate le collocationi de i gradi, &amp; delle $cale: &amp; co$i anche di tal co$a $a-
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parents:
diff changeset
13857 r&agrave; di$egnata la forma.
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parents:
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13858 <p><I>Pone Vitr. la inuentione della $quadra, &amp; l'utile, che $i caua da quella. Pitagora huomo
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parents:
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13859 diuino in molte co$e fu lo inuentore della ragione della $quadra, nel che egli trapa<02>&ograve; digran lun-
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parents:
diff changeset
13860 ga la inuentione di molti artefici eccellenti, &amp; per&ograve; merita grandi$$ima commendatione. La $qua
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parents:
diff changeset
13861 dra $i fa di tre righe po$te in triangolo, $i che la lunghezza di una $ia di tre, dell'altra di quat-
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parents:
diff changeset
13862 tro, della terza di cinque parti. da que$ta inuentione $i comprende, che facendo$i tre quadri per
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parents:
diff changeset
13863 fetti, $econdo la lungbezza di cia$cuna rigail quadr o fatto dalla riga di cinque parti, $ar&agrave; tan-</I>
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parents:
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13864 <foot><I>ZZ</I> 2</foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
13865 <pb n="350">
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parents:
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13866 <I>to grande, &amp; capir&agrave; tanto, quanto i due quadri $atti dalle due altre righe, come $i uede per la fi-
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parents:
diff changeset
13867 gura $otto$critta. L'u$o della $quadra in tutte $orti di fabriche, &amp; di edificij &egrave; molto utile, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
13868 nece$$ario, &amp; troppo $arebbe lunga co$a il ragionarne partitamente: ma in $omma que$to &egrave;, che
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
13869 lo angulo giu$to &egrave; mi$ura di tutte le co$e, la doue i Quadranti, i Raggi, i Triangoli, &amp; ogni al-
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parents:
diff changeset
13870 tro $trumento, col quale $i mi$ura l'altezze, le lunghezze, &amp; larghezze, tutti hanno la lor uir
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parents:
diff changeset
13871 t&ugrave; nello angulo giu$to, che nella $quadra, che norma $i chiama &egrave; collocato: per&ograve; Vitr. fuggendo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
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13872 la noia, ci porta $olamente un mir abile u$o di quella, che &egrave; po$to nel proportionare le $cale, &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
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13873 le $alite di modo, che $iano commode, &amp; atte per montarui. Noi, perche delle $cale non haue-
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parents:
diff changeset
13874 mo fatto mentione fin hora, ne ragionaremo al pre$ente. Il porre le $cale ricerca giudicio, &amp;
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parents:
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13875 i$perienza piu che mediocre, perche &egrave; molto difficile di trouarle luogo, che non impedi$ca, o rub
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parents:
diff changeset
13876 bi il compartimento delle $tanze, per&ograve; chi non uuole e$$ere impedito dalle $cale, non impedi$ca
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parents:
diff changeset
13877 egli le $cale, &amp; proueda di darle un certo, &amp; determinato $patio, accioche $iano libere, &amp; di$-
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parents:
diff changeset
13878 obbligate. perche a$$ai commode $aranno, la doue daranno meno incommodo. Qui $i ragiona
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parents:
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13879 delle $cale, &amp; $alite de gli edificij, &amp; non delle $cale, che $erueno all'u$o della guerra. Delle $ca
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parents:
diff changeset
13880 le adunque $i hanno a con$iderare le maniere, il luogo, l'apriture, la figura, il numero de gradi,
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parents:
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13881 &amp; la requie. Egli $i a$cende al di$opra o per gradi, o per $alite, &amp; montate pendenti. Le montate $i
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parents:
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13882 u$ano ne i gran palagi, &amp; ca$e regali, &amp; $ono molto commode, perche la $alita $i fa a poco a
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parents:
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13883 poco, $enza grande mouimento, $pecialmente quando $i ha que$ta uia di farle piu piane, che $i
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13884 puo, &amp; a que$to modo $i fanno anche le $alite de i monti per opera de gli huomini. Ma quelle
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13885 $cale, che hanno gradi deono e$$er $imilmente commode, &amp; lumino$e. commode $aranno quan-
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parents:
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13886 do $i $eruer&agrave; la proportione della qual diremo, &amp; $e daranno meno incommodo (come ho det-
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parents:
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13887 to) proportionate deono e$$er, &amp; quanto a tutta la $cala, &amp; quanto a i gradi; alche fare ci gio
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13888 ua la ragione, &amp; la figura po$ta da Vitr. Lumino$e $aranno, per la ragione detta altroue di pi-
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parents:
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13889 gliar i lumi, &amp; per lo giudicio dello Architetto. Il numero de i gradi, &amp; de i ripo$i (perche
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13890 egli $i deue auuertire di non fare molti gradi $enza requie di mezo) &egrave; $econdo gli antichi, che non
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13891 $i facciano piu di $ette, o noue gradi $enza un piano: s&igrave; per dar ripo$o a chi nel $alire $i $tancaua,
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13892 s&igrave; perche cadendo alcuno, non cade$$e da luogo molto alto, ma haue$$e doue fermar$i. L'altez-
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13893 za de igradi, &amp; i piani, $i deono fare in modo, che quanto meno $i puo il piede $i affatichi alzan
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13894 do$i: Non bi$ogna pa$$are le mi$ure di Vitr. date nel terzo libro, cio&egrave; farli maggiori, ma bene
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13895 ci torner&agrave; a propo$ito ne i priuati edificij accommodarli piu che $i puo. Le $cale a lumaca $pe$$o
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13896 danno gran commodit&agrave; a gli edi$icij perche non occupano molto luogo, ma $ono piu difficili, $e $i
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13897 fanno per nece$$it&agrave;. Nella Lamagna per l'ordinario le $cale $ono ne gli anguli de gli edificij, il
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13898 che &egrave; difetto$o: perche n&egrave; fine$tra, n&egrave; nicchio, n&egrave; $cala, n&egrave; apritura alcuna deue e$$er po$ta ne
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13899 gli anguli delle ca$e, i quali anguli douendo e$$ere $odi$$imi, quando $ono aperti, s'indeboli$ceuo.
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13900 In $omma il numero delle $cale non &egrave; lodato, perche &egrave; di molto impedimento a tutta la fabrica,
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13901 &amp; la moltitudine de i gradi aggraua lo edificio. Hanno le $cale tre apriture, una all'intraia
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13902 dal piedi, l'altra doue $ono i lumi, la terza &egrave; la riu$cita di $opra. Tutte deono e$$ere ampie, &amp;
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13903 magnifiche, (intendo delle $cale principali $pecialmente) &amp; qua$i deono inuitare le genti alla
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13904 $alita. Per&ograve; la prima entrata, &amp; la bocca della $cala deue e$$ere in luogo, che $ubito $i ueda
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13905 dentro della entrata. Il lume deue e$$er alto, perohe dia lume egualmente a tutti i gradi. Qui
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13906 ci $erue la ragione dell'ombra, &amp; $i troua che quella proportione, che hauer&agrave; l'ombra con tutta
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13907 l'altezza della $cala, la mede$ma hauer&agrave; l'altezza d'un grado col piano d'un'altro. Lariu$cita
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13908 deue riporci in luogo, che la $ala $i ueda tutta egualmente, &amp; i lumi delle fine$tre ci uenghino
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13909 nel mezo, &amp; di numero di$pari, &amp; $i cono$ch i lo incontro delle porte delle $tanze da una parte,
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13910 &amp; dall'altra della $ala: &amp; tanto $ia detto delle regole delle $cale. Ma mirabilmente s'impara
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13911 uedendo$i le co$e fatte da gli antichi, &amp; i belli auuertiment i, che hanno hauuto: come $arebbe
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13912 nel belli$$imo edificio della ritonda, doue le $cale, che uanno di dentro uia $e bene $ono a lumaca,
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13913 per&ograve; non uanno circolarmente, ma in triangolo, il che prouede a quelli, che gir ando pati$ceno</I>
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13914 <pb n="351">
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parents:
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13915 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
13916 <pb n="352">
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13917 <I>per la debolezza del capo, la uertigine. Similmente i gradi, che uanno $u la tribuna didetto
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13918 Tempio hanno i loro piani piegati in entro, perche $e uno di$cendendo cade$$e, hauendo il calca-
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parents:
diff changeset
13919 gno piu ba$$o, che la punta del piede, fu$$e forzato a dare in dietro, &amp; non cadere inanzi. Bel-
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diff changeset
13920 lc $ono anche le $cale di alcuni moderni. come $i uede nel mirabile palazzo d'Vrbino, &amp; anche
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13921 in Roma le $cale del palazzo. &amp; altroue, che ci portano molto lume, &amp; ci fanno molto auuer-
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13922 titi. Hora quanto appartiene a Vitr. dico, che egli uuole, che dalla $quadra $i prenda la mi$u-
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parents:
diff changeset
13923 ra della $cala. Imperoche dal $olaro al piano, per linea perpendicolare uuole, che lo $patio $ia
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parents:
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13924 diui$o in tre parti, &amp; di doue cade il piombo $i tiri una linea in fuori, che $ia diui$a m quattro
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parents:
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13925 parti eguali cia$cuna a cia$cuna delle tre. Se adunque dall'altro capo del piano, $ar&agrave; tirata una
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parents:
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13926 Linea alta $ommit &agrave; della perpendicolare, che $ia di cinque parti, allhora compartendo$i i gradi$o
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parents:
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13927 pra quella, $ar&agrave; la $cala commoda, &amp; proportionata, come ci mo$tra la figura. Delle $cale a
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parents:
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13928 lumaca doueria $imilmente Vitr. hauerne ragionato, $e qui fu$$e $tato il luogo $uo. Maquello,
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parents:
diff changeset
13929 che egli ha detto delle $cale &egrave; $tato per occa$ione, &amp; per dimo$trare, l'u$o della $quadra; &amp; $e be
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parents:
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13930 ne altroue non ne ha detto, non per&ograve; ci ha la$ciato $enza occa$ione di potere da noi trouare il mo
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parents:
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13931 do di farle. Conuengono le $cale dritte con le torte nella mi$ura, &amp; commodit&agrave; de igradi: con-
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parents:
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13932 uengono nelle apriture, &amp; in altre co$e, ma que$ta &egrave; la differenza, che il fu$to delle $cale dritte,
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parents:
diff changeset
13933 che &egrave; detto, Scapo, da Vitr. &egrave; una linea dritta, che dalla $ommit&agrave; al piano di$cende, come hipo-
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parents:
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13934 tenu$a, o diagonale: ma il fu$to delle $cale a lumaca &egrave; dritto a piombo, &amp; d'intorno a quello, co-
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parents:
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13935 me ad un perno $ono i gradi, benche anche $ifacciano le lumache $enza fu$to. Que$te $cale erano
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parents:
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13936 fatte da gli antichi per$alire a luoghi alti<02>imi, come $ono colonne, piramidi, &amp; altri grandi$$i-
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parents:
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13937 mi ed ficij. Lapianta delle lumache &egrave; come una uoluta, la eleuatione $i fa da certi punti della
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parents:
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13938 uoluta. per&ograve; Alberto Durero ce la in$egna nel primo libro della $ua Geometria. Noi hauemo me$-
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parents:
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13939 $o la figura, &amp; la pro$pettiua, in$ieme con le $opradette dimo$trationi.</I>
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parents:
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13940 <HEAD><I>Come $i po$$a cono$cer una portione d'argento me$-
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13941 colata con l'oro finita l'opera. Cap. III.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
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13942 <p>Es$endo $tate molte, &amp; merauiglio$e inuentioni quelle di Archimede, di tutte
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parents:
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13943 con infinita $olertia, quella, che io e$ponci&ograve;, pare, che troppo $ia $tata
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parents:
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13944 e$pre$$a. Imperoche Ierone nobilitato della regia pote$t&agrave; nella citt&agrave; di Sira-
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parents:
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13945 cu$a, e$$endogli le co$e pro$peramente $ucce$$e, &amp; hauendo deliberato di por
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13946 re al Tempio una corona d'oro uotiua, &amp; di con$ecrarla a i Dei immortali, per grandi$-
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parents:
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13947 $imo pretio la diede a fare, dando a colui, che $i pre$e il carico di farla, a pe$o la quantit&agrave;
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13948 dell'oro. Que$ti al tempo debito approu&ograve; al Re l'opera $ottilmente fatta con le mani,
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13949 &amp; parue che al giu$to pe$o dell'oro re$titui$$e la corona. Ma poi, che fu inditiato, che
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13950 leuatone una quantit&agrave; di oro, altrettanto di argento in quella po$to haue$$e, Ierone $de-
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13951 gnato di e$$ere $tato sbeffato, n&egrave; potendo hauere la ragione, con che egli $copri$$e il fur-
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13952 to, preg&ograve; Archimede, che prender uole$$e la cura di ricono$cere il fatto, pen$andoui
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13953 molto ben $opra. Hauendo$i Archimede allhora pre$o il pen$iero di que$to, per ca$o en
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parents:
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13954 tr&ograve; in un bagno. Et iui nel $oglio di$ce$o gli uenne ueduto, che quanto del corpo $uo
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13955 ci entraua dentro, tanto di acqua fuori del $oglio ne u$ciua. per il che hauendo ritrouato
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13956 la ragione di potere dimo$trare la propo$ta, non dimor&ograve; punto, ma uicito con grande al
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parents:
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13957 legrezza del $oglio, &amp; andando ignudo uer$o ca$a, dim o$traua ad alta uoce d'hauere ritro
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13958 uato quello, che egli cercaua, perche correndo tutta uia gridaua in Greco. Eurica, Eu-
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13959 rica, cio&egrave; io ho trouato, io ho trouato. Dapoi che egli hebbe l'ingre$$o di quella inuentio
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parents:
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13960 ne, fece due ma$$e di pe$o eguale cia$cuna alla corona, delle quali una era d'oro, l'altra
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parents:
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13961 di argento, &amp; hauendo que$to fatto, emp&igrave; fin all'orlo d'acqua un ampio ua$o, &amp; prima ui
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parents:
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13962 <pb n="353">
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parents:
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13963 po$e dentro la ma$$a dello argento, della quale, quanto entr&ograve; di grandezza tanto ne u$cl
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parents:
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13964 di humore, co$i trattone la ma$$a rifu$e tanta acqua, che riempi$ce il ua$o, hauendola col
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parents:
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13965 $e$tario mi$urata, $i che all'i$te$$o modo di prima s'agguaglia$$e collabro. Et da quello
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parents:
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13966 egli ritron&ograve; quanto ad un terminato pe$o d'argento certa, &amp; determinata mi$ura d'acqua
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parents:
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13967 ri$ponde$$e. Et hauendo que$to prouato depo$e la ma$$a dell'oro nel ua$o $imilmente
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13968 pieno, &amp; trattala fuori, con la i$te$$a ragione aggiuntaui la mi$ura, trou&ograve;, che non ci era
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13969 u$cita tanta acqua, ma tanto meno, quanto in grandezza del corpo con lo i$te$$o pe$o era la
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13970 ma$$a dell'oro minore della ma$$a di argento in fine riempito il ua$o, &amp; po$ta nella i$te$$a
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13971 acqua la corona, trou&ograve;, che piu di acqua era u$cita fuori per la corona, che per la ma$$a
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13972 dell'oro dello i$te$$o pe$o. &amp; co$i facendo la ragione da quello, che era piu dalla corona,
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13973 che dalla ma$$a u$cito c&oacute;pre$e, che iui era me$colato l'oro con l'argento, &amp; fece manife$to
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13974 il furto di colui, che s'haueua pre$o il carico di far la corona.
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13975 <p><I>Il fuoco tra tutti gli elementi &egrave; leggieri<02>imo, perche (come s'&egrave; detto nel $econdo libro) a tutti
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13976 gli altri $opra st&agrave;. Graui$$ima &egrave; la terra, perche a tutti gli altri $ottogiace. L'aere, &amp; l'ac-
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13977 qua non $ono a$$olutamente graui, n&egrave; lieui, ma in ri$petto. Perche l'aere all'acqua $opra$cende.
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13978 alfuoco di$cende; l'acqua $ale $opra la terra, &amp; cala nello aere. Similmente le co$e compo$te
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13979 de gli elementi hanno quel mouimento, che loro d&agrave; quello elemento, che preuale nella compo$i-
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13980 tione. La doue le co$e, che nell a mistura loro hanno piu dell'aere, o del fuoco, a$cendeno, co-
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13981 me $ono i fumi, i uapori, le $cintille, il fuoco materiale qua giu, &amp; altre exhalationi, &amp; $piriti.
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13982 Male co$e, che hanno in $e piu di acqua, o di terra, $imuoueno a quella parte doue l'acqua, o
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13983 laterra le inclina. Oltra di que$to ogni elemento nel $uo luogo naturale ripo$a, come l'acqua nel
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13984 luogo dell'acqua, la terra nel luogo della terra, &amp; $imilmente gli altri. Que$ta compara-
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13985 tione non riguarda alla quantit&agrave; del pe$o, ma alle $pecie della grauit&agrave;. Perche altro &egrave; a dire, che
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13986 una gran traue pe$a piu, che una lametta di piombo, altro, che il piombo $ia piu graue del legno.
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13987 Perche $e bene la traue &egrave; maggiore in quantit&agrave; di pe$o, &egrave; per&ograve; in quanto alla $pecie di graui-
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13988 t&agrave; piu leggieri, percioche uedemo il piombo nell'a cqua di$cendere, &amp; il legno $opranotare. Ac-
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13989 cioche adunque egli $i po$$a $apere le $pecie della grauit&agrave;, &egrave; nece$$ario pigliare grandezze eguali
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13990 di corpi perfetti, &amp; $e egli $i trouer&agrave;, che $iano dipe$o eguale, egli $i potr&agrave; dire, che $iano m
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13991 $pecie egualmente graui. Ma$e una qual $i uoglia di quelle grandezze eguali $ar&agrave; di pe$o maggio
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13992 re, $enza dubbio $i potr&agrave; affermare, che il corpo di e$$a $ar&agrave; di $pecie piu graue. Ecco lo e$$em-
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13993 pio. Prendi tanto dimarmo quanto di legno o di acqua: Io dico, che quanto alla grandezza, ue
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13994 derai, che il marmo pe$a piu che il legno, o l'acqua, &amp; il legno leggieri$$imo, perche st&agrave; $opra
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13995 l'acqua, il marmo graui<02>imo, perche di$cende nell'acqua. Per&ograve; $i puo concludere, che l'acqua
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13996 $ia piu lieue del marmo, ma del legno in $pecie piu graue. La onde di due corpi diuer$i, &amp; d'uno
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13997 iste$$o pe$o, quello $ar&agrave; maggiore di grandezza, che di $pecie $ar&agrave; piu lieue di pe$o. Et per&ograve; di
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13998 due ma$$e una d'oro, l'altra d'argento, che $iano di pe$o eguale, la ma$$a di argento $ar&agrave; di mag-
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13999 gior grandezza. Da questa ragione aiutato Archimede $copr&igrave; il furto dell'orefice. Percioche
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14000 po$e cia$cuna ma$$a $eparatamente in un ua$o pieno d'acqua, &amp; mi$ur&ograve; quanto d'acqua era u$ci-
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14001 ta del ua$o per l'una, &amp; per l'altra ma$$a, &amp; uedendo, che per la ma$$a d'argento era u$cita
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14002 piu acqua, che per la ma$$a d'oro, imperoche era di grandezza maggiore, pre$e la corona lauo-
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14003 rata, della quale egli a richie$ta di Ierone faceua la proua. La quale era pari di pe$o a cia$cu-
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14004 na delle due ma$$e, &amp; la po$e nel ua$o, del quale u$c&igrave; piu acqua per la corona, che per la ma$$a
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14005 d'oro, &amp; meno, che per la ma$$a d'argento. &amp; regolato per la regola delle proportionali, co-
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14006 gnobbe non $olamente la corona e$$ere stata fal$ificata, ma anche di quanto era ingannato Iero-
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14007 ne. La occa$ione, che egli hebbe di $i bella inuentione fu l'acqua, che u$ci del ua$o, che Vitr.
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14008 chiama, Solium, quando egli entr&ograve; nel ua$o per lauar$i. &amp; per&ograve; mo$$o da quel piacere, che
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14009 $uol partorire la inuentione, (come dice Vitr. nel primo libro al terzo capo) nudo correndo
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14010 gridaua in Greco. Eurica, Eurica, cio&egrave; ho trouato, ho trouato.</I>
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14011 <pb n="354">
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14012 <p>Hora transfcriamo la mente a i pen$ieri di Archita Tarentino, &amp; di Eratho$tene Cire-
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14013 neo, perche que$ti huomini hanno ritrouato molte co$e dalle mathematice grate a gli huo
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14014 mini. Et benche habbian piacciuto nelle altre inuentioni, niente di manco nel conten-
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14015 dere di una $ono $tati $o$petti. Percioche cia$cuno con diuer$a ragione $i &egrave; forzato di e$pli
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14016 care quello che Apollo nelle ri$po$te in Delo haueua comandato: cio&egrave;, che raddoppiato
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14017 fu$$e il numero de i piedi quadri, che haucua il $uo altare, donde ne $arebbe auuenuto,
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14018 che chiunque $i haue$$e in quella i$ola ritrouato, fu$$e allhora dalla religione liberato. Et
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14019 per&ograve; Archita con le de$crittioni de i cilindri, Erato$thene con la ragione in$trumentale
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14020 del me$olabio e$plicorno la i$te$$a co$a.
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14021 <p><I>Dice Vitru. che lc inuentioni di Archita, &amp; di Erato$thene $ono $tate grate a gli huomini, ma
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14022 trattando amendue una que$tione i$te$$a, &amp; forzando$i cia$cuno per diuer$e uie ri$oluerl a, hanno
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14023 dato $o$petto: non perche una qui$tione non $i po$$a $ciogliere a diuer$i modi: ma perche le genti
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14024 che non $anno, uedendo, che Archita u$aua una uia, &amp; Erato$thene un'altra, $o$pettauano per la
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14025 loro concorrenza, pen$ando che guerreggia$$ero a proua. come $e uno piglia<02>e l'altezza d'una
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14026 torre col quadrante, l'altro con lo $pecchio, il terzo con due dardi, &amp; l'altro in $omma con l'A-
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14027 $trolabio, o con il raggio mathematico, non $apendo il uulgo, che di tutti que$ti, &amp; altri in$tru-
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14028 menti fu$$e una ragione i$te$$a, pre$a dalla propriet&agrave;, &amp; forza de gli anguli, $o$picherebbe, che
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14029 quella concorrenza de i mi$uratori non intrica$$e il uero, con la diuer$it&agrave; de gli in$trumenti. Il
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14030 medefimo auuenne dalla concorrenza di Archita, &amp; d Erato$thene. La proposta era come $i
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14031 doue$$e raddoppiare un cubo. Cubo &egrave; corpo (come ho detto nel proemio del quinto libro) di $ei
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14032 faccie, &amp; di $ei lati eguali, come un dado; &amp; $i mi$ura, moltiplicando uno de' $uoi lati in $e $te$$o,
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14033 &amp; di nuouo moltiplicando il prodotto per lo iste$$o lato. come per e$$empio $i uede. Dato ci
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14034 $ia il cubo di cui cia$cuno de i lati $ia otto: moltiplica otto in $e, ne uiene $e$$anta quattro, molti-
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14035 plica poi $e$$antaquattro per otto, ne uiene cinquecento &amp; dodici, &amp; tanti piedi cubi $aranno
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14036 nel detto cubo. Hauendo$i adunque formato il cubo di cinquecento &amp; dodici piedi, bi$ogna $e-
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14037 condo la dimanda raddoppiarlo. Alche fare cio $erue il $apere come tra due linee dritte, &amp; di-
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14038 $eguali, che ci $aranno propo$te, ne po$$iamo trouare due altre di mezo, che habbiano continua-
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14039 ta proportione tra $e, &amp; con le prime.</I> P<I>er uolere adunque trouare queste linee proportionate,
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14040 undici modi ci $ono $tati propo$ti da gli antichi. Altri hanno u$ato le dimostrationi mathemati-
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14041 che $olamente, altri anche hanno alle dimostratio ni aggiunti gli in$trumenti. Que$ti in$trumenti
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14042 conueniuano nel nome, perche me$olabio era nome commune, che $ignifica instrumento da pi-
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14043 gliare il mezo, imperoche con quello instrumento $i trouano le linee proportionali di mezo alle
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14044 proposte. Archimede adunque us&ograve; lo me$olabio, &amp; Platone $imilmente. Archita fece alcune
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14045 dimo$trationi per uia di $emicilindri, che fu giudicato e<02>er impo$$ibile a farne in$trumento, ben-
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14046 che io ne ho ueduto, $econdo la dimo$tratione di Archita molto ben fatti, &amp; commodi all'u$o.
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14047 Io e$poner&ograve; &amp; le dimo$trationi, &amp; gli in$trumenti, &amp; mo$trer&ograve; come nel raddoppiamento del cu
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14048 bo, ci $erue la inuentione delle due proportionali proponendo prima la occa$ione di $i bella diman
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14049 da: nellaquale $i comprender&agrave; l'utile grande, che $ono per prendere gli Architetti dalla inuentio-
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14050 ne, &amp; dal $apere le dimo$trationi, &amp; dall'u$o di $i belli $trumenti. Egli $i legge una Epi$tola di
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14051 Erato$thene al Re Ptolomeo $critta in que$to modo.</I>
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14052 <HEAD>AL RE PTOLOMEO ERATOSTHENE SALVTE.</HEAD>
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14053 <p><I>Egli $i dice, che uno de gli antichi compo$itori di Tragedie introduce Minos a fabricare il $e-
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14054 pulcro a Glauco: &amp; hauendo$i detto, che quello era di cento piedi per ogni lato, ri$po$e, que$ta
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14055 &egrave; picciola arca per un $epulcro regale. $ia dunque doppia, &amp; non $i muti il cubo. ueramente chi
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14056 uorr&agrave; raddoppiare ogni lato in larghezza del $epulcro, non parer&agrave; e$$er fuori di errore; perche $e
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14057 $i raddoppieranno i lati, ogni piano riu$cir&agrave; quattro piu, &amp; il $odo otto piu. Fu adunque diman-</I>
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14058 <pb n="355">
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14059 <I>dato a i Geometri, in che modo stando quel $odo nella i$te$$a figura, $i pote$$e raddoppiarlo. &amp;
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14060 que$ta dimanda fu detta. il raddoppiamento del cubo. imperoche propo$togli un cubo, cercaua
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14061 in che modo pote$$ero farne un doppio a quello. Stando adunque molti lungamente in dabbio, pri-
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14062 mo fu Hippocrate Chio, ilquale pens&ograve;, che $e egli $i trouaua, come propo$te due linee dritte, delle
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14063 quali la maggiore fu$$e doppia alla minore, $i piglia$$e due altre di mezo proportionate in conti-
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14064 nua proportione, che ageuolmente $i raddoppiarebbe il cubo. per ilche la difficult&agrave; di doppiare
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14065 il cubo, &amp; il dubbio propo$to addu$$e i mathematici, &amp; gli auuol$e in una maggiore. Non mol-
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14066 to dapoi, $i dice, che e$$endo a gli habitatori di Delo, che erano appe$tati, dall'oracolo impo$to,
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14067 che raddoppia$$ero un certo altare, $i uenne nella i$te$$a dubit atione &amp; e$$endo ripre$i i geometri
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14068 da Platone nell' Academia, che $i pen$a$$ero di ritrouare quello, che era propo$to, quelli molto
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14069 piu uolentieri $i diedero alla fatica, &amp; ritrouorno, che propo$te due linee bi$ognaua ritrouarne
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14070 due altre di mezo. $i dice, che Archita Tarentino ritrou&ograve; la propo$ta per uia di $emicilindri, Eu
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14071 doxo per linee piegate; Auucnne inuero, che que$ti tutti con dimo$trata ragione de$criue$$ero la
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14072 $cientia del ritrouare come tra due date linee dritte $ene pote$$ero dare due in continua proportio
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14073 ne. ma non ritrouarono per&ograve; come que$to $i pote$$e ageuolmente operare con mani, &amp; u$are con
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14074 in$trumenti: eccetto Menechmo, ilquale breuemente, &amp; con o$curit&agrave; ritrou&ograve; non s&ograve; che. Ma
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diff changeset
14075 noi ci hauemo imaginato una facile inuentione, per uia d'in$trumenti, con laquale non $olamente
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14076 $i potranno ritrouare due linee di mezo a due propo$te &amp; dritte in continua proportione, ma
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14077 quante ci $ara in piacere di ritrouare. con que$ta inuentione, adunque potremo ridurre in cubo
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14078 ogni corpo $odo propo$to, che $ia $otto linee parallele contenute, &amp; $imilmente transferite da
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14079 corpo in corpo, &amp; farne un $imile, &amp; accre$cerlo quanto ci piacer&agrave;, o$$eruando $empre la i$te$-
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14080 $a $imiglianza: per ilche &amp; i Tempij, &amp; gli altari. potremo anche &amp; a mi$ura ridurre le mi$ure
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14081 delle co$e liquide, &amp; aride, come le metrete, i moggi, &amp; al cubo transferirle con i lati de i qua-
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14082 li $i mi$urano i ua$i capaci delle co$e liquide, &amp; delle $ecche, accioche $i $appia quanto tengono.
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14083 In $omma la cognitione di que$ta dimanda, &egrave; utile, &amp; commoda a quelli, che uogliono raddop-
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14084 piare o far maggiore tutti quelli $trumenti, che $ono per trarre dardi, pietre, o pali di ferro: per-
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14085 cioche egli &egrave; nece$$ario che ogni co$a cre$ca in larghezza, &amp; grandezza con proportioni, o $ia-
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14086 no fori, &ograve; nerui, che ci entrano, o quello che occorre. $e pur uolemo, che il tutto cre$ca con pro-
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parents:
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14087 portione. Ilche non $i puo fare $enza la inuentione del mezo. la dimo$tratione adunque &amp; l'appa-
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14088 rato del detto in$trumento ti h&ograve; qui $otto de$critto, &amp; prima la dimo$tratione.</I>
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14089 <p><I>Siano propo$te due linee dritte, &amp; di$eguali, a b. &amp; c d. cerchiamo tra que$te due ha-
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14090 uerne due di mezo, che $iano in continua proportione, cio&egrave; che $i come $i ha la prima alla $econ-
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14091 da, co$i egli $i habbia la $econda alla terza, &amp; la terza alla quarta. faccian$i cadere le due li-
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parents:
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14092 nee dritte a b. &amp; c d. ad anguli giusti $opra la linea b d. &amp; delle propo$te $ia maggiore
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parents:
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14093 la linea a b. &amp; minore la c d. &amp; dallo a al c uenga una linea, che tirata piu oltre ca-
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14094 da $opra la linea b d. nel punto e. uenghi anche dal punto. a. $opra la linea b d. una li-
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14095 nea &amp; $ia quella a f. &amp; dal punto f. $ia tirata una linea parallela alla linea a b, &amp; $ia
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14096 quella, f g. che tagli la linea a c. nel punto g. $ia poi dal punto g tirata una linea al
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14097 punto h. parallela alla linea a f. &amp; $ia quella g h. che tagli la linea b d nel punto h.
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14098 $opra ilqual punto $i drizzi una linea parallela alla linea a b, &amp; $ia qnella h i. che tagli la
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14099 linea a c. nel punto i. dal qual punto di$cenda una linea egualmente di$tante alla linea a f.
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14100 &amp; termini nel punto d. Fatto que$to per maggiore e$pre$$ione chiameremo le linee a b. f g.
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14101 h i. c d. le prime parallele, &amp; le linee a f. g h. d i. le $econde parallele. $imilmente, ci
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14102 $ono due gran triangoli l'uno &egrave; lo a b c. che ha lo angulo b. giu$to. l'altro &egrave; lo a f e. quel-
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14103 lo $i chiamer&agrave; primo triangulo, que$to $econdo triangolo. nel primo adunque ci $ono quelli trian-
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14104 goli fatti dalle prime parallele, &amp; $ono, g f e. i h e. c d e. que$ti, perche $ono di anguli
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14105 eguali, come $i ha per la uige$ima nona del primo di Euclide, ha mo i lati proportionali come $i
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14106 haper la quarta del $e$to. $imilmente perche i $econdi triangoli fatti dalle $econde parallele $o-</I>
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14107 <foot><I>AAA</I></foot>
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14108 <pb n="356">
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14109 <I>no di lati eguali, $cnza dubbio haueranno i lati proportionali. Adunque, $i come nelle prime
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14110 parallele hanno proportione tra $e a e. ad a g. co$i hanno b e. ad e f. &amp; $i come a c.
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14111 ad e g. $i hanno nelle $econde parallele, co$i f e. ad e h. &amp; di nuouo come nelle prime f
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14112 e. ad e h. co$i g e. ad c i. ma nelle $econde parallele come g e. ad e i. eo$i b c. ad
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14113 e d. $ono adunque continue proportionali b c. e f. h e. e d. per la i$te$$a ragione$i di-
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14114 mo$tra, che $ono continue proportionali, anche a b. f g. h i. d c. perche $i come $i ha b
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14115 e. b f. co$i $i ha a b. ad f g. &amp; come f e. ad e h. co$i f g. ad h i. &amp; come h
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14116 e ad e d. co$i h i. &agrave; c d. Date adunque due dritte linee a b. &amp; c d. ritrouato baue-
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14117 mo due di me zo continue proportionali, che $ono, f g. &amp; h i. ilche era nostra intentione di
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14118 fare. Que$ta &egrave; la opinione di Erato$thene cerca la dino$tratione: &amp; $e bene egli uuole, che la li-
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14119 nea a b. &amp; la c d. $iano ad angoli dritti $opra la linea b d. non &egrave; per&ograve;, che non $egua la
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14120 i$te$$a conclu$ione in qualunque modo l'una, &amp; l'altra linea cada $opra la linea b d. pure che
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14121 amendue facciano angoli $imiglianti, &amp; $iano per $imili cadimenti egualmente di$tanti: perche
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14122 tutto &egrave; fondato $opra que$ta ragione, che, di quelli triangoli, che hanno gli angoli eguali, i lati$o
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14123 no proportionali. In $omma $e noi uorremo trouare piu di due linee proportionali tra le due da-
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14124 te a b. &amp; c d. bi$ogner&agrave; $econdo il $opradetto modo formare piu linee parallele, s&igrave; delle
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14125 prime come delle $econde. Ma lo in$trumento col quale $i po$$a formare co$i bella proua $econ-
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14126 do Erato$thene &egrave; que$to. Piglia una piana di legno, o di rame piu lunga, che larga di figura qua-
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14127 drangulare, &amp; d'angoli dritti. &amp; $ia per e$$empio la tauola a b d c. aeconcid poi tre lamet-
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14128 te $opra di quella di q ualche materia $oda $ottile, &amp; polita, che $iano quadrangolari, &amp; di an-
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14129 guli dritti, di modo, che una di quelle $ia ferma nel mezo della piana, $i che non $i po$$a mouere
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14130 n&egrave; alla de$tra, n&egrave; alla $ini$tra, &amp; $ia quella. e f g h. habbia poi que$ta lamett a ne gli angoli
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14131 $uoi, ne i punti e. &amp; f. fitte due regole con i $uoi pironi in modo, che cia$cuna $i po$$a uolge-
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14132 re in ogni uer$o, &amp; $ia una regola e m. &amp; l'altra f n. ma l'altra lametta $ia K d e. che
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14133 $ia con le te$te $ue in un canale nella piana $i che po$$a $correre uer$o la lametta e f g h. &amp;
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14134 anche a rimouer da quella, $i che habbia i lati $uoi paralleli al lato f h. della lametta ferma;
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14135 tenga que$ta lametta K d c. $opra il punto</I> K. <I>una regola, che $i po$$a uolgere &amp; alzare,
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14136 &amp; abba$$are, come le altre &amp; $ia quella K o. &amp; po$$a e$$er parallela con le altre re-
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14137 gole. &amp; i loro communi tagli, che fanno con la a g. f h. &amp; l. $iano nella i$te$$a dritta li-
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14138 nea, m n o l. $imilmente la a m. $ia eguale alla d K. perche la a m. in$en$ibilmente
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14139 auanza la d K. E$$endo que$te co$i ordinate tra due linee a b. &amp; c d. $i danno due di me-
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14140 zo in continua proportione, che $ono e n, &amp; f o. per le $opradette ragioni. Ma $e per $orte
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14141 le due propo$te linee, come $arebbe la s. &amp; la t. allequali bi$ogno $ia ritrouarne due di mezo
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14142 in continua proportione, non $aranno eguali a quelle linee, che $ono nello instrumento, a b &amp;
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14143 r d. faccia$i col mouere $econdo il bi$ogno la lametta h d c. tirandola uer$o la lametta fer-
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14144 ma, o allargandela, &amp; ponendola $empre egualmente distante: faccia$i dico, che $i come $i ha la
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14145 s, alla t. co$i $i habbia la a b alla r d. cio&egrave; $e $aranno la s, &amp; la t tra $e in proportio-
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14146 ne doppia, o tripla, o $e$quialtera, co$i $iano tra $ela a b &amp; la r d. perche alla a b. &amp;
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14147 r d. che $ono nello instrumento ritrouate, ritrouate $i $ono due di mezo proportionate, $eguita,
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14148 che alla s &amp; alla t. proposte trouate $aranno due di mezo in continua proportione. Quanto
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14149 piu adunque artificio$o $ar&agrave; lo in$trumento, &amp; ben fatto, tanto piu facilmente ci$eruir&agrave; a ritro-
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14150 uare le due proportionali; per&ograve; le teste delle lamette, che $i moueno entreranno ne i loro canali
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14151 a$$ ettate, &amp; $i moueranno dolcemente. Et $e alcuno uorr&agrave; trouare piu di due linee proportio-
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14152 nali, egli potr&agrave; con la aggiunta di piu regole, &amp; lamette farlo commodamente. &amp; questa &egrave; $ta-
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14153 ta la inuentione di Eratosthene. Bi$ogna per&ograve; auuertire, che le regole $iano lunghe, perche quan
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14154 do bi$ogna allargare le lamette po$$ino aggiugnere a i tagli delle linee, che $i uorranno proportio-
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14155 nare, &amp; to cchino il lato $uperiore dello instrumento, come e m, f x, K u. anzi per dir me-
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14156 glio $iano tanto g randi quanto $arebbe la diagonale della lametta e f g h, ouero poco piu.</I>
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14157 <pb n="357">
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14158 <I>Re$ta di dire con piu chiarezza, &amp; facilit&agrave;, come $i debbia u$are que$to instrumento, cio&egrave; come
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14159 con e$$o $i po$$a tra due linee dritte ritrouarne due altre o piu proportionate, $econdo la mente di
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14160 Erato$thene, &amp; prima tra due due, &amp; poi tra due piu proportionali. Siano due linee dritte, a b.
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14161 c d. cadino amendue $opra una dritta in modo, che $iano parallele. &amp; tanto $i aggiugna alla
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14162 linea c d, che ella $ia pari alla linea a b, il cui capo $ia e, &amp; dallo a $ia tirata una linea
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14163 fin allo e. $iche $i faccia una $uperficie quadrangulare. a b c. parti$ca$i poi la linea b c.
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14164 in tre parti, una dellequali $ia la doue &egrave; la f. &amp; alquanto piu inanzi dal punto f $ia $egna-
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14165 to il punto. g. di modo, che dal b al g. $ia alquanto piu d'un terzo della linea b c. $imil-
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14166 mente nella linea a c. $ia $egnato un punto tanto distante dallo a, quanto &egrave; il g. dal b. &amp;
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14167 $ia quello h. &amp; $i leghi poi il g. con lo a. &amp; conlo h. &amp; lo a. con il d. &amp; la g h,
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14168 tagli la a d nel punto. i. $imilmente $i tagli tanto della linea a b. quanto &egrave; dal g. allo
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14169 i. &amp; $ia quello $pacio b K, &amp; dallo i al K. $i tiri una linea fin'al toccamento della linea
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14170 g a. &amp; $ia iui $egnato l. &amp; perche per la trente$ima terza del primo d'Euclide la linea a b.
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14171 &egrave; parallela alla linea g i h. &amp; per lo pre$upposto nostro le linee g i. &amp; b h $ono eguali,
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14172 ne $egue, che la linea b g, $ia parallela alla linea i l. Oltra di questo delle linee g c. &amp;
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14173 h e. $i leuino due parti eguali alla parte i l. &amp; $iano quelle g m. &amp; h n. &amp; $iano con-
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14174 giunte i m. &amp; m n. per la allegata propo$itione g l, &amp; m i $aranno parallele. &amp; $imil
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14175 mente g h. &amp; m n. Tagli anche la linea m n, la a d nel punto o. &amp; $ia pre$o tanto
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14176 della linea b K, quanto &egrave; m o. &amp; $ia quella parte b p. &amp; dal punto o. uer$o il punto
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14177 p. $ia tirata una linea, finche ella tocchi la linea. i m. nel punto. q. $e adunque la linea
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14178 m e $ar&agrave; eguale alla o q. egli $tar&agrave; bene. ma $e la m c. $ar&agrave; minore, adunque la b g $a-
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14179 r&agrave; $tata pre$a maggiore del giusto. per&ograve; bi$ogner&agrave; pigliare la b g alquanto minore; &amp; $ar&agrave;
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14180 da ripigliare la i$te$$a de$crittione, &amp; tanto e$perimentare, che la parte o q $ia eguale alla
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14181 m c. $ia adunque la m c. eguale alla o q. adunque $aranno parallele c o. &amp; m q.
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14182 per lo pre$uppo$to &amp; per la trente$ima del primo de gli elementi. finalmente le a b. g i. mo.
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14183 c d. $aranno le prime parallele. ma l' a g. m i. c o. le $econde. Dico che alle linee a b.
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14184 c d le di mezo proportionali $aranno g i. &amp; m o. $iano adunque la a d &amp; b c. tira-
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14185 te in lungo, &amp; cadino in$ieme nel punto r. &amp; perche per la $imiglianza de i triangoli $i como
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14186 &egrave; la a r. alla r i. nelle prime parallele co$i &egrave; b r ad r g. oltra di questo alle $econde pa-
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14187 rallele, $i come &egrave; la a r. alla r i. co$i la g r. alla r m. &amp; nelle prime parallele $i come &egrave;
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14188 la g r. alla r m. co$i la i r alla r o, &amp; nelle $econde parallele come la i r alla r o.
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14189 co$i la m r. alla r c. $ono adunque continue proportionali b r. r g. m r. r o. Ma $ot-
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14190 to la i$te$$a proportione anche &egrave; per la quarta del $e$to de gli elementi, che $i come &egrave; la a b
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14191 alla g i co$i la g i alla m o. &amp; la m o alla c d. Tra due dunque dritte linee da to
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14192 a b. &amp; c d. $i $ono trouate due continue proportionali di mezo, come bi$ognaua di $are. &amp;
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14193 con $imili ragioni potremo ritrouarne quante uorremo. &amp; per&ograve; per trouarne qui due di mezo pro-
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14194 portionali la b f. $ar&agrave; un terzo della b c, per che la b g, &egrave; alquanto piu del terzo della
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14195 b c. &amp; non mai minore, n&egrave; eguale alla b f. &amp; per trouarne tre di mezo proportionali, la
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14196 b f $ar&agrave; un quarto della b c. &amp; la b g alquanto maggiore della b f. &amp; per trouarne
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14197 quattro la b f $ar&agrave; un quinto della b c, &amp; la b g $ar&agrave; alquanto maggiore della b f. cio&egrave;
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14198 un quinto di e$$a b c, &amp; co$i $empre la b c. $ar&agrave; partita in una parte piu di quello, che $ono
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14199 le linee mezane, che trouar uorremo, &amp; $empre la b f $ar&agrave; una di quelle parti, &amp; la b g. al-
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14200 quanto maggiore che la b f. &amp; per&ograve; $i piglia la parte b f. che $ia a punto tante fiate della
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14201 b c, accioche piu pre$to $i po$$a conietturare la grandezza della b c.</I>
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14202 <p><I>Quanto appartiene ad Archita dico, che la inuentione &egrave; difficile, &amp; la dimostratione molto
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14203 $ottile, di modo che molti hanno negato poter$i ritrouare in$trumento conforme a quella dimo$tra
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14204 tione. N oi con quella facilit&agrave;, che potremo dimo$treremo la propo$ta, i fondamenti dellaquale
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14205 $ono $par$i in molte propo$itioni, &amp; Theoremi di Euclide, lequali propo$itioni &egrave; nece$$ario ha-</I>
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14206 <foot><I>AAA</I> 2</foot>
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14207 <pb n="358">
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14208 <I>uerle per certe, perche troppo $arebbe il $ciogliere ogni anello di $i gran catena. Date ci$iano
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14209 due linee dritte, &amp; $ia la a d maggiore, &amp; la c. minore. Tra lequali bi$ogna ritrouarne due
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14210 di mezo proportionali. Prendiamo adunque la maggiore, d'intorno laquale $i faccia un circo-
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14211 lo a b d f, nel qual circolo per la prima del terzo d'Euclide, $i accommoder&agrave; una linea egua-
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14212 le alla linea c. che $ia a b. laquale $i $tenda tanto oltre il circolo, che peruenga al punto p.
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14213 il qual punto $ia lo estremo d'una linea, che de$cendendo tocchi il circolo nel punto d. &amp; pcr-
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14214 uenga al punto o. &amp; $ia quella linea p d o. &amp; a questa ne $ia tratta una egualmente di$tan
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14215 te, che tagli la linea a d nel punto c. intendi$i poi uno $emicilindro po$to dritto $opra il $e-
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14216 micircolo a b d. intendiamo poi $opra il parallelogrammo del $emicilindro $opra a d. che
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14217 $ia de$critto uno $emicircolo, ilquale come uno parallelogrammo del $emicilindro detto $ia ad an
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14218 goli dritti $opra il piano del circolo a b d f. que$to $emicircolo girato dal punto, d al pun-
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14219 to b. $tando fermo nel punto. a. che &egrave; termine del diametro a d, nel $uo girare taglier&agrave; quel
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14220 la $operficie cilindrica, &amp; de$criuer&agrave; una certa linea. Oltra di que$to $e $tando ferma la linea
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14221 a d il triangolo a p d. mo$$o far&agrave; un moto contrario al $emicircolo, $enza dubbio egli de$cri
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14222 uer &agrave; una $operficie conica della linea dritta a p. laquale nel girar$i $i congiugne in qualche pun
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14223 to di quella linea, che poco auanti fu de$critta mediante il mouimento del $emicircolo nella $oper-
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14224 ficie del $emicilindro. $imilmente ancheil b. circon$criuer&agrave; un $emicircolo nella $operficie del
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14225 cono. &amp; finalmente il $emicir colo a d e habbia il $uo $ito dapoi, che egli $ar&agrave; mo$$o la doue
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14226 cadendo concorreno le linee. &amp; il triangolo, che $i moue al contrario habbia il $ito d l a.
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14227 $ia il punto del detto concadimeuto</I> k. <I>$ia anche per b de$critto un $emicircolo b m f. &amp;
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14228 la doue $i taglia col $emicircolo b d f a, $ia b f. indi dal punto</I> k. <I>a quel piano, che &egrave; del
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14229 $emicircolo b d a, cada una perpendicolare: certo&egrave;, che cader&agrave; nella circonferenza del cir-
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14230 colo, perche il cilindro fu drizzato nel piano dello i$te$$o circolo. Cada adunque, &amp; $ia</I>
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14231 k <I>i. &amp; quella linea, che uiene dallo i. nello a. $ia congiunta con b f, nel punto. h.
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14232 Ma perche l'uno &amp; l'altro $emicircolo d</I> k <I>a, &amp; il b m f. &egrave; drizzato $opra il piano del
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14233 circolo a b d f. per&ograve; il loro taglio commune m h. $t&agrave; ad angoli giu$ti $opra il piano del
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14234 circolo a b d f. adunque quello, che &egrave; $otto b h f. cio&egrave; $otto a h i. &egrave; eguale a quello,
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14235 che uiene da h m, adunque per la conuer$ione del corolario della ottaua del $e$to de gli ele-
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14236 menti, l'angulo a m i. &egrave; dritto. &amp; il triangolo a m i. &egrave; $imile all'uno, &amp; all'altro de i
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14237 triangoli m a h. &amp; a K d. &amp; perche lo angulo d K a. &egrave; giusto per la trige$ima prima
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14238 del terzo de gli elementi, perche per lo pre$uppo$to egli &egrave; dentro nel $emicirculo</I>; <I>&amp; ($i come &egrave;
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14239 stato fatto manifesto) lo angulo a m i. &egrave; giusto. adunque per la uige$imanona del primo de
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14240 glielementi d K. &amp; m i. $ono parallele. &amp; per la i$te$$a propo$itione</I> k <I>i, m h. $ono pa-
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14241 rallele, percioche per lo pre$upposto, &amp; per quelle co$e, che $ono $tate dim<*>$trate K i. &amp; m
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14242 b. $ono perpendiculari, &amp; ad angoli giusti al piano del circolo a b d f. adunque egli &egrave; pro-
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14243 portionale, che $i come &egrave; d a. ad a K. co$i $ia K a. ad a i. &amp; i a ad a m. perche
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14244 i triangoli da</I> K. K <I>a i. i m a. $ono $imili per la quarta del $esto de gli elementi. con$e-
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14245 guentemente adunque le quattro linee d a. a K. a i. &amp; a m. $ono in continua proportio
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14246 ne, &amp; perche la a m. &egrave; eguale alla a h. la a m. $ar&agrave; eguale alla <*>. per la commune $en-
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14247 tentia, che dice, che le co$e, che $ono eguali ad una co$a, $ono eguali tra $e. Date adunque
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14248 due dritte linee a d. &amp; c. $ono state ritrouate due di mezo propoi tionali, che $ono a</I> K.
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14249 <I>&amp; a i. il che bi$ognaua fare. Ma pare a me, che piu pre$to ci $erua lo in<*>rumento, che la dimo$tra
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14250 tione, per&ograve; imaginamo un circolo fatto nel piano come a b d f. &amp; che$opra ad anguli drit
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14251 ti ui cada uno $emicilindro, il quale $i po$i $opra il diametro a c d. <*>el detto circolo, &amp; che
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14252 nel punto a. $ia dritto uno $cmicircolo, che fermato nel detto punto a. $i giri, &amp; $i entri &amp;
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14253 e$ca nel $emicilindro $econdo il taglio, che egli farebbe, &amp; che di $opr a ui $ia un triangolo, oue-
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14254 ro una quarta di circolo, dalla quale cadano le linee $econdo il bi$ogn<*>, &amp; co$i $i far&agrave; lo instru-
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14255 mento, come ho ueduto da quelli ualent'buomini da Roma. &amp; perch e quelli $econdo le loro bel-</I>
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14256 <pb n="359">
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14257 <I>le inuentioni daranno in luce, &amp; questa, &amp; altre belle co$e, io la$cier&ograve; il carieo a loro di publi-
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14258 carle, hauendone molte gratie. Hora uenir&ograve; alla dimo$tratione, &amp; allo in$trumento di Platone.
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14259 Lega adunque le due dritte, tra le quali uuoi trouare le due di mezo proportionali ad angolo drit-
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14260 to nel punto b. $ia la maggiore b g. &amp; la minore e b. Allunga poi l'una, &amp; l'altra fuor
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14261 dello angolo b. la maggiore uer$o il d. &amp; la minore uer$o il c. Et fa due anguli dritti trouan
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14262 do il punto c. &amp; il punto d. nelle loro linee conuenienti, &amp; $ia uno angulo g c d. &amp; l'al-
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14263 tro c d e. dico, che tra le due dritte e b. &amp; b g. hauerai proportionate due altre linee,
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14264 che $ono b d. &amp; b c. perche hauemo pre$uppo$to, che lo angolo e d c. &egrave; dritto, &amp; la
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14265 e a. e$$er parallela alla c g. per&ograve; ne $egue per la uente$ima nona del primo, che lo angolo g
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14266 c d. $ia giusto, &amp; eguale allo angolo c d e. il quale $imilmente pre$upponemo e$$er giusto.
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14267 ma la d b. per lo nostro componimento cade perpendicolare $opra la c b e. $imilmente la
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14268 c b. &egrave; perpendicolare alla d b g. adunque per lo corolario della ottaua del $esto, la b d. &egrave;
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14269 quella linea proportionata, che cade nella e b. &amp; la b c. &amp; $imilmente la linea b c. &egrave; la
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14270 mezana proportionale tra la b d. &amp; la b g. po$ta adunque la ragione, &amp; la proportione
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14271 commune della linea b d. &amp; della linea b c. ne $eguita, che la g b. hauer&agrave; quello ri$pet-
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14272 to di comparatione alla linea b d. che hauer&agrave; la c b. alla e b. perche l'una, &amp; l'altra ra-
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14273 gione, come &egrave; $tato manifesto, &egrave; come b d. &agrave; b c. per la undecima del quinto. adunque $i
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diff changeset
14274 me g b. &agrave; b d. co$i b d. &agrave; b c. co$i la c d. alla b e. Date adunque due linee, b g.
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14275 &amp; c b. $ono state ritrouate due di mezo proportionali b d. &amp; b c. Et questa &egrave; la ragio-
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14276 ne di Platone. Ma lo in$trumento &egrave; questo. Sia una $quadra K m l. &amp; in uno braccio di
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14277 quella $ia accommodata una riga, che $ia n o. &amp; che faccia con detto braccio gli angoli drit-
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14278 ti, &amp; $i po$$a mouere hora uer$o il punto m. hora uer$o il punto e. fatto questo $implici$$imo
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diff changeset
14279 instrumento, &amp; uolendo trouare le due proportionali di mezo alle due date, farai, che le due da
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14280 te $iano per e$$empio la e b. &amp; la b g. come hauemo po$to nella dimo$tratione, congiunte
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14281 nel punto b. ad angulo giusto &amp; $iano prolungate come di $opra. Allhora $i piglia lo inctru-
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14282 mento, &amp; co$i egli s'accommoda alle linee c b. &amp; b g. che il lato K m. della $quadra ca
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14283 da $opra il g. &amp; lo angulo m. $i uni$ca alla linea b c. lo angulo o. $ia $opra la linea b d.
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diff changeset
14284 &amp; la regola mobile uenga per lo punto e. di modo, che il punto m. $ia $oprapo$to al punto
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14285 c. &amp; il punto o. cada $opra d. &amp; co$i ordinato che hauerai, &amp; acconcio lo instrumento,
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14286 hauerai trouato tra le linee e b. &amp; b g. due proportionate di mezo, cio&egrave; la b d. &amp; la b
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14287 c. del che la dimo$tratione &egrave; la iste$$a con quella di $opra. Nicomede u$aua un'altra dimostra
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diff changeset
14288 tione, &amp; formau a un'altro instrumento $econdo quella dimo$tratione, &amp; con grande $ottigliez-
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14289 za d'inuentione $uperando Erato$thene &egrave; stato di gran giouamento alli $tudio$i della Geometria.
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diff changeset
14290 Per fare lo instrumento, piglia due righe, &amp; ponle una $opra l'altra ad angoli giusti di modo,
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14291 che d'amendue $ia uno i$te$$o piano n&egrave; una $ia piu alta dell'altra, ma rappre$entino la lettera T. &amp;
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14292 $ia una di e$$e a b. dritta &amp; l'altra c d. trauer$a. faccia$i nella a b. un canale nel mezo, nel
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14293 quale u'entri a coda di rondine, &amp; $otto $quadra uno cuneo, che $i po$$a $pignere in $u, &amp; in giu
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diff changeset
14294 per quel canale $enza u$cir fuori: $ia poi nel mezo dellariga c d. trauer$a per lnngo di e$$a una
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diff changeset
14295 linea, &amp; nella te$ta di e$$a, doue &egrave; la lettera d. $ia posto un pirone, &amp; $ia quello g h. ad an-
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diff changeset
14296 goli dritti, il quale e$ca alquanto fuori del piano della riga c d. $ia nel detto pirone un foro nel
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14297 quale entri una regoletta, che $ia e f. la quale $ia congiunta nel cuneo, che era posto $otto
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diff changeset
14298 $quadra nel canale della regola a b. &amp; $ia il capo della detta regoletta K. Se adunque moue-
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14299 rai il cuneo per lo canale ouero uer$o il punto a. ouero uer$o il punto b. in$ieme con la con-
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14300 giunta regoletta, $empre il punto e. $imouer&agrave; per dritta linea, &amp; la regoletta e f. penetran
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diff changeset
14301 do per lo foro del pirone g h. entrer&agrave;, &amp; u$cir&agrave;, &amp; la dritta linea di mezo della regoletta e
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14302 f. $i mouer&agrave; col $uo predetto mouimento per lo perno del $uo pirone. Egli $i o$$erua finalmente,
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diff changeset
14303 che lo ecce$$o e</I> k. <I>della regoletta e f. $ia $empre lo i$te$$o, &amp; della i$te$$a lunghezza. per
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diff changeset
14304 il che $e noi poneremo nel punto</I> k. <I>alcuna co$a, che po$$a $egnare un piano $ottoposto mouen-</I>
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14305 <pb n="360">
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14306 <fig>
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diff changeset
14307 <pb n="361">
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14308 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
14309 <pb n="362">
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parents:
diff changeset
14310 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
14311 <I>do$i la regoletta, egli $i $egner&agrave; nel piano una linea piegata, come la l m n. la quale Nicome
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diff changeset
14312 de chiama prima Conchoide. &amp; lo $patio, che &egrave; tra e. &amp;</I> k. <I>egli chiama grandezza della re
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diff changeset
14313 gola. &amp; il punto d. polo. In que$ta linea piegata dimostra Nicomede ritrouar$i tre propriet&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
14314 principali. L'una &egrave; che quanto piu la linea piegata l m n. $i tira a lungo, tanto meno &egrave; di$tan
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parents:
diff changeset
14315 te dalla dritta a b. come $i uede, che il punto c. &egrave; piu lontano dalla linea a b. che il pun-
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diff changeset
14316 to n. &amp; il punto n. piu lontano, che il punto m. &amp; finalmente il punto m. piu lontano,
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14317 che il punto l. il che $i uede chiar amente facendo$i cadere da i detti punti c n m l. le per-
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parents:
diff changeset
14318 pcndicolari $opra la linea a b. La $econda propriet&agrave; &egrave; que$ta. che $e tra la regola a b. &amp;
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diff changeset
14319 la linea piegata $i tirer&agrave; una linea, quella finalmente taglier&agrave; la piegata. Sia adunque la regola
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diff changeset
14320 a b. il polo c. &amp; nello interuallo d e. de$critta la piegata detta conchoide, &amp; tra quella,
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parents:
diff changeset
14321 &amp; la regola a b. $ia tirata una linea dritta, che $ia f g h. dico, che la linea f g h. tira-
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parents:
diff changeset
14322 tataglier&agrave; la piegata gia de$critta. Sia la detta linea f g h. parallela alla a b. o non $ia.
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diff changeset
14323 po$to adunque prima, che ella $ia parallela, &amp; faccia$i, che $i come $i ha la d g. alla g c.
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diff changeset
14324 co$i $i habbia la d e. ad un'altra come K. &amp; po$to il centro c. &amp; lo $patio K. tagli la cir-
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parents:
diff changeset
14325 conferenza de$critta nel punto f. la linea f g. &amp; $ia congiunto c f. che tagli la a b. in
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14326 l. egli &egrave; adunque $i come la d g. $i ha alla g c. co$i la l f. alla f c. ma $i come &egrave; la d g.
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diff changeset
14327 alla g c. co$i $i haueua la d e. alla K. cio&egrave; alla c f. adunque d e. $i trouer&agrave; eguale
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14328 alla l f. il che non puo $tare, perche a que$to modo la parte $arebbe eguale al $uo tutto. Il che
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diff changeset
14329 $i fa manife$to tirando$i la c f. fin che la tagli la piegata de$critta per e. nel punto o. per-
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parents:
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14330 che la l f o. dritta &egrave; eguale alla d e. per la diffinitione della conchoide. adunque re$ta, che
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parents:
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14331 la dritta f g h. tagli la piegata, $e ella $i tirer&agrave; uer$o le i$te$$e parti. Ma non $ia parallela
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parents:
diff changeset
14332 quella linea, che $i tirer&agrave; tra laregola a b. &amp; la piegata, &amp; $ia quella m g n. &amp; $ia tira-
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diff changeset
14333 taper g. la parallela f g. alla regola a b. adunque la f g. concorrer&agrave; con la linea piega
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parents:
diff changeset
14334 ta, &amp; per&ograve; molto piu ui concorrer&agrave; la m n. Raccogliendo $i adunque con lo in$trumento, que-
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14335 $te proprietati, egli $i ha da dimo$trare l'utilit&agrave; $ua al propo$ito no$tro: $e prima $i addurra la ter-
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parents:
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14336 zapropriet&agrave;, che &egrave; que$ta. La dritta linea a b. &amp; la prima piegata, o conchoide a quella de
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14337 $critta non concorreranno mai, $e bene fu$$ero tirate in infinito. Que$to facilmente $i fa manife-
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parents:
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14338 $to, $e egli $i auuertir&agrave; diligentemente alla forma dello in$irumento col quale $i fa la linea piegata.
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14339 Percioche nella i$te$$a forma la linea di mezo della regola e f. nel de$criuere la piegata $em-
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parents:
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14340 pre taglia la dritta a b. nel punto e. per la qual co$a il punto</I> k. <I>non peruenir&agrave; mai alla li-</I>
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14341 <pb n="363">
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parents:
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14342 <I>nea a b. tutto che del continuo egli $i faccia uicino alla a b. por la prima propriet&agrave; $opra-
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14343 detta. Adunque la prima piegata, o conchoide, &amp; la dritta linea, alla quale ella &egrave; de$critta,
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14344 non concorreranno mai, in tutto che $iano tirate infinito, &amp; del continuo $i $acciano piu uicine,
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14345 il che bi$ognaua dimo$trare. Que$to a$$onto di Nicomede &egrave; utile alla $eguente dimo$tratione.
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14346 Se egli $ar&agrave; fatto uno angolo ad una dritta linea, che da una parte $ia infinita, &amp; $i uorr&agrave; tirare
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parents:
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14347 da un punto dato di fuori una linea dritta, la quale tagli due dritte cerca lo i$te$$o angolo, della
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14348 qual dritta linea una particella compre$a tra due, che comprendeno l'angolo dato, $ia eguale alla
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14349 data linea, egli $i far&agrave; in que$to modo. Sia la data linea a b. che dalla parte di b. uadi m
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14350 finito, &amp; $opra quella $ia fatto il dato angolo b a g. &amp; il punto fuori di a b. $ia c. &amp; la
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14351 data dritta $ia d. &amp; da c. alla a b. $ia tirata la perpendicolare, che $ia c</I> K. <I>alla quale
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14352 $ia aggiunto e f. eguale alla d. &amp; mediante lo in$trumento de$critto di $opra dal polo c. &amp;
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14353 lo $patio e f. alla regola a b. $ia de$critta la linea piegata, o conchoide prima. Adunque
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14354 per la $econda propriet&agrave;, la linea a g. della prima conchoide tirata piu oltre concader&agrave; con la
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14355 conchoide f g. concader&agrave; adunque in g. &amp; la linea tirata c g. taglier&agrave; la a b. in h. di-
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14356 co, che la g h. $ar&agrave; eguale alla d. il che $i fa chiaro da quello, perche per la diffinitione della
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14357 conchoide prima la linea g h &egrave; eguale alla linea e f. ma per quello, che hauemo pre$uppo$to
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14358 la e f. &egrave; eguale alla d. adunque per la commune $entenza, che dice le co$e e$$er eguali tra $e,
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14359 che ad una i$te$$a $ono eguali. La dritta g h. &egrave; eg uale alla d. adunque $i ha il propo$ito $o-
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diff changeset
14360 pra detto. Secondo Nicomede $i troueranno le due proportionali di mezo tra due dritte a que-
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14361 $to modo. Siano date due dritte a b. b c. appo$te ad angolo dritto, tra le quali bi$ogni tro-
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14362 uarne due di mezo in continua proportione. Sia compito il parallelogrammo a h c d. Sia
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14363 cia$cuna di quelle linee tagliata in due parti c d. in e. d a. in f. &amp; $ia congiunta h e.
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diff changeset
14364 &egrave; pa$$i oltre fin che la cada in a d. prolongata, nel punto g. ma alla linea a d. cada f h.
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14365 ad angoli dritti, &amp; $ia prolongata a h. che $ia eguale alla c e. &amp; $ia congiunta g h. alla
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14366 quale $ia parallela a i. $i che lo angolo</I> k <I>a i. $ia eguale allo angolo f g h. per lo prece-
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diff changeset
14367 dente a$$onto. Sia tirata una linea dritta g i</I> k. <I>che tagli a i. in i. &amp; d a. nella parte
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14368 a. prolongata $opra k. di modo, che i</I> k. <I>$ia eguale ad a h. &amp; congiunta k b. $ia tira-
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14369 ta fin che cada $opra la d c. prolongata in l. dico, che $i come $i ha a b. ad a</I> k. <I>co$i
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14370 a</I> k. <I>ad l c. &amp; l c. &agrave; c b. perche c d. &egrave; tagliata in due parti in e. &amp; a que$ta $i ap-
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diff changeset
14371 pone</I> k <I>a. adunque per la $e$ta del $econdo de gli elementi quello, che &egrave; $otto d</I> k <I>a. con
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diff changeset
14372 quello, che $i fa della a f. &egrave; eguale a quello, che $i fa della f</I> k. <I>Apponga$i il commune,
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diff changeset
14373 che &egrave; tra f h. adunque quello, che &egrave; $otto d K a. con quello che $i fa di a f. &amp; di f h.
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diff changeset
14374 cio&egrave; con quello, che $i fa di a g. &egrave; eguale a quello, che $i fa di K f. &amp; di f h. cio&egrave; a quello
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diff changeset
14375 che &egrave; di</I> k <I>h. Et perche $i come $i ha l c. &agrave; c d. co$i $ia l b. &agrave; b K. &amp; come l b. &agrave;
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14376 b</I> k. <I>co$i $i ha d a. ad a</I> k. <I>adunq; $i come $i ha l c. &agrave; c d. co$i $i ha d a. ad a</I> k.
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14377 <I>Ma della c d. &egrave; la met&agrave; la c e. &amp; la a g. &egrave; doppia alla d a. perche per la quarta del $e-
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diff changeset
14378 $to, $i come $i ha a b. &agrave; d e. co$i $i ha g a. ad a d. per quello che $i &egrave; $uppo$to la b a.
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diff changeset
14379 &egrave; doppia &agrave; d e. adunque la g a. &egrave; doppia alla a d. $ar&agrave; adunque, che $i come l c. $i ha
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14380 alla c e. co$i g a. alla a</I> k. <I>per la eguale, &amp; permutata proportione, per la uente$ima
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14381 terza del quinto de gli elementi. Ma come g a. ad a</I> k. <I>co$i &amp; h i. ad i</I> k. <I>per la $e
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14382 conda del $e$to de gli elementi. Perche per la $uppo$itione g h. &amp; a i. $ono parallele. Et
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14383 componendo per la decima ottaua del quinto, $egue, che $i come $i ha. La l e. alla c e. co$i
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14384 la h</I> k. <I>alla</I> k <I>i. ma egli &egrave; $tata po$ta eguale la i</I> k. <I>alla c e. perche la i</I> k. <I>&egrave; egua-
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14385 le alla a h. &amp; la a h. alla c e. adunque la e l. &egrave; eguale alla h K. con$eguentemente
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diff changeset
14386 &egrave; eguale quello, che na$ce da l e. con quello che $i fa di h K. &amp; quello che $i fa di l e. &egrave;
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14387 eguale a quello, che $i fa $otto d l c. con quello, che $i fa di c e. per la $e$ta del $econdo de
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14388 gli elementi. Ma a quello, che $i fa di h K. egli &egrave; $tato dimostrato e$$er eguale, quello, che $i
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14389 fa $otto d</I> k <I>a. con quello, che $i fa di a h. delle quali quello, che &egrave; di c e. &egrave; eguale a</I>
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14390 <foot><I>BBB</I></foot>
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14391 <pb n="364">
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14392 <I>quello, che uiene da a h. perche egli &egrave; $tato po$to, che la a h. $ia eguale alla c e. ma per
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14393 la $ententia commune, $e dalle co$e eguali, $i leueranno le eguali, il rimanente $ar&agrave; eguale.
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14394 Adunque quello, che $i fa $otto d l c. &egrave; eguale a quello, che $i fa $otto d K a. ma per la
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14395 quartadecima del $e$to de gli elementi. I lati de i parallelogrammi, che $ono eguali, &amp; ba<*>
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14396 anche gli anguli eguali, $ono reciprocamente proportionali. adunque $i come $i hala l d. alla
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14397 d</I> k. <I>co$i $i ha la</I> k <I>a. alla c l. ma come d l. &agrave; d K. anche la a b. alla a K. &amp;
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14398 la l c. alla c b. &amp; adunque $i come a b. ad a</I> k. <I>co$i a K. ad l c. &amp; e$$a l c.
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14399 alla c b. Date adunque due dritte linee a b. &amp; b c. $ono $tate ritrouate due dimezo in
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14400 continua proportione, che $ono a</I> k. <I>&amp; l c. come era l'intento di fare. Altri modi $ono de
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14401 gli antichi di ritrouare le due proportionali, come di Philopono, di Dione Bizantio, di Diocle,
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14402 di Pappo nelle mecaniche, di Poro, di Menechmo, i quali modi, ne i commentari di Archime
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14403 de $i trouano, &amp; il Vernero dottamente gli e$pone, i quali noi la$ciamo per fuggir il tedio. Venl
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14404 remo adunque al modo di raddoppiare, &amp; di moltiplicare i corpi, accioche l'u$o di co$i belle di-
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14405 mo$trationi, &amp; di tanti $trumenti ci $ia manife$to.</I>
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14406 <p><I>Io uoglio adunque ad un proposto $odo $otto una data proportione farne un'altro $imile. $ia
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14407 dunq; il proposto $odo a. Io uoglio farne uno, che habbia quella proportione con e$$o, che ha la li
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14408 nea b. alla linea c. prenda$i una linea eguale ad uno lato del propo$to $odo, &amp; $ia quella d.
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14409 &amp; come $i ha la b. alla c. con la i$te$$a ragione $i riferi$ca la d. alla e. $ia doppia, o tripla
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14410 come $i uoglia. &amp; $econdo alcuna delle $oprapo$te dimo$trationi, trouin$i due di mezo in
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14411 continua proportione, &amp; $iano quelle f. &amp; g. dapoi da alcuna dritta linea eguale alla f.
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14412 per la uente$ima $ettima dell'undecimo de gli elementi $i faccia un $odo, &amp; quello $ia h. $imile,
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14413 &amp; $imilmente po$to, al propo$to $odo a. &amp; perche per la trente$ima terza dello i$te$$o libro,
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14414 ouero per lo corollario della i$te$$a propo$itione, Se $aranno quattro dritte linee proportionali,
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14415 $i come $i ha la prima alla quarta, co$i egli $i ha il $odo, che uiene dalla prima, al $odo, che <*>$i
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14416 fa della $econda $imile, &amp; $imilmente de$critto. La ragione adunque del $odo a. al $imigliante
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14417 $odo h. &egrave; come d. ad e. ma per la $uppo$itione la d. alla e. ha la ragione, che ha la b.
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14418 alla c. dato adunque il $odo a. $otto la data ragione della b. alla c. &egrave; $tato formato con $i-
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14419 migliante $odo h. come era l'intento. Ma perche alcuna fiata egli bi$ogna mutare, &amp; ridurre
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14420 un $odo in un'altro, &amp; proportionare piu corpi, per&ograve; $e uorremo fare un cubo eguale ad un dato
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diff changeset
14421 parallelipedo $i far&agrave; in que$to modo. Sia dato un $odo parallelipedo a b c d. la cui larghez
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parents:
diff changeset
14422 za $ia a b. l'altezza b c. la lunghezza c d. gia bi$ogna al $odo a b c d. ponere un cu
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14423 bo eguale. Troui$i adunque per l'ultima del $econdo de gli elementi il lato quadrato del piano
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14424 a b c. cio&egrave; una linea dritta, il cui quadrato $ia eguale al piano a b c. la qual linea dritta
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14425 $ia e. dapoi col mezo d'alcuna delle precedenti dimo$trationi tra la e. &amp; la c d. trouin$i due
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14426 proportionali, che $iano f. &amp; g. dico che'l cubo della dritta linea f. $ar&agrave; eguale al dato pa-
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14427 rallelipedo a b c d. imperoche per lo corolario della decima nona del $e$to de gli elementi, il
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14428 quadrato fatto dalla f. al quadrato fatto dalla e. &egrave; come il quadrato fatto dalla c d. al qua
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14429 drato fatto dalla f. &amp; perche per la trente$ima quarta dello undecimo de gli elementi, i $odi
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14430 parallelipedi, delle quali le ba$e $ono reciproche di altezze $ono eguali, il cubo adunque fatto
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14431 dalla f. &egrave; eguale al dato $odo parallelipedo a b c d. Da que$to ne na$ce, che nelle colonne,
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14432 che hanno lati, delle quali gli oppo$ti piani $ono paralleli, &amp; altri piani parallelogrammi per la
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14433 $opradetta ragione facilmente $i po$$ono conuertire in cubi. perche uno parallelipedo, che ha per
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14434 ba$a uno quadrato eguale ad una ba$a laterata, &amp; &egrave; di eguale altezza alla colonna, &egrave; eguale al
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14435 la i$te$$a colonna. Egli $i dimo$tra anche, come $i po$$a fare eguale ad un dato cubo $otto una da
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14436 ta altezza, un $odo parallelipedo. Sia la data altezza la dritta linea a. &amp; il dato cubo b.
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14437 gia bi$ogna $otto l'altezza a. alzare un parallelipedo, che $ia eguale al dato cubo b. $ia la
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14438 c. eguale ad un lato del cubo b. &amp; per la undecima del $e$to de gli elementi $ia la meza propor
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14439 tionale e. Dico adunque, che il parallelipedo la cui ba$e $ia eguale al quadrato fatto dalla e.</I>
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14440 <pb n="365">
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14441 <I>&amp; l'altezza eguale alla a. $ar&agrave; eguale al dato cubo b. &amp; perche per la con$truttione, le tre
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14442 linee $ono in continua proportione, cio&egrave; la e. la c. &amp; la d. adunque per lo corolario del-
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14443 la decima nona del $e$to, il quadrato, che uiene dalla c. al quadrato, che uiene dalla e. &egrave; co
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14444 me la c. alla d. cio&egrave; come la a. alla c. perche per la $uppo$itione, $i come $i ha la a. al-
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14445 la c. co$i $i ha la c. alla d. ma il quadrato, che uiene dalla c. &egrave; la ba$a del cubo b. &amp; il
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14446 quadrato, che uiene dalla e. &egrave; la ba$a del parallelipedo, che $i deue fare: adunque per la tren
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14447 te$ima quarta dell'undecimo de gli elementi, il parallelipedo $odo, che ha la ba$a eguale al qua
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14448 drato e. &amp; l'altezza eguale alla data a. &egrave; eguale al dato cubo b. il che bi$ognaua dimo$tra
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14449 re. Qui bi$ognerebbe anchora andar uagando, &amp; dimo$trare, come diuer$e figure, &amp; corpi $i
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14450 mutano in altre forme, &amp; come non $olo $i raddoppiano, ma $i uanno triplicando, &amp; multipli-
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14451 cando, $e i principij dati fin qui non ci $eriu$$ero, per&ograve; torneremo a Vitr. il qual dice.</I>
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14452 <p>Concio$ia co$a adunq;, che con $i gran piaceri delle dottrine tali co$e $iano $tate auuer
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14453 tite, &amp; naturalmente $iano forzati di mouer$i per le inuentioni di cia$cuna co$a, con$ide-
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14454 randone gli effetti, mentre che io con attentione riguardo a molte co$e, io prendo non
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14455 poca ammiratione de i uolumi compo$ti da Democrito d'intorno alla natura delle co$e,
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14456 &amp; di quel $uo commentario intitolato chirotonito. nel quale anche egli u$aua lo anello, $i
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14457 gillando con cera fatta di Minio quelle co$e, che egli haueua $perimentate.
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14458 <p><I>Io qui leggerei cirocinnauos, perche ciros $ignificaua la cera, &amp; cinnauos le imagini, che ten
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14459 gono gli $tatuarij dinanzi a gli occhi, co$i Democrito nella cera imprimendo le $ue i$perienze, per
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14460 ricordar$ene, $e le teneua dinanzi a gli occhi. Et quelle note erano come commentarij, perche
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14461 commetteuano alla mente le i$perienze. Plinio legge Cirocineta. Filandro interpreta, commen
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14462 tario di co$e $cielte: a me pare miglior lettione quella, che io dico, perche Vitruuio mede$mo qua
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14463 $i lo dichiara dicendo.</I> {<I>Nel quale egli u$aua lo anello $igillando con cera tinta di minio, quelle co
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14464 $e, le quali egli haueua $perimentate.</I>} <I>Certo &egrave; che Democrito $egnaua in cera ro$$a le co$e pro-
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14465 uate, per tener$ele a memoria, co$i $olemo noi nelle margini de libri $egnare con qualche colore
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14466 le co$e $cielte, per hauerle pronte. Segue Vitr.</I>
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14467 <p>Le inuentioni adunque di quegli huomini non $olamente $ono $tate apparecchiate a
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14468 corregere i co$tumi, ma ancho alla perpetua utilit&agrave; di cia$cuno. Ma il grido, &amp; la gran-
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14469 dezza de gli Athleti in breue tempo con corpi loro inuecchia in modo, che n&egrave; quando
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14470 grandemente fiori$ceno, n&egrave; dapoi nella po$terit&agrave; po$$ono que$ti, come fanno le co$e pen
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14471 $ate da gli huomini $aui con belli ammae$tramenti giouare alla uita humana. Ma non $i
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14472 dando i debiti honori n&egrave; a i co$tumi, n&egrave; a i precetti de i ualenti $crittori, &amp; guardando le
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14473 menti piu alto, che l'aere con i gradi delle memorie al cielo $olleuate a forza fanno, che
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14474 eternamente non $olo le $ententie, ma le imagini loro a po$teri $iano cono$ciute. Et pe-
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14475 r&ograve; chi ha la mente adorna de i piaceri delle lettere, non puo non hauere nel petto $uo con-
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14476 $ecrato, come di Dei, il $imulacro di Ennio p oeta: Et quelli che a$siduamente prende-
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14477 no piacere de i uer$i di Accio, non tanto la uirt&ugrave; delle parole, ma anche la figura $ua pare,
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14478 che $eco habbiano pre$ente; &amp; co$i molti, che dopo la memoria no$tra na$ceranno, pare
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14479 ranno di$putare con Lucretio della natura delle co$e, come $e egli fu$$e pre$ente: Et $i-
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14480 milmente dell'arte del dire con Cicerone. &amp; molti de i po$teri ragioneranno con Varro-
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14481 ne della lingua latina. Et molti amatori della cognitione diliberando con i $aui de i Gre-
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14482 ci molte co$e, pareranno e$$er con quelli in $ecreti ragionamenti. Et in $omma le $enten
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14483 ze de i buoni $crittori e$$endo in fiore $tando i corpi lontani, quando $ono addotte ne i
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14484 con$igli, &amp; nelle di$putationi hanno maggiore autorit&agrave;, che quelle de i pre$enti. Per
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14485 il che io o Ce$are confidatomi in que$ti autori, &amp; pre$i i loro $entimenti, &amp; con$igli ho
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14486 $critto que$ti uolumi, &amp; ne i primi $ette ho trattato de gli edificij, nell'ottauo delle acque
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14487 &amp; in que$to delle ragioni de i Gnomoni, come $tate $ono da i raggi del Sole nel mondo
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14488 per le ombre de i Gnomoni ritrouate, &amp; con che ragioni $i allungano, &amp; accorciano dir&ograve;
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14489 chiaramente.
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14490 <foot><I>BBB</I> 2</foot>
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14491 <pb n="366">
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14492 <p><I>Conclude Vitr. la $ua lunga digre$$ione, &amp; pare, che fin qui $ia $tato il proemio del pre$en-
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14493 te libro, il quale per la diuer$it&agrave; delle co$e for$e &egrave; $tato in molte parti diui$o; il tutto &egrave; non meno
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14494 facile, che degno da e$$er posto in opera, come co$a piena di utili$$imi precetti a chi $i diletta di
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14495 $apere, &amp; di con$eruare nella memoria le co$e imparate.</I>
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14496 <HEAD><I>Della ragione de i Gnomoni ritrouati per l'ombra
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14497 da i raggi del Sole. Et del mondo. Et de i
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14498 pianeti. Cap. IIII.</I></HEAD>
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14499 <p>Qvelle co$e adunque con diuina mente $ono $tate acqui$tate, &amp; $eco hanno a
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14500 chi le con$idera grande ammiratione, che l'ombra nello equinottio fatta dal
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14501 Gnomone &egrave; di altra grandezza in Athene, di altra in Ale$$andria, di altra in
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14502 Roma: n&egrave; quella i$te$$a &egrave; in Piacenza, che &egrave; in altri luoghi della terra. Et pe-
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14503 r&ograve; <*>ono molto differenti le de$crittioni de gli horologi per la mutatione de i pae$i, perche
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14504 dalle grandezze dell'ombre equinottiali $i di$egnano le forme de gli analemmi, de i qua-
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14505 li $i fanno le de$crittioni delle hore, $econdo la ragione de i luoghi, &amp; delle ombre de
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14506 i Gnomoni.
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14507 <p><I>Mirabile dottrina &egrave; quella, che ci da Vitr. nel pre$ente lihro delle co$e della A$tronomia: &amp;
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14508 piu mirabile &egrave; la breuit&agrave; $ua: per&ograve; il pre$ente trattato $i deue pa$$are con diligenza, &amp; auuerti-
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14509 mento non mediocre: imperoche in quello $i tocca breui$$imamente quello, che in molti uolumi
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14510 da molti &egrave; $tato raccolto. Et perche non ci $ia confu$ione, diremo ordinatamente ogni co$a po-
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14511 nendo le parole di Vitr. le quali non parole, ma $entenze, &amp; conclu$ioni $i po$$ono meritamente
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14512 nominare. Tratta adunque nel pre$ente libro della ragione de gli horologi da Sole, &amp; delle om-
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14513 bre: &amp; perche ombra non &egrave; $enon doue &egrave; il corpo lumino$o, i cui raggi $ono impediti dal corpo
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14514 opaco, per&ograve; tratta de i corpi cele$ti, che fanno lume, &amp; per que$ta occa$ione abbraccia il moui-
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diff changeset
14515 mento del cielo, la figura, &amp; la mi$ura del tutto. Introduce il $uo trattamento in questo modo:
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14516 che uedendo noi, quando il giorno, &amp; la notte $on eguali, il qual tempo $i chiama equinottio,
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14517 che uiene due fiate l'anno di Marzo, &amp; di Settembre, non intendendo di quelli, che $tanno $otto
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14518 l'equinottiale, perche l'hanno $empre: n&egrave; di quelli, che $tanno $otto i poli, perche non l'hanno
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14519 mai, inquanto, che $iano dodici hore il d&igrave;, &amp; dodici la notte: uedendo dico, che al tempo de gli
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14520 equinottij $ul mezo d&igrave;, in diuer$i luoghi l'ombra &egrave; diuer$amente proportionata a gli edificij, albe
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14521 ri, $tili, &amp; a tutte le co$e leuate da terra, &amp; dritte, imperoche da que tempi in alcuni luoghi
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14522 l'ombra &egrave; pari alle co$e, che la fanno, in altri &egrave; maggiore, in altri &egrave; minore, grande occa$ione
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14523 hauemo da merauigliarci, &amp; per&ograve; per naturale in$tinto ci diamo a cercar d'onde uegna la diuer$i-
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14524 t&agrave; dell'ombre; &amp; uedendo che que$ta mutatione non puo uenire $e non dalla diuer$it&agrave; dell'altezza
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14525 del Sole, che a quelli tempi ad alcuni &egrave; piu alto, ad alcuni &egrave; piu ba$$o, cominciamo ad inuestiga-
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14526 re il cor$o del Sole, &amp; co$i quello, che non potemo fare nel cielo, de$criuemo in terra con linee,
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14527 &amp; con figure, $eruando intiera la ragione del tutto. Et chi &egrave; tanto $ottile, &amp; ingenio$o, che tro
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14528 ui $imili de$crittioni $i puo uer amente dire, che egli $ia d'intelletto diuino, &amp; che le $ue inuentio-
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14529 ni $iano piu pre$to diuine, che humane, &amp; que$to ha detto Vitr. fin qui. Dichiara poi come $i
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14530 chiama quella de$crittione di linee, che $i fa per dimo$trare il cor$o del Sole, &amp; dice, che $i chia
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14531 ma Analemma, &amp; diffini$ce, che co$a &egrave; Analemma, dicendo.</I> Analemma &egrave; ragione cerca-
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14532 ta dal cor$o del Sole, &amp; dall'ombra cre$cente, trouata dalla o$$eruatione del $ole$titio del
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14533 uerno, dalla quale per ragioni d'Architettura, &amp; per de$crittioni del compa$$o &egrave; $tato ritro
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14534 uato lo effetto nel mondo.
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14535 <pb n="367">
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14536 <p><I>Com nciauano gli antichi l'anno dal $ole$titio del uerno, che uiene di Decembre; quefto chia-
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14537 mauano bruma. auuertirono a quel tempo che $ul mezo d&igrave; l'ombra del Gnomone era piu lunga,
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14538 che ne gli altri tempi nel mezo d&igrave;; per&ograve; concludeuano, che a quel tempo il Sole fu$$e piu ba$$o.
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parents:
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14539 De$criuendo adunque nel piano de i circoli &amp; drizzando i Gnomoni, cio&egrave; $tili da ombre $opra il
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14540 piano tirauano linee da i de$critti circoli alla punta dello $tile, &amp; continuando quelle linee rap-
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14541 pre$entauano l'ombre fin $ul piano proportionando l'ombre con lo $tile, il quale perche $taua ad an
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14542 goli dritti $opra il piano. per&ograve; $i chiama Gnomone, &amp; co$i di giorno in giorno $ul mezo d&igrave; pren-
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14543 deuano la altezza del Sole, che dal tempo della bruma al tempo della $tate ogni giorno piu s'in-
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14544 nalzaua, &amp; co$i concludendo l'altezza del Sole meridiana, ne faceuano nel piano la de$crittio-
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14545 ne, &amp; il di$egno mo$trando in terra gli effetti del Cielo; que$ta de$crittione era detta Analem-
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14546 ma, che &egrave; come uno ripigliamento del cor$o del Sole, per formarne gli horologi, $econdo la diuer
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14547 $it&agrave; de i pae$i. Prendeuano le altezze del Sole, &amp; le ombre meridiane, perche il circolo meri-
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14548 diano &egrave; piu certo, &amp; piu o$$eruabile, che gli altri. Ma perche nella diffinitione dello Analem-
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14549 ma Vitr. ha detto,</I> {<I>&egrave; $tato ritrouato lo effetto nel mondo.</I>} <I>per&ograve; per que$ta occa$ione egli di-
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14550 chiara, che co$a &egrave; Mondo.</I>
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14551 <p>Mondo &egrave; un grandi$simo concetto della natura di tutte le co$e, &amp; il Cielo figura-
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parents:
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14552 to di $telle.
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parents:
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14553 <p><I>Due co$e abbraccia il mondo, la prima &egrave; il Cielo, la $econda &egrave; tutto quello, che dal Cielo &egrave;
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14554 compre$o, la doue i moderni nella diui$ione della sfera hanno detto la regione elementare, &amp; la
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14555 cele$te. Era nece$$ario porui il cielo, perche nel cielo $ono posti i corpi lumino$i, i raggi de i qua
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14556 li fanno gli effetti nel Mondo: il Mondo adunque &egrave; un grandi$$imo, &amp; $ommo concetto di tutte le
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14557 co$e, perche &egrave; perfetto, &amp; quella co$a &egrave; perfetta a cui niente manca, &amp; niente $e le puo aggiu-
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14558 gnere. Al Mondo adunque perche &egrave; fatto di tulta la materia, perche abbraccia ogni co$a, per-
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14559 che ha principio, mezo, &amp; fine, perche contiene, &amp; non &egrave; contenuto, $i conuiene il nome di per-
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14560 fetto: il che Vitr. gli attribui$ce, dicendo, conceptio $umma, perche $e &egrave; $omma oltra di quello
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14561 non $i troua co$a, &amp; in quello il tutto &egrave; compre$o. Il Mondo adunque &egrave; ungrandi$$imo abbrac-
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14562 ciamento di tutte le nature, s&igrave; di quelle, che $ono atte a patire, &amp; ariceuere qualche impre$$ione
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14563 come $ono gli elementi, &amp; i mi$ti perfetti, &amp; imperfetti, s&igrave; di quelle, che hanno uirt&ugrave; di fare, &amp;
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14564 d'influire, come $ono i corpi cele$ti. Et que$te nature $ono una dentro l'altra, accioche que$ta ce
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14565 ra mondana po$$a e$$er formata dalle forme cele$ti, che Vitr. dice. Cielo di $telle figurato, del
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14566 quale egli ragionando dice.</I> Que$to cielo continuamente $i uolge d'intorno la terra, &amp; il
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14567 mare, per gli ultimi cardini del $uo perno, che a$$e &egrave; nominato.
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14568 <p><I>La$cia Vitr. la prima parte della diffinitione del mondo, perche non fa per hora al propo$ito:
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14569 Et tratta della $econda, che &egrave; il Cielo. Et in poche parole dice molte co$e, che $i dichiareranno
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14570 di$tintamente. Che il cielo $i muoua egli &egrave; manife$to al $en$o, per la mutatione del luogo, che fan-
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14571 no i corpi cele$ti, che mai non $i fermano. E anche noti$$imo, che il mouimento $ia circolare d'in
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14572 torno il mare, &amp; la terra, &amp; che $i uolga $opra un perno imaginato ne i cardini $uoi. Perche
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14573 $e il cielo abbraccia ogni co$a, ogni luogo, ogni $patio, $e altrimenti $i moue$$e, che in giro, o
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14574 non fu$$e di forma circolare, certamente la$ciarebbe fuori di $e o $patio, o uoto; il che non &egrave; ra-
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14575 gioneuole. Oltra di que$to molti altri accidenti $ono, per li quali noi uenimo in cognitione, che
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14576 il cielo $i giri a tondo, &amp; che $ia di figura $imile al $uo mouimento, de i qualine $ono pieni uolu-
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14577 mi, &amp; $e ne $anno e$perienze con gli in$trumenti. Et perche noi uedemo un continuo mouimento
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14578 per un uer$o, per&ograve; c'imaginamo due $tabili$$imi punti oppo$ti per diametro, da i quali imaginamo,
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14579 che pa$$i per lo centro una linea, &amp; quelli punti $ono detti cardini, perche qua$i come $opra i
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14580 $uoi cardini il cielo $opra quelli $i uolge. Que$ti cardini $i chiamano poli da'Greci. ma la linea
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diff changeset
14581 imaginata, che dall'uno all'altro cardine pa$$a per lo centro del Mondo, &egrave; detta a$$e o perno. I
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diff changeset
14582 cui e$tremi $ono i cardini, o poli del Mondo. Ma cio che di punti, di linee, &amp; di circoli nel cielo $i
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diff changeset
14583 dice, tutto &egrave; detto per maggior dichiaratione, &amp; non perche ueramente $i trouino nel cielo come</I>
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diff changeset
14584 <pb n="368">
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14585 <I>uogliono alcuni, che ne i poli $ia la uirtu di muouere, il che rif<*>ta Ari$tot. nel libro del mouimen
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14586 to de gli animali, argoment ando, che que$to non puo e$$ere e$$endo i poli $enza grandezza aleu-
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parents:
diff changeset
14587 na, anzi punti indiui$ibili: &amp; for$e dal detto di Ari$tot. potemo correggere quello, che dice Vit.
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diff changeset
14588 il quale per&ograve; come Architetto $i deue $cu$are, quando dice.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14589 <p>Perche in tali luoghi la uirt&ugrave; della natura co$i ha come Architetto fabricato, &amp; ha fitto
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diff changeset
14590 i cardini, come centri uno in que$to mondo di $opra del mare, &amp; della terra, &amp; l'altro di
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diff changeset
14591 la al contrario $otterra nelle parti meridiane, &amp; iui d'intorno a que cardini come d'intor-
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parents:
diff changeset
14592 no a centri ha fatto le rotelle come a torno perfette, lequali $ono da i Greci nominati po-
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parents:
diff changeset
14593 li: per lequali eternamente con ueloci$simo cor$o il cielo $i gira: &amp; co$i la terra col mare
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parents:
diff changeset
14594 in luogo di centro &egrave; $tata collocata nel mezo.
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parents:
diff changeset
14595 <p><I>Due $ono i Poli, &amp; cardini, i quali per diametro nel mondo opposti $ono, ma che uno $ia di $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
14596 pra, &amp; l'altro di $otto non &egrave;, $e non per ri$petto a gli habitanti della terra, per&ograve; bi$ogna inten-
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parents:
diff changeset
14597 dere, che Vitr. doueua dire a que$to modo; &amp; ca$o che egli non lo dica, come $i puo uedere dicen-
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parents:
diff changeset
14598 do egli, che la natura co$i gli ha po$ti, che uno $ia di $opra &amp; l'altro di $otto, &egrave; nece$$ario, che noi
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14599 intendiamo drittamente. perche quelli, che $tanno $otto l'equinottiale, non hanno un polo piu ele-
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parents:
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14600 uato dell'altro; $imilmente quelli, che $tanno di la dal mezo hanno il loro polo eleuato $opra l'O-
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parents:
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14601 rizonte, che a noi habitanti di qua dal mezo &egrave; depre$$o. &amp; il nostro a loro &egrave; meridiano come il
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14602 loro a noi; per&ograve; que$to $ito, di che parla Vitr. $i deue intendere in ri$petto, &amp; non a$$olutamente,
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parents:
diff changeset
14603 per&ograve; ($i come dice Vitr.) la terra col mare nel mezo in luogo di centro &egrave; $tata naturalmente
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parents:
diff changeset
14604 collocata: certo &egrave;, che in alcune parti un polo $ar&agrave; eleuato, &amp; l'altro depre$$o: &amp; in alcuni l'uno,
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14605 &amp; l'altro $ar&agrave; egualmente nel piano dell'Orizonte: la doue e$$endo conclu$o da tutti gli a$trono-
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parents:
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14606 mi, che $tando l'huomo in qual $ito $i uoglia $opra la terra, $empre il piano del $uo Orizonte diui-
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14607 de il cielo in due parti eguali, et tutti qua$i gli in$trumenti, che $i u$ano, u$an$i in modo, come $e
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parents:
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14608 l'hnomo fu$$e nel centro della terra; &egrave; nece$$ario di concludere, &amp; che la terra $ia a gui$a di
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parents:
diff changeset
14609 centro nel mezo del mondo, &amp; che egualmente partito $ia quello, che $i uede da quello, che non
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parents:
diff changeset
14610 $i uede con la $operficie dell'Orizonte. Hauendo adunque noi due punti come termini fi$$i, $opra i
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parents:
diff changeset
14611 quali il cielo $i gira, $eguita Vitr. a de$criuere il cielo con altri $egni. &amp; dice</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14612 <p>E$$endo que$te co$e dalla natura di$po$te in modo, che dalla parte $ettentrionale hab-
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parents:
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14613 bia il centro piu eleuato da terra con l'altezza $ua, &amp; nella parte del mezo d&igrave; $ottopo$to a
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parents:
diff changeset
14614 i luoghi inferiori $ia dalla terra o$curato, indi a trauer$o per mezo il mondo ui &egrave; formata
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parents:
diff changeset
14615 una zona a gui$a di circolo cinta con do dici $egni piegata alla parte del mezo d&igrave;, laqual
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parents:
diff changeset
14616 forma di$egni con certa di$po$itione di $telle agguagliandone dodici parti, ci d&agrave; e$pre$$a
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parents:
diff changeset
14617 iui la figuratione, che ui dipin$e la natura.
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parents:
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14618 <p><I>Volendo Vitr. e$primere molte co$e diuenta alquanto o$curo per la durezza del dire. Veden-
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parents:
diff changeset
14619 do noi il certo, &amp; continuato uolgimento del cielo da Leuante a Ponente, trouato hauemo i due
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parents:
diff changeset
14620 poli, &amp; l'a$$e in certi, &amp; determinati luoghi. Con$iderando poi il mouimento, che fa il Sole in
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parents:
diff changeset
14621 uno anno, &amp; che hora na$ce in una parte dell'Orizonte, &amp; da un uento, hora in un'altra, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
14622 che $ul mezo d&igrave; hora s'auuicina piu al punto che ci $opra$t&agrave;, hora &egrave; piu ba$$o, &amp; che uaria i gior
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parents:
diff changeset
14623 ni, &amp; le notti egualmente, $apemo, che per que$te co$e auuertite bene, &amp; o<02>eruate, gli antichi
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parents:
diff changeset
14624 hanno trouato la obliqua uia del Sole, per laquale andando egli con moto contrario al primo di
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parents:
diff changeset
14625 giorno in giorno faccia tutta quella $e n$ibile mutatione. $imilmente auuertendo il cor$o de gli al-
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parents:
diff changeset
14626 tri pianeti $eguitare la uia del Sole, ma non co$i egualmente $targli appre$$o, diedero nome a
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parents:
diff changeset
14627 quella uia, per laquale il Sole, &amp; gli altri pianeti pa$$auano, &amp; la chiamarono cinta, o zona,
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parents:
diff changeset
14628 perche $i come una cinta cignendo non $olo s'aggira con una $emplice linea, ma tiene larghezza,
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parents:
diff changeset
14629 co$i la uia de i pianeti &egrave; $tata imaginata &amp; circolare, &amp; larga, &amp; &egrave; stata cono$ciuta piegar da
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parents:
diff changeset
14630 una parte all'uno de i Poli, &amp; dall'altra, all'altro, &amp; abbracciare tutto il cielo; cio&egrave;, e$$ere uno
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parents:
diff changeset
14631 de i circoli maggiori. &amp; in quella anche $ono $tate cono$ciute alcune compagnie di stelle, alle-
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parents:
diff changeset
14632 quali &egrave; $tato imposto nome di $egni; &amp; perche $ono dodici. Vitr. le chiama dodici parti pareggia</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14633 <pb n="369">
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parents:
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14634 <I>te, perche $ono di trenta gradi per $egno, di trecento &amp; $e$$anta, ne i quali per piu commodit&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
14635 hanno partito i circoli. La uia de i pianeti &egrave; $tata da' Greci detta Zodiaco, &amp; da i Latmi $igni-
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parents:
diff changeset
14636 fero, perche in e$$a $ono i $egni. La uia del Sole &egrave; stata nominata Eclittica, perche $opra e$$a
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parents:
diff changeset
14637 $tando il Sole, &amp; la Luna in certe di$tanze, $i fanno gli Ecli<02>i, cio&egrave; i mancamenti, &amp; le o$cura-
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parents:
diff changeset
14638 tioni loro. Il Zodiaco ha larghezza, perche il cor$o de pianeti la richiede. &amp; nella $ua circon-
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parents:
diff changeset
14639 ferenza &egrave; diui$o anche egli in</I> 360 <I>parti. la uia del Sole detta Eclittica, &egrave; nel mezo della lar-
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parents:
diff changeset
14640 ghezza del Zodiaco. &amp; le linee, che $ono gli e$tremi della larghezza del Zodiaco $ono distanti
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parents:
diff changeset
14641 $ei gradi cia$cuna dalla Eclittica, in modo, che $ei gradi di qu&agrave;, &amp; $ei di l&agrave; fanno dodici gradi del
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parents:
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14642 Zodiaco in larghezza, oltra la quale non caminano i pianeti: Benche Venere, &amp; Marte per la
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parents:
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14643 grandezza de i loro Epicicli (come dicono alcuni contemplatiui) e$chino poi fuori; ma questo
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parents:
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14644 auuiene di raro. Ilche for$e ha dato luogo alla fauola di Venere, &amp; di Marte. Chiama$i il Zo-
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parents:
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14645 diaco circolo obliquo, perche non a$cende, n&egrave; di$cende regolarmente $econdo le $ue parti, &amp; per-
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parents:
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14646 che con tutte le parti $ue non &egrave; egualmente distante da i poli del Mondo; oltra che non taglia
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parents:
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14647 con giusti angoli gli altri circoli cele$ti. Ma quello, che dice Vitr.</I> {<I>E$$endo queste co$e co$i dal-
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14648 la natura di$po$te.</I>} <I>Que$to non &egrave; per natura: ma per ri$petto de gli Orizonti, che $i mutano $e-
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parents:
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14649 condo i $iti, benche per natura $ia il Cielo, in que due punti, che Vitru. chiama centri, fermato.
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
14650 Le conditioni della zona, che dice Vitr. $ono prima che &egrave; larga, dapoi &egrave; piegata uer$o i poli, oltra
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parents:
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14651 di que$to &egrave; formata di deci $egni, &amp; benche la natura habbia fatto quelle $telle, per&ograve; gli o$$erua-
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parents:
diff changeset
14652 tori le hanno co$i compartite, &amp; gli A$tronomi ne danno le lor cau$e. I $egni $ono dodici, cia$cu-
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14653 no de' quali &egrave; dato al $uo me$e. per&ograve; i me$i $ono dodici. tengono i $egni trenta gradi per uno $e-
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14654 condo una con$ideratione, per&ograve; l'anno &egrave; denominato da trecento et $e$$anta giorni, &amp; di quel piu,
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14655 che il Sole ananza ogni giorno col$uo mouimento contrario al mouimento del primo cielo. on-
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14656 de Vitru. dice.</I>
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14657 <p>Et per&ograve; quelli $egni lucenti col mondo, &amp; con il re$tante ornamento delle $telle giran-
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14658 do$i d'intorno la terra, &amp; il mare fanno il cor$o loro $econdo la ritondezza del cielo. Ma
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14659 tutte le co$e che $i uedeno, &amp; che non $i uedeno $ono formate con la nece$sit&agrave; de i tempi,
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14660 &amp; delle $tagioni, delliquali tempi $ei $egni $opra la terra col Cielo uanno uagando, &amp; gli
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14661 altri $otto la terra dall'ombra di quella $ono o$curati. ma $ei di que$ti $empre $opra la ter-
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14662 ra $i muoueno; perche quanto una parte dell'ultimo $egno forzata dalla depre$sione col
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diff changeset
14663 $uo girare andando $otto $i occulta, tanto dalla contraria parte dalla nece$sit&agrave; del girar$i
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14664 $opra leuata col mouimento circolare u$cendo da luoghi non manife$ti, &amp; o$curi $e ne
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14665 uiene in luce; perche una forza, &amp; una i$te$$a nece$sit&agrave; fa l'Oriente, &amp; l'Occidente.
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14666 <p><I>Cio&egrave; perche una forza, &amp; una i$te$$a nece$$it&agrave; fa, che l'una parte a$cenda, &amp; che l'altra di$cen
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14667 da. Imouimenti de i Cieli $ono due per molti accidenti cono$ciuti, l'uno &egrave; da Leuante, a Po-
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diff changeset
14668 nente, come $i uede ogni giorno leuare, &egrave; tramontare il Sole, &amp; l'altre $telle. Que$to mouimento
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diff changeset
14669 &egrave; detto primo, &amp; diurno, $opra del quale non &egrave; co$a $en$ibile, &amp; in termine di hore uentiquattro
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diff changeset
14670 $i gira perfettamente facendo lo $pacio d'un giorno natural&eacute;. $i che il Sole fa lo anno; la Luna
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14671 il me$e; il primo mouimento i giorni. Di que$to primo mouimento, delquale niuno altro &egrave; piu ue
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14672 loce, ha parlato Vitr. fin qui: &amp; ha detto, che per quel mouimento $ei $egni del Zodiaco $empre
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14673 $tanno $opra l'Orizonte, &amp; $ei $empre di $otto. Que$to &egrave; uero, perche in ogni Orizonte tanto di
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14674 giorno, quanto di notte na$ce uno $emicircolo del Zodiaco, nelquale $ono $ei $egni: &amp; ne muore,
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14675 o cade l'altro, nelquale $ono $ei altri $egni: &amp; e$$endo il Zodiaco uno de i circoli maggiori della
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diff changeset
14676 Sfera, $empre in ogni Orizonte una met&agrave; &egrave; $opra, &amp; l'altra $otto, &amp; quanto cade di una, tanto
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14677 $i leua dell'altra.</I>
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14678 <p>Ma quelli $egni e$$endo in numero dodici, &amp; tenendo cia$cuno la duodecima parte
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14679 del mondo, &amp; andando egli continuamente dal Leuante al Ponente; Allhora per quelli fe-
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14680 gni con mouimento contrario, la Luna, la $tella di Mercurio, &amp; di Venere, il Sole, &amp; co$i
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14681 la $tella di Marte, di Gioue, &amp; di Saturno come per $alita de gradi, montando cia$cuno
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parents:
diff changeset
14682 <pb n="371">
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14683 <I>cuno $patio di tempo s'allont anauano dalla iste$$a stella, &amp; di nuouo dopo alcun tempo riterna-
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14684 uano alla iste$$a; ilche dalla Luna, il cui cor$o &egrave; piu ueloce, $i puo piu pre$to cono$cere o$$eruando
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14685 la congiuntione, ouero lo $patio, nel quale e$$a a qualche stella cono $ciuta ritorna: e$$aminando
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14686 tante fiate, quante uer$o Leuante s'allontana, finche $i ueda di $uo proprio mouimento ritornata
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14687 alla iste$$a stella. in questa maniera adunque &egrave; stato ritrouato il $econdo mouimento contrario
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14688 al primo. La quinta conclu$ione era, che con diuer$a grandezza di giri cia$cuno de i pianeti $a-
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14689 ceua il cor$o $uo. Hauendo Vitr. numerato di $opra i $ette pianeti, Saturno, Gioue, Marte, il So-
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14690 le, Venere, Mercurio, &amp; la Luna: i caratteri de i quali $ono questi per ordine.</I> <01>. <04>. <05>.
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14691 <06>. <07>. <09>. <08>. <I>$i dichiara la detta conclu$ione, con lunga indottione da Vitruuio in
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14692 questo modo.</I>
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14693 <p>La Luna in giorni uentiotto, &amp; qua$i un'hora girando$ia torno il Cielo, &amp; ritornando
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14694 a quel $egno, d'onde prima $i mo$$e, compie il me$e Lunare: ma il Sole pa$$a per lo $pacio
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14695 d'un $egno, che &egrave; la duodecima parte del Cielo in un me$e, la doue in dodici me$i, andan
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parents:
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14696 do per lo $pacio di dodici $egni, quando ritorna al $egno, donde prima $i part&igrave;, compie
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14697 lo $pacio d'un'anno; &amp; quel giro, che fa la Luna tredic&iacute; fiate in dodici me$i, il Sole mi$ura
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parents:
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14698 ne i mede$imi $egni una fiata.
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diff changeset
14699 <p><I>Poi che Vitr. ci ha dimostrato, che $i truoua diuer$it&agrave; ne i mouimenti de i cieli quanto a i ter-
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parents:
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14700 mini del mouimento, hora egli ci dimostra e$$ere diuer$it&agrave; nella tardezza, &amp; nella uelocit&agrave;, &amp;
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diff changeset
14701 determina gli $pacij del tempo, ne i quali cia$cuno fa il $uo mouimento. Noi per maggior chia-
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parents:
diff changeset
14702 rezza proponeremo alcune co$e dell'ordine, del numero, della po$itione, del $ito, &amp; del mouimen
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14703 to delle sfere cele$ti. Otto $ono i cieli, o per dir meglio tutta la machina cele$te contiene otto gi-
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parents:
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14704 ri di cieli $eparati, contigui, &amp; concentrici, oltra i quali non &egrave; mouimento alcuno, $e non imagi-
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parents:
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14705 nato per $aluar le apparenze. $ette cieli $i danno a i $ette pianeti gia numerati: il piu pro$$imo
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parents:
diff changeset
14706 alla terra &egrave; la Luna, il piu lontano, Saturno. l'ottauo cielo &egrave; delle $telle fi$$e, detto firmamento,
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parents:
diff changeset
14707 ilquale &egrave; grandi$$imo, &amp; capace di tutti i predetti cieli. Que$to numero &egrave; $tato compre$o dalla
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parents:
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14708 uelocit&agrave; delle $telle inferiori, &amp; dalla tardezza delle $uperiori. perche le $telle de i cieli di $opra
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parents:
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14709 (intendo delle erranti) uanno piu tarde, che quelle di $otto, cio&egrave; uogliono piu tempo a raggirar$i,
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14710 perche fanno maggior uiaggio, conformando$i al primo mouimento. Euui un'altro argomento,
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parents:
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14711 che $i piglia dalla occultatione de i corpi piu alti, percioche e$$endo noi nel piu ba$$o luogo, non &egrave;
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parents:
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14712 dubbio, che quello, che ci &egrave; piu uicino a gli occhi non cuopra, o non occulti quello, che $ta di $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
14713 pra, quando $i trapone tra la no$tra ui$ta, &amp; il corpo $uperiore: Aggiugnendoui quella differen
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parents:
diff changeset
14714 za, che &egrave; tra il luogo, a cui peruiene la no$tra ui$ta, da quello, doue &egrave; ueramente la $tella, o il pia-
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14715 neta. laqual differenza $i $uol chiamare, diuer$it&agrave; dell'a$petto, laquale non &egrave; altro, che un'arco
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14716 d'un circolo grande, che ci pa$$a $opra la te$ta, compre$o da due linee, dellequali una imaginiamo,
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parents:
diff changeset
14717 che $i parta dal centro del mondo: l'altra dall'occhio no$tro, che &egrave; nella $uperficie della terra, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
14718 pa$$i per lo centro della $tella ueduta, &amp; termini nello arco predetto. Quella linea, che $i parte
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diff changeset
14719 dal centro della terra, &amp; pa$$ando per lo centro della $tella termina nell'arco imaginato del Zo-
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parents:
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14720 diaco, &egrave; detta linea del uero luogo, perche &egrave; dimo$tratrice, &amp; indice del uero luogo della $tella
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parents:
diff changeset
14721 Ma quella linea, che ua dall'occhio per lo centro della $tella al Zodiaco &egrave; detta, linea dell'apparen
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parents:
diff changeset
14722 za, come quella, che dimo$tra il luogo apparente. perilche lo angulo compre$o $otto quelle dritte
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parents:
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14723 linee $ar&agrave; la quantit&agrave; della diuer$it&agrave;, laquale $ar&agrave; tanto maggiore, quanto la $tella $ar&agrave; piu ba$-
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parents:
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14724 $a, &amp; piu uicina all'Orizonte. imperoche $tandoci la $tella $opra il capo, non $i uede alcuna diuer
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parents:
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14725 $it&agrave;, perche amendue le linee, &amp; quella del uero luogo, &amp; quella dell'apparenza diuentano una
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parents:
diff changeset
14726 $ola. per&ograve; $imil diuer$it&agrave; nella Luna, &egrave; grandi<02>ima: picciola nel Sole: in Marte apena $i uede; &amp;
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parents:
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14727 ne i pianeti di $opra non $i comprende, perche $ono lontani<02>imi: &amp; la figura delle dette co$e, &egrave;
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14728 qui appre$$o. La Luna adunque &amp; c.</I>
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diff changeset
14729 <p><I>a. il centro del mondo.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14730 <p><I>b. l'occhio nella $uperficie della terra.</I>
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diff changeset
14731 <foot><I>CCC</I> <I>c. la</I></foot>
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diff changeset
14732 <pb n="373">
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parents:
diff changeset
14733 <I>$pacio, che il Sole dimora $otto uno de i dodici $egni, &amp; co$i uno me$i $ar&agrave; la duodecima parte
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14734 dell'anno. Egli $i chiama me$e lo $pacio, che &egrave; da una congiuntione all'altra, che &egrave; di giorni uen-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14735 tinoue &egrave; mezo, poco piu. Finalmente me$e $i chiama quel tempo, che pone la Luna in girar tutto
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parents:
diff changeset
14736 il Zodiaco andando di $egno in $egno, ilche dice Vitru. che $i fa in giorni uentiotto, &amp; qua$i un'ho
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14737 ra. &amp; questo $i puo chiamare anno Lunare, benche Vitr. lo chiami me$e Lunare. io poner&ograve; qui
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14738 $otto una tauola distinta di tutti i mouimenti de i cieli $econdo la o$$eruatione de i moderni, i quali
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
14739 per $eruare alcune apparenze hanno aggiunto all'ottauo altri cieli.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14740 <HEAD><I>TAVOLA DEL MOVIMENTO DE I CIELI.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
14741 <TABLE>
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parents:
diff changeset
14742 <ROW><COL></COL><COL><I>S</I></COL><COL><I>G</I></COL><COL><I>M</I></COL><COL><I>Seconde</I></COL><COL><I>Tertie</I></COL><COL><I>Quarte</I></COL><COL><I>Quinte</I></COL><COL><I>Se$te</I></COL><COL><I>Settim<*></I></COL></ROW>
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parents:
diff changeset
14743 <ROW><COL><I>Il decimo fa in un'hora, In un giorno.</I></COL><COL></COL><COL>15</COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14744 <ROW><COL></COL><COL>12</COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL></ROW>
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parents:
diff changeset
14745 <ROW><COL><I>Il nono fa in un'hora, In un'anno, In</I> 49000 <I>anni.</I></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14746 <ROW><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL>4</COL><COL>20</COL><COL>41</COL><COL>17</COL><COL>12</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14747 <ROW><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL>26</COL><COL>25</COL><COL>51</COL><COL>9</COL><COL>38</COL><COL>19</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14748 <ROW><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL>4</COL><COL>56</COL><COL>34</COL><COL></COL><COL></COL></ROW>
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parents:
diff changeset
14749 <ROW><COL><I>Il firmamento in un d&igrave;, In un'anno, In</I> 7000 <I>anni.</I></COL><COL></COL><COL>3</COL><COL>5</COL><COL></COL><COL>30</COL><COL>24</COL><COL>49</COL><COL></COL><COL></COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14750 <ROW><COL></COL><COL>12</COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL>58</COL><COL>5</COL><COL></COL><COL></COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14751 <ROW><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL>12</COL><COL>30</COL><COL></COL><COL></COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14752 <ROW><COL><I>Saturno in un d&igrave;, In un'anno, In trent'anni, In me$i</I> 29. <I>&amp;</I> 363 <I>giorni.</I></COL><COL></COL><COL>12</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>34</COL><COL>35</COL><COL>17</COL><COL>40</COL><COL>21</COL><COL></COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14753 <ROW><COL></COL><COL>12</COL><COL>7</COL><COL>1</COL><COL>25</COL><COL>42</COL><COL>30</COL><COL>27</COL><COL>45</COL><COL></COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14754 <ROW><COL></COL><COL>12</COL><COL></COL><COL>1</COL><COL>22</COL><COL>27</COL><COL>17</COL><COL>34</COL><COL>57</COL><COL></COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14755 <ROW><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL>4</COL><COL>59</COL><COL>25</COL><COL>44</COL><COL>1</COL><COL>48</COL><COL></COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14756 <ROW><COL><I>Cioue in un d&igrave;, In un'anno, In anni</I> 12. <I>In anni</I> 11. <I>&amp;</I> 314. <I>giorni.</I></COL><COL>1</COL><COL></COL><COL>20</COL><COL>28</COL><COL>15</COL><COL>27</COL><COL>7</COL><COL>23</COL><COL>50</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14757 <ROW><COL></COL><COL>12</COL><COL>4</COL><COL>20</COL><COL>45</COL><COL>59</COL><COL>59</COL><COL>59</COL><COL>59</COL><COL>10</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14758 <ROW><COL></COL><COL>12</COL><COL></COL><COL>1</COL><COL>24</COL><COL>46</COL><COL>21</COL><COL>22</COL><COL>1</COL><COL>30</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14759 <ROW><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL>31</COL><COL>26</COL><COL>22</COL><COL>50</COL><COL>57</COL><COL>22</COL><COL>10</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14760 <ROW><COL><I>Marte in un d&igrave;, In due anni, In un'anno, &amp;</I> 322. <I>d&igrave;.</I></COL><COL>12</COL><COL>22</COL><COL>34</COL><COL>10</COL><COL>38</COL><COL>40</COL><COL>5</COL><COL></COL><COL></COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14761 <ROW><COL></COL><COL>12</COL><COL>2</COL><COL>40</COL><COL>44</COL><COL>22</COL><COL>40</COL><COL>50</COL><COL></COL><COL></COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14762 <ROW><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL>2</COL><COL>27</COL><COL>57</COL><COL>15</COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14763 <ROW><COL><I>Il Sole, Venere, &amp; Mercurio in un'hora. In un d&igrave;, In un'anno, In un'anno, &amp; hore $ei.</I></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL>59</COL><COL>8</COL><COL>50</COL><COL>49</COL><COL>3</COL><COL>18</COL><COL>4</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14764 <ROW><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL>43</COL><COL></COL><COL>19</COL><COL>37</COL><COL>19</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>56</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14765 <ROW><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL>39</COL><COL>22</COL><COL>1</COL><COL>59</COL><COL>45</COL><COL>40</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14766 <ROW><COL></COL><COL>11</COL><COL>29</COL><COL></COL><COL>26</COL><COL>26</COL><COL>56</COL><COL>19</COL><COL>34</COL><COL>4</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14767 <ROW><COL><I>La Luna in un'hora, In un d&igrave;, In giorni</I> 27. <I>&amp; hore</I> 8.</COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL>32</COL><COL>56</COL><COL>27</COL><COL>37</COL><COL>7</COL><COL>57</COL><COL>41</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14768 <ROW><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL></COL><COL>10</COL><COL>35</COL><COL>1</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>11</COL><COL>4</COL><COL>35</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14769 <ROW><COL></COL><COL>12</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>9</COL><COL>17</COL><COL>14</COL><COL>15</COL><COL>2</COL><COL>45</COL><COL>13</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14770 </TABLE>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14771 <p>Ma la $tella di Mercurio &amp; la $tella di Venere girando$i d'intorno i raggi del Sole, &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14772 coronando con i uiaggi loro il Sole, a gui$a di centro fanno i ritorni, &amp; le dimore, &amp; an-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14773 che con le $tationi loro per quella giratione dimorano ne gli $pacij de i $egni. &amp; che que-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14774 $to $ia uero, $i fa chiaro dalla $tella di Venere, percioche $eguitando ella il Sole, &amp; appa-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14775 rendoci dopo il tramontar di quello, &amp; rilucendo chiari$simamente, $i chiama per que$to
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14776 Ve$perugine: ma in altri tempi andandogli inanzi, &amp; leuando$i inanzi il giorno, $i chia-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14777 ma Lucifer. &amp; per quello alcune fiate piu giorni dimorano in un $egno, alcune fiate piu
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14778 pre$to entrano in un'altro, &amp; per&ograve; perche non compieno egualmente il numero de i gior-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14779 <foot><I>CCC</I> 2</foot>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14780 <pb n="374">
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parents:
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14781 ni in cia$cuno de i $egni, quanto prima hanno ritardato, tanto con piu ueloce cor$o pa$-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14782 $ando agguagliano il camino, &amp; lo pareggiano perfettamente. &amp; co$i na$ce, che auegna
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14783 che dimorino in alcuni $egni, niente di meno poi che $i tolgono dalla nece$sit&agrave; della tar-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14784 danza, pre$tamente con$egui$ceno il giu$to circoito. Ma la $tella di Mercurio co$i pa$-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14785 $a il cor$o $uo nel cielo, che correndo per gli $pacij de i $egni in giorni trecento$e$$anta
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14786 ritorna a quel $egno d'onde prima $i mo$$e. &amp; il $uo uiaggio co$i $i agguaglia, che cerca
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14787 trenta giorni in ogni $egno ha la ragione del numero $uo. Ma Venere quando &egrave; libera
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14788 dall'i npedimento de i raggi del Sole, in trenta giorni trapa$$a lo $pacio d'un $egno. quan-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14789 to meno in giorni quaranta in cia$cun $egno pati$ce; poi che hauer&agrave; fatto la $ua $tatione
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14790 re$titui$ce quella $omma di numero dimorando in un $egno. &amp; per&ograve; hauendo Venere mi-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14791 $urato lo intiero circuito del cielo in quattrocento &amp; ottantacinque giorni, torna di nuo-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14792 uo allo i$te$$o $egno, di doue cominci&ograve; il $uo uiaggio.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14793 <p><I>In que$ta parte Vitr. &egrave; difficile, non concorda con gli altri, &amp; for$e &egrave; $corretto il testo. Pli-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14794 nio che $uole pigliare le facciate intiere da Vitr. in que$ta parte &egrave; tutto diuer$o. Vitr. pone i pia-
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parents:
diff changeset
14795 neti nece$$itati tardare, gli $cioglie dalla nece$$it&agrave;, &amp; qua$i slegandoli uuole, che pareggino con
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parents:
diff changeset
14796 la uelocit&agrave; del cor$o quel uiaggio, che haurebbeno fatto, $e $empre fu$$e stato loro conce$$a la
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parents:
diff changeset
14797 libert&agrave; di caminare. n&egrave; ci dichiara (come $i conuiene) con approuate dimostrationi, donde na-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
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14798 $ce questa nece<02>it&agrave;, &amp; donde uegna la loro libert&agrave;: per&ograve; nece$$ario ci pare di darne alquanto di
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diff changeset
14799 lume con quelle co$e, che dopo Vitr. con belli fondamenti $ono $tate da gli $tudio$i delle co$e ritro-
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diff changeset
14800 uate. &amp; per&ograve; la nece<02>it&agrave; ci conduce a fare quello, che uoleuamo fuggire. Dichiareremo adunque
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diff changeset
14801 alcuni termini, che fanno al propo$ito nostro. &amp; $ono que$ti. Epiciclo, Deferente, Eccentrico, Con-
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diff changeset
14802 centrico, Giogo, opposto al Giogo, lunghezza media dello Eccentrico, lunghezza media dello
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parents:
diff changeset
14803 Epiciclo, Stato, Ritorno, Progre$$o, Argomento, Agguagliamento. Epiciclo adunque &egrave; quello,
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parents:
diff changeset
14804 che da Tolomeo $i chiama circolo della diuer$it&agrave;, che &egrave; una picciola $pera imaginata come aggiun
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parents:
diff changeset
14805 ta alla $pera maggiore, che co$i uuole dire la parola Greca; d'intorno la cui circonferenza uoglio
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parents:
diff changeset
14806 no gli Astronomi, che $i uolga il corpo del pianeta, il cui centro &egrave; nella circconferenza della $pe-
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parents:
diff changeset
14807 ra che porta il pianeta, ouero lo Epiciclo uer$o Oriente, detto Deferente, il qual deferente, non
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parents:
diff changeset
14808 ha lo iste$$o centro, col centro del mondo, &amp; per&ograve; egli $i chiama Eccentrico, cio&egrave; fuori del centro.
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diff changeset
14809 $i come $i chiama concentrico quel circolo, che ha lo iste$$o centro con quello del mondo. per&ograve; uo-
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diff changeset
14810 lendo noi nel piano formare lo Epiciclo, &amp; il Deferente: imaginiamo il centro. c. dal quale na-
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parents:
diff changeset
14811 $ce una linea, l'altro capo dellaquale $ia a, &amp; $ia lo a. centro dello Epiciclo. Faccia que-
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parents:
diff changeset
14812 $to capo. a. un giro perfetto, $tando fermo l'altro nel punto. c. dico che former&agrave; nel piano
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parents:
diff changeset
14813 una $uperficie, laquale $i fa per la circonferenza del Deferente. co$i forma il Sole la Eclittica,
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parents:
diff changeset
14814 che &egrave; come Deferente del Sole, dallaquale $ono di$tanti i Deferenti de gli altri pianeti, &amp; piega-
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parents:
diff changeset
14815 no da i lati. &amp; la iste$$a linea prolungata fin alla concaua $operficie del primo cielo, di$egna in
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parents:
diff changeset
14816 quella una circonferenza dello iste$$o nome. il centro dello Epiciclo &egrave; $empre nella circonferenza
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parents:
diff changeset
14817 del Deferente posto adunque un piede del compa$$o nel punto a. &amp; allargato l'altro fin che
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parents:
diff changeset
14818 tocchi ilcentro del pianeta. d. girando $i a torno $i far&agrave; lo Epiciclo. Stando adunque le gia
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parents:
diff changeset
14819 dette co$e, non &egrave; alcuno, che non ueda, che la circonferenza del Deferente, &amp; la circonferenza
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parents:
diff changeset
14820 dello Epiciclo non $iano d $egualmente distanti dal centro del mondo. f. Dapoi gli Astronomi
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parents:
diff changeset
14821 hanno trouato diuer$i uocaboli alle parti dello Epiciclo, $econdo le distanze loro dal centro del
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parents:
diff changeset
14822 mondo. uolendo con quelle dimo$trarci, come $i $alua la diuer$it&agrave; delle apparenze, la doue quel
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parents:
diff changeset
14823 punto, che &egrave; nella circonferenza del Deferente, o dello Epiciclo piu rimoto dal centro del mon-
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parents:
diff changeset
14824 do, chiamano auge, che uuol dire $ommit&agrave;; &amp; per&ograve; Cicerone lo chiama Iugum. &amp; quel punto, che
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parents:
diff changeset
14825 per diametro s'oppone al giogo, nominarono, l'oppo$to del giogo. Et perche al Sole non danno Epi
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parents:
diff changeset
14826 ciclo, ma Deferente, per&ograve; quel punto, che nel Deferente $ar&agrave; oppo$to al giogo, $imilmente $i chia-
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parents:
diff changeset
14827 mer&agrave;, l'oppo$ito del giogo. Giogo, cima, auge, ab$ides $ono parole d'una i$te$$a co$a. Lunghezza
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parents:
diff changeset
14828 media dello Eccentrico &egrave; la met&agrave; del Diametro. Lunghezza media dello Epiciclo &egrave; lo $pacio,</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14829 <pb n="375">
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parents:
diff changeset
14830 <I>che &egrave; da un centro all'altro. $i chiamano lunghezze medie ri$petto, che quel punto, che &egrave; rimo-
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parents:
diff changeset
14831 ti<02>imo dal centro del mondo, che $i chiama giogo, &egrave; detto anche lunghezza piu lontana, &amp; quel
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parents:
diff changeset
14832 lo, che &egrave; uicini<02>imo al detto centro, che chiamano opposto al giogo, &egrave; detto lunghezza piu ui-
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parents:
diff changeset
14833 cina dello Eccentrico, ouero dello Epiciclo. Que$ti due punti $ono termini d'una linea dritta,
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parents:
diff changeset
14834 che pa$$a per amendue i centri, laquale $i chiama linea del giogo: percioche &egrave; dimostratrice del
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parents:
diff changeset
14835 giogo. la onde $i come nello Eccentrico la maggior lontananza &egrave; tanto piu del $emidiametro del
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
14836 lo Eccentrico, quanto &egrave; lo $pacio, che &egrave; tra uno centro &amp; l'altro: co$i la minore &egrave; tanto meno del
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14837 $emidiametro, quanto quella &egrave; di piu: &amp; il $emidiametro &egrave; la lunghezza media. Similmente nello
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parents:
diff changeset
14838 Epiciclo la lunghezza maggiore $ar&agrave; tanto piu d'uno $pacio, che &egrave; tra uno centro, &amp; l'altro, quan
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parents:
diff changeset
14839 to &egrave; il $emidiametro dello Epiciclo: &amp; tanto dallo i$te$$o $pacio $ar&agrave; $uperata la minore. la onde
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parents:
diff changeset
14840 lo $pacio che $ar&agrave; tra l'uno centro, &amp; l'altro $ar&agrave; la di$tanza di mezo, che media lunghezza $i
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14841 chiama. percioche &egrave; molto ragioneuole, che la lunghezza media $ia tanto meno della maggiore,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14842 quanto e$$a &egrave; di piu della minore. Chi bene con$idera quello, che fin hora s'&egrave; detto, comprender&agrave;,
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parents:
diff changeset
14843 che tanto nello Eccentrico, quanto nello Epiciclo qualunque punto, quanto $i trouer&agrave; nella cir-
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parents:
diff changeset
14844 conferenza piu rimoto &amp; di$costo dalla lunghezza maggiore, tanto $ar&agrave; piu uicino al centro del
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parents:
diff changeset
14845 mondo: &amp; quelli punti, che $aranno egualmente di$tanti dal punto del giogo, $aranno anche egual
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parents:
diff changeset
14846 mente di$tanti dal centro del mondo. Da queste co$e $i ha tutta la diuer$it&agrave; del mouimento, che
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parents:
diff changeset
14847 ci appare, cio&egrave; con que$te de$crittioni $i $alua la diuer$it&agrave; di tutte le apparenze, &amp; per&ograve; molto
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parents:
diff changeset
14848 cautamente $i deono intendere questi uocaboli, perche $ono $tati ritrouati per dare ad intendere
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parents:
diff changeset
14849 le co$e del cielo a quel modo, che $i puo: perche non $i troua, n&egrave; Epiciclo, ne Giogo, n&egrave; Deferen-
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parents:
diff changeset
14850 te, n&egrave; altra co$a $imigliante nel mondo. Vediamo adunque come $i troua la diuer$it&agrave; de i mo-
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parents:
diff changeset
14851 uimenti. Ma prima poniamo la figura delle co$e dette.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14852 <fig>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
14853 <p><I>a b. &egrave; il deferente.</I>
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parents:
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14854 <p><I>c. il centro del deferente.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14855 <p><I>d e. lo epiciclo.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14856 <p><I>a. il centro dello epiciclo.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14857 <p><I>f. il centro del mondo.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14858 <p><I>a. il giogo del deferente.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14859 <p><I>b. l'oppo$to al giogo.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
14860 <p><I>d. il giogo dell'epiciclo.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14861 <p><I>Poniamo ca$o, che'l pianeta $i moua portato immediate dal
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parents:
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14862 $uo Epiciclo, benche egli $i moua egualmente $opra il $uo cen-
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parents:
diff changeset
14863 tro, on dimeno pare, che egli muti il $uo tenore $opra qualun-
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parents:
diff changeset
14864 que altro punto, che $ia nel cerchio, &amp; $imilmente $opra il cen
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parents:
diff changeset
14865 tro del mondo. Que$ta mutatione $i $alua per ragione di pro$pettiua, imperoche posto, che mol-
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parents:
diff changeset
14866 te co$e $i mouino con eguale uelocit&agrave;, pure quelle che $ono piu lontane da noi pareno men ueloci,
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parents:
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14867 che le piu uiciue. Et per&ograve; hauendo compre$o gli A$tronomi, che il Sole in diuer$i luoghi del Zo-
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parents:
diff changeset
14868 diaco, diuer$amente $i muoue, &amp; uolendo $aluare tanta diuer$it&agrave;, &amp; non uolendo attribuire ad
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parents:
diff changeset
14869 un corpo $i nobile tanta di$agguaglianza, $i hanno imaginato diuer$i cerchi, i centri de i quali
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parents:
diff changeset
14870 non fu$$ero gli i$te$$i, col centro del Mondo. Egli adunque adiuiene, che piu lenta ci appare una
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parents:
diff changeset
14871 $tella, e$$endo nel giogo, che lontana dal giogo, perche nel giogo &egrave; piu rimota. Ecci un'altro
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parents:
diff changeset
14872 modo di diuer$it&agrave; nel mouimento, perche $e il pianeta dallo epiciclo, &amp; lo epiciclo dal concentri
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parents:
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14873 co portato fu$$e, non per&ograve; $arebbe meno la diuer$it&agrave;, imperoche il pianeta portato dall'uno, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
14874 l' altro uer$o leuante, $enza dubbio andrebbe piu ueloce, che $e fu$$e portato dal concentrico $o-
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14875 lo, &amp; per lo epiciclo $e ne ste$$e, o $e ne torna$$e a dietro, percioche nel toccamento di quelle li-
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14876 nee, che $i parteno dal centro, &amp; uanno all'epiciclo, pare che la $tella, quanto al mouimento del
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diff changeset
14877 lo epiciclo, $i $tia, ma in una met&agrave; della circonferenza pare, che uada inanzi, &amp; nell'altra,</I>
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diff changeset
14878 <pb n="376">
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parents:
diff changeset
14879 <I>che torni in dietro. Ecco lo e$$empio. Imaginiamo, che uno cauallo corra intorno un cercbio.
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parents:
diff changeset
14880 grandi$$imo, &amp; l'huomo fuori, &amp; lontano dal cerchio ftia a guardare, certo &egrave; che quel cauallo
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parents:
diff changeset
14881 gli parer &agrave; hora tardo, hora ueloce, hora fermo, hora andar inanzi, hora tornar a dietro ben-
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parents:
diff changeset
14882 che egualmente egli $i muoua. Et que$to adiuiene per la natura del circolo, che &egrave; fatto di contra-
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parents:
diff changeset
14883 rij. Come dice Ari$totile nelle Mechaniche. Co$i il pianeta nell'arco di $opra il contatto di que-
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parents:
diff changeset
14884 $te<*>inee, parer&agrave; fermo a noi, che $tiamo al ba$$o, ma nel re$to della circonferenza nel luogo op-
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parents:
diff changeset
14885 po$to al giogo ci parer&agrave; ueloci$$imo, &amp; $imilmente nel giogo al piu lento. Ma nello arco di $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
14886 pra dello epiciclo dapoi il contatto delle linee, i luminari $ono portati da leuante a ponente, ma
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parents:
diff changeset
14887 nell'arco inferiore $ono portati col deferente: Ma gli altri pianeti $ono portati con mouimento con
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parents:
diff changeset
14888 trario, dalche adiuiene, che il mouimento del pianeta &egrave; composto di due mouimenti, l'uno &egrave; del
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parents:
diff changeset
14889 lo epiciclo, l'altro del diferente, come $e uno fu$$e da una galera portato inanzi, &amp; egli in quel
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parents:
diff changeset
14890 mezo anda$$e a torno i fori, la doue $e l'uno, &amp; l'altro mouimento $ar&agrave; uer$o leuante allhora e$-
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parents:
diff changeset
14891 $endo il pianeta da due mouimenti portato, piu uelocemente $i mouer&agrave;, come $e uno da una gale-
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parents:
diff changeset
14892 ra portato inanzi, egli $imilmente anda$$e da poppa a prora. Ma $e'l pianeta ander&agrave; con moui-
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parents:
diff changeset
14893 menti contrarij, $e quelli $aranno eguali, cio&egrave; che tanto per uno anda$$e inanzi, quanto per l'al-
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parents:
diff changeset
14894 tro anda$$e in dietro, parer&agrave;, che egli $tia: come $e uno camina$$e tanto uer$o la poppa, quanto
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parents:
diff changeset
14895 dalla galera fu$$e inanzi portato. Ma $e $aranno di$eguali uincer&agrave; il piu ueloce: per&ograve; $e il moui-
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parents:
diff changeset
14896 mento del deferente $ar&agrave; piu gagliardo, che il mouimento dello epiciclo, il pianeta ander&agrave; uer$o
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parents:
diff changeset
14897 Leuante: ma $e $ar&agrave; il contrario, il pianeta ander&agrave; uer$o ponente, &amp; a questo modo $ar&agrave; retro-
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parents:
diff changeset
14898 grado: come $e uno torna$$e in dietro meno di quello, che &egrave; portato inanzi dalla galera, parer&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
14899 pure, che egli uadi inanzi, ma $e piu $i contraporr&agrave;, parer&agrave;, che ritorni, &amp; per&ograve; lo $tare, &amp; il
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parents:
diff changeset
14900 regre$$o, auuiene alli cinque pianetinello arco inferiore dello epiciclo, percioche in que luoghi $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
14901 no dallo epiciclo portati contra il mouimento del deferente. Et auuiene, che in alcuni luoghi il
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parents:
diff changeset
14902 mouimento dello epiciclo $ia pari, &amp; in alcuni piu ueloce del mouimento del deferente. Ma al
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parents:
diff changeset
14903 Sole, &amp; alla Luna, lo $tato auuenirebbe nello arco di $opra dello epiciclo, perche in quel luo-
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parents:
diff changeset
14904 go lo epiciclo ua contra il deferente, ma perche non lo uince, n&egrave; gli &egrave; pare, per&ograve; al Sole, &amp; alla
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parents:
diff changeset
14905 Luna non $ida $tato n&egrave;regre$$o, come accenna Vitr. Daremo adunque al Sole ouero il deferente
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parents:
diff changeset
14906 eccentrico $olamente, ouero lo epiciclo col concentrico: imperoche $e il Sole nella circonferenza
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parents:
diff changeset
14907 di $opra dello epiciclo &egrave; portato da leuante a ponente, &amp; che il mouimento dello epiciclo $ia tan-
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parents:
diff changeset
14908 to $imile al mouimento dello eccentrico, quanto del concentrico, come &egrave; dallo $patio de i centri,
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parents:
diff changeset
14909 al $emidiametro dello epiciclo, in qual $i uoglia modi di due, ne ha da $eguire la i$te$$a apparenza
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parents:
diff changeset
14910 del mouimento. Ma perche il modo dello eccentrico $i contenta di un $olo mouimento, per&ograve; &egrave;sta-
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parents:
diff changeset
14911 to preferito, &amp; eletto piu presto, che il modo dello epiciclo. Ma come $ia $tata cono$ciuta la di
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parents:
diff changeset
14912 stanza de i centri, &amp; il luogo del giogo dir&ograve; breuemente. Quattro punti principali $ono con$ide
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parents:
diff changeset
14913 rati nel zodiaco, due $ono stati attribuiti a gli equinottij, due a i $olstitij, che $ono di mezo tra
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parents:
diff changeset
14914 gli equinottij. dalla con$ideratione de gli $patij, &amp; de i mouimenti come de i tempi, &egrave; stata cono-
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parents:
diff changeset
14915 $ciuta la distanza de i centri, &amp; il luogo del giogo. Ecco imaginiamoci due linee una, che $i par
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parents:
diff changeset
14916 ga dal centro del deferente del Sole, che peruenga al centro del Sole, l'altra egualmente distante,
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parents:
diff changeset
14917 dal centro del mondo fin al zodiaco, che &egrave; la linea del mezano mouimento, certo &egrave; che mentre
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parents:
diff changeset
14918 queste linee $aranno intorno girate, $erueranno uno iste$$o tenore, perche la linea del uero moui
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parents:
diff changeset
14919 mento &egrave; quella, che trapa$$a dal centro del mondo, per lo centro del Sole, &amp; peruiene fin al zo-
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parents:
diff changeset
14920 diaco. &amp; quell'arco, che &egrave; tra la linea del uero, &amp; la linea del mezano mouimento, &egrave; detto
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14921 l'agguaglianza del Sole. &amp; nel giogo, &amp; nello opposto al giogo &egrave; nullo perche le due linee concor</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14922 <p><I>a b g. il concentrico d. il $uo centro.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14923 <p><I>e z h. lo eccentrico t. il $uo centro.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14924 <p>k <I>z. lo epiciclo b. il $uo centro.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14925 <p><I>d t. b z. eguali.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14926 <p><I>t z. d b. eguali.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14927 <pb n="377">
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parents:
diff changeset
14928 <p><I>d z. parallelo grammo.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14929 <p><I>Il mouimento del</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14930 <p><I>Concentrico. b d a.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14931 <p><I>Epiciclo. k h z.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
14932 <p><I>Eccentrico. z t e.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
14933 <p><I>angoli eguali.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14934 <p><I>Il $ole $i uede all'uno, &amp; all'altro modo nel punto z. per
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14935 la linea d z.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
14936 <fig>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
14937 <p><I>reno in una. Ma nelle lunghezze mezane proportionalmen-
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parents:
diff changeset
14938 <*>e &egrave; grandi$$imo, &amp; ne i punti dal giogo egualmente distanti
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14939 $ono gli agguagliamenti eguali, &amp; tanto maggiori, quanto
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parents:
diff changeset
14940 $ono piu uicini alla lunghezza piu lunga. Il mezano moui-
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parents:
diff changeset
14941 mento adunque dal principio dello Ariete, $econdo l'ordine
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parents:
diff changeset
14942 de i $egni, $e ne ua fin alla linea del mezano mouimento, $i
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parents:
diff changeset
14943 come il uero mouimento &egrave; fin alla linea del uero mouimen-
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parents:
diff changeset
14944 to: d'indi cominciando $i conduce: la doue lo argomento del Sole, o quello arco del zo-
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parents:
diff changeset
14945 diaco, che &egrave; intercetto dalla linea del giogo dello eccentrico $econdo l'ordine de i $egni, &amp; la li-
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parents:
diff changeset
14946 nea del mezano mouimento; &amp; &egrave; co$i chiamato, perche da quello $i argomenta l'angulo dello ag
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parents:
diff changeset
14947 guagliamento, il che quando &egrave; nel $emicircolo inferiore, la linea del mezano mouimento, ua
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parents:
diff changeset
14948 inanzi la linea del uero: ma quando pa$$a il $emicircolo, allhora precede la linea del mezano mo
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parents:
diff changeset
14949 uimento. &amp; per&ograve; di $opra $i $ottragge, &amp; qui $i aggiugne al mezano mouimento, accioche $i
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parents:
diff changeset
14950 po$$a cauare il uero mouimento. ma per hora la$cier&ograve;, che il lettore ricorra al Maurolico, che
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parents:
diff changeset
14951 pur troppo mi pare hauere l'altrui opra operato, bi$ogna bene auuertire di porre in qualche prin
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parents:
diff changeset
14952 cipio la radice del mezano mouimento, $opra la quale egli $i po$$a in quello in$tante, che uole-</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14953 <p><I>a b g. lo eccentrico d. il $uo centro.</I>
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parents:
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14954 <p><I>e. il centro del mondo.</I>
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parents:
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14955 <p><I>a d g. la linea del giogo.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14956 <p><I>b. il centro del $ole.</I>
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14957 <p><I>e z. la linea del mezano mouimento parallela alla li-
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diff changeset
14958 nea b d.</I>
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diff changeset
14959 <p><I>e h. la linea del uero mouimento.</I>
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diff changeset
14960 <p><I>b e z. angolo &egrave; l'equatione.</I>
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diff changeset
14961 <fig>
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diff changeset
14962 <p><I>mo calculare il mezano mouimento del $ole. Da que$ta
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diff changeset
14963 radice $i ua o$$eruando il uero mouimento, $econdo la $cien
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diff changeset
14964 za de i triangoli piani. Imperoche da tre linee, che lega
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14965 no tre centri cio&egrave; quello del mondo, quello del deferente,
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diff changeset
14966 &amp; quello del $ole tre angoli $i uedeno nel triangolo da e$$er</I>
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diff changeset
14967 <p><I>a b g. il concentrico d. il $uo centro.</I>
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diff changeset
14968 <p><I>t z. lo eccentrico h. il $uo centro.</I>
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diff changeset
14969 <p><I>e z. lo epiciclo g. il $uo centro.</I>
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diff changeset
14970 <p><I>d h. &amp; g z. eguali.</I>
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diff changeset
14971 <p><I>d z. parallelogrammo.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14972 <p><I>Il mouimento.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14973 <p><I>del concentrico a d g.</I>
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diff changeset
14974 <p><I>del epiciclo. e g z.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14975 <p><I>dello eccentrico t h z. ouero t d g.</I>
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diff changeset
14976 <p><I>del giogo dello eccentrico a d z.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14977 <p><I>Gli angoli t h z. &amp; e g z. $ono eguali.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14978 <p><I>L'angolo a d g. eguale a gli angoli.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14979 <p><I>a d t.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14980 <p><I>t d g.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
14981 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
14982 <p><I>formato, l'uno &egrave; l'angolo dello agguagliamento, gli altri due $ono quelli, che formano le due li-</I>
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diff changeset
14983 <pb n="378">
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parents:
diff changeset
14984 <I>nee, l'una del uero, l'altra del mezano mouimento con la line a del giogo: &amp; e$$endocl manife$ta
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diff changeset
14985 quella proportione, che hanno tra $e due lati di que$to triangolo, l'uno de quali &egrave; il $emidiametro
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diff changeset
14986 dello eccentrico, &amp; l'altro quello $patio, che e$ce dal centro, egli adiuiene, che propo$toci uno
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14987 qual $i uoglia de i triangoli $ar anno manife$ti anche gli altri. Per il che concludemo, che o datoci
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parents:
diff changeset
14988 il mezano mouimento, o il uero, o l'agguagliamento cia$cuno da $e, quanto prima uno di quelli
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parents:
diff changeset
14989 ci $ar&agrave; manife$to, egli $i potr&agrave; cono$cere anche i due. Tutte que$te co$e $ono co$i de$critte per $al
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parents:
diff changeset
14990 uar le apparenze, la irregolarit&agrave; del mouimento del Sole d'mtorno al centro del mondo, &amp; per
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
14991 istabilire un certo, &amp; determinato conto dello iste$$o mouimento, come per la figura $i dimostra
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
14992 $egnata O. Poi che hauemo detto del Sole; $eguita, che $i con$ideri il mouimento della Luna, &amp;
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diff changeset
14993 $ua diuer$it&agrave;, &amp; uero luogo. Dico adunque, che il uero luogo della Luna $i fa manife$to per lo
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14994 ecli$$e di quella. Imperoche chi bene auuerti$ce al principio, &amp; al fine dello ecli$$e, egli $iha
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14995 lo in$tante del mezo, nel quale la Luna &egrave; giu$tamente per diametro oppo$ta al Sole. La doue e$$en
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14996 doci noto per le co$e gia dimo$trate il luogo del Sole, non ha dubbio, che non $iamo per $apere il
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14997 luogo della Luna: &amp; que$ta &egrave; la piu $icura uia, che $ia. Ma la diuer$it&agrave; del $uo mouimento &egrave; $ta-
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14998 ta o$$eruata, poi che s'hebbe ueduto, che nello i$te$$o luogo del zodiaco la Luna non era $empre
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14999 ueloce ad un modo, &amp; che in diuer$i modi era riferita al Sole: &amp; per&ograve; diedero la prima diuer$i-
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diff changeset
15000 t&agrave; allo epiciclo, &amp; l'altra allo eccentrico. Quattro punti $ono nello epiciclo, in uno la Luna &egrave; ue
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15001 loci$$ima; percioche il deferente concorre con lo epiciclo ad una i$te$$a parte: ma nello oppo$to &egrave;
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15002 tardi$$ima, percioche lo epiciclo molto repugna al deferente. Ma ne i due punti di mezo la Lu-
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15003 na $i moue temperatamente. Que$ti quattro punti co$i parti$ceno lo epiciclo, che nella prima par
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15004 te il mouimento &egrave; ueloci$$imo, nell'altramediocremente $i rallenta, nella terza &egrave; tardi$$imo, nel-
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15005 la quarta mediocremente $i appre$ta. Da que$ta diuer$it&agrave; $i ha compre$o da quali parti dello epi
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15006 ciclo la Luna $i muoua, &amp; in quanto $patio di tempo $i raggira d'intorno lo epiciclo. &amp; per haue-
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15007 re piu preci$amente que$to tempo, gli $peculatori ele$$ero due eccli$$i della Luna, ne i quali la Lu-
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parents:
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15008 na $imilmente, &amp; con egualit&agrave; $i moue$$e, $eruando nell'uno, &amp; nell'altro ecli$$e la mede$ima
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parents:
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15009 diuer$it&agrave; del mouimento, di modo, che fu$$ero certi, che la Luna fu$$e nello i$te$$o luogo dello epi
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parents:
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15010 ciclo. Da que$ta o$$eruanza $ono $tati certificati, che nello $patio di due ecli$$i la Luna haueua
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parents:
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15011 fornito il numero delle $ue intiere riuolutioni: percioche era ritornata a quello i$te$$o luogo del-
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parents:
diff changeset
15012 lo epiciclo, &amp; final<*>ente haueua perfetto il numero de i me$i Lunari, e$$endo tornata al luogo
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parents:
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15013 oppo$to del Sole. Allhora adunque haueremo cono$ciuto il numero delle riuolutioni dello epici-
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parents:
diff changeset
15014 clo, quando ci $ar&agrave; manife$to lo $patio di una riuolutione: auenga che non co$i preci$amente. n&egrave;
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15015 per que$to anche ci puo e$$ere a$co$o il numero de i me$i Lunari, ogni fiata, che potre-
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parents:
diff changeset
15016 mo hauere il numero della uolta, &amp; della piena della Luna. &amp; per lo $patio del tem-
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parents:
diff changeset
15017 po tra un'ecli$$e, &amp; l'altro partito nel numero de i me$i Lunari haueremo la quanti-
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parents:
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15018 t&agrave; del me$e Lunare. &amp; perche nel detto me$e la Luna compie una riuolutione della lunghezza
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parents:
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15019 &amp; ui aggiugne tanto di$patio, quanto in quello i$te$$o me$e il Sole $i moue: per&ograve; tutto quel circo
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parents:
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15020 lo intiero con il detto mouimento del Sole partito nel numero de i giorni del me$e lunare con' i $uoi
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15021 minuti, ci dar&agrave; ad intendere quanto $ia il diurno mouimento della Luna. Ouero per $apere lo
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15022 iste$$o mouimento diurno della Luna $i puo al numero delle riuolutioni fatte nel detto $patio di due
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15023 ecli$$i aggiugnere il mouimento del Sole fatto nel detto $patio, &amp; raccogliere tutto il mouimento
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15024 della Luna fatto in quello $patio, &amp; partirlo nel numero de i giorni di quello $patio. Et di piu lo
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parents:
diff changeset
15025 intiero circolo partito nel numero de i giorni Lunari, &amp; de i minuti $imilmente il numero de i gra-
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parents:
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15026 di delle riuolutioni del predetto $patio partito nel numero de i giorni dello i$te$$o $patio, ci fa ma-
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parents:
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15027 ni$e$to quanto per ogni giorno la Luna $i diparta dal Sole, che tanto uuol dire, quanto il moui
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15028 mento d'un giorno della Luna, &egrave; di piu del mouimento del Sole. N&egrave; altrimenti il numero delle
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15029 riuolutioni della Luna nello epiciclo conuertito in gradi, &amp; partito nel numero de i gradi dello in
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15030 teruallo, ci far&agrave; cono$cer, quanto $i muoue nello epiciclo ogni d&igrave; la Luna. In que$to mo-
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parents:
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15031 do $i comprende il mouimento della lunghezza e$$er'ogni giorno di gradi 15. minuti 10. $e-</I>
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15032 <pb n="379">
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15033 <I>onde 15. Et il mouimento dello epiciclo e$$ere gradi 3. minuti 3. $econde 54. Lungo $areb-
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parents:
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15034 be a ricapitular tutto quello, che nella $peculatione della Luna $i puo dire. Per&ograve; riportando$i a gli
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parents:
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15035 $crittori, pa$$aremo a gli altri pianeti, &amp; prima a i due $ottopo$ti al Sole, cio&egrave; a Mercurio, &amp; a Ve
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15036 nere. Dico adunque, che gli A$tronomi hanno auuertito questi due pianeti partir$i dal Sole, &amp;
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15037 allontanar$i fino a certi termini dall'una parte, &amp; dall'altra, &amp; nel mezo del loro andare,
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15038 &amp; del loro ritorno congiugner$i con il Sole, ma quando erano da i lati del Sole, nelle loro $tationi
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15039 ritrouar$i di$co$ti$$imi dal Sole, &amp; per&ograve; conclu$ero, che $imil progre$$o, &amp; regre$$o, $i doueua
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15040 $aluare con lo epiciclo dimodo, che lo centro dello epiciclo col Sole a torno $i moue$$e, &amp; che
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15041 l'uno, &amp; l'altro pianeta dal Sole $i allontana$$e tanto, quanto daua loro la lunghezza dello epi-
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15042 ciclo: ma perche raccogliendo in$ieme, due contrarie, &amp; grandi$$ime di$tanze de i detti pianeti
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15043 dal Sole, trouarono come non in ogni luogo $i $eruaua la i$te$$a quantit&agrave;, &amp; che quella $omma non
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15044 poteua cre$cere, $e non per lo acco$tar$i dello epiciclo, n&egrave; $cemare, $e non per appartamento del
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15045 lo epiciclo, per lo quale lo epiciclo hora $i acco$ta$$e, hora $i allontana$$e dal centro del Mondo.
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15046 Per&ograve; conce$$ero a i due pianeti inferiori, &amp; lo eccentrico, &amp; lo epiciclo. con que$ta conditione,
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15047 che lo eccentrico $empre porta$$e lo epiciclo a torno col Sole, &amp; quello<*> i$te$$o fu$$e mezano moui
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15048 mento del Sole; &amp; del pianeta, &amp; lo epiciclo porta$$e il pianeta di qua, &amp; di la rimouendo dal
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diff changeset
15049 Sole, &amp; molto bene quadra$$e, per $aluare i regre$$i, &amp; i mouimenti delle larghezze. Hora per
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15050 $apere, in che modo $i habbia la quantit&agrave; del mouimento io dico, che bi$ogna o$$eruare il luogo
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15051 del pianeta nel punto del zodiaco, &amp; a$pettare tanto, che di nuouo il pianeta ritorni allo i$te$$o
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15052 luogo, con que$ta conditione, che egli $ia in di$tanza eguale dal luogo di mezo del Sole nell'uno,
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15053 &amp; l'altro luogo. Percioche allhora il pianeta hauer&agrave; fornito le intiere riuolutioni dell'uno, &amp;
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15054 l'altro mouimento prima nello eccentrico, perche il punto dello epiciclo $ar&agrave; ritornato allo i$te$$o
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15055 punto, poi nello epiciclo, perche tornato il pianeta alla di$tanza i$te$$a del Sole, hauer&agrave; anche ri-
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15056 trouato lo i$te$$o punto dello epiciclo. Per que$te o$$eruationi $i hauer&agrave; il tempo tra$cor$o, &amp; il
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15057 numero delle riuolutioni: imperochene i tre pianeti di $opra, quante $aranno $tate le riuolutioni
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15058 dello epiciclo, &amp; le riuolutioni dello eccentrico, ponendo in$ieme il numero di que$te, &amp; di quel-
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15059 le, tanto nello $te$$o tempo $aranno $tate le riuolutioni del Sole. ma ne i due mferiori il numero
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15060 delle riuolutioni dello eccentrico, &egrave; lo i$te$$o, col numero delle riuolutioni del Sole. nello i$te$$o
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15061 tempo $imilmente il numero delle riuolutioni $ar&agrave; dello epiciclo, cono$ciuto, $ubito che $ar&agrave; da
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15062 noi appre$$o il uero cono$ciuto il tempo d'una riuolutione. La onde il numero delle riuolutioni
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15063 moltiplicato per trecento, &amp; $e$$anta produrr&agrave; gradi, &amp; il numero de i gradi partito per
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15064 lo numero de i giorni dello $patio delle fatte o$$eruationi, ci dar&agrave; quantit&agrave; del mouimen-
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15065 to diurno. Ma che ordine ne i progre$$i, &amp; ne i ritorni, &amp; quale nece$$it&agrave; loro $ia, di-
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parents:
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15066 r&ograve; breuemente, auuertendo prima, che la diuer$it&agrave;, o contrariet&agrave; di que$ta apparenza
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parents:
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15067 con uno di due modi $i puo $aluare: o che $i dia al pianeta $olo il deferente eccentrico, ouero lo
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15068 epiciclo col deferente concentrico: cio&egrave; che a quel modo, che in cia$cuno de i tre pianeti $uperio-
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parents:
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15069 ri, raccolti in$ieme i mouimenti dello epiciclo del concentrico, &amp; del pianeta nello epiciclo, $ie-
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parents:
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15070 no eguali al mezano mouimento del Sole, ma il centro dello ecceatrico $i muoua in$ieme col Sole
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parents:
diff changeset
15071 $econdo l'ordine de i $egni, &amp; il pianeta $i muoua con quella uelocit&agrave; con la quale $i muoue lo epi-
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15072 ciclo nel concentrico, in modo, che quella linea, che uiene dal centro, che &egrave; parallela a quella li
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15073 nea, che &egrave; tirata dal centro dello eccentrico al centro del pianeta, termini il mezano mouimento
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15074 del pianeta, &amp; que$to $i o$$erua ne i tre $uperiori. Ma ne i due inferiori ponga$i il mouimen-
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parents:
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15075 to dello epiciclo nel concentrico eguale al mezano mouimento del Sole: ma il mouimento del pia-
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15076 neta nello epiciclo, &amp; il mouimento del centro dello eccentrico $ia eguale alla $omma raccolta dal
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parents:
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15077 mezo mouimento del Sole, &amp; da quel mouimento, che fa il pianeta nello epiciclo: &amp; il pianeta
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parents:
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15078 $imilmente $i muoua con la i$te$$a uelocit&agrave;, con la quale $i muoue lo epiciclo nel concentrico, con
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parents:
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15079 la i$te$$a conditione $opradetta, cio&egrave; in modo, che quella linea, che uiene dal centro, che &egrave; paral
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parents:
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15080 lela alla linea tirata dal centro dello eccentrico al centro del pianeta, termini il mez ano moui-</I>
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parents:
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15081 <foot><I>DDD</I></foot>
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parents:
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15082 <pb n="380">
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parents:
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15083 <I>mento del pianeta. Et anche aggiuntaui que$ta conditione in quanto a tutti, che i diametri dello
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parents:
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15084 eccentrico, &amp; del conceutrico, $iano proportionati al $emidiametro dello epiciclo. &amp; alla u$cita
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15085 del centro, &amp; co$i all'uno, &amp; all'altro modo nelle $telle erranti $i potria difendere la ragione del
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parents:
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15086 progre$$o, &amp; del regre$$o quanto alla diuer$it&agrave;, &amp; uariet&agrave;. Ma come per lunga i$perienza gli
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parents:
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15087 o$$eruatori delle $telle hanno compre$o questa prima diuer$ir&agrave; uariar$i da una $econda diuer$it&agrave;,
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parents:
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15088 per&ograve; fu nece$$ario dare la prima diuer$it&agrave; allo epiciclo, &amp; difendere la $econda col Deferente.
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parents:
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15089 Ma quella $ola co$a era a$$ai ba$teuole a fare, che i Deferenti di tutti i pianeti non face$$ero uno
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parents:
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15090 i$te$$o centro, cio&egrave; la $ingularit&agrave; del mouimento, perche i concentrici communic ano il mouimen-
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15091 to il $uperiore allo inferiore. Ma questa communicatione non &egrave; $tata auuertita ne i proprij mo-
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15092 uimenti de i pianeti, per&ograve; non &egrave; $tato po$$ibile di dare loro i concentrici.</I>
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15093 <fig>
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15094 <p><I>h K. lo epiciclo b. il $uo centro.</I>
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15095 <p><I>h. il $uo giogo. n. l'oppo$to.</I>
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parents:
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15096 <p><I>K. il punto della prima dimora.</I>
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15097 <p><I>c. il centro del Mondo.</I>
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15098 <p><I>o. il punto della $econda dimora.</I>
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15099 <p><I>h l K. l'arco della prima dimora.</I>
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15100 <p><I>h K o. l'arco della $econda dimora.</I>
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parents:
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15101 <p><I>K n o. l'arco del regre$$o.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15102 <p><I>o h K. l'arco della direttione.</I>
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parents:
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15103 <p><I>Ma accioche egli s'intenda a quali pianeti $i dia il progre$$o, dir&ograve;, che
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15104 douemo imaginare due linee dritte tirate dal centro, l'una, che termini nelle
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15105 parti orientali dello epiciclo, l'altra nelle occidentali. A que$to modo quan
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parents:
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15106 to al mouimento del pianeta nello epiciclo $olamente, la $tella, che ander&agrave;
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parents:
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15107 per l'arco di $opra i due punti del toccamento delle dette linee, $i dir&agrave; andar
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parents:
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15108 inanzi, &amp; far progre$$o. Perche ella in quel luogo $ar&agrave; portata uer$o l'orien
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parents:
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15109 te? ma nello arco inferiore $i dir&agrave; retrograda, o far regre$$o, perche ritorne
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parents:
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15110 r&agrave; mouendo$i alla contraria parte: ma $tando ne i predetti punti, $i dir&agrave;, che
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15111 dimori, &amp; stia: perche nel punto orientale di dritta $i far&agrave; retrograda, &amp;
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15112 nello occidentale di retrograda $i far&agrave; dritta. Benche que$te co$e per lo contrario $ono con$idera
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parents:
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15113 te nel Sole, &amp; nella Luna. La qual ragione $arebbe a ba$tanza cerca il regre$$o, &amp; progre$$o,
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15114 $e il pianeta non $i troua$$e con altro mouimento, che col mouimento dello epiciclo. Ma perche
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15115 mentre il pianeta $i riuolge nello epiciclo, anche lo epiciclo dallo eccentrico &egrave; portato, per&ograve; che
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15116 appre$$o i detti punti del toccamento il pianeta, benche quanto al riuolgimento dello epiciclo $ia
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15117 in dimora, niente di meno &egrave; portato dallo eccentrico uer$o oriente, &amp; co$i anchora &egrave; diretto: &amp;
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15118 per&ograve; &egrave; nece$$ario, che i punti delle dimore $iano alquanto inferiori a quelli punti, che le predette
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15119 linee fanno nel toccamento, le quali noi dicemmo partir$i dal centro: &amp; co$i quelle linee non toc
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15120 cando, ma tagliando, &amp; partendo lo epiciclo ne i loro tagli fanno i punti della dimora. Et per&ograve;
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15121 egli &egrave; nece$$ario, che quelli punti $iano in quella parte della circonferenza dello epiciclo, done il
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15122 mouimento retrogrado al pianeta nello epiciclo co$i contra$ta col mouimento del Deferente, che
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15123 quanto il pianeta &egrave; portato all'occidente dallo epiciclo tanto lo epiciclo $ia ritornato dal Deferen
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15124 te uer$o l'Oriente. Et a que$to modo il pianeta portato da eguali ma contrarij mouimenti, pare,
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15125 che egli $accia dimora: Et per&ograve; il pianeta nel punto dello stato orientale, che &egrave; detto prima dimo
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15126 ra, comincia a ritornare; imperoche in quel luogo il mouimento del pianeta nello epiciclo comin-
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15127 cia auanzare il mouimento dello epiciclo nel Deferente. ma nel punto della dimora occidentale,
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15128 che $i chiama $econda dimora il pianeta ritorna allo andar auanti, &amp; al progre$$o, percioche il
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15129 mouimento del pianeta, nello epiciclo $i rallenta. Et queste co$e dalla figura $ono manifeste.</I>
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15130 <pb n="381">
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15131 <p>Ma la $tella di Marte uagando $eicento, &amp; ottanta tre giorni per gli $patij de i $egni per
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15132 uiene la doue cominciando da prima haucua fatto il $uo cor$o. Et in que $egni, che piu
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diff changeset
15133 uclocemente tra$corre, poi che hauer&agrave; fatto la $ua dimora, riempie la ragione del nume-
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15134 ro de i giorni. Ma la $tella di Gioue a$cendendo con piu moderati gradi contra il cor$o
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15135 del Mondo, mi$ura ogni $egno qua$i in trecento, &amp; $e$$anta cinque giorni, &amp; $ta per an-
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15136 ni undici, &amp; giorni trecento, &amp; $e$$anta tre, &amp; ritorna in quel $egno, nel quale dodici an
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15137 ni prima $i trouaua. Saturno ueramente per me$i uentinoue, &amp; alquanti giorni di piu pa$
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15138 $ando per un $egno in uentinoue anni, &amp; qua$i cento &amp; $e$$anta giorni uiene re$tituito in
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15139 quel $egno, di doue trent'anni prima $i mo$$e: &amp; d'indi na$ce, che quanto egli &egrave; men lon-
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15140 tano dall'ultimo cielo, tanto piu $patio di circoito $acendo, appare piu lento de gli altri.
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15141 <p><I>Quanto dice Vitr. &egrave; manifesto, dalle $ue i$te$$e parole: ma come s'intenda da noi quello, che
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15142 egli ha detto, per le $oprapo$te $peculationi $i cono$ce.</I>
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15143 <p>Ma quelli pianeti, iquali $opra il cor$o del Sole fanno i giri loro $pecialmente quando
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15144 $aranno in quel triangolo, nel quale $ar&agrave; il Sole, allhora non uanno inanzi, ma douendo
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15145 ritornare dimorano $in tanto, che il Sole partendo da quello pa$$er&agrave; in altro $egno.
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15146 <p><I>Pare che Vitr. tratti in que$to luogo de gli a$petti, &amp; delle occultationi delle $telle, ragionan
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15147 do de i progre$$i, &amp; delle dimore, &amp; ne rende le cau$e a modo $uo; &amp; rifiuta le altrui opinioni.
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15148 Ma noi $econdo la propo$ta intentione diremo delle apparenze, &amp; de gli a$petti, orti, &amp; occa$i,
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15149 acco$tandoci al dotto Maurolico. Con$ideramo adunque il Sole in quattro luoghi principali ter-
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15150 minati dall'Orizonte, &amp; dal meridiano, il primo in Oriente, il $econdo nel mezo del cielo di $o-
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15151 pra, il terzo in Occidente, l'ultimo nel mezo del cielo di $otto. stando adunque il Sole in uno di
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15152 questi quattro punti, $e egli star&agrave; in Oriente, &amp; anche la $tella $ar&agrave; in Oriente, chiameremo quel-
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15153 lo $tato mattutino; $e al mezo d&igrave;, Meridiano; $e all'occidente, Ve$pertino; $e alla meza notte, in-
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15154 tempe$to, per u$are il nome de i Latini. A que$to modo cia$cuno $ito de i quattro della $tella in
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15155 quattro modi $i riferir&agrave; al Sole. La doue $edici $aranno le habitudini delle stelle al Sole. Di quel-
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15156 le habitudini la meridiana &egrave;, ma non $i uede: imperoche la pre$entia del Sole debilita lo a$petto,
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15157 &amp; per&ograve; uera non apparente $i chiama. ma il ri$petto della meza notte &egrave;, &amp; $i uede $empre ec-
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15158 cetto quando $otterra la $tella &egrave; nel mezo del cielo. E dico, &amp; $i uede, perche di notte ogni $tel-
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15159 la $i puo uedere nell'Orizonte, ouero $opra la terra. &amp; per&ograve; &amp; uera, &amp; apparente la chiamere-
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15160 mo. Finalmente l'habitudine mattutina, o Ve$pertina della $tella $opra la terra, o nell'Orizon-
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15161 te &egrave;, ma non $i uede, perche il raggio del Sole, che sta nell'Orizonte, ce la toglie. potr&agrave; ben e$$ere,
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15162 che la $i ueda, $e il Sole $ar&agrave; tanto $otto l'Orizonte, che la $ua luce indebolita, o non tanto ga-
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15163 gliarda, ceda, ouero allhora cominci, o ce$$i di cedere al raggio delle $telle. in quel ca$o l'habitu-
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15164 dine delle $telle &egrave; chiamata apparente o prima, o poi del na$cimento mattutino. l'orto adunque
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15165 mattutino della $tella, che prima appare, &egrave; delto apparenza, ui$ta, o irradiatione prima mattuti
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15166 na. &amp; l'ultimo, pur mattutino, &egrave; chiamato apparenza, ui$ta, o irradiatione ultima mattuti-
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15167 na. $imilmente l'occa$o ue$pertino, che prima ci appare, $ar&agrave; detto apparenza, ui$ta, o irra-
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15168 diatione prima ue$pertina, &amp; l'ultimo, ultima apparenza, ui$ta, o irradiatione ue$perti
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15169 na. Chiaman$i orti, &amp; occa$i delle $telle ri$petto, che $i cominciano a uedere, o non ue-
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15170 dere, apparere, &amp; occultar$i u$cendo ouero entrando ne i raggi del Sole. Hora dir&ograve; a qua-
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parents:
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15171 li $telle occorreno $imili effetti di apparenze: imperoche altrimenti auuengono a quelle, che
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15172 $ono piu tarde, altrimenti a quelle, che $ono piu ueloci del Sole. Le $telle fi$$e adunque, &amp; i tre
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15173 $uperiori, perche $ono $opra del Sole, poco prima dell'occa$o uero ue$pertino mancano dopo il
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15174 Sole, &amp; $i po$$ono uedere. ma dapoi auicinando$i il Sole, a quelle uer$o l'Oriente, perche il Sole
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15175 &egrave; piu ueloce, fanno nell'Orizonte occidentale l'ultima apparenza ue$pertina. ouero $i a$condeno,
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15176 fin che dopo l'orto uero mattutino, partendo$i il Sole uer$o l'Oriente facciano nell'Orizonte a Le-
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15177 uante la prima apparenza mattutina. Ma la Luna, per qualche $pacio auanti il na$cimento mat-
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15178 tutino, $i puo uedere prima, che leui il Sole, ma auuicinando$i al Sole uer$o Leuante e$$endo ella</I>
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15179 <foot><I>DDD</I> 2</foot>
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15180 <pb n="382">
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15181 <I>piu ueloce fa l'ultima apparenza mattutina a Leuante, &amp; $i leua dallo a$petto no$tro, finche d<*>-
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15182 po il uero occa$o ue$pertino, la$ciando il Sole, faccia a Ponente la prima apparenza ue$pertina.
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15183 Ma Venere, &amp; Mercurio, che $ono hora piu tardi, hora piu ueloci del Sole, fanno il mede$imo,
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15184 che fanno i tre di $opra, &amp; anche quello, che fa la Luna. imperoche fanno, &amp; la prima, &amp; l'ul-
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15185 tima apparenza, tanto ue$pertina, quanto mattutina; ma i tre $uperiori fanno l'ultima apparen-
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15186 za ue$pertina, &amp; poi $ubito la prima mattutina uer$o la $ommit&agrave; dello epiciclo. Ma Venere, &amp;
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15187 Mercurio fanno le i$te$$e e$$endo retrogradi, &amp; nella parte oppo$ta al giogo: perche que$ti due
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15188 fanno l'ultima apparenza mattutina, &amp; poco dapoi la prima ue$pertina appre$$o il giogo dello
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15189 epiciclo. ilche fa anche la Luna, ma nel giogo del $uo Deferente.</I> Et que$to piace ad alcu-
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15190 ni che co$i $ia.
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15191 <p><I>Cio&egrave; i progre$$i, et le dimore, le appar&emacr;ze, et le occultationi hanno que$ta cagione $ec&omacr;do alcuni.</I>
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15192 <p>Perche dicono che il Sole, quando &egrave; per una certa di$tanza piu lontano, fa che con non
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15193 chiari $entieri errando le $telle con o$cure dimore $iano impedite.
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15194 <p><I>Vogliono che la lontananza del Sole impedi$ca, &amp; ritegna le $telle, &amp; auuicinando$i il Sole $ia
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15195 no liberate, &amp; $ciolte. que$ta ragione da $e ua giu, &amp; Vitr. la impugna, dicendo.</I>
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15196 <p>Ma a noi non pare, che co$i $ia, perche lo $plendore del Sole $i la$cia molto ben uedere,
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15197 &amp; &egrave; manife$to $enza alcuna o$curatione per tutto il mondo. in modo, che egli ci appare
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15198 anche quando quelle $telle fanno i ritorni, &amp; le dimore loro. $e adunque per tanti $pacij la
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15199 no$tra ui$ta puo que$to auuertire, perche cagione giudicamo noi, che a quelli diuini $plen
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15200 dori delle $telle $i po$$a opponere alcuna o$curit&agrave;.
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15201 <p><I>Questa &egrave; buona ragione cerca l'apparenza delle $telle, ma non $atisfa alle dimore, &amp; ritorni
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15202 come s'&egrave; detto.</I>
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15203 <p>Anzi piu pre$to quella ragione far&agrave; chiaro a noi, che $i come il feruore a $e tira tutte le
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15204 co$e, come uedemo i frutti per lo calore leuar$i da terra, &amp; cre$cere; &amp; i uapori delle acque,
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15205 delle fonti, per l'arco cele$te e$$er attratti, co$i per la i$te$$a ragione lo impeto, &amp; la forza
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15206 del Sole mandando fuori i raggi, &amp; $tendendoli in forma triangolare, a $e tira le $telle,
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15207 che gli uanno drieto, &amp; qua$i raffrenando quelle, che gli correno inante, &amp; ritenendole
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15208 non le la$cia pa$$ar piu oltra, ma le forza di ritornare a $e, &amp; fermar$i nel $egno d'un'al-
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15209 tro triangolo.
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15210 <p><I>Que$ta ragione di Vitru. &egrave; piu pre$to da Architetto, che da Filo$ofo. imperoche, chi direbbe,
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diff changeset
15211 che'l Sole raffrena$$e, o rila$cia$$e i mouimenti del Cielo, come con un freno? che nece$$it&agrave; $cio-
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15212 glierebbe i pianeti da quella forza<*> perche, ($e que$to fu$$e) non potremmo noi uedere tutti i
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15213 pianeti, &amp; tutte le stelle raccolte in una ma$$a? Non &egrave; ragioneuole che i corpi cele$ti $iano $ot-
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15214 topo$ti a que$ti accidenti, anzi &egrave; meno conueniente, che questo auuenga, che la predetta ragio-
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15215 ne di quelli, che danno alcuni $ecreti, &amp; o$curi $entieri alle $telle. Ma la$ciamo andare que$te co-
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15216 $e, &amp; torniamo a Vitr. ilquale dalla ri$po$ta, &amp; $olutione della dimanda fatta di $opra, toglie oc-
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15217 ca$ione, di leuare una dubitatione, laquale egli pone, &amp; &egrave; que$ta.</I>
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diff changeset
15218 <p>For$e alcuno puo di$iderare di $apere, perche cagione il Sole dal quinto $egno lontano
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15219 da $e piu pre$to che dal $econdo, ouero dal terzo, che gli $ono piu uicini ritenga i piane-
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15220 ti in que$ti feruori. io come pare, che que$to auegna, e$poner&ograve;. I raggi del Sole $i $ten-
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15221 deno con linee, come &egrave; la forma d'un triangolo, che habbia i lati eguali. &amp; ci&ograve; non &egrave; piu
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15222 n&egrave; meno, che al quinto $egno lontano da $e. $e adunque $par$i anda$$ero in giro uagando
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15223 per tutto il mondo, n&egrave; $i $tende$$ero dritti, a gui$a di triangoli, le co$e che piu uicine gli
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15224 fu$$ero, abbruciarebbeno, &amp; que$to pare, che Euripide poeta Greco habbia molto bene
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15225 con$iderato dicendo, che quelle co$e, che $ono piu rimote dal Sole ardeno molto piu ga-
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15226 gliardamente. &amp; per&ograve; $criue nella Fauola intitolata Fetonte, in que$to modo.
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15227 <p>Arde le co$e, che $on piu rimote.
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15228 <p>Et le uicine piu temprate la$cia.
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15229 <pb n="383">
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15230 <p>Se adunque, &amp; lo effetto, &amp; la ragione, &amp; la te$timonianza dello antico poeta dimo$tra
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15231 que$to e$$er uero, io non pen$o, che bi$ogni fare altro giudicio di quello, che di $opra
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15232 detto hauemo di que$ta co$a.
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15233 <p><I>Se il Sole ritiene piu fernore quando manda i raggi triangolari, ragione &egrave; (dice Vitr.) che a $e
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15234 tiri piu gagliardamente le $telle, &amp; quelle raffreni dal cor$o loro. Ma perche ragione que$to auen
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15235 ga, cio&egrave; che piu presto il Sole faccta que$to effetto nello $pacio di cinque $egni, ch'&egrave; lo $pacio d'uno
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15236 lato del triangolo (e$cludendo per&ograve; il quinto $egno) che dal $econdo, ouer dal terzo, che $ono piu
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parents:
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15237 uicini, egli dimanda, &amp; ri$ponde a $e $te$$o. Et la proua &egrave; pre$a dello effetto, dalla ragione, &amp; dal
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15238 testimonio di Euripide antico poeta. Ma perche tutta que$ta materia compre$a dalla ragione di
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15239 Vitr. ci pare, che bi$ogno habbia di maggior chiarezza, per&ograve; diremo quanto $i ha da Plinio nel
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15240 $econdo libro, doue egli parla di que$ta mutatione, della quale Vitr. in que$to luogo ne cerca la ra
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15241 gione, &amp; dice in que$to modo. Del che $eparatamente $i deue renderne conto. Le $telle perco$-
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15242 $e nella parte, che detto hauemo, &amp; dal raggio del Sole triangolare, $ono ritenute, che non po$$ono
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15243 tener dritto il cor$o loro, &amp; dalla forza del catore $ono $olleuate, ma questo non co$i pre$to $i
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15244 puo comprendere dalla ui$ta nostra, &amp; per&ograve; pare, che $tiano, donde poi &egrave; $tato pre$o il nome di Sta
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15245 tione. Dapoi la forza dello i$te$$o raggio ua inanzi, &amp; il uapore le forza tornare adietro, come
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15246 riperco$$e da quello. E$pone uno de moderni questo luogo, &amp; dice. Dichiamo auanti, che altro
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15247 $i dica, la intentione di Plinio, In $omma pigliando lo e$$empio dal monte Etna, iui $i pone il uapo
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15248 re del fuoco concetto nel fondo della terra, manda fuori le pietre affocate, co$i il Sole $caccia le
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15249 $telle, che $e gli trouano appre$$o i luoghi ba$$i, &amp; uicini alla terra: ma in que$ta parte, que$to man
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15250 ca allo e$$empio predetto, percioche alle pietre non $oprauiene da luogo alto altro uapore, che le
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15251 faccia ritornare al fondo, perche di natura loro di$cendeno: ma il Sole di nuouo $oprauiene col $uo
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15252 uapore, &amp; rincalza le $telle uer$o la terra. Que$ta ragione dice Plinio, e$$er $ua priuata, &amp; non
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15253 di altri, $econdo che dice il predetto autore. Ma poi pare, che egli $i mar auigli di Plinio, perche
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15254 la predetta opinione molto prima da Vitruuio nel pre$ente luogo &egrave; $tata dichiarita. Tanta diuer-
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15255 $it&agrave;uiene alle $telle, percioche i raggi del Sole in altro t&emacr;po $ottentrano, et $cacciano quelle in alto,
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15256 &amp; in altro tempo $ormontano, &amp; quelle deprimeno a terra. Que$ta opinione dice il predetto, $i
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15257 puo con molte, &amp; euidenti co$e rifiutare. Tra le quali que$ta ne &egrave; una, in che modo puo $tare, che
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15258 il Sole, che &egrave; piu ba$$o alle $pere delle $telle, $oprauenga alle $telle, &amp; le $cacci, &amp; le forzi a tornare;
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15259 che $e fu$$ero tutte le $telle in una $uperficie d'una $pera, il Sole per&ograve; $tando pre$$o terra nel na$ce-
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15260 re, o nel cadere, potrebbe tirare la $tella, che fu$$e in alto, ouero nella $ua $tatione. Oltra di que-
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15261 $to, come $i puo imaginare, che i corpi cele$ti, che per natura hanno i mouimenti loro, $iano all'im
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15262 perio $olo del Sole $cacciati, &amp; quello imperio non $ia moder ato, ma uiolento? co$a che eternamen
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15263 te non potrebbe durare. Appre$$o $i aggiugne, che non $i conuiene transferire a $cacciamenti
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15264 fortuiti, quelle co$e, che indubitatamente $ono riferite a que' giri, come a $e$ta ordinati. Et per&ograve;
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15265 molto bene conuengono Plinio, &amp; Vitruuio in que$to pa$$o, &amp; ua giu anche la dubitatione, &amp;
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15266 la $olutione di Vitr. $econdo i modi da noi e$po$ti di $opra.</I>
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15267 <p>Ma la $tella di Gioue, correndo tra la $tella di Saturno, &amp; di Marte, fa maggior uiag-
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15268 gio, che Marte, &amp; minor, che Saturno. Et $imilmente le altre $telle, quanto piu $ono lon-
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15269 tane dall'ultimo cielo, &amp; piu uicine alla terra $i uolgeno, tanto piu pre$to pare che $ini-
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15270 $chino i cor$i loro. perche cia$cuna di quelle facendo minor giro, piu $pe$$o $ottentrando
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15271 pa$$a quella, che &egrave; di $opra; a $imiglianza di quello che auuenirebbe $e in una ruota di boc
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15272 calaio, po$te fu$$ero $ette formiche, &amp; fu$$ero fatti tanti canali nel piano della ruota, prima
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15273 d'intorno al centro, dapoi a poco a poco cre$ce$$ero &amp; maggiori fu$$ero appre$$o la e$tre-
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15274 mit&agrave;, che ne i detti canali fu$$ero con$trette le formiche a raggirar$i, caminando tutta uia
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15275 la ruota nella parte contraria, egli &egrave; nece$$ario che quelle formiche per tanto di meno ua-
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15276 dino contra la uolta della ruota; &amp; quella, che $ar&agrave; piu uicina al centro nel $uo canale $a-
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15277 r&agrave; piu pre$ta a dar la uolta $ua: &amp; quella, che far&agrave; l'ultima, &amp; maggior circonferenza del-
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15278 <pb n="384">
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15279 la ruota, benche $ia egualmente ueloce, nientedimeno per la grandezza del giro, che ella
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15280 ha da fare, poner&agrave; molto piu tempo in fornire il cor$o $uo. Simigliantemente le $telle,
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15281 che uanno contra il cor$o del Mondo, di loro proprio mouimento fanno i proprij giri,
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diff changeset
15282 ma uolgendo$i il cielo con $oprauanzi $ono riportate in dietro per la quottidiana circu-
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15283 latione del tempo.
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diff changeset
15284 <p><I>Quello che dice Vitr. in que$to luogo &egrave; facile, &amp; bello, &amp; &egrave; $tato u$urpato da i po$teriori per da
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15285 re ad intendere il contrario mouimento delle $pere de i pianeti.</I>
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diff changeset
15286 <p>Ma che $iano delle $telle altre temperate, altre feruenti, altre fredde; que$ta pare, che
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diff changeset
15287 $ia la ragione, che ogni fuoco ha la $iamma $ua che a$cende il Sole adunque abbrucian-
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15288 do con i raggi $uoi la parte etherea, che ha di $opra, la fa rouente. <I>Rouente, cio&egrave; come
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15289 ferro, che bogliente e$ce dal fuoco.</I>
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15290 <p>In que luoghi ha la $tella di Marte il $uo cor$o: &amp; per&ograve; quella $tella $i fa feruente dal
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15291 cor$o del Sole. Ma la $tella di Saturno, perche &egrave; pro$sima alla e$tremit&agrave; del mondo, &amp;
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15292 tocca le congelate parti del cielo, &egrave; grandemente fredda: &amp; da que$to procede, che do-
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15293 uendo Gioue tra$correre tra que$ta, &amp; quella, dal freddo, &amp; dal calore di quelli, come nel
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15294 mezo, tiene effetti conuenienti, &amp; $ommamente temperati.
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diff changeset
15295 <p><I>Tutta uia Vitr. ua ragionando da Architetto, per&ograve; non &egrave;, che ci affatichiamo in contradirgli,
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15296 hauendo per certo, che n&egrave; freddo, n&egrave; caldo, n&egrave; qualit&agrave; $imile, n&egrave; pa<02>ione, $ia in que' cele$ti, &amp; lumi-
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15297 no$i corpi, i quali $ono $timati di fuoco, perche ri$plendeno; ma in uero $ono inalter abili, &amp; impati-
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15298 bili, n&egrave;, perche ri$plendono, $i deue $timare, che $iano di fuoco. Imperoche molti animali, &amp; molte
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15299 $corze d'alberi, &amp; molte squame di pe$ci riluceno a merauiglia, n&egrave; per&ograve; hanno in $e fuoco alcuno.
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15300 Et $e quella $tella &egrave; detta feruente, &amp; que$ta fredda, non &egrave; $e non, perche h&atilde;no uirt&ugrave; di produrre qua
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15301 giu $imili effetti. La doue lo influ$$o non &egrave; altro, che occulta qualit&agrave; de i corpi cele$ti, che non puo
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15302 e$$er impedita da alcuno corpo trapo$to.</I>
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15303 <p>Io ho e$po$to, come ho da mici precettori hauuto, della zona ornata de i dodici $egni,
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15304 &amp; delle $ette $telle, &amp; della loro contraria fatica, con che ragione, &amp; con che numeri pa$
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15305 $ano di $egno in $egno, &amp; fini$ceno il cor$o loro. Hora io dir&ograve;, come cre$ca, &amp; $cemi
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15306 la Luna, in quel modo, che da i maggiori ci &egrave; $tato la$ciato. Bero$o, che dalla citta, ouero
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15307 dalla natione de i Caldei uenne in A$ia, &amp; fece pale$e la di$ciplina de Caldei, co$i ha con-
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15308 fermato. che la Luna &egrave; da una met&agrave; come una palla lucente &amp; acce$a, &amp; dall'altra &egrave; di co-
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15309 lore cele$te, &amp; quando ella facendo il $uo giro, $ottentra al cerchio del Sole allhora &egrave; da
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15310 i raggi &amp; dallo impeto del calore attratta, &amp; fatta rouente: perche il $uo lume ha pro-
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15311 priet&agrave; col lume del Sole: &amp; come richiamata, &amp; riuolta riguarda le parti di $opra al-
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15312 lhora la parte della Luna ci appare o$cura, imperoche per la a$simiglianza dello aere, non
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15313 &egrave; rouente: &amp; quando $ta a perpendicolo de i raggi del Sole diceua Bero$o, che tutta la
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15314 parte lumino$a era ritenuta uer$o la parte di $opra, &amp; allhora $i chiamaua prima Luna. ma
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15315 poi che pa$$ando piu oltre ella andaua alle parti Orientali del cielo abandonata dalla for-
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15316 za del Sole. La e$trema parte della $ua chiarezza con molto $ottil filo mandaua a terra il
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15317 $uo $plendore: &amp; co$i per quella cagione era detta $econda Luna. &amp; continuando ogni
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15318 giorno a rimettere, &amp; rila$ciare il $uo giramento, era detta Terza, &amp; Quarta Luna. Ma
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parents:
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15319 nel $ettimo giorno $tando il Sole a Leuante, &amp; tenendo la Luna le parti di mezo tra Le-
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15320 uante, &amp; Ponente, perche con la met&agrave; per lo $pacio del Cielo &egrave; di$tante dal Sole, $imilmen
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parents:
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15321 te hauer&agrave; la met&agrave; della $ua chiarezza riuolta alla terra. Ma quando tra'l Sole, &amp; la Luna
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parents:
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15322 $ar&agrave; la di$tanza di tutto lo $pa cio del cielo, &amp; che il Sole tramontando riguarder&agrave; il cer-
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parents:
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15323 chio della na$cente Luna, perche $ar&agrave; molto di$tante da iraggi del Sole, rila$ciata nel
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parents:
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15324 quarto decimo giorno, mander&agrave; lo $pl<*>ndore da tutta la ruota della faccia $ua. &amp; ne i $e-
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parents:
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15325 guenti giorni continuamente $cemando alla perfettione, &amp; compimento del me$e Luna
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parents:
diff changeset
15326 re, con i $uoi giri, &amp; con e$$er riuocata dal Sole, $ottentrer&agrave; col cor$o $uo la ruota, &amp; i
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15327 <pb n="385">
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parents:
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15328 raggi $uoi faranno le ragioni del me$e. Ma io e$poner&ograve; in che modo Ari$tarco Samio
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15329 Mathematico ci ha la$ciato gli ammae$tramenti della uariet&agrave; della i$te$$a Luna con gran-
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parents:
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15330 de prontezza d'ingegno. Non ci &egrave; a$co$o la Luna non hauere da $e lume alcuno, ma e$$e-
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parents:
diff changeset
15331 re come uno $pecchio, &amp; riceuere il $uo $plendore dallo impeto del Sole. imperoche tra
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15332 le $ette $telle la Luna fa il cor$o $uo breui$simo, piu uicino alla terra. Adunque ogni me-
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parents:
diff changeset
15333 $e ella $i o$cura $otto la ruota, &amp; i raggi del Sole il primo giorno prima che ella gli pa$si
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parents:
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15334 &amp; quando &egrave; col Sole, $i chiama nuoua Luna. Ma il di $eguente dal quale &egrave; nominata $e-
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parents:
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15335 conda, trapa$$ando il Sole porge una $ottile apparenza della $ua rotondit&agrave;: quando poi
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15336 per tre giorni s'allontana dal Sole cre$ce, &amp; piu &egrave; illuminata. Ma partendo ogni giorno,
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15337 giunta al $ettimo d&igrave; e$$endo lontana dal cadente Sole d'intorno a mezo il Cielo luce per la
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parents:
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15338 met&agrave;, &amp; &egrave; illuminata quella parte, che riguarda al Sole. ma nel decimo quarto giorno e$-
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15339 $endo per diametro nello $pacio del mondo dal Sole di$co$ta, $i fa piena, &amp; na$ce, quan-
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15340 do tramonta il Sole, imperoche di$tante per tutto lo $pacio del mondo &egrave; contrapo$ta, &amp;
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15341 dallo impeto del Sole riceue il lume di tutto il $uo cerchio. Ma na$cendo il Sole alli 17
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15342 giorni, la Luna &egrave; abba$$ata all'occidente, &amp; nel uente$imo primo, quando &egrave; leuato il So-
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15343 le, la Luna tiene qua$i le parti di mezo il Cielo, &amp; ha lucida quella parte, che riguarda il
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15344 Sole, &amp; nelle altre &egrave; o$cura, &amp; co$i caminando ogni giorno qua$i al uente$imo ottauo $ot
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diff changeset
15345 tentra a raggi del Sole, &amp; compie le ragioni de i me$i. Hora io dir&ograve; come il Sole en-
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diff changeset
15346 trando ne i $egni in cia$cun me$e fa cre$cere, &amp; $cemare gli $patij de i giorni, &amp; del-
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15347 le hore.
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diff changeset
15348 <p><I>A me pare che la opinione di Bero$o concorra in una con quella di Ari$tarco. Ben &egrave; uero, che
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diff changeset
15349 c'&egrave; differenza, perche Pero$o uuole, che la met&agrave; della Luna $ia lucida, &amp; che quella $ia $empre ri-
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diff changeset
15350 uolta al Sole, &amp; que$to puo $tare, $e egli intende, che la met&agrave; $ia lucida, o uedendola, o non ueden-
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diff changeset
15351 dola noi. Et Ari$tarco uuole, che tutto il lume, che ha la Luna uenghi dal Sole, la qual opinione &egrave;
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diff changeset
15352 migliore, &amp; &egrave; stata adme$$a. Dico adunque in $omma, che la Luna congiunta col Sole non $i ue-
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diff changeset
15353 de, perche ha la faccia illuminat a riuolta al Sole, &amp; la o$cura a noi. ma di$co$tando$i ogni giorno
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15354 dal Sole, il Sole percuote una parte della Luna con i raggi $uoi, &amp; perche noi $iamo di mezo, comin
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diff changeset
15355 ciamo a uedere la parte illuminata, &amp; ne' primi giorni poco ne uedemo, per&ograve; quello a$petto $i chia
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diff changeset
15356 ma Lunato, &amp; in Greco Monoidis. Ma nel $ettimo quando ella &egrave; per una quarta del cielo lonta-
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diff changeset
15357 na dal Sole, quella faccia $i uede meza, &amp; per&ograve; in Greco &egrave; detta Dicotomos, cio&egrave; bipartita: allonta
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diff changeset
15358 nando$i poi piu dal Sole, &amp; riuoltando a noi piu della met&agrave; della faccia illuminata, &egrave; detta Amphi
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diff changeset
15359 cirtos, cio&egrave; curua d'amendue le parti. finalmente nella oppo$itione dimo$trando tutta intiera la $ua
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diff changeset
15360 ritondezza illuminata, &egrave; detta Pan$elinos, cio&egrave; tutta Luna, o piena Luna, et noi dicemo la Luna ha
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15361 fatto il tondo. ritornando poi al Sole, di giorno, in giorno $i ua na$condendo, finche di nuouo $ia $ot-
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diff changeset
15362 topo$ta al Sole, doue $i dice, che la Luna f&agrave;, ouero $i chiama la congiuntione: &amp; que$to ci puo ba$ta-
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parents:
diff changeset
15363 re per lo intendimento della pre$ente materia. La quale fornita Vitr. ci propone di dire come i
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parents:
diff changeset
15364 giorni s'accortano, &amp; s'allungano, &amp; le hore, mentre il Sole ua di $egno in $egno, &amp; dicendo, che
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15365 gli $pacij delle hore $i fanno maggiori, &amp; minori, ci dinota, che gli antichi partiuano cia$cun gior-
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parents:
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15366 no in dodici parti eguali, per&ograve; ne $eguitaua, che le hore del giorno della $tate, erano maggiori, che
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15367 le hore diurne del uerno, &amp; quella proportione, che $i $eruaua nel partire i giorni, la mede$ima $i
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15368 $eruaua in partire le notti, &amp; quelle hore conueniuano con le hore ordinarie, &amp; con tutte altre $or
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15369 ti di hore, $olamente al tempo de gli Equinottij. $cemauano le hore dal tempo che il Sole entraua
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15370 in Cancro, fin che entraua in Capricorno: ma cre$ceuano dal Capricorno al Cancro. Con que-
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parents:
diff changeset
15371 $to auuertimento s'intender&agrave; piu facilmente, quanto dice Vitr.</I>
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15372 <pb n="386">
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15373 <HEAD><I>Delcor$o del Sole per li dodici $egni. Cap. V.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
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15374 <p>IL Sole adunque quando entra nel $egno del Montone, &amp; tra$corre la ottaua
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parents:
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15375 parte di quello, fa lo equinottio di primauera. ma andando piu oltra alla co
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parents:
diff changeset
15376 da del Toro, &amp; alle Stelle Vergilie, dalle quali auanza la prima met&agrave; del To
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parents:
diff changeset
15377 ro, corre in maggiore, &amp; piu ampio $patio del Cielo, della met&agrave; uer$o la par
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15378 te Settentrionale. Partendo$i poi dal Toro quando entra ne i Gemelli, na$cendo le Ver-
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parents:
diff changeset
15379 gilie, cre$ce anchora piu $opra la terra, &amp; fa maggiori gli $patij de i giorni. indi da i Gemel
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parents:
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15380 li, quando entra nel Cancro, il quale occupa lunghi$simo $patio del Cielo, giunto all'ot-
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parents:
diff changeset
15381 taua parte fa il tempo del Sol$titio, &amp; caminando peruiene al capo, &amp; al petto del Leo-
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parents:
diff changeset
15382 ne. Perche quelle parti$ono attribuite al Cancro. Ma dal petto del Leone, &amp; da i termi
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parents:
diff changeset
15383 ni del Cancro l'u$cita del Sole correndo alle altre parti del Leone, $cema la grandezza de i
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parents:
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15384 giorni, &amp; de i giri, &amp; ritorna in cor$o eguale a quello, che egli faceua, quando cra ne i
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15385 Gemelli. indi poi pa$$ando dal Leone alla Vergine, &amp; andando piu oltre al $eno della ue-
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15386 $te di quella in quello re$trigne i giri $uoi, &amp; gli pareggia con quelli, che egli faceua e$-
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parents:
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15387 $endo nel Toro. V$cito di Vergine per lo $eno della ue$te di quella che occupa le prime
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parents:
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15388 parti della Bilancia, nella ottaua parte della Bilancia fa lo equinottio dello Autunno.
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parents:
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15389 Et quel cor$o &egrave; pari al cor$o gia fatto nel Montone. Ma entrando poi il Sole nello Scor-
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parents:
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15390 pione cadendo le Vergilie, andando piu inanzi uer$o le parti meridiane $cema la lunghez-
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15391 za de i giorni. Venendo po$cia dallo Scorpione al Sagittario, quando egli entra nelle par
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parents:
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15392 ti anteriori di quello pa$$a piu $tretto cor$o del giorno. Ma cominciando dalle co$cie di
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15393 dentro del Sagittario, le quali parti $ono attribuite al Capricorno, giunto alla ottaua par
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15394 te fa un breui$simo $patio del Cielo, &amp; d'indi dalla breuit&agrave; de i giorni quel tempo &egrave; detto
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diff changeset
15395 Bruma, &amp; i giorni brumali. Ma pa$$ando dal Capricorno all'Acquario cre$ce, &amp; aggua
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parents:
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15396 glia con la lunghezza del d&igrave; lo $patio del Sagittario. Dallo Acquario, quando &egrave; entrato
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parents:
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15397 ne Pe$ci $pirando il uento Fauonio acqui$ta cor$o eguale allo Scorpione. &amp; co$i il Sole an
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parents:
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15398 dando per que $egni a certi, &amp; determinati tempi fa cre$cere, &amp; $cemate gli $patij de i gior
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15399 ni, &amp; delle hore. Ma io dir&ograve; delle altre con$tellationi, che $ono ornate di $telle dalla $ini
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parents:
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15400 $tra, &amp; dalla de$tra della zona de i $egni, della parte meridiana, &amp; $ettentrionale del
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parents:
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15401 Mondo.
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parents:
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15402 <p><I>Quiui ci rende Vitr. la ragione del cre$cere, &amp; del calare de i giorni, ma breuemente, &amp;
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parents:
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15403 piu presto ci e$pone lo effetto, che fa il Sole nel Mondo entrando di $egno in $egno cercando la quan
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parents:
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15404 tit&agrave; de i giorni: benche la ragione $ia que$ta, che il Sole $opra terra di $egno in $egno faccia mag-
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parents:
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15405 giori, &amp; minori archi del Cielo. Per&ograve; noi $aldaremo anche que$ta partita, dicendone la cagio-
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parents:
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15406 ne intieramente. percioche quando a noi cre$ceno i giorni, ad altri uanno $cemando, per&ograve; doue-
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parents:
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15407 mo abbraciare tutta la cau$a di tale effetto, &amp; non quella, che a noi habitanti di qua dallo equi
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parents:
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15408 nottiale $erue $olamente. In due modi adunque s'intende giorno. prima lo $patio, che fa il Sole
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15409 col Mondo girando una fiata nel termine di hore uentiquattro; &amp; que$ta &egrave; l'ordinaria $ignificatio
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parents:
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15410 ne di que$to nome pre$o uulgarmente. Imperoche gli e$perti A$tronomi, al giro di hore uenti-
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parents:
diff changeset
15411 quattro, danno quello di piu, che il Sole ha fatto in quel tempo col $uo mouimento contrario a
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parents:
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15412 quello del Mondo. n&egrave; &egrave; merauiglia $e in questo $patio &egrave; compre$a anche la notte; perche ri$petto
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parents:
diff changeset
15413 a tutto il Mondo $empre luce il Sole, &amp; fa giorno in qualche luogo. L'altra $ignificatione &egrave;,
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parents:
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15414 che per giorno s'intende quello $patio, che in al cun luogo il Sole $ta $opra l'orizonte. nel primo mo
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parents:
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15415 do comincia il giorno al mezo d&igrave;, &amp; termina al mezo d&igrave; $eguente. Percioche a qualunque habi
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parents:
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15416 tanti della terra stando fermo, doue egli $i troua ogni giorno dell'anno il Sole peruiene al mezo
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15417 d&igrave; $opra uno iste$$o circolo, che pa$$a da un polo all'altro, per lo punto, che glista $opra il capo,</I>
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parents:
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15418 <pb n="387">
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15419 <I>il qual punto &egrave; detto Zenith. &amp; il circolo &egrave; chiamato Meridiano. Imperoche quando il Sole $i
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parents:
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15420 troua in alcun punto di quello, quando &egrave; $opra terra, $empre &egrave; mezo d&igrave;: &amp; benche diuer$i habbia
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parents:
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15421 no diuer$i Meridiani, a cia$cuno per&ograve; il $uo &egrave; uniforme. Ma i punti del leuare, &amp; del trammon
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parents:
diff changeset
15422 tar del Sole, $i uanno $empre uariando. Perche $i uede, che il Sole hora na$ce al uero leuante;
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15423 hora di qua, hora di la. Et co$i tramonta in diuer$i punti dell'orizonte. Per $apere adunque
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15424 la diuer$it&agrave; de i giorni, egli bi$ogna auuertire, che il Sole non $ale ogni giorno egualmente $opra
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15425 terra, dal che uiene, che un giorno non &egrave; eguale allo altro. Ben &egrave; uero, che ne gli ist<*>$$i graai di
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15426 appartamento dallo equinottiale, ne i quali il Sole ogni d&igrave; a$cende, in quelli $i pone alla parte op-
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15427 posta, &amp; per breue, o lungo, che $ia il giorno $tando l'huomo in un luogo, il Sole gli uiene ogni
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15428 d&igrave; (come ho detto) ad uno iste$$o meridiano, $enza che egli pieghi mai in parte alcuna. N&egrave; per
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15429 questo affermo, che ad uno iste$$o tempo $ia il mezo d&igrave; a tutti gli habitatori della terra, ma aico
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15430 bene, che quanto uno &egrave; piu leuantino, tanto piu presto gli na$ce il Sole, &amp; tanto piu presto gli
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15431 uiene al $uo meridiano. La doue egli $i puo hauere per que$ta ragione, che quando ad al um &egrave;
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15432 mezo d&igrave;, ad altri &egrave; il principio, ad altri il fine del giorno, &amp; ad altri la notte, &amp; e$$endo la terra,
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diff changeset
15433 come alcuni uogliono di leghe $eimila di circuito, il corpo del Sole per ogni hora del d&igrave; naturale
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diff changeset
15434 fa per la ritondezza dell'acqua, &amp; della terra leghe ducento &amp; $e$$antadue. La onde per que$to
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15435 conto guardando noi, che hora &egrave; di giorno in un pae$e $aperemo, che hora $ia in ogni altra parte;
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15436 $apendo la distanza delle leghe, che &egrave; da un luogo all'altro da leuante a ponente. Hora ponia-
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15437 mo il Sole nel principio del Montone, che &egrave; punto equinottiale: benche Vitr. lo mette nella otta-
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15438 ua parte, (il che come s'intenda dir&ograve; poi) &amp; che cominci a montare: &amp; imaginiamo, che il
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15439 principio, &amp; il fine del giorno $ia, quando $u'l Labro, o $u l'orlo dell'orizonte da leuante, &amp; da
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15440 Ponente $i troui il centro del corpo $olare: Io dico il giorno e$$er pari alla notte: perche il Sole
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diff changeset
15441 di$egna una met&agrave; del $uo giro $opra l'orizonte, &amp; l'altra met&agrave; di $otto, &amp; dimora tanto di $opra
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15442 quanto di $otto. Facciamo poi, che il Sole $i muoua di $uo mouimento uer$o i $egni, che $ono di
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15443 qua dalla linea equinottiale ri$petto a noi, che $ono il Montone, il Toro, i Gemelli, il Cancro, il
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15444 Leone, &amp; la Vergine, detti da Vitr. Settentrionali; Io dico che i giorni $i faranno a poco a poco
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15445 maggiori, fin che il Sole peruenga al $egno del Cancro, di doue egli comincia ad abba$$ar$i, &amp;
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15446 ritorna in dietro: per&ograve; &egrave; detto Tropico: cio&egrave; circolo di ritorno: che &egrave; quello, che noi imaginiamo,
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15447 che farebbe il Sole, $e egli quando entra nel Cancro girando per un giorno intiero, la$cia$$e un $e
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15448 gno manife$to nel Cielo: $i come chiamano equinottiale, quel circolo, che $egnandolo il Sole in
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15449 un d&igrave; entrando nel Montone, o nella Bilancia, egli mo$tra$$e i $uoi ue$tigi. il Sole adunque comin
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15450 cia a di$cendere dal Tropico, &amp; non fa l'arco diurno co$i grande. Et perche pare, che a quel
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15451 tempo il Sole faccia poco mouimento, il che ci appare, per la poca mutatione delle ombre, per&ograve;
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15452 quel tempo &egrave; delto Sol$titio. Quiui adunque il giorno &egrave; lunghi$$imo a quelli, che $tanno di qua
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15453 dallo equinottiale, &amp; la notte &egrave; breui$$ima; &amp; tanto &egrave; piu lungo il d&igrave; &amp; piu breue la notte,
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15454 quanto &egrave; piu torto, &amp; obliquo l'orizonte, perche il Sole fa maggior $alita a quelli, che hanno
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15455 l'orizonte piu obliquo, &amp; dimora piu $opra la terra, &amp; per&ograve; lo $patio della luce &egrave; maggiore.
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15456 La onde facilmente $i corregge il te$to di Vitr. la doue egli dice. {Ad Cancrum, qui breui$$i-
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15457 mum tenet c&oelig;li $patium.} percioche uuol dire, longi$$imum, ri$petto al Sole, che nel principio
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15458 del Cancro fa maggior uiaggio $opra l'Orizonte ri$petto a noi, &amp; l'arco diurno &egrave; piu grande,
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15459 che $ia in tutto l'anno. Di$cendendo poi dal Sol$titio ne i $eguenti $egni, i giorni uanno $ceman-
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15460 do. perche gli archi diurni $ono piu ba<02>i, &amp; minori, fin che egli peruiene alla Bilancia, nel cui
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15461 principio di nuouo il giorno $i fa eguale alla notte: Et $i fa il $econdo equinottio, detto equinottio
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15462 dell'Autunno, $i come il primo $i diceua equinottio della prima uera. Et di$cendendo tutta uia
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15463 ne i $eguenti $egni i giorni $i $cortano, per le $opradette cagioni, fin che entri nel Capricorno, do-
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15464 ue $i fa l'altro Sol$titio, che da i buoni antichi &egrave; detto Bruma, dalla breuit&agrave; de i giorni. Stando
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15465 adunque il Sole nel $egno brumale, le notti $ono piu lunghe, che $iano in tutto l'anno a quelli,
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15466 che $tanno di qua dallo equinottiale, &amp; i giorni con$eguentemente $ono piu breui. Ma a quelli,</I>
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15467 <foot><I>EEE</I></foot>
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15468 <pb n="388">
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parents:
diff changeset
15469 <I>che $ono di la dallo equinottiale auuiene al contrario, percioche gli archi diurni $i fanno mag-
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parents:
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15470 giori, &amp; il Sole girando per quelli, $ta piu $opra l'Orizonte, &amp; i notturni $i fanno mino-
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15471 ri. Ritornando poi dal Capricorno, (perche iui anche &egrave; l'altro circolo del ritorno,) per-
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parents:
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15472 che il Sole comincia a prendere maggior $alita, i giorni $i fanno maggiori, $in che un'altra
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parents:
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15473 fiata $i pareggino con la notte rientrando nel Montone. Et que$to &egrave; quanto ha uolu-
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parents:
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15474 to dire Vitruuio accennando nel tra$cor$o molte belle co$e. Tra le quali una &egrave; l'ordine
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parents:
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15475 de i $egni, &amp; il modo delle figure loro; &amp; que$to dico accioche gli artefici, che fanno
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15476 le $pere, imparino a poner bene i $egni cele$ti, perche il Sole entra nel Montone per la te$ta
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parents:
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15477 $ua. dietro il Montone &egrave; la coda del Toro, &amp; co$i ua $eguitando, come dice Vitruuio. L'altra
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parents:
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15478 co$a &egrave; che dal Montone per ordine fin alla Bilancia i $egni, che iui $ono $i chiamano Settentrio-
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parents:
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15479 nali. &amp; quelli, che $ono dalla Bilancia al Montone $i chiamano Meridionali. perche quelli $ono
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15480 di qua dallo equinottiale uer$o il Settentrione, doue $iamo noi: quelli di la uer$o le parti Meridia-
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parents:
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15481 ne; dico ri$petto a noi. Imperoche i $egni Meridiani a noi, che $tiamo di qua dalla linea, $ono
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parents:
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15482 $egni del Sole di la, &amp; i $egni, che a noi $ono Settentrionali, a quelli $ono Meridiani. Dice an-
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parents:
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15483 che di piu, che l'uno, &amp; l'altro equinottio, &amp; l'uno, &amp; l'altro Sol$titio $i fanno nelle parti ot-
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parents:
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15484 taue de i loro $egni, il che come s'intenda il moderno autore $opracitato, nel predetto luogo di
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parents:
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15485 Plinio dice. Gli antichi per cono$cere il circolo obliquo riguardarono, quando in due tempi di-
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15486 uer$i i giorni fu$$ero eguali alla notte. Et con$iderando anche due grandi$$ime di$aguaglianze de
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parents:
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15487 i giorni, l'una nel uerno, l'altra nella $tate, quando il Sole $i ritroua, ne i punti delritorno. Et
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parents:
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15488 cio fecero con giudicio, &amp; bene, pen$ando, che tra que$ti termini il Sole anda$$e $eruando uno
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parents:
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15489 i$te$$o tenore di uiaggio, non interrompendolo piu in un luogo, che in un'altro, &amp; co$i parue lo-
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parents:
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15490 ro, che bene fu$$ero, che quelli $patij fu$$ero congiunti $otto la circonferenza d'un continuate
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15491 cerchio. Et co$i haueuano quattro principij di quattro quarte del circolo obliquo, che in que-
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parents:
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15492 sto modo fu prima detto. da que$to prendendo altri argomenti partirono quel cerchio in dodici par
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parents:
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15493 ti eguali, immutabili m ogni $ecolo: ma poi per fare la loro inuentione memorabile a $e $te$$i, &amp;
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15494 a i po$teri di$egnarono quel circolo, con alcune copie di $telle, che iui e$$er compre$ero non in mo-
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15495 do, che ogni imagine, co$i da loro figurata occupa$$e a punto la duodecima parte, ma in quanto
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15496 fu$$ero uicine al detto cerchio. Et co$i chiamarono Montone, Toro, &amp; gli altri $egni. Et da
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15497 que$to l'obliquo cerchio ha pre$o il nome di zodiaco, ouero di $ignifero. Et che le imagini non oc
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15498 cupa$$ero la terza parte del zodiaco a punto, ce lo da ad intendere Vitr. dicendo, che il capo,
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diff changeset
15499 &amp; il petto del Leone &egrave; attribuito al Cancro: &amp; che il $eno della ue$te della Vergine ba le prime
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diff changeset
15500 parti della Bilancia, &amp; altre $imili co$e. Hora e$ponendo Vitruuio dicemo, che le prime
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parents:
diff changeset
15501 parti del Montone, che fin alle corna $i e$tendeno a gradi $ei, &amp; minuti trenta, cio&egrave; $ei parti,
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parents:
diff changeset
15502 &amp; meza delle dodici, nelle quali &egrave; partito egualmente il zodiaco, &amp; le ultime fin alla coda di e$-
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diff changeset
15503 $o Montone hanno gradi uenti$ette, ci $ono uenti, &amp; mezo, che tanto $i e$tende que$ta imagine
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parents:
diff changeset
15504 per lungo di que$to numero la ottaua parte &egrave; 2. &amp; mezo con le quali il Montone auanza la
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parents:
diff changeset
15505 egualit&agrave; de i giorni. Il $imile s'intende de gli altri $egni. &amp; benche que$to co$i a pun
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parents:
diff changeset
15506 to non $ia, niente dimeno ci puo ba$tare la uicinanza. Columella nel nono benche approui
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diff changeset
15507 la opinione de Hipparco dicendo, che gli equinottij, &amp; Sol$titij $i fanno nelle prime parti de i $e-
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parents:
diff changeset
15508 gni, per&ograve; egli $egue Eudo xo, &amp; Mirone antichi a$tronomi, che diceuano, che gli equinottij, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
15509 i Sol$titij $i faceuano nelle ottaue parti de i $egni: come dice Vitru. po$ero questo gli antichi,
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parents:
diff changeset
15510 $eguitando la con$uetudine: imperoche que giorni erano dedicati a certi $acrificij, &amp; nominati
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parents:
diff changeset
15511 per $acre ceremonie, &amp; quella opinione era $tata accettata da gli huomini uolgari. Eanche da
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parents:
diff changeset
15512 o$$eruare in Vitr. &amp; la ri$pondenza de i giorni, quando il Sole &egrave; in un $egno, con quelli quando
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parents:
diff changeset
15513 egli &egrave; in un'altro. Et pero dice, che il Leone ri$ponde a Gemelli, la Virgine al Toro; la Bilancia
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parents:
diff changeset
15514 al Montone: &amp; co$i gli altri, perche egli &egrave; una i$te$$a ragione dello andare, &amp; del ritorno: &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
15515 conclude, che co$i come i giorni uanno cre$cendo, &amp; $cemando, co$i cre$ceno, &amp; $cemano gli
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parents:
diff changeset
15516 $patij delle hore e$$endo quella proportione della parte alla parte, che &egrave; del tutto al tutto. Ma</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15517 <pb n="389">
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parents:
diff changeset
15518 <I>accioche $i dia chiara, &amp; uniuer$al dimo$tratione, diremo, che in ogni Orizonte tanto di giorno,
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parents:
diff changeset
15519 quanto di notte, $ia que$to, &amp; quella langhi, o breui quanto $i uoglia. La met&agrave; del Zodiaco $a
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parents:
diff changeset
15520 le $opra, &amp; l'altra $cende, come detto hauemo. di giorno, quando monta quella, che comincian
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parents:
diff changeset
15521 do dal luogo oue $i truoua il Sole, $econdo l'ordine de i $egni $i $a innanzi, &amp; l'altra tramon-
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parents:
diff changeset
15522 ta: cio&egrave; quella, che, comincia dal luogo oppo$to, doue $i truoua il Sole: &amp; per lo contrario di
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parents:
diff changeset
15523 notte quella a$cende, &amp; que$ta di$cende. Et que$to &egrave; ragioneuole, perche e$$endo (come detto
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parents:
diff changeset
15524 hauemo) l'Orizonte, &amp; il Zodiaco due cerchi de i maggiori, nece$$ario &egrave;, che l'uno, &amp; l'altro $i
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parents:
diff changeset
15525 taglino in due parti eguali; Adunque tanto di giorno, quanto di notte $ei $egni na$ceno, &amp; $ei ca
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parents:
diff changeset
15526 deno. Per&ograve; nello obliquo Orizonte, a quelli, che $ono di qua dalla linea nel giorno dello equinot
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parents:
diff changeset
15527 tio di Primauera monta la met&agrave; del Zodiaco, che declina uer$o il Polo manife$to, che contiene i
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parents:
diff changeset
15528 $egni dal Montone alla Pilancia; &amp; per lo contrario nel d&igrave; dello equinottio dell'Autunno mon-
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parents:
diff changeset
15529 tando l'altra met&agrave;, quella di$cende. Ma quella met&agrave; del Zodiaco, che comincia col punto del
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parents:
diff changeset
15530 Sol$titio della $tate in grandi$$imo $patio monta, &amp; in breui<02>imo di$cende. &amp; nel punto della Bru
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parents:
diff changeset
15531 ma, quella met&agrave;, che in breui<02>imo $patio a$cende in lunghi<02>imo di$cende, perche na$ce tanto
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parents:
diff changeset
15532 nella notte della $tate, quanto nel d&igrave; del uerno breui<02>imo: &amp; di$cende tanto nel d&igrave; dell'e$tate,
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parents:
diff changeset
15533 quanto nella notte del uerno lunghi<02>ima. La onde gli habitanti $otto i circoli polari, la met&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
15534 del Zodiaco, che comincia col punto del Sol$titio co$i come nello $patio di hore uentiquattro $i le-
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parents:
diff changeset
15535 ua, co$i in uno in$tante $i pone: &amp; per lo contrario l'altra, come in uno in$tante $i leua, co$i in
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parents:
diff changeset
15536 hore uentiqnattro $i pone. La doue quanto una met&agrave; del Zodiaco prende il principio $uo piu uici
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parents:
diff changeset
15537 no al piu alto Sol$titio, tanto $ale in maggiore $patio di tempo, &amp; in minore $i pone: Et co$i due
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parents:
diff changeset
15538 met&agrave;, che cominciano con un punto da un Sol$titio egualmente rimote, con eguali $patij di tempo
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parents:
diff changeset
15539 montano, &amp; $i corcano, perche na$ceno, &amp; cadeno con giorni, &amp; notti eguali. Et $e due me-
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parents:
diff changeset
15540 t&agrave; del Zodiaco cominciano da due punti oppo$ti, in quel tempo, che una $ale, l'altra $i po-
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parents:
diff changeset
15541 ne, perche lo i$te$$o d&igrave;, che una leua, l'altra cade: &amp; nella i$te$$a notte, che
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parents:
diff changeset
15542 una monta, l'altra trammonta: per il che, quelle met&agrave;, che na$ceno con punti da uno equinottio
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parents:
diff changeset
15543 egualmente distanti, in quanto tempo, che una $i leua l'altra cade. Et que$to &egrave; quello, che dice
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parents:
diff changeset
15544 Vitr. che a i giorni de i Gemelli, $ono pari i giorni del Leone. Qui $otto ci$ar&agrave; una tauola, che
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parents:
diff changeset
15545 ci dimo$tra di grado in grado la lunghezza de i giorni cominciando $otto l'equinottiale, fin $otto
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parents:
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15546 il Polo.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15547 <p><I>Et co$i quanto $ono i giorni lunghi al tempo del Sol$titio, tanto $ono le notti al tempo della
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parents:
diff changeset
15548 bruma: di modo che in tutto l'anno, tanto &egrave; lo $pacio del giorno, quanto &egrave; lo $pacio della notte.
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parents:
diff changeset
15549 Volendo adunque noi $apere quanto $ia il d&igrave; maggiore in cia$cun pae$e, $i ricorrer&agrave; alla predetta
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parents:
diff changeset
15550 tauola, doue nel primo ordine $i ritrouer&agrave; l'altezza del Polo: nel $econdo all'incontro la grandez
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parents:
diff changeset
15551 za del giorno $econdo le hore: &amp; nel terzo i minuti; &amp; nel quarto le $econde. Ma che il mondo
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parents:
diff changeset
15552 $ia habitato, fin la doue $ono $ei me$i di giorno, &amp; $ei di notte: que$to &egrave; gia manife$to per la pra-
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parents:
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15553 tica de gli huomini, &amp; per gli $critti di molti. La natura ha proui$to a quelli. La Luna con lo
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parents:
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15554 $uo $plendore $pe$$o gli ui$ita: i crepu $culi gli $ono lunghi tanto la $era, quanto la mattina: il So-
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parents:
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15555 le dimorandogli molto $opra la terra gli la$cia la $ua impre<02>ione: il pae$e &egrave; coperto da i uenti con
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parents:
diff changeset
15556 la grandezza de i monti: il $ito &egrave; incuruato, che riceue meglio il calore: iui &egrave; il mare, che pure
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parents:
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15557 per la $al$uggine $ua d&agrave; inditio di qualche adu$tione: iui $i trouano le pelli fini$$ime, gli huomini
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parents:
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15558 grandi $ono gagliardi, &amp; robu$ti; &amp; $i come il mare gli $ommini$tra gran quantit&agrave; di pe$ce, co$i
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parents:
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15559 la terra non $i $degna di produrre herbe, &amp; metalli in gran quantit&agrave;, di modo che gli antichi i
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parents:
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15560 quali non haueuano ueduto piu inanzi $ono stati dap oi $enza lor frutto dalla e$perienza conuin-
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15561 ti. Ma torniamo al propo$ito. &amp; dichiamo breuemente quello, che &egrave; $tato o$$eruato del moui-
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parents:
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15562 mento del Sole, nelle quarte del Zodiaco. Il Sole adunque ua per la prima quarta del Zodiaco in
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15563 giorni nouantaquattro, hore dodici: &amp; del $uo Eccentrico gradi nouanta tre, minuti noue. Va per
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parents:
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15564 la $econda, che &egrave; la quarta e$tiua in giorni nouanta due, &amp; hore dodici: &amp; del $uo Eccentrico
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parents:
diff changeset
15565 gradi nouanta uno, minuti undici. ua per la terza in giorni ottantaotto, &amp; del $uo Eccentrico</I>
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parents:
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15566 <foot><I>EEE</I> 2</foot>
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parents:
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15567 <pb>
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15568 <TABLE>
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15569 <ROW><COL><I>L'altezza del Polo.</I></COL><COL><I>Hore</I></COL><COL><I>Minuti</I></COL><COL><I>Seconde</I></COL></ROW>
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15570 <ROW><COL>1</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>3</COL><COL>28</COL></ROW>
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15571 <ROW><COL>2</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>6</COL><COL>56</COL></ROW>
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15572 <ROW><COL>3</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>10</COL><COL>24</COL></ROW>
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15573 <ROW><COL>4</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>14</COL><COL>0</COL></ROW>
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15574 <ROW><COL>5</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>17</COL><COL>28</COL></ROW>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
15575 <ROW><COL>6</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>20</COL><COL>56</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15576 <ROW><COL>7</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>24</COL><COL>48</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15577 <ROW><COL>8</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>28</COL><COL>0</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15578 <ROW><COL>9</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>31</COL><COL>36</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15579 <ROW><COL>10</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>35</COL><COL>12</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15580 <ROW><COL>11</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>38</COL><COL>48</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15581 <ROW><COL>12</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>42</COL><COL>24</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15582 <ROW><COL>13</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>46</COL><COL>8</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15583 <ROW><COL>14</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>49</COL><COL>44</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15584 <ROW><COL>15</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>53</COL><COL>28</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15585 <ROW><COL>16</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>57</COL><COL>20</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15586 <ROW><COL>17</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>1</COL><COL>4</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15587 <ROW><COL>18</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>4</COL><COL>36</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15588 <ROW><COL>19</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>8</COL><COL>56</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15589 <ROW><COL>20</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>12</COL><COL>48</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15590 <ROW><COL>21</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>16</COL><COL>48</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15591 <ROW><COL>22</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>21</COL><COL>4</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15592 <ROW><COL>23</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>25</COL><COL>4</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15593 <ROW><COL>24</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>29</COL><COL>20</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15594 <ROW><COL>25</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>33</COL><COL>35</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15595 <ROW><COL>26</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>38</COL><COL>0</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15596 <ROW><COL>27</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>42</COL><COL>24</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15597 <ROW><COL>28</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>46</COL><COL>16</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15598 <ROW><COL>29</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>51</COL><COL>36</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15599 <ROW><COL>30</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>56</COL><COL>16</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15600 <ROW><COL>31</COL><COL>14</COL><COL>1</COL><COL>12</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15601 <ROW><COL>32</COL><COL>14</COL><COL>6</COL><COL>8</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15602 <ROW><COL>33</COL><COL>14</COL><COL>11</COL><COL>12</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15603 <ROW><COL>34</COL><COL>14</COL><COL>16</COL><COL>24</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15604 <ROW><COL>35</COL><COL>14</COL><COL>21</COL><COL>52</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15605 <ROW><COL>36</COL><COL>14</COL><COL>27</COL><COL>20</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15606 <ROW><COL>37</COL><COL>14</COL><COL>33</COL><COL>4</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15607 <ROW><COL>38</COL><COL>14</COL><COL>37</COL><COL>36</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15608 <ROW><COL>39</COL><COL>14</COL><COL>44</COL><COL>56</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15609 <ROW><COL>40</COL><COL>14</COL><COL>51</COL><COL>12</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15610 <ROW><COL>41</COL><COL>14</COL><COL>57</COL><COL>44</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15611 <ROW><COL>42</COL><COL>15</COL><COL>4</COL><COL>24</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15612 <ROW><COL>43</COL><COL>15</COL><COL>11</COL><COL>20</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15613 <ROW><COL>44</COL><COL>15</COL><COL>18</COL><COL>40</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15614 <ROW><COL>45</COL><COL>15</COL><COL>26</COL><COL>8</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15615 <ROW><COL>46</COL><COL>15</COL><COL>34</COL><COL>8</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15616 <ROW><COL>47</COL><COL>15</COL><COL>42</COL><COL>24</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15617 <ROW><COL>48</COL><COL>15</COL><COL>51</COL><COL>4</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15618 <ROW><COL>49</COL><COL>16</COL><COL>0</COL><COL>8</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15619 <ROW><COL>50</COL><COL>16</COL><COL>9</COL><COL>44</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15620 <ROW><COL>51</COL><COL>16</COL><COL>19</COL><COL>52</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15621 <ROW><COL>52</COL><COL>16</COL><COL>30</COL><COL>32</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15622 <ROW><COL>53</COL><COL>16</COL><COL>41</COL><COL>52</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15623 <ROW><COL>54</COL><COL>16</COL><COL>54</COL><COL>8</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15624 <ROW><COL>55</COL><COL>17</COL><COL>7</COL><COL>4</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15625 <ROW><COL>56</COL><COL>17</COL><COL>21</COL><COL>4</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15626 <ROW><COL>57</COL><COL>17</COL><COL>36</COL><COL>16</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15627 <ROW><COL>58</COL><COL>17</COL><COL>52</COL><COL>48</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15628 <ROW><COL>59</COL><COL>18</COL><COL>10</COL><COL>48</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15629 <ROW><COL>60</COL><COL>18</COL><COL>30</COL><COL>56</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15630 <ROW><COL>61</COL><COL>18</COL><COL>53</COL><COL>20</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15631 <ROW><COL>62</COL><COL>19</COL><COL>18</COL><COL>24</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15632 <ROW><COL>63</COL><COL>19</COL><COL>48</COL><COL>40</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15633 <ROW><COL>64</COL><COL>20</COL><COL>24</COL><COL>24</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15634 <ROW><COL>65</COL><COL>21</COL><COL>10</COL><COL>32</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15635 <ROW><COL>66</COL><COL>21</COL><COL>20</COL><COL>40</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15636 </TABLE>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15637 <HEAD><I>Continuatione de i giorni, o della luce.</I></HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15638 <HEAD><I>Hore Minuti Seconde.</I></HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15639 <TABLE>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15640 <ROW><COL>67</COL><COL>24</COL><COL>1</COL><COL>40</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15641 <ROW><COL>68</COL><COL>42</COL><COL>1</COL><COL>16</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15642 <ROW><COL>69</COL><COL>54</COL><COL>16</COL><COL>25</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15643 <ROW><COL>70</COL><COL>64</COL><COL>13</COL><COL>46</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15644 <ROW><COL>71</COL><COL>74</COL><COL>0</COL><COL>0</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15645 <ROW><COL>72</COL><COL>82</COL><COL>6</COL><COL>39</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15646 <ROW><COL>73</COL><COL>89</COL><COL>4</COL><COL>58</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15647 <ROW><COL>74</COL><COL>96</COL><COL>17</COL><COL>0</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15648 <ROW><COL>75</COL><COL>104</COL><COL>1</COL><COL>4</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15649 <ROW><COL>76</COL><COL>110</COL><COL>7</COL><COL>27</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15650 <ROW><COL>77</COL><COL>116</COL><COL>14</COL><COL>22</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15651 <ROW><COL>78</COL><COL>122</COL><COL>17</COL><COL>6</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15652 <ROW><COL>79</COL><COL>127</COL><COL>9</COL><COL>55</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15653 <ROW><COL>80</COL><COL>134</COL><COL>4</COL><COL>58</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15654 <ROW><COL>81</COL><COL>139</COL><COL>31</COL><COL>36</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15655 <ROW><COL>82</COL><COL>145</COL><COL>6</COL><COL>43</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15656 <ROW><COL>83</COL><COL>151</COL><COL>2</COL><COL>6</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15657 <ROW><COL>84</COL><COL>156</COL><COL>3</COL><COL>3</COL></ROW>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
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15658 <ROW><COL>85</COL><COL>161</COL><COL>5</COL><COL>23</COL></ROW>
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15659 <ROW><COL>86</COL><COL>116</COL><COL>11</COL><COL>23</COL></ROW>
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15660 <ROW><COL>87</COL><COL>171</COL><COL>21</COL><COL>47</COL></ROW>
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15661 <ROW><COL>88</COL><COL>176</COL><COL>5</COL><COL>29</COL></ROW>
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diff changeset
15662 <ROW><COL>89</COL><COL>181</COL><COL>21</COL><COL>58</COL></ROW>
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diff changeset
15663 <ROW><COL>90</COL><COL>187</COL><COL>6</COL><COL>39</COL></ROW>
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diff changeset
15664 </TABLE>
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diff changeset
15665 <pb n="391">
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diff changeset
15666 <I>gradi ottanta $ei, minuti quarantauno. u&agrave; per la quarta del uerno in giorni nouanta, hore due,
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diff changeset
15667 minuti cinquanta cinque, $econde due, &amp; del $uo Eccentrico gradi ottanta otto, minuti nouanta-
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diff changeset
15668 noue. fa la met&agrave; $ettentrionale del Zodiaco in giorni centoottanta $ette, l'altra in giorni cento $et-
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diff changeset
15669 tanta otto, hore cinquanta cinque, minuti cinquantacinque, $econde dodici. La doue andando
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parents:
diff changeset
15670 per la met&agrave; Settentrionale pone giorni otto, hore dieclotto, minuti quattro, $econde quaranta otto
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diff changeset
15671 di piu, che andando per la met&agrave; meridiana.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15672 <p>Hora io dir&ograve; delle altre con$tellationi, che $ono dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra della zona
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parents:
diff changeset
15673 dei $egni di$po$te, &amp; $igurate di $telle dal Settentrione, &amp; dal Meriggie.
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parents:
diff changeset
15674 <p><I>Propone Vitr. quello, che egli fare intende, dapoi che egli ci ha e$plicato il cor$o del Sole, il
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parents:
diff changeset
15675 cre$cere, il $cemare de gli $pacij diurni, &amp; delle hore: &amp; dice uolerci dimo$trare il $ito delle stel-
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parents:
diff changeset
15676 le po$te di qua, &amp; di la dal Zodiaco, percioche e$$endo alcune imagini nella larghezza del Zodia-
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parents:
diff changeset
15677 co, alcune fuori, &amp; hauendo detto di quelle, che $ono nella larghezza del Zodiaco, quali, quan-
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parents:
diff changeset
15678 te, &amp; come $tiano: uuole trattare di quelle, che $ono di qu&agrave;, &amp; di l&agrave; del Zodiaco: &amp; prima tratta
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parents:
diff changeset
15679 di quelle, che $ono dalla parte Settentrionale, chiamando $ydera le con$tellationi, cio&egrave; le imagini
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parents:
diff changeset
15680 intiere compo$te di piu $telle: &amp; $tella una $ola $tella.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15681 <HEAD><I>Delle constellationi, che $ono dalla parte Settentrio-
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15682 nale. Cap. VI.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
15683 <p>IL Settentrione, ilquale i Greci chiamano Arcton, ouero Helicen, ha dietro di
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parents:
diff changeset
15684 $e po$to il Guardiano: da quello non molto lontana &egrave; la Vergine, $opra il
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parents:
diff changeset
15685 cui homero de$tro &egrave; po$ta una lucidi$sima $tella, che i Latini chiamano Pro-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
15686 uindemiam: i Greci Protrygetum; &amp; la $ua apparenza &egrave; piu pre$to $plendida,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
15687 che colorita: euui un'altra $t<*>lla a dirimpetto tra le ginocchia del Guardiano dell'Or$a,
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parents:
diff changeset
15688 che &egrave; dett&agrave; Arcturo, &amp; iui &egrave; dedicato all'incontro del capo del Settentrione attrauer$ato
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
15689 ai piedi de i Gemelli il Carrettieri, &amp; $ta $opra la $ommit&agrave; del corno del Toro. parimen-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
15690 te nella $ommit&agrave; del Corno $ini$tro del Toro alli piedi del Carrettieri tiene una $tella da
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
15691 una parte, che $i chiama la mano del Carrettieri, doue $ono i Capretti, &amp; la Capra.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
15692 <p><I>Vitr. non $olamente pone le imagini cele$ti, che $ono raunanze di molte $telle dette da lui con-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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15693 $tellationi, ma ancho qualche stella $egnalata da $e: n&egrave; meno le pone tutte, ma $olamente quelle,
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parents:
diff changeset
15694 che per gli orti, &amp; occa$i loro $ono uedute, &amp; cono$ciute. per&ograve; $i uede che Vitr. ha hauuto inten
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15695 tione di e$ponere quello, che appare $opra il nostro hemi$pero, &amp; per&ograve; ha ragionato prima de i poli
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15696 del mondo in quel modo, come per legge perpetua il $ettentrione $te$$e di$opra, &amp; l'antarctico di
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15697 $otto. In que$to trattamento ci $ono molte $correttioni del testo. Va a torno una carta fatta con
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15698 il con$iglio, &amp; con l'opera di tre ualent'huomini, Giouanni Stabio, Alberto Durero, &amp; il Volpaia
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15699 Fiorentino, nella quale $ono tutte le imagini celesti, fatte con estrema diligenza, $econdo il $ito lo
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parents:
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15700 ro, col numero delle stelle, che le adornano, &amp; la quantit&agrave;, &amp; grandezza loro, &amp; anche ci $ono le
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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15701 $telle $eparate dalle imagini, &amp; molte ui $ono aggiunte per relatione di nauiganti, che appartengo
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15702 no all'altro polo. ma noi in uece di quella tauola, ne poneremo un'altra non di pittura, ma di nume-
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15703 ri, dimo$trando per quella, quali imagini $iano $ettentrionali, &amp; quali dalla parte del mezo d&igrave;,
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parents:
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15704 &amp; che latitudine s'habbiano, cio&egrave; quanto $iano dalla eclittica di$coste uer$o i poli del mondo, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
15705 che longitudme, cio&egrave; quanto $iano lontane dal principio del Montone, per la lunghezza del Zo-
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parents:
diff changeset
15706 diaco, &amp; $i dimo$trer&agrave; le loro quantit&agrave;, &amp; qualit&agrave;; perche altre $ono piu lucenti, altre meno, &amp;
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parents:
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15707 altre maggiori, &amp; altre minori, altre uanno al mezo del Cielo con un $egno, altre con un'altro.
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parents:
diff changeset
15708 Questa tauola &egrave; $tata calculata del 1520. con $omma diligentia dallo Eccellente Me$$er Federi-
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parents:
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15709 co Delfino mio precettore. Io, &amp; per l'obligo, &amp; per l'affettione, che gli ho portato, &amp; per la ra
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parents:
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15710 gione, &amp; per l'autorit&agrave; $ua ho uoluto riportarmi alla $ua calculatione, &amp; dare in luce, quella ho-</I>
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parents:
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15711 <pb n="392">
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parents:
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15712 <I>norata fatica. per&ograve; nel fine del libro &egrave; po$ta la detta tauola, alla quale rimetto i lettori. Gli an-
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parents:
diff changeset
15713 tichi po$ero quar antaotto imagini, &amp; cognobbero mille, &amp; uintidue $telle. Vero &egrave; che alcuni han
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parents:
diff changeset
15714 no uoluto fare d'una imagine piu parti, &amp; per&ograve; hanno pa$$ato il numero predetto. Tolomeo ne
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parents:
diff changeset
15715 mette quarantaotto. Queste $ono chiamate tanto dalle co$e animate, quanto dalle co$e inanima
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parents:
diff changeset
15716 te; &amp; tanto dalle ragioneuoli, quanto da quelle, che mancano di ragione; &amp; tanto dalle fiere, quan
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parents:
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15717 to dalle domestiche, s&igrave; di terra, come di mare, &amp; questo dico con grande merauiglia, come i Cre-
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parents:
diff changeset
15718 ci ($e i Greci $ono $tati, et non altri piu antichi) habbiano hauuto tanta autorit&agrave;, che con tanto con
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parents:
diff changeset
15719 $en$o di ognuno habbiano empito il cielo delle lor fauole, che confirmate dapoi per niun modo $o-
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parents:
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15720 no $tate m<*>ate. Ma in fine l'aduiatione de i cortegiani, &amp; la uoglia de i primi ordinatori, come
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parents:
diff changeset
15721 Poeti, &amp; A$tronomi, per fare eterna memoria d'alcune co$e no<*> abili, o per adulare a i loro $igno-
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parents:
diff changeset
15722 ri, hanno ritrouato luoghi nel cielo da collocarui le co$e amate da quelli, la doue non poterono e-
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parents:
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15723 glino mai $alire. Come Virgilio po$e tra gli artigli dello Scorpione la $tella di Ce$are. Ma &egrave; co-
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parents:
diff changeset
15724 $a mirabile, che i Creci, od'altri habbiano hauuto tanto priuilegio di empire il cielo de i nomi delle
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parents:
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15725 loro $celer atezze, &amp; che le fauole loro $iano $tate accettate ne i canoni, &amp; nelle regole di de$cri
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parents:
diff changeset
15726 uere il cielo. Fanno mentione di que' nomi anche le $acre lettere, come Iob parlando della poten
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parents:
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15727 tia di Dio dice. Il quale fa l'Arcturo, &amp; l'Orione, &amp; le Hiade, &amp; le parti interiori dell'O$tro. Et
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parents:
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15728 in un'altro luogo Dio dice di $e $te$$o a Iob. Potrai tu riunire le ri$plendide stelle Pleiade? ouero
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parents:
diff changeset
15729 di$$ipare il giro d'Arcturo? Produci tu Lucifero nel tempo $uo, o fai tu na$cere $opra l'Orizonte
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parents:
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15730 la $tella detta Ve$pero? Ma i Greci od'altri, che $iano $tati primi inuentori, temendo che la leggie-
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parents:
diff changeset
15731 rezza delle loro ribalderie, non $i dilegua$$e, le uollero inchiodare nel cielo. per&ograve; cantano alcuni.</I>
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parents:
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15732 <p><I>Gioue infiammato d'amoro$o ardore
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parents:
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15733 Delle figlie de gli huomini s'acce$e
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parents:
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15734 Hauendo a noia l'immortal conte$e
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parents:
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15735 Dell'orgoglio$a moglie, e $uo furore.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15736 <p><I>Vide Cali$to, che era $ul fiore
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diff changeset
15737 Di $ua bellezza, onde tra noi di$ce$e,
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diff changeset
15738 Et dopo i dolci baci, e le conte$e
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diff changeset
15739 Dolci di lei, ne re$to uincitore.</I>
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diff changeset
15740 <p><I>Giunon gelo$a piena di disdegno
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diff changeset
15741 Piglia la bella giouane, e $tratiata
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diff changeset
15742 Che l'hebbe, in Or$a horribil la conuer$e.</I>
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diff changeset
15743 <p><I>L'infelice ne di&egrave; co'l ruggir $egno
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diff changeset
15744 Per le $elue d'Arcadia, ma leuata
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parents:
diff changeset
15745 Per la piet&agrave; di Gioue al Cielo s'er$e.</I>
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diff changeset
15746 <p><I>Le imagini, che $ono uer$o il Settentrione $ono prima po$te da Vitruuio, &amp; dice, che quel Setten
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diff changeset
15747 trione, che da Greci &egrave; detto Arctos, ouero Helice, che altro non &egrave;, che l'Or$a maggiore, che altri
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diff changeset
15748 dalla figura hanno chiamato il Carro: ha dietro di $e il custode, o Guardiano, o Bootes, che $e gli di
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parents:
diff changeset
15749 ca, $otto il quale non molto lontano &egrave; il $egno della Vergine, che per A$trea, o per la Giu$titia $i
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parents:
diff changeset
15750 pone, $opra la cui de$tra $palla $i uede una lucidi$$ima $tella, che $i chiama Antiuindemia, per-
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diff changeset
15751 che quando na$ce, cio&egrave; quando e$ce da i raggi del Sole, promette la maturit&agrave; della uindemia. della
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diff changeset
15752 cui materia $egni manife$ti $ono gli acini dell'uua mutati di colore. Que$ta $tella &egrave; $imile al ferro af
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parents:
diff changeset
15753 focato, per&ograve; Vitruuio dice, che &egrave; piu pre$to candens, cio&egrave; rouente, che colorata. perche gli $crittori
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parents:
diff changeset
15754 gli danno uno mir abile $plendore. I Greci la chiamano Protrygetum, che in latino prouindemia,
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parents:
diff changeset
15755 $i dice. Oltra di que$to tra le ginocchia del Guardiano &egrave; la stella nominata Arcturo, dalla quale
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parents:
diff changeset
15756 alcuni hanno chiamato Arcturo tutta la imagine del Guardiano. Ecco che Vitru. non $olo tocca
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diff changeset
15757 le imagini, constellationi, asteri$mi, $egni, &amp; figure, che tutto &egrave; uno, ma anche le stelle $ole &amp;
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diff changeset
15758 $eparate, (come detto hauemo.) $eguita poi l'Auriga, carrettieri, Ericthonio, &amp; Or$ilocho det-
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parents:
diff changeset
15759 to, il $ito delquale &egrave; dinanzi al capo dell'or$a maggiore, &amp; le sta attrauer$ato in modo, che $e</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15760 <pb n="393">
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parents:
diff changeset
15761 <I>l'Or$a $corre$$e, gli urterebbe nel capo. sta egli $opra il destro corno del Toro, per mezo i piedi
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parents:
diff changeset
15762 de i Gemelli, $opra la cui $palla $ini$tra &egrave; una $tella, che $i chiama la Capra. que$ta pare che ri-
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parents:
diff changeset
15763 guardi due picciole stelle, che $ono nella $ini$tra del carrettieri, &amp; $i chiamano i Capretti. per&ograve;
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diff changeset
15764 to leggerei Vitr. in questo modo.</I> { <I>Itemque in $ummo cornu l&aelig;uo ad Aurig&aelig; pedes una tenet
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parents:
diff changeset
15765 parte stellam, qu&aelig; appellatur Aurig&aelig; manus, in qua h&aelig;di. capra uero l&aelig;uo humero.</I> } <I>&amp; poi
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diff changeset
15766 comincia.</I> { <I>Tauri quidem, &amp; Arietis in$uper.</I>} <I>Adunque $opra la cima del $inistro corno
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parents:
diff changeset
15767 del Toro l'Auriga $tende una mano, nellaquale $ono due $telle nominate i Capretti, &amp; tiene $opra
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parents:
diff changeset
15768 il $inistro humero una stella detta la Capra. &amp; poi $eguita.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15769 <p>Sopra le parti del Toro, &amp; del Montone con le $ue de$tre parti Per$eo $i ritroua, $ot-
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parents:
diff changeset
15770 tentrando alla ba$e delle $telle nominate Vergilie. &amp; con le piu $ini$tre il capo del Monto
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parents:
diff changeset
15771 ne appoggiando la de$tra mano al $imulacro di Ca$siopea, &amp; tiene $opra l'Auriga per la
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parents:
diff changeset
15772 cima il capo gorgoneo ponendolo $otto a i piedi di Andromeda. &amp; $opra Andromeda, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
15773 $opra il $uo uentre $ono i caualli.
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parents:
diff changeset
15774 <p><I>Et qui ancho &egrave; il te$to $corretto, perche le parole di Vitr. non hanno relatione n&egrave; construt-
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parents:
diff changeset
15775 tione, &amp; la uerit&agrave; &egrave;, che $opra di Andromeda ci $ono due caualli, uno alato, che $i pone per lo
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parents:
diff changeset
15776 cauallo Pega$eo: &amp; l'altro &egrave; la parte dinanzi d'uno cauallo, cio&egrave; il capo, &amp; il petto, &amp; il uentre
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parents:
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15777 dello alato &egrave; $opra il capo d'Andromeda. Tiene anche il detto cauallo una stella $opua la $pina
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parents:
diff changeset
15778 a$$ai notabile, &amp; per&ograve; Vitr. potrebbe dire.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15779 <p>Ci $ono anche i Pe$ci $opra Andromeda, &amp; il uentre di quel cauallo, che &egrave; $opra la $pi-
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parents:
diff changeset
15780 na dell'altro cauallo, ma nel uentre del primo &egrave; una lucidi$sima $tella, che termina il detto
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parents:
diff changeset
15781 uentre, &amp; la te$ta di Andromeda. Ma la mano de$tra di Andromeda &egrave; po$ta $opra il $imu-
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parents:
diff changeset
15782 lacro di Ca$siopea, &amp; la $ini$tra $opra il pe$ce Aquilonare. $imilmente l'Aquario $opra il
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parents:
diff changeset
15783 capo del cauallo, &amp; le unghie del cauallo toccano le ginochia d'Aquario. <I>Per&ograve; nella fi-
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parents:
diff changeset
15784 guratione di quelli ualent'huomini il Cauallo deue hauere ipiedi riuolti all'altra parte.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15785 <p>Sopra Ca$siopea per mezo il Capricorno in alto &egrave; po$ta l'Aquila, &amp; il Del$ino, dopo i
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parents:
diff changeset
15786 quali &egrave; la Saetta, &amp; alquanto dietro alla $aetta &egrave; l'uccello. la cui de$tra penna tocca la ma-
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parents:
diff changeset
15787 no di Cepheo, &amp; il $cettro: ma la $ini$tra di Cepheo $ta $opra la imagine di Ca$siopea fer-
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parents:
diff changeset
15788 mata. $otto la coda dell'uccello $ono coperti i piedi del cauallo. <I>Qui s'intende del mezo
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parents:
diff changeset
15789 cauallo.</I> D'indi $ono le imagini del Sagittario, dello Scorpione, &amp; della Bilancia.
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parents:
diff changeset
15790 <p><I>Se Vitru. haue$$e con nomi $eparati distinto i due caualli, chiamando l'uno Equus, l'altro E-
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parents:
diff changeset
15791 quiculus, ouero protome hippus, come dicono i Greci, non ci haurebbe la$ciato difficult&agrave;: oltra
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parents:
diff changeset
15792 che dicendo di $opra, che l'Aquila &egrave; molto lontana dal $imul acro di Ca$$iopea, &amp; che le unghie
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parents:
diff changeset
15793 del cauallo toccano le ginocchia dello Aquario, &amp; poi dicendo, che $otto la coda dell'uccello
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parents:
diff changeset
15794 $ono coperti i piedi del cauallo, egli ci da ad intender, che non $i ragiona d'un $olo cauallo: ma
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parents:
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15795 il tutto s'acconcia per la lettione, &amp; la de$crittione de i buoni autori.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15796 <p>Di $opra poi il $erpente tocca con la cima del ro$tro la corona, nel mezo del quale &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
15797 l'Ophiuco, o Serpentario, che tiene il Serpente in mano, calcando col pi&egrave; $ini$tro la fron
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parents:
diff changeset
15798 te dello Scorpione. ma alla met&agrave; del capo dell Ophiuco, non molto lontano &egrave; il capo del
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15799 lo Ingenocchiato. detto Ae$$o. <I>Che Hercole, The$eo, Tamiri, Orpheo, Prometheo, Ixione,
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parents:
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15800 Cetheo, Lycata $i chiama.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15801 <p>Ma le cime delle lor te$te, $ono piu facili ad e$$er cono$ciute, imperoche $ono formate
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parents:
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15802 di $telle a$$ai lucenti. Ma il piede dello Ingenocchiato $i ferma a quella tempia del capo
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parents:
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15803 di quel Serpente, che &egrave; tra l'Or$e, che Settentrioni $i chiamano.
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parents:
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15804 <p><I>Ma quello, che dice Vitr.</I> { <I>Parue per eos flestitur Delphinus</I>, } <I>non accorda col detto de
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15805 gli altri, perche il Delfino &egrave; lontano dallo ingenocchiato; $e for$e non $i legge.</I> {<I>Vbi parue per os
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parents:
diff changeset
15806 fl tur Delphinus contra uolucris rostrum est. propo$ita lyra.</I> }
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parents:
diff changeset
15807 <p>Ma doue per la bocca breuemente $i piega il Delphino contra il'ro$tro dell'uccello &egrave;
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parents:
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15808 propo$ta la Lyra. tra gli homeri dello ingenocchiato, &amp; del Guardiano &egrave; adorna la co-
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parents:
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15809 <pb n="394">
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15810 rona. ma nel cerchio Settentrionale po$te $ono le due Or$e.
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parents:
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15811 <p><I>Dapoi che Vitr. ci ha ragionato di quelle stelle, &amp; di quelle imagini, che $ono tra il Tropico,
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parents:
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15812 &amp; il circolo Settentrionale, egli entra a quelle, che $ono dentro del circolo Settentrionale, &amp;
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parents:
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15813 questo fa $eparatamente perche quelle parti $ono piu nece$$arie da e$$er cono$ciute, perche a com
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parents:
diff changeset
15814 modi humani piu opportune $i ueggono. De$criue adunque partitamente il circolo Settentriona-
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diff changeset
15815 le, la figura, &amp; la collocatione dell'Or$a, &amp; del Dracone, che la cigne, &amp; dice.</I>
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diff changeset
15816 <p>Nel circolo Settentrionale $ono po$te le due Or$e, che $i uoltano le $palle, &amp; hanno i
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diff changeset
15817 petti riuolti in altra parte. la minore Cino$ura, la maggiore Helice &egrave; detta dai Greci;
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diff changeset
15818 Guardano amendue allo in giu, &amp; la coda dell'una, &egrave; uolta uer$o il capo dell'altra; per-
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diff changeset
15819 cioche i capi dell'una, &amp; dell'altra dalla cima loro u$cendo per le code $oprauanzando$i
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parents:
diff changeset
15820 tra quelli, &egrave; $te$o il Serpente, o Dracone, che $i dichi. Dal fine del quale &egrave; la $tella lumino-
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diff changeset
15821 $a, quella, che $i chiama il polo, che &egrave; d'intorno al capo dell'Or$a maggiore. perche quel-
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diff changeset
15822 la, che &egrave; uicina al Dracone $i uolge d'intorno al $uo capo.
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parents:
diff changeset
15823 <p><I>Qui $i uede lo errore di molti, che hanno dipinto l'Or$e, &amp; il Dracone, perche la figura del
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diff changeset
15824 Dracone, non &egrave; di quella maniera contorta, come $i dipigne. &amp; quelli, che l'hanno o$$eruato con
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diff changeset
15825 diligenza, non hanno trouato, che le stelle apparino nel cielo, nel modo, che $ono dipinte, n&egrave; l'or
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diff changeset
15826 $a maggiore appre$$o la testa del Dracone, n&egrave; la minore appre$$o la coda. ma per lo contrario la
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diff changeset
15827 maggiore &egrave; appre$$o la coda, &amp; la minore &egrave; appre$$o le $pire, come Arato ci dimostra, dicendo.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15828 <p><I>Qui fan di Gioue le notrici chiaro
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parents:
diff changeset
15829 Helice &amp; Cino$ura, quella Greci
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parents:
diff changeset
15830 Guida per l'alto mar, que$ta Fenici.
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parents:
diff changeset
15831 Helice &egrave; tutta chiara, &amp; ha$ue $telle
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parents:
diff changeset
15832 Di maggior lume, &amp; digrandezza adorna.
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parents:
diff changeset
15833 Et quando il Sol nell'ocean' s'a$conde
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parents:
diff changeset
15834 Quella di $ette fiamme adorna $plende,
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parents:
diff changeset
15835 Ma a marinari &egrave; piu fedel quell'altra,
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parents:
diff changeset
15836 Percioche tutta in breue giro accolta
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parents:
diff changeset
15837 Al fido polo $i riuolge, &amp; mai
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parents:
diff changeset
15838 (Purche ueduta $ia) non $i ritroua
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diff changeset
15839 Alle naui de' Sidoni fallace.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15840 <p><I>Tra que$te a gui$a di $pezzato lume
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parents:
diff changeset
15841 Il fiero Drago $i tramette, e uolge
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diff changeset
15842 Et quinci, &amp; quindi l'un &amp; l'altra auanza
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diff changeset
15843 Helice con la coda, &amp; poi torcendo.
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parents:
diff changeset
15844 A Cino$ura piega, &amp; doue punta
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diff changeset
15845 Con la $ua coda iui la testa pone
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parents:
diff changeset
15846 Helice, &amp; oltra Cino$ura $tende
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parents:
diff changeset
15847 Le Sue ritorte pieghe, e alzato a drieto
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parents:
diff changeset
15848 Guarda l'Or$a maggior col capo ardito.
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parents:
diff changeset
15849 Ardeno gli occhi, &amp; l'affocate tempie
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15850 Di fiamme acce$e $ono, e'l mento $olo
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diff changeset
15851 Arde d'un fiero lume.</I>
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casties
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diff changeset
15852 <p><I>La tramontana, della quale $i $erueno i no$tri marinari, &egrave; quella $tella, che &egrave; l'ultima nella co-
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diff changeset
15853 da dell'Or$a minore. imaginiamo una lin ea dritta dalle ultime due $telle dell'Or$a maggiore, cio&egrave;
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15854 dalle ruote di dietro del carro, che uedi fin alla pro<02>ima $tella che $e le fa incontra, iui &egrave; la $tella
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15855 uicina al polo del mondo, che $i chiama $tella del mare. la Tramontana adunque &egrave; la prima del-
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diff changeset
15856 le $telle, che fanno l'Or$a minore. Que$te $ono $ette stelle a$$ai chiare, tre di e$$e fanno un corno,
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diff changeset
15857 che $i piglia per lo temone dal carro, quattro poi fanno il quadrato $econdo il $ito di quattro
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parents:
diff changeset
15858 ruote, $i muoueno d'intorno il polo con egual di$tanza in termine di hore uentiquattro da Leuan-
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parents:
diff changeset
15859 ite a Ponente. &amp; la Tramontana per e$$er piu uicina al polo fa minor giro. &amp; per quella, e$$endo
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diff changeset
15860 l polo inui$ibile $i cono$ce l'altezza del polo $opra l'Orizonte, &amp; il luogo del polo $i cono$ce per
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parents:
diff changeset
15861 un'altra $tella delle stelle, che &egrave; la piu lucida delle due guardie nommate: &amp; quella stella &egrave; det-
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parents:
diff changeset
15862 ta horologiale, perche girando come ruota di horologio, d&agrave; a cono$cere in ogni tempo dell'an-
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parents:
diff changeset
15863 no, che hora $ia della notte. come dimostrano gli horologi fatti per la notte. le tre stelle, che $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
15864 no con le mani$egnate nella $eguente figura uengono nello horologio notturno a dritto d'una re-
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parents:
diff changeset
15865 gula, che $i applica al centro dello horologio.</I>
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diff changeset
15866 <pb n="395">
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parents:
diff changeset
15867 <fig>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
15868 <p>Et il $erpente d'intorno la te$ta della Cino$ura di$te$o &egrave; po$to, &amp; ua di lungo per dritto
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
15869 $ino a i $uoi piedi, &amp; quiui intorto, &amp; ripiegato alzando$i $i riuolta dal capo dell'Or$a mi-
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parents:
diff changeset
15870 nore alla maggiore contra il ro$tro di quella, &amp; la tempia della $ua te$ta.
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parents:
diff changeset
15871 <p><I>Cio&egrave; il Serpente $i $tende d'intorno alla testa dell'Or$a minore, &amp; iui alquanto $i piega, dapoi
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
15872 $i raddrizzafiu a i piedi dell'Or$a predetta, &amp; iui di nuouo $i ritorce, &amp; riuolge il capo uer$o
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
15873 la te$ta dell'Or$a minore: $i come dalle bocche, &amp; foci de i fiumi alle fonti loro Tolomeo c'in-
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parents:
diff changeset
15874 $egna, le uolte, &amp; i giri de i fiumi, co$i Vitr. ci de$criue, quelle parti del Dracone, che $ono dritte,
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parents:
diff changeset
15875 &amp; quelle che danno uolta, per&ograve; io leggerei Vitru. a questo modo.</I> {<I>Vn&agrave; uero (cioe in$ieme)
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parents:
diff changeset
15876 circum Cyno$ur&aelig; caput, iniesta e$t flexu (cioe la il $erpente piegato) porrestaque proxime eius
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parents:
diff changeset
15877 pedes (cioe dell'Or$a minore) h&aelig;c autem (cioe alli piedi dell'Or$a minore) intorta replicataq;
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parents:
diff changeset
15878 e st (cioe il $erpente) $e attollens reflestitur.</I> } <I>&amp; il re$tante.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15879 <p>Anche $opra la coda dell'Or$a minore $ono i piedi di Cepheo, &amp; iui alla $ommit&agrave; del
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parents:
diff changeset
15880 Montone, $ono le $telle che fanno il triangulo di lati eguali.
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parents:
diff changeset
15881 <p><I>Co$i intendo.</I> { <I>ibique ad $ummum cacumen in$uper Arietis $ignum $unt stell&aelig;, qu&aelig; faciunt
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parents:
diff changeset
15882 triangulum paribus lateribus.</I> } <I>Lequali parole $ono poste da Vitr. molto intricatamente, per
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parents:
diff changeset
15883 de$criuere con breuit&agrave; come $tiano quelle stelle. il Triangolo dalla $imiglianza della lettera gre-
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parents:
diff changeset
15884 ca <G>*d</G> &egrave; detto delta.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
15885 <p>Ma molte $ono le $telle confu$e del Settentrione minore, &amp; del $imulacro di Ca$siopea.
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parents:
diff changeset
15886 <p><I>Confu$e egli intende, che non fanno alcuna figuratione, come d'intorno al Montone cinque:
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parents:
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15887 d'intorno al Toro undici: d'intorno a Gemelli $ette. ouero confu$e non co$i lucenti, ouero dell'ul-
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parents:
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15888 tima grandezza. ma a me piace pin la prima intelligenza. Conclude poi Vitru. quello, che ha
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parents:
diff changeset
15889 detto, &amp; propone quello, che deue dire.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15890 <p>Io ho e$po$to fin qui quelle $telle, che $ono nel cielo di$po$te alla de$tra dell'Oriente
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parents:
diff changeset
15891 tra la zona de i $egni, &amp; le con$tellationi de i Settentrioni; hora io e$plicher&ograve; quelle che $o
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parents:
diff changeset
15892 no alla $ini$tra dell'Oriente, &amp; delle parti del mezo d&igrave; dalla natura di$tribuite.
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parents:
diff changeset
15893 <foot><I>FFF</I></foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
15894 <pb n="396">
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parents:
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15895 <HEAD><I>Delle. stelle che $ono dal Zodiaco al mezo d&igrave;.</I></HEAD>
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15896 <HEAD><I>Cap. VII.</I></HEAD>
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15897 <p>Primieramente $otto il Capricorno &egrave; il Pe$ce Au$trale, che da lungi riguarda
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15898 Cepheo con la coda, &amp; da quello al Sagittario il luogo &egrave; uoto. il Thuribolo
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diff changeset
15899 &egrave; $otto l'artiglio di Scorpione. ma le prime parti del Centauro $ono uicine
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diff changeset
15900 alla Bilancia, &amp; allo Scorpione. Tengono in mano quel $imulacro, che i peri
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diff changeset
15901 ti chiamano la be$tia delle $telle. Lungo la Vergine, il Leone, &amp; il Cancro, $ta il Serpente,
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15902 ilquale porgendo una $quadra di $telle intorto $otto cigne lo $pacio del Cancro, alzando
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15903 il ro$tro uer$o il Leone, &amp; nel mezo del corpo $o$tiene la Tazza $ottoponendo la coda alla
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15904 mano della Vergine, nellaqua le &egrave; il Coruo. Ma quelle $telle, che $ono $opra le $palle egual
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diff changeset
15905 mente riluceno. ma alla parte di dentro al uentre del Serpente $otto la coda &egrave; $ottopo$to
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diff changeset
15906 il Centauro. Appre$$o la Tazza, &amp; il Leone &egrave; la naue d'Argo, la cui prora &egrave; o$curata, ma l'al
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diff changeset
15907 bero, &amp; quelle parti, che $ono intorno il temone appareno eminenti. &amp; e$$a nauicella, &amp;
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diff changeset
15908 la poppa, &egrave; congiunta per la $ommit&agrave; della coda del cane. <I>Et qui s'intende del Cane
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15909 maggiore.</I>
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15910 <p>Ma il Cane minore $eguita i Gemelli, &amp; all'incontro &egrave; il capo del Serpente, &amp; il mag-
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diff changeset
15911 gior Cane $eguita il minore.
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diff changeset
15912 <p><I>Douemo auuertire, che quando Vitr. dice, che il minor Cane $eguita i Gemelli, intende, che il
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diff changeset
15913 minor cane &egrave; a dirimpetto $opra i Gemelli, perche l'ordine di Vitr. &egrave; di porre le imagini di qu&agrave;, et
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15914 di l&agrave; dal Zodiaco, accompagnandole con i $egni del Zodiaco, accioche $i $appia il $ito loro nel cie-
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diff changeset
15915 lo. &amp; per&ograve; douemo auuertire a que$to in tutto il trattamento di$opra, &amp; di $otto, ilche bene c&omacr;-
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diff changeset
15916 $iderato ci leuer&agrave; la fatica d'intendere molte co$e.</I>
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diff changeset
15917 <p>Ma Orione &egrave; attrauer$ato, $ottopo$to, &egrave; fiaccato $otto l'unghia del Toro, &amp; tiene con la
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diff changeset
15918 $ini$tra la claua, alzando l'altra mano $opra i Gemelli. Ma appre$$o la $ua pianta &egrave; il Cane,
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diff changeset
15919 poco lontano che per$eguita il Lepore. Ma al Montone, &amp; a i Pe$ci, &egrave; $ottopo$ta la Ba-
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diff changeset
15920 lena, dalla cui te$ta ordinatamente &egrave; di$po$to un $ottile $pargimento di $telle, ad amendue
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diff changeset
15921 i pe$ci, che Grecamente Hermidone &egrave; detto.
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diff changeset
15922 <p><I>Plinio chiama commi$$ura de i pe$ci quella, che i Greci chiamano Hermidone, altri l'hanno
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diff changeset
15923 chiamata cinta, o legame. altri lino, o filo. percioche pare, che annodi la parte Settentriona-
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diff changeset
15924 le, con la parte meridiana. Hermidone uuol dire, piacere, o diletto di Mercurio, ma con difficul-
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parents:
diff changeset
15925 t&agrave; $i tragge dal commento di Arato questa co$a.</I>
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diff changeset
15926 <p>Et per grande $pacio uer$o la parte di dentro $chiacciato il nodo de i Pe$ci tocca la $om
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parents:
diff changeset
15927 ma cre$ta della Balena.
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15928 <p><I>Cio&egrave; il detto nodo entra molto dentro nella parte au$trale, &amp; come i giri de i $erpenti per-
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parents:
diff changeset
15929 uiene fino alla $ommit &agrave; della cresta della Balena. puo anche $tare, che nel latino non ci uoglia e$-
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parents:
diff changeset
15930 $ere quella parola, Serpentium, ouero, che in luogo di Serpentium, dica pi$cium.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
15931 <p>Ma il fiume Eridano con una apparenza di $telle piglia il capo della $ua fonte dal $ini-
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parents:
diff changeset
15932 $tro piede d'Orione. Ma quella acqua, che $i dice e$$ere $parta dallo Aquario $corre tra
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15933 la te$ta del Pe$ce Au$trale, &amp; la coda della Balena. Io ho e$po$to quelli $imulacri di $tel-
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15934 le, che dalla natura, &amp; dalla mente diuina di$egnate come piacque a Democrito inue$tiga-
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parents:
diff changeset
15935 tore della natura, $ono $tate figurate, &amp; formate nel mondo. Ma non tutti per&ograve; da me $o-
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parents:
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15936 no $tati po$ti, ma $olamente quelli, de i quali potemo auuertire gli orti, &amp; gli occa$i, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
15937 quelli con gli occhi uedere. imperoche, $i come i Settentrioni girando$i d'intorno al car-
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parents:
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15938 dine dello a$$e non tramontano, n&egrave; uanno $otto l'Orizonte, co$i d'intorno al cardine
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parents:
diff changeset
15939 meridiano, che per la inclinatione del mondo &egrave; $otto la terra, girando$i, &amp; na$conden-
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parents:
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15940 <pb n="397">
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parents:
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15941 do$i, le $telle non hanno le $alite $opra terra: &amp; per&ograve; le loro figurationi per lo impedimen
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parents:
diff changeset
15942 to della terra non ci $ono manife$te. Di que$to ci d&agrave; inditio la $tella di Canopo, che a
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parents:
diff changeset
15943 que$te parti non &egrave; cono$ciuta, come $i ha per relatione di mercanti, che alle e$treme par-
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parents:
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15944 ti dello Egitto, &amp; a quelle, che $ono ui cine a gli ultimi termini della terra $tati $ono.
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parents:
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15945 <p><I>Si e$cu$a Vitr. perche non ha posto tutte le constellationi, &amp; figure, douendo parlarne come
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parents:
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15946 $i deue, $enza hauere alcunri$petto al $uo Orizonte, &amp; alla inclinatione del cielo, che &egrave; nelle re
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parents:
diff changeset
15947 gioni di qua dallo Equinottiale: &amp; dice hauer uoluto trattare di quelle imagini, &amp; d quelle
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parents:
diff changeset
15948 stelle, che ci $ono note per gli orti, &amp; occa$i loro, dicendo che ne $ono alcune, che mai non $i le=
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parents:
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15949 uano, &amp; alcune che mai non tramontano. &amp; prende l'argomento dalla stella detta Canopo. la-
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parents:
diff changeset
15950 quale &egrave; una stella posta nel $eguente remo della naue, co$i nominata dall'I$ola Canopo, doue pri-
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parents:
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15951 ma fu cono$ciuta. Quelli che $i parteno dalla Arabia Petrea uer$o l'Azania per dritto naui-
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parents:
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15952 gando al meriggie uanno contra la stella Canopo, che in que luoghi &egrave; nominata ca allo. &amp; $i
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parents:
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15953 chiama in quella lingua $uhel. cio&egrave; incendio, &amp; que$to per la moltitudine, &amp; grandezza del $uo
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parents:
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15954 $plendore, &amp; de i $uoi raggi. Questa ri$plende (come dice Plinio) alla I$ola Traprobana. Era
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15955 questa stella al tempo di Tolomeo in gradi dieci$ette, min. dieci di Gemini. ha di latitudine Meri-
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parents:
diff changeset
15956 diana gradi $ettantacinque, &amp; di declinatione gradi cinquantauno, min. trentaquattro. Questa
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parents:
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15957 stella non $i uede in Italia. a Rhodi &egrave; uicini$$ima all'Orizonte un quarto di $egno, pare alzata
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15958 in Ale$$andria, &amp; co$i piu s'inalza a gli habitanti uer$o le parti meridiane. Ma chi uole$$e $a-
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15959 pere quali $iano quelle stelle, che $i po<02>ino uedere $ott o la inclination del cielo, doue $ono, fac-
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parents:
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15960 cia una tauola dello A$trolabio, alla $ua eleuatione di polo, &amp; nel centro di e$$a ponga uno pie-
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parents:
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15961 de della $esta &amp; l'altro allarght fino all'Orizonte, &amp; faccia uno circolo, quel circolo $ar&agrave; il mi-
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parents:
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15962 nore, che $i po$$a uedere $opra l'Orizonte, &amp; quello che &egrave; fuori forza &egrave; che $ia $otto l'O-
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parents:
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15963 rizonte. Quattro $telle po$te in croce $ono $egni dell'altro polo. delle quali ne fa mentio-
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parents:
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15964 ne Dante nel primo capo del purgatorio. doue chiama il $ito $ettentrionale uedouo, perche &egrave;
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parents:
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15965 priuo di mirarle. Que$te quattro $telle $ono in una macchia come &egrave; la uia galatea, non $ono po$te
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parents:
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15966 nelle imagini predette, n&egrave; meno nel zodiaco; i nauiganti le chiamano crociere, &amp; quella del pie-
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parents:
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15967 de &egrave; maggiore &amp; piu ri$plendente delle altre. per quella $i cono$ce quale &egrave; la te$ta, &amp; quali $o-
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parents:
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15968 no le braccia della croce, &amp; quando il piede &egrave; $u l'orlo dell'orizonte, &amp; che il capo &egrave; drit-
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parents:
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15969 to, il piede $ta appartato dal polo gradi trenta, da que$ta $i prende l'altezza dell'altro polo, &amp;
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parents:
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15970 $i piglia in modo che $e l'altezza, che di e$$a $i piglia $ar&agrave; di quella trenta, colui che la piglia $ar&agrave;
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parents:
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15971 nello equiuottiale: $e piu di trenta, quel di piu $ta appartato dalla equinottiale, alla parte di Ostro:
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parents:
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15972 $e meno, quel tanto $ta appartato dalla linea alla parte di Tramontana, come &egrave; $tato da i nauigan-
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15973 ti di que mari o$$eruato, conclude poi Vitr.</I>
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15974 <p>Del giramento del mondo intorno la terra, &amp; della di$po$itione de i dodici $egni, &amp;
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15975 della parte Settentrionale, &amp; meridiana, delle $telle, come egli $ia perfetto, ne ho dato
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15976 ammae$tramento. imperoche dal girare del mondo, &amp; dal contrario mouimento del So
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15977 le ne i $egni, &amp; dalle ombre fatte da Gnomoni, al tempo de gli equinottij, $i trouano le
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15978 ragioni de gli analemmi. Ma le altre co$e, cio&egrave;, che effetti habbiano i dodici $egni, &amp;
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15979 le cinque $telle, &amp; il Sole, &amp; la Luna, quanto appartiene alla ragione della A$trologia, $i
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15980 deono concedere a i di$cor$i de i Caldei. imperoche &egrave; proprio loro il di$cor$o de i na$ci-
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15981 menti, perche po$$ono &amp; le antipa$$ate, &amp; le future co$e dalle ragioni delle $telle far ma-
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15982 nife$te. &amp; le loro inuentioni, che hanno la$ciate in i$critto, dimo$trano con che $olertia,
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15983 &amp; con che acutezza d'ingegno, habbiano ragionato, &amp; quanto grandi $iano $tati quelli,
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15984 che dalla natione Caldea $ono uenuti. il primo fu Bero$o, che nell'I$ola, &amp; nella citt&agrave; di
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15985 Coo $ede$$e, &amp; iui apri$$e le $cole, in$egnando la loro di$ciplina. Dapoi fu lo $tudente
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15986 Antipatro, &amp; Archinapolo, ilquale non dal punto del na$cimento, ma dalla concettione
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15987 la$ci&ograve; manife$te le ragioni delle natiuit&agrave;. Ma delle co$e naturali Thalete Mile$io, Anaxa-
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15988 gora Clazomenio, Pithagora Samio, Xenofane Colophonio, Democrito Abderita, con
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15989 <foot><I>FFF</I> 2</foot>
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15990 <pb n="398">
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15991 che ragioni la natura $i reggeua, &amp; in che modo &amp; che effetti habbiano, la$ciarono mol-
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15992 to bene con$iderato. Le inuentioni de i quali hauendo $eguitato Eudoio, Eude-
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15993 mo, Calli$to, Melo, Philippo, Hipparcho, Arato, &amp; gli altri, trouarono per A$trologia,
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15994 gli orti, &amp; gli occa$i delle $telle, &amp; le $ignificationi delle tempe$te, &amp; le di$cipline de gli
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15995 in$t rumenti detti parapegmi, &amp; a i po$teri le la$ciarono. Le $cienze de i quali deono e$$ere
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15996 ammirate da gli huomini, perche $ono $tati di tanta cura, &amp; diligenza, che pareno mol-
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15997 to prima con diuina mente annunciare le $igni$icationi delle tempe$te che hanno a
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15998 uenire. per le quali co$e a i pen$ieri &amp; $tudi di quelle $i deono attribuire tali &igrave;nuentioni.
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15999 <p><I>Conclude Vitr. quanto egli ha detto fin qui. n&egrave; ui &egrave; da affaticar$i altrimenti, perche nel $eguen
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16000 te capo, $i dichiarer&agrave; minutamente ogni co$a al propo$ito. Parapegmi erano in$trumenti artifi-
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16001 cio$i, con i quali $i trouaua il $ito delle $telle, per fare le natiuit&agrave; de gli huomini. come tauole d'A-
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16002 $trolabio, horo$copi, &amp; altre $imili co$e.</I>
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16003 <HEAD><I>Delle ragioni de gli Horologi, &amp; delle ombre de Gno-
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16004 moni al tempo equinottiale a Roma, &amp; in alcu
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16005 ni altri luoghi. Cap. VIII.</I></HEAD>
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16006 <p>MA noi da quelli $tudi co$i douemo $eparare la ragione de gli Horologi, &amp;
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16007 e$plicare la breuit&agrave;, &amp; lunghezza de i giorni di me$e in me$e.
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16008 <p><I>Vitruuio comincia dopo una lunga digre$$ione, benche nece$$aria, a trattare del-
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16009 lo Analemma, che &egrave; fondamento della Gnomonica, &amp; non c'in$egna in que$to trat
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16010 tamento di fare alcuno horologio, ma bene ci $euopre la uia, come $i po$$ono formare. Tolo-
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16011 meo fa un trattato dello Analemma: &amp; Federico Commandino molto dottamente lo e$pone, &amp;
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16012 per que$ta, &amp; per altra cagione $e gli deue hauere molte gratie; poi che per utilit&agrave; commune egli
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16013 $i affatica. Io in questo propo$ito ricono$cendo le honoreuolifatiche $ue, la$ciandogli per&ograve; le di
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16014 mo$tr ationi mathematiche, mi sforzer&ograve; quanto per me $i potr&agrave; facilmente dichiarire lo Analem-
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16015 ma, &amp; l'u$o di quello. Ripigliamo adunque da capo la uniuer$ale intentione di Vitr. accioche
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16016 piu facilmente s'intenda quanto $i conuiene di que$ta utile, commoda, &amp; hone$ta operatione. In-
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16017 tende adunque Vitr. trattare della $econda parte principale dell'Architettura, che da i Greci
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16018 Gnomonica &egrave; chiamata. La ragione di que$to nome &egrave; tratta dal Gnomone: &amp; Gnomone uuol di-
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16019 re $quadra, o co$a drizzata a $quadra. Soleuano gli antichi cono$cere le parti del giorno, &amp; le
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16020 hore dalle lunghezze delle ombre gettate nel piano da gli $tili in quello drizzati, &amp; quella cogni-
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16021 tione Gnomonica dal Gnomone denominarono. Perche il Gnomone dimo$tratore delle ombre
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16022 drizzato a $quadra, cio&egrave; ad anguli giu$ti $opra alcun piano daua inditio per uia di ombre delle ho-
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16023 re, perche d'intorno al Gnomone erano di$egnate diuer$e ombre in diuer$i tempi dall'anno, &amp; in
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16024 diuer$e hore del giorno. Que$ta di$egnatione era chiamata da gli antichi, Analemma, qua$i ri-
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16025 pigliamento, perche prima, che $i uenga a fare alcuuo horologio, bi$ogna pigliare in di$egno gli
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16026 effetti, che fa il Sole, &amp; il Gnomone con l'ombra, ne i piani opposti. i quali piani $ono i luo-
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16027 ghi doue $i hanno a fare gli horologi. Que$ta cognitione adunque del cor$o del Sole, &amp; de gli
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16028 effetti nel mondo fatti per li $uoiraggi, per mezo delle ombre gettate dal Gnomone ne i piani de
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16029 gli horologi, $i chiama Gnomonica: &amp; la de$crittione, o di$egno di quelle linee fatte dalla e$tremit&agrave;
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16030 de gli $tili, $i chiama Analemma, &amp; lo $tile drizzato a $quadra $opra i piani, $i chiama Gnomone,
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16031 ouero Schiotir, che uuol dire indagator dell'ombra. come dice Vit. nel primo lib. al Cap. 6. Et $i co
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16032 me nelle maniere di fabricare i T&emacr;pij $i piglia prima il modulo col quale $i mi$ura il tutlo, co$i nel
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16033 formare de gli horologi bi$ogna fare lo Analemma, il quale &egrave; come modulo de gli horologi. Hora
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16034 per piu facile intelligenza dir&ograve; co$a, che bene con$iderata, &amp; appre$a dar&agrave; un lume mirabile al</I>
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16035 <pb n="399">
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16036 <I>pre$ente di$cor$o, &amp; giouer&agrave; in molie altre co$e degne; &amp; $pecialmente nella pro$pettiua, $i co-
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16037 me nel no$tro trattato della $cenographia hauemo chiaramente e$plicato. Appre$$o le figure,
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16038 che $erueno a i matematici, ne ha una, che da quelli &egrave; detta Cono. &amp; perche $appiamo, che figu-
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16039 ra $ia, &amp; come $i faccia, imaginamo un punto, $otto del quale $ia un circolo, &amp; da quel punto
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16040 cada una linea alla circonferenza del circolo, &amp; $tando fermo il punto, la linea $i muoua d'intor
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16041 no alla circonferenza, fin che ritorni al punt o di doue $i mo$$e: dicono, che il Cono $i forma a
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16042 quel modo: &amp; quella figura altri hanno chiamata piramide, benche impropriamente. Sia adun
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16043 que il punto a. &amp; il circolo b c d. &amp; dal punto a. fermo, $i parta la linea a b. &amp; $i giri
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16044 per la circonferenza del circolo b c d. fin che ritorni al punto b. dico, che ella $ormer&agrave; la
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16045 figura predetta, che Cono &egrave; chiamata. Cada poi dal punto a. al punto e. che &egrave; il centro del
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16046 circolo, una linea dritta; que$ta $i chiama a$$e, o perno del Cono. &amp; il punto a. cima, &amp; il
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16047 circolo b c d. ba$a del Cono. da que$to anche $i forma una $uperficie detta Conica: &amp; que$ta
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16048 non &egrave; altro, che una figura fatta di due $operficie oppo$te per la cima del Cono, l'una, &amp; l'altra</I>
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16049 <fig>
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16050 <I>delle quali cre$ce in infinito per la
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16051 de$crittione fatta da una dritta li-
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16052 nea tirata uer$o l'una, &amp; l'altra
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16053 parte. come $i uede nella figura,
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16054 doue la prima $operficie a b c d.
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16055 la oppo$ta per la cima e. e f g.
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16056 le due linee tirate uer$o l'una, &amp;
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16057 l'altra parte $ono c e. f b. che
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16058 imaginiamo andare in infinito, &amp;
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16059 tutta que$ta figuratione &egrave; detta Co-
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16060 nica $operficie. Que$te co$e $iano
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16061 bene mandate a memoria &amp; po$te
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16062 nella imaginatione, perche ci $erui
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16063 ranno mirabilmente al formare lo
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16064 Analemma. La $operficie conica
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16065 adunque puo riceuere diuer$i tagli
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16066 o $ettioni (come $i dica) perche
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16067 puo e$$er tagliata in due parti, per
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16068 dritto lungo l'a$$e, dalla cima al
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16069 ba$$o, &amp; puo anche e$$er tagliata
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16070 altra mente, $e &egrave; tagliata dalla cima al ba$$o lungo l'a$$e, l'apritura di quel taglio $ar&agrave; uno trian-
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16071 golo di dritte linee. Ma $e &egrave; tagliato altrimenti, ouero &egrave; tagliato a trauer$o con uno taglio egual
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16072 mente di$tante alla ba$a. ouero in altro modo $e &egrave; tagliato con un taglio trauer$o egualmente di-
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16073 $tante alla ba$a, l'apritura di quel taglio dimo$trer &agrave; un circolo, $e uer amente il taglio non $i far&agrave;
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16074 per la cima lungo l'a$$e, n&egrave; meno atrauer$o, allhora l'apritura di quel taglio dimo$trer&agrave; una linea
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16075 piegata e torta, la quale da Mathematici &egrave; detta $estione, o taglio conico. Questa $i fa diuer$a-
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16076 mente, &amp; ha diuer$i nomi, come particolarmente ne diremo qui $otto. Et ci $eruiremo della fa-
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16077 cilit&agrave; di Alberto Durero, benche ci $iano, de gli altri modi. Dico adunque, che appre$$o le pre
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16078 dette $estioni, o tagli, ue n'&egrave; uno, che taglia il cono egualmente distante all'a$$e del cono. ne &egrave;
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16079 anche uno, che taglia il cono con un taglio egualmente distante al lato del cono. &amp; finalmente
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16080 un'altro, che taglia il cono a trauer$o, che non toglie co$a alcuna della ba$a del cono, ma bene
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16081 le &egrave; piu uicino in una parte, che nell'altra, le apriture di questi tre tagli dimostrano alcune linee
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16082 piegate, che non $ono circoli, n&egrave; portioni di circoli, &amp; $i chiamano diuer$amente, perche quel
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16083 taglio, che &egrave; egualmente distante all'a$$e fa nell'apritura $ua la linea detta hiperbole, quello, che
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16084 t aglia il cono con un taglio egualmente distante ad un lato del cono, fa nell'apritura $ua una li-</I>
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16085 <pb n="400">
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16086 <I>nea piegata, che &egrave; detta parabole. &amp; in fine il terzo taglio trauer$o fa la linea detta ellip$e. Sia
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16087 adunque il cono a b c d e. Il taglio del quale $ia f g h. egualmente distante al lato del
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16088 cono, dico che'l fondamento, &amp; la pianta del detto cono $ar&agrave; il circolo b c d e. nel centro
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parents:
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16089 a. &amp; la apritura del taglio $ar&agrave; la linea g f h. detta parabole. il che come $i faccia, il Dure
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16090 ro c'in$egna, &amp; dice. Sia diui$o il taglio f g h. in dodici parti eguali, dal punto f. al punto
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16091 h. &amp; $iano apposti i numeri ne i punti delle diui$ioni</I> 1. 2. 3. 4. <I>fin</I> 11. <I>&amp; pa$$ino per li
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16092 punti delle diui$ioni linee dritte egualmente di$tanti alla ba$e del cono, &amp; da gli iste$$i punti cadi
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16093 no linee dritte ad anguli dritti$opra la ba$a del cono, &amp; $ar&agrave; formato il cono con le $ue diui$ioni,
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16094 le quali tutte $i riporteranno nel fondamento, o pianta, che dire uogliamo in questo modo. Fac-
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16095 cia$i un circolo il diametro, del quale $ia la linea b c d e. del cono. &amp; $ia il circolo b c d
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16096 e. il centro del quale $ia a. $ia il circolo b c d e. posto $otto il cono, $i che l'a$$e gli cada
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16097 nel centro a. fin al punto e. di $otto. &amp; $imilmente cadino $opra quel circolo tutte le linee
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16098 egualmente di$tanti all'a$$e i punti delle diui$ioni fatte nel taglio del cono, &amp; $iano $egnate nel fon
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16099 damento le dette linee con le lettere, &amp; con i numeri corri$pondenti alle lettere, &amp; a i numeri $e-
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16100 gnati nel cono g h f.</I> 1 2 3 4. <I>fin</I> 11. <I>Fatto que$to per incontro, bi$ogna tagliare le det
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16101 te linee con proportione, accioche egli $i po$$a formare la linea parabole. il che farai a que$to mo
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16102 do. Piglia dal cono la lunghezza della linea del taglio $egnato</I> 11. <I>dico della linea egualmente di
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16103 $tante alla ba$a del cono, &amp; po$to un piede del compa$$o nel centro a. del fondamento, farai tan
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16104 to di circolo, che tagli la linea $egnata</I> 11. <I>nel fondamento. Il $imile farai riportando dal cono
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16105 nel fondamento tutte le altre linee $egnate con gli altri numeri, fin al punto</I> 1. <I>&amp; a que$to mo-
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16106 do hauerai formato la pianta della parabole. L'apritura della quale $i caua dalla pianta in que-
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16107 $to modo. Piglia dalla pianta la lunghezza della linea g h. &amp; riportala in un piano; &amp; ca-
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16108 da ad anguli giu$ti $opra quella una linea tanto lunga, quanto &egrave; il taglio f g. nel cono. &amp; la ci
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16109 ma $ua $ia f. Parti$ca$i poi la detta linea in tante parti in quante &egrave; diui$a la linea del taglio f g.
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16110 nel cono, &amp; $iano $egnate quelle diui$ioni con i numeri corri$pondenti, &amp; per quelli pa$$ino linee
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16111 egualmente distanti alla linea g h. come uedi. $opra que$te linee egualmente di$tanti $i hanno a
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16112 riportare i tagli proportionati dal fondamento. Et per&ograve; $opra la linea $egnata</I> 11. <I>$i riporta
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16113 dal fondamento la lunghezza $egnata nella linea</I> 11. <I>dalla circonferenza corri$pondente, &amp; il
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16114 $imile $i $a delle altre linee. &amp; finito, che hauerai di $egnare quelle linee proportionate della pa-
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16115 rabola, legherai con una linea tutti quelli punti, &amp; a que$to modo $ar&agrave; formata la parabole,
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16116 come dimo$tra la figura. con quella intelligentia da i tagli, &amp; da i fondamenti delle altre linee po
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16117 trai $olo guardando nella figura cono$cere quanto $i deue fare, per tirare proportionatamente, &amp;
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16118 la hiperbole, &amp; la elli$$e.</I>
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16119 <p><I>Hora perche $i $appia a che fine $iano $tate propo$te que$te figure, io dico, che il Sole girando
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16120 di giorno in giorno manda i raggi $uoi nel Gnomone, la cima del quale imaginaremo, che $ia la ci
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16121 ma del cono, &amp; il circolo, che fa il Sole $ia la ba$a del cono, &amp; i raggi che $i parteno dal corpo
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16122 del Sole $ia quella linea, che girando$i a torno de$criua il cono. $e uorremo ben con$iderare que-
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16123 sto effetto, che fa il Sole con i ragginel Gnomone, uederemo, che egli fa una $uperficie conica,
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16124 perche &egrave; una $uperficie fatta di due $uperficie opposte per la cima del cono, l'una &egrave; dal circolo,
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16125 che fa il Sole fin alla punta del Gnomone, l'altra &egrave; dalla punta del Gnomone in giu nella parte op-
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16126 po$ta, la quale anderebbe in infinito, $e non gli $i oppone$$e un piano. Et perche qne$to piano $e
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16127 gli oppone diuer$amente, &amp; taglia quei raggi della $uperficie conica inferiore, per&ograve; bi$ogna con$i
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16128 derare la propriet&agrave; di que tagli; perche fanno diuer$e linee. Piano intendo il piano $opra il
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16129 qual $i fa l'horologio, il qual piano, hora &egrave; egualmente di$tante dall'Orizonte: come $e uoglia-
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16130 mo fare un horologio in terra piana, hora &egrave; drizzato $opra l'Orizonte, ouero ad anguli dritti, co
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16131 me $ono i muri de gli edificij. Ouero &egrave; piegato come i tetti delle ca$e. &amp; perche questi piani $e-
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16132 guitano la diuer$it&agrave; de gli Orizonti, per&ograve; tagliano diuer$amente la $uper$icie conica. Dal che
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16133 ne na$ce, che l'ombra della cima del Gnomone in detti piani, hora de$criue una linea dritta, hora</I>
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16134 <pb n="401">
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16135 <fig>
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16136 <pb n="402">
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16137 <I>un circolo, hora la parabole, hora la hiperbole, hora la ellip$e. il che come $ia dir&ograve; breuemen-
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16138 te. Il Sole ouero $i truoua nello equinottiale, ouero faori dello equinottionale. Se egli $i truoua
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16139 nello equinottiale, egli caminando d'intorno a quel circolo, &amp; gettando i raggi $uoi nel Gnomo-
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16140 ne, far&agrave; in ogni piano di horologio, che la cima del Gnomone con l'ombra de$criuer&agrave; una linea
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16141 dritta in quel giorno, che egli &egrave; nello equinottiale: &amp; per&ograve; in tutti gli horologi de piani eguali, lo
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16142 equinottiale &egrave; $egnato con una linea dritta. &amp; la ragione &egrave;, perche la cima del Gnomone &egrave; nel pia
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16143 no dello equinottiale, &amp; per&ograve; l'ombre mandate dal Gnomone, non $i partiranno da quello nel tem
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16144 po dello equinottio. Et per&ograve; $aranno terminate dal taglio commune di quel piano dell'horologio,
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16145 &amp; dello equinottiale, come praticando $i cono$cer&agrave; chiaramente. Girando adunque il Sole nello
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16146 equinottiale, &amp; mandando i raggi $uoi alla cima del Gnomone, l'ombra, che uiene dalla detta
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16147 cima de$criuer&agrave; in ogni piano eguale una linea dritta, la quale $ar&agrave; egualmente di$tante al taglio
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16148 commune dello equinottiale, &amp; di quel piano doue $i $tende l'ombra, che &egrave; il piano dell'horolo-
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16149 gio. Ma perche il Sole per lo mouimento del primo cielo fa ogni giorno un circolo egualmente di
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16150 $tante dallo equinottiale, &amp; per lo obliquo $uo mouimento s'allentana dallo equinottiale: per&ograve;
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16151 non e$$endo eglinell'equinoltiale puo auuenire, che il piano, $opra il quale &egrave; mandata l'ombra dal-
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16152 la cima del Gnomone $i tagli con quel circolo, per lo quale il Sole $i gira. &amp; puo anche e$$ere,
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16153 che non $i tagli. Imaginiamo, che il Sole ogni giorno $alendo, &amp; girando la$ci nel cielo i ue$ti-
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16154 gij del $uo camino come di fuoco, &amp; de$criua un circolo. que$to circolo ouero $ar&agrave; tutto $opra
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16155 terra, ouero parte $otto, &amp; parte di $opra. Se $ar&agrave; parte di $otto, &amp; parte di $opra, il che non
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16156 &egrave; altro, che tagliare il piano dell'horologio, allhora la e$tremit&agrave; dell'ombra del Gnomone de$cri-
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16157 uer&agrave; nel piano la hiperbole. ma $e quel circolo $ar&agrave; tutto di $opra, ouero toccher&agrave; il piano, oue-
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16158 ro non lo toccher&agrave;. Se lo toccher&agrave; l'ombra del Gnomone, de$criuer&agrave; nel piano la linea dettapa
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16159 rabole. Se non lo toccher&agrave; ouero al piano dello horologio $ar&agrave; egualmente di$tante, ouero n&ograve;.
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16160 Se $ar&agrave; egualmente di$tante, l'ombra de$criuer&agrave; nel piano un circolo. $e non $ar&agrave; egualmente di-
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16161 $tante, ma piu uicino in una parte, che nell'altra, l'ombra della cima del Gnomone de$criuer&agrave;
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16162 nel piano la linea ellip$e. n&egrave; ci deue sbigottire la nouit&agrave; di que$ti uocaboli, quando $ia in poter no
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16163 $tro intendere molto bene le co$e con e$$empi materiali, per&ograve; e$$orto, che con i circoli della $pera
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16164 $i proui quanto ho detto, ponendogli $opra qualche piano con quelle portioni, che $tanno $opra di-
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16165 uer$i Orizonti, &amp; drizzando il Gnomone, che nella cima habbia una orecchia mobile, per la qua
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16166 le po$$i pa$$are un filo di ferro $ottile, il quale po$$i peruenire alle circonferenze de i circoli della
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16167 $pera, &amp; girar$i $tando il ferro nella cima del Gnomone dentro l'orecchia. come uedi nella $otto-
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16168 po$ta figura. doue a. &egrave; la cima del Gnomone, con la $ua orecchia b c d. il circolo $opra la</I>
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16169 <fig>
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16170 <I>terra, per il quale c'imaginiamo, che il Sole ca
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16171 mini &egrave; f. il filo di ferro, che pa$$a per l'orec-
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16172 chia del Gnomone, che imaginiamo, che $ia il
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16173 raggio del Sole. &amp; $ia il Sole nel punto e. cer
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16174 to &egrave;, che l'ombra del Gnomone peruenir&agrave; al
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16175 punto f. $ia adunque fatto iui un punto. &amp;
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16176 moua$i il Sole, &amp; peruenga al punto h. &amp; $i
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16177 milmente $ia po$to al punto e. del fil di ferro
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16178 in h. certo &egrave; che la punta f. toccher&agrave; un'al
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16179 tro punto nel piano, &amp; $ia quello</I> 1. <I>$eguitan
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16180 do poi nel punto</I> K. <I>del circolo, &amp; ponendo
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16181 iui il Sole, &amp; la punta del ferro e. $i toccher&agrave;
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16182 il piano dall'altra punta in l. &amp; accortando$i
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16183 l'ombra piu, che il Sole s'innalza, &amp; $eguitan
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16184 do lo i$te$$o ordine ponendo il Sole in diuer$e par
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16185 ti di quel circolo come in m o q. $i di$egne-</I>
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16186 <pb n="403">
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16187 <I>ranno diuer$i punti nel piano i quali legati in$ieme faranno le antedette linee, $econdo il $ito di
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16188 que circoli, &amp; la diuer$it&agrave; de i tagli del piano. Gettati que$ti fondamenti, &amp; bene con$iderati
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16189 potremo $icuramente andare alla de$crittione dello Analemma, &amp; perche nella de$crittione de
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16190 gli Analemmi ci $ono alcuni circoli, che $ono communi, alcuni proprij: dir&ograve; quali $iano, &amp; co-
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16191 me s'intendino, &amp; che o$ficij habbino. Per&ograve; per ragionarne con quella facilit&agrave;, che $i puo mag
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16192 giore: dico, che ognuno da $e s'imagini di $tare in piedi nel mezo d'una campagna larghi$$ima ha
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16193 uendo gli occhi uolti drittamente al mezo d&igrave;, &amp; $tia con le mani in croce: certo &egrave; che la $ini$tra
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16194 dimo$trer&agrave; il Leuante, la de$tra il Ponente, et dietro alle $palle hauer&agrave; la Tramontana: imaginia-
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16195 mo, che quel piano doue egli $ta dritto nel mezo, $i e$tenda d'intorno tanto, che peruenghi alla
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16196 circon$erenza del cielo, certo &egrave;, che egli diuider&agrave; il mondo in due parti eguali, &amp; l'una parte $a
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16197 r&agrave; di $opra quel piano, &amp; l'altra $otto. Que$to piano adunque $i chiama Orizonte, cio&egrave; termi-
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16198 natore, perche termina gli hemi$peri, &amp; diuide quello, che &egrave; $opra da quello, che &egrave; $otto. Ima-
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16199 ginian o poi un'altro piano circolare, che la $ua circonferenza cominci dalla $ini$tra al punto di
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16200 Leuante, &amp; ci uenga al punto, che ci $ta $opra la te$ta, peruenga alla de$tra al punto di Ponente,
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16201 &amp; pa$$ando di $otto per lo punto, che $ta oppo$to al punto, che ci $ta $opra la te$ta, fin che giu-
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16202 gna al punto di Leuante, doue cominci&ograve;: que$to piano $i chiama uerticale, la cui propriet&agrave; &egrave; di $e
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16203 parare la parte Settentrionale dalla parte del mezo d&igrave;, come l'Orizonte partiua la parte di $otto
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16204 da quella di $opra. Imaginiamo finalmente, che dalla parte doue $ono uolti gli occhi, dal punto
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16205 dell'Orizonte $i leui la circonferenza d'un'altro piano, &amp; pa$$i per lo punto, che ci $ta$opra il ca
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16206 po, &amp; cada a Tramontana al piano dell'Orizonte dietro le no$tre $palle, &amp; giri$otto la terra fin
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16207 che ritorni al luogo doue $i mo$$e, que$to circolo $i chiama Meridiano, la cui propriet&agrave; &egrave; di $epa-
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16208 rare la parte di Leuante, da quella di Ponente. Que$ti tre piani circolari Orizonte, Verticale,
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16209 &amp; Meridiano $i tagliano in$ieme con anguli giusti; l'Orizonte col Meridiano $i taglia ne i punti
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16210 e$tremi dell'Orizonte dinanzi, &amp; di dietro a noi: l'Orizonte col uerticale $i taglia ne i punti di Le
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16211 uante, &amp; di Ponente dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra: il Verticale col Meridiano $i taglia ne i puu-
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16212 ti oppo$ti, de i quali uno ci $ta $opra la te$ta, l'altro nella parte di $otto all'hemi$pero. Que$te
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16213 imaginationi $ono facili, &amp; qua$i $en$ibili, &amp; $i fanno per ponere certi termini, da i quali par-
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16214 tendo$i, ouero a i quali uicinando$i il Sole $appiamo dargli il $uo $ito per uedere, che effetti egli
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16215 faccia con i raggi$uoi dando ne i Gnomoni, &amp; mutando l'ombre di tempo in tempo, &amp; d'hora in
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16216 hora. Hanno i marinari le i$te$$e, o $imili imaginationi nelle diui$ioni de i uenti, &amp; nel drizza-
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16217 re de i lor uiaggi. Hauendo noi adunque inte$o gli officij, &amp; le propriet &agrave; di que$ti tre piani circo
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16218 lari, &amp; $apendo$i a che fine $ono imaginati, cono$ceremo, che tuttitre $ono nece$$arij, &amp; com-
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16219 muni nelle de$crittioni di tutti gli Analemmi per la fermezza, &amp; $tabilit&agrave; de i termini, che
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16220 hanno. Oltra di que$to &egrave; da $apere, che $i come que$ti tre piani $i tagliano ad anguli dritti,
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16221 co$i i loro diametri imaginati $i tagliano ad anguli dritti, nel centro del mondo. Et
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16222 qui due co$e $ono da e$$er con$iderate con merauiglia. L'una &egrave; che non $i puo ritrouare
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16223 piu di tre linee, o diametri, che cadino a $quadra in un punto l'una $opra l'altra: &amp;
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16224 per que$ta ragione, $i pigliano i tre predetti piani con i loro diametri nelle de$crittioni de gli Ana-
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16225 lemmi, come co$e determinate: l'altra co$a &egrave;, che la diuina prouidentia con diuina proportione
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16226 ha po$to il Sole in $ito, &amp; di$tanzatanto conueniente, che gli in$trumenti, de i quali l'huomo $i
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16227 $erue per mi$urare le co$e del cielo, $enza notabile diuer$it&agrave; ci pre$tano quell'u$o come l'huomo fn$
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16228 $e nel centro del mondo: co$i imaginiamo, che la punta del Gnomone $ia nel centro del mondo.
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16229 Ma torniamo al propo$ito. Di que$ti diametri adunque il taglio, che fa l'Orizonte col Meridiano, $i
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16230 chiama $estione o taglio Meridiano. &amp; quello, che fa il Meridiano col Verticale, $i chiama Gno-
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16231 mone per la detta ragione: ma quel taglio, che fa l'Orizonte col Verticale, $i chiama $estione equi
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16232 nottiale, perche iui $i tagliano l'Orizonte, il Verticale, &amp; l'Equinottiale, che $ono tutti tre de i
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16233 circoli maggiori della $pera. Que$te con$iderationi adunque, con quelle de i tagli del cono ci da-
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16234 ranno le regole di fare gli horologi in qualunque piano, con qual $i uoglia $orte di hore, uolti in</I>
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16235 <foot><I>GGG</I></foot>
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16236 <pb n="404">
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16237 <I>che parte ci piaccia, perche de i piani, $opra i quali $i de$criueno gli horologi, altri $ono egual-
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16238 mente di$tanti all'Orizonte, altri dritti a $quadra $opra l'Orizonte, altri piegati, &amp; pen-
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16239 denti. Similmente alcuni $ono uolti alli quattro uenti principali, altri declinano dalle
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16240 facciate, alcuni anchora $ono ueramente piani, &amp; eguali, alcuni torti, concaui, conue$$i,
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16241 o in altro modo formati. Parimente ad alcuni piace di $egnare le hore de gli antichi, che crano
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16242 in ogni giorno dodici. ad altri dilettano le hore dette A$tronomiche, che cominciano dal mezo d&igrave;.
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16243 Sono altre genti, che uogliono l'hore dal tramontar, altri dal leuar del Sole. &amp; &egrave; in poter di
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16244 ognuno, che $appia le ragioni, cominciare doue gli piace, o da terza, o da ue$pro il $uo giorno. lo
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16245 la$cio ad altri la cura di fare gli in$trumenti da pigliare le facc&igrave;ate, le declinationi, &amp; le inclina-
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16246 tioni de i piani, perche que$to hoggi mai &egrave; manife$to ad ognuno mediocremente ammae$trato per
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16247 la commodit&agrave; del bo$$olo. Veniamo adunque a Vitruuio, &amp; ricordandoci delle co$e dette, for-
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16248 miamo lo Analemma. Dice adunque Vitruuio; che egli uuole $eparare dallaragione di quegli
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16249 $tudi, che abbracciano le natiuit&agrave; de gli huomini, &amp; che predicono le $orti humane, la ragione de
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16250 gli horologi, &amp; e$plicare le breuit&agrave;, &amp; le lunghezze de i giorni di me$e in me$e. Per intelligen-
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16251 za delle quali co$e, $i deue imaginare, che quando il Sole &egrave; nel principio del Montone, o della Bi-
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16252 lancia, egli $i lieua al uero punto di Leuante, &amp; $i corca al uero punto di Ponente, &amp; in quel
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16253 mezo, che egli ua da Leuante a Ponente, egli s'inalza a poco a poco fin al mezo d&igrave;. &amp; dal me-
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16254 zo d&igrave; uer$o Ponente egualmente $i abba$$a, &amp; $e egli la$cia$$e in quel d&igrave; nel cielo un'orma ui$ibi-
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16255 le del $uo cor$o come l'arco cele$te, egli $i uederebbe $opra l'Orizonte un mezo circolo, il quale $i
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16256 chiama equinottiale, &amp; l'altro mezo circolo $ta $otto l'Orizonte. hora perche neltempo del me
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16257 zo d&igrave;, $econdo la diuer$it&agrave; de gli Orizonti il Sole ad altri &egrave; piu alto, ad altri &egrave; piu ba$$o, per&ograve;
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16258 l'ombra de i Gnomoni $ar&agrave; diuer$amente proportionata a i Gnomoni $econdo l'altezza, o ba$$ezza
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16259 del Sole nel mezo d&igrave; al tempo dello equinottio; perche quanto il Sole &egrave; piu alto, tanto minore &egrave;
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16260 l'ombra del Gnomone drizzato $opra il piano dell'Orizonte, &amp; quanto &egrave; piu ba$$o tanto $i fa piu
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16261 lunga l'ombra nel detto piano. Ma quando &egrave; giu$to tra'l punto dell'Orizonte nel taglio Meridia-
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16262 no, &amp; il punto, che ci sta $opra la te$ta, le lunghezze dell'ombre $ono pari al Gnomone. per&ograve;
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16263 chi pote$$e mi$urare l'ombra in quel tempo, che'l Sole &egrave; alto gradi quar antacinque, che &egrave; la met&agrave;
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16264 della quarta tra'l punto, che ci $oprasta, &amp; l'Orizonte, egli trouarebbe, che le co$e, che fanno
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16265 l'ombra $arebbeno pari all'ombra. di que$ti auuertimenti hoggi mai ne $ono piene le carte, per&ograve;
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16266 torniamo a Vitruuio il qual dice.</I>
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16267 <p>Ma noi da quelli $tudi co$i deuemo $eparare la ragione de gli horologi, &amp; e$plicare le
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16268 breuit&agrave;, &amp; le lunghezze de i giorni di me$e in me$e, imperoche il Sole al tempo dello equi
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16269 nottio raggirando$i nel Montone, o nella Bilancia di noue parti del Gnomone otto ne
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16270 fa di ombra, in quella inclinatione, che &egrave; a Roma. Et in Athene tre parti $ono dell'om-
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16271 bra di quattro del Gnomone, ma a Rhodi a $ette cinque ri$pondeno: a Taranto noue ad
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16272 undici, <I>i</I>n Ale$$andria tre a einque, &amp; co$i in tutti gli altri luoghi altre ombre equinottia-
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16273 li ad altro modo per natura $i truouano $eparate.
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16274 <p><I>Diuer$e $ono le lunghezze delle ombre al tempo dell'equinottio nel mezo d&igrave; $econdo la diuer$a
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16275 inclinatione del cielo. per inclinatione Vitru. intende il ri$petto, che ha il polo $opra l'Orizonte
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16276 ouero la eleuatione dello equmottiale o latitudine, che $i dica, &amp; di$tanza dal punto, che ci $ta
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16277 $opra la te$ta, perche quanto piu l'huomo $i parte dalla linea equinottiale, tanto piu $e gli leua il
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16278 polo, &amp; abba$$a la linea. come $i uede nella $otto$critta figura doue $e poneremo la linea <19>
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16279 $otto il punto q. che &egrave; il punto che $ta $opra la te$ta, i poli c. &amp; f. $aranno nel labro dell'Ori
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16280 zonte. $egnato g h. ma $e poneremo il punto <19> $otto il numero</I> 10. <I>uederemo, che il polo c.
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16281 $ar&agrave; $opra l'Orizonte leuato al numero</I> 10. <I>che uuole dire dieci gradi, che tanti $ono apunto,
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16282 quanti il punto, che $opra$ta, &egrave; di$co$to dall'equinottiale. diuer$e adunque $ono le inclmationi del
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16283 cielo, $econdo la diuer$it&agrave; de gli Orizonti. A Roma adunque, $e il Gnomone $ar&agrave; di noue parti,
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16284 o palmi, o d'altra mi$ura, l'ombra, che egli far&agrave; nel mezo d&igrave; al tempo dello equinottio $ar&agrave; lunga</I>
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16285 <pb n="405">
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16286 <fig>
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16287 <I>otto parti, o palmi, $e uuoi che $iano palmi. Ma in
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16288 Athene, perche Athene sta in altra inclinatione, $e'l
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16289 Gnomone $ar&agrave; di quattro parti, l'ombra $ar&agrave; di tre. con
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16290 la i$te$$a ragione in Ale$$andria, &amp; a Rodi, &amp; in al-
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16291 tri luoghi uanno uariando le ombre Meridiane al tem-
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16292 po de gli equinottij. dal che anche $i puo $apere a chi
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16293 $i leua il Sole piu alto $ul mezo d&igrave;, perche proportio-
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16294 nando$i le ombre al Gnomone, dalla proportione del-
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16295 l'ombra al Gnomone $i fa l'altezza. Ecco l'ombra del
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16296 Gnomoue in Athene &egrave; minore un terzo del Gnomone,
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16297 &amp; in Roma un'ottauo, &amp; perche quanto il Sole &egrave; piu
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16298 alto, tanto l'ombra dritta &egrave; minore, per&ograve; $i conclude,
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16299 che il Sole $ia piu alto in Athene $ul mezo d&igrave; al tempo
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16300 dello eqninottio, che a Roma; &amp; tanto piu alto quan-
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16301 to &egrave; l'ombra minore d'una $ub$e$quiterza dell'ombra
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16302 d'una $ub$b$quiottaua.</I>
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16303 <p>Et per&ograve; in ogni luogo, che noi uorremo fare
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16304 gli horologi, douemo pigliare l'ombra equi&mdash;
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16305 nottiale.
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16306 <p><I>Comincia Vitr. ad in$egnarci, come $i habbia a fare lo Analemma; &amp; perche un $olo Ana-
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16307 lemma non ci puo $eruire per tutto, $e non quanto apartiene a quelli circoli, che $ono communi a
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16308 tutti gli Analemmi (come io ho detto di $opra) perche $ono differenti le ombre equinottiali; pe-
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16309 r&ograve; ne piglia uno, che c'in$egna di $are quello, che $erue a Roma. dando prima una regola genera
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16310 le, che in qualunque luogo uolemo fare gli horologi, bi$ogna auuertire all'ombra equinottiale,
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16311 &amp; intende di quell'ombra, che $i fa $ul mezo d&igrave; dal Gnomone al tempo dell'equinottio, perche
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16312 dalla detta ombra $i piglia anche la ragione dell'ombra Meridiana fatta, quando il Sole entra in al
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16313 tri $egni, come ci $ar&agrave; manife$to qui $otto.</I>
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16314 <p>Et $e $aranno, come &egrave; a Roma, noue le parti del Gnomone, &amp; otto le parti dell'om-
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16315 bra, egli $i far&agrave; nel piano una linea dritta, $opra la quale ne cadera un'altra a $quadra, che $i
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16316 chiama Gnomone, &amp; dalla linea del piano da piedi del Gnomone $i mi$urano noue $patij
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16317 fin alla cima, &amp; doue termina la nona parte in $u quel punto $i faccia il centro con la lette-
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16318 ra. a. &amp; aperta la $e$ta da quel centro alla linea del piano a piedi del Gnomone doue $ar&agrave;
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16319 la lettera. b. $i faccia un circolo, che $i chiama il Meridiano. Dapoi delle noue parti,
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16320 che $ono dal piano alla cima del Gnomone, la doue &egrave; il centro $e ne pigliano otto, le qua
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16321 li $i $egnano dal piede del Gnomone $opra la linea del piano, doue &egrave; la lettera. o. que$to
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16322 termine $ar&agrave; dell'ombra Meridiana equinottiale del Gnomone, &amp; da quel $egno doue
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16323 &egrave; la lettera. c. per lo centro. a. $ia tirata una linea doue $er&agrave; il raggio equinottia&mdash;
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16324 le del Sole.
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16325 <p><I>Lo Analemma per Roma $i fa in que$to modo. prima egli $i tira una linea in un piano, la qua-
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16326 le non &egrave; Orizonte, ma &egrave; quel piano $opra lo quale &egrave; drizzato il Gnomone, &amp; &egrave; il piano dell'horo-
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16327 logio egualmente di$tante all'Orizonte: $opra quella linea del piano $i drizza il Gnomone di quel-
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16328 la grandezza, che l'huomo uuole, poi $i fa centro la cima del Gnomone, &amp; allargata la $e$ta
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16329 quanto &egrave; lungo il Gnomone, $i fa un circolo, che rappre$enta il Meridiano, $opra il quale
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16330 s'imagina, che $ia il Sole nel mezo d&igrave; al tempo dello equinottio. Hauemo dunque fin hora il
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16331 piano, doue batte l'ombra, il Gnomone, che fa l'ombra, &amp; il Meridiano, nel quale $i ha da ritro-
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16332 uare il Sole. Bi$ogna poi pigliare la lunghezza dell'ombra, il che $i fa in que$to modo (parlando
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16333 della inclinatione di Roma) $apendo$i, che di noue parti, nelle quali &egrave; diui$o il Gnomone, otto $i
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16334 danno all'ombra, $i partir&agrave; il Gnomone in noue parti, &amp; dal piede $uo lungo la linea del piano</I>
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16335 <foot><I>GGG</I> 2</foot>
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16336 <pb n="406">
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16337 <I>$e ne poneranno otto, &amp; tanto $ar&agrave; la lunghezza dell'ombra meridiana al tempo dello equinot-
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16338 tio nella inclinatione di Roma. dapoi dal termine dell'ombra nel piano $i tirer&agrave; una linea alla ci-
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16339 ma del Gnomone, la quale peruenghi al Meridiano, &amp; la doue quella linea toccher&agrave; la cincon$e
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16340 renza del Meridiano, c'imaginaremo, che $ia il Sole al tempo dello equinottio nel mezo di quella
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16341 linea, per que$ta cagione $i chiama raggio equinottiale, perche rappre$enta il raggio equinottia
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16342 le Meridiano, &amp; termina la lunghezza dell'ombra.</I>
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16343 <fig>
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16344 <p>Allhora allargando la $e$ta dal centro alla linea del piano $ia $egnato con egual di$tan-
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16345 tia dalla $ini$tra doue &egrave; la lettera. e. &amp; dalla de$tra doue &egrave; ia lettera i. nell'ultimo giro
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16346 del circolo, &amp; per lo centro $ia tirata una linea in modo, che $i facciano due eguali $emi-
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16347 circoli; que$ta linea da i Mathematici &egrave; detta Orizonte.
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16348 <p><I>Poteua dire in due parole quello, che ha detto in molte, cio&egrave; uolendo formare l'Orizonte tira
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16349 uno diametro, che pa$$i per la cima del Gnomone, &amp; $ia egualmente di$tante alla linea del piano.
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16350 auuertirai nella figura, che la lettera e. &amp; i. per inauuertenza della $tampa deueno e$$er mu
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16351 tate. imperoche la e. deue e$$ere doue &egrave; la i. &amp; la i. doue &egrave; la e.</I>
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16352 <p>Dapoi egli $i deue pigliare la quintadecima parte di tutta la circonferenza, &amp; la doue il
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16353 raggio equinottiale taglia il Meridiano, doue $ara la lettera f. iui $i ha da ponere la $e$ta,
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16354 &amp; $egnare dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra, doue $ono le lettere g. &amp; h. &amp; poi da que$ti
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16355 punti, &amp; per lo centro $i hanno a tirare le linee fino alla linea del piano, doue $ono le let-
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16356 tere r. &amp; t. &amp; a que$to modo $ar&agrave; il raggio del Sole uno della $tate; &amp; l'altro del
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16357 uerno.
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16358 <pb n="407">
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16359 <p><I>Vitruuio uuole porre nel $uo analemma il raggio del Sol$titio, &amp; della bruma, che $ono gli
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16360 e$tremi del cor$o del Sole, &amp; troua que$ti per la maggior declinatione del Sole, laquale egli fa di
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16361 parti uentiquattro, che &egrave; la quintadecima di tutto il meridiano, che s'intende e$$er diui$o in
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16362 parti trecento &amp; $e$$anta. la cui quintadecima &egrave; uentiquattro; ma i po$teriori hanno trouato il
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16363 maggior appartamento del Sole, che chiamano declinatione, e$$ere di gradi uentitre &amp; mezo.
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16364 quello, che Tolomeo trou&ograve; di parti uentitre, minuti cinquanta uno, &amp; $econde uenti. po$to adun
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16365 que il piede della $esta la doue il raggio equinottiale taglia il meridiano doue &egrave; la lettera f. con
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16366 la larghezza della quintadecima parte $i fanno i punti de i tropici di qu&agrave;, &amp; di l&agrave; della lettera
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16367 f. nel meridiauo, &amp; $i $egna da una parte g. &amp; dall'altra h. &amp; poi $i tirano da i detti punti
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16368 le lince, che pa$$ano per lo centro, che &egrave; la cima del gnomone, lequali deono peruenire alla linea
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16369 del piano da una parte, &amp; alla circonferenza del meridiano dall'altra. di que$te linee una rappre
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16370 $enta il raggio meridiano, quando il Sole entra nel Cancro, &amp; l'altra il raggio meridiano, quando
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16371 il Sole entra nel Capricorno. &amp; per&ograve; una &egrave; detta raggio della $tate, &amp; l'altra raggio del uerno.
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16372 del raggio della $tate l'ombra $ar&agrave; b r. &amp; del raggio del uerno l'ombra $ar&agrave; b t. tra questi
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16373 termini &egrave; rinchiu$a la declinatione del Sole. Hora ueniremo a ritrouare i raggi, &amp; le ombre
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16374 fatte $ul mezo d&igrave;, quando il Sole entra ne gli altri $egni: ma prima pone nello Analemma l'a$-
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16375 $e del mondo.</I>
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diff changeset
16376 <p>Incontra la lettera e. $ar&agrave; la lettera i. doue la linea, che pa$$a perllo centro tocca la
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16377 circonferenza. &amp; contra g &amp; h. $aranno le lettere k. &amp; l. &amp; contra c. &amp; f. &amp; a.
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diff changeset
16378 $ar&agrave; la lettera n. allhora poi $i deono tirare i diametri da g. ad l. &amp; da h. a k. &amp; quel
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diff changeset
16379 diametro che $ar&agrave; di $otto $ar&agrave; della parte e$tiua, &amp; quello, che $ar&agrave; di $opra $ar&agrave; della
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16380 parte del uerno.
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16381 <p><I>I termini dell'Orizonte $ono e &amp; i. i termini de i tropici g &amp; h. che deono e$$er con-
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16382 giunti con linee alla parte opposta ne i punti K &amp; l. &amp; quelle linee Vitru. chiama diametri,
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diff changeset
16383 perche hanno ad e$$ere diametri de i loro circoli, come $i ueder&agrave;. per&ograve; dice.</I>
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diff changeset
16384 <p>Que$ti diametri $i deono partire egualmente nel mezo doue $aranno le lettere m. &amp;
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16385 o. &amp; iui $i deono notare i centri, &amp; per quelli, &amp; per lo centro $i deue tirare una linea
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16386 alla e$trema circonferenza, doue $aranno le lettere p &amp; q. que$ta linea cader&agrave; dritta-
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16387 mente $opra il raggio equinottiale, &amp; per ragioni Matematiche que$ta linea $ar&agrave; chiama-
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16388 to A$$e. &amp; da gli i$te$si centri allargata la $e$ta alle e$tremit&agrave; de i diametri, $i de$criuino
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16389 due $emicircoli, de i quali uno $ar&agrave; per la parte della $tate, l'altro per la parte del uerno.
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16390 <p><I>Ecco che a poco a poco Vitruuio ci rappre$enta la $phera con tutti i circoli nece$$arij allo
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16391 Analemma. E adunque l'a$$e, &amp; il perno del mondo q m a o p. il tropico del Cancro $o-
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16392 pra il diametro r o K. il tropico del Capricorno $opra il diametro g m l. il raggio dello
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16393 equinottiale c f a n. l'Orizonte e a i. il meridiano f q n p.</I>
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16394 <p>Dapoi in quelle punti, doue le linee egualmente di$tanti tagliano quella linea, che &egrave;
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16395 chiamata Orizonte, nella piu de$tra parte $ar&agrave; la lettera s. nella piu $ini$tra la lettera u.
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16396 <p><I>Cioe doue i diametri de i tropici tagliano l'Orizonte $ia $egnato s. da una parte, &amp; u dal
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16397 l'altra, &amp; quiui $i deue auuertire, che quelli tagli dimostrano qu&atilde;ta circonfer&emacr;za di quelli circoli
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16398 sta $opra l'Orizonte, &amp; quanta $ta di $otto, dalche $i comprende la lunghezza del giorno mag-
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16399 giore, &amp; del minore, che $ia in quella inclinatione, per laquale $i far&agrave; l'horologio.</I>
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16400 <p>Et dalla de$tra parte di uno $emicircolo, doue &egrave; la lettera g. bi$ogna tirare una linea
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16401 egualmente di$tante allo a$$e, fin al $ini$tro $emicircolo, doue &egrave; la lettera. h. &amp; que$ta
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16402 linea $i chiama lacotomus.
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16403 <p><I>Cio&egrave; linea, che parti$ce o taglia la larghezza, ouero la profondit&agrave;, imperoche ella ua da uno
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16404 tropico all'altro, et abbraccia tutto lo $pacio della declinatione, ouero apartamento del Sole dallo
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16405 equinottiale, nel quale $patio hanno a stare i raggi del Sole di me$e in me$e.</I>
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16406 <p>Et allhora $i deue ponere il centro del compa$$o, doue quella linea egualmente di$tan-
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16407 <pb n="408">
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16408 te allo a$$e &egrave; tagliata dal raggio equinottiale, doue &egrave; la lettera x. &amp; $i deue allargare $in
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16409 doue il raggio e$tiuo taglia la circonferenza, doue &egrave; la lettera h. &amp; dal centro equinot-
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16410 tiale allo $pacio e$tiuo $i faccia la circonferenza del circolo men$ale, ilquale &egrave; detto Mo-
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16411 nacho. &amp; a que$to modo $ar&agrave; formato lo Analemma.
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16412 <p><I>La linea della larghezza detta lacotomus, &egrave; diametro di quel circolo, dalquale $i trouano i
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16413 raggi meridiani di me$e in me$e, ilquale &egrave; detto monachus. &amp; io pen$o che uoglia dire Minachos,
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16414 come quello, che conteng a i raggi meridiani di me$e in me$e. altri lo hanno chiamato mini<*>us,
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16415 che Vitr. dice men$truo, &amp; io ho detto men$ale. que$to circolo adunque $i fa mettendo il piedi
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16416 del compa$$o doue la linea della larghezza detta lacotomus taglia il raggio meridiano equinot-
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16417 tiale, &amp; allargandolo ad uno de i punti della maggior declinatione, ouero appartamento del So-
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16418 le dallo equinottiale. Que$to circolo $i diuide in dodici parti egu<*>li, $e uogliamo $olamente i
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16419 raggi meridiani di $egno in $egno, perche uolendo i raggi meridiani del mezo de i $egni, o di dieci
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16420 in dieci gradi, o piu o meno, bi$ogner&agrave; partire il detto circolo in piu parti $econdo il propo$ito
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16421 no$tro. Diui$o adunque il detto circolo in dodici parti, $i deue tirare per cia$cuna diui$ione corri-
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16422 $pondente a i diametri de gli altri $egni, alla circonferenza del meridiano, egualmente di$tanti al-
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16423 li diametri de i tropici, &amp; doue quelli diametri toccheranno il meridiano, iui $aranno i punti, da
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16424 i quali per la cima del Gnomone $i tireranno le linee, &amp; i raggi fin alla linea del piano, &amp; in que-
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16425 sto modo $ar&agrave; formato lo Analemma.</I>
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16426 <p>Dapoi che haueremo de$critto lo Analemma con la $ua dichiaratione, o per le linee del
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16427 uerno, o per le linee e$tiue, o per le equinottiali, o per le di me$e in me$e: Allhora $i deo-
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16428 no di$egnare le ragioni delle hore da gli Analemmi. &amp; in quel ca$o ci $aranno molte ua-
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16429 riet&agrave;, &amp; maniere di horologi, &amp; con que$te artificio$e ragioni $aranno de$critte.
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16430 <p><I>Non $olamente da i raggi equinottiali egli $i puo cominciare a fare gli analemmi, ma da qua-
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16431 lunque altro raggio di $egno. perche $e egli $i piglia il raggio e$tiuo, o quello del uerno, nella $ua
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16432 altezza meridiana, egli $i $a, che il raggio equinottiale &egrave; lontano da quelli gradi uenti tre, &amp;
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16433 mezo, &amp; $apendo$i la declinatione d'ogni raggio dallo equinottiale, $i puo facilmente da un
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16434 raggio ponere gli altri.</I>
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16435 <p>Ma di tutte le $igure, &amp; de$crittioni di tutte quelle uariet&agrave;, &egrave; un $olo cffetto, cio&egrave; che
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16436 il giorno equinottiale, il brumale, &amp; il Sol$titio $ia partito in dodici parti.
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16437 <p><I>Vitruuio chiaramente dimo$tra in questo luogo, che gli antichi u$auano di partire il giorno o
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16438 lungo, o breue che egli fu$$e, in dodici parti: per&ograve; faceuano gli horologi con questa intentione,
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16439 di dimo$trare le dodici parti del giorno. ilche anche $i caua dalle $acre lettere, doue $i dice, in-
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16440 terrogando: non $ono dodici le hore del giorno? queste hore $i chiamauano chicrich&egrave;, &amp; mira-
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16441 uano al dominio de i pianeti in quelle hore: &amp; altri le hanno dette hore planetarie, altri hore in
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16442 eguali. ma la$ciamo i nomi, &amp; uegnamo alle co$e. Di tutte adunque le figure, &amp; de$crittioni di
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16443 tutte quelle uariet&agrave; &egrave; un $olo effetto. ma di quali uariet&agrave; intende Vitru. $e una $ola $orte di hore $i
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16444 pone? Ri$pondo, che $e bene u$auano una $orte di hore la uariet&agrave; na$ceua da i piani, ne i quali $i
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16445 formauano gli horologi, &amp; dalle figure, che piaceuano ad alcuni inuentori; come dir&agrave; Vitr. nel
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16446 $eguente capo. ma come dallo Analemma $i caui que$to $olo effetto, che egli dice, cio&egrave;, che il gior-
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16447 no equinottiale, quello del uerno, che egli dice brumale, &amp; quello della $tate, che egli chiama
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16448 Sol$titio, $ia partito in dodici parti dir&ograve; distintamente, poi che hauer&ograve; udito la e$cu$atione di Vit.</I>
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16449 <p>Lequali co$e non impaurito dalla pigritia ho la$<*>iato a dietro, ma perche $criuendo io
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16450 molte co$e non offende$$e. Ma $olamente e$poner&ograve;, da chi $ono $tate ritrouate molte $or-
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16451 ti, &amp; molte de$crittioni di horologi: n&egrave; hora io po$$o ritrouarne altre da me, n&egrave; mi pare
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16452 conueniente, che io debbia u$urpare quelle de gli altri, &amp; attribuirle a me: &amp; per&ograve; io dir&ograve;
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16453 que$te co$e, che ci $ono $tate la$ciate, &amp; da chi $ono $tate ritrouate.
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16454 <p><I>Ecco la modestia grande di Vitr. &amp; la candidezza dell'animo $uo, dallaquale $ono molti mol
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16455 to lontani a i d&igrave; nostri: ne i quali uedemo tanti quadranti, raggi, anella, regole, cilindri, horo$co-</I>
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16456 <pb n="409">
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16457 <I>pi, planisferi, torqueti, hemicicli, balle, horologi, &amp; in$trumenti, che gia tante centinaia d'anni
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16458 $ouo $tate ritrouate, &amp; pure con nuoui argomenti, &amp; titoli, &amp; aggiunte di poca importanza $i
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16459 danno in luce, come proprie, &amp; non piu imaginate da altri: &amp; tant'oltre &egrave; andata la inuidia,
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16460 ouero la $uperbia di alcuni, che $e bene hanno inte$o mirabilmente le ragioni delle co$e, per&ograve;
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diff changeset
16461 $tudio$amente hanno uoluto con o$curi modi, &amp; uie intricate dimo$tr are ouero adombrare per dir
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16462 meglio, la cognitione Gnomonica. &amp; hanno leuato il diletto, che $i ha nello imparare, &amp; nella
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16463 facilit&agrave;, anzi hanno con le loro difficult&agrave; $cacciato i lettori delle opere loro: &amp; quello, che han-
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parents:
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16464 no de$iderato $ommamente, che cra di acqui$tar credito di $apere con la o$curit&agrave; dello in$egnar,
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16465 non hanno con$eguito: non &egrave; per que$to, che non douemo hauere molte gratie a quelli, che hanno
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16466 dato molti auuertimenti, &amp; che hanno u$ato modi facili, accioche gli huomini, che non hanno
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16467 tempo di $tudiare, &amp; che non $ono $peculatiui po$$ino e$$ercitare, &amp; u$are nelle occorrenze loro
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parents:
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16468 que$te inuentioni. Ripigliando adunque il mio di$cor$o, &amp; stando fermo nelle uie di Tolomeo,
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16469 &amp; del predetto Commandino, quanto piu facilmente potr&ograve;, far&ograve; manife$to tutto quello, che apar-
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parents:
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16470 tiene alla de$crittione, &amp; all'u$o dello Analemma. la$ciando (come ho detto) le dimostrationi
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16471 mathematice ad altri. Non ha dubbio, che il Sole in tempi, &amp; hore diuer$e, $i ritroua in $iti
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16472 &amp; altezze diuer$e. non uedemo noi la estate, che per due, o tre hore egli $ta tra Leuante &amp; Tra
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parents:
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16473 montana, la mattina, &amp; per tanto $pacio $ta tra Ponente, &amp; Tramontana le ultime hore del gior
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16474 no? non uedemo ancho il Sole in alcune hore e$$ere tra Leuante, &amp; mezo d&igrave;, &amp; alcune tra'l me-
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parents:
diff changeset
16475 zo d&igrave; &amp; il Ponente: hora piu alto, hora piu ba$$o? per&ograve; $e uogliamo far cono$cere il $uo uero $ito,
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parents:
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16476 (ilche &egrave; nece$$ario per $apere gli effetti, che egli fa mandando iraggi $uoi per la cima del Gnomo-
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parents:
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16477 ne fin a i piani oppo$ti,) bi$ogna im<*>ginar$i molte linee, diuer$i circoli, $i fermi come mobili,
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16478 &amp; diuer$i anguli, accioche per quelli, come per craticole de pittori, $i dia ad intendere la po$itio-
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parents:
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16479 ne, &amp; il $ito del raggio $olare: &amp; perche a uoglia no$tra potemo fare gli horologi in diuer$i
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parents:
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16480 piani po$ti diuer$amente, come in terra, in muro, &amp; dritti, &amp; piegati, cio&egrave; ne i piani Orizontali, uer
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parents:
diff changeset
16481 ticali, meridiani detti di $opra: per&ograve; &egrave; nece$$ario $apere quali circoli, quali linee, &amp; quali angu-
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parents:
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16482 li ci $erueno ad un piano, &amp; quali ad un'altro. la doue po$ti quelli tre piani imaginati, che $ono
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parents:
diff changeset
16483 termini fermi, bi$ogna che ne imaginamo tre altri, che $i muouino cia$cuno $opr a il $uo diametro,
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16484 di modo che $ia un'Orizonte fermo, &amp; un Orizonte mobile, &amp; un uerticale $imilmente, &amp; un
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parents:
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16485 meridiano fermi, &amp; un'uerticale, &amp; un meridiano mobile, &amp; che l'Orizonte mobile $i uolga $opra
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16486 il diametro del Orizonte fermo come $opra un perno, &amp; co$i il uerticale, &amp; il meridiano mobili $i
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parents:
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16487 girino d'intorno i diametri de i loro fermi. gia $apemo quali $iano i diametri di que piani, perche il
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parents:
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16488 diametro dell'Orizonte ua da Leuante a Ponente, il diametro del uerticale ua dal punto, che ci
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parents:
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16489 $ta $opra, a quello, che ci $ta $otto, &amp; il diametro del meridiano &egrave; la linea meridiana i$te$$a. $e
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parents:
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16490 adunque l'Orizonte $i ha da girare bi$ogna, che una met &agrave; di e$$o $i alzi $opra terra, &amp; l'altra $i
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parents:
diff changeset
16491 abba$$i. $e il uerticale $i ha da mouere, bi$ogna che una met&agrave; di e$$o uadi inanzi, &amp; l'altra in die-
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parents:
diff changeset
16492 tro. $e'l meridiano $i ha da mouere, bi$ogna che una met&agrave; $i pieghi uer$o l'Orizonte, &amp; l'altra me
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16493 t&agrave; a$cenda. Fatto que$to fondamento, poniamo il Sole in $irocco alto da terra gradi quaranta,
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16494 facciamo, che l'Orizonte mobile la$ci il fermo, &amp; $i alzi tanto, che egli tocchi il centro del corpo
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16495 del Sole. facciamo anche che il uerticale mobile $i faccia tanto inanzi la$ciando il fermo, che an-
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16496 cho egli tocchi il Sole; &amp; finalmente facciamo, che il meridiano mobile $i abba$$i fin tanto, che
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parents:
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16497 ancho egli tocchi il Sole con la $ua circonferenza al modo de gli altri: certo &egrave;, che tutti que
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parents:
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16498 piani mobili $i taglieranno in quel punto, doue e$$i tagliano il Sole, cio&egrave; in quel punto, dalquale il
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16499 Sole manda il $uo raggio. hora uediamo, che effetti facciano que circoli, che $imuoueno, &amp; a che
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parents:
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16500 fine $i $ono imaginati: &amp; prima $i dica in che conuengono tutti: dico che conuengono in que$to,
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parents:
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16501 che partendo cia$cuno dal $uo fermo piano corri$pondente in$ieme col Sole fanno due anguli
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parents:
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16502 l'uno di linee dritte, l'altro de i piani di que circoli, cio&egrave; cia$cuno mobile col $uo fermo fa un'an-
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parents:
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16503 gulo. &amp; perche gli anguli $i mi$urano dalla circonferenza, per&ograve; altra circonferenza $ar&agrave; com-
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parents:
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16504 pre$a $otto gli anguli fatti dalle linee dritte, altra da gli anguli fatti da i piani di que circoli,</I>
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16505 <pb n="410">
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parents:
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16506 <I>cio&egrave; de i mobili, &amp; de i fermi: &amp; l'uno, &amp; l'altro di quelli anguli &egrave;nece$$ario per dimostrare il
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parents:
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16507 uero $ito del Sole, cio&egrave; l'altezza del Sole, &amp; la parte di doue egli manda il $uo raggio. Hor<*>
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parents:
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16508 pigliamo $eparatamente cia$cuno et $tiamo nel $opraposto e$$empio. $ia dunque il Sole a $irocco,
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parents:
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16509 &amp; facciamo, che il uerticale mobile $i faccia inanzi, &amp; ritroui il Sole: dico che per que$to moui-
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parents:
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16510 m&emacr;to $i fanno due anguli, uno di linee dritte, l'altro del piano del uerticale fermo, et del piano del
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16511 uerticale mobile. l'angulo di linee dritte &egrave; fatto dal raggio del Sole, &amp; dal diametro del uertica-
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parents:
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16512 le, cio&egrave; dal Gnomone. &amp; la circonferenza, che comprende que$to angulo, &egrave; quell'arco del uerti-
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16513 cale mobile tra il punto, che ci $ta $opra la te$ta, &amp; il Sole. &amp; e$$endo una quarta di circolo dal-
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parents:
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16514 l'Orizonte al punto che ci $ta $opra la te$ta, $eguita, che il re$tante dell'arco predetto dal punto,
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parents:
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16515 che ci $ta $opra, al punto doue $ta il Sole, $ia l'altezza del Sole $opra l'orizonte: per&ograve; $e quello ar-
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parents:
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16516 co'$ar&agrave; di gradi cinquanta, il Sole $ar&agrave; alto gradi quaranta, che &egrave; il compimento della quarta,
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parents:
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16517 che &egrave; dal punto, che ci $opra$t&agrave;, fin all'orizonte: &amp; per&ograve; la cognitione di que$to angulo ci con-
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parents:
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16518 duce a $apere l'altezza del Sole, dalla quale $i caua la lunghezza dell'ombre, come s'&egrave; detto.
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16519 Ma l'angulo fatto da i piani di quelli circoli, cio&egrave; del uerticale mobile, &amp; del fermo, &egrave; compre$o
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16520 dalla circonferenza dell'orizonte, che &egrave; dal punto del uero Leuante al punto, che fa il uertica-
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diff changeset
16521 le mobile doue egli taglia l'orizonte, &amp; que sto arco $i chiama latitudine del Sole, ouero arco
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16522 orizontale. la cognitione di que$to angulo ci $erue a cono$cere in qual parte pieghi l'ombra del
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16523 Gnomone, perche l'ombra ua $empre alla parte opposta del raggio del Sole, per ilche $e il Sole
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diff changeset
16524 &egrave; a $irocco, l'ombra ua a Mae$tro, $e &egrave; a Garbino, l'ombra ua a Greco. Ecco adunque gli effetti,
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16525 che fa il uerticale mobile, &amp; a che fine egli $ia imaginato. questi due anguli $ono nece$$arij al
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diff changeset
16526 fare de gli horologi ne i piani orizontali, perche a que$ti piani ci $erue la lunghezza dell'ombra,
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diff changeset
16527 &amp; la latitudine. Hora uegnamo al meridiano mobile, &amp; facciamo che ancho egli ritroui il So-
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16528 le a $irocco, partendo$i dal meridiano fermo. Que$to anche fara due anguli, de i quali, quello
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diff changeset
16529 di linee dritte &egrave; fatto dal raggio del Sole, &amp; dal diametro del meridiano, la cui circonferenza &egrave;
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diff changeset
16530 compre$a dal punto del meridiano fermo al punto, doue $i troua il Sole. ilche determina l'altez-
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diff changeset
16531 za del Sole $opra il piano uerticale. Ma l'angulo fatto da i piani di que circoli &egrave; compre-
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diff changeset
16532 $o dalla declinatione del meridiano mobile dal meridiano fermo nel circolo uerticale, &amp; l'una
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16533 &amp; l'altra di que$te circonferenze &egrave; nece$$aria per determinare il $ito del raggio, come nel piano
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diff changeset
16534 uerticale, alquale &amp; il meridiano fermo, &amp; il mobile $ono dritti, perche dal restante della cir-
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diff changeset
16535 conferenza compre$a o che comprende l'angulo tutto di linee dritte, $i $a l'altezza del Sole $o-
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diff changeset
16536 pra il piano dell'horologio uerticale. &amp; dalla circonferenza, che comprende l'angulo fatto da
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diff changeset
16537 quelli piani meridiani, cio&egrave; del mobile &amp; del fermo, nel uerticale $i $a in qual parte pieghi l'om-
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diff changeset
16538 brafatta dal Gnomone nel piano uerticale. Finalmente uenendo all'orizonte mobile, &amp; faccia-
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diff changeset
16539 mo, che egli $i leui a $irocco fin doue &egrave; il Sole; io dico che ancho egli far&agrave; due anguli. quello di
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diff changeset
16540 linee dritte $ar&agrave; fatto dal raggio del Sole, &amp; dal diametro dello equinottiale, che &egrave; lo i$te$$o col
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diff changeset
16541 diametro dell'orizonte, &amp; ci dar&agrave; l'altezza del Sole &amp; &egrave; compre$o dalla circonferenza, doue
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diff changeset
16542 $i troua il Sole, fin al punto del diametro dell'orizonte. &amp; quello fatto da que due piani, cio&egrave; del-
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diff changeset
16543 l'orizonte mobile, &amp; del fermo, &egrave; compre$o nella circonferenza del meridiano tra'l punto doue
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16544 &egrave; il Sole, &amp; il punto doue il meridiano taglia l'orizonte ci dar&agrave; la parte doue piega l'ombra, nel
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16545 horologio fatto nel piano del meridiano. &amp; tanto $ia detto d'intorno a gli effetti, &amp; alla nece$-
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diff changeset
16546 $it&agrave; di que tre piani $i fermi come mobili, &amp; de i loro anguli s&igrave; di linee dritte, come di quelli pia
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16547 ni, &amp; dell'u$o loro a diuer$i piani di horologi. Hora uenir&ograve; alla de$crittione dello Analemma,
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16548 &amp; dimo$trer&ograve; il modo di fare lo Analemma, &amp; l'u$o di quello, $econdo il mio primo propo$ito,
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16549 e$ortando quanto piu po$$o cia$cuno alla con$ideratione, &amp; alla pratica delle $opradette co$e,
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16550 perche l'huomo po$$a $icuramente por$i alla operatione $apendo i principij delle co$e. Sia fatto
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parents:
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16551 un circolo, ilquale ci $erua per meridiano, &amp; $ia a b c d. nel centro e partito in quattro
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16552 parti eguali per due diametri, a d. &amp; b c. &amp; $ia a d per lo diametro dello equinottiale,
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16553 &amp; b c per l'a$$e del mondo, $i che b. $ia per lo polo di $opra, &amp; c per lo polo di $otto. $ia</I>
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16554 <pb n="411">
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16555 <I>diui$a la quarta a b in parti nouanta, &amp; $iano dal punto a numerate parti uentitre &amp; me-
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16556 za, &amp; doue terminano $ia posto f. $iano anche numerate dal punto a parti</I> 20, <I>&amp; minu-
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16557 ti</I> 12, <I>&amp; iui $ia fatto il punto o. &amp; finalmente dal punto a $iano numerate parti undici,
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16558 &amp; meza &amp; $ia nel termine po$to</I> k. <I>$iano poi riportate quelle di$tanze f. o.</I> k. <I>$otto il pun-</I>
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16559 <fig>
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parents:
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16560 <I>to a, $i che a f. $ia a
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16561 h. &amp; a o $ia a q. et
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16562 a</I> k. <I>$ia a m. il mede-
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16563 $imo $i faccia nella parte
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16564 oppo$ta dal punto d tan-
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parents:
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16565 to di $opra quanto di $ot-
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parents:
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16566 to, $i che g ri$ponda ad
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parents:
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16567 f. p ad o. l. &agrave; K. n
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16568 ad m. r. &agrave; q. &amp; i ad
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16569 h. $iano poi tirate le linee
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parents:
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16570 f g. o p. K l. m n. q
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16571 r. h s. que$te linee ci $er
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16572 ueno per diametri di que
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16573 circoli o giri, che fa il So-
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parents:
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16574 le quando egli $i troua ne i
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parents:
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16575 principij de i $egni del Zo-
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parents:
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16576 diaco, di modo, che il dia-
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parents:
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16577 metro f g. &egrave; il diametro
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parents:
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16578 di quel circolo, che fa il So
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parents:
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16579 le quando egli entr&agrave; nel
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parents:
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16580 Cancro, &amp; h i. &egrave; il dia-
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parents:
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16581 metro del circolo del Ca-
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parents:
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16582 pricorno. $i come o p. di
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parents:
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16583 Gemini, &amp; di Leone.</I> k <I>l
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parents:
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16584 del Toro, &amp; della Vergi-
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parents:
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16585 ne. m n. di Pe$ci &amp; di
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parents:
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16586 Scorpione, q r di Aqua
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parents:
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16587 rio, &amp; Sagittario, &amp; que-
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parents:
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16588 $te di$tanze $ono pre$e dal
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16589 la declinatione del Sole, che per la tauola di detta declinatione ci $ono manife$te. ouero per la li-
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16590 nea lacotomus, &amp; per lo circolo Monachus detti da Vitr. &amp; per le i$te$$e uie, cioe della tauola
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16591 della declinatione del Sole, o della diui$ione del circolo detto monachus, $i po$$ono fare tutti i dia-
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16592 metri di grado in grado, o di cinque in cinque, o di dieci in dieci, come piu ci piacer&agrave;, di tutti i cir-
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16593 coli &amp; giri del Sole quando egli &egrave; nelle parti de i $egni. uero &egrave;, che per non fare confu$ione di mol
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16594 te linee ci $eruiremo di quattro diametri, cio&egrave; dell'equinottiale, del tropico uer$o il polo di $opra,
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16595 &amp; del diametro del Toro pure uer$o il polo, &amp; del diametro del Saggittario di $otto; perche la
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16596 ragione di uno $ar&agrave; la i$te$$a con la ragione dell'altro, come dir&ograve; di $otto. $iano adunque $opra i
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parents:
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16597 predetti diametri tirati i $emicircoli, $i che i centri loro $iano la doue detti diametri tagliano l'a$-
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parents:
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16598 $e del mondo, la doue e s. $ar&agrave; il centro del $emicircolo fatto $opra f g. &amp; t. $ar&agrave; il cen-
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16599 tro del $emicircolo fatto $opra il diametro q r. &amp; que$ti $ono i circoli, &amp; i diametri communi
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parents:
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16600 ad ogni Analemma. ma perche $ono diuer$e inclinationi del cielo, per&ograve; uolendo fare lo Analem-
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16601 ma per una inclinatione del cielo. bi$ogna porui de gli altri circoli, come &egrave; il uerticale, &amp; l'orizon-
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16602 te. ilche come $i habbia a fare dir&ograve; qui $otto. Egli bi$ogna adunque $apere la altezza del polo a
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16603 quel luogo, per loquale $i ha da fare l'horologio, come $e noi uogliamo fare un'horologio per $er-</I>
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16604 <foot><I>HHH</I></foot>
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16605 <pb n="412">
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16606 <I>uirci alla inclinatione di Vinetia, bi$ogna $apere quanto $e le leua il polo, &amp; numerare la detta
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16607 altezza dal punto b. che &egrave; il polo di $opra uer$o il punto d. &amp; far punto nel meridiano, do<*>e
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16608 &egrave; la lettera x. che tanti gradi a punto $i leua il polo alla detta inclinatione, che $ouo gradi qua
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16609 ranta cinque. tira poi dal punto x per lo centro e, alla parte oppo$ta doue &egrave; la lettera y. il
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16610 diametro dell'orizonte, ilquale $ar&agrave; x &amp; y. Sia poi tirato il diametro del uerticale, che tagli
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16611 il diametro dell'orizonte ad anguli dritti, &amp; $ia quello z e &amp;. finito que$to bi$ogna tirare $o-
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16612 pra i diametri de i detti circoli o $emicircoli linee dritte ad anguli giu$ti, la doue i detti diametri
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16613 tagliano l'orizonte, perche iui $ono i tagli communi dell'orizonte, &amp; di quelle portioni di circoli,
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16614 &amp; dimo$trano quanta parte di quelli circoli $tia $opra l'orizonte &amp; quanta di $otto. $ia adunque
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diff changeset
16615 $egnato</I> 2. <I>la doue il diametro f g. taglia l'orizonte. &amp;</I> 4 <I>la doue il diametro K l taglia</I>
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16616 <fig>
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16617 <I>l'orizonte, &amp;</I> 6 <I>finalmente la doue
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16618 il diametro q r taglia l'orizonte,
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16619 et da i detti punti</I> 2. 4. 6. <I>$iano ti-
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16620 rate le linee ad anguli giu$ti $opra i
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16621 loro diametri, fin che peruenghino al
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16622 le circonferenze cia$cuna del $uo cir
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16623 colo corri$pondente. per&ograve;</I> 1. 2. <I>ca-
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16624 der&agrave; $opra il diametro f s g. &amp;</I> 4.
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16625 3 <I>cader&agrave; $opra il diametro K t l.
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16626 &amp; finalmente</I> 5. 6. <I>cader&agrave; $opra
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16627 il diametro q u r. que$ti adunque
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16628 $ono i communi tagli di quelli circo-
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16629 li, &amp; dell'orizonte. Et $e imaginere-
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16630 mo il $emicircolo g i f intiero cir-
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16631 colo, egli ci rappre$enter&agrave; tutto il
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16632 circolo del tropico del cancro. &amp; la
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16633 linea</I> 1. 2. <I>diuenter&agrave;parte dell'o-
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16634 rizonte, &amp; l'altra parte ander&agrave; a
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16635 trouar la circonferenza del detto
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16636 circolo, $i che tutta quella portione
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16637 di quel circolo, che $ar&agrave; $opra la det
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16638 ta linea s'intender&agrave; e$$er $opra l'ori-
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16639 zonte come dall'i. ad f. &amp; dall'
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16640 f all'altro capo della linea</I> 1. 2.
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16641 <I>la doue ella &egrave; tagliata dal detto cir-
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16642 colo del Cancro, &amp; quella parte, che
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16643 far&agrave; di $otto s'intender&agrave; e$$er $otto l'orizonte, come &egrave; dalla i al g. di modo che i. $ar&agrave; il ter-
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16644 mine della parte di $opra, &amp; della parte di $otto l'orizonte, di quel $emicircolo. &amp; $e la linea</I> 1.
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16645 2. <I>$ar&agrave; prolungata alla circonferenza intiera del detto circolo, la parte da g al taglio della det-
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16646 ta linea con la circonferenza dimo$trer&agrave; il re$tante di quello, che &egrave; $otto l'orizonte, come poco da
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16647 po&igrave; ci $ar&agrave; manife$to. $in<*>le con$ideratione $i fa $opra il diametro K t l. &amp; $opra il diametro
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16648 q u r. perche le portioni di quelli $emicircoli ci $ono manife$te dal taglio di quelle linee dritte,
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16649 che cadeno $opra i detti diametri. Pigliamo adunque in altro luogo il circolo fatto $opra il dia-
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16650 metro f s g. &amp; $ia i f</I> 7 <I>g. &amp; $ia i dalla de$tra, f di $opra.</I> 7. <I>dalla $ini$tra, &amp; g.
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16651 di $otto. &amp; ri$pondi la i. al Leuante, &amp;</I> 7. <I>a Ponente. hora &egrave; nece$$ario $apere che hore tu
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16652 uuoi $egnare nello horologio, o le antiche, o le a$tronomiche, od altre, perche diuer$amente par-
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16653 tirai il detto circolo, $econdo la diuer$it&agrave; della $orte delle hore, che uuoi fare. Io dar&ograve; l'e$$empio
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16654 ordinatamente di tutte le $orti di hore, &amp; prima delle antiche, lequali erano dodici in ogni gior-</I>
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16655 <pb n="413">
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16656 <I>no. Diuiderai adunque la portione del circolo del tropico compre$a da i f</I> 7 <I>$opra l'orizonte
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16657 in dodici parti<*> eguali, &amp; $imilmente la portione i g</I> 7 <I>in dodici parti eguali &amp; nel punto.</I> 1.
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16658 <I>$egna</I> 12. <I>&amp; tanto di $opra i quanto di $otto nella prima diui$ione $egna</I> 11. <I>nella $econda</I>
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16659 10, <I>nella terza</I> 9. <I>nella quarta.</I> 8. <I>nella quinta.</I> 7. <I>nella $esta, la doue $ono le lettere. f.
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16660 &amp; g.</I> 6. <I>nella $ettima</I> 5. <I>nella ottaua</I> 4. <I>nella nona</I> 3. <I>nella decima</I> 2. <I>nella undecima.</I> 1.
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16661 <I>&amp; a que$to modo hauerai partito le portioni del circolo del tropico. n&egrave; ti deue mouere, che la
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16662 portione</I> 1 <I>g</I> 7 <I>che &egrave; $otto l'orizonte, ci $erua per la diui$ione del minor giorno, perche $e la
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16663 con$idererai come portione del tropico del Capricorno, uederai la diui$ione e$$er giu$ta, perche la
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16664 portione della notte della e$tate &egrave; $imile alla portione del giorno del uerno, con $imile ragione po-
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16665 trai trarre dallo Analemma i cicorli intieri de i $egni, &amp; diuiderli come hai fatto il circolo del
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16666 Tropico, &amp; uederai in ogni $egno quanto $ia lungo il giorno, $e uorrai $egnare altra $orte di hore,
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16667 che le antiche, come $i ueder&agrave; di $otto. Diui$o adunque il circolo del tropico al modo $opradet-
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16668 to, bi$ogna da cia$cuna di<*>i$ione fatta nella circonferenza far cadere linee ad anguli dritti $opra
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16669 il diametro f g. per dimostrare anche i tagli delle portioni delle hore nel piano. per&ograve; da</I> 11.
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16670 <I>&amp;</I> 1. <I>cader&agrave; una linea al diametro f g. ne i punti</I> 11. <I>&amp;</I> 1. <I>&amp; da</I> 10 <I>&amp;</I> 2. <I>ne cade-
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16671 r&agrave; un'altra ne i punti</I> 10 <I>&amp;</I> 2. <I>corri$pondenti. &amp; co$i di mano in mano fin che $ar&agrave; partito</I>
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16672 <fig>
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16673 <foot><I>HHH</I> 2</foot>
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16674 <pb n="414">
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16675 <I>il diametro f g. nelle $ue portioni. &amp; que$to non hauemo uoluto fare nello Analemma per <*>
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16676 confondere con la moltitudine delle linee. Hora bi$ogna cauare dallo Analemma le altezze <*>
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16677 Sole in ogni hora per $apere le lunghezze delle ombre. Piglia dallo Analemma il meridiano <*>
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16678 b c d. &amp; il diametro del tropico f g. partito $econdo le diui$ioni della figura precedente $e-
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16679 gnata O. &amp; l'orizonte x e y. nel modo, che egli $ta nello Analemma. &amp; fa pa$$are p<*>
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16680 diui$ioni del diametro del tropico del Cancro linee egualmente distanti all'orizonte x e y. che
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16681 da una parte tocchino la circonferenza del meridiano, &amp; dall'altra il diametro del tropico f g.
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16682 $egna poi nel meridiano a b c d. i numeri riportati dal diametro del tropico</I>, 11. 10. 9.
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16683 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. <I>tanto di $opra quanto di $otto l'orizonte. e$pedita questa di<*>
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16684 determinerai la lunghezza del Gnomone, &amp; quella ponerai di $otto dal centro e. doue s'<*>
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16685 de e$$er la punta del Gnomone, al punto z. doue s'intende, che $ia il piede del Gnomone, nel dia-
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16686 metro z &amp;. che &egrave; il diametro del uerticale. di modo che la lunghezza dello stile $ia e z &amp;
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16687 per lo punto z farai pa$$are la l&iacute;nea del piano $opra la quale $ta il Gnomone, &amp; $i a quella T.
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16688 Z. V. per tirare adunque la lunghezza delle ombre bi$ogna tirare le linee dalle hore $eg<*>
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16689 nel meridiano, che pa$$ino per la, cima del Gnomone, doue &egrave; la lettera e. &amp; peruenghino all<*>
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16690 linea del piano T. Z. V. &amp; le lunghezze delle ombre $i mi$urano dal punto z. che &egrave; il pie-
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16691 di del Gnomone $opra la linea del piano. come uedi qui appre$$o $egnato. &amp; il diametro del uer-
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16692 ticale $egna nella linea del piano l'ombra della $esta hora, che &egrave; l'hora del mezo d&igrave;. poi, che egli $i
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16693 ba ritrouato le lunghezze delle ombre del tropico del cancro. con la iste$$a ragione $i piglieran-
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16694 no le lunghezze delle ombre fatte quando il Sole &egrave; nel tropico del Capricorno. perche egli $i tra-
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16695 $porta la lunghezza del Gnomone dalla lettera e $opra il uerticale, &amp; anche $i tra$porta la li-
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16696 ne a del piano $opra laquale $i fanno cadere le linee delle hore $egnate $opra il meridiano nella par-
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16697 te di $otto l'orizonte. $ia adunqua e R la lunghezza del Gnomone e z po$ta nel diametro del
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16698 uerticale z &amp;. &amp; $ia tirata la linea del piano S R Q. &amp; dalli punti delle hore $egnate nel
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16699 meridiano $otto l'orizonte x e r. $iano tirate linee, che pa<02>ino per lo centro e. &amp; peruen-
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16700 ghino nella linea del piano S R Q. &amp; $iano $egnati i numeri corri$pondenti alle hore $egnate
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16701 nel meridiano, &amp; a questo modo $i haueranno le lunghezze delle ombre fatte nelle hore del uer-
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16702 no. &amp; questi $ono gli anguli fatti di linee dritte dal uerticale, che $i muoue, come hauemo detto:
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16703 perche il raggio del Sole d&agrave; nel diametro del uerticale, che &egrave; il Gnomone, &amp; fa che il Gnomone
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16704 getta l'ombre $opra il piano dell'horologio. Cire$ta hora a determinare l'arco orizontale, cio&egrave;
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16705 la latitudine dell'ombra, ilche $i fa a questo modo. Prima per fuggire la confu$ione delle linee.
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16706 farai il circolo a b c d. come di $opra, nelquale ui ponerai il diametro del uerticale, z e
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16707 &amp; l'orizonte x e y. il diametro del tropico f g. con le $ue diui$ioni pre$e dalla figura $egna
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16708 ta. O. &amp; poi farai cadere dalle diui$ioni del detto diametro del tropico f g. linee egualmente
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16709 di$tanti al diametro del uerticale z e &amp;. fin $opra l'orizonte x e y. doue noterai i nume-
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16710 <*> corri$pondenti a i numeri delle hore $egnate nel diametro del tropico; &amp; que$te linee peruenghi-
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16711 <*> alla circonferenza del Meridiano fornito que$to anderai alla figura $egnata O. doue $ono le
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16712 diui$ioni di tutto i<*> tropico, &amp; comincia dalle undici $egnate nella circonferenza, &amp; po$to un pie
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16713 di del compa$$e nelle undici $egnate nella circonferenza del tropico allargato fin alle undici $egna
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16714 <*>o $opra il diametro di detto tropico riporterai que$ta lunghezza nella figura $eguente $opra la li-
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16715 <*> delle undici hore ponendo un piede del compa$$o $opra il punto $egnato</I> 11. <I>&amp;</I> 1. <I>nell'Ori-
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diff changeset
16716 zonte x e y. &amp; l'altro $opra la detta linea delle undici, &amp; nel termine farai punto</I> 11. <I>Si-
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16717 milmente piglia dalla figura O. la lunghezza della linea delle</I> 10. <I>&amp; riportala in que$ta figu-
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16718 <*>a $opra la linea $egnata</I> 10. <I>&amp; doue termina, $egna</I> 10. <I>&amp; parimente riporterai tutte le li-
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16719 nee delle hore fatte nella figura O. in que$ta, $egnando come hai fatto delle</I> 11. <I>&amp;</I> 1. <I>&amp;
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16720 delle</I> 10. <I>&amp;</I> 2. <I>&amp; que$to farai tanto di $opra quanto di $otto l'Orizonte, perche ci $eruir&agrave; a
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16721 gli archi Orizontali delle hore del uerno. Hora bi$ogna ritrouare gli archi Orizontali, il che fa-
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16722 nai a que$to modo. Poni la riga nel centro e. &amp; nel punto</I> 11. <I>&amp;</I> 1. <I>$opra la linea delle</I>
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16723 <pb n="415">
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16724 <I>undici, &amp; una, &amp; doue ella taglia il Meridiano fa punto</I> 11. <I>&amp;</I> 1. <I>que$to $ar&agrave; l'arco Orizon
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16725 tale compre$o dalla circonferenza z.</I> 11. <I>Similmente piglia l'arco Orizontale delle dieci. &amp;
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16726 delle due ponendo la riga $opra il centro e. &amp; $opra i punti</I> 10. <I>&amp;</I> 2. <I>della linea</I> 10. <I>&amp;</I>
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16727 2. <I>&amp; doue la riga taglia il Meridiano $egna</I> 10. <I>&amp;</I> 2. <I>perche l'arco compre$o tra z. &amp;</I>
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16728 10. <I>&amp;</I> 2. <I>&egrave; l'arco Orizontale delle</I> 10. <I>&amp; delle</I> 2. <I>con $imile ordine piglierai gli archi Ori
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diff changeset
16729 zontali delle altre hore, &amp; gli noterai $opra il Meridiano come hai fatto delle</I> 11. <I>&amp;</I> 1. <I>&amp; del
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16730 le</I> 10. <I>&amp;</I> 2. <I>que$ti archi $ono compre$i tra l'Orizonte fermo, &amp; il Verticale mobile, come ho
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16731 detto, &amp; $ono le circonferenze, che comprendeno gli anguli fatti da due piani, cio&egrave; dal Ver-
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16732 ticale mobile, &amp; dal fermo, come ci &egrave; manife$to per le co$e dette di $opra. E$pedite
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16733 tutte que$te co$e, egli $i uenir&agrave; alla fabrica dell'horologio in que$to modo. Farai un
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parents:
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16734 circolo della grandezza del Meridiano gia po$to nello Analemma, &amp; $ia quello a b c
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16735 d. in que$to circolo il diametro b c. ci $erue per la linea Meridiana. &amp; il diametro a d.
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16736 ci $erue per la linea del piano. ma bi$ogna tirare que$ta linea del piano occulta. Sia il centro e.
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16737 doue la linea del piano taglia la Meridiana, &amp; doue s'imagina, che $ia il Gnomone. piglia poi
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16738 la di$tanza, che &egrave; dal punto z. alle undici nel Meridiano nella figura antecedente $egnata I. &amp;
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16739 riportala dal punto d. uer$o il punto c. nel punto H. &amp; tira poi dal centro a. al punto H.
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16740 una linea occulta. Similmente riporterai la detta di$tanza dal punto a. uer$o il punto c. nel
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16741 punto M. Que$te di$tanze d H. &amp; a M. $ono gli archi Orizontali della undecima, et della prima
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16742 hora; $i che d H. &egrave; della undecima, &amp; a M. della prima. Piglia poi la lunghezza dell'ombra
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16743 della undecima hora dalla figura doue $egna$ti le lunghezze delle hore dal punto z. $opra la li-
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16744 nea del piano uer$o il punto T. al punto</I> 11. <I>&amp; riportala nell'horologio dal centro e. $opra
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16745 le linee e H. &amp; e M. &amp; $egna</I> 11. <I>&amp;</I> 1. <I>Piglia poi lo arco Orizontale delle</I> 10. <I>&amp; del
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16746 le</I> 2. <I>dalla figura precedente dal punto</I> 2. <I>al punto</I> 10. <I>&amp; riportala nell'horologio $otto il
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16747 punto d. dall'una parte, &amp; $otto il punto a. dall'altra ne i punti N O. a i quali dal centro
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16748 e. tirerai le linee e N. &amp; e O. Quiui gli $patij, che $ono da N d. &amp; da o. ad a. $ono gli
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16749 archi Orizontali di quelle hore cio&egrave; delle</I> 10. <I>&amp; delle</I> 2. <I>Piglia poi la lunghezza dell'ombra
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16750 delle</I> 10. <I>&amp; delle</I> 2. <I>dalla $opra po$ta figura O. &amp; riportala dal centro e. $opra le dette li-
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16751 nee e N. &amp; e o. &amp; ne i punti doue termina la lunghezza dell'ombre $egna $opra la e N.</I>
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16752 10. <I>&amp; $oprala e o.</I> 2. <I>con $imile ragione procederai nel ponere le altre hore, &amp; di altri ar-
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16753 chi Orizontali, &amp; le altre lunghezze delle hore, &amp; uederai riu$cire la linea della hiperbole $e le
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16754 gherai tutti que punti con una linea. Il $imile $i fa a ponere gli archi Orizontali delle hore del-
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16755 l'altro tropico, cio&egrave; del Capricorno. perche anche quelli $i pigliano dalla antecedente figura I.
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16756 con le di$tanze dal punto</I> 2. <I>alle hore $egnate dalla de$tra del taglio commune dell'Orizonte,
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16757 &amp; del piano come uedi. &amp; a que$to modo nella parte contraria ti riu$cir&agrave; la linea hiperbole
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16758 oppo$ta a quella, che face$ti nelle hore del Cancro. &amp; $egnata che l hauerai con i $uoi punti, o
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16759 numeri tirerai le linee da una hiperbole all'altra, &amp; a que$to modo hauerai $egnato l'horologio
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16760 con le hore de gli antichi. come nella figura V. uederai. &amp; $e uorrai porui le hiperbole fatte
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16761 da gli altri $egni, &amp; hore, lo farai con la i$te$$a ragione. &amp; $empre l'equinottiale ti porger&agrave; una
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16762 linea dritta, la quale $ar&agrave; tanto di$tante dal Gnomone, quanto $ar&agrave; longa l'ombra equinottiale
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16763 $u'l mezo d&igrave; $opra la linea del piano. ma in que$ta eleuatione di polo alla inclinatione di Vinetia
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16764 la linea equinottiale $ar&agrave; tanto di$tante dal Gnomone, quanto &egrave; alto il Gnomone. Io ho uoluto
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16765 ponere tanti circoli $eparatamente per dimo$trare $enza confu$ione come $i fa lo Analemma fini-
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16766 to, dal quale $i caua la ragione, &amp; lapratica di fare l'horologio. Per&ograve; $e uuoi fare lo Analem
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16767 ma intiero, di$egnerai $elamente in qualche materia $oda o pietra, o legno, o rame quelli circo-
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16768 li, che $i richiedeno in ogni Analemma, come &egrave; il Meridiano, i diametri di tutti i paralleli, cio&egrave;
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16769 de i tropici, &amp; de gli altri $egni, col diametro dello equinottiale, &amp; poi uolendo fare l'horologio
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16770 a quella inclinatione di cielo, che ti piace, farai l'Orizonte, &amp; il Verticale, &amp; le diui$ioni $i del
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16771 le altezze del Sole, come de gli archi Orizontali di modo, che $i po$$ino leuar uia, poi che ti ha-</I>
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16772 <pb n="416">
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16773 <fig>
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16774 <pb n="417">
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16775 <I>uerai $eruito, &amp; u$erai ogni diligenza di<*> riportare le linee dallo Analemma all'horologio che fai.
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16776 ma piu imparerai praticando, &amp; con$iderando le co$e dette, che altri po$$ino con parole de$criue
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16777 re. Con $imiglianti ragioni de$criuerai gli horologi con le altre maniere di hore. come uedi nelle
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diff changeset
16778 $otto$critte figure. &amp; que$to $ia detto a ba$tanza de gli horologi fatti <*>el piano egualmente di$tan
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16779 te all Orizonte. La figura V. &egrave; per l'horologio dalle hore de gli antichi T. E. F. per le ho-
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16780 re dal mezo d&igrave;. G. l'horologio con le hore dal mezo d&igrave;. H. L. K. per lo horologio con le ho-
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16781 re dall'occa$o. M. l'horologio dall'occa$o.</I>
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diff changeset
16782 <fig>
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16783 <p><I>Hora $i dimo$trer&agrave; come dallo Analemma $i caua il modo di fare gli horologi ne i piani Verti-
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16784 cali. Gia detto hauemo, che il piano Verticale &egrave; quello, che $epara la parte Meridiana, dalla
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16785 ettentrionale, &amp; per&ograve; gli horologi fatti in quel piano, che rappre$enta il Verticale, riguarde-
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diff changeset
16786 anno al mezo d&igrave;, &amp; al Settentrione. Si come adunque nel de$criuere gli horologi ne i piani</I>
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16787 <pb n="418">
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16788 <I>egualmente di$tanti ci $iamo $ernito di due circonferenze, per $apere, &amp; la lunghezza delle om-
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parents:
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16789 bre, &amp; la larghezza Oriz on<*>le; co$i nella de$crittione de gli horologi fatti nel piano Verticale
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16790 ci $eruiremo di due altre circonferenze, l'una delle quali ci dimo$trer&agrave; l'altezza del Sole in ogni
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parents:
diff changeset
16791 hora $opra il detto piano, dalla quale $i cono$cer&agrave; la lunghezza delle ombre fatte dal Gnomone;
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parents:
diff changeset
16792 &amp; per&ograve; &egrave; detta circonferenza horaria. L'altra ci $eruir&agrave; per la larghezza dell'ombra, cio&egrave; per
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16793 la di$tanza del Verticale. da que$te circonferenze adunque $i tragge il modo di tirare le linee ne i
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16794 piani de gli horologi, che altro non &egrave;, che de$criuere l'horologio. le circonferenze adunque det-
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16795 te horarie, $i cauano dal Meridiano mobile a questo modo. &amp; prima nello equinottiale. Sia adun
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16796 que a b g d. $opra'l centro e. $i che a b. $ia il taglio commune del Meridiano, &amp; dell'Orizon
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16797 te, &amp; g d. $ia il diametro del Verticale &amp; zeh. il diameiro dello equinottiale, &amp; $ia t z.
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16798 una delle quarte dello equinottiale, che &egrave; $opra l'Orizonte. Sia poi partita la detta quarta t
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16799 z. in $ei parti eguali, che $ono le diui$ioni delle hore equinottiali, perche una $ola quarta ci puo
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16800 ba$tare. cadino poi $opra il diametro dello equinottiale da cia$cuna diui$ione della quarta t z.
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16801 le linee, che diuideranno il $emidiametro ze. &amp; $iano tutte quelle linee notate K l. hora per
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16802 $apere le circonferenze, o gli archi delle hore, per cono$cere quanto $ia alto il Sole ogni hora $o-
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16803 pra il piano Verticale, accioche egli $i po$$a cono$cere la lunghezza delle ombre, bi$ogna de i
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16804 punti $egnati L. tirare linee egualmente di$tanti al diametro del uerticale g e d. fin'alla circon
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16805 ferenza del Meridiano compre$a dalle lettere g</I> 2. <I>&amp; doue termineranno quelle linee, $i deue po
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16806 nere i numeri delle hore, che per e$$empio qui notate $ono $econdo le hore<*> de gli antichi</I> 11. 10.
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16807 9. 8. 7. 6. <I>alle quali ri$pondeno</I> 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. <I>&amp;</I> 12. <I>poi &egrave; po$to al punto g. del
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16808 Verticale. hora l'arco, che &egrave; dal punto g. alla u<*>decima, &amp; alla prima hora dimo$tra l'altez
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16809 za del Sole $opra il piano g e d. del Verticale, alla undecima, &amp; alla prima hora. Similmen-
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16810 te l'arco da g. alla decima, &amp; alla $econda hora dimo$tra l'altezza del Sole, a quella hora $o-
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16811 pra il Verticale. &amp; $imil modo intenderai del re$tante. &amp; hauerai gli archi ouero le circonferen
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parents:
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16812 ze horarie, che ti dimo$treranno l'altezza del Sole d'hora in hora $opra il piano del Verticale,
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parents:
diff changeset
16813 quando il Sole &egrave; nello equinottiale. &amp; $e uorrai $egnare altre $orti d'hore ti potrai $eruire ponen-
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16814 do in luogo delle hore de gli antichi, quelle, che ti piaceranno. Perche ti$eruir&agrave; la i$te$$a diui$io-
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16815 ne, e$$endo, che tutte le $orti d'hore s'incontrano $u l'equinottiale. Si che $e ti piaceranno l ho-
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16816 re dal mezo d&igrave; nota $opra g.</I> 6. <I>$opra</I> 11. <I>&amp;</I> 1. 5. <I>&amp;</I> 7. <I>$opra</I> 10. <I>&amp;</I> 2. 4. <I>&amp;</I> 8.
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16817 <I>$opra</I> 9. <I>&amp;</I> 3. 3. <I>&amp;</I> 9. <I>$opra</I> 4 <I>et</I> 8. 2. <I>&amp;</I> 10. <I>$opra</I> 5. <I>&amp;</I> 7. 1. <I>&amp;</I> 11. <I>&amp; $opra</I>
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16818 2. 12. <I>che &egrave; il mezo d&igrave;. Se uorrai le Italiane, $opra g. nota</I> 24. <I>&amp; ua $eguendo</I> 23. 22.
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16819 21. 20. 19. <I>&amp;</I> 10. <I>$opra z. &amp; ritornando $egnerai</I> 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. <I>&amp;
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16820 $e uorrai le hore dal na$cer del Sole. Segnerai $opra g.</I> 12. <I>&amp; $eguitando</I> 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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16821 6. <I>ritornerai a dietro</I> 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. <I>fatto que$to, tirerai la linea del piano Verti-
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16822 cale, che $ia n m. che tagli la linea a b. in o. tanto lontana dal punto o. quanto porta la
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16823 lunghezza del Gnomone, &amp; dalle hore $egnate nel Meridiano tirerai le linee delle hore, che pa$-
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16824 $ino per lo centro, &amp; che &egrave; la ponta del Gnomone, &amp; peruengono fin al piano n m. con quella
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16825 ragione, che face$ti ne gli horologi fatti nel piano dell'Orizonte, quelle linee ti mo$treranno le lun
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16826 ghezze delle ombre.</I>
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16827 <p><I>Hora per ritrouare gli archi Verticali cio&egrave; le circonferenze, che dimo$trano le larghezze del
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16828 le ombre $opra il piano Verticale, bi$ogna tirare da i punti L. linee egualmente di$tanti al dia-
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16829 metro a e b. che ca$chino ad anguli dritti $opra il diametro del Verticale g e d. ne i punti p h.
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16830 &amp; peruenghino alla circonferenza del Meridiano. Et poi ponere un piede del compa$$o ne i pun-
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16831 ti L. &amp; l'altro nelli punti K. &amp; riportare quelle lunghezze ad una ad una $opra le linee tra-
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16832 uer$e $egnate p. ponendo l'un piede nelli punti p. &amp; l'altro $opra le dette linee: &amp; doue termi
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16833 nano $egnare q. hora $i deue ponere la riga $opra il centro e. &amp; $opra i punti q. ad uno ad
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16834 uno, &amp; doue le linee, che pa$$ano per li punti q. tagliano la circonferenza a g. iui far punto r.
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16835 le circonferenze adunque &amp; gli archi tra'l Verticale doue &egrave; g. &amp; i punti r. $ono le circonfe-</I>
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16836 <pb n="419">
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16837 <I>renze Verticali, dalle quali $i mi$urano le larghezze delle'ombre. &amp; cia$cuna ri$ponde alla
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16838 $ua <*>ora propria. Et que$ti partimenti ci $eruiranno dapoi. Ma per $apere le dette circonfe-
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16839 renze, cio&egrave; l'horaria, &amp; la uerticale, che ci $erueno quando il Sole &egrave; ne i tropici, o in qualche
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16840 altro $egno: farai in un'altro luogo il circolo a g b d. nel centro e. doue i diametri mede$imi ci
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diff changeset
16841 $erueno come nella precedente figura. Siano poi tirati i diametri de i tropici t u. x y. $opra
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16842 i quali $iano tirati i $emicircoli come nello Analemma. &amp; fatte le diui$ioni $econdo le $orti delle
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16843 hore, come di $opra s' &egrave; detto, s&igrave; nelle circonferenze, come ne i diametri: Sia $imilmente, come
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16844 poco auanti tirata la linea del piano uerticale m o n. &amp; cominciamo dal $emicircolo del tro-
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16845 pico del Capricorno x y. doue le linee delle hore antiche $ono $egnate con i numeri loro</I> 1. 2.
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16846 3. 4. 5. 6. <I>&amp; di ritorno</I> 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. <I>&amp; il taglio dell'Orizonte, &amp; del detto
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16847 tropico &egrave; $egnato t</I> K. <I>$ia po$to adunque l'un piede del compa$$o $opra il punto</I> k. <I>&amp; allarga-
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16848 to l'altro al punto t. &amp; la larghezza $ia riportata dal punto K. $opra il Meridiano al punto
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16849 t. $ia poi fatto centro K. &amp; $patio</I> k. 11. <I>&amp;</I> 1. <I>riportato quello $opra il Meridiano, $tando
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16850 fermo il compa$$o nel punto K. &amp; $ia $egnato</I> 11. <I>&amp;</I> 1. <I>perche que$to &egrave; l'arco horario della
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16851 undecima, &amp; della prima hora. &amp; tanto &egrave; il Sole alto $opra il Verticale g d. quanto &egrave; l'arco
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16852 g</I> 11. <I>&amp; $imilmente po$to l'un piede nel punto</I> k. <I>&amp; l'altro nella hora</I> 10. <I>&amp;</I> 2. <I>&amp; ripor
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16853 tata quella larghezza nel Meridiano, come s'&egrave; fatto, $i $egner&agrave;</I> 10. <I>&amp;</I> 2. <I>&amp; tanto $ar&agrave; la
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16854 circonferenza horaria, $opra il detto piano, quanto &egrave; da g. a</I> 10. <I>&amp;</I> 2. <I>con que$to modo pi-
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16855 glierai le circonferenze horarie delle altre hore, &amp; le riporterai nel Meridiano. &amp; dalle dette hore
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16856 <*>egnate nel Meridiano farai pa$$are le linee per lo centro e. &amp; quelle ti daranno le larghezze,
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16857 delle ombre di quelle hore $opra il piano del uerticale m o n. Hora i$pedite le circonferenze ho
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16858 rarie $eguitano le uerticali, le quali $i pigliano in que$to modo. Pa$$ino per li punti $egnati con la
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16859 lettera i. linee egualmente di$tanti al diametro a e b. che cadino ad anguli giu$ti $opra il dia
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16860 metro g e d. ne i punti p. &amp; peruenghino alla circonferenza del Meridiano. &amp; $iano ripor
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16861 tate le lunghezze</I> 1. 11. <I>&amp;</I> 1. 1. 10. <I>&amp;</I> 2. 1. 9. <I>&amp;</I> 3. 1. 8. <I>&amp;</I> 4. 1. 7. <I>&amp;</I> 5.
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16862 <I>$opra le dette linee dalli punti $egnati p. corri$pondenti, &amp; $egnati con la lettera $. da i quali
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16863 &amp; dal centro e. $i tireranno le linee alla circonferenza, doue $i $egner&agrave; con la lettera t. &amp;
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16864 quelli archi, che$aranno compre$i tra la lettera g. &amp; la lettera t. $aranno le circonferenze
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16865 uerticali, che dimo$treranno le larghezze dell'ombre ogni hora $opra il piano uerticale. con $imi
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16866 le modo, &amp; uia riporterai dal $emicircolo r u. del tropico del Cancro le circonferenze horarie,
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16867 &amp; uerticali pigliando le lunghezze, &amp; le larghezze delle ombre, &amp; poi di$cenderai al di$egna-
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16868 re dell'horologio nel piano del uerticale con le hore antiche. il che farai in que$to modo. farai il
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16869 circolo a b c d. che rappre$enti il piano uerticale a b. &amp; il centro $ia e. &amp; i dametri
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16870 a c b d. di modo, che a. $ia all'occidente, b. &amp; c. all'oriente. Sia poi pre$a dalla figura
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16871 I. la di$tanza o i. &amp; riportata in quella figura dal punto e. uer$o il b. $opra la linea e b.
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16872 el punto f. per lo quale $ia tirata una linea egualmente di$tante al diametro a e c. &amp; $ia
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16873 quella linea g f h. la quale ci $erue per lo diametro dello equinottiale. Piglia poi dalla detta
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16874 figura I. gli archi ouero le ba$$ezze delle ombre, &amp; riportale dal centro e. alla detta linea
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16875 g f h. ouero le circonferenze uerticali di qua &amp; di la dal punto d. &amp; quelle linee, che ueni
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16876 ranno dal punto o. alla circonferenza pre$a di qua, &amp; di la dal punto d. taglieranno l'equi
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16877 nottiale ne i punti conuenienti alle hore $ue: auuertendo, che bi$ogna tirare le dette linee occulte
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16878 &amp; $olo $ignare i punti manife$ti nello equinottiale. Hora per $egnare le hore ne gli altri circoli
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16879 equidi$tanti, piglierai prima le circonferenze uerticali dalla figura precedente II. del tropico del
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16880 Capricorno al punto g. &amp; le riportera&igrave; da que$ta nella circonferenza di qua &amp; di la dal punto d.
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16881 &amp; tirerai le linee occulte dal punto e. alla circonferenza detta ne i punti di qua, &amp; di la, dal
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16882 punto d. &amp; $opra quelle dal punto e. riporterai le lunghezze delle ombre in cia$cun'hora cor
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16883 ri$pondente. &amp; farai i $uoi punti. dalli quali, per li punt i $egnati nello equinottiale tirerai le linee
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16884 delle hore nel $uo horologio fin'alla circonferenza, eccetto quelle, che $aranno terminate dalla li</I>
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16885 <foot><I>III</I></foot>
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16886 <pb n="420">
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16887 <I>uea del Cancro. la quale $i fa con la lunghezza delle ombre tratta dalla figura</I> 11. <I>$econdo che
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16888 $i &egrave; detto. &amp; a que$to modo $opra la linea del mezo d&igrave; $egnerai</I> 6. <I>dalla $ini$tra</I> 5. 4. 3. 2.
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16889 <I>&amp;</I> 1. <I>&amp; dalla de$tra</I> 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. <I>&amp; que$to horologio $ar&agrave; nel piano del uerti-
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16890 cale, che guarda al mezo d&igrave;. Et perche la $tate il Sole pa$$a i termini di Leuante et Ponente, &amp; <*>
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16891 uer$o tramontana. per&ograve; bi$ogner&agrave; nel piano del uerticale, che guarda tramontana $egnare quelle
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16892 hore, che ui uanno, che $aranno la prima, &amp; la $econda, la mattina, &amp; la undecima, &amp; la decima
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16893 la $era. il che farai con lo aiuto del Meridiano. Percioche $e tirerai a lungo la linea della hiperbo
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16894 le, che lega in$ieme i termini delle hore del Capricorno, &amp; $imilmente tirerai in lungo le linee della
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16895 undecima, &amp; della prima della decima, &amp; della $econda, hora tu hauerai de$critto le hor<*>, che
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16896 uanno alla parte Settentrionale nell'horologio fatto nel piano del uerticale. &amp; con lo i$te$$o ordi-
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16897 ne farai gli altri horologi uerticali con le hore a tuo piacere, come praticando auuertirai meglio
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16898 di quello, che $i puo in$egnar con parole, tirando le linee delle hore, che $ono uer$o il Settentrione,
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16899 nell'horologio Settentrionale. &amp; le Meridiane nel Meridiano. le figure delle quali $ono qui $otto
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16900 po$te. Seruendoci in tutti la figura I. perche in tutte le $orti di hore ci $erue la i$te$$a diui$ione
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16901 dello equinottiale.</I>
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16902 <p><I>Cli horologi fatti nel piano del Meridiano $i pigliano dallo Analemma come gli altri; &amp; per-
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16903 che l'officio del Meridiano &egrave; di $eparare la parte di Leuante, dalla parte di Ponente, per&ograve; anche
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16904 di que$ti horelogi l'uno riguarder&agrave; a Leuante, &amp; l'altro a Ponente. Et per fargli ci $eruiranno
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16905 due circonferenze, delle quali l'una (come hauemo detto) cimo$trer&agrave; l'altezza del Sole $opra il
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16906 piano del Meridiano, dal che $i caueranno le lunghezze delle ombre. L'altra ci mo$trer&agrave; le lar
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16907 ghezze delle ombre, $econdo le di$tanze del Sole, dal detto piano. &amp; questa circonferenza $i
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16908 chiamer&agrave; Meridiana, &amp; quella $econdo gli antichi $epartita in no$tra lingua, &amp; ectemoria in
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diff changeset
16909 Greco, qua$i di $ei parti, $econdo $ei $iti, che ha l'Orizonte mobile ri$petto alle hore de gli antichi.
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diff changeset
16910 Sia adunque fatta la diui$ione de i tropici, come nello Analemma s&igrave; de i $emicircoli, come de i dia
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diff changeset
16911 metri: &amp; le portioni delle hore ne i $emicircoli $iano con i numeri delle hore de gli antichi nota-
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16912 te. Sia il $emicircolo del Capricorno di $otto $egnato x y. &amp; il $emicircolo del Cancro di $opra,
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diff changeset
16913 $egnato z. &amp;. et la doue $opra i diametri de i $emicircoli terminano le linee delle hore $ia po$to n.
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diff changeset
16914 Per $apere adunque le circonferenze Meridiane per la larghezza delle ombre, bi$ogna tirare linee
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diff changeset
16915 dal centro e. che pa$$ino per li punti n. &amp; peruenghino alla circonferenza del Meridiano a
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diff changeset
16916 b c d. come per e$$empio tirerai una linea occulta dal centro e. che pa$$i per lo primo punto
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diff changeset
16917 n. della linea delle hore prima, &amp; undecima, &amp; che peruenghi alla circonferenza al punto o.
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diff changeset
16918 l'arco adunque, &amp; la circonferenza a o. &egrave; l'arco, &amp; la circonferenza Meridiana della pri-
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diff changeset
16919 ma, &amp; della undecima hora. Similmente $e dal centro e. per lo punto del $econdo n. che &egrave;
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diff changeset
16920 dell'hora decima, &amp; $econda, pa$$er&agrave; una linea fin alla' circonferenza al punto i. la circonfe-
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diff changeset
16921 renza a i. ci $eruir&agrave; per la di$tanza, &amp; per la latitudine dell'ombra della decima, &amp; della
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diff changeset
16922 $econda hora. A que$to modo $i caueranno le circonferenze d'hora in hora, &amp; a u. $ar&agrave; la
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diff changeset
16923 circonferenza Meridiana delle hore terza, &amp; nona. a l. delle hore quarta, &amp; ottaua. a r.
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diff changeset
16924 delle hore quinta &amp; $ettima. Ma la $e$ta hora, che &egrave; l'hora Meridiana, non cade $opra quel pia-
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diff changeset
16925 no, perche &egrave; il piano i$te$$o. Ma gli archi, &amp; le circonferenze $epartite, per la altezza del So
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diff changeset
16926 le, &amp; lunghezza delle ombre $i pigliano in que$to modo. Sia centro il primo n. &amp; $patio n.</I>
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16927 11. 1. <I>&amp; $tando fermo il piede del compa$$o nel centro n. $ia uoltato l'altro piede $opra il
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diff changeset
16928 Meridiano, &amp; fatto punto</I> 11. 1. <I>la circonferenza, che $ar&agrave; tra</I> 11. 1. <I>&amp; lo punto o.
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diff changeset
16929 $ar&agrave; la circonferenza $epartita delle hore prima, &amp; undecima. po$to poi il centro nel $econdo n.
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16930 &amp; i$patio n.</I> 10. 2. <I>$tando fermo il piede nel punto n. &amp; uoltato l'altro, $ia $egnato $opra'l
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diff changeset
16931 Meridiano</I> 10. 2. <I>&amp; la circonferenza compre$a tra</I> 10. 2. <I>&amp; il punto e. $ar&agrave; l'arco del-
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diff changeset
16932 l'altezza del Sole $opra detto piano. con $imile uia $i piglieranno le circonferenze $epartite delle
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16933 altre hore, s&igrave; nel tropico del Capricorno di $otto, come nel tropico del Cancro di$opra, come uedi
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16934 nella figura $egnata A. &amp; per accommodare nell'horologio le dette circonferenze, &amp; per fug-</I>
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16935 <pb n="421">
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16936 <fig>
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parents:
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16937 <foot><I>III</I> 2</foot>
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16938 <pb n="422">
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16939 <I>gire la confu$ione, egli $i far&agrave; la figura $egnata B. Sia adunque fatio il circolo o p q n. che
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diff changeset
16940 rappre$enti il Meridiano, &amp; $ia partito in quattro quarte per due diametri o n. &amp; p q. $ia
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diff changeset
16941 pre$o nel diametro p q. la lunghezza del Gnomone, che uuoi dal punto e. al punto t. s&igrave; di
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diff changeset
16942 $otto come di $opra. &amp; pa$<02>ino per li punti t. linee egualmente di$tanti al diametro o n. che
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diff changeset
16943 $iano r t $. que$te $erueno per li piani, $opra li quali $i $tendeno le ombre. per ponere adunque le
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diff changeset
16944 lunghezze delle ombre d'hora in hora $opra i detti piani, piglierai dalla figura A. le circonfe-
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parents:
diff changeset
16945 renze $epartite delle hore, &amp; le riporterai nella figura B. quelle del tropico del Cancro nella
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16946 quarta n p. dal punto n. &amp; quelle del tropico del Capricorno nella quarta n q. dal punto
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16947 n. &amp; noterai i numeri delle hore ri$pondenti, da i quali tirerai le linee per lo centro e. fin al pia
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16948 no oppo$to r t $. doue quelle del Cancro $aranno $egnate $opra la linea r $ t. di $otto, &amp;
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16949 quelle del Capricorno nella linea r $ t. di $opra il diametro o e n. Volendo poi fare l'horolo
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16950 gio, che guarda a Leuante, farai il circolo $egnato C. che $ia a b c d. nel centro e. &amp; i dia
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16951 metri $iano a c. commune tag lio di e$$o Meridiano, &amp; dell'Orizonte, &amp; b d. commune ta
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16952 glio di e$$o Meridiano, &amp; del uerticale, $i che il punto a. $ia uolto al mezo d&igrave;, &amp; il punto c.
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16953 at Settentrione. dapoi $ia tirato un'altro diametro tra la quarta a d. che $ia f g. commune
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16954 taglio dello equinottiale, &amp; del Meridiano. il qual diametro $ia tanto alto $opra il punto a.
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16955 quanto l'equinottiale po$to nello Analemma $opra l'Orizonte. In que$ta figura $egnata C. tu
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16956 dei riportare gli archi ouero le circonferenze Meridiane, &amp; prima quelle del tropico del Capri-
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16957 corno a o. a i. a l. a u. a r. dal punto a. della figura C. nella circonferenza a f.
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16958 &amp; notare o i l u n. &amp; poi quelle del tropico del Cancro c o. c i. c l. c u. c r. dal
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16959 punto c. uer$o il punto d. &amp; notare i numeri delle hore corri$pondenti, &amp; tutto que$to farai
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16960 con lettere, &amp; linee, che $i po$$ino l<*>uare. I$pedite que$te diui$ioni nella figura C. tirerai le li-
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16961 nee dalli punti o. i. l. u. r. che pa$$ino per lo centro e. nella parte oppo$ta, s&igrave; quelle del Can
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16962 cro, come quelle del Capricorno. &amp; piglierai le lunghezze delle ombre dalla figura B. &amp; le ri-
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16963 porterai n ella figura C. dal centro e. nelle linee corri$pondenti alle hore, che uuoi traportare:
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16964 a que$to modo farai l'horologio tirando da i punti del tropico del Cancro a i punti del tropico del
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16965 Capricorno le linee delle hore, che taglieranno il diametro f g. ne i luoghi $uoi come uedi nella
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16966 figura C. Con la i$te$$a ragione $i fanno gli horologi nel piano Meridiano uolto a Ponente, ma
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16967 traportando il tutto nella quarta a b. &amp; $egnando le hore dopo il mezo d&igrave;, che $ono</I> 11. 10.
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16968 9. 8. 7. <I>come nella figura D. $i puo uedere.</I>
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16969 <p><I>A. Analemma per gli horologij che riguardano a Leuante, ouero a Ponente, donde $i caua
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16970 la latitudine.</I>
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16971 <p><I>B. come $i cauano le altezze del Sole per cauare le lunghezze dell'ombre.</I>
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16972 <p><I>C. horologio da leuante con le hore de gli antichi.</I>
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16973 <p><I>D. horologio occidentale con le hore de gli antichi.</I>
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16974 <p><I>E. horologio dall'Oriente con le hore dal mezo d&igrave;.</I>
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16975 <p><I>F. horologio occidentale, con le hore dal mezo d&igrave;.</I>
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16976 <p><I>G. horologio occidentale con le hore dopo'l mezo d&igrave;.</I>
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16977 <p><I>H. horologio Orientale dalle hore dell'occa$o inanzi mezo d&igrave;.</I>
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16978 <pb n="423">
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16979 <fig>
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16980 <pb n="424">
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16981 <p><I>Cia $i $ono i$pcditi gli horologi faiti nelli piani dell'Orizonte, del uerticale, &amp; del Meridiano
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16982 con l'aiuto delle circonferenze, &amp; de gli anguli dimo$tratori delle lunghezze, &amp; delle larghez-
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16983 ze delle ombre: hora $i dimo$trer&agrave; il modo di fare gli horologi nel piano dello equinottiale, il che
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16984 $ar&agrave; facile, &amp; diletteuole. Sia il Meridiano a b c d. con i diametri a c. b d. che $ita-
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parents:
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16985 glino ad anguli dritti, &amp; $ia ac. per lo diametro dello equinottiale, $opra il quale $iano i diametri:
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16986 de gli altri circoli egualmente di$tanti, come &egrave; nello Analemma. f K. il diametro del Cancro, &amp; del
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diff changeset
16987 Capricorno. h m. de Gemelli, &amp; del Sagittario. g i. del Toro, &amp; della Vergine. Sia $opra la
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diff changeset
16988 linea e b. pre$a la lunghezza del Gnomone e z. &amp; per lo punto z. pa$$i la linea l o. $o-
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diff changeset
16989 pra la quale per lo centro e. dalli punti f h g. cadino le linee g e t. h e $. f e r. $i che
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16990 z r. $ar&agrave; la lunghezza dell'ombra, quando il Sole $ar&agrave; nel tropico del Cancro, ouero del Capri
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diff changeset
16991 corno. z $. ne i Gemelli, &amp; nel Sagittario. z t. nel Toro, &amp; nella Vergine. Piglia poi dalla
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diff changeset
16992 figura A. lo $patio z t. &amp; fa il ctrcolo a b c d. $opra il centro e. dentro del quale ne
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diff changeset
16993 farai un'altro pre$a la di$tanza z $. dalla figura A. &amp; quello $ar&agrave; f g h i. dentro del
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16994 quale ne far ai un'altro pre$a la di$tanza z r. dalla fignra A. &amp; $ia quello k l m n. que-
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16995 $ti tre circoli rappre$entano nel piano equinottiale i circoli de i $egni pre$i nella figura A. per le
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16996 lunghezze delle ombre fatte nella linea del piano l z o. Siapoi diui$o il minor circolo in due
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diff changeset
16997 parti di$eguali, $i che la maggiore $ia</I> k <I>l m. per la portione del Cancro, che $ta $opra l'Ori-
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16998 zonte. &amp; la minore K n m. per la portione del Cancro, che $ta $opra l'Orizonte, &amp; la
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diff changeset
16999 minore</I> k <I>n m. per la portione del Capricorno, &amp; tirata la linea</I> k <I>m. $i che gli
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diff changeset
17000 e$tremi $uoi tocchino la e$trema circonferenza del circolo maggiore ne i punti a c. que$ta li-
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diff changeset
17001 nea a f</I> k <I>m h c. $ar&agrave; il taglio commune di quel piano, &amp; dell'Orizonte. Per $egnare adun-
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diff changeset
17002 que l'horologio, $e uuoi le hore antiche, partirai cia$cuna portione in dodici parti cominciando
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diff changeset
17003 dal taglio di quel piano con l'Orizonte nel minor circolo da m. &amp; nel maggiore dal c. &amp; le-
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diff changeset
17004 gherai i punti d&emacr;l circolo maggiore con quelli del minore. Ma $e uorrai le hore dal mezo d&igrave; co-
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diff changeset
17005 mincia la tua diui$ione dal Meridiano nel b. del circolo maggiore, &amp; nello l. del minore.
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diff changeset
17006 Et $e uuoi le hore dall'occa$o comincia a partire dal punto. c. del circolo maggiore, &amp; dal
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diff changeset
17007 punto m. del minore $i di $otto come di $opra. come $i &egrave; fatto ne gli horologi fatti nel piano
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17008 egualmente di$tante all'orizonte. il riuer$o di que$to horologio ti dimo$trer&agrave; le hore pre$e dal na-
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diff changeset
17009 $cer del Sole. &amp; $e uole$$i le hore del circolo egualmente di$tante allo Equinottiale ne i quindici
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diff changeset
17010 gradi di Ariete o di Vergine, bi$ognerebbe ponere nella figura. A. il diametro di quel circolo,
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diff changeset
17011 doue &egrave; la lettera. q. &amp; dal punto. q. far pa$$are una linea per lo centro. e. fin alla linea
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17012 del piano l z o. &amp; pigliare la lunghezza dell'ombra, &amp; farne un circolo d'intorno a gli altri,
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17013 &amp; partirlo allo i$te$$o modo, &amp; prolung are le linee delle hore alla $ua circonferenza. &amp; in que-
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diff changeset
17014 $ti $opra detti horologi, ne $aranno due, uno che riguarder&agrave; al polo di $opra, il quale &egrave; po$to nel-
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diff changeset
17015 la portione a b c. &amp; l'altro, che riguarda al polo di $otto che &egrave; posto nella portione a d c.
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17016 &amp; nell'uno &amp; nell'altro $i pone il Gnomone ad anguli dritti nel centro e.</I>
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17017 <p><I>Fin hora hauemo e$po$to come dallo Analemma $i cauano gli horologi, che $i fanno ne i pia-
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diff changeset
17018 ni egualmente di$tanti a i circoli fermi, cio&egrave; orizonte, uerticale, &amp; meridiano: $eguita, che $i di-
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parents:
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17019 mo$tri, come ne gli i$te<02>i piani de i circoli gia detti, che $i muoueno, $i fanno gli horologi, che pie-
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17020 gati, ouero inclinati $i chiamano; perche ri$petto ad alcun piano de i circoli fermi non gli $ono ad
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17021 anguli dritti. Ecco lo e$$empio. L'horologio fatto $opra il piano uerticale mobile, ri$petto al-
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17022 l'orizonte fermo gli &egrave; ad anguli giu$ti, ma ri$petto al meridiano fermo &amp; al uerticale fermo, non
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17023 gli &egrave; ad anguli giu$ti: $imilmente l'horologio fatto $opra il piano dell'Orizonte mobile ri$petto al
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17024 meridiano fermo gli &egrave; ad anguli giu$ti, ma ri$petto all'Orizonte fermo non gli cade $opra ad an-
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parents:
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17025 guli giu$ti. Finalmente l'horologio fatto $opra il piano del meridiano mobile, non cade ad anguli
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parents:
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17026 dritti, n&egrave; $opra l'orizonte fermo, n&egrave; $opra il meridiano fermo. Conuengono tutti gli horologi
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parents:
diff changeset
17027 piegati in que$to, che $ono doppi, cio&egrave; $i po$$ono fare ne i piani oppo$ti, cio&egrave; di $otto &amp; di $opra,
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diff changeset
17028 di qu&agrave;, &amp; di l&agrave;, &amp; come dal dritto, &amp; dal rouer$cio. prima gli horologi piegati all'orizonte, &amp;</I>
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17029 <pb n="425">
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parents:
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17030 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
17031 <pb n="426">
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parents:
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17032 <I>dritti al meridiano, hanno una faccia che riguarda al di $opra, &amp; l' altra al di $otto, gli horolo-
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parents:
diff changeset
17033 gi fatti nel piano del uerticale mobile hanno una facciata che declina d al meridiano da una par-
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parents:
diff changeset
17034 te, &amp; l'altra, che declina dall'altra. &amp; finalmente gli horologi fatti nel piano del meridiano <*>-
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parents:
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17035 bile hanno ancho il dritto, &amp; riuer$cio. Conuengono ancho tutti in que$to, che cia$cuno $i caua
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parents:
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17036 dallo Analemma. Gli orizontali piegati $i $erueno delle circonferenze, che dimo$trano le lun-
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parents:
diff changeset
17037 ghezze, &amp; le larghezze delle ombre, $i come $i $erueno gli horologi fatti nel piano egualmente
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parents:
diff changeset
17038 di$tante all'orizonte. il mede$mo fanno gli horologi piegati all'orizonte, &amp; al meridiano. &amp; il
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parents:
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17039 mede$imo fanno gli horologi uerticali piegati. Egli $ar&agrave; adunque nece$$ario con gli in$trumenti
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parents:
diff changeset
17040 pigliare le piegature, ouero le inclinationi, &amp; declinationi de i piani, $opra i quali $i haueran-
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parents:
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17041 no a formare gli horologi, de i quali in$tr umenti ne $ono molti, che hanno $eritto: ma io per non
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parents:
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17042 e$$er piu lungo, &amp; per dare occa$ione a gli $tudio$i di affaticar$i, &amp; per la$ciare ad altri le dimo-
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parents:
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17043 $tr ationi matematiche, rimando i lettori allo Analemma di Tolomeo dottamente e$plicato dal$o-
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parents:
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17044 pradetto Commandino.</I>
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17045 <HEAD><I>Della ragione de gli borologi, &amp; dell'u$o, &amp; della in-
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parents:
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17046 uentione loro, &amp; quali $ieno stati gli in-
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parents:
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17047 uentori. Cap. IX.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
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17048 <p>Egli $i dice, che Bero$o Caldeo ritrou&ograve; l'horologio, che $i caua da un quadra-
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parents:
diff changeset
17049 to, &amp; $erue ad una inclinatione di cielo. La $cafa, ouero lo hemi$pero Ari-
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diff changeset
17050 $tarco Samio. il mede$imo ritrou&ograve; il Di$co nel piano. la Ragna fu inuentio-
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parents:
diff changeset
17051 ne di Eudoxo A$tronomo, altri dicono d'Apollonio: il Plintho, ouero il La-
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parents:
diff changeset
17052 cunare, che &egrave; ancho nel circo Flamminio, di Scopa Siracu$ano: Parmenione fece gli ho-
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parents:
diff changeset
17053 rologi $econdo le relationi delle i$torie: Ad ogni Clima Thcodo$io, &amp; Andrea feccro gli
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parents:
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17054 horologi. Patrocle ritrou&ograve; il Pelecino; Dioni$oporo il Cono: Apollonio la Faretra: &amp; al-
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parents:
diff changeset
17055 tre maniere trouarono i $opra$critti, &amp; altri, come &egrave; il Gonarche, l'Engonato, &amp; l'Antibo
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parents:
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17056 reo. &amp; co$i dalle maniere predette molti la$ciarono come $i haue$$ero a formare gli horo-
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parents:
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17057 logi da uiaggio, &amp; che $tanno appe$i. da i libri de i quali, $e alcuno uorr&agrave;, (pure, che $i
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parents:
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17058 $appia la de$crittione de gli Analemmi) potr&agrave; ritrouarne le de$crittioni.
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parents:
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17059 <p><I>Gli horologi ritrouati da gli antichi, &amp; po$ti quiui da Vitruuio, $i po$$ono imaginare da quelli,
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parents:
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17060 che intendeno bene i circoli della $pera, &amp; che $anno la ragione de gli Analemmi, perche poi puo
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parents:
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17061 cia$cuno accommodargli qualunque forma gli piace. Bero$o ( come io $timo ) trou&ograve; l'horologio
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parents:
diff changeset
17062 cauato in un quadrato con i circoli paralleli, &amp; le hore ad una eleuatione. $i come Ari$tarco
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17063 lo fece in una meza $pera; che noi per fare gli horologi u$iamo come in$trumento, uolendo fare
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17064 gli horologi in piani diuer$i. il di$co era un ua$o cauato, ritondo, ma non di fatto ritondo come &egrave;
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17065 lo hemi$pero. la Aragna, il tronco, &amp; gli altri horologi che $i chiamano con que$ti nomi, che rap
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17066 pre$entano forme naturali, ouero artificiali, de i quali altri a i di no$tri ne hanno fatto $otto for
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17067 me di foglie d'alberi, di croci, di $telle, di naui, &amp; noi di animali quadrupedi, &amp; di uccelli, $i fan-
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17068 no con le ragioni della eleuatione del Sole, delle proportioni dell'ombre, &amp; de gli archi orizonta-
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diff changeset
17069 li. di que$ti gli Analemmi $ono al uolgo a$co$i, $i come $ono a$co$e le uirt&ugrave; delle ruote, &amp; i con-
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17070 trape$ine gli instrumenti: ma $olo $i uede di fuori lo effetto loro merauiglio$o. per&ograve; l' Aragna po-
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diff changeset
17071 teua e$$ere uno horologio, che haue<02>e le linee delle hore attrauer$ate da i circoli, che dimo$tra$-
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diff changeset
17072 $ero le altezze del Sole, $econdo la lunghezza dell'ombre, &amp; la altezza del Gnomone. come $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
17073 no gli horologi fatti nel piano dello Equinottiale po$ti di $opra $egnati B. C. D. E. Il Plintho
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17074 era un zocco, ouero un tronco nel quale $i poteua fare in diuer$e faccie gli horologi dritti, &amp;
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17075 piegati. alla Far<*> a $imigliauano gli horologi orientali, &amp; occidentali fatti nel piano del meri-</I>
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17076 <pb n="427">
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17077 <I>diano, come hauemo detto di $opra. Parmenione $econdo le eleuationi del polo in diuer$i pae$i
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parents:
diff changeset
17078 bauute per relatione di per$one, ouero di $crittori accommodaua gli horologi, la doue ancho Theo
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parents:
diff changeset
17079 do$io, &amp; Andrea fecero gli horologi uniuer$ali, che $eruiuano ad ogni inclinatione, o clima,
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parents:
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17080 che $i dica. perche ogni horologio fermo, che $ia fatto nel piano dello Equinottiale, o nel piano
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parents:
diff changeset
17081 dell'a$$e del monde alzato, ouero abba$$ato $opra la quarta del circolo alla eleuatione del polo,
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parents:
diff changeset
17082 ouero dello equinottiale, &amp; che $ia diui$o in parti uentiquattro, ci $eruir&agrave; in ogni pae$e. Fanno$i
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parents:
diff changeset
17083 anche horologi per ogni clima, che $i uoltano al cor$o del Sole, come &egrave; quello di Ciouanni Sta-
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parents:
diff changeset
17084 bio, &amp; quello di Pietro Appiano. lo Analemma di quelli &egrave; lo i$te$$o con lo Analemma di Vitr.
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parents:
diff changeset
17085 con alcune aggiunte del Mun$thero &amp; di Orontio. ma &egrave; co$a trouata da gli antichi. come &egrave; il pla-
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parents:
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17086 nisferio del Roias, &amp; le co$e del Sconero. Pelecino &egrave; detto dalla forma di $ecure, che io crederei,
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parents:
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17087 che fu$$ero gli horologi, che hanno le hiperbole, cio&egrave; i parall cli de i $egni, come $ono gli horologi
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parents:
diff changeset
17088 fatti nel piano orizontale, &amp; nel piano uerticale po$ti di $opra. Il Cono &egrave; formato da una rego-
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parents:
diff changeset
17089 la, che $i parte dal centro, &amp; $i $tende nello hemi$pero di $otto, fin all'e$treme declinationi de i
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parents:
diff changeset
17090 tropici. &amp; le estremit&agrave; di quello non terminano in alcuna oppo$ta $uperficie. Puo anche e$$er il
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parents:
diff changeset
17091 Trigono Zodiaco de$critto dal Mun$tero. Ma quello, che dice Vitr. Gonarche, Engonaton, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
17092 Antiboreo, pen$o io, che fu$$ero horologi, che haue$$ero ri$petto &agrave; qualche imagine cele$te, oue-
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parents:
diff changeset
17093 ro alle parti del cielo, ouero alla notte, che tutti per&ograve; $i pigliauano da i proprij Analemmi.
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parents:
diff changeset
17094 L'horologio, che Compa$$o &egrave; detto, &egrave; di quelli, che $ogliono portare $eco i uiandanti. le anella, i
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parents:
diff changeset
17095 Cilindri, i quadr anti, i circoli piani, $ono di quelli, che $tanno appe$i, de i quali ne $ono pieni i
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parents:
diff changeset
17096 libri de gli horologiografi. &amp; co$i fa fine Vitru. alla materia de gli horologi da Sole detta Gno-
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parents:
diff changeset
17097 monica. Noi di piu de gli antichi hauemo gli horologi da ruote, o da $pennole &amp; quelli d'a-
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parents:
diff changeset
17098 rena, che $ono mirabili, quelli per lo ingegno dello artefice, que$ti per la commodit&agrave;, &amp; facilit&agrave;
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parents:
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17099 loro. Ci$ono anche horologi da fuoco fatti in lucerne, de i quali ne parla Herone, che mo$trano
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parents:
diff changeset
17100 le hore al con$umare dell'oglio. ci $ono ancho horologi da acqua, de i quali ragiona Vit. dicendo.</I>
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parents:
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17101 <p>Oltra di que$to da gli i$te$si $crittori $i $ono cercate le ragioni de gli horologi da ac-
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parents:
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17102 qua: &amp; primamente da Cte$ibio Ale$$andrino, ilquale trou&ograve; gli $piriti naturali, &amp; le co$e
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parents:
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17103 da uento. Ma &egrave; co$a degna, che gli $tudio$i cono$chino come $iano $tate que$te co$e inue-
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parents:
diff changeset
17104 $tigate, &amp; cercate. Cte$ibio nacque in Ale$$andria, &amp; fu figliuolo d'un barbieri: e$$endo
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parents:
diff changeset
17105 co$tui eccellente oltra gli altri d'indu$tria, &amp; d'ingegno, dice$i, che $i dilettaua grandemen
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parents:
diff changeset
17106 te di co$e artificio$e: imperoche uolendo, che nella bottega di $uo padre uno $pecchio
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parents:
diff changeset
17107 pende$$e in modo, che quando egli fu$$e tratto fuori, &amp; ritorna$$e in $u, fu$$e una cordi-
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parents:
diff changeset
17108 cella $ottile a$co$a, che tira$$e il pe$o a ba$$o, co$i fece l'ordigno. Egli conficc&ograve; $otto uno
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parents:
diff changeset
17109 traue un canale di legno, &amp; iui po$e le taglie, o girelle che $i dichino, &amp; per lo canale con
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parents:
diff changeset
17110 du$$e la cordicella picciola in uno angulo. iui fece le canne, per lequali dalla cordicella man
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parents:
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17111 d&ograve; giu una palla di piombo, dalche nacque, che il pe$o andando allo in giu, per le $tret-
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parents:
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17112 tezze delle canne premeua con la uelocit&agrave; del calare la den$it&agrave; dello aere. &amp; $cacciando
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parents:
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17113 per la bocca delle canne la frequentia dello aere ra$$odata per quella compre$sione nello
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parents:
diff changeset
17114 aperto aere, &amp; col toccamento, o perco$$a e$primeua chiaramente il $uono.
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parents:
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17115 <p><I>Era uno ruotolo, nel quale erano inuolte due cordicelle per uno uer$o, i capi dellequali pen-
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parents:
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17116 deuano da una parte, &amp; all'uno de capi era appe$o uno $pecchio, all'altro non u'era attacato al-
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parents:
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17117 cuna co$a, ma egli $i la$ciaua per tirare, &amp; uoltare il ruotolo. tirando adunque, &amp; $uogliendo$i
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parents:
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17118 il ruotolo, ancho lo $pecchio tirando pe$aua, &amp; $uolgeua l'altro capo, co$i ueniua giu, ma la-
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parents:
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17119 $ciando il capo, il ruotolo $i riuolgeua, &amp; inuoltaua le cordicelle, &amp; co$i il pe$o andaua allo in
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17120 $u. Ma come que$to $i pote$$e fare, io dico, che nel mezo del ruotolo era un'altra cordicella auol-
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parents:
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17121 ta al contrario delle due, allaquale era attac ato un pe$o, il quale pe$ando piu dello $pecchio, quan
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parents:
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17122 do $i rila$ciaua il capo della cordicella, il pe$o, che era prima $alito calaua al ba$$o, perche la $ua
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parents:
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17123 cordicella $i $uolgeua, &amp; lo $pecch o $aliua, perche la $ua cordicella, s'inuolgeua. la cordicella
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parents:
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17124 adunque, che teneua il pe$o, era condotta na$co$amente per un canale di legno ad un angulo</I>
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parents:
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17125 <foot><I>KKK</I></foot>
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parents:
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17126 <pb n="428">
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parents:
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17127 <I>della bottega, che il pe$o era in una tromba a$$ettato di modo, che calando giu premeua lo acre
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17128 nella tromba, &amp; lo aere oppre$$o u$ciua con impeto, &amp; faceua $onare la tromba.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
17129 <p>Hauendo adunque Cte$ibio auuertito, che dallo tirare, &amp; dallo $cacciare dello aere,
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17130 na$ccuano gli $piriti, &amp; le uoci, u$ando que$ti auuertimenti come principij, fu il primo,
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parents:
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17131 che ordina$$e le machine Hidrauliche, &amp; le e$pre$sioni delle acque da $e mouenti$i, &amp; le
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17132 machine tratte dalla ragione del dritto, &amp; del circolar mouimento, &amp; molte altre manie-
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parents:
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17133 re di gentilezze, tra le quali egli e$plic&ograve; gli apparecchi de gli horologi da acqua.
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17134 <p><I>Faceua Cte$ibio molte belle co$e mo$$o da que principij, che gli mo$tr&ograve; for$e il ca$o, perche ue-
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17135 dendo, che lo aere $cacciato, &amp; depre$$o con $uono, &amp; rumore u$ciua dalle trombe in luogo aper
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parents:
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17136 to, egli con l'acque rinchiu$e, &amp; che non poteuano re$pir are, faceua le machine, &amp; le co$e, che
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17137 da $e $i moueuano, che automata $i chian. ano, &amp; gli horologi d'acqua, &amp; rappre$entaua le uoci
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17138 de gli uccelli, inalzaua l'acque, $premeua diuer$i liquori da una bocca $ola di ua$o, &amp; in propor-
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17139 tione mandaua fuori i liquori, faceua anche de gli Organi.</I>
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17140 <p>Primieramente Cte$ibio fece uno cauo d'oro, o d'una gemma forata, perche quelle co
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17141 $e n&egrave; $i con$umano per la perco$$a dell'acqua, ne riceuono bruttezze, che le otturino. Et
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17142 per quel cauo influendo l'acqua egualmente $ollieua un $ecchiello riuer$cio, Phello, o
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17143 Timpano nominato, nelqual &egrave; po$ta una regola, &amp; un Timpano, che $i uolta con denti
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17144 eguali. que$ti dentelli $pignendo l'uno l'altro fanno fare certi piccioli mouimenti, &amp; ri-
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17145 uolgimenti. $imilmente ci $ono ancho altre regole, &amp; altri Timpani dentati allo i$te$$o
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17146 modo, che da un mouimento forzati uoltando$i fanno effetti, &amp; diuer$it&agrave; di mouimenti,
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17147 ne i quali $i muouono le figurine, $i uoltano le mete, $i tirano pietruccie, ouero oua, $uo-
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17148 nano le trombe, &amp; $i fanno altre co$e per bellezza oltra il propo$ito. In que$te machine
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diff changeset
17149 ancho ouero in una colonna, ouero in un pila$tro $i de$criuono le hore, lequali una figu-
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17150 rina u$cendo dal ba$$o di una uerga dimo$tra per tutto il giorno, &amp; l'aggiunta, o la leua-
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diff changeset
17151 ta de i cunei ogni d&igrave;, &amp; ogni me$e forza a far le breuit&agrave;, &amp; le lunghezze delle hore. Ma il rin
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diff changeset
17152 chiuder dell'acque, accioche $i temprino que$ti $trumenti $i fa in que$to modo. Si fanno
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diff changeset
17153 due mete, una $oda, &amp; una concaua fatte al torno di modo, che una po$$a entrar nell'al-
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diff changeset
17154 tra, &amp; con la i$te$$a regola lo allargar$i, &amp; lo $trigner$i di quelle mete faccia il cor$o del-
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diff changeset
17155 l'acqua, che uiene in que ua$i o gagliardo, o debile. Co$i con que$te ragioni, &amp; machi-
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diff changeset
17156 nationi $i compongono gli horologi all'u$o del uerno. Ma $e per l'aggiunta, per lo leua-
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17157 re de i cunei, non $aranno approuate le breuit&agrave;, o gli accre$cimenti de i giorni, perche
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diff changeset
17158 $pe$$o i cunei $ono difetto$i, egli bi$ogncr&agrave; sbrigar$i in que$to modo. Egli $i de$criuer&agrave;
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diff changeset
17159 attrauer$o d'una colonnella le hore pre$e dallo Analemma, &amp; fondamento loro, &amp; $i con
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17160 ficcheranno nella col&omacr;nella le linee de i me$i, facendo$i quella col&omacr;nella in modo, che ella
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parents:
diff changeset
17161 $i po$$a girare, accioche uolgendo$i la colonna continuamente alla figurina, &amp; alla uerga,
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diff changeset
17162 dellaqual uerga la figurina u$cendo dimo$tra l'hore, faccia le breuit&agrave;, &amp; gli accre$cimenti
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17163 delle hore $econdo cia$cun me$e. Fanno$i ancho gli horologi del uerno, che detti $ono
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diff changeset
17164 Anaporici, d'un'altra $orte: &amp; $i fanno con que$te ragioni. Si di$pongono le hore di uer-
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17165 ghe di rame dal centro nella fronte di$po$te dalla de$crittione dello Analemma, in quella
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diff changeset
17166 de$cri<*>tione $ono circondati i circoli, che terminano gli $pacij de i me$i. Drieto que$te
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17167 uirgule, $ia po$to un Timpano, nelquale $ia de$critto, &amp; dipinto il cielo, &amp; il circolo dei
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diff changeset
17168 $egni, &amp; la de$crittione di quel circolo $ia figurata da i dodici $egni cele$ti, dal cui centro
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17169 &egrave; formato lo $patio di cia$cun $egno, uno magggiore, l'altro minore, Ma dalla parte di
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parents:
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17170 dietro a mezo il Timpano &egrave; incluio, &amp; $errato un perno, che $i gira, &amp; in quell'a$$e &egrave; una
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parents:
diff changeset
17171 catena molle di rame in uolta, dallaqual pende da una parte un $ecchiello, Phellos, o Tim
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parents:
diff changeset
17172 pano, che $i dica, ilquale &egrave; alzato dall'acqua, dall'altra di egual pe$o del $ecchiello &egrave; una
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diff changeset
17173 $accoma di $aorna. Co$i quanto il $ecchielo $ar&agrave; $olleuato dall'acqua, tanto abba$$an-
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17174 do$i il contrape$o uolger&agrave; il perno, &amp; il perno uolter&agrave; il Timpano, il cui giro fa alcuna
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17175 <pb n="429">
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17176 uolta maggior parte del circolo de i $egni, alcuna uolta minore: nelle riuolutioni $ue $ian
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17177 a $uoi tempi di$egnate le propriet&agrave; delle hore, perche in ogni $egno $ono i caui perfetti del
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17178 numero de i giorni di cia$cun me$e, la cui bolla, che ne gli horologi pare che tenga la ima
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17179 gine del Sole, dimo$tra gli $pacii delle hore. quella bolla traportata di foro in foro fail
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17180 cor$o $uo del me$e compiuto. Adunque $i come il Sole andando per lo $pacio de i $egni
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17181 allarga, &amp; ri$trigne i giorni, &amp; l'hore: co$i la bolla ne gli horologi per li punti contra il gi-
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17182 ro del centro del Timpano ogni giorno quando &egrave; traportata in alcuni tempi in piu lar-
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17183 ghi, in alcuni in piu $tretti $pacij con i termini de i me$i fa le imagini delle hore, &amp; de i
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17184 giorni. Ma per la admini$tratione dell'acqua, in che modo ella $i tempri alla ragione,
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17185 co$i bi$ogna fare. Drieto alla fronte dell horologio $ia po$to di dentro un ca$tello, o
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parents:
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17186 con$erua d'acqua, nelquale per una canna uadi l'acqua: que$ti nel fondo habbia un cauo,
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17187 &amp; a quello $ia affitto un Timpano di rame, che habbia un foro, per loquale u'entri l'ac-
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17188 qua, che uiene dal ca$tello, &amp; in quello $ia un timpano minore fatto con i cardini al tor-
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17189 no con ma$chio, &amp; femina tra $e con$tretti di modo, che il timpano minere come un ma
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17190 nico girando$i nel maggiore uada a$$ettato, &amp; dolcemente. Ma il labro del timpano
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17191 maggiore $ia $egnato con trecento$e$$antacinque punti egualmente di$tanti uno dall'al-
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parents:
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17192 tro: ma il minor cerchiello nell'ultima $ua circonferenza habbia fitto una lenguella, la
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17193 cui cima $i drizzi uer$o la parte de i punti, &amp; in quel cerchiello $ia temprato un foro da
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17194 quella parte doue l'acqua influi$ce nel timpano, &amp; con$erua l'admini$tratione. quando
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17195 adunque nel labro del timpano maggiore $aranno le forme de i $egni cele$ti, $ia quello im
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17196 mobile, &amp; nella $ommit&agrave; habbia formato il $egno del Cancro. al perpendicolo delquale,
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17197 da ba$$o $ia il Capricorno, dalla de$tra di chi guarda la Bilancia, dalla $ini$tra il $egno del
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17198 Montone, &amp; co$i gli altri $egni tra gli $pacij loro $iano di$egnati al modo, che $i uedono
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17199 in cielo. Adunque quando il Sole far&agrave; nel cerchiello del Capricorno, la lenguella nella
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17200 parte del maggior timpano toccando ogni d&igrave; cia$cuno punto del Capricorno hauendo il
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parents:
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17201 gran pe$o dell'acqua corrente a piombo uelocemente per lo foro del cerchiello lo $caccie
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17202 r&agrave; al ua$o, allhora quello riceuendo quell'acqua (perche pre$to $i empie) abbreuia, &amp; con-
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17203 tragge gli $patij minori de i giorni &amp; delle hore. Ma quando col quottidiano girare la
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17204 lenguella nel timpano maggiore entra nello Acquario, il foro uiene a perpendicolo, &amp; per
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17205 lo cor$o gagliardo dell'acqua &egrave; forzata piu tardamente mandarla fuori: co$i con quanto
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17206 men ueloce cor$o il ua$o riceue l'acqua egli dilata gli $pacij delle hore. ma $alendo per li
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17207 punti d'Aquario, &amp; di Pe$ci come per gradi, il foro del cerchiello toccando l'ottaua par
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17208 te del Montone pre$ta l'hore equinottiali all'acqua temprata, che $ale. Ma dal Montone
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17209 per gli $pacij del Toro, &amp; de Gemelli $alendo a gli altri punti del Cancro andando per lo
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17210 foro o timpano della ottaua parte, &amp; da quello tornando in altezza, $i debilita di forze, &amp;
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17211 co$i piu tardamente u$cendo l'acqua allunga gli $pacij con la dimora, &amp; fale hore $ol$ti-
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17212 tiali nel $egno del Cancro.
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17213 <p><I>Vuole Vitr. che gli Equinottij, &amp; i Sol$titij $i facciano in otto gradi de i lor $egni, &amp; comincia
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17214 l' anno quando il Sol entra in Capricorno.</I>
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17215 <p>Ma quando egli inclina dal Cancro, &amp; ua per Leone, &amp; Vergine, ritornando a i punti
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17216 della ottaua parte della Bilancia, &amp; di grado in grado abbreuiando gli $pacij, egli accor-
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17217 cia le hore, &amp; co$i peruenendo a i punti della Bilancia, di nuouo rende l hore equinottia-
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diff changeset
17218 li. Ma per gli $pacij dello Scorpione, &amp; del Sagittario piu procliuemente deprimendo$i
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17219 il foro ritornando col girar$i alla ottaua parte del Capricorno con la celerit&agrave; dell'acqua,
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diff changeset
17220 che $ale &egrave; re$tituito alle breuit&agrave; delle hore brumali. Quanto piu commodamente ho po-
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diff changeset
17221 tuto, io ho con diligenza $critto, che ragioni $iano nelle de$crittioni de gli horologi, &amp;
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17222 de gli apparati loro, accioche ageuolmente $i po$sino u$are. Re$ta che io di$corra $o-
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17223 pra le machine, &amp; principij loro, &amp; per&ograve; io comincier&ograve; a $criuere di que$te co$e nel $e-
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diff changeset
17224 <foot>KKK 2</foot>
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diff changeset
17225 <pb n="430">
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parents:
diff changeset
17226 guente uolume, accioche $ia perfetto, &amp; finito il corpo emendato dell'Archittetura.
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diff changeset
17227 <p><I>Molte belle inuentioni $ono $tate quelle di Cte$ibio, et uole$$e Iddio, che il tempo non ce le haue$$e
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parents:
diff changeset
17228 rubbate. Noi e$poneremo la mente di Vitru. con quella facilit&agrave;, &amp; breuit&agrave;, che $i puo in co$e
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parents:
diff changeset
17229 tanto difficili. Lo Analemma de$critto di $opra $ar &agrave; il modulo del nostro horologio. piglia adun
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diff changeset
17230 que la linea lacotomus h g. &amp; quella $ia il diametro d'una colonella fatta giu$tamente al tor-
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parents:
diff changeset
17231 no. il circolo de i me$i r. c. g. $ar&agrave; la circonferenza della colonnella. questo diuiderai in 12
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parents:
diff changeset
17232 parti eguali nell'ultima $ua circonferenza $opra la te$ta della colonella: &amp; da cia$cun punto del-
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parents:
diff changeset
17233 la diui$ione la$cierai cader a piombo lungo la colonnella le lince fin'all'altra te$ta. que$te diuideran
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parents:
diff changeset
17234 no lo $tipite della colonella in dodici parti eguali deputate a gli $patij de i dodici $egni. una di quel
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parents:
diff changeset
17235 le linee, che cader&agrave; dalla te$ta della line a lacotomus $eruir&agrave; al principio del Cancro, l'altra, che
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parents:
diff changeset
17236 cader&agrave; dall'altra parte $eruir&agrave; al principio del Capricorno. tirata poi una linea $opra la te$ta del-
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parents:
diff changeset
17237 la colonnella in croce, alla linea lacotomus, una di quelle linee, che cader&agrave; dall'una delle te$te ci
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parents:
diff changeset
17238 $eruir&agrave; al principio del Montone, l'altra al principio della Bilancia. ma le altre linee, che cade-
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parents:
diff changeset
17239 ranno da gli altri punti, ci $eruiranno a i principij de gli altrime$i, come fanno le linee tirate nei
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parents:
diff changeset
17240 cilindri. Di$egnerai anche uolendo di grado in grado le linee per ogni $egno al modo $opra po$to,
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diff changeset
17241 piglia poi dallo Analemma lo $patio che &egrave; dallo a. all' n. $opra l'equinottiale, &amp; quello diuide
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parents:
diff changeset
17242 rai in dodici parti eguali.</I> I<I>l $imile farai dello $patio dallo a all'x. &amp; quelle parti $iano trapor-
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parents:
diff changeset
17243 tate nella colonnella $opra le linee del Montone, &amp; della Bilancia. $imilmente piglia dallo Ana-
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parents:
diff changeset
17244 lemma lo $patio, che &egrave; da y al K. &amp; dall&ograve; $ al g. che &egrave; quello i$te$$o, &amp; partirailo in 12
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parents:
diff changeset
17245 parti eguali, &amp; quelle traporterai dallo Analemma alle linee del Cancro, &amp; del Capricorno nel
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parents:
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17246 la colonnella: ma quelle del Cancro comincierai a $egnar dal ba$$o, &amp; anderai all'in$u: &amp; quel-
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parents:
diff changeset
17247 le del Capricorno $egnerai al contrario dal di$opra al ba$$o. Il $imile farai tirando nello Analem
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parents:
diff changeset
17248 ma iraggi de gli altri $egni, &amp; quella parte de i diametri, che $ar&agrave; $opra l'Orizonte e a i. par
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parents:
diff changeset
17249 tir ai in dodici parti, &amp; quelle traporterai nella colonnella alle $ue propie linee. $imilmente il re-
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parents:
diff changeset
17250 $tante de i diametri $otto l'Orizonte partir ai in dodici parti, &amp; quelli traporterai, come le altre
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17251 nella colonnella, &amp; tutti quelli punti delle diui$ioni fatte legherai con linee. que$te linee $aranno
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17252 le linee delle hore cre$centi per ordine, &amp; $cemanti $econdo il cor$o del Sole. per&ograve; le aggiugnerai
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diff changeset
17253 i loro numeri di $otto, &amp; i caratteri, o le figure de i $egni cele$ti, al $uo luogo, come $ifa ne i ci-
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parents:
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17254 lindri. Drizzerai que$ta colonnella $opra un piano, &amp; con un perno nel mezo centro dal ba$$o
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17255 la poner ai in un foro dimodo, che la $i po$$a girare, ma prima circonderai il piede della colonna
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parents:
diff changeset
17256 con un cerchiello dentato a torno di 360 denti, accioche $tando la colonna dritta una ruota posta
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parents:
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17257 in piano dentata $imilmente ogni giorno faccia, che la colonnella $i muoua un grado: ma la ruota
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parents:
diff changeset
17258 piana $ar&agrave; mo$$a da un'altra ruota pur in piano da un dentello, che nell'uno de capi del $uo perno
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parents:
diff changeset
17259 $i pone: &amp; que$ta ruota &egrave; girata da un'altra con pari denti, ma po$ta in coltello, &amp; &egrave; dentata in
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parents:
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17260 fronte, tal che ognuna di loro girer&agrave; una uolta il giorno, $econdo che $i mouer&agrave; il $uo perno, il
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parents:
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17261 qual perno hauendo inuolta una fune dall'uno de i $uoi capi hauer&agrave; un $ecchiello riuer$cio, &amp; dal-
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parents:
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17262 l'altra un contrape$o dipe$o eguale. Ma il $ecchiello $ar&agrave; in un ua$o, nel quale u'entrer&agrave; l'acqua
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parents:
diff changeset
17263 che cader&agrave; giu da un'altro ua$o, &amp; co$i montando l'acqua, $i $olleuer&agrave; il $eccbiello, &amp; il contra
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parents:
diff changeset
17264 pe$o far&agrave; girar il perno, il perno girer&agrave; il Timpano, o la ruota in coltello, &amp; quella in coltello
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parents:
diff changeset
17265 mouer&agrave; laruota po$ta in piano, la quale con lo dentello, che hauer&agrave; in capo del $uo perno, dar&agrave; il
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parents:
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17266 mouimento a quella, che ogni giorno mouer&agrave; la colonnella un grado; &amp; co$i in capo l'anno la co
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parents:
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17267 lonnella hauer&agrave; fatto un giro. Ma per dimo$trar le bore, egli bi$ogna temperar l'acqua in que-
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parents:
diff changeset
17268 $to modo. Fa tornire due Mete, o coni di rame con diligenza, una delle quali $i far&agrave; uota, &amp;
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parents:
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17269 $ar&agrave; come femina, la quale nella $ua punta hauer&agrave; un foro $ottile fatto in un cauetto d'oro, o
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parents:
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17270 d'una Gemma: l'altra Meta $ar&agrave; $oda, &amp; come ma$chio entrer&agrave; nella femina, &amp; hauer&agrave; attac-
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parents:
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17271 cata una regola dritta nel mezo dalla parte piu gro$$a, la quale hauer&agrave; nel mezo per lungo una
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parents:
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17272 apritura, nella qual apritura hanno ad entrar alcuni cunei maggiori, o minori <*>econdo il bi$ogno
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parents:
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17273 della carcatura, o tempra dell'acqua. Et la femina $ia accommodata in un ordimento, o telaro</I>
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parents:
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17274 <pb n="431">
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parents:
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17275 <I>di legname, come nella figura $i uede; &amp; la regola, o manico del ma$colo $ia retto, &amp; goucrina-
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parents:
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17276 to da due regi$tri, &amp; cunei come il di$egno dimo$tra. Siano po$te que$te Mete in modo, che dal
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parents:
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17277 di $opra da un ua$o, che Vitr. chiama ca$tello, ui cada l'acqua dentro: io dico, che $el ma$chi,
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parents:
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17278 col ponerui de i cunei $ar&agrave; alzato fuori della femina, quanto piu d'acqua entrer&agrave; nella femina o
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parents:
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17279 entr ando l'acqua con maggior impeto, tanto piu ne u$cir&agrave; di $otto dal Cauetto in un ua$o per que-
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parents:
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17280 $to apparccchiato. Si che uolendo noi, che e$ca piu acqua bi$ogner&agrave; $egnar il cunco, o porui
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parents:
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17281 uno maggiore, o aggiugnerui de gli altri di modo, che la i$te$$a regola attaccata al ma$chio lo le
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parents:
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17282 ui piu, o meno $econdo il bi$ogno. l'acqua adunque di$cendendo in un ua$o alzer&agrave; uno $ecchiello
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parents:
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17283 r. uer$o, $u il quale po$er&agrave; una regola o uerg a mobile, dalla quale u$cira una figurina, che uolta
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parents:
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17284 ta uer$o le hore di$egnate nella colonnella alzando$i, &amp; abba$$ando$i $econdo la tempra dell'ac-
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parents:
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17285 qua, dimo$trer &agrave; ogni giorno le hore, mentre la colonnella dar &agrave; uolta un grado ogni d&igrave;. Et quan-
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parents:
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17286 do igiorni comincieranno a declinare, non $i piglier&agrave; piu l'acqua dal ca$tello, ma $i apriranno le
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parents:
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17287 Mete che $aranno in fondo del ua$o, per le quali con i loro cunei accommodati al di$ere$cere de i
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parents:
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17288 giorni u$cir&agrave; l'acqua del ua$o, &amp; attaccando il $ecchiello al capo del contrape$o, &amp; il contrape-
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parents:
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17289 $o a quello, che era attaccato il $ecchiello, per lo calar dell'acqua nel ua$o il $ecchiello $i abba$-
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parents:
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17290 $er&agrave;, &amp; la figurina ancor lei $iuenir&agrave; abba$$ando, &amp; mo$trer&agrave; l'hore, &amp; <*>gradi da i $egni di gior
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parents:
diff changeset
17291 no, in giorno, come &egrave; detto di $opra. L'altra forma di horologio &egrave; belli$$ima, &amp; molto artifi-
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17292 cio$a, &amp; utile alla dimo$tratione delle co$e cele$ti, &amp; $ifa in que$to modo, &amp; &egrave; diui$o que$to trat
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17293 tamento da Vitr. in due parti, l'una &egrave; la compo$itione dello horologio, l'altra &egrave; la tempra del-
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17294 l'acqua: $imilmente la compo$itione dello horologio &egrave; diui$a in due parti, l'una &egrave; la de$crittione
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17295 delle hore, l'altra &egrave; la de$crittione del Cielo, &amp; del Zodiaco: la de$crittione delle hore &egrave; pre$a
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17296 dallo Analemma, ma Vitr. non in$egna a che modo: $imilmente ancho eglinon c'in$egna il modo
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17297 di de$criuere il cielo, &amp; il Zodiaco, per&ograve; partitamente io e$poner&ograve; $econdo, che io la intendo.
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17298 Lo Analemma adunque $i piglia dalla sfera po$ta in piano con ragione di pro$pettiua, $econdo,
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17299 che $i de$criue una tauola dello A$trolabio. Il modo &egrave; que$to. Sia fatto un circolo a b c d.
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17300 in quattro parti da due diametri diui$o. Que$to circolo rappre$enta il tropico del Capricorno,
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diff changeset
17301 dentro del quale $i ha a formare, &amp; lo equinottiale, &amp; il tropico del Cancro, i quali circoli $o-
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17302 no minori per ragione di pro$pettiua, perche noi $e imaginamo di tener l'occhio no$tro nel polo op
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parents:
diff changeset
17303 po$to al no$tro, &amp; guardar uer$o il no$tro polo: certo &egrave; che il circolo del Capricorno ci uerr&agrave; pri-
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17304 ma incontro, dapoi uerr&agrave; l'equinottiale, &amp; in fin il tropico del Cancro, &amp; ancho il tropico del
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17305 Caipricorno ci parer &agrave; maggiore, perche $i ueder&agrave;$otto maggior angulo, &amp; per e$$er piu uicino
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parents:
diff changeset
17306 all'occhio, &amp; il tropico del Cancro ci parer&agrave; minore, &amp; per e$$er piu lontano $i ueder&agrave; $otto an-
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parents:
diff changeset
17307 gulo piu $tretto, &amp; co$i l'equinottiale $ar&agrave; maggiore del tropico del Cancro, &amp; minore del tropi
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parents:
diff changeset
17308 co del Capricorno per le i$te$$e ragioni, &amp; que$to $i deue auuertire, perche &egrave; co$a bella, &amp; $ecre-
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parents:
diff changeset
17309 ta. Il re$to $i fanel modo, che $i de$criueno le tauole de gli A$trolabi, ouero le reti; al che fare
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parents:
diff changeset
17310 io mi riporto a chi ne ha $critto con diligenza. Dapoi per $egnar le hore $i diuideno tutti gli ar-
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parents:
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17311 chi de i circoli fatti di $opra l'orizonte cia$cuno in dodici parti eguali, &amp; co$i gli archi di $otto in
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parents:
diff changeset
17312 dodici parti, &amp; per la regola di trouar il centro de i tre punti $i legano in$ieme i punti de i tropici
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parents:
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17313 con i punti equinottiali, i primi con i primi, i $econdi con i $econdi, &amp; co$iper ordine. &amp; a que-
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parents:
diff changeset
17314 $to modo $aranno $egnate le hore: le quali Vitr. uuole che $iano fatte di uerghe di rame, perche
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parents:
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17315 $otto di e$$e ui ha da andare un Timpano, che ha il Zodiaco, &amp; il Cielo di$egnato, per&ograve; accioche
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17316 $i ueda di $otto, &egrave; nece$$ario far que$te uirgule, i cui quadretti io ho adombrati, perche s'inten-
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17317 da, che $ono tagliati, &amp; forati. Dapoi que$to egli $i fa un Timpano, &amp; $e gli dipigne $opra le
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17318 Stelle &amp; il Zodiaco. questi $imilmente &egrave; pre$o dalla rete dello A$trolabio. N&egrave; $olamente $egnerai
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parents:
diff changeset
17319 i principij de i $egni, ma ancho i gradi, &amp; in ogni grado farai un foro nella circonferenza della
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17320 Eclittica, nel qual foro digiorno in giorno tra$porterai la bolla, che Vitr. intende per lo Sole,
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parents:
diff changeset
17321 che mo$ira le hore ne gli horologi: il Timpano co$i di$egnato $ar&agrave; po$to drieto le linee delle hore,
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parents:
diff changeset
17322 &amp; ogni d&igrave; $i uolta compiutamente una uolta, ma la bolla $tando ferma per un d&igrave; nel grado, &amp;</I>
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parents:
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17323 <pb n="432">
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parents:
diff changeset
17324 <I>nel foro di quel Segno doue $i troua il Sole mo$trer&agrave; l'arco diurno, &amp; le hore, $econdo il cre$ce-
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parents:
diff changeset
17325 re, &amp; il calar da i giorni, &amp; delle hore: il Timpano $i uolge (come s'&egrave; detto) di $opra, hauen-
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parents:
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17326 do nel mezo fitto un fu$o, d'intorno il quale &egrave; una catena molle come dice Vitr. cio&egrave; di anelli ritor
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parents:
diff changeset
17327 ti, &amp; corti come la lettera S. dimodo, che la $i uolga facilmente, et da uno capo ha uno $ecchiello
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17328 &amp; dall'altro un contrape$o di pe$o eguale al $ecchiello, il qual $ecchiello e$$endo dall'acqua$olle-
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parents:
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17329 uato fa che la catena $i $uolge, &amp; il fu$o $i muoue, &amp; il fu$o mo$$o uolta il Timpano. Ma come
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17330 egli $i habbia a temprar l'acqua, accioche ogni giorno $i ueda que$ta differenza delle hore Vitr.
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parents:
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17331 ce lo in$egna.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
17332 <p><I>La tempra dell'acqua $i fa in que$to modo. Egli $i fa drieto la fronte dell'horologio una con-
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parents:
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17333 $erua dell'acqua, laquale Vitru. qui &amp; altroue chiama ca$tellum. a questo ca$tello $i fa un foro
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parents:
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17334 di $otto, accio l'acqua po$$a u$cire. a quel foro &egrave; congiunto un Timpano, &amp; ancho egli ha un fo-
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parents:
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17335 ro, per lo quale entra l'acqua in e$$o dal ca$tello, que$ti $ar&agrave; di quella grandezza $econdo che
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parents:
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17336 ricerca la grandezza dello horologio, la materia delquale &egrave; di rame ri$petto all'acqua, che egli
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17337 tiene del continuo. que$ti &egrave; immobile, &amp; ha $egnato nella $ua circonferenza di tanti punti, quanti
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parents:
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17338 $ono giorni all'anno: &amp; ancho egli $i puo fare un Zodiaco, i gradi de i $egni delquale ri$pondino a
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parents:
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17339 i giorni de i me$i, $econdo che egli $i puo trarre dalle tauole del mouimento del Sole. di$egnato $ia
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parents:
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17340 nella $ommit&agrave; il Cancro, dalla de$tra di colui, che guarda, la Libra, dalla $ini$tra il Montone, di
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17341 $otto il Capricorno, &amp; tra questi $iano al luogo $uo de$critti gli altri $egni, &amp; i gradi loro a iqua
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parents:
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17342 li difotto $iano i giorni, i numeri, &amp; i me$i ri$pondenti a i loro propi $egni. Tira poi una linea a
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parents:
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17343 perpendicolo dal Cancro al Capricorno, laquale &egrave; come diametro del Timpano. partirai poi la
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parents:
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17344 circonferenza del detto Timpano in parti noue eguali, &amp; $econdo la larghezza di una $i fa il $e-
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parents:
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17345 midiametro d'un'altro Timpano picciolo, della cir conferenza delquale $i fanno otto parti, &amp; $e-
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parents:
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17346 condo la distanza d'una di quelle $i allarga la $e$ta, &amp; $i pone un piede di e$$a nel mezo del Tim-
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parents:
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17347 pano grande, &amp; $i fa un circolo di quella grandezza, &amp; il $imile $i fa nel Timpano picciolo. que-
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17348 $to circolo $i parte in parti $ette eguali, una dellequali $i parte in quattordici, una dellequali $i
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17349 riporta dal centro del Timpano picciolo $opra il diametro, &amp; iui $i fa punto uer$o la parte inferio
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17350 re, &amp; $i tira da quel centro una circonferenza tanto quanto &egrave; una delle $ette parti, &amp; questo $i
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17351 fa ancho nel Timpano grande, &amp; &egrave; que$to circolo come uno eccentrico, &amp; tra que$to circolo ec-
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17352 centrico &amp; l'altro concentrico dalla parte di $opra, $i fa un foro nel Timpano grande ritondo, dal
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17353 quale e$ce l'acqua, che ua poi nel Timpano picciolo, nelquale Timpano picciolo $ono di$egnati i
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17354 mede$imi circoli cio&egrave; lo eccentrico, &amp; concentrico, &amp; quelli partiti con certe linee, accioche per
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17355 quelle pa$$i l'acqua dal Timpano maggiore piu &amp; meno $econdo il bi$ogno. le altezze o uacui de
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17356 i Timpani $i far anno $econdo la capacit&agrave; dell'acqua, che richiede l'horologio. nel coltello, &amp; ta
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17357 glio, o fronte, che $i dica, del Timpano minore $i fa un foro, che Vitr. chiama Orbiculo, alquale &egrave;
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17358 attaccata una lenguella. da que$to foro e$ce l'acqua in un ua$o $ottopo$to. Questi timpani $ono
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17359 po$ti in$ieme con i cardini loro fatti a torno di modo, che uno entri nell'altro, come ma$chio, &amp;
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17360 femina, &amp; il Timpano picciolo $ia col piano $uo forato co$i congiunto, &amp; a$$ettato col piano del
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17361 Timpano maggiore, che niuna co$a di mezo ui po$$a entrare: &amp; a questa $imiglianza Vitru. dice
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17362 che $ono i galletti: o i bocchini a$$aggiati alle co$e. Egli accader&agrave; adunque, che uolendo noi tem-
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parents:
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17363 prar l'acqua, la lenguella, che &egrave; congiunta al foro del Timpano minore, drizzata da $e con l'arti-
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17364 ficio dell'acqua di giorno in giorno al $egno, &amp; al giorno corrente de$critto nel Timpano maggio
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diff changeset
17365 re, hauendo in quella parte il foro del Timpano minore hora dritto, hora piegato, hora a perpen-
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parents:
diff changeset
17366 dicolo, $econdo, che ricercher&agrave; il $ito di quel giorno, mander&agrave; fuori piu, &amp; meno acqua in un
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diff changeset
17367 ua$o di $otto, nelquale $ar&agrave; il $ecchiello attaccato alla catena, come di $opra s'&egrave; detto, &amp; riuol-
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diff changeset
17368 ger&agrave; ogni giorno il perno, &amp; il perno il Timpano dello horologio, &amp; quello $econdo il bi$ogno:
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diff changeset
17369 &amp; benche pare che Vitr. uoglia, che la bolla, che tiene la imagine del Sole, $ia &agrave; mano tra$por-
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diff changeset
17370 tata di foro in foro contra il giro del Timpano, nientedimento l'ingenio$o M. France$co Marcoli-
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diff changeset
17371 no ha tronato il modo di fare, che la lenguella, che nella parte dinanzi dimc$tra l'hore (che noi</I>
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diff changeset
17372 <pb n="433">
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diff changeset
17373 <I>chiamiamo raggio) ritorni a drieto ogni d&igrave; un grado; &amp; perche Vitru. uuole, che nel Timpano,
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diff changeset
17374 che dimo$tra l'a$cendere, &amp; di$cendere de i $egni $opra la terra, $iano $eg<*>ati i giorni de i me$i, li-
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parents:
diff changeset
17375 quali per e$$ere trecento$e$$ant acinquc, ha fatto nella circonferenza del detto Timpano, o Ruo-
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parents:
diff changeset
17376 ta, che chiamiamo noi trecento$e$$antacinque denti partiti egualmente, come dice Vitru. &amp; co-
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parents:
diff changeset
17377 me uuole e$$o Autore, gli ha po$to nel mezo il $uo cardine, che $erue per ma$chio, &amp; femina; &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
17378 di poi ha formato un'altro Timpano, o pur ruota (come dicemo noi) della grandezza della $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
17379 pradetta, &amp; nel coltello, o circonferenza $ua, che uolemo dire, ha fatto denti trecento$e$$ant a$ei,
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diff changeset
17380 de$tinti di egual portione; &amp; que$ta ruot a ha anchor lei il $uo cardine ma$chio, &amp; femina, il-
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parents:
diff changeset
17381 quale non &egrave; co$i detto da Vitr. $enza gran con$ideratione: &amp; nel foro di que$to perno entr a il per-
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parents:
diff changeset
17382 no principale confitto, &amp; $tretto di modo che girando ditto perno per uirt&ugrave; della tempra dell'ac-
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parents:
diff changeset
17383 qua $i giri que$ta ruota con e$$o lui come $e fu$$ero una co$a mede$ima; &amp; dipoi nel perno di que-
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diff changeset
17384 $ta ruota, $i pone la ruota, nella qual $on $egnati i giorni di cia$cun me$e, &amp; i $egni cele$ti; le-
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parents:
diff changeset
17385 quali ruote, girando il perno, girano in$ieme in un rocchello mo$$o da dette ruote, &amp; gir ando
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parents:
diff changeset
17386 continuamente di compagnia, quella che ha un dente di piu re$ta ogni d&igrave; un grado in drieto, il</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
17387 <fig>
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diff changeset
17388 <pb n="434">
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parents:
diff changeset
17389 <p><I>I Timpani po$ti all incontro $erueno alla facciata dello borologio $eguente; Quello di $otto &egrave; immobile &amp; l'altro gira mo$$o dall'artificio de l'acqua.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
17390 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
17391 <pb n="435">
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parents:
diff changeset
17392 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
17393 <foot><I>LLL</I></foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
17394 <pb n="436">
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parents:
diff changeset
17395 <I>perno dellaquale uuole auanzare fuori della faccia dello horologio e$$endo grande per il manco
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parents:
diff changeset
17396 mezo piede, &amp; nella $ua $ommit &agrave; fi a accommadata la lenguella della lung hezza quanto far&agrave; di
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parents:
diff changeset
17397 bi$ogno, nella qual $aranno $egnati i gradi de i $egni da un tropico all'altro, laquale $eruir&agrave; a mo-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
17398 $t<*>are l'hore, &amp; il cor$o de i $egni &amp; i gradi il uerno, come dice Vitru. Et mettendo$i la lenguella
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
17399 al perno dell'altra ruota, ilquale $ar&agrave; piu corto quattro dita, mo$trer&agrave; il cre$cere de i giorni. &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
17400 i cor$i de i $egni, &amp; i gradi, &amp; l'hore di tutta la $tate: perche $i come l'altra ruota per lo dente
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parents:
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17401 di piu, mo$tra il calar de i giorni, que$ta per lo dente di manco con la lenguella mo$trer&agrave; il cre-
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parents:
diff changeset
17402 $cere de i giorni, &amp; il calar delle notti: Auuertendo che nella lenguella ua accommodato un Sole, o
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parents:
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17403 bolla come dice Vitr. mobile da poter$i traportare ogni giorno in detta lenguella nel grado del
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diff changeset
17404 $egno del giorno corrente, come fa la lenguella della tempra dell'acqua da $e. Io uedo quanta
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parents:
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17405 difficult&agrave; $i troua in uoler de$criuere que$te co$e, ma poi che con$idero, come quando la co$a $a-
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17406 r&agrave; inte$a, $i prender&agrave; gu$to mirabile, uoglio creder, che ogni fatica ci parer &agrave; dolse, &amp; $oaue, ri-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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17407 mettendomi $empre al miglior giudicio.</I>
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diff changeset
17408 <fig>
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17409 <pb n="437">
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17410 <fig>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
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17411 <p><I>Que$te due figure $ono po$te per mo$trare le parti occulte de i Timpani, che $erueno per la
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17412 tempera dell'acqua; &amp; uanno congiunte in$ieme, come nella pa$$ata figura $i uede.</I>
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17413 <HEAD><I>Il Fine del libro Nono.</I></HEAD>
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17414 <foot><I>LLL</I> 2</foot>
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17415 <pb n="438">
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17416 <HEAD>LIBRO DECIMO</HEAD>
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17417 <HEAD>DELL' ARCHITETTVRA DI
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17418 M. VITRVVIO.</HEAD>
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17419 <fig>
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parents:
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17420 <HEAD><I>PROEMIO.</I></HEAD>
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17421 <p>DICESI che in Efe$o nobile, &amp; ampia citt&agrave; di Greci &egrave; $tata da i loro
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
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17422 maggiori con dura conditione, ma con ragione non iniqua un'antica leg
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parents:
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17423 ge ordinata: percioche l'Architetto quando piglia a fare un'opera publi
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parents:
diff changeset
17424 ca, promette prima quanta $pe$a ui ha d'andare. fatta la $tima al magi-
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parents:
diff changeset
17425 $trato $i obligano i $uoi beni, fin che l'opera $ia finita, la quale fornita,
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parents:
diff changeset
17426 quando la $pe$a ri$ponde a punto a quanto s'&egrave; detto, con decreti, &amp; ho-
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parents:
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17427 nori l'Architetto uiene ornato; &amp; $imilmente $e non piu del quarto $i $pende, quello ag-
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parents:
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17428 giugner $i deue alla $tima, &amp; $i ri$tora del publico, &amp; egli &agrave; niuna pena &egrave; tenuto: ma qnan
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
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17429 do piu della quarta parte $i $pende, egli $i piglia il dinaro de i $uoi beni al fornimento del-
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parents:
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17430 l'opera. Dio uole$$e, che i dei immortali fatto haue$$ero, che non $olamente alle publi-
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parents:
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17431 che, ma alle priuate fabriche quella legge fu$$e $tata al popolo Romano ordinata, perche
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
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17432 non $enza ca$tigo gliignoranti ci a$$a$sinerebbeno, ma $olamente quegli, che con $otti-
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parents:
diff changeset
17433 gliezza delle dottrine prudenti $ono, $enza dubbio farebbeno profe$sione d'Architettura,
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parents:
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17434 n&egrave; i padri di famiglia indotti $arebbeno a gettar infinite $pe$e, perche poi da i loro beni
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parents:
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17435 $cacciati fo$$ero, &amp; gli Architetti con$tretti dal timor della pena piu diligentemente il con
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parents:
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17436 to della $pe$a face$$ero, accioche i padri di famiglia, a quello, che proui$to haue$$ero, o
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parents:
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17437 poco piu aggiugnendo, drizza$$ero la forma delle fabriche loro: percioche colui, che puo
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parents:
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17438 prouedere di quattrocento, $e accre$cier&agrave; cento piu, hauendo $peranza di condur l'ope-
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parents:
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17439 ra a compimento, con diletto, &amp; piacere, &egrave; trattenuto: ma chi aggrauato dalla met&agrave;
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parents:
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17440 della $pe$a, o di piu, perduta la $peranza, &amp; gettata la $pe$a rotto il tutto con animo di-
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parents:
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17441 $perato, &egrave; con$tretto a la$ciar ogni co$a. N&egrave; pur que$to difetto &egrave; ne gli edifici, ma ancho
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parents:
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17442 ne i doni, che dal magi$trato $i danno al foro de i gladiatori, &amp; alle $cene de i giuochi, a
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parents:
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17443 i quali n&egrave; dimora, n&egrave; indugio $i concede, ma la nece$sit&agrave; con prefi$$o tempo di fornirgli
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17444 con$trigne, come $ono le $edi de gli $pettacoli, &amp; il porui delle tende, &amp; tutte quelle co-
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parents:
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17445 $e, che all'u$anze della $cena, al ueder del popolo con fattura, &amp; apparato $i fanno. In
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parents:
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17446 que$te co$e ueramente bi$ogna hauer del buono, &amp; pen$arui ben $opra, perche niuna di
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diff changeset
17447 que$te co$e $i puo fare $enza indu$tria, &amp; manifattura, &amp; $enza uaria, &amp; ri$uegliata uiuaci
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diff changeset
17448 t&agrave; di $tudi. Perche adunque tai co$e ordinate $ono a que$to modo non pare, che $ia fuori
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diff changeset
17449 di propo$ito, prima che $i dia principio alle opere, che cautamente, &amp; con diligenza $i
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diff changeset
17450 e$pedi$chino le ragioni loro. Quando adunque n&egrave; la legge, n&egrave; la con$uetudine ci puo for
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diff changeset
17451 zare a que$to, &amp; ogni anno i Pretori, &amp; gli Edili per li giuochi apparecchiar deono le ma
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parents:
diff changeset
17452 chine, ho giudicato non alieno, poi che ne i libri pa$$ati s'&egrave; detto de gli edifici, in que-
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diff changeset
17453 $to, che ha la $omma terminatione del corpo dell' Architettura, e$poner con precetti,
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parents:
diff changeset
17454 quali $iano i principij ordinati delle machine a que$to conuenienti.
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diff changeset
17455 <pb n="439">
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parents:
diff changeset
17456 <p>H<I>ora condotti $iamo all'ultimo lauoro, come dice Dante, &amp; cire$ta laterza partc
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parents:
diff changeset
17457 principale dell' Architettura po$ta nella cognitione, &amp; nella di$po$itione delle ma
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parents:
diff changeset
17458 chine, &amp; de gli$trumenti; bella utile, &amp; merauiglio$a pratica; imperoche chi &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
17459 quello, che non guardi con $tupore un huomo $opra le forze $ue aiutato da un piccio
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parents:
diff changeset
17460 lo $trumento leuare con grandi$$ima ageuolezza un pe$o $mi$urato? con debil fune artificio$amen-
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parents:
diff changeset
17461 te riuolta $olleuare un $a$$o appari d'un monte pondero$o? chi non legge con merauiglia le co$e fat
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parents:
diff changeset
17462 te da Archimede? chi non pauenta all'horribile inuentione dell'Artiglierie, le quali &amp; col $uo-
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parents:
diff changeset
17463 no, &amp; con l'empito, &amp; con gli effetti imitando i tuoni, i baleni, &amp; i fulmini, con infernal tor-
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parents:
diff changeset
17464 mento $ono la$trage del genere humano? Ma la$ciamo i terrori da parte: quanta utilit&agrave; di gra-
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parents:
diff changeset
17465 tia, quanto piacere ci pre$ta la inuentione delle ruote, il modo di alzar l'acque, gli $trumenti
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parents:
diff changeset
17466 da fiato, le co$e che da $e $i muoueno? &amp; quello che fa la natura, perche niente $ia di uoto? Non
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parents:
diff changeset
17467 &egrave; dunque che noi merauiglia prendiamo, $e que$ta &egrave; una parte delle principali dell'Architettura.
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parents:
diff changeset
17468 Di que$ta adun que tratta Vitr. nel decimo, &amp; ultimo libro $econdo la prome$$a fattaci per inan-
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parents:
diff changeset
17469 zi. Di que$ta ancho ne ragioneremo noi quanto al pre$ente negotio $timeremo bi$ognare: Auuer
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parents:
diff changeset
17470 tendo prima ($econdo che ne gli altri libri fatto hauemo) a gli utili precetti dati da Vitr. nel proe
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parents:
diff changeset
17471 mio di que$to libro: nel quale, Dio uole$$e, che $i come $i truoua un mirabile prouedimento, co$i
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parents:
diff changeset
17472 eglifo$$e o$$eruato $empre, &amp; $i o$$erua$$e tuttauia: perche e$$endo $tata una legge in Efe$o, che
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parents:
diff changeset
17473 gli Architetti laude, &amp; honore merita$$ero, quando la $pe$a delle fabriche non fu$$e maggiore,
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parents:
diff changeset
17474 di quello, che predetto haue$$ero, &amp; di danno, et bia$imo fu$$ero debitori, quando oltra la quar
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parents:
diff changeset
17475 ta parte eccede$$e il primo computo: $apendo gli huomini, che fabricar uole$$ero di che morte ha
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parents:
diff changeset
17476 ue$$ero a morire, o non $i la$cierebbero imbarcare, e$$endo la $pe$a maggiore delle forze loro, o a
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parents:
diff changeset
17477 tempo prouederebbono al bi$ogno, &amp; n&omacr; $i farebbe quello, che a i d&igrave; no$tri molti fanno, che per una
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parents:
diff changeset
17478 certa uanit&agrave; (credo io) con priuate forze cominciano ca$e regali, &amp; $e ne re$tano $ul bello, ha
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parents:
diff changeset
17479 uendo per&ograve; fornilo, &amp; adornato con quella $pe$a, che $i puo maggiore le parti fatte con i $tucchi,
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parents:
diff changeset
17480 oro, pitture, &egrave; guarnimenti tali, che $e il tutto a que princip&yuml; ri$ponde$$e, non ba$terebbe un re-
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parents:
diff changeset
17481 gno a dargli compimento, di modo, che quello, che &egrave; fatto, $i getta, &amp; quello, che $i deue fare,
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parents:
diff changeset
17482 s'abandona. Ma la$ciamo quelli parere, o e$$er quello, che parer, o e$$er uogliono, confidando-
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parents:
diff changeset
17483 ci noi ne i precetti, &amp; ne i pareri de i buoni, crediamo (come altre fiate s'&egrave; detto) che i meglio
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parents:
diff changeset
17484 $pe$i dinari $ono que primi, che $i danno a un buon' Architetto, perche da quella prima $pe$a ogni
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parents:
diff changeset
17485 co$a prende un buono inuiamento, &amp; douendo$i $pendere di molte migliaia di $cudi, e$$er non $i
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parents:
diff changeset
17486 deue parco, a chi ben con$iglia, per a$$icurar$i quanto piu $i puo, &amp; per l'utile, &amp; per l'hono-
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parents:
diff changeset
17487 re. Quella legge adunque, che dice Vitr. e$$er $tata in Efe$o con dura conditione, ma con giu$ta
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parents:
diff changeset
17488 ragione ordinata, $taria bene a i no$tri giorni, &amp; in quelle co$e ancho, doue &egrave; piu $ubita occa$io-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17489 ne di $pendere, piu pericolo di deliberare, &amp; men commodit&agrave; di uederne il conto, come &egrave; ne gli
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parents:
diff changeset
17490 apparati delle fe$te, &amp; de i giuochi publici, nelle $cene, &amp; ne i concieri, che $i fanno atempo,
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parents:
diff changeset
17491 ne iquali i Romani del publico $pendeuano gran quantit&agrave; di dinari, doue &egrave; nece$$ario hauere fede-
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parents:
diff changeset
17492 li, &amp; ingenio$i mini$tri, $uegliati inuentori, &amp; e$$ercitati Architetti delle co$e: che trouino la fa
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parents:
diff changeset
17493 cilit&agrave;, &amp; non uadino per la lunga. Hora per fuggire que$ta ignoranza, o uanit&agrave;, &egrave; nece$$ario
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parents:
diff changeset
17494 $apere come ua tutta la materia pre$ente, doue dopo il proemio $i ragiona delle machine, &amp; de
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parents:
diff changeset
17495 gli in$trumenti; $i di quelli, che hanno riguardo a gli $tudi della pace, de i quali alcuni $ono per
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parents:
diff changeset
17496 commodo, alcuni per diletto, come di quelli, che hanno ri$petto alle co$e della guerra: la doue
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parents:
diff changeset
17497 nel primo Cupo Vitr. diffini$ce che co$a &egrave; machina: quale differenza &egrave; tra machina, &amp; instru-
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parents:
diff changeset
17498 mento: di$tingue le $orti delle machine: &amp; tratta dell'origine di quelle. Et dal $econdo fin al no-
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parents:
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17499 no parla delle machine da leuar, &amp; tirar i pe$i, &amp; ci e$plica laragione di diuer$i modi apparte-
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parents:
diff changeset
17500 nenti a pe$i: dal nono fin al terzodecimo ci da gli ammae$tramenti di far molte ruote, &amp; artific&yuml;
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parents:
diff changeset
17501 da alzar, &amp; uotar l'acque, da macinare, &amp; da far'altre $imiglianti co$e utili; dalle quali par-
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parents:
diff changeset
17502 tendo$i dal terzodecimo fin al quintodecimo ci dimo$tra la ragione difar le machine hidraulice,
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parents:
diff changeset
17503 che $ono organi con ragioni mu$icali compo$ti, che piaceuolmente per uia d'acqua, &amp; di$pirito</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
17504 <pb n="440">
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parents:
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17505 <I>mandano fuori dolci concenti: &amp; ci dichiara poi il modo di mi$urare il uiaggio fatto o in carret-
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parents:
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17506 ta, o in naue. &amp; po$to fine a que$ti ragionamenti pa$$a a quelle machine, che ci $erueno a i bi$o-
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parents:
diff changeset
17507 gni della guerra, &amp; a i $oprastanti pericoli, trattando dal quintodecimo fin all'ultimo di' quelle
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17508 machine, chetirano $aette, dardi, &amp; pietre, &amp; di quelle, che $cuoteno, &amp; rompeno le mura-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17509 glie $econdo l'u$anza de $uoi tempi, &amp; co$i conchiude, &amp; d&agrave; fine all'opera hauendo pienamente
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parents:
diff changeset
17510 atte$o a quello, che egli ci ha prome$$o: di modo che non $arebbe condennato dalla legge nelle $pe
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17511 $e, anzilodato, &amp; honorato ne re$terebbe. Noi $econdo l'u$anza no$tra ridurremo tutta la pre
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parents:
diff changeset
17512 $ente materia $otto un'a$petto, &amp; di$tinguendo partitamente il tutto aiutaremo con l'ordine la in
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parents:
diff changeset
17513 telligenza, &amp; la memoria di chi legge. Facendo adunque la natura alcune co$e contra la utili
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17514 t&agrave; de glihuomini, &amp; operando $empre ad uno iste$$o modo, &egrave; nece$$ario che a questa contrariet&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
17515 $i troui un modo, che pieghi la natura al bi$ogno, &amp; all'u$o humano. Questo modo &egrave; riposto
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parents:
diff changeset
17516 nell'aiuto dell' Arte, con la quale $i uince la natura in quelle co$e, nelle quali e$$a natura uince
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parents:
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17517 noi. Ecco quanto ci contra$ta la natura ne i pe$i, &amp; nelle grandezze delle co$e, &amp; $e non fu$$e
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parents:
diff changeset
17518 l'ingegno dall'arte guidato, chi potrebbe alzare, tirare, &amp; condurre le moli grandi$$ime degli
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parents:
diff changeset
17519 $mi$urati marmi, drizzar le colonne, le mete, &amp; gli obeli$ci? chi uarar le naui, chi tirarle in
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parents:
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17520 terra? chi pa$$ar le portate di gro$$e barche con i tragetti? certamente non ba$terebbeno le for-
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parents:
diff changeset
17521 ze bumane. per&ograve; bello &egrave; il $apere la cagione, da che operar $i po$$a, &amp; fabricare tanta uariet&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
17522 di machine, &amp; de $trumenti. Que$ta con$ideratione &egrave; posta &amp; alternata $otto due $cienze, per
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diff changeset
17523 cioche tiene ri$petto con la $cienza naturale, riceuendo da quella il $uo $oggetto, perche l'arte
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parents:
diff changeset
17524 non opera$e non in qualche co$a materiale, come &egrave; il legno, il ferro, lapietra, &amp; altre co$e: &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
17525 &egrave; po$ta $otto la mathematica, perche le belle, &amp; $ottili ragioni, &amp; dimostrationi da quella rice-
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parents:
diff changeset
17526 ue. &amp; $i come il $oggetto &egrave; mutabile, &amp; uariabile come co$a di natura, co$i la ragione &egrave; ferma,
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parents:
diff changeset
17527 &amp; immutabile, come co$a d'intelletto, n&egrave; $i cangia al uariar della materia, imperoche la ragio-
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parents:
diff changeset
17528 ne del circolo (come altroue s'&egrave; detto) &egrave; quella i$te$$a in qualunque materia ella $i troui, il difet
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parents:
diff changeset
17529 to uiene dal $oggetto, come dalla forma il perfetto. Per&ograve; con$iderar douemo con gran diligenza
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parents:
diff changeset
17530 donde uegna il mancamento, &amp; la perfettione. Le qualit&agrave; della materia $ono diuer$e, nate dalla
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parents:
diff changeset
17531 me$colanza de i princip&yuml;, perche da quelli uiene il raro, il den$o, il graue, il lieue, il gro$$o, il
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parents:
diff changeset
17532 $ottile, l'a$pro, il molle, illiquido, il duro, il tenace, &amp; altre qualit&agrave; principali, &amp; meno prin
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parents:
diff changeset
17533 cipali, che aiutano, o impedi$ceno la materia a riceuere la intentione dell'arte, come per euiden
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parents:
diff changeset
17534 te proua tutto d&igrave; $i cono$ce: &amp; $i uede ancho una figura e$$er piu atta al mouimento, che l'altra:
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parents:
diff changeset
17535 la grandezza ancho &amp; il pe$o portano $eco molti commodi, &amp; incommodi, perche tutte le co$e $o
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parents:
diff changeset
17536 no ne i propi termini rinchiu$e, &amp; da e$$a natura con eterna legge co$trette. Dalla $cienzanatu-
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parents:
diff changeset
17537 rale adunque $i hauer&agrave; il $oggetto, &amp; le qualit&agrave; $ue. Ma ragionando della forma io dico, che i
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parents:
diff changeset
17538 merauiglio$i effetti uengono da merauiglio$e cagioni. Non &egrave; egli mir abile leuare un grandi<02>imo
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parents:
diff changeset
17539 pe$o con aggiugnerli ancho altro pe$o? che una ruota per mezo d'un'altra, che al contrario di
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parents:
diff changeset
17540 quella $i muoue, dia il$uo mouimento ad una terza ruota? che in certe di$tanze, &amp; grandezze
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parents:
diff changeset
17541 una co$a rie$ca, che oltra que termini non puo riu$cire? $ono in uero tai co$e merauiglio$e, per&ograve;
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parents:
diff changeset
17542 non &egrave; fuori di ragione, $e egli $i troua qualche proprieta di natura mirabile, che di cio $ia cagio-
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parents:
diff changeset
17543 ne, per&ograve; $aper potremo, che tutto na$ce dalla leua, &amp; la leua dalla $tadera, &amp; la $tadera
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parents:
diff changeset
17544 dalla bilancia, &amp; la bilancia fi<02>almente dalla propriet&agrave; del circolo: imperoche il circo-
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parents:
diff changeset
17545 lo ha in $e co$e, che la natura altroue non $uole porre in$ieme, &amp; que$te $ono molte contrariet&agrave;,
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parents:
diff changeset
17546 dalle quali uengono que grandi effetti, che $iuedeno. Ecco$e il circolo $i muoue, non i$ta fermo
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parents:
diff changeset
17547 il centro? mobile, &amp; fermo non $ono contrari? della i$te$$a circonferenza non a$cende egli una
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parents:
diff changeset
17548 parte, &amp; l'altra di$cende? $u &amp; giu non $ono contrari? la linea circolare, non &egrave; ella &amp; curua
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parents:
diff changeset
17549 &amp; conue$$a $enza latitudine? que$ti non $ono contrari, e$$endo tra quelli il dritto di mezo? &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
17550 le parti di quella linea, che uien dal centro non $ono in una i$te$$a linea &amp; ueloci, &amp; tarde? quan
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parents:
diff changeset
17551 to $ono, o uicine, o lontane dal centro, che &egrave; immobile. hora ueloce &amp; tardo non $ono contra-
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parents:
diff changeset
17552 ri? $i ueramente. Quando adunque $ia, che il circolo habbia in $e tante contrariet&agrave;, &amp; tali,</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
17553 <pb n="441">
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parents:
diff changeset
17554 <I>quali la natura delle co$e altroue non pati$ce, non &egrave; egli mir abil que$to? ma que$to non &egrave; dal uul-
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parents:
diff changeset
17555 go cono$ciuto, per&ograve; molto piu egli $tupi$ce uedendo alcuni effetti, &amp; non $apendo da che procedi-
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parents:
diff changeset
17556 no, e$$endo que mouimenti artificio$amente na$co$i. Ma perche noi non andiamo col uulgo, in-
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parents:
diff changeset
17557 tender douemo, che tutti que$ti effetti finalmente $i riduceno alla ragione del circolo. Abbrac-
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parents:
diff changeset
17558 ciando adunque noi il diletteuole, &amp; il merauiglio$o, che uiene dalla natura, &amp; dall'arte, dice-
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parents:
diff changeset
17559 mo che $opra tutte le machine o $trumenti hauemo a con$iderare la origine, la diui$ione, le rego
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parents:
diff changeset
17560 le. L'origine &egrave; dalla nece$$it&agrave;, che muoue gli huomini per accommodar$i a i lor bi$ogni, la natu-
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parents:
diff changeset
17561 ra gli in$egna o proponendogli gli e$$empi de gli animali, da i quali pare, che molti artifici po$$o-
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parents:
diff changeset
17562 no hauer principio, o la continua giratione del mondo, che Vitr. dice e$$er come una machinatio-
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parents:
diff changeset
17563 ne; &amp; per&ograve; ancho $i chiama la machina del mondo: il ca$o ancho ne apporta, &amp; l'ingegno del-
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parents:
diff changeset
17564 l'huomo, che dal ca$o prende argomento, come $i puo di$correre: &amp; que$to ci puo ba$tare all'ori
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parents:
diff changeset
17565 gine. Ma quanto alla diui$ione dico, che delle machine altre da $e $i muoueno; que$te automata
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parents:
diff changeset
17566 da Greci dette $ono; altre da $e non $i muouono, di quelle altre dette $ono $tat&agrave; da Greci, cio&egrave; fer
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parents:
diff changeset
17567 me, altre hypagonta, cio&egrave; $otto condotte, perche hanno $otto di $e alcune co$e, che le danno il
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parents:
diff changeset
17568 mouimento. Dell'una, &amp; dell'altra maniera ne tratta Herone, &amp; c'in$egna prima a fare un tem
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parents:
diff changeset
17569 pio ritondo, nel quale $ia un Bacco, che con una mano tenga una tazza, &amp; con l'altra il Tir$o,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
17570 appre$$o ui $ia una Panthera, &amp; un'altare, &amp; d'intorno le Bacche con Timpani, &amp; con Cem-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17571 bali, &amp; $opra la te$tudine del Tempio una uittoria alata, &amp; coronata, doue ad un tempo $i ac-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17572 cenda il fuoco $opra l'altare, Bacco uer$i dalla tazzail latte, dal Tir$o il uino $opra la Panthera,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
17573 le Bacche d'intorno danzando facciano rumori con que cembali, &amp; la Vittoria $uoni una tromba,
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17574 &amp; $i giri battendo l'ali. In un' altra di$po$itione in$egna a far caminar le figurine, &amp; andar, &amp; tor
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17575 nare, &amp; girar$i, &amp; fermar$i $econdo il bi$ogno, Ma di quelle machine, che da $e non $i muoue-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17576 no, cio&egrave; che non hanno dentro di $e il principio del loro mouimento, altre $i muoueno da co$e ina-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17577 nimate, altre da co$e animate. le prime dal uento, o dall'acqua mo$$e $ono, come battiferri, $e-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17578 ghe, molini, mantici, &amp; altri edifici, che dell'acqua $i $erueno: le $econde dallo aere hanno il
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17579 pincipio loro. que$t'aere, o &egrave; rinchiu$o, o libero: $e rinchiu$o, dimo$tra molti mir abili effetti ne i
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17580 ua$i $pirabili, de i quali ne tratta il mede$imo Herone: $e l'aere &egrave; libero, i molini da uento, ilcu
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17581 ne machine hidraulice, gli $piedi, &amp; altre co$e di piacere $i fanno con l'aiuto di quello. Ma $e le
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17582 machine $ono mo$$e da animali, que$ti $ono o $enza ragione come buoi, caualli; che tirano carri,
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17583 uolgono ruote: o $ono con ragione come gli huomini, i quali muoueno molte machine, &amp; molti
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
17584 $tromenti, $i per le occorrenze della pace, come per li bi$ogni della guerra, come ne tratta Vitr.
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17585 &amp; altroue quelli, che $critto hanno dell'arte militare. la onde per tirare, condurre, &amp; alzare i
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17586 pe$i, le taglie, le manouelle, le $tadere, le bilancie, le ruote, gli argani, &amp; per a$cendere in
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17587 luoghi alti $ono le $cale di molte maniere armate, &amp; di$armate, &amp; per battere, roinare, et tirar
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17588 da lunge erano anticamente le bale$tre maggiori, &amp; minori, gli arieti, le te$tuggini, le torri,
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17589 che $opra ruote andauano, &amp; a i no$tri tempi le artiglierie: &amp; in $omma molte altre machine tro
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17590 uate $i $ono, molte andate in di$u$o, &amp; molte $i troueranno per l'auuenire: le ragioni delle quali
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17591 compre$e $aranno $otto le regole, &amp; o$$eruationi, che qui $otto $i poneranno. Et que$ta &egrave; l'uni-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17592 uer$ale diui$ione delle machine; benche Vitr. habbia hauuto riguardo alle piu importanti, come
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casties
parents:
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17593 nel $eguente primo capo uederemo.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17594 <pb n="442">
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casties
parents:
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17595 <HEAD><I>Che co$a &egrave; machina, in che &egrave; differente dall'i$tru-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17596 mento, &amp; dclla origine, &amp; nece<02>it&agrave; di
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17597 quella. Cap. I.</I></HEAD>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17598 <p>LA machina &egrave; una perpetua &amp; continuata congiuntione di materia, che ha
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17599 grandi$sima forza a i mouimenti de i pe$i.
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17600 <p><I>Diffini$ce in que$to Capo Vitr. &amp; dichiara che co$a &egrave; machina, come ella $i muo-
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diff changeset
17601 ue, quante &amp; quali maniere di machine $i trouano: che differenza &egrave; tra machina,
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17602 &amp; i$trumento: che origine, &amp; donde gli huomini hanno tolto le machine, &amp; gli $trumenti.
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diff changeset
17603 Quanto adunque appartiene alla diffinitione egli dice, che Machina &egrave; una continente, o continua
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17604 ta congiuntione di materia, cio&egrave; di legno, che ha grandi$$ime forze a i mouimenti de i pe$i. Et la
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diff changeset
17605 ragione dimo$tratrice del modo di fare le machine, &egrave; detta $cienza, o arte mecanica, non per&ograve; &egrave;
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diff changeset
17606 $otto quello intendimento, che'l uulgo abbraccia, chiamando mecanica ogni arte uile, che $ia,
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diff changeset
17607 perche que$ta &egrave; detta dalla machinatione, &amp; di$cor$o che $i fa prima nella mente, &amp; che poire-
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17608 gola le opere artificio$e per leuar i pe$i, $alir a i luoghi alti, $cuoter le mura, &amp; far quelle co$e
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diff changeset
17609 all'humana commodit&agrave;, che la natura operando ad uno i$te$$o modo, come fa, non ci puo pre$ta-
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diff changeset
17610 re. Que$ta cognitione adunq; ci da la regola di legare in$ieme, o congiugnere molti legni per leua-
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diff changeset
17611 re i grandi$$imi pe$i; &amp; $e bene in que$te machine ui ua del ferro, non &egrave; per&ograve; po$to come principal
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diff changeset
17612 materia delle machine. Bi$ogna adunque, che la machina $ia di legno, o di qualche materia, che $ite
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diff changeset
17613 gna in$ieme in qualche modo, altrimenti non $i farebbe effetto, perche le co$e $eparate non po$$o-
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diff changeset
17614 no tender ad alcun fine unitamente. La $ollecitudine adunque, &amp; il pen$iero, che $i ha di piegar la
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17615 natura a no$tra utilit&agrave;, ci fa machinare: per&ograve; uolendo noi tirar le pietre $opra fabriche et alzar
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17616 l'acque, che tutte $ono co$e, che di natura loro re$i$teno all'u$o no$tro, &egrave; forza, che con la fanta-
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diff changeset
17617 $ia, che &egrave; principio delle arti, dal fine inue$tigamo la compo$itione dello in$trumento, la doue la
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17618 fanta$ia prendendo alcun lume dallo intelletto habituato nelle mathematice, ua ritrouando
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17619 una co$a dopo l'altra, &amp; legando in$ieme per communicar i mouimenti, fa quello, che pare am-
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diff changeset
17620 mirabile al uulgo, &amp; per&ograve; dice Vitr. dopo la diffinitione materiale della machina.</I> Quella $i
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17621 muoue per arte con molti circuiti de giri. <I>Cio&egrave; la forma, &amp; il principio delle machine &egrave; il
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17622 moto circolare. Io ciuedo in questo luogo da dire, come in tutte le machine ci $ia il moto circo-
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17623 lare, perche Vitru. dice qui $otto, che la machina da $alir in alto non di arte, ma di ardimento $i
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diff changeset
17624 gloria: &amp; $imilmente $i uede in quella $orte di machine, che egli chiama $piritali, che non ci $ono
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17625 giri, n&egrave; mouimenti circolari $e non in alcune $pecie, come $i uede in IIerone; oltra che la diffinitio-
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17626 ne della machina non par conuenire a tutte que$te $pecie: imperoche non pare, che ogni machina
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diff changeset
17627 $ia per muouer i pe$i, n&egrave; meno $i faccia di legno, come appare nella diui$ione delle machine posta
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diff changeset
17628 di $opra: &amp; $e uolemo dire, che Vitr. ha diffinito quelle machine, lequali $ono di mouimenti cir-
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parents:
diff changeset
17629 colari composte, come uorremo noi intender, che egli habbia diui$o le machine, &amp; fattoci tre
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17630 maniere, una trattori<*>; come egli chiama, una $pirabile, una da $alire: Io uorrei pure $aluar que
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17631 sto modo. Per&ograve; $e noi intendemo che la machina &egrave; una continuata congiuntione di materia, &amp;
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diff changeset
17632 per materia non $olo s'intende legno, ma qualunque altra co$a, di che $i fa la machina, que$to po-
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17633 tr&agrave; for$e pa$$are. ma come pu&ograve; conuenire, che tutte le machine habbiano grandi$$ime forze a i
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parents:
diff changeset
17634 mouimenti de i pe$i, $e machine ancho chiamati $ono que ua$i $pirabili? che pe$o &egrave; in quelle? che
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parents:
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17635 mouimento? Io dico che per pe$o non $olo s'intende quella grauit&agrave;, che hanno le co$e pondero-
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17636 $e, &amp; grandi, ma ancho quel momento, &amp; quella inclinatione naturale di andar cia$cuna al $uo
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17637 proprio luogo: &amp; quando artificio$amente $i costrigne una co$a graue a $alire, &amp; che la natura
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17638 piu pre$to, che dar il uacuo con$ente, che gli elementi oltra la loro inclinatione, o a$cendino, o di-</I>
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17639 <pb n="443">
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17640 <I>$cendino, certamente que$ta &egrave; una gran uirt&ugrave;, &amp; $orza: &amp; questo con$trignere gli elementi &egrave; con
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17641 $omma $olertia dall'arte $tato ritrouato: la doue ancho nelle machine $pirabili $i uede questo, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
17642 $imilmente nelle machine fatte per a$cendere, imperoche egli &egrave; contra la inclinatione naturale,
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parents:
diff changeset
17643 che un corpo terrestre, o di acqua $alga in alto, &amp; che uno con funi, &amp; ruote $i leui alle cime de
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diff changeset
17644 gli alti$simi palazzi: &amp; $e bene que$to artificio $i puo gloriare piu di ardire, che di arte, non &egrave; egli
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diff changeset
17645 per&ograve; un mirabile artificio? poi che $i uede la diuer$it&agrave; delle $cale da montar $opra le muraglie
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parents:
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17646 con tanti artific&yuml; fabricate, che &amp; difendeno i $alitori, &amp; offendeno chi contrasta, &amp; portano
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17647 incredibili pe$i, mouendo$i con ruote, &amp; hauendo quello, che dice Vitr. Alle artigliarie $imilmen-
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17648 te conuiene la diffinitione della machina, come chiaramente $i uede, $i perche &egrave; una congiuntione
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17649 di materia, $i pcrche ne i pe$i fa effetti stupendi $econdo l'ordine dell'uniuer$o: &amp; in $omma non &egrave;
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17650 $trumento, n&egrave; machina, che in qualche modo non partecipi de i mouimenti dritti, o circolari; il-
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parents:
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17651 che aneho qui $otto $ar&agrave; da Vitr. con bella indottione confirmato, per&ograve; con diligenza auuertir
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parents:
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17652 douemo alle co$e dette da Vitr. &amp; non ci $marrire al primo tratto, $e egli non $i fa incontra ogni
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parents:
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17653 co$a. Diuidon$i $econdo Vitr. le machine a que$to modo.</I>
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parents:
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17654 <p>Vna $orte di machine &egrave; per a$cendere; que$ta &egrave; detta in Greco acrouaticon, qua$i an-
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parents:
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17655 damento all'in$u: l'altra $piritale, che da i mede$imi, &egrave; detta pneumaticon: la terza &egrave; da t&igrave;-
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parents:
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17656 rare, detta uanau$on. <I>A que$ti tre membri $i riduceno tutte le altre machine, &amp; tutti gli
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17657 altri $trumenti. uediamo noi che co$a &egrave; cia$cuna di que$te $econdo Vitr.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
17658 <p>Quella $orte, che &egrave; per a$cendere, &egrave; quando le machine $aranno po$te in modo, che
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parents:
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17659 drizzati in piede i trauicelli, &amp; in$ieme ordinatamente colligati i trauer$i, $i a$cenda $enza
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parents:
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17660 pericolo a guardare l'apparato. <I>Quiui pone quelle $cale, che s'appoggiano alle muraglie,
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parents:
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17661 dellequali ne i libri della militia $i tratta, &amp; tutto il d&igrave; da gli ingenio$i $oldati $i trouano a uari mo
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parents:
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17662 di fabricate, perche ancho in queste non &egrave; meno l'audacia, che l'arte; et di e$$e ne tratta V alturio.
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parents:
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17663 &amp; $ono per guardare che co$a fanno gli a$$ediati.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
17664 <p>Ma la maniera $piritale &egrave; quando lo $prito $cacciato con l'e$pre$sioni, &amp; le perco$$e, &amp;
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17665 le uoci $ono coni$trumenti epre$$e. <I>Molto piu abbraccia que$t' arte, che le machine hidrau-
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parents:
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17666 lice, come $i uede in Herone, doue oltra gli organi, oltra le uoci, &amp; i canti de gli uccelletti, oltra i
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17667 fi$chi de i $erpenti, &amp; i $uoni delle trombe, cheegli a fare con instrumenti ci dimostra, ci$ono an-
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parents:
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17668 cho altri artific&yuml;, doue n&egrave; uoce, n&egrave; $uono $i $ente, come &egrave; il uotar diuer$i liquori per una iste$$a
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17669 canna, &amp; quelli hora in una proportione, hora in un'altra: il far $alir l'acqua, lo $pruzzare di
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17670 odoriferi liquori le genti, &amp; altre co$e, che $enza $uono $i fanno, che per&ograve; tutte conuengono in
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parents:
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17671 que$to, che in e$$e &egrave; lo $pirito, cio&egrave; l'aere $cacciato con l'e$pre$$ioni.</I>
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17672 <p>Finalmente la maniera da tirare, &egrave; quella, quando con le machine $i tirano i pe$i, oue-
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17673 ro alzati $i ripongono. <I>Et questo &egrave; facile. dapoi Vitr. compara in$ieme que$te machine &amp; dice.</I>
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17674 <p>La ragione di a$cendere $i gloria non di arte, ma di audacia, &amp; quella con catene, tra-
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diff changeset
17675 uer$i, &amp; legature annodate, &amp; con appoggi &egrave; contenuta: ma quella che entra con la po-
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diff changeset
17676 te$t&agrave; dello $pirito con le $ottilit&agrave; dell'arte con$egue belli, &amp; $cielti effetti: Ma quella, che
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17677 al tirar de i pe$i ci $erue, ha in $e commodi maggiori, &amp; occa$ioni piene di magnificenza
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diff changeset
17678 all'u$o de gli huomini, &amp; nell'operare con prudenza ritiene grandi$sime uirt&ugrave;.
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diff changeset
17679 <p><I>Adunque di que$te tre maniere una $i uanta di audacia, l'altra di $ottigliezza, la terza di uti-
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diff changeset
17680 lit&agrave;. Della prima non ne parla Vitr. la$ciandola (come egli dice nel fine di questo libro) a i $ol-
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diff changeset
17681 dati e$perti, che fanno le $cale $econdo il bi$ogno. Di quella di mezo ne parla; &amp; ne parla, quan-
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diff changeset
17682 do c'in$egna la machina di Cte$ibio, &amp; la machina hidraulica. &amp; della terza ne parla nel re$to.
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diff changeset
17683 Que$ta terza adunque che trattoria &egrave; da Vitr. nominata, nell'operare puo hauer bi$ogno di mol-
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17684 to apparecchio, &amp; per cio fa effetti maggiori, &amp; per questo dice, che $i dimanda machina. puo
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17685 ancho e$$er che $i contenti d'un'opera $ola, &amp; bi$ogno non habbia di tanta fattura, n&egrave; faccia $i
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diff changeset
17686 grandi effetti; &amp; que$ta dice Vitr. che opera con instrumenti, per&ograve; ci fa differenza dicendo.</I>
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diff changeset
17687 <p>Di que$te trattorie altre $i muoueno con machine, altre con in$trumenti, &amp; pare, che
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17688 <foot><I>MMM</I></foot>
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17689 <pb n="444">
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17690 tra machina &amp; $trumento ci $ia que$ta differenza, che bi$ogna che le machine con piu
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parents:
diff changeset
17691 opere, ouero con forza maggiore con$eguano gli effetti loro, come le bali$te, &amp; i preli
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parents:
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17692 de i torcolari: ma gli $trumenti col prudente toccamento d'un'opera fanno quello, che
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17693 s'hanno propo$to di $are, come $ono gli inuolgimenti de gli $corpioni, &amp; de i circo-
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parents:
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17694 li di$eguali.
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parents:
diff changeset
17695 <p><I>Tutta la machina $i chiama balista, o torculare. all'una &amp; all'altra &egrave; nece$$ario, che ci $ia
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17696 altra fattura, come il torchio &egrave; quella traue, che preme l'una, detta prelo, &amp; Vitru. ci ha in$e-
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17697 gnato di fare il torculare nel $e$to libro al nono capo: $imigliante co$a e$$er douea nello $carica-
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17698 re della bali$ta, come $ono le $tanghe, &amp; i molinelli: per&ograve; que$te $ono dette machine, perche hanno
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17699 bi$ogno di piu opere, come strumenti $i chiamano gli $corpioni, &amp; le catapulte, che con un'opera
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17700 fanno gli effetti loro. Ani$ocicli $ono circoli della uite, o coclea che $i dica. &amp; perche ne gli $cor-
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17701 pioni erano alcuni fili ritorti, prima raccolti &amp; poi rila$ciati che $pingeuano le $aette, quando $i
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diff changeset
17702 $caricauano, per&ograve; Vitr. dice Ani$ocicli. i capelli delle donne $o$pe$i fanno certe anella, che $i po$-
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17703 $ono chiamare Ani$ocicli. ma io chiamerei con que$to nome le uide.</I>
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diff changeset
17704 <p>A dunque et gli $trumenti, &amp; la ragione delle machine $ono nece$$ari all'u$o, $enza iqua-
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diff changeset
17705 li niuna co$a puo e$$er e$pedita. <I>Dell'u$o delle machine, &amp; de gli $trumenti &egrave; co$a manife$ta,
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17706 per&ograve; ueniremo all'origine. dice adunque Vitr.</I>
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diff changeset
17707 <p>Ogni machinatione &egrave; prima nata dalla natura delle co$e, &amp; ordinata dalla mae$tra uer-
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parents:
diff changeset
17708 $atione del mondo. Con$ideriamo prima la continuata natura del Sole, della Luna, &amp; del-
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parents:
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17709 le altre cinque $telle: lequali $e $enza machinatione $i gira$$ero, noi non haueremo hauuto
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parents:
diff changeset
17710 in terra la luce, n&egrave; la maturit&agrave; de i frutti: &amp; per&ograve; hauendo i maggiori no$tri bene po$to
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parents:
diff changeset
17711 mente a que$to, dalla natura delle co$e pre$o hanno gli e$$empi, &amp; quelli imitando indot-
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17712 ti dalle diuine co$e hanno perfettamente e$plicato molti commodi alla uita. Et per&ograve; ac-
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diff changeset
17713 cioche fu$$ero piu $pediti, altre co$e con machine, &amp; co i loro uolgimenti, altre con i$tru
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diff changeset
17714 menti $i apparecchiarono. Et co$i quelle co$e, che auuertirono e$$er utili all'u$o de mor-
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parents:
diff changeset
17715 tali, con i$tudi, arti, &amp; in$tituti a poco a poco cercarono per uia di dottrine aumentare.
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17716 Attendiamo di gratia alla prima inuentione di nece$sit&agrave; che &egrave; il ue$tire, con l'ammini$tra
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17717 tione de uari $trumenti, i congiu gnimenti delle tele con la trama, &amp; l'ordimento non $ola-
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parents:
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17718 mente coprendo i corpi no$tri ci difendeno, ma ancho ciaccre$ceno l'hone$t&agrave; dell'orna-
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17719 mento. Copia del cibo non hauer&emacr;mo hauuta, $e $tati ritrouati non fu$$ero i gioghi, &amp; gli
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17720 aratri per li buoi, &amp; per tutti i giumenti: n&egrave; la nettezza dell'oglio, n&egrave;'l frutto delle uiti al
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parents:
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17721 piacer no$tro hauer&emacr;mo potuto hauere, $e non fu$$e $tato l'apparecchio de i molinelli, de i
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parents:
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17722 preli, &amp; delle $tanghe del torchio. Et le condotte di quelle non $ariano, $e non fu$$ero
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17723 $tate ritrouate le machinationi de i carri, &amp; delle carrette per terra, &amp; delle naui per ac-
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parents:
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17724 qua. Similmente l'e$$amine delle $tadere, &amp; bilancie con i pe$i ritrouato caua la uita con
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17725 giu$ti co$tumi dalla iniquit&agrave; de gli huomini. Et co$i $ono inumerabili tempre di machi-
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parents:
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17726 ne, dellequali non ci pare nece$$ario il di$putarne, perche ci uanno ogni d&igrave; per le mani, co-
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17727 me $ono le ruote, i mantici de fabri, le carrette, i cocchi, i torni, &amp; tutte l'altre co$e, che
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17728 per u$anza hanno all'utilit&agrave; communi occa$ioni: per&ograve; cominciaremo ad e$plicar quelle
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parents:
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17729 co$e, che di raro ci uengono per le mani, accioche $iano manife$te.
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parents:
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17730 <p><I>A me pare, che chiaramente interpretato io habbia, ci&ograve; che da Vitru. &egrave; $tato detto d'intorno
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17731 all'origine, &amp; u$o delle machine, pero $i uenir&agrave; alla e$po$itione del $econdo cap.</I>
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parents:
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17732 <pb n="445">
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parents:
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17733 <HEAD><I>Delle machinationi trattorie de i $acr&iuml; temp&yuml;, &amp; delle
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17734 opere publiche. Cap. II.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
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17735 <p>Primamente ordineremo quelle co$e, che ne i $acri Tempij, &amp; alla perfettione
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parents:
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17736 delle opere publiche $i apparecchiano: lequali a que$to modo $i fanno. D riz
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parents:
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17737 zan$i tre trauicelli $econdo la grandezza de i pe$i. que$ti dalle te$te di $opra
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parents:
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17738 congiunti da un pirone, &amp; da ba$$o allargati $i drizzano po$te le funi dalle te-
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parents:
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17739 $te, &amp; con quelle atorno di$po$te $i tengono dritti. lega$i nella $ommic&agrave; una taglia det-
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17740 ta da alcuni recamo. nella taglia $ono due rotelle, che ne i loro pernuzzi $i uolgono: per
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17741 la rotella di $opra $i fa pa$$ar il menale, que$ta fune dapoi $i manda a ba$$o, &amp; $i fa andar a
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parents:
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17742 torno la rotella della taglia inferiore, &amp; $i riporta alla rotella di $otto della taglia $uperio-
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parents:
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17743 re, &amp; co$i di$cende alla inferiore, &amp; nel $uo buco $i lega il capo della fune, l'altro capo
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17744 dellaquale &egrave; riportato tra i piedi della machina: &amp; ne i pianuzzi quadrati delle traui di die-
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parents:
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17745 tro, la doue $on allargati, $i ficcano l'orecchie, o manichi detti chelonia, ne i quali $i met-
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17746 teno i capi de i molinelli, accioche con facilit&agrave; que perni $i uoltino. Ma que molinelli
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17747 hanno pre$$o i capi loro i buchi temprati in modo, che in e$si po$$ono accommodar$i le
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17748 $tanghe: ma alla taglia di $otto $i legano gli uncini di ferro, i denti de i quali s'accom-
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parents:
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17749 modano ne i $a$si forati. quando adunque la fune ha il capo legato al molinello, &amp; che le
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17750 $tanghe menando quello lo uoltano, que$to effetro ne na$ce, che la fune uolgendo$i a
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parents:
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17751 torno il molinello $i $tende, &amp; co$i inalza i pe$i all'altezza, che $i uuole, &amp; a que luoghi, do-
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17752 ue $i hanno a collocare.
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diff changeset
17753 <p><I>Qui Vitru. ci dimo$tra come $i fanno gli $trumenti da leuar i pe$i, &amp; porli doue fa bi$o-
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diff changeset
17754 gno nelle fabriche de i Temp&yuml;, &amp; delle opere publiche. &amp; prima ci parla della taglia, che
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diff changeset
17755 egli troclea, o ricamo dimanda: il piu $emplice modo &egrave; drizzare una caualletta, o gauerna che
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diff changeset
17756 $i dica, di traui, o antennelle, per u$are i nomi del no$tro Ar$enale, accio meglio $i pigli la
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diff changeset
17757 pratica di tai co$e. Que$ta gauerna $i fa pigliando$i tre traui della gro$$ezza, che puo ba-
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parents:
diff changeset
17758 $tare a $o$tener i pe$i. que$ti $i drizzano, &amp; di$opra $i legano in$ieme con pironi, che fibu-
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parents:
diff changeset
17759 le da Vitru. detti $ono, &amp; i piedi di $otto s'allargano: Piglian$i poi due taglie, che cu$elle
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parents:
diff changeset
17760 altroue $i chiamano, la forma delle quali per la figura $i manife$ta, che $ono alcune girelle,
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parents:
diff changeset
17761 che orbiculi da Vitru. raggi da noi dette $ono, che nel taglio dritto la loro circonferenza
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diff changeset
17762 hanno un canale, nelquale s'inue$te il menale, da Vitru. ductario fune chiamato. Le girelle, o
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parents:
diff changeset
17763 raggi hanno nel mezo un buco, doue ui entra un pernuzzo, che a$$iculo da Vitru. mar$ione $i
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parents:
diff changeset
17764 chiama da noi: que$ti trapa$$a per lo raggio, che &egrave; po$to fra un legno tagliato, &amp; cauato, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
17765 $opra quello $i uolge. Attaca$i adunque una taglia alla parte di $opra, &amp; l'altra $i $erua per
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parents:
diff changeset
17766 porla di $otto, &amp; l'ordimento &egrave; tale. Egli$i piglia la fune, &amp; un capo di e$$a $i tramette nel
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parents:
diff changeset
17767 canale del raggio di $opra, dapoi $i cala al piu ba$$o raggio della taglia di $otto, &amp; trapa$$a-
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parents:
diff changeset
17768 to per lo $uo canale, $i riporta al raggio di $otto della taglia $uperiore, &amp; fattolo pa$$are, $i ca-
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parents:
diff changeset
17769 la nel raggio di $opra della taglia inferiore, &amp; iui $i lega l altro capo della fune, che in abando-
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parents:
diff changeset
17770 no $i la$cia; o perche con le mani a forza tirato $ia, o $i raccommanda ad un molinello, ilqua-
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parents:
diff changeset
17771 le tra i piedi della gauerna, nelle orecchie, che Vitru. Chelonia, noi ca$tignole, o gattelli
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parents:
diff changeset
17772 chiamamo $i uolge, con alcune $tanghe, o manouelle, o pironi, che $i dichino, che uectes da
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parents:
diff changeset
17773 Vitru. dette $ono, che entrano nelle te$te del molinello. i pe$i $i attaccano ad alcuni uncini, che
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parents:
diff changeset
17774 noi ganzi chiamamo, &amp; Vitru. forcipi li dimanda. Que$ti $ono alla taglia di $otto attacca-
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parents:
diff changeset
17775 ti, congiunti, come dimo$tra la figura A. &amp; il re$to &egrave; chiaro per la figura B. doue &egrave; la taglia
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parents:
diff changeset
17776 di $opra, &amp; per la figura C. doue &egrave; la caualletta, che ancho ponte da alcuni &egrave; detta, &amp; alla
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parents:
diff changeset
17777 figura. D. doue &egrave; il molinello, &amp; le $orti de molinelli, argani, o na$pi, che $uccule, &amp; erga-</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
17778 <foot><I>MMM</I> 2</foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
17779 <pb n="446">
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parents:
diff changeset
17780 <fig>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17781 <I>ta da latini, o greci $i chiamano, $ono alle fi-
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parents:
diff changeset
17782 gure E. F. $i come le $orti de i ganzi, uncini
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parents:
diff changeset
17783 o forcipi $ono alle figure. I. K. L. Po$to a-
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parents:
diff changeset
17784 dunque la pratica delle taglie uenir&ograve; alla ra-
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parents:
diff changeset
17785 gione di e$$e, accioche ci $ia noto la co$a $ignifi-
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parents:
diff changeset
17786 cata, &amp; quella che $ignifica: La fabrica &egrave; il
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parents:
diff changeset
17787 di$cor$o, l'e$fetto, &amp; la cagione delle co$e. Non
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parents:
diff changeset
17788 &egrave; dubbio che $e ad una $emplice fune $i attacca
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parents:
diff changeset
17789 un pe$o, poniam ca$o di mille libre, che tutta la
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parents:
diff changeset
17790 fatica &amp; $orza non $ia unit amente da quella
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parents:
diff changeset
17791 fune $o$tenuta, che poi $e la delta fune $ar&agrave; rad-
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parents:
diff changeset
17792 doppiata &amp; a quella una taglia d'un raggio ap-
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parents:
diff changeset
17793 po$ta doue penda quel pe$o, che la fune non
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parents:
diff changeset
17794 $ia per hauer il doppio meno di fatica, &amp; il
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parents:
diff changeset
17795 doppio meno di forza non ba$ti ad alzar quel
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parents:
diff changeset
17796 pe$o: hor che $ar&agrave; poi, $e ci $aranno due taglie,
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parents:
diff changeset
17797 o piu? o $e $i moltiplicheranno i raggi? non $i
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parents:
diff changeset
17798 partir&agrave; quel pe$o in piu parti? non $i maneg-
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parents:
diff changeset
17799 giar&agrave; piu ageuolmente? non ci uorr&agrave; molto
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parents:
diff changeset
17800 menor forze a tirarlo? certo $i, &amp; di modo, che
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parents:
diff changeset
17801 $e'l primo raddoppiamento leua la met&agrave; del pe-
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parents:
diff changeset
17802 $o, il $econdo alquale re$ta una met&agrave;, leuer&agrave; uia
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parents:
diff changeset
17803 la met&agrave; di quella met&agrave; che $ar&agrave; la quarta parte
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parents:
diff changeset
17804 ditutto'l pe$o, &amp; dalla quarta parte della forza
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parents:
diff changeset
17805 di prima $ar&agrave; il detto pe$o leuato: la doue $e non
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parents:
diff changeset
17806 fu$$e la grauit&agrave; delle funi, l'a$prezza de i rag-
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parents:
diff changeset
17807 gi, &amp; la tardezza del moto per li molti ra-
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parents:
diff changeset
17808 uolgimenti della fune, che $ono i difetti non del-
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parents:
diff changeset
17809 la forma, ma della materia, un fanciullo pre-
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parents:
diff changeset
17810 ftamente alzarebbe un $mi$urato pe$o: ma dar
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parents:
diff changeset
17811 il $apone alle funi, l'ugnere i raggi, il far be-
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parents:
diff changeset
17812 ne le taglie con i raggi dritti, l'acconciar i me-
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parents:
diff changeset
17813 nali, che non s'intrichino, o rodino in$ieme, e$-
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parents:
diff changeset
17814 $endo i pernuzzi a mi$ura, &amp; proportionati,
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parents:
diff changeset
17815 fanno ageuoli que$te fatiche, &amp; tanto piu $e
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parents:
diff changeset
17816 gli aggiugnemo i molinelli, che leuano la lor par
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parents:
diff changeset
17817 te del pe$o, &amp; della fatica, come il moltiplicar
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parents:
diff changeset
17818 delle taglie, &amp; de i raggi, &amp; que$ti ancho piu
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parents:
diff changeset
17819 ageuolmente $i muoueno, quanto le loro $tan-
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parents:
diff changeset
17820 ghe $ono maggiori, perche la lunghezza $i al-
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parents:
diff changeset
17821 lontana dal centro, che &egrave; immobile, &amp; impe-
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parents:
diff changeset
17822 di$ce il mouimento: &amp; tanto $ia detto della ra-
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parents:
diff changeset
17823 gione delle taglie.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
17824 <pb n="447">
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parents:
diff changeset
17825 <HEAD><I>De diuer$i uocaboli delle machine, &amp; come $i
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parents:
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17826 drizzano. Cap. III.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
17827 <p>Ove$ta ragione di machinatione, che $i riuolge con tre raggi, $i chiama tri$pa-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17828 $tos: ma quando nella taglia di $otto due raggi, &amp; nella di$opra tre $i ruota-
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parents:
diff changeset
17829 no, penta$pa$ton. Ma $e per pe$i maggiori $i apparecchieranno le machine,
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parents:
diff changeset
17830 allhora $ar&agrave; nece$$ario u$are le traui, &amp; piu lunghe, &amp; piu gro$$e, &amp; con la
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
17831 mede$ma antedetta ragione da i capi di $opra legarle, &amp; congiungerle con le loro fibbie, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
17832 pironi, &amp; di $otto con molinello accommodarle.
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parents:
diff changeset
17833 <p><I>Perche (come ho detto) la moltitudine delle taglie, &amp; de i raggi in piu parti diuide il pe$o:
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parents:
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17834 per&ograve; la doue $i ha a leuar pe$o maggiore, &egrave; nece$$ario l'opera di piu taglie, &amp; de piu raggi, &amp;
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parents:
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17835 dal numero de i raggi $ar anno le machine nominate. Per&ograve; $e per tre raggi $ar&agrave; ordita la fune,
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parents:
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17836 quella machina $ar&agrave; detta tri$pa$ton, qua$i da tre raggi tirato: $e la taglia di $otto hauer&agrave; due rag
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parents:
diff changeset
17837 gi, &amp; la di $opra tre, da i cinque raggi penta$paston $ar&agrave; detta, n&egrave; i latini n&egrave; i uolgari hanno la
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diff changeset
17838 felicit&agrave; de Greci nel compor questi nomi. Fanno$i le taglie con piu raggi, altre ne hanno un
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diff changeset
17839 ordine, altre due, &amp; altre piu, come $i uede nelle figure. Ma bella co$a &egrave; l'ordimento delle fu-
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diff changeset
17840 ni, come bene &egrave; da i praticanti cono$ciuto, &amp; le figure lo dimostrano. Hora uediamo come $i
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parents:
diff changeset
17841 drizzano in piedi que$te gauerne, &ograve; ponti, &ograve; cauallette, che $i dichino.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
17842 <p>E$plicate le predette co$e $iano dinanzi alle machine ammollate quelle funi, che antarie
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parents:
diff changeset
17843 dette $ono, &amp; $opra le $pale della machina di$po$ti $iano per l&umacr;go i ritegni, &amp; $e non $ar&agrave; do
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parents:
diff changeset
17844 ue legarli, &amp; raccommandarli, $iano conficcati i pali dritti, &amp; fermati col batterli bene a tor
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diff changeset
17845 no, &amp; iui $iano le funi legate. Dapoi $ia una taglia al capo di $opra della machina con
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parents:
diff changeset
17846 una corda legata, &amp; da quello $ian riportate le corde al palo, &amp; d'intorno a quella taglia;
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parents:
diff changeset
17847 che &egrave; al palo alligata, $i meni la fune cerca il $uo raggio, &amp; poi riportata $ia alla taglia,
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parents:
diff changeset
17848 che al capo della machina, &amp; d'intorno il raggio dalla $ommit&agrave; trapa$$ata la fune di$cenda
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parents:
diff changeset
17849 &amp; ritorni al molinello, che &egrave; nella machina da ba$$o, &amp; iui $ia legato: co$i forzatoil mo-
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parents:
diff changeset
17850 linello dalle $tange $i uolger&agrave;, &amp; da $e $enza pericolo drizzer&agrave; la machina: co$i di$po$te le
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parents:
diff changeset
17851 funi d'intorno, &amp; i ritegni attaccati a i pali con piu ampio mo do $ar&agrave; la machina colloca-
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parents:
diff changeset
17852 ta: ma le taglie, &amp; i menali al $opradetto modo $aranno ordite.
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parents:
diff changeset
17853 <HEAD><I>Modi di annodare le funi.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
17854 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
17855 <p><I>Vitr. c'in$egna a drizzar le machine, &amp; chi haueduto come s'inalbora le naui, puo inten-</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
17856 <pb n="448">
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parents:
diff changeset
17857 <I>der quello, che egli dice. io e$poner&ograve; la mente $ua piu facilmente, che $i puo. Per drizzare adun
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parents:
diff changeset
17858 que la machina $i ferma il piede di e$$a ad un palo, ouero ad altra co$a $tabile, accioche la machi
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parents:
diff changeset
17859 na ui punti dentro. Alla testa $i legan non meno di due funi, accioche una uada dalla de$tra, l'al
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parents:
diff changeset
17860 tra dalla $ini$tra &amp; que$te credo io che da Vitr. antarie, &amp; da Creci protoni, &amp; da i marinari
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parents:
diff changeset
17861 $artie dette $ono: $tende$i poi per la lunghezza della machina un'altra fune, la quale s'inuefte in
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parents:
diff changeset
17862 una taglia di $opra, &amp; un'altra di $otto: dapoi questo &egrave; alquanto di$co$to l'argana, o il molinel-
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parents:
diff changeset
17863 lo, al quale $i riporta la fune predetta, che da noi codetta $i chiama, $i come la taglia da piedi,
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parents:
diff changeset
17864 &egrave; nominata pa$tecca. tirando$i adunque $opra il molinello, &amp; uolgendo$i quella fune, $i drizzer&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
17865 la machina apuntando$i al palo, &amp; drizzata, che $ar&agrave;, $i regger&agrave; poi al piacer no$tro con le fu-
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parents:
diff changeset
17866 ni, che $aranno dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra, perche ammollando l'una, &egrave; tirando l'altra, $i pie
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parents:
diff changeset
17867 gher&agrave; doue $ar&agrave; bi$ogno. Ma perche le dette funi bi$ogno hanno di e$$ere raccommandate ad al
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parents:
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17868 cuna co$a, per&ograve; douemo cauare una fo$$a quadrata molto a fondo: iui $i $tende uno traue, al qua-
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parents:
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17869 le $i annoda la fune, che e$ce dal $uolo, $opra que$to tronco attrauer$ati $ono de gli altri pezzi
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parents:
diff changeset
17870 $opra i quali $i calca la terra, &amp; co$i teniranno bene: uero &egrave; che pare, che Vitr. uoglia, che a
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parents:
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17871 que pali, che e$ceno della terra, $i attacchi una taglia, credo que$to per ammollare piu commoda
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parents:
diff changeset
17872 mente le funi. Ma l'ordimento de i menali, &amp; delle taglie $i $ar&agrave; al modo $opradetto.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
17873 <HEAD><I>Diuna machina $imile alla $opr apo$ta a cui $i com
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parents:
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17874 metteno co$e maggiori mutato $olo il moli-
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parents:
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17875 nello in un Timpano. Cap. IIII.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
17876 <p>MA $e porre in opera uorremo co$e di maggior pe$o, o grandezza, non douemo
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parents:
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17877 fidarci de molinelli: ma $i come il mol nello nelle orecchie &egrave; contenuto, co-
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parents:
diff changeset
17878 $i in que$to ca$o bi$ogna, che nelle orecchie u'entri un perno, nel mezo del
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parents:
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17879 quale ci $ia un Timpano, che alcuni ruota, i Greci Ampheure$in, altri Peri-
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parents:
diff changeset
17880 trochio detto hanno, &amp; in que$te machine le taglie uanno ad un'altro modo: perche &amp; di
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parents:
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17881 $otto, &amp; di $opra hanno due ordini de raggi, &amp; in tal modo il menale $i fa trapa$$are nel
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parents:
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17882 foro della taglia di $otto, che i due capi $ieno eguali quando la fune $ar&agrave; $te$a, &amp; iui lungo
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parents:
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17883 la taglia inferiore attorchiata una cordicella, et legate am&emacr;due le parti della fune $ieno con
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parents:
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17884 tenute in modo, che non po$sino u$cire n&egrave; dalla de$tra, n&egrave; dalla $ini$tra: fatto que$to i
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parents:
diff changeset
17885 capi d<*>lla fune $i riportano alla taglia di $opra nella parte e$teriore, &amp; $ono mandati giu
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parents:
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17886 dal d'intorno de'raggi inferiori di quella &amp; ritornano di nuouo a ba$$o, &amp; s'inue$teno nel
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parents:
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17887 la taglia di$otto a raggi dalla parte interiore, &amp; $i riportano dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra
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parents:
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17888 al Timpano che &egrave; nel perno, &amp; iui $i annodano: dipoi d'intorno al Timpano un'altra fune
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parents:
diff changeset
17889 $i riporta all'argana. que$ta uoltata a torno riuolgendo il Timpano, &amp; il perno, fa che le
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parents:
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17890 fum iegate al perno $i $tendino parimente, &amp; co$i dolcemente $enza pericolo leuano i pe-
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parents:
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17891 $i. Ma $e la machina hauer&agrave; un Timpano maggiore, o nel mezo, o in una e$tremit&agrave; cal-
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parents:
diff changeset
17892 candoui in e$$o gli huomini, $enza la manifattura dell'argana potr&agrave; hauer. effetti piu
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parents:
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17893 e$pediti.
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parents:
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17894 <p><I>Tutta la difficult&agrave; d'intender bene l'artificio della $opra$critta machina, &egrave; po$ta nell'ordimento
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parents:
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17895 delle funi. Vitr. dice prima l'effetto $uo, che &egrave; di leuar pe$i di maggior importanza, che la ma-
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parents:
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17896 china po$ta al $econdo Cap. Poi dimo$tra il modo di fabricarla: chiama egli collo$$icotera quelle
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parents:
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17897 co$e che &amp; di pe$o, &amp; di grandezza eccedono l'ordinario: $i come colo$$i dette $ono le grandi$$i-
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parents:
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17898 me$tatue, &amp; che $ono di molto maggior mi$ura della con$ueta. Drizza$i la caualletta di gro$$i,
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parents:
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17899 &amp; alti traui al modo $opradetto: poi $i fanno due taglie di quattro raggi per una, due di$otto &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
17900 due di $opra al pari, una di quelle, alla qual $i attacca l'uncino hauer deue un buco da ba$$o</I>,
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parents:
diff changeset
17901 <pb n="449">
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casties
parents:
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17902 <I>che pa$$i al contrario de i pernuzzi de i $uoi raggi, l'altra legar $i deue al capo di $opra della ma-
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parents:
diff changeset
17903 china. L'ordimento &egrave; que$to. $i fa pa$$are il menale per lo foro della taglia di $otto, di modo che
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parents:
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17904 i capi di e$$o $iano eguali da una parte, &amp; dall'altra. que$ti e$$er deono riportati alla taglia di $o-
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parents:
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17905 pra, &amp; inue$titi dalla parte di fuori ne i raggi di $otto: ma perche $tian fermi, &amp; tenghino drit-
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parents:
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17906 te le taglie, prima che s'inue$tino, &egrave; nece$$ario legarli con una cordicella attorchiata, &amp; anno-
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parents:
diff changeset
17907 data, che gli tenga dritti lungo la taglia. Pa$$ati adunque i due capi per liraggi di $otto della ta
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parents:
diff changeset
17908 glia $uperiore dal di fuori, $i mandano a ba$$o, &amp; $i fan pa$$are dalla parte di dentro della taglia
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parents:
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17909 per li raggi di $otto, &amp; di nuouo $i riportano alla taglia di $opra, &amp; $i fan pa$$are dal di fuori per
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parents:
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17910 li raggi di $opra, &amp; mandati giu $i fan pa$$are dal di dentro per li raggi di $opra della taglia infe-
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parents:
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17911 riore, dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra, &amp; d'indi al perno del Timpano $trettamente $i legano: per-
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parents:
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17912 che e$$endo a torno del Timpano inuolta un'altra fune, &amp; riportata all'organa, ne $egue, che ri
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parents:
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17913 uolta a torno riuolgendo$i il Timpano, &amp; il perno, le funi legate a torno il perno parimente $i $ten
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parents:
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17914 dino, &amp; co$i dolcemente leuano i grandi$$imi pe$i. Et $e il Timpano fu$$e maggiore $i potrebhe le
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parents:
diff changeset
17915 uar la manifattura dell'argana, perche gli huomini col calcarui dentro lo farebbeno girare ageuol
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diff changeset
17916 mente, perche nelle grandi$$ime ruote calcando gli huomini $i mouono grandi$$imi pe$icon una fune
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diff changeset
17917 riuolta, perche &egrave; quella proportione del diametro della ruota al diametro del perno, che &egrave; del pe-
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diff changeset
17918 $o alzato, al pe$o, &amp; alla forza de gli buomini, che $ono dentro la ruota, &amp; per&ograve; le $tange del-
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diff changeset
17919 l'argane e$$er deono lunghe, accioche $econdo la proportione della lunghezza cia$cuno de i capi lo
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parents:
diff changeset
17920 ro $cemi il pe$o, la doue $e raddoppiate $aranno, riduranno il pe$o alla met&agrave;, &amp; quattro alla
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parents:
diff changeset
17921 quarta parte: di modo, che $e con una $tanga d'un braccio quattr' buomini moueranno cento li-
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parents:
diff changeset
17922 bre di pe$o, egli auerr&agrave;, che con quattro $tanghe di $ei braccia, i mede$mi ne leueranno due mila
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parents:
diff changeset
17923 &amp; quattrocento, $ottratta per&ograve; la giunta del pe$o delle $tanghe, il che importa poco. La figura
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diff changeset
17924 della machina, &egrave; al $uo luogo.</I>
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diff changeset
17925 <HEAD><I>D'un'altra $orte di machina da tirare. Cap. V.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
17926 <p>Evui un'altra $orte di machina a$$ai artificio$a, &amp; accommodata alla pre$tezza
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parents:
diff changeset
17927 ma il por$i a farla, &egrave; opera di periti; imperoche egli &egrave; un traue, che $i drizza
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parents:
diff changeset
17928 in piedi, &amp; da quattro parti con ritegni tenuto, $otto i ritegni $i conficcano
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parents:
diff changeset
17929 due manichi, a i quali con funi $i lega una taglia, $otto la quale &egrave; po$to un re
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parents:
diff changeset
17930 golo due piedi lungo, largo $ei dita, gro$$o quattro. le taglie hanno per larghezza tre or-
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parents:
diff changeset
17931 dini di raggi, &amp; co$i tre menali nella $ommit&agrave; della machina $i legano, &amp; dipoi $e riporta-
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parents:
diff changeset
17932 no alla taglia da ba$$o, &amp; $i fan pa$$are dalla parte di dentro per li $uoi raggi di $opra, d'in-
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parents:
diff changeset
17933 di $i riportano alla taglia di $opra, &amp; s'inue$teno per la parte di fuori nelia di dentro ne i
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parents:
diff changeset
17934 raggi di $otto, quando $aranno per la parte di dentro $ce$i, &amp; per li $econdi raggi $i trapor
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parents:
diff changeset
17935 tano nella parte di fuori, &amp; $i riportano di $opra a i $econdi raggi trapa$$ati tornano al
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parents:
diff changeset
17936 ba$$o, &amp; dal ba$$o $i riportano al capo, &amp; inue$titi ne i primi raggi di $opra, ritornano a i
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parents:
diff changeset
17937 piedi della machina. Ma nella radice di quella $i pone la terza<*>aglia da Greci Epagon da
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parents:
diff changeset
17938 no$tri Artemon nominata. lega$i que$ta alla radice della machina, &amp; ha tre raggi, per li
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parents:
diff changeset
17939 quali trapo$te le funi $i danno a gli huomini, che le tirino, &amp; c&oacute;$i tirandole tre ordini
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parents:
diff changeset
17940 d'huomini $enz'argana pre$tamente alzano il pe$o. Que$ta $orte di machina $i chiama
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parents:
diff changeset
17941 poli$pa$ton, imperoche per molti circuiti de raggi ci da &amp; pre$tezza, &amp; facilit&agrave; grande,
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parents:
diff changeset
17942 &amp; il drizzare d'un traue $olo porta $eco que$ta utilit&agrave;, che prima quanto $i uuole, &amp; in
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parents:
diff changeset
17943 che parte $i uuole, &amp; dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra puo deponere il pe$o. Le ragioni del-
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parents:
diff changeset
17944 le $opra$critte machine non $olo alle dette co$e, ma a caricare, &amp; $carirar le naui fono ap
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parents:
diff changeset
17945 parecchiate; $tando altre di quelle dritte, altre piane po$te ne parettoli, che $i uoltano, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
17946 ancho $enza drizzar le traui nel piano con la i$te$$a ragione temprate le funi, &amp; le taglie $i
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parents:
diff changeset
17947 tirano le naui in terra.
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parents:
diff changeset
17948 <pb n="450">
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parents:
diff changeset
17949 <p><I>Bella, &amp; $ottile ragione &amp; inuentione di machina ci propone Vitr. &amp; c'in$egna il modo di $ar
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parents:
diff changeset
17950 la, l'ordimento delle funi, l'accommodarla per tir ar i pe$i, il uocabolo, &amp; l'u$o d'e$$a. Dapoi
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parents:
diff changeset
17951 ci fa auuertiti, come a molti modi, &amp; per molti effetti ci potemo $eruire delle ragioni delle machi
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parents:
diff changeset
17952 ne $opradette. Pre$uppone egli che drizziamo la machina, come s'&egrave; detto, &amp; dice, che l'u$o &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
17953 per far pre$to, &amp; che &egrave; artificio$a, &amp; opera di per$one pratiche. Drizza$i un traue, da capo
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parents:
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17954 del quale $i legano quattro funi, che egli chiama retinacoli, noi $artie, queste $i la$ciano andar
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parents:
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17955 in terra, &amp; $i raccommandano a pali, come di $opra. l'ufficio di que$te funi &egrave; tenir dritta la ma-
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parents:
diff changeset
17956 china, che non pieghi piu in una parte, che in un'altra. $otto que$te funi, o $artie, o ritegni,
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parents:
diff changeset
17957 che $ieno, la doue di $opra legate $ono, $i conficcano nelli lati del traue due manichi, tra quali &egrave; po
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parents:
diff changeset
17958 $ta una taglia, &amp; a quelli ben legata, ma $otto la taglia, come per letto, &egrave; una piana di lunghez
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parents:
diff changeset
17959 za di due piedi, larga $ei dita, gro$$a quattro. l'effetto di que$ta, &egrave; tener dritta la taglia, &amp; lon
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parents:
diff changeset
17960 tana dal traue, accioche $i po$$a far commodamente l'ordimento delle funi. Tre taglie ui uanno,
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parents:
diff changeset
17961 due delle quali hanno nella larghezza loro tre ordini di raggi, come ti mo$tra la figura. l'ordi-
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parents:
diff changeset
17962 mento delle funi &egrave; que$to. piglian$i tre menali, &amp; $i legano bene alla $ommit&agrave; della machina al
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parents:
diff changeset
17963 traue, i capi di quelli $i la$ciano andar giu, &amp; per la parte di dentro della taglia di $otto $i fanno
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parents:
diff changeset
17964 pa$$are tutti tre ordinatamente ne i raggi di $opra, cio&egrave; del primo ordine, pa$$ati che $ono tutti
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parents:
diff changeset
17965 tre $e riportano alla taglia di $opra, &amp; $i fan pa$$are dalla parte di fuori nella parte di dentro per
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parents:
diff changeset
17966 li raggi di $otto, &amp; co$i di$cendeno per la parte di dentro, &amp; s'inue$teno nel $econdo ordine de i
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parents:
diff changeset
17967 raggi, &amp; pa$$ano alla parte difuori, que$ti di nouo $i riportano alla taglia di $opra al $econdo or-
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parents:
diff changeset
17968 dine de i raggi &amp; trapa$$ati che $ono calano giu, &amp; dal terzo ordine de raggi, $i riportano al ca-
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parents:
diff changeset
17969 po della machina, &amp; inue$titi, che $ono nell'ordine de i raggi di $opra tutti tre i detti menali, ca
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parents:
diff changeset
17970 lano al pi&egrave; della machina, doue &egrave; legata la terza taglia, che da Greci &egrave; detta Epagon da latini
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parents:
diff changeset
17971 Artemon, da noi Pa$tecca: que$ta hatre $oli raggi al pari, ne i quali uanno i tre menali, o co-
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parents:
diff changeset
17972 dette che $i dicano, que$ti $i danno a per$one, che li tirano a tre per capo, doue con facilit&agrave; $i le-
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parents:
diff changeset
17973 uano i pe$i, &amp; la figura lo dimo$tra in una mano de i raggi nudi, perche meglio s'intenda, &amp; da i
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parents:
diff changeset
17974 praticanti $ar&agrave; bene inte$a: Et que$ta $orte di machina dalla moltitudine de i raggi &egrave; detta poli$pa
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parents:
diff changeset
17975 $ton. L'effetto &egrave; tale, che ammollando destramente quelli ritegni, &amp; $artie, $i puo far piegare in
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parents:
diff changeset
17976 che parte $i uuole, &amp; deporre i pe$i, doue torna bene. Ma l'u$o di tutte le predette machine,
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parents:
diff changeset
17977 quando per li loro uer$i accommodate $aranno, $i estende in piu fattioni: imperoche &amp; per carica
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parents:
diff changeset
17978 re, &amp; per $caricare le naui $on buone. l'arbore della naue ci $erue &amp; le funi $ue, &amp; quando il
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parents:
diff changeset
17979 pe$o &egrave; alzato al pari della costa del nauilio, $i fa andar il nauilio alla parte, &amp; in banda, &amp; co$i
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parents:
diff changeset
17980 il pe$o $i $carica, o in terra, o in altro nauilio minore. le mede$ime machine ste$e in terra, &amp; or-
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parents:
diff changeset
17981 dinate uarano le naui, &amp; le t<14>rano in acqua. il tutto &egrave; posto in bene accommodarle, &amp; a$$icu-
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parents:
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17982 rarle ne i manichi, &amp; in quelli strumenti che Vitr. chiama Carche$i, che $ono, per quanto sti-
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parents:
diff changeset
17983 mo io, certi strumenti, doue entrano le stanghe, che uoltano i perni delle ruote, ode i Timpani,
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parents:
diff changeset
17984 o de na$pi. altri dicono, che hanno la figura della lettera <G>*d</G>, ma for$e $ono $imili a quelli, che noi
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parents:
diff changeset
17985 chiamamo parettoli, $opra i quali $i uolta una bocca di fuoco per tirar in ogni uer$o, come $i ue-
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parents:
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17986 de nelle naui, &amp; nelle galere, &amp; nella figura.</I>
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parents:
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17987 <HEAD><I>D'una ingenio$a ragione di Cte$ifonte, per con-
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parents:
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17988 durre i pe$i. Cap. VI.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
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17989 <p>Non &egrave; alieno dall'in$tituto no$tro e$ponere una ingenio$a inuentione di Cte$i-
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parents:
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17990 fonte: percioche uolendo co$tui condurre dalle botteghe de i tagliapietra in
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parents:
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17991 Efe$o al Tempio di Diana i fu$ti delle colonne, non fidando$i ne i carri per la
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diff changeset
17992 grandezza de i pe$i, &amp; per le uie de i campi molli temendo, che le ruote non
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17993 <pb n="451">
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17994 fonda$$ero troppo, in que$to modo tent&ograve; di fare. Egli po$e in$ieme quattro pezzi di le-
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diff changeset
17995 gno molto benc comme$si gro$si quattro dita, due trauer$i trapo$ti tra due lunghi quan-
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17996 to erano i fu$ti delle colonne, &amp; nelle te$te de i fu$ti impiomb&ograve; molto bene i pironi di fer-
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diff changeset
17997 ro, che Cnodaces detti $ono a gui$a di pernuzzi, &amp; in que legni po$e gli anelli, ne i quali
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17998 haue$$ero ad entrar i detti pironi, &amp; con ba$toni di elce leg&ograve; le te$te. I pironi adunque
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17999 rinchiu$i ne i cerchielli liberamente $i poteano tanto riuoltare, che mentre i buoi $ottopo-
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diff changeset
18000 $ti tirauano i fu$ti delle colonne uolgendo$i ne i pironi, &amp; ne i cerchielli $enza fine $i gua-
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18001 uano. Hauendo poi a que$to modo condotto tutti i fu$ti, &amp; e$$endo nece$$ario tirar an-
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diff changeset
18002 cho gli architraui, il figliuolo di Cte$ifonte Metagene nominato, traport&ograve; quella ragio-
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18003 ne della condotta de i fu$ti alla condotta de gli architraui: imperoche egli fece ruote gran
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18004 di da dodici piedi, &amp; con la i$te$$a ragione con pironi &egrave; cerchielli $err&ograve; nel mezo di quelle
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18005 ruote i capi de gli architraui, &amp; co$i e$$endo tirati que legni da buoi rinchiu$i ne i cerchiel
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18006 li, i pironi uolgeuano le ruote, &amp; gli architraui $errati come perni nelle ruote, con la i$t<*>$
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diff changeset
18007 $a ragione, che condotti furono i fu$ti delle colonne, peruennero alluogo doue $i fabr-
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18008 caua. l'e$$empio di tal co$a &egrave; come quando nelle pale$tre $i $pianano con i cilindri i luoghi
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18009 doue $i camina: n&egrave; per&ograve; que$to haurebbe potuto fare $e il luogo non fu$$e $tato uicino,
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18010 perche da i tagliapietra al Tempio non ui ha piu d'otto miglia, n&egrave; ui &egrave; alcuna di$ce$a, ma
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18011 il tutto &egrave; piano campe$tre.
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18012 <p><I>La interpretatione, &amp; la pratica fa manifesto quello, che dice Vitr. &amp; cilindro era una pietra
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18013 di forma di colonna per i$pianare, &amp; or$are, come dicemo noi i terrazzi. Ma quanto bi$ogni
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18014 prima pen$arci $opra, auanti che $i dia principio a tali impre$e di condurre le co$e grandi Vitr. ci
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18015 dimo$tra in un bello e$$empio dicendo.</I>
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diff changeset
18016 <p>Ma a no$tri giorni e$$endo nel Tempio, doue era il colo$$o d'Apollo per uecchiezza rot
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18017 ta la ba$a, &amp; temendo$i, che la $tatua non ruina$$e, &amp; $i rompe$$e, condu$$ero chi dalle
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18018 i$te$$e petraie taglia$$ero la ba$a. Paconio $i pre$e il carico. Era que$ta ba$a lunga dodici
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diff changeset
18019 piedi, larga otto, alta $ei, que$ta Paconio gonfio di uanagloria non come Metagene ten
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18020 t&ograve; di condurre, ma con la i$te$$a ragione ad un'altro modo ordin&ograve; di fare una machina:
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18021 imperoche egli fece le ruote alte 15 piedi, nelle quali rinchiu$ei capi della pietra, dapoi a
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18022 torno la pietra da ruota a ruota ui acconci&ograve; fu$i gro$si due dita in modo, che tra fu$o &egrave; fi-
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diff changeset
18023 $o non era la di$tanza d'un piede: oltra di que$to d'intorno a i fu$i circond&ograve; una fune, &amp;
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18024 po$toui $otto i buoi tiraua la fune, &amp; co$i $ciogliendo$i la fune uoltaua le ruote; ma non
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diff changeset
18025 poteua per dritto tirarle, perche la machina u$ciua hora in una parte, hora in un'altra, dal
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parents:
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18026 che egli era forzato di nuouo tirarla indietro, &amp; co$i Paconio tirando, &egrave; ritirando con-
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parents:
diff changeset
18027 $um&ograve; il dinaio, $i che egli non hebbe poi da pagare.
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18028 <p><I>Et que$to luogo &egrave; ancho facile, perche Paconio fece un rocchello, come dicemo noi, nel quale
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parents:
diff changeset
18029 $err&ograve; la pietra, &amp; la corda, che era d'intorno al detto rocchello $i uolgeua hora in un luogo ho-
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18030 rain un'altro, &amp; per&ograve; non poteua tirar dritto, ma quanto tiraua inanzi, tanto la machina $i t<*>r
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18031 ceua, &amp; per drizzarla, tanto era nece$$ario tirarla in dietro, &amp; co$i la fatica era uana, come
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18032 quella di Si$ifo, per la colpa della uanit&agrave; $ua, leggi Leone al $e$to del$e$to.</I>
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18033 <HEAD><I>Come trouato s'habbia la petraia, della quale fu fatto il
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18034 Tempio di Diana Efe$ia. Cap. VII.</I></HEAD>
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18035 <p>IO u$cir&ograve; alquanto di propo$ito, &amp; dir&ograve; come trouate furono que$te petraie.
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18036 Pi$$odoro $u pa$tore, &amp; praticaua in que$ti luoghi, Pen$ando gli Efe$i di far
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18037 un Tempio a Diana, &amp; deliberando di $eruir$i del marmo di Paro, Precone$-
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parents:
diff changeset
18038 $o, Heraclea, &amp; di Tha$o, auuenne, che in quel tempo Pi$$odoro cacciate a
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18039 <foot><I>NNN</I></foot>
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18040 <pb n="452">
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18041 i pa$coli le pecore in que luoghi, &amp; iui concorrendo due montoni per urtar$i l'un l'altro
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18042 $enza incontro $i trapa$$arono, &amp; con empito l'uno perco$$e il $a$$o con le corna, dal qua-
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18043 le $eagli&ograve; una pietra di bianchi$simo colore. Dal che $i dice, che Pi$$odoro la$cia$$e le pe
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18044 core ne i monti, &amp; porta$$e correndo quella cro$ta in Efe$o allhora quando di cio $pecial
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18045 mente con$ultauano. co$i deliberaron di honorarlo grandemente, &amp; gli mutarono il no-
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18046 me, che in uece di Pi$$odoro fu$$e Euangelo <I>(cioe buon nuncio)</I> nominato, &amp; fin'al di
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parents:
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18047 d'hoggi ogni canti me$i il magi$trato di Efe$o $i conduce in quel luogo, &amp; gli fa $acrificio:
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18048 &amp; ca$o che cio fu$$e da quello preterme$$o, &egrave; tenuto alla pena.
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parents:
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18049 <p><I>La uanagloria ingann&ograve; Paconio, l arte aiut&ograve; Cte$ifonte, &amp; Metagene, il ca$o fece fauore a
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18050 Pi$$odoro. Et Vitr. ci ha recreati con que$ta digre$$ione uedendoci hauere $tanca, &amp; intricata
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18051 la $anta$ia con ruote, corde, timpani, argani, et girelle. Hora egli pa$$a dopo la fabrica al di-
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18052 $cor$o, &amp; fa $opra le dette co$e una belli$$ima con$ideratione dicendo.</I>
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18053 <HEAD><I>Del mouimento dritto, &amp; circolare che $i richiede a le-
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18054 uar ipe$i. Cap. VIII.</I></HEAD>
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18055 <p>Delle ragioni, con le quali $i tirano i pe$i breuemente io ho e$po$to quelle co$e,
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18056 che io ho giudicate nece$$arie.
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18057 <p><I>Vitr. nel primo Cap. di que$to libro ha detto, che machina era una continua colli
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18058 gatione di legname, che hauea uirt&ugrave; grande a muouere i pe$i. Que$to fin hora egli
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18059 ci ha dimo$trato. Ha detto ancho, che la machina $i muoue con artificio di molti giri: questa
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18060 parte hora egli ci e$pone, alche douemo por mente, per e$$er il fondamento di tutti gli artificij,
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18061 oltra che ci far&agrave; intender molte belle co$e delle Mecaniche di Ari$totile. Dice adunque.</I>
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18062 <p>Delle ragioni da tirar i pe$i, quelle co$e io ho breuemente e$po$to, che io ho giudica-
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18063 te nece$$arie, i mouimenti, &amp; le uirt&ugrave; delle quali due co$e diuer$e, &amp; tra $e di$simili come
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18064 conuengono, co$i $ono principij a due operationi, uno di que principij, &egrave; il mouimento
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18065 dritto, Euthia da Greci nominato: l'altro &egrave; il mouimento circolare chiamato Cyclotis,
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18066 ma inuero n&egrave; il dritto $enza il ci<*>colare, n&egrave; il circolare $enza il dritto puo fare, che i pe$i
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18067 $i leuino.
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18068 <p><I>La propo$itione di Vitr. &egrave; que$ta, che il mouimento dritto, &amp; il circolare, benche $iano due co
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18069 $e diuer$e, &amp; che $imiglianza tra $e non habbiano, pure concorreno a fare i merauiglio$i effet-
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18070 ti, che tutto d&igrave; uedemo nell'alzar i pe$i, n&egrave; uno pu&ograve; $tar $enza l'altro: ma come cio adiuegna
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18071 Vitr. da$e $te$$o l'e$pone, dicendo.</I>
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18072 <p>Ma come quello, che io ho detto, s'intenda, e$poner&ograve;. Entrano i pernuzzi ne i raggi
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18073 come centri, &amp; nelle taglie $i pongono, per que$ti raggi la fune $i uolge con dritti tiri, &amp;
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18074 po$ta nel molinello per lo riuolgimento delle $tanghe fa, che i pe$i $i leuino in alto, &amp; i
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18075 cardini del molinello come centri del dritto ne i gattelli collocati &amp; ne i $uoi buchi po-
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18076 $te le $tanghe uo ltando$i in giro le te$te a ragione di torno alzano i pe$i.
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18077 <p><I>Per indottione proua Vitr. che il dritto, &amp; il circolare entrano a i mouimenti delle co$e, &amp;
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18078 prima ne gli $trumenti delle taglie, $tanghe, et molinelli, perche i giri, i raggi gli auolgimenti ri-
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18079 $pondeno al circolare, le funi, le stanghe i perni ri$pondeno al dritto nelle $opraposte machine,
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18080 dapoi ne gli altri $trumenti, come qui $otto dimo$tra dicendo.</I>
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diff changeset
18081 <p>Similmente come la $tanga, o leua di ferro quando &egrave; appo$ta al pe$o, quello, che
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18082 non puo da molte mani e$$er leuato, $ottopo$to a gui$a di centro, per dritto quello, $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
18083 pra che $i ferma la manouella, che hypomochlion da Greci &egrave; detta, qua$i $otto $tanga,
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18084 &amp; po$ta $otto il pe$o, la manouella, o lenguella della $tanga, &amp; calcato il capo di quella
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18085 dalle forze d'un huomo $olo, quel pe$o $i leua.
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18086 <pb n="453">
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18087 <p><I>Molte questioni pertinenti alle Mecaniche di Arist. in poche parole po$te, &amp; ri$olute $ono da
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parents:
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18088 Vitr. in questo luogo. Per&ograve; con$ider ar bi$ogna le regole generali, &amp; i principij di tutte. In
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diff changeset
18089 ogni artificio$o mouimento $ono quattro co$e il pe$o, la forza, che lo muoue, lo strumento, con
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18090 che $i muoue, detto Vectis Latinamente, Mochlion in Grcco, Leua in Volgare, &amp; quello $opra
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parents:
diff changeset
18091 che $i ferma la Leua Hypomochlion in Greco, Pre$$io in Latino, &amp; Sottoleua direi in Volgare.
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parents:
diff changeset
18092 tutte queste co$e dalla stadera alla bilancia, &amp; dalla bilancia alla ragione del circolo $i uanno ri
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parents:
diff changeset
18093 ducendo. O$$erua$i adunque, che le parti piu lontane dal centro fanno maggiore, piu presto,
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parents:
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18094 &amp; piu euidente effetto, che le uicine, perche $ono piu lontane dallo immobile, &amp; meno parteci-
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parents:
diff changeset
18095 pano della natura del centro, doue $ono meno impedite e$$endo lontane dal centro, &amp; quelli pe$i,
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parents:
diff changeset
18096 che $ono da i capi piu lontani dal centro, per le loro naturali inclinalioni, tendendo al ba$$o $ono
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parents:
diff changeset
18097 meno impediti, &amp; piu presto drizzano al perpendicolo, che li piu uicini, &amp; per&ograve; in ogni stru-
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parents:
diff changeset
18098 mento con$iderar $i deue, o il centro, o quello, che come centro $i piglia. Nella bilancia adun-
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parents:
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18099 que, &amp; nella stadera il centro &egrave; quel punto del pirone, che trapa$$a l'orecchia, che an$a, &amp; la
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parents:
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18100 lenguella, che E$$ame &egrave; nominata. Questo luogo del centro, &egrave; come la $ottoleua, perche $opra
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parents:
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18101 quello $i ferma la leua, &amp; nella bilancia le braccia, o raggi, che Scapi da i Laiini $i dicono,
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parents:
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18102 rappre$entano la leua, che $ono come linee, che $i parteno dal centro. Quando adunque questi
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parents:
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18103 raggi $ono eguali di grandezza, &amp; di pe$o le teste loro, e$$endo la bilancia $o$pe$a, non piegano
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parents:
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18104 una piu dell'altra, ma $ono egualmente distanti dal piano: ma quando $e le d&agrave; pe$o da uno de capi
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parents:
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18105 forza &egrave;, che trabocchi la bilancia: &amp; piu presto traboccher&agrave;, &amp; con minor pe$o quando il rag
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parents:
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18106 gio $ar&agrave; maggiore, &amp; il pe$o piu lontano dal centro per la $opradetta ragione: per&ograve; dice$i nelle
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parents:
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18107 Mecaniche, che le bilancie, che hanno i fusti maggiori $ono piu certe, cio&egrave; piu presto. &amp; con
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18108 minor pe$o bilanciano, &amp; piu certo dimo$trano il pe$o, percioche per ogni lieue aggiunta $i muo-
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18109 ueno, &amp; in egual, o minore $patio di tempo, fanno maggiore $patio di luogo. Ma bi$ogna inten
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18110 dere, che tutte le co$e $ian pari, &amp; che la materia $ia uniforme, &amp; eguale per tutto di pe$o, &amp;
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parents:
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18111 di lunghezza. Prende$i la lunghezza de i raggi dal punto di mezo, che per centro, o $ottoleua
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18112 $i pone. $tender ai due raggi eguali mouendo$i i capi di quelli uno all'ingiu, &amp; l'altro all'in$u co-
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parents:
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18113 mincieranno a di$egnare un circolo ad uno i$te$$o tempo, &amp; cia$cuno parimente finir &agrave; la $ua met&agrave;
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parents:
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18114 del circolo quando $aranno peruenuti l'uno al luogo dell'altro, ma $e i raggi della bilancia non $a-
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parents:
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18115 ranno di pari lunghezza, mouendo$i al $opradetto modo, $egneranno circoli di$eguali, $i che il rag
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parents:
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18116 gio maggiore farebbe circonferenza maggiore, quando gli la$cia$$e un $egno, &amp; per&ograve; mouendo$i
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parents:
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18117 l'uno, &amp; l'altro capo ad un i$te$$o tempo, piu ueloce mouimento farebbe il capo maggiore. Que-
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parents:
diff changeset
18118 $to s'intende della bilancia, o $ia ella $o$pe$a dal di$opra, come $i u$a per la piu parte, o $ia $o$te-
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parents:
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18119 nuto con un pi&egrave; di $otto come la figura lo dimo$tra. Euui un'altra maniera di bilancia, che piu
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parents:
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18120 pre$to meza bilancia $i puo chiamare, &amp; &egrave; detta $tadera. Que$ta ba i raggi $uoi di$eguali, &amp; do
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parents:
diff changeset
18121 ue &egrave; il minore, iui $i attacano i pe$i. In que$ta &egrave; il centro, o la $ottoleua, come nella bilancia,
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parents:
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18122 doue &egrave; la lenguella. l'altro raggio &egrave; maggiore, &amp; $i $egna con d uer$i punti, $opra i quali ua
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parents:
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18123 giocando un pe$o mobile detto il marco, ma da latini equipondio, &amp; da Greci sferoma, affine,
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parents:
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18124 che hora piu uicino, hora piu lontano al punto di mezo, leui i maggiori, &amp; i minori pe$i. que$ti
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parents:
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18125 ri$ponde alla forza, che muoue, che come forte mano calca il raggio maggiore nella $tadera, il $i
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parents:
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18126 mile fa il $econdo pe$o del braccio minore, &amp; $e egli $i muta$$e l'orecchie &amp; la lenguella alla $ta-
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parents:
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18127 dera, $i puo dire, che ella fu$$e piu bilancie, &amp; per molte bilancie $i puo u$are uariando$i i luo-
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parents:
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18128 ghi delle orecchie, &amp; delle lenguelle per lo leuare di diuer$i pe$i. Quanto adunque &egrave; piu uicina
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18129 la orecchia, &amp; la lenguella alla lance, che &egrave; quella catena, doue $i attacca il pe$o, tanto piu
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18130 $i leua il pe$o, che &egrave; in e$$a lance, percioche la linea, che &egrave; dall'orecchia al marco &egrave; maggio-
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18131 re. Ecco adunque come la stadera, &amp; la bilancia $iriduceno alla ragione del circolo. $imil-
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18132 mente la leua $i riduce alla iste$$a ragione, perche la leua &egrave; come il raggio della b lancia, la $ot-
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18133 toleua come il centro, il pe$o ri$ponde alla co$a mo$$a, &amp; la mano di chi calca, a colui, che muo-
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18134 ue, &amp; quanto &egrave; maggiore la stanga dal punto, oue ella $i ferma, tanto piu facilmente $i muoue il</I>
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18135 <foot><I>NNN</I> 2</foot>
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18136 <pb n="454">
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18137 <I>pe$o per le dette ragioni; di qui na$ce, che apunt ando un legno a mezo nelle ginocchia, &amp; tenen-
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18138 do$i i capi di quello con le mani, quanto piu lontane $i teniranno le mani dal ginocchio, che &egrave; co-
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18139 me centro, tanto piu facilmente $i romper&agrave; il legno. $imil effetto ne na$cerebbe, $e egli $i calca$$e
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18140 un capo del legno col piede, &amp; di$tante da quello $i tene$$ero le mani. Et ancho entrando un po-
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18141 co di cugno in un gro$$o, &amp; duro zocco, &amp; percotendo$i con un maglio quel cugno, facilmente
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18142 $i $pczzail legno, perche il cugno &egrave; come la leua, anzi come due, una di $otto l'altra di $opra,
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18143 &amp; quelle parti del zocco, che $ono tocche da quelle $ono come centri, &amp; $ottoleue: &amp; la forza di
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18144 chi percote &egrave; il mouente, &amp; quella parte del legno, che tocca dalla punta del cugno, ri$ponde al pe
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18145 $o da e$$er leuato. Similmente quelle forbici, che hanno imanichi maggiori tagliano, o rompe-
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18146 no piu presto le co$e dure, che le minori, &amp; finalmente tutte le que$tioni mecaniche d'intorno a
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18147 pe$i $i riduceno a que$te ragioni, come a chi con$idera puo e$$er manife$to: per&ograve; hauendo noia ba-
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18148 stanza di$cor$o $opra il pre$ente capo, $eguiteremo Vitruuio, il quale hauendo prouato nella leua
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18149 il mouimento dritto, &amp; detto l'effetto di e$$a, $eguita a dirne la ragione.</I>
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18150 <p>Et que$to na$ce perche la parte dinanzi piu corta della leua entra $otto il pe$o da quella
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18151 parte della $ottoleua, che &egrave; come centro, &amp; il capo della leua, che &egrave; piu lontano dal centro
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18152 mentre che &egrave; calcato facendo il mouimento circolare co$trigne col calcare con poca for-
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18153 za porre in bilico un grandi$simo pe$o.
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18154 <p><I>Il mouimento dritto prouato di $opra ha bi$ogno del mouimento circolare. questo proua Vi-
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18155 tru. nella leua, ilche $i uede chiaro, percioche tanto il capo del raggio minore, quanto del mag-
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18156 giore di$egna i circoli, come nella bilancia s' &egrave; dimostrato.</I>
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18157 <p>Simigliantemente $e la lenguella della leua di ferro $ar&agrave; po$ta $otto il pe$o, &amp; cheil ca-
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18158 po col calcare non a ba$$o, ma per lo contrario in alto $ar&agrave; leuato, la lenguella apuntan-
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18159 do$i nel piano della terra hauer&agrave; quello in luogo di pe$o, &amp; l'angulo del pe$o in luogo di
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18160 $ottoleua, &amp; co$i non tanto facilmente, quanto per la $ottoleua alzer&agrave;, nientedimeno all'op
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18161 po$to del pe$o nel carico $ar&agrave; commo$$o.
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18162 <p><I>Quello, che dice Vitr. benche con modo difficile detto $ia, per&ograve; $i puo intendere a que$to modo,
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18163 che non $olamente la leua $i adopera calcando uno de capi $tandoui $otto e$$a leua, &amp; alzando il
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18164 pe$o, come egli ha detto di $opra: ma alcuna fiata per $pigner un pe$o, $i punta la lenguella del-
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18165 la leua $otto e$$o nella terra, laqual lenguella &egrave; ferrata, &amp; propiamente &egrave; la leua della $tanga, &amp;
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18166 l'altro capo $i alza con le mani, di modo che quel punto del pe$o, che ha da e$$er $p&igrave;nto, &egrave; come
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18167 centro, &amp; $ottoleua, &amp; la terra &egrave; come il pe$o, &amp; il carico, &amp; $e bene a que$to modo $i $pigne
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18168 un pe$o, non per&ograve; co$i facilmente &egrave; mo$$o, come quando l'uno de capi s'inalza: &amp; la figura di
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18169 quanto s' &egrave; detto &egrave; al fine del pre$ente capo. Dalle $opradette co$e Vitr. conclude.</I>
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18170 <p>Adunque $e la lenguella della leua &egrave; po$ta $opra la $ottoleua, $ottentrer&agrave; al pe$o con la
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18171 parte maggiore della $tanga, &amp; il capo di quella $ar&agrave; calcato piu uicino al centro non
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18172 potr&agrave; alzar'il pe$o, $e non ($i come &egrave; $tato $opra$critto) il bilico, &amp; l'e$$ame della leua $ar&agrave;
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18173 piu lungo dalla parte della te$ta, &amp; non $ar&agrave; fatto appre$$o il pe$o.
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18174 <p><I>Nella leua, come ho detto &egrave; il capo, &amp; &egrave; quella parte che $i calca con le mani, &amp; la leng uella,
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18175 che &egrave; quella parte, che $ott' entra al pe$o ferrata da capo, tutta la leua &egrave; in due raggi partita, da
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18176 quel punto, che tocca la $ottoleua. $e adunque da quel punto alla lenguella $ar&agrave; il raggio piu lun-
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18177 go, che dallo i$te$$o punto al capo, non $i potr&agrave; leuar il pe$o, &amp; la ragione &egrave; in pronto, perche il
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18178 raggio maggiore rappre$enta la linea maggiore, che $i parte dal centro, &amp; per&ograve; fa piu mouimen-
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18179 io: &amp; que$to $i proua da Vitr. in questo modo, quando egli dice.</I>
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18180 <p>Er que$to $i puo con$iderare dalle $tadere, perche quando la orecchia &egrave; uicinal al capo,
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18181 doue pende la lance, nelqual luogo ella &egrave; come centro, &amp; che il marco, o romano, detto
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18182 equipondio, nell'altra parte del fu$to uagando per li $egni, quanto &egrave; piu lontano con-
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18183 dotto, $e ben fu$$e pre$$o all'e$tremo del fufto, ancho con men pari pe$o agguaglia il pe-
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18184 $o, che &egrave; dall'altra parte, $e bene &egrave; grandi$simo, &amp; que$to adiuiene per lo bilanciar del fu-
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18185 <pb n="455">
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18186 $to, &amp; perche la leua &egrave; lontana dal centro. Et con la picciolezza del marco piu debile
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18187 leuando in un momento maggior forza di pe$o $enza uehemenza dolcemente con$trigne
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18188 dal ba$$o al di$opra leuar$i.
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18189 <p><I>Que$to ancho s'intende, per le co$e dette di$opra da nol, quando dimostrato hauemo, che co-
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18190 $a &egrave; stadera, che parti habbia, &amp; che effetti faccia. Ari$t. nella uige$ima quint a questione diman
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18191 da. Perche cagione la $tadera con un picciol marco pe$a grandi<02>imi pe$i, concio$ia che tutta la
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18192 $tadera altro non $ia, che meza bilancia, perche da una parte $ola pende la lance, allaquale $i
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18193 appende il pe$o, dall' altra $enza lance, &egrave; la $tadera. Scioglie$i la dimanda, che la stadera ci rap-
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18194 pre$ent a &amp; la bilancia, &amp; la leua, imperoche &egrave; $imile alla bilancia, quando cia$cuna orecchia,
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18195 &amp; lenguella puo mutar luogo $econdo la quantit&agrave; de i pe$i, che uolemo leuare, &amp; mutando il
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18196 luogo, &amp; facendo diner$i centri, da una parte &egrave; la lance, ouer uncino doue s'appende il pe$o, dal-
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18197 l'altra &egrave; il marco, in luogo dell'altra lance, ilquale tira il pe$o, che &egrave; nella lance, &amp; a que$to mo-
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18198 do la $tadera &egrave; come la bilancia, &amp; per&ograve; fa gli effetti i$te<02>i per leiste$$e ragioni, &amp; accioche una
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18199 stadera e$$er po$$a diuer$e bilancie, $e le pone diuer$e orecchie, &amp; lenguelle, cio&egrave; $i mutano i
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18200 centri, doue la $i tiene: uero &egrave; che quando pe$amo una co$a, ella &egrave; come una $ola bilancia, per-
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18201 che ha un centro $olo, &amp; due raggi, ma noi mutando il pe$o mutiamo il centro, perche il marco
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18202 non calca egualmente e$$endo piu uicino, o piu lontano al centro, imperoche quando pe$amo al-
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18203 cuna co$a, quanto piu il centro, doue &egrave; l'orecchia, &egrave; uicino al pe$o, tanto piu $i leua, perche la li-
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18204 nea, cio&egrave; il fusto, che &egrave; dal centro al marco $i fa maggiore. Ecco adunque le ragioni della bilan-
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18205 cia ritrouate nella stadera, che da Arist. &egrave; Phalange nominata. S'a<02>imiglia anche alla leua, &amp;
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18206 &egrave; come una leua riuer$cia, perche ha dal di $opra la $ottoleua, o pre<02>ione che $i dica, che &egrave; la do-
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18207 ue &egrave; il centro, ha la forza, che muoue, che &egrave; il marco, che calca il fusto, &amp; calcando &egrave; nece$$a-
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18208 rio, che il pe$o, che &egrave; dall'altra parte faccia mutatione, &amp; puo e$$er, che mutando$i i centri $i fac-
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18209 ciano piu leue, come $i faceuano piu bilancie. Vero &egrave; che per l'ordinario alle stadere non $i fan-
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18210 no piu, che due trutine, cio&egrave; non $i muta il centro $e non in due luoghi, &amp; quando $i u a quella
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18211 trutina, o quelle orecchie, che $ono uicine alla lance dicemo pe$ar alla gro$$a, perche i $egni, &amp; le
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18212 crocinel fusto $egnati $ono piu larghi, ma quando u$amo il centro piu rimoto dicemo pe$are alla
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18213 $ottile, &amp; i $egni $ono piu uicini. chiama$i stadera, perche in luogo dell'altra lance sta il marco.
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18214 Et tanto detto $ia della stadera.</I>
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18215 <p>Ancho $i come il nocchiero d'una gran naue da carico tenendo l'an$a del temone, oiax
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18216 detta da greci, in un momento con una mano per la ragione del centro calcando artificio
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18217 $amente uolge la naue carica di pe$i grandi$simi, di merci, &amp; d'altre co$e nece$$arie.
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18218 <p><I>Ari$totile nella quinta que$tione dimanda, perche cagione e$$endo il gouerno picciolo &amp; po$to
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18219 nella e$tremit&agrave; della naue, ha per&ograve; tanta forza, che tenendo un'huomo l'an$a di quello nelle mani,
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18220 &amp; uolgendola de$tr amente, faccia tanto mouimento nelle naui di grandi<02>imo carico. Ri$ponde
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18221 dicendo, che cio aduiene, perche il timone, &amp; gouerno &egrave; come la leua, il mare come il pe$o, il Noc
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18222 chiero come la forza mouente, la $ottoleua $ono que cardini ne i quali &egrave; posto il temone, &amp; il car
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18223 dine &egrave; come centro di quel giro, che dall'e$tremit&agrave; del temone dall'una, &amp; l'altra parte &egrave; di$egna-
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18224 to. il temone adunque taglia il mare per dritto, &amp; $cacciandolo da un lato muoue la naue per tor
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18225 to, &amp; per questo e$$endo l'acqua come il pe$o, il temone che per lo contrario $i punta piega la
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18226 naue, perche il centro, &amp; l'appoggio era riuolto al contrario, alquale e$$endo la naue congiun-
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diff changeset
18227 ta, di nece<02>it&agrave; la naue lo $eguita, di modo che $e'l mare &egrave; $cacciato dalla de$tra, il cardine ua alla
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diff changeset
18228 $ini$tra, &amp; la naue $eguita il cardine. Mail temone $i pone da poppa nella e$tremit&agrave; della naue,
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18229 &amp; non altroue, percioche ogni picciolo mouimento, che $i fa da un'e$tremo, quanto maggior &egrave;
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18230 lo $pacio all'altro e$tremo, fa tanto maggior mouimento in quello, percioche le ba$e, che rinchiu-
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18231 dono quelle linee, che da uno angulo uengono, quanto piu lunghe $ono le linee tanto $ono maggio-
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18232 ri. Sia lo angulo A. le linee, che uengono da quell'angulo $iano A C. &amp; A D. laba$a.
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18233 C D. non ha dubbio, che $e le linee $aranno allungate come dallo A. all' F. &amp; dallo A.</I>
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18234 <pb n="456">
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18235 <I>all' H. la ba$a F H. non habbia ad e$$er maggiore, che la ba$a. C D. quando adunque
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diff changeset
18236 $i far &agrave; un breue mouimento dalla poppa, per la lunghezza della naue da poppa &agrave; prora, la c-
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18237 $iremita della prora hauer&agrave; $egnato gran parte di circonferenza, &amp; maggiore diquella, che bau-
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18238 rebbe $egnato la lunghezza della poppa dell'albero, &amp; per&ograve; $ta bene, che il teinone, che &egrave; prin-
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18239 cipio nel mouimento, &amp; come angulo $ia $u l'estremo.</I>
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diff changeset
18240 <p>Et ancho le uele alzate a mezo l'albero non danno tanta celerit&agrave; alla naue, quanto $e $o
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18241 no alzate le antenne alla $ommit&agrave;: &amp; la ragione &egrave; que$ta, perche $tando nella $ommit&agrave; n<*>
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18242 fono uicine al piede dell'albero, che in quel luogo &egrave; in uece di centro, ma nella $ommit&agrave;
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18243 piu lontane, &amp; da quello piu rimote plgliano le uele il uento. Adunque $i come la leua
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18244 $ottopo$ta al pe$o, $e per la met&agrave; &egrave; calcata, &egrave; piu dura nell'opera: ma quando il $uo capo
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18245 e$tremo &egrave; calcato, &amp; menato alza facilmente il pe$o, co$i e$$endo le uele a mezo albero
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18246 hanno minor uirt&ugrave;, ma quelle, che alla cima po$te $ono allontanando$i dal centro, benche
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18247 il uento non $ia piu gagliardo, ma lo i$te$$o calcando, o $pignendo la cima sforza la na-
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18248 ue andar piu innanzi.
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18249 <p><I>Con lo i$te$$o uento, &amp; con la mede$ima uela ander&agrave; la naue piu forte e$$endo ghindata l'an-
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18250 tenna alla $ommit&agrave; dell'albero, che al mezo, la ragione &egrave; come nella $esta que$tione $i uede, per-
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18251 che l'albero &egrave; come la leua; il piede, la doue $i ferma, &egrave; come il centro, &amp; $ottoleua; il pe$o &egrave; la
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18252 naue; il mouimento &egrave; il uento: $e adunque il mouente calca, &ograve; $pigne le parti lontane dal centro
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18253 piu facilmente muoue, che uicino al centro.</I>
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diff changeset
18254 <p>Ancho i remi con le $trope legati alli $chermi $pinti, &amp; ritirati con le mani, allontanan-
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18255 do$i dal centro le pale di e$si nell'onde del mare con grande forza $pingono la naue innan-
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18256 zi, che &egrave; di $opra mentre che la prora taglia la rarit&agrave; del liquore.
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18257 <p><I>Il remo &egrave; come leua, lo $chermo come $ottoleua, il mare come pe$o, $econdo che $i uede nella
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18258 quarta dimanda: le braccia della leua $ono l'uno dallo $chermo all'acqua, l'altro dallo $chermo
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18259 alle mani del galeotto: l'effetto &egrave; lo iste$$o della leua, &amp; della bilancia, cerca le braccia maggio-
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18260 ri, &amp; minori, come &egrave; gia manife$to.</I>
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diff changeset
18261 <p>I grandi pe$i parimente quando portati $ono da quattro o $ei, che portano le lettiche,
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18262 $ono po$ti in bilico per li centri di mezo delle $tanghe, accioche con una certa propor-
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18263 tione partito il carico cia$cuno de i ba$taggi porti col collo egual parte del pe$o indiui$o,
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18264 perche le parti di mezo delle $tanghe, nellequali s'inue$teno le cigne, a i collari de porta-
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18265 tori $ono fitte, &amp; terminate con chiodi, accioche non $corrino di qu&agrave;, &amp; di l&agrave;: perche
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diff changeset
18266 quando oltra i con$ini del centro $i muoueno, premeno il collo di colui, che gli &egrave; piu ui-
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18267 cino, $i come nella $tadera il marco, quando con l'e$$ame ha i termini del pe$are.
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18268 <p><I>Dimanda Ari$t. nella uige$imanona que$tione, donde na$ce, che $e due portano uno i$te$$o ca-
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18269 rico $opra una $tanga, non egualmente $ono oppre$$i, $e il pe$o non &egrave; nel mezo, ma piu s'affatica
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18270 colui, che &egrave; piu uicino al pe$o ? ri$ponde che la $tanga &egrave; in uece di due leue, la cui $ottoleua riuer-
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18271 $cia &egrave; il pe$o, l'e$tremit&agrave; della leua $ono le parti della $tanga, che $i uoltano uer$o i portatori, de
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18272 i quali uno &egrave; in luogo del pe$o, che nella leua $i deue muouere, &amp; l'altro &egrave; in uece della forza, che
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18273 muoue, &amp; per&ograve; il braccio piu lungo della leua &egrave; quello che &egrave; calcato, &amp; l'altro &egrave; come quello,
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18274 che &egrave; $otto il pe$o, &amp; $e bene l'uno, &amp; l'altro &egrave; oppre$$o, nientedimeno &egrave; piu oppre$$o quello,
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18275 che &egrave; piu uicino al pe$o, perche quello, che &egrave; piu lontano alza piu la parte $ua, come che gli $ia
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18276 piu facile l'alzarla e$$endo piu lunga, &amp; dal centro piu rimota; ma $e il pe$o ste$$e nel mezo, la
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18277 fatica con egual portione diui$a $arebbe, &amp; tanto leuarebbe l'uno, quanto l'altro e$$endo egual-
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18278 mente dal centro lontani.</I>
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18279 <p>Per la i$te$$a ragione i giumenti, che $ono $otto il giogo, con egual fatica tirano i pe$i,
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18280 quando legati $ono in modo, che i loro colli $iano egualmente di$tanti dal mezo, la doue
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18281 $i lega il giogo: ma quando di quelli $ono le forze di$eguali, &amp; uno e$$endo piu gagliardo
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18282 preme l'altro, allhora facendo$i trapa$$are la corregia, $i fa una parte del giogo piu lunga,
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18283 <pb n="457">
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18284 laqualc aiuta il giumento piu debile: co$i nelle $tanghe, come ne i gioghi, quando le cigne
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18285 non $ono nel mezo, ma fanno quella parte, dallaquale pa$$a la cigna piu corta, &amp; l'altra
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18286 piu lunga: Con la i$te$$a ragione, $e per quel centro doue &egrave; la cigna trappa$$ata, l'uno &amp;
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18287 l'altro capo del giogo $ar&agrave; uoltato a torno, la parte piu luuga $ar&agrave; maggiore, &amp; la piu cor-
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18288 ta minore il $uo giro.
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18289 <p><I>Que$to &egrave; facile per le co$e dette di $opra, per&ograve; uolendo Vitru. dare una uniuer$ale conclu$ione
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18290 prouata da i primi principij, dice $eguitando la $ua indottione.</I>
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18291 <p>Et $i come le ruote minori hanno i mouimcnti loro piu duri, &amp; piudifficili, co$i le $tan
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18292 ghe, &amp; i gioghi in quelle parti doue hanno minor di$tanza dal centro alle te$te loro pre-
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18293 meno con difficult&agrave; i colli, &amp; quelle, che hanno dallo i$te$$o centro $patij piu lontani, al-
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18294 legeri$ceno di pe$o i portatori, &amp; in $omma &amp; que$te co$e gia dette al predetto modo ri-
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18295 ceueno i loro mouimenti col dritto, &amp; col circolare, &amp; ancho i carri, le carrette, i timpa-
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18296 ni, le ruote, le uide, gli $corpioni, le balifte, i calcatoi de i torchi &amp; le altre machine con
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18297 le i$te$$e ragioni per lo dritto centro, &amp; per lo circolare riuoltate fanno gli effetti $econ-
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18298 do la no$tra intentione.
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18299 <p><I>A me pare che Vitru. de i principij posti da lui, 'egli habbia proposto la ragione di tutte le ma-
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18300 chine trouate, &amp; che $i po$$ono trouare cerca l'alzare, il tirare, &amp; lo $pignere de i pe$i, che
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diff changeset
18301 $otto un'i$te$$o nome di machina trattoria &egrave; contenuto: La$cia questa bella con$ideratione a gli
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18302 ingenio$i, che il dritto, &amp; il circolare mouimento, &egrave; principio di tutte le co$e dette, &amp; che chi
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18303 $aper&agrave; in e$$e cono$cere il pe$o, la leua, la $ottoleua, &amp; la uirt&ugrave; mouente, comparando que$te co-
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18304 $e in$ieme, potr&agrave; render conto, &amp; $atisfare a tutte le dimande fatte nella pre$ente materia. A
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18305 noi re$ta dire alcuna co$a d'intorno le ruote de carri, &amp; cerca le uide, che hanno grandi$sime for-
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diff changeset
18306 ze, &amp; qua$i incredibili, &amp; dir&ograve; quello che dice il Cardano nel libro decimo $ettimo della $ottili-
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diff changeset
18307 t&agrave; delle co$e. Dice egli adunque con $imiglianti ragioni $i fanno le uide. Sia la uida a b.
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parents:
diff changeset
18308 cio&egrave; quella che egli Coclea dimanda, &amp; il ma$chio cio&egrave; la uida c d, laquale $i gira a'torno co-
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diff changeset
18309 me $i $uole: $ia il manico giunto al ma$chio e f. ilqual $i uolge col perno g h. facilmente
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18310 per la detta ragione delle $tanghe, giunto $ia dal ba$$o del ma$chio a piombo un pe$o di cento li-
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parents:
diff changeset
18311 bre, &amp; $ia m. uoltando $i adunque il perno g h. egli $i tirer&agrave;</I> k <I>l in $u, &amp; il pe$o m. ande-
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parents:
diff changeset
18312 r&agrave; all'in$u, &amp; per lo contrario uoltato il perno. g h. &amp; con la ragione i$te$$a $i $pigner&agrave; K l.
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diff changeset
18313 &amp; piegher&agrave; il ferro opposto di una gro$$ezza incredibile, Cire$ta a dimostrare, che il pe$o. m.
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18314 $i p$$a muouere, &amp; con che ragione, perche e<02>endo centomila libre di pe$o, &amp; $o$tenendo cia-
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diff changeset
18315 $cuna $pira, o anello della uida il $uo pe$o, $e $aranno dieci uolte, o $pire in cia$cuna $aranno dieci-
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18316 mila libre, tanto rittengono di pe$o in cia$cuna $pira, quanta &egrave; la proportione della ritondit&agrave; alla
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parents:
diff changeset
18317 fune, a cui &egrave; $o$pe$o m. quanto adunque piu $pire $aranno, &amp; piu $trette, &amp; maggiori, tanto piu
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18318 lieue $i far&agrave; il pe$o m. &amp; il mouimento piu facile, benche piu tardo. Adunque nello $pacio di
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18319 due braccia $i puo fare una uida, con le $pire tanto larghe, &amp; co$i ba$$e, che il pe$o. m. puo da
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18320 un fanciullo di dieci anni e$$er alzato, ma come ho detto, quanto piu facilmete tanto piu lentamen
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18321 te $i mouer&agrave;. Quando adunque $ar&agrave; tirato appre$$o la lunghezza l k. bi$ogner&agrave; $o$pender il
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18322 pe$o a quelle co$e, che $o$tentano la machina a i punti. n. &amp; o. &amp; co$i cauata con il contra-
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diff changeset
18323 rio mouimento.</I> k <I>l. appenderemo il pe$o, &amp; di nuouo tiraremo, &amp; l'alzaremo tanto quanto &egrave;
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18324 lo $pacio</I> k <I>l. finche $pe$$o legando il pe$o, o $ia naue la trarremo del mare, o del fiume: &amp; $i-
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diff changeset
18325 mile, o tale pen$ar douemo, che fu$$e lo strumento, con che Archimede tir&ograve; in merauiglia di $e
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18326 la leggierezza de Greci, perche a que$to modo un fanciullo potr&agrave; tirare una naue carica, che
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18327 uinti gioghi di buoi non la potrian muouere. ella &egrave; di acciaio duri$$imo, perche non $i torca, leg-
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18328 geri$$imo accio non $ia impedita, $oda, &amp; unta di oglio, perche l'oglio fa $correre, &amp; non la$cia
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18329 irruginire: &amp; quanto lo $trumento &egrave; minore, tanto piu ci d&agrave; da merauigliare. Ma pa<02>iamo a i
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18330 carri. quelli, che hanno ruote maggiori in terra molle con facilit&agrave;, &amp; pre$to $i muoueno, perche
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18331 il fango, che s'acco$ta, tocca minima parte delle ruote, &amp; meno impedi$ce, &amp; $empre la ruota</I>
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18332 <pb n="458">
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18333 <I>maggiore fa piu $pacio la, doue ella $ia $officiente al pe$o, &amp; quanto le ruote $aranne di numere
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18334 minore, il uiaggio $i fa piu pre$to. perche le molte $e $ono picciole, con minor circuito fanno mi-
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parents:
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18335 nor $pacio. Se grandi, alla forza aggiungono ancho il pe$o, n&egrave; per&ograve; abbracciano piu $pacio, &amp;
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18336 perci&ograve; $ono piu tarde al mouimento. Per&ograve; gl Imperatori Romani $i faceuano portare ne i carri
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18337 di due ruote, perche la doue il pe$o non &egrave; molto graue, o con piu caualli $i tira, o il uiaggio $i fa
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18338 piu pre$to, &amp; per que$to le artiglierie $i tirano $opra due ruote. Di nuouo la ragione della facilit&agrave;
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18339 a que$to &egrave; del tutto contraria, perche nel $odo piu ruote, &amp; picciole fanno alla facilit&agrave;, perche
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18340 il pe$o $i comparte per leruote, dalche $i fa l'aggiunta, &amp; non la moltiplicatione di quelle pro-
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18341 portioni. Ecco l'e$$empio. moltiplicate tra $e $ei doppie, rendeno la ragione di $e$$antaquattro ad
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18342 uno, ma le i$te$$e giunte in$ieme fanno duodecupla, perche &egrave; gran differenza tra il moltiplicar,
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18343 &amp; il $ommare delle proportioni. Se una ruota adunq ue porta il pe$o di $e$$antaquattro libre, tan-
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18344 to uale in $ei ruote dodici. $imilmente non $olo dal numero, ma ancho dalla picciolezza $i prende
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18345 aiuto, perche quanto piu tarde, tanto piu facilmente $i muoueno. Si d&agrave; ancho la terza ragione
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18346 della facilit&agrave;, quando il perno non &egrave; tanto oppre$$o, piu facilmente e$$endo libero $i riuolge, &amp;
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18347 co$i ua $eguitando. ma noi poneremo qui $otto la figura di tutte le $oprapo$te co$e, &amp; del pre$en-
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18348 te, &amp; de i pa$$ati capitoli.</I>
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parents:
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18349 <p><I>F la Taglia di $opra, &amp; il luogo doue ella $i lega.</I>
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18350 <p><I>L la Taglia di $otto detta Artemone, et Pa$tecca, &amp; in Creco Epagon.</I>
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diff changeset
18351 <p><19> <I>il Pe$o.</I>
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18352 <p><I>A la Leua, che s'appunta in terra, &amp; lenguella &egrave; detto il $uo capo.</I>
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18353 <p><I>3 il Pe$o.</I>
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18354 <p><I>1 la $ottoleua detta Hypomochlium, &amp; Pre$$io in latino.</I>
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18355 <p><I>2 la leua, o manouella detta Vectis in latino, Mochlion in Greco.</I>
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18356 <p><I>V il Marco, in latino detto Equipondium, in Greco Sferoma.</I>
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18357 <p><I>Q S Lances.</I>
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18358 <p><I>X Lances.</I>
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18359 <p><I>R An$a, Examen, Lenguella.</I>
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18360 <p><I>8 Cuneus, Cugno.</I>
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18361 <p><I>7 9 Stanga. 10 Pe$o.</I>
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18362 <p><I>H G Manico o $tanga.</I>
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18363 <p><I>M Pe$o.</I>
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18364 <p><I>O N Coclea la Vida.</I>
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18365 <p><I>D i Pali.</I>
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18366 <p><I>L doue $i attacca la Pa$tecca detta Artemo.</I>
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18367 <p><I>C Chelonia le orecchie.</I>
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18368 <p><I>F la Regola.</I>
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18369 <p><I>B Antarij funes le Sartie.</I>
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18370 <p><I>E il luogo de i Menali.</I>
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18371 <p><I>X la Bilancia appoggiata.</I>
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18372 <pb n="459">
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18373 <fig>
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18374 <foot><I>OOO</I></foot>
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18375 <pb n="460">
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18376 <HEAD><I>Delle $orti de gli strumenti da cauar l'acque, &amp; prima
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18377 del Timpano. Cap. IX.</I></HEAD>
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18378 <p>Horade gli $trumenti dir&ograve;, iquali $tati $ono ritrouati per cauar l'acqua, e$po-
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18379 nendo la uariet&agrave; loro, &amp; prima io ragioncr&ograve; del timpano. Que$ti non mol-
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18380 to alto leua l'acqua, ma molto e$peditamente ne caua una gran quantit&agrave;. gli
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diff changeset
18381 $i fa un perno a torno, o a $e$ta, con le te$te ferrate, que$ti nel mezo ha un tim-
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18382 pano di tauole fermate &amp; po$te in$ieme, &amp; $i pone $opra alcuni legni dritti, che dalle te$te
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18383 hanno certi cerchielli di lame di ferro, doue $i po$a il perno, ma nel cauo di quel timpa-
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18384 no po$te $ono dentro per trauer$o otto tauole, che con uno de capi loro toccano il per-
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18385 no, &amp; con l'altro l'e$trema circonferenza del timpano. que$te tauole comparteno la parte
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18386 di dentro del timpano con $pacij eguali. D'intorno alla fronte, cio&egrave; per taglio, o colello
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18387 del timpano, $i con$iccano certe tauole la$ciandoui l'aperture di mezo piede, accioche l'ac-
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18388 qua po$si entrar nel timpano: $imilmente lungo il perno $i la$ciano i buchi, che colomba-
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diff changeset
18389 ri detti $ono, cauati come'canali nello $pacio di cia$cuno di que compartimenti, &amp; que-
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diff changeset
18390 $to timpano quando &egrave; bene impegolato, &amp; $toppato, come $i fan le naui, &egrave; uoltato da gli
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18391 huomini, che lo calcano, &amp; riceuendo l'acqua per le apriture, che $ono nella fronte del
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18392 timpano manda quella per li buchi, o colombari del perno, &amp; co$i $ottopo$toui un labro,
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18393 dalqual e$ce un canale, o gorna che dir uogliamo, $i d&agrave; una gran copia d'acqua, &amp; $i $um-
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18394 mini$tra, &amp; per adacquar gli horti, &amp; per le $aline. Ma quando $ar&agrave; bi$ogno alzar l'acqua
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18395 piu alto, la i$te$$a ragione $i permuter&agrave; in que$to modo. Faremo una ruota d'intorno al
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18396 perno della grandezza, che all'altezza, doue far&agrave; bi$ogno po$$a conuenire. D'intorno al-
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18397 l'e$tremo lato della ruota $i con$iccheranno i $ecchielli, modioli nominati; que$ti e$$er
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18398 deono quadrati, &amp; con cera, &amp; pece ra$$odati: &amp; co$i uoltando$i la ruota da quelli, che
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18399 la calcheranno, i $ecchielli, che $aranno pieni portati alla $ommit&agrave; di nuouo ritornando a
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18400 ba$$o uoteranno da $e nella con$erua per que$to apparecchiata, che ca$tello $i chiama, uo
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18401 teranno dico quell'acqua, che haueranno $eco in alto portata. Ma $e a piu alti luoghi $i
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18402 douer&agrave; dar l'acqua, nel perno della $te$$a ruota $i porr&agrave; una catena di ferro raddoppiata,
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18403 &amp; riuolta, &amp; $i caler&agrave; al ba$$o liuello dell'acqua. a que$ta catena $aranno appo$ti i $ecchiel-
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18404 li pendenti di rame di tenuta d'un congio: &amp; co$i il uoltar della ruota inuolgendo la cate-
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18405 na nel perno, alzer&agrave; alla $ommit&agrave;, que' $ecchielli, i quali alzati $opra il perno $aranno con-
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18406 $tretti a riuer$ciar$i, &amp; uotare nella con$erua, quell'acqua, che haueranno portata.
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18407 <p><I>Et la interpretatione, &amp; le figure, &amp; l'hauer inte$o le co$e piu difficili, &amp; il uederne ordina-
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18408 riamente gli e$$empi mi leuan la fatica di commentare que$to, &amp; altri capi di Vitr. ben dir&ograve; che
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18409 in que$ta ultima ruota la catena con i $ecchielli puo e$$er po$ta $ul taglio della ruota, perche an-
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18410 cho piu alto leuer&agrave; l'acqua, come io ho ueduto a Bruggie terra della Fiandra. ma quella &egrave; uolta-
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18411 ta da un cauallo, con altre ruote.</I>
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18412 <HEAD><I>Delle Ruote, &amp; Timpani per macinar la fari-
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18413 na. Cap. X.</I></HEAD>
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18414 <p>Fanno$i ancho ne i $iumi le ruote con le i$te$$e ragioni, che di $opra $critto ha-
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18415 uemo. D'intorno alle fronti loro s'affigeno le pinne: lequali quando toc-
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18416 che $ono dall'impeto dell'acqua fanno a forza andando inanzi, che la ruota $i
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diff changeset
18417 uolga, &amp; co$i con i $ecchielli riceuendo l'acqua, &amp; riportandola di $opra $en-
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diff changeset
18418 <pb n="461">
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18419 za opera di huomini, che la calchino, dallo $pigner del $iume danno quello, che &egrave; nece$$a-
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18420 rio all'u$o. Con la i$te$$a ragione ancho le machine dette Hidraule $i uolgeno, nellequali
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diff changeset
18421 $ono tutte quelle co$e, che nell'altre machine $i trouano, eccetto che dall'una delle te$te
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18422 del perno hanno un timpano dentato, &amp; rinchiu$o, che a piombo &egrave; drizzato in colcllo
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18423 con la ruota parimente $i uolge. lungo quel timpano ce n'&egrave; un'altro maggiore, anch'egli
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18424 dentato, &amp; po$to in piano, dalquale &egrave; contenuto il perno, che da capo ha il ferro, che con
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18425 tiene la mola detto $ub$cude, &amp; co$i i denti di quel timpano, che &egrave; rinchiu$o nel perno $pi-
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diff changeset
18426 gnendo i denti del timpano, che &egrave; po$to in piano fanno andar a torno la mola. nellaqual
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diff changeset
18427 machina $tando appe$o il tramoggio, che infundibulo &egrave; detto, $ummini$tra il formento
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18428 alle mole, &amp; con l'i$te$$a giratione frange il grano, &amp; $i fa la farina.
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18429 <p><I>L'u$o $imilmente, &amp; la figura, con la chiarezza della interpretatione ci dimo$tra quanto &egrave;
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18430 $opradetto. hora ueniremo a piu ingenio$e inuentioni.</I>
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18431 <HEAD><I>Della uida, che alza gran copia d'acqua, ma non
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18432 $i alto. Cap. XI.</I></HEAD>
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18433 <p>Evui ancho la ragione della Vida, che caua molt'acqua, ma non l'alza tanto,
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18434 quanto la ruota, &amp; la forma di quella in que$to modo $i ordina. Piglia$i un
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parents:
diff changeset
18435 traue, che $ia tante dita gro$$o, quanti piedi ha da e$$er lungo, &amp; $i fa tondo a
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parents:
diff changeset
18436 $e$ta; i $uoi capi per lo circuito loro $i parteno in quarti, o uero in ottaui, $e
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18437 $i uuole, tirando le linee da un capo all'altro, &amp; que$te linee co$i po$te $ono, che drizzato
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18438 il traue in piedi a piombo ri$pondino le linee de i capi drittamente l'una con l'altra, &amp; da-
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18439 poi da que$te, che fatte $ono $u le te$te, da una te$ta all'altra per la lunghezza del traue $ia-
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parents:
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18440 no tirate le linee conuenienti in modo, che quanto grande $ar&agrave; l'ottaua parte nel circuito
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18441 delle te$te del traue, tanto $iano di$tanti le linee tirate per la lunghezza del traue, &amp; co$i
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18442 &amp; nella circonferenza delle te$te, &amp; nella lunghezza $aranno gli $pacij eguali. dapoi nelle
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parents:
diff changeset
18443 linee de$critte per lungo $egnar $i deono quegli $pacij, &amp; terminarli con incrocciamenti &amp;
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18444 $egni manife$ti. Fatto que$to con diligenza, $i piglia una piana di $elice, o di uitice {<I>che
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18445 Agnoca$to &egrave; detto</I>} que$ta piana, &egrave; come una $corza fle$sibile, unta poi di liquida pece $i
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18446 conficca nel primo punto d'una di quelle linee tirate per lungo, dapoi $i riporta al $econ-
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18447 do punto della $eguente linea, &amp; co$i di mano in mano $i ua riuolgendo per ordine toccan
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18448 do tutti i punti, &amp; finalmente partendo$i dal primo punto, &amp; uenendo all'ottauo di quella
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18449 linea, nellaquale la $ua prima parte era con$iccata, peruiene a quel modo: quanto obliqua
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18450 mente ella procede per lo $pacio, &amp; per gli otto punti, tanto nella lunghezza uiene uer$o
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18451 l'ottauo punto, &amp; con quella i$te$$a ragione per ogni $pacio della lunghezza, &amp; per cia$cun
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18452 $egno della ritondit&agrave; per torto conficcate le regole per le otto diui$ioni fatte nella gro$$ez
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18453 za del traue, fanno i canali obliqui, &amp; una giu$ta, &amp; naturale imitatione della uida. Dapoi
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18454 per lo i$te$$o ue$tigio altre piane $i conficcano una $opra l'altra unte di liquida pece, &amp;
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18455 s'inalzano fin'a tanto, che la gro$$ezza di quel colmo $ia per l'ottaua parte della lunghez-
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18456 za: $opra quelle d'intorno $i conficcano alcune tauole, che copreno quello inuoglio, &amp;
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18457 $e le d&agrave; la pece copio$amente, &amp; con cerchi di ferro $i legano, accioche per la forza dell'ac
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18458 qua non $i $ciolgano. Ma i capi del traue circondati $ono, &amp; contenuti da lame, &amp; chiodi
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18459 di ferro, &amp; in quelli $ono ficcati i pironi, o gli $tili di ferro, &amp; dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra
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18460 della uida $ono drizzati i pali, che da i capi dall'una, &amp; l'altra parte hanno fitti i loro trauer-
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18461 $i, ne i quali $ono i buchi circondati, &amp; inue$titi di ferro, ne i quali entrano gli $tili, &amp; coli
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18462 la uida calcando gli huomini $i uolge. Ma il drizzarla, &amp; il farla piegare quanto $i deue, $i
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18463 fa nel modo, che $ta il triangolo Pitagorico che ha lo angulo dritto, cioe $econdo la ragio
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18464 <foot><I>OOO</I> 2</foot>
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18465 <pb n="462">
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18466 ne della $quadra ella ri$ponda in modo, che la lunghezza della uida $ia partita in cinque
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18467 parti, &amp; per tre di quelle s'inalzi il capo della uida, &amp; co$i ne $eguir&agrave;, che dal punto a piom
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18468 bo di quel capo alle nari da ba$$o della uida lo $pacio $ar&agrave; di quattro parti. Ma con che ra-
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18469 gione cio e$$er fatto bi$ogni nel fine del libro ci $ar&agrave; con la $ua $igura dimo$trato.
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18470 <p><I>Io ho ueduto que$to $trumento fare una mirabili<02>ima proua nelle no$tre paludi per $eccar l'ac
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18471 que, che in e$$e colano, &amp; di piu io ho ueduto, che e$$endo le paludi pre$$o il $iume di Erenta la
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18472 ruota, che uolgeua la uida era posta $opra il fiume di modo, che l'acqua uolgendo la ruota, faceua,
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18473 che altre ruote, &amp; rocchelli, che dal perno di quella alquanto di$costi erano, $i moue$$ero, &amp; de$-
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18474 $ero uolta alla uida, che dalla palude cauando l'acqua la faceua cader in un ua$o $ottoposto da
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18475 cui n'u$ciua un canale di legno, per loquale l'acqua cauata, $e ne andaua nel fiume. Altri uoglio-
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18476 no, che $i po$$a con la iste$$a acqua dar mouimento ad una ruota, che uolga la uida continuamen-
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18477 te dopo il primo mouimento, co$i $arebbe un moto qua$i perpetuo. Ma io $timo che ci uogliano
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18478 altre con$iderationi, per&ograve; $eruiamoci per adacquare i campi come faceuano gli Egittij, $econdo
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18479 che riferi$ce Diodoro nel primo libro. &amp; dice, che fu inuentione di Archimede. La fabrica di
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18480 que$ta machina posta da Vitr. &egrave; non men bella, che facile, non men facile, che utile, &amp; s'intende
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18481 per la nostra interpretatione, &amp; per la figura de$critta da noi.</I>
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18482 <p>Io ho $critto quanto piu chiaramente ho potuto, accioche tai co$e manife$te $iano di
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diff changeset
18483 che materia $i facciano gli $trumenti da cauar l'acqua, &amp; con che ragioni $i facciano, &amp;
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18484 con quai co$e riceuendo il mouimento con i lor giri pre$tino infiniti commodi.
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18485 <HEAD><I>Della machina fatta da Cte$ibio, che alza l'acqua
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18486 molto in alto. Cap. XII.</I></HEAD>
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18487 <p>Seguita, che faccia la dimo$tratione della machina di Cte$ibio, laquale alza
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18488 molto l'acqua. Quella $i fa di rame, a pi&egrave; dellaquale $ono due moggetti al-
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18489 quanto di$tanti, liquali hanno le lor canne, o trombe (&amp; $ono in modo di
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18490 forchelle) ad uno i$te$$o modo attaccate, &amp; concorrenti amendue in un ca-
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18491 tino tra quelle po$to nel mezo. in que$to catino por $i deono le animelle di legno, o di
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18492 quoio po$te alle bocche di $opra delle canne $ottilmente congiunte, accioche turando i
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18493 fori delle dette bocche, non la$cino u$cire quello, che con il $offiare $ar&agrave; nel catino man
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18494 dato. $opra'l catino c'&egrave; una penola come un tramoggio riuer$o, che con una fibbia col
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18495 catino trapa$$atoui un cugno, &egrave; $aldata, accioche la forza del gon$iamento dell'acqua, non
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18496 la co$tringa alzar$i: di $opra c'&egrave; una fi$tola (che tromba $i chiama) $aldata, &amp; dritta. i mog-
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18497 getti ueramente da ba$$o tra le narici trapo$ti hanno i perni, o animelle $opra i buchi di
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18498 quelle, che $ono ne i fondi loro, &amp; co$i dal di$opra ne i moggetti entrando i ma$chi fatti
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18499 al torno, &amp; unti d'oglio, rinchiu$i &amp; bene a$$aggiati con $tanghe $i uolgeno: que$ti di qu&agrave;,
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18500 &amp; di l&agrave; con frequenti mouimenti premendo, mentre che i perni otturano l'aere, &amp; l'acqua,
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18501 che iui $i troua fanno forza a i buchi, &amp; $cacciano l'acqua per le narici delle canne nel ca-
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18502 tino $offiando per le pre$sioni, che $i fanno, dal catino la penola riceuendo l'acqua lo $pi-
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18503 rito, manda fuori per la tromba $operiore l'acqua, &amp; co$i da ba$$o po$ta la con$erua, &amp; il
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18504 luogo capace per riceuer l'acqua, ella $i $ummini$tra alle $aline. N&egrave; que$ta $ola ragione
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18505 di Cre$ibio $i dice e$$er $tata prontamente ritrouata, &amp; fabricata, ma ancho di piu, &amp; al-
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18506 tre di uarie maniere, che $i mo$trano forzate dall'humore con le pre$sioni dallo $pirito
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18507 mandar in luce gli effetti pre$tati dalla natura, come $ono delle merle, che col mouimen-
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18508 to mandano fuori i $uoni, &amp; le co$e che $i auicinano, che finalmente muoueno le figurine
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18509 che beueno, &amp; altre co$e, che con diletto lu$ingano gli occhi, &amp; le orecchie: dellequali io
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parents:
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18510 ho $celto quelle, che io ho giudicato grandemente utili, &amp; nece$$arie, &amp; quelle, che non
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18511 <pb n="463">
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18512 <fig>
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18513 <pb n="464">
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18514 $ono utili, &amp; commode al bi$ogno della uita, ma al piacere delle delicie, $i potranno tro-
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parents:
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18515 uare da quelli, che di e$$e de$idero$i $aranno, dai commentari di Cte$ibio.
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parents:
diff changeset
18516 <fig>
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parents:
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18517 <p><I>Cte$ibio molto commendato in diuer$i luoghi trou&ograve; una machina mirabile da alzar l'acqua,
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18518 &amp; questa &egrave; tra le machine $piritali collocata. Vitruuio prima ne fa la dimostratione della pra-
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parents:
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18519 tica, dipoi commenda Cte$ibio di diuer$e inuentioni. Quanto adunque a$petta alla fabrica, io di-
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parents:
diff changeset
18520 co, che $i apparecchia un catino, o uero una conca di rame, laquale ha un coperchio di rame det-
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parents:
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18521 to Penula da Vitr. che &egrave; come un tramoggio riuer$o, dalla cui $ommit&agrave; e$ce una tromba, &amp; il tut-
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parents:
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18522 to &egrave; bene $tagnato, &amp; $aldato in$ieme, accioche la uiolenza dell'acqua non l'apra, o rompa. nel
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parents:
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18523 fondo del catino $ono due bocche da Vitr. Narici nominate coperte di quoio, o di legno in modo,
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parents:
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18524 che quel quoio, o legno $i puo alzare, &amp; abba$$are, $i come $i uede ne i folli, o mantici; Que$ti le-
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parents:
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18525 gni Vitr. a$$i, noi animelle chiamamo, &amp; $i leuano uer$o il coperchio, ma quando $ono calcati dal-
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parents:
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18526 l'acqua, che &egrave; dentro il catino, otturano le bocche, allequali $ono $aldate due canne dette da Vitr.
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parents:
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18527 fi$tule, che partitamente $tendendo$i una dalla de$tra, l'altra dalla $ini$tra, $ono in$erte, &amp; $tagna
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parents:
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18528 te pre$$o i fondi d'alcuni $ecchi, che Vitr. Modioli $uol nominare, ne i fondi de i quali $ono le ani-
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parents:
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18529 melle come nel catino. Entra poi dal di$opra de i detti $ecchielli un ma$colo per cia$cuno tornito,
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18530 &amp; unto bene, &amp; a$$aggiato a punto, come $i uede nel gonfietto della palla da uento. que$ti ma-
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18531 $coli da i manichi loro di $opra hanno, o $tanghe, o leue, o altra co$a che gli alzano, &amp; abba$$ano
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18532 come dimostra la figura, &amp; Vitr. lo la$cia alla uoglia di chi fa que$ta machina. Quando adunque
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parents:
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18533 $i leua un ma$colo $tando l'altro a ba$$o, l'acqua per una bocca del $ecchio la doue &egrave; l'animella
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18534 nel fondo $ott'entra $eguitando l'aere, accio non $i, dia uoto, &amp; qua$i a$$orbita empie il $ecchiel-
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18535 lo, mentre l'aere e$ce per la canna. quando poi $i abba$$a il detto ma$colo, egli calca l'acqua, &amp;
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18536 quella non potendo u$cire per la bocca di $otto e$$endo quella dall'animella otturata, quanto piu
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18537 $i calca, tanto a$cende per la canna, &amp; entra nel catino. in que$to mezo dall'altro $ecchiello alzan
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18538 do$i il ma$colo, l'acqua entra per la $ua bocca, &amp; lo riempie, &amp; dinuouo abba$$ando$i calca l'ac-</I>
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18539 <pb n="465">
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18540 <I>qua, &amp; la fa $alire per la $ua canna nel catino, &amp; iui trouando l'altr' acqua, &amp; non potendo quel-
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18541 la tornar a ba$$o, e$$endo le bocche dal quoio otturate, $ale, &amp; boglie mirabilmente, &amp; e$ce per
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diff changeset
18542 la tromba di $opra, &amp; $i fa andare doue l'h uom uuole: &amp; questa &egrave; la fabrica della machina ri-
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18543 trouata da Cte$ibio, alla cui $imiglianza fatte $ono le trombe, che $eccano, &amp; uotano le naui,
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18544 quando fanno acqua: bella, &amp; utile inuentione, $i come diletteuoli $on quelle, che dice Vitru. e$-
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diff changeset
18545 $er state per diletto da Cte$ibio ritrouate, doue $i fanno $altare, &amp; cantar gli uccelletti, &amp; con
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18546 l'appro<02>imar$i d'alcune co$e, $i fanno, che gli animali beuino, &amp; le $igure $i muouino come ne di-
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18547 mo$tra IIerone. Eenche quella parola Engibbata, ouero &egrave; $corretta, o uuole dir altro.</I>
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18548 <HEAD><I>Delle machine Hidraulice con le quali $i fanno gli
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18549 Organi. Cap. XIII.</I></HEAD>
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18550 <p>IO non la$cier&ograve; a dietro di toccare quanto piu breuemente potr&ograve;, &amp; con $crit
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18551 tura con$eguire a punto, cio che a$petta alla ragione delle machine Hidrauli
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18552 ce. Egli $i fa una ba$a di legno ben collegata, &amp; congiunta in$ieme, in quel
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diff changeset
18553 la $i pone un'arca di rame, $opra la ba$a dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla fini$tra $i drizza-
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18554 no alcune regole po$te in$ieme a modo di $cala, in que$te $i includeno alcuni moggetti di
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18555 rame con i loro cerchielli mobili fatti $ottilmente al torno, que$ti nel mezo hanno le lor
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18556 braccia di ferro conficcate, &amp; lor fu$aioli con i manichi, congiunte &amp; riuolte in pelli di la
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18557 na. Dipoi nel piano di $opra ci $ono i fori circa tre dita grandi uicino a quali, ne i lor fu-
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18558 $aioli po$ti $ono i Delfini di rame, che dalla bocca loro pendenti hanno dalle catene i cem
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18559 bali, che calano di $otto i fori de i moggetti nell'arca doue &egrave; ripo$ta l'acqua, iui &egrave; come
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18560 un tramoggio riuer$o, $otto il quale $ono certi ta$$elli alti cerca tre dita, i quali liuellano
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18561 lo $patio da ba$$o po$to, tra i labri inferiori del forno, &amp; il fondo dell'arca.
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18562 <p><I>Que$ta fabrica dimachina &egrave; difficile, &amp; o$cura, il che Vitr. afferma nel fine del pre$ente Ca-
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18563 po, benche egli dica hauerla chiaramente e$po$ta, &amp; nel principio del mede$imo capo ci promet-
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18564 ta di uoler ci&ograve; fare, &amp; toccar la co$a, quanto piu uicino $i puo: ma con $omma breuit&agrave;, &amp; io $timo
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18565 che egli cio fatto habbia, &amp; e$$eguito, auenga che altri dica, che que$ta forma di Vitr. $ia piu
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18566 presto per un modello, che per una e$qui$ita dimo$tratione, affermando che Nerone tanto $i di-
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parents:
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18567 lettaua di que$te machine Hidraulice, che conteneuano l'acqua, &amp; per piu canne mandando
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18568 fuori l'aere con l'acqua in$ieme faccuano un tremante $uono, che tra i pericoli della uita, &amp; del-
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18569 lo imperio, tra gli abbuttinamenti de i $oldati, &amp; de i capitani, nel $opra$tante, &amp; manife$to
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18570 pericolo, non la$ciaua il pen$iero, &amp; la cura di quelle: &amp; che poi e$$endo diuulgati i libri di Vi
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18571 truuio, Nerone non l'haue$$e co$i care, poi che con uulgata ragione fu$$ero fabricate. Et a
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18572 me pare, che $e bene minutamente Vitr. non ci e$pone tutte le co$e, che entrano nella detta ma-
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18573 china, come egli ancho non ha fatto nelle altre, pre$upponendole a$$ai manife$te, pure ci dia tan
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18574 to lume, che con la indu$tria, &amp; con la diligenza $i puo fare quello, che egli c'in$egna: perche
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18575 ancho $e uogliamo de$criuere la fattura de gli Organi no$tri, che u$iamo, cono$ceremo chiaramen
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18576 te, che non potremo co$i minutamente dimo$trare l'artificio loro, che non ci re$ti difficult&agrave; ap-
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parents:
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18577 pre$$o quelli, che di que$ti $imili $trumenti non fanno profe$$ione, &amp; non ne hanno pratica: tan-
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parents:
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18578 to piu ci deue parere $trano l'antichit&agrave;, s&igrave; per la propriet&agrave; de uocaboli, s&igrave; per la nouit&agrave; delle co$e,
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18579 che $ono di$u$ate; benche l'organo di Vitr. conuegna in molte co$e con l'organo, che u$iamo, per-
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parents:
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18580 che nell'uno, &amp; nell'altro, &egrave; una i$te$$a intentione di $onare mediante l'aere, di dar le uie allo $pi-
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18581 rito per certi canali, che entri nelle canne, che quelle $i otturino, &amp; aprino al piacer no$tro, che
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18582 s'accordino in proportione di mu$ica, che $iano diuer$e, &amp; facciano diuer$i $uoni, &amp; $imili co$e,
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18583 che di nece$$it&agrave; $ono in que$ti organi, &amp; in quelli, benche altrimenti $i facciano. Percioche io
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18584 non trouo, che gli antichi u$a$$ero i mantici, benche $i $erui$$ero di co$e, che faceuano lo i$te$$o</I>
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18585 <pb n="466">
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parents:
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18586 <I>effetto riceuendo l'aere, &amp; lo $pirito, &amp; $cacciandolo $econdo il bi$ogno, come nella machina di
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parents:
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18587 Cte$ibio dimo$trato hauemo. Herone $imilmente de$criue una machina Hidr aulica, la quale in-
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parents:
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18588 $ieme con altre co$e, &egrave; qua$i in mano d'ogni $tudio$o, &amp; noi per diletto po$to hauemo nella lingua
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18589 no$tra i libri di quello autore. Per e$ponere adunque quanto s'intende dalle parole di Vitr. &amp;
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parents:
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18590 quello, che con la indu$tria, &amp; lume dello ingenio$o Marcolino hauemo: Io dico, che per fare
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18591 la machina Hidraulica bi$ogna prima fare un ba$amento di legname, affine che $opra e$$o tutto
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18592 l'apparecchio dell'Organo $i fermi, &amp; $pecialmente un' arca, o ua$o di rame, nel quale $i ha da
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18593 por l'acqua, dapoi $opra la ba$a dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra dalle te$te $i drizzano alcune rego
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parents:
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18594 le contenute in$ieme da altre attrauer$ate a modo di $cala, &amp; $ono come un telaro della machina.
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parents:
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18595 in que$te regole $i $errano alcuni moggetti di Rame, come quelli della machina Cte$ibica $oprapo
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parents:
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18596 $ta. que$ti hanno i lor fondelli, o cerchielli mobili fatti a torno con diligenza, &amp; $ono come ma-
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parents:
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18597 $coli, che entrano ne i moggetti, anzi come que legni, che entrano ne i gonfietti delle palle da
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parents:
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18598 uento, &amp; $ono inue$titi di lana, o di feltro, &amp; di pezze come i gonfietti. que$ti moggetti $on drit
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parents:
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18599 t&igrave;, &amp; uengono ariferire nell'arca di rame, hanno di $opra i manichi, &amp; le catene, che calano in
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parents:
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18600 e$$i a modo delle trombe di naue. que$te catene e$ceno dalla bocca di alcuni Delfini co$i formati
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18601 per adornamento, &amp; $ono co$i chiamati dal mouimento loro, che $i ra$$omiglia allo effetto, che
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parents:
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18602 fanno i Delfini nel $uo apparire fuori &amp; rituffar$i nell'acqua; &amp; &egrave; uero, &amp; co$i come noi chia-
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18603 miamo gallo quello $trumento, che $i uolge in una canna, &amp; apre la uia all'acqua, che e$ce di
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18604 qualche ua$o, co$i quel delfino cra uno strumento, dalla bocca del quale pendeuano le catene, le
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parents:
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18605 quali catene erano attaccate ad una $tanga, la qual era bilicata, &amp; $taua in uccello, come dice-
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parents:
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18606 mo noi, nel mezo $opra una regola dritta. Nell'arca di rame era come un tramoggio riuer$o
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18607 alzato dal fondo dell'arca tre dita con certi ta$$elli, &amp; que$to $i faceua per tenir il tramoggio
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parents:
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18608 alzato dal fondo dell'arca, accioche l'acqua ui pote$$e entrare di $otto uia. que$to tramogio non
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18609 baueua fondo, &amp; l'acqua, che er a nell'arca, era po$ta per premer l'aere, che entraua per alcu
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18610 ne canne nel tramogio, $i come nelle piue pa$torali $i preme il quoio, che ritiene il fiato, &amp; co$i
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diff changeset
18611 que$t' acqua oppre$$a dallo aere lo $cacciaua con forza all'in$u per una tromba, che era in capo
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diff changeset
18612 del tramoggio, la qual tromba portaua lo fiato, &amp; lo $pirito in una ca$$etta, della quale Vitru.
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diff changeset
18613 parla in que$to modo.</I>
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diff changeset
18614 <p>Sopra la te$ta gli &egrave; una ca$$etta ben $errata, &amp; congiunta che $o$tenta il capo della ma-
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diff changeset
18615 china detta il Canone mu$icale, nella cui lunghezza $i fanno quattro canali $e lo $trumen
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diff changeset
18616 to e$$er deue di quattro corde, $ei $e di $ei, otto, $e di otto. in cia$cun canale po$ti $ono i
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diff changeset
18617 $uoi bocchini rinchiu$i con manichi di ferro. que$ti manichi quando $i torceno, o dan
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parents:
diff changeset
18618 uolta, apreno le nari dall'arca ne i canali, &amp; da i canali il canone per trauer$o ha di$po$ti
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parents:
diff changeset
18619 i $uoi fori, o buchi, che ri$pondeno, &amp; s'incontrano nelle nari, che $ono nella tauola di
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parents:
diff changeset
18620 $opra, la qual tauola in Greco Pinax, da noi $ommiero &egrave; detta. Tra la tauola, &amp; il regi-
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parents:
diff changeset
18621 $tro trapo$te $ono alcune regole forate allo i$te$$o modo, &amp; unte di oglio, accioche facil-
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parents:
diff changeset
18622 mente $i $pignino, &amp; di nuouo $iano tirate dentro. l'effetto di que$ti &egrave; otturare i buchi,
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parents:
diff changeset
18623 &amp; perche $ono da i lati, per&ograve; da Greci pleuritide $ono detti. di que$te lo andare, &amp; il ritor
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parents:
diff changeset
18624 no ottura altri di que fori, &amp; altri apre. Similmente que$te regole hanno attaccati, &amp; fit
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parents:
diff changeset
18625 ti i loro cerchielli di ferro congiunti con le pinne ( che ta$ti chiamamo, ) le quali quando
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parents:
diff changeset
18626 toccati $ono muoueno le regole. Sopra la tauola contenuti $ono i buchi, per li quali da i
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parents:
diff changeset
18627 canali e$ce il fiato, &amp; lo $pirito. Alle regole incollati $ono gli anelli, ne i quali rinchiu$e
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parents:
diff changeset
18628 $ono le lenguelle di tutti gli organi.
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parents:
diff changeset
18629 <p><I>Bello Artificio &egrave; que$to, &amp; degno di con$ider atione. $opra la canna del tramoggio nella te-
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parents:
diff changeset
18630 $ta &egrave; congiunta una ca$$etta di legno, que$ta riceue il fiato, che uiene dalla tromba, o canna del tra-
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parents:
diff changeset
18631 moggio, &amp; lo ri$erua per mandarlo in alcuni canali fatti $opra una regola larga al numero de i re
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parents:
diff changeset
18632 gistri. Que$ti canali, che $ono per la lunghezza del canone, hanno per trauer$o alcuni fori,
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parents:
diff changeset
18633 $opra il componimento di que$ta regola con i canali &amp; fori $uoi ui &egrave; una tauola, che copre ogni co-</I>
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diff changeset
18634 <pb n="467">
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parents:
diff changeset
18635 <I>$a &amp; $erra (dir&ograve; <*>o$i) per tutto, &amp; copre il canone; que$ta &egrave; detta il $o<*>ero, &amp; ba tanti
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parents:
diff changeset
18636 fori nella $operficie $ua di $opra, quanti $ono i fori fatti ne i canali, &amp; $i $contrano beni$$imo; que
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parents:
diff changeset
18637 $ti fori $ono fatti $econdo il numero delle canne, che $uonano, le quali canne $tanno dritte ne i buchi
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parents:
diff changeset
18638 del $ommiero; hau&emacr;do noi adunque i canali $orati, &amp; la tauola forata c&omacr; ri$pond&emacr;ti fori: Interpone
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parents:
diff changeset
18639 mo alcune regole tra la tauola, &amp; i canali, le quali pa$$ano da un lato all'altro, &amp; $ono $imilmente
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parents:
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18640 forate con fori ri$pondenti alli fori del canale, &amp; del $ommiero; ma $ono fatte in modo, che calc&atilde;do i
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parents:
diff changeset
18641 loro man chi, che uenghino in fuori $i po$$ino riuolgere, &amp; col $uo uolgim&emacr;to facciano rincontrare
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parents:
diff changeset
18642 i loro buchi c&omacr; i buchi de i canali, &amp; del $ommiero, accioche il fiato po$$a u$cir alle c&atilde;ne dell'orga
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18643 no. i manichi uer am&emacr;te $ono come catenazzi in forma di tre membri. H&atilde;no que$ti manichi attacca
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parents:
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18644 ti alcune anella, nelle quali $i $errano le lenguelle di tutti i detti strum&emacr;ti, cio&egrave; di tutti i ta$ti; queste
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18645 lenguelle erano come pendole, o di duro corno, o di lamette, &amp; erano per ordine lungo lo strumen-
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parents:
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18646 to di$poste, &amp; collocate obliquamente, fatte in forma di foglia di porro, i Greci le chiamano Spa
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18647 telle, Vitr. dalla forma loro le chiama lenguelle. A i capi loro erano attaccate alcune funi pic-
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parents:
diff changeset
18648 ciole, o catenelle, le quali $i legauano a i manichi delle regole, le quali e$$endo toccate &amp; depre$
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parents:
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18649 s&egrave; tirauano per le funi i capi delle lenguelle, &amp; contra la piega loro le uolgeuano, che poi la$ciati
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parents:
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18650 i manichi ritornauano al $uo luogo, &amp; uolgendo le regole faceuano, che i lor buchi uon $i incon-
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parents:
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18651 trauano piu con i buchi del canale, &amp; del $ommiero, $i come toccando$i, que manichi le regole $i
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parents:
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18652 uolgeuano, &amp; riportauano i buchi all'incontro uno dell'altro, &amp; quelle regole al modo, che $i
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parents:
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18653 u$a $i chiamano ta$ti.</I>
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18654 <p>Ma a i moggetti $ono le canne continuamente congiunte con i capi di legno, che per-
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parents:
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18655 uengono alle nari, che $on nella ca$$etta, nelle quali $ono le animelle tornite, &amp; iui po$te
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parents:
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18656 affine, che riceuendo la ca$$etta il fiato, otturando i fori non lo la$cino piu tornare: co$i
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parents:
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18657 quando $i alzano le $tanghe, i manichi tirano a ba$$o i fondi de i moggetti, &amp; i delfini, che
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parents:
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18658 $ono ne i fu$aioli calando nella boccai cembali riempieno gli $patij de i moggetti, &amp; i ma
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parents:
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18659 nichi alzando i fondi dentro i moggetti per la gran forza, &amp; per lo $pe$$o battere, otturan
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parents:
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18660 do i fori, che $ono $opra i cembali, fanno andar per forza lo aere, che iui &egrave; per lo calcare
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parents:
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18661 co$tretto, nelle canne, per le quali egli ua ne i capi di legno, &amp; per le $ue ceruici nell'ar-
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parents:
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18662 ca, ma per lo forte mouimento delle $tanghe il fiato $pe$$o compre$$o entra per le apertu-
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parents:
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18663 re de i bocchini, &amp; empie i canali di uento. Di qui na$ce, che quando i ta$ti toccati con
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parents:
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18664 le mani $cacciano, &amp; ritirano continuamente le regole otturando i fori di una, &amp; apren-
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parents:
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18665 do a uicenda i fori dell'altra, fanno u$cire i $uoni $econdo le regole mu$icali con molte ua-
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parents:
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18666 riet&agrave; di moduli, &amp; d'harmonie. Io mi ho forzato quanto ho potuto, che una co$a o$cu-
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parents:
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18667 ra chiaramente $ia $critta. Ma que$ta non &egrave; ragion facile, n&egrave; e$pedita da e$$er capita $e non
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parents:
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18668 da quelli, che in tali co$e $ono e$$ercitati. Ma $e alcuno per gli $critti hauer&agrave; poco inte-
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parents:
diff changeset
18669 $o, quando cono$ceranno la co$a come ella $ta ueramente, ritroueranno il tutto e$$er $ta-
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parents:
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18670 to $ottilmente, &amp; curio$amente ordinato.
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parents:
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18671 <p><I>I moggetti hanno le lor canne congiunte dalle bande, le quali canne $i riferi$ceno nel tramog
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parents:
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18672 gio, perche in e$$o portano il fiato: hanno que$ti moggetti le lor animelle prima nel fondo po$te di
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parents:
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18673 dentro uia, per le quali $i tira lo aere, come per buchi de i mantici, dapoi dal piede doue $ono at-
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parents:
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18674 taccate le canne nella bocca loro hanno ancho le altre animelle, che s'apreno, accioche quando
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parents:
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18675 l'aere &egrave; tirato ne imoggetti, &amp; poi calcato con i fondelli le animelle del fondo $i chiudino, &amp;
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parents:
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18676 quelle delle canne $i aprino, &amp; lo aere entri nelle fi$tule, che uanno al tramoggio, le quali deo-
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parents:
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18677 no e$$er con i capi loro $tagnate nel tramoggio, come $i &egrave; detto della machma di Cte$ibio. Al-
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parents:
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18678 zando adunque le $tanghe, che hanno le catene, che $o$tentano i cembali entranti ne i moggetti,
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parents:
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18679 $i a$$orbe l'aere per le animelle di $otto<*>, &amp; calcando poi l'aere &egrave; $pinto per le canne nel tramog-
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parents:
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18680 gio, &amp; a$cende per la canna del tramoggio alla ca$$etta, &amp; ui entra dentro. apron$i i bocchi-
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parents:
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18681 ni, che Epi$temi $ono detti da Vitr. dalla ca$$etta a i canali, ne i quali entra lo aere, ma non pri-
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parents:
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18682 ma egli ua a far $uonare le canne, che non $i tocchi con le dita i ta$ti, cio&egrave; i manichi delle regole,</I>
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parents:
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18683 <foot><I>PPP</I></foot>
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parents:
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18684 <pb n="468">
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parents:
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18685 <I>perche bi$ogna col toccar di que manichi uolger le regole, che entrano tra il canone, &amp; il $om-
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parents:
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18686 miero, accioche tutti i buchi s'incontrino, &amp; $ia libera pa$$ata dello aere alle canne. Io dir&ograve; che
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18687 Vitr. non ha la$ciato co$a pertinente a que$ta de$crittione $aluo che la de$crittione delle lenguelle'
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diff changeset
18688 ma era co$a nota come erano, &amp; come $i faceuano, per&ograve; egli la pre$uppone, &amp; dicendo lenguel
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18689 la parla di una co$a allhora cono$ciuta. l'acqua $caccia lo aere, &amp; fa quello effetto, che fa il
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18690 piombo $opra i mantici de gli organi no$tri.</I>
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18691 <HEAD><I>Con che ragione $i mi$ur a il uiaggio fatto, o in
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diff changeset
18692 carretta, o in naue. Cap. XIIII.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
18693 <p>Traportiamo hora il pen$ier no$tro di $criuere ad una non inutile ragione, ma
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18694 con grande ptontezza dataci da no$tri maggiori, con che uia quelli, che $ic-
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diff changeset
18695 deno in carretta, o nauigando $aper po$sino quanti miglia di camino habbia-
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diff changeset
18696 no fatto. Et que$to $i fa co$i. Sieno le ruote della carretta larghe lungo il
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diff changeset
18697 diametro quattro piedi, &amp; due dita. Et que$to $i fa accioche hauendo la ruota in $e un
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diff changeset
18698 certo, &amp; determinato luogo, &amp; da quello cominci andando inanzia girar$i, &amp; peruenen-
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parents:
diff changeset
18699 do a quel $egno certo &amp; determinato, doue ella cominci&ograve; girar$i, habbia finito ancho un
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18700 certo, &amp; determinato $patio di piedi dodici, &amp; mezo. Poi che que$te co$e co$i apparec-
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diff changeset
18701 chiate $aranno allhora nel moggetto della ruota alla parte di dentro $ia fermamente rin-
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18702 chiu$o un Timpano, il quale fuori della fronte della $ua ritondezza porgi un eminente
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diff changeset
18703 dentello. Dapoi dal di$opra del ca$$ero della carretta confitta $ia una ca$$a, che habbia un
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parents:
diff changeset
18704 timpano, che $i muoua po$to in coltello, &amp; $ia nel $uo pernuzzo rinchiu$o. Nella fronte
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diff changeset
18705 del detto Timpano $iano i denti egualmente compartiti di numero di quattrocento, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
18706 conuenghino que$ti incontrando$i nel dentello del Timpano inferiore. Dapoi al Timpa
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parents:
diff changeset
18707 no di $opra da un lato confitto $ia un'altro dentello, che uenghi fuori oltra gli altri denti.
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18708 Egli $i fa ancho il terzo Timpano dentato con la i$te$$a ragione, &amp; &egrave; po$to piano in un'al-
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parents:
diff changeset
18709 tra ca$$a, che habbia i denti, che ri$pondino a quel dentello, il quale &egrave; confitto nel lato
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parents:
diff changeset
18710 del $econdo Timpano, dapoi nel Timpano, che &egrave; po$to in piano faccian$i buchi per poco
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parents:
diff changeset
18711 piu, o poco meno delle miglia di quello, che per lo uiaggio d'un giorno $i puo pa$$are,
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parents:
diff changeset
18712 perche non ci dar&agrave; impedimento. In cia$cuno di que$ti buchi po$ti $iano alcuni $a$$olini
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diff changeset
18713 ritondi, &amp; nella ca$$a di quel Timpano faccia$i un foro, che habbia un canale, per lo qua-
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parents:
diff changeset
18714 le que $a$$olini cader po$sino nel ca$$ero della carretta, que $a$$olini dico, che $aranno po-
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parents:
diff changeset
18715 $ti in quel Tlmpano, quando uenuti $aranno dritto $opra quel luogo, cader&agrave; cia$cuno
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diff changeset
18716 in un ua$o di rame, $ottopo$to, &amp; co$i, quando $ia che la ruota andando inanzi muoua
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parents:
diff changeset
18717 in$ieme il Timpano di $otto, &amp; il $uo dentello in ogni giro con$tringa pa$$are i dentelli
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parents:
diff changeset
18718 del Timpano di $opra, ella far&agrave;, che e$$endo uoltato il Timpano di $otto quattrocento
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parents:
diff changeset
18719 fiate, quel di $opra $ar&agrave; uoltato una $ola; &amp; il dentello, che gli &egrave; dallato confitto, far&agrave; an
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parents:
diff changeset
18720 dare inanzi un dentello del Timpano, che $ta nel piano. Quando adunque per quattro-
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parents:
diff changeset
18721 cento giri del Timpano inferiori, $i uolter&agrave; una fiata quel di $opra, lo andare inanzi $ar&agrave; di
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parents:
diff changeset
18722 cinquemila piedi, &amp; di mille pa$si, &amp; da quello quante palle cadute $aranno $onando, tan
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parents:
diff changeset
18723 ti miglia ci daranno ad intendere, che haueremo fatti. Ma il numero delle palle dal ba$$o
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parents:
diff changeset
18724 raccolto ci dimo$trer&agrave; la $omma de i miglia fatti dal uiaggio d'un giorno.
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parents:
diff changeset
18725 <p><I>A$$ai facile &egrave; la $opra$critta dimo$tratione, pure che con ragione Arithmetica inte$a $ia, pe-
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parents:
diff changeset
18726 r&ograve; per maggiore dichiaratione $i dir&agrave;, che que$to artificio di mi$urare il uiaggio andando in car-
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parents:
diff changeset
18727 retta con$i$te nella grandezza delle ruote, la qual grandezza e$$er deue certa di mi$ura cono$ciu-
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parents:
diff changeset
18728 ta. Quando adunque $ia, che dal diametro $i cono$ca la circonferenza del circolo, egli &egrave; nece$-
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parents:
diff changeset
18729 $ario far le ruote d'un diametro certo, &amp; mi$urato, per&ograve; Vitr. fa i diametri delle ruote di quat-</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
18730 <pb n="469">
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parents:
diff changeset
18731 <I>tro piedi, &amp; due dita, di dodeci che uanno a far un piede, per&ograve; $ono la $e$ta d'un piede, accioche
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parents:
diff changeset
18732 la circonferenza della ruota $ia manife$ta, &amp; intende per que$to, che la circonferenza uolga do-
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parents:
diff changeset
18733 dici piedi &amp; mezo, entrando il diametro tre fiate nella circonferenza del circolo. e$$endo adun-
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parents:
diff changeset
18734 que la ruota di dodici piedi &amp; mezo di circonferenza, &amp; po$to un $egno in e$$a doue ella tocca la
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parents:
diff changeset
18735 terra, &amp; facendola girare $opra la terra, fin che il mede$imo $egno ritornial luogo di prima, ha-
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parents:
diff changeset
18736 uer&agrave; $cor$o lo $patio di dodici piedi &amp; mezo. Se adunque ogni compito giro di ruota, mi da dodi-
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parents:
diff changeset
18737 ci piedi, &amp; mezo di terreno, uolgendo$i la ruota quattrocento fiate, mi dar&agrave; cinque mila piedi;
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parents:
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18738 & $e uanno viuticinque piedi per pa$$o, mi dar&agrave; mille pa$$i, &amp; mille pa$$i mi danno un miglio.
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parents:
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18739 Ma accioche $i cono$ca quante fiate la ruota $i uolga, non $olamente con gli occhi, ma con l'orec
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parents:
diff changeset
18740 chie, Vitruuio ce lo in$egna facilmente, come $i uede nel te$to, &amp; la figura piu chiaramente
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parents:
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18741 lo dimo$tra.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
18742 <p>Similmente nel nauigare mutando alcune co$e $i fanno que$ti artificij, perche $i fa pa$-
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parents:
diff changeset
18743 $are per li lati delle bande della naue un perno, il qual con le $ue te$te e$ce per le parti e$te-
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parents:
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18744 riori della naue, nelle quali s'impongono le ruote di quattro piedi, &amp; un $e$to di diametro.
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parents:
diff changeset
18745 que$te ruote nelle fronti loro hanno le lor pinne, che toccano l'acqua, nella met&agrave; del per
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parents:
diff changeset
18746 no: Dentro della naue al mezo c'&egrave; un Timpano, con undentello, che e$ce dalla $ua cir-
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parents:
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18747 conferenza, iui appre$$o euui una ca$$a col$uo Timpano dentato di quattrocento dentelli
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parents:
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18748 egualmente di$tanti, &amp; conuenienti al dentello di quel Timpano, che &egrave; po$to nel perno;
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parents:
diff changeset
18749 ha di piu un dentello nel $uo lato, che $porta in fuori oltra la ritondit&agrave; $ua, &amp; c'&egrave; un'altro
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parents:
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18750 Timpano piano, confitto in un'altra ca$$a dentato allo i$te$$o modo: co$i il dentello con-
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parents:
diff changeset
18751 fitto al lato di quel Timpano, che $ta in coltello urtando in que dentelli di quel timpano,
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parents:
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18752 che $ta in piano, per ogni uolta che egli da a torno, facendo andar uno di que dentelli uol
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parents:
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18753 ge il Timpano, che &egrave; po$to in piano, nel quale $ono i fori, doue $i ripongono i $a$$olin
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parents:
diff changeset
18754 ritondi: &amp; nella ca$$a del detto Timpano $i caua un foro, che ha un canale, per lo quale il
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18755 $a$$olino liberato dall'o$taculo, cadendo in un ua$o di rame, ne far&agrave; $egno col $uono, &amp;
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parents:
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18756 co$i la naue $pinta, o da remi, o da uento toccando le pinne delle ruote l'acqua contraria
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18757 forzate da grandi $pinte a drieto uolteranno le ruote, le quali uolgendo$i danno di uolta
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parents:
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18758 al perno, il perno uolger&agrave; il Timpano, del quale e$$endo il dentello raggirato, per ogni
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parents:
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18759 giro, che egli dia a torno urtando in un dentello del Timpano $econdo lo far&agrave; fare mode
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parents:
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18760 rati giri, &amp; co$i poi che le ruote uoltate $aranno dalle pinne quattrocento fiate, faranno
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parents:
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18761 dar'una uolta $ola al Timpano po$to in plano per lo incontro del dentello po$to nel lato
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parents:
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18762 di quel Timpano, che &egrave; in coltello. Il giro adunque del Timpano piano quante fiate ue
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parents:
diff changeset
18763 nir&agrave; per mezo il foro mander&agrave; fuori i $a$$o lini per lo canale, &amp; co$i &amp; col $uono, &amp; col nu
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parents:
diff changeset
18764 mero dimo$trer&agrave; gli $patij delle miglia della nauigatione.
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18765 <p><I>Que$to artificio &egrave; $imile a quello della carretta, ma io uedo, che puo e$$er impedito il gir ar del-
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18766 le ruote, o per l'acqua, o per altri accidenti, per&ograve; io la$cio che la pruoua $ia quella, che lo con-
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18767 fermi. La figura ci dimo$trer&agrave; quanto &egrave; $critto, &amp; dell'organo, &amp; della mi$ura del uiaggio, per
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18768 che que$te $ono co$e, che la $crittura non puo a pieno dimo$trare, per&ograve; bi$ogna che la pittura le
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18769 ponga dinanzi a gli occhi, &amp; molto piu puo un buon ingegno capire di quello, che dimo$tra la pit
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18770 tura, &amp; $e al buon ingegno fu$$e aggiunta la pratica di fare altre $imili machinationi, non ha dub
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18771 bio, che la $crittura $ola gli ba$terebbe, ma inuero bi$ogna na$cerci, &amp; hauere inclinatione na-
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18772 turale, &amp; diletto di operare. Et qui fa fine Vitr. di trattare di quelle co$e, che appartengono
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18773 all'utile, &amp; al diletto de gli huomini al tempo, che $ono $enza $o$petto, &amp; in pace. alle quali co
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18774 $e io potrei a pompa molte co$e aggiugnere di quelle, che mette Herone, ma egli mi pare, che $i-
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18775 mili artificij deono e$$er tenuti in reputatione, perche da molti, che non intendeno $ono tenuti ui-
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18776 li, &amp; hauuti in poco pregio. Ma non $anno di quanto grande utilit&agrave; puo e$$er il $aperne render
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18777 conto, &amp; quante co$e, che non $ono po$te da gli autori, $i po$$ono ritrouare a beneficio del mor-
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18778 do per gli $critti di quelli, e$$endo (come io ho detto nel primo libro) gran uirt&ugrave;, &amp; gran forza</I>
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18779 <foot><I>PPP</I> 2</foot>
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18780 <pb n="470">
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18781 <I>po$ta ne i principij, come ancho chiaramente $i ha potuto comprendere dal di$cor$o fatto di $opra
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18782 nel pre$ente libro circa le machine, come in tutte la ragione del mouimento dritto &egrave; cirolare, &amp;
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18783 come la merauiglio $a natura del circolo $eruando in $e molte contrariet&agrave;, ci d&agrave; cau$a di fare quel
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18784 le marauiglio$e opere, che fanno con$entire la natura repugnante delle co$e alle uoglie de gli buo
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18785 mini: per il che io non potrei a ba$tanza fare a<*>uertiti gli Architetti, &amp; quelli, che uogliono
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18786 fare molte belle, &amp; utili machinationi a commodo delle genti, che debbiano continuamente pen-
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18787 $are, &amp; ripen$are &amp; machinare (dir&ograve; co$i) $opra i principij po$ti da Vitr. &amp; da noi, &amp; molto
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18788 prima da Ari$totile nelle $ue mecaniche, le quali pare che $iano $tate leuate di pe$o, &amp; traporta
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18789 te da Vitr. in un $olo capitolo, benche con $omma breuit&agrave;, $econdo il co$tume di que$to autore,
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18790 come ancho s' &egrave; ueduto nel nono libro, nel di$cor$o de i mouimenti de i Cieli', &amp; del trattamento
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18791 de gli horologi, &amp; poco di $opra nella de$crittione della machina Hidraulica. nel che $i uede il
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18792 $uo mirabile giudicio (come io ho detto piu uolte) nella $cielta delle co$e, perche le minute, le or
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18793 dinarie, le u$itate &amp; facili $ono $tate la$ciate; le belle, le importanti, le difficili, &amp; le $cielte $o-
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18794 no $tate elette, &amp; propo$te, &amp; e$poste alla intelligenza delle genti. Ma tempo &egrave; che $eguitamo
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18795 l'in$tituto no$tro, &amp; e$$eguiamo l'ultima parte, che ci re$ta a fornire tutto il corpo della Archi-
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18796 tettura, che &egrave; quella parte, delle machine, che ci $erue all'u$o della guerra.</I>
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18797 <fig>
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18798 <p><I>A. Aqua in arca &aelig;rea depre$$a. B. Delfini &aelig;rei. C. Modioli &aelig;rei. i Moggetti di Rame.
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18799 D. Le Regole in forma di $cala. E. Taxilli, ta$$elli di tre dita alti. F. Cathen&aelig; Cymbala te-
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18800 nentes. G. Infundibulum inuer$um. Tramoggio detto Phigeus. H. Fi$tul&aelig;, le Canne pe<*></I>
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18801 <pb n="471">
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18802 <fig>
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18803 <pb n="472">
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18804 <I>le quali, lo aere delli Moggetti entra nel Tramoggio. I. Veltes, Stanghe. K. Manubria,
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18805 Manichi, che ogni uolta che $i preme li Ta$ti $i uoltano, &amp; apreno le Nari, che mandano il uen-
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18806 to alle canne de l'Organo, che $uonano. L. Pinn&aelig; $ub quibus $ub lingul&aelig; omnium organorum. i.
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18807 i ta$ti e lenguelle. O. Le Regole tra'l Sommiero detto Pinax, &amp; i regi$tri. P. Pinna depre$-
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18808 $a, un ta$to calcato. Q. Tabula, il Sommiero. R. La Figura de i ta$ti $eparata perche me-
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18809 glio s'intenda. S. Lingul&aelig;, lenguelle. T. Ceruicula, il collo, o la canna. V. L'acqua
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18810 cacciata in $u tra L'arca il Tramoggio dal uento delli Moggetti. X. Pars arc&aelig;, parti dell' arca.
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diff changeset
18811 Quelli punti nella forma de i Tasti $eparate, $ono fori del Sommier, che danno il uento alle canne.</I>
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18812 <HEAD><I>Delle ragioni delle Catapulte, &amp; de gli $corpio-
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18813 ni. Cap. XV.</I></HEAD>
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18814 <p>Horaio e$poner&ograve; con che mi$ure apparecchiar $i po$sino quelle co$e, che $tate
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18815 $ono ritrouate a i pre$idi della guerra, &amp; alla nece$sit&agrave; della con$eruatione,
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18816 &amp; $alute de mortali, che $ono le ragioni de gli $corpioni, Catapulte, &amp; Ba-
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18817 li$te, &amp; prima dir&ograve; delle Catapulte, &amp; de gli Scorpioni. Dalla propo$ta
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18818 lunghezza della $aetta, che in que$ti $trumenti $i tira, tutta la loro proportione $i ragio-
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18819 na: &amp; prima la grandezza de i fori, che $ono ne i loro capitelli, &egrave; per la nona parte di e$$a,
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18820 &amp; que$ti fori $ono quelli, per li quali $i $tendeno i nerui torti, i quali deono legare le brac-
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18821 cia delle Catapulte. Ma i capitelli di que fori e$$er deono della $otto$critta altezza, &amp; lar-
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parents:
diff changeset
18822 ghezza, le tauole che $ono di $opra, &amp; di $otto dal capitello, che Paralelle dette $ono
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18823 tanto $ono gro$$e, quanto &egrave; uno di que fori, larghe per uno &amp; noue parti, ma ne gli e$tre-
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18824 mi per un foro &amp; mezo. Ma le erte dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra, quelle, che Para$tate $i
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18825 chiamano, oltra i cardini alte $ono quattro fori, gro$$e cinque, i cardini per mezo foro, &amp;
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18826 un quarto, dal foro all'erta di mezo $imilmente $ia lo $pacio di mezo foro, &amp; un quarto, la
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18827 larghezza dell'erta di mezo per un foro e&mdash;la gro$$ezza d'un foro, &amp; lo $pacio doue $i po-
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parents:
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18828 ne la $aetta nel mezo dell'erta per la quarta parte d'un foro. Ma le cantonate, che $ono a
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18829 torno de i lati, &amp; nelle fronti, conficcate e$$er deono con lame di ferro, o pironi di rame,
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18830 o chiodi, la lunghezza del canale, che in Greco &egrave; detta Strix, e$$er deue di fori diecenoue,
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18831 la lunghezza de i regoli, che alcuni buccule appellano, che $i con$iccano dalla de$tra, &amp;
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18832 dalla $ini$tra del canale e$$er deue di fori diciotto, &amp; l'altezza d'un foro, &amp; co$i la gro$$ezza,
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18833 &amp; $i affiggeno due regole, nellequali entra un molinello, ilquale &egrave; lungo tre fori, largo
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18834 mezo, &amp; la gro$$ezza della bocchetta, che $i affige, $i chiama Camillum, o $econdo alcuni
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parents:
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18835 Locullamento con i cardini $otto$quadra, &amp; d'un foro, l'altezza $ua di mezo foro, la lun-
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18836 gheza del molinello &egrave; di noue fori, la gro$$ezza della Scutula di noue fori. Et la lunghez-
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18837 za di quella parte che &egrave; detta, Epitoxis, &egrave; di mezo foro &amp; d'un ottauo della met&agrave;, la gro$-
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18838 $ezza d'un'ottauo. Similmente l'orecchia, o il manochio, &egrave; lungo tre fori, largo &amp; gro$-
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18839 $o mezo foro, &amp; un quarto, la lunghezzi del fondo del canale &egrave; di $edici fori, la gro$$ez-
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parents:
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18840 za di noue parti, &amp; la larghezza della met&agrave;, &amp; d'un quarto, la colonnella, &amp; la ba$a nel pia-
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18841 no di otto fori, la larghezza del zocco doue $i pone la colonnella, &egrave; di mezo foro, &amp; d'un
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18842 ottauo della met&agrave;, la gro$$ezza &egrave; della duodecima, &amp; della ottaua parte d'un foro, la lun-
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18843 ghezza della colonnella al cardine &egrave; di dodici fori, &amp; noue parti, la larghezza di mezo fo-
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diff changeset
18844 ro, &amp; d'un quarto della met&agrave;, la gro$$ezza &egrave; d'un terzo, &amp; d'un quarto d'un foro. Di quel-
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18845 la $ono tre capreoli, o chiauette, la lunghezza de' quali &egrave; per noue fori, la larghezza per
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diff changeset
18846 mezo, &amp; noue parti, la gro$$ezza per un'ottauo, la lunghezza del cardine di noue parti d'un
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diff changeset
18847 foro, la lunghezza del capo della colonna d'un foro &amp; mezo &amp;.&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;
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diff changeset
18848 &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;la gro$$ezza d'un foro, la colonna minore di dietro, che da Greci &egrave; detta
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diff changeset
18849 <pb n="473">
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diff changeset
18850 Antiba$i &egrave; di fori otto, la larghezza di.&mdash;&mdash;la gro$$ezza di.&mdash;la $ottopo$ta de forl
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diff changeset
18851 dodici, &amp; $ia della i$te$la gro$lezza, &amp; larghezza. $opra la minor colonna c' &egrave; una orrec-
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parents:
diff changeset
18852 chia, o letto che $i dica, o $cagnello, di fori&mdash;&mdash;l'altezza di fori&mdash;&mdash;la larghezza di fo-
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parents:
diff changeset
18853 ri, i&mdash;&mdash;de i na$pi $ono di fori, la gro$$ezza d'un foro. &mdash; -la larghezza di&mdash;&mdash;&amp; la
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diff changeset
18854 gro$$ezza di&mdash;&mdash;ma alli trauer$i con i cardini, $i da la lunghezza di fori dieci, la larghez
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diff changeset
18855 za di quindeci <15> <14> &amp; la gro$$ezza di dieci&mdash;la lunghezza del braccio di fori&mdash;&mdash;la
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parents:
diff changeset
18856 gro$$ezza delle radice&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;Que$te co$e con
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parents:
diff changeset
18857 tali proportioni, o aggiugnendo, o $cemando $i fanno, perche $e i capitelli, che Anatoni
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diff changeset
18858 $i dicono, $aranno piu alti della larghezza, allhora $i deue leuare delle braccia, accioche
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diff changeset
18859 quanto piu rime$$o $ar&agrave; il tuono per l'altezza del capitello, la cortezza del braccio faccia
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18860 il colpo maggiore, $e'l capitello $ar&agrave; men alto, che Catato<*>o $i dice, perche &egrave; piu forte,
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parents:
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18861 deono le braccia e$$er piu lunghe, accioche piu facilmente $i reggano. imperoche $i co-
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18862 me la leua, quando &egrave; lunga quattro piedi, quello che $i alza da cinque huomini, fatta poi
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18863 di otto piedi, da due $olamente $i leua: co$i le braccia quanto piu lunghe $ono tanto piu
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18864 molli, &amp; quanto piu corte, tanto piu duramente $i maneggiano.
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18865 <p><I>Qui bi$ogno &egrave; bene che Iddio ci aiuti, percioche n&egrave; la $crittura di Vitr. n&egrave; di$egno d'alcuno, n&egrave;
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18866 forma antica $i troua di queste machine; io dico al inodo da Vitr. de$eritto; &amp; lo ing egnar$i &egrave;
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diff changeset
18867 pericolo$o, imperoche molto bene di$correndo $i potrebbe fare alcuno di quelli $trumenti, per ti-
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18868 rar $a<02>i, o $aette, ma che fu$$ero a punto come Vitru. ci de$criue, $arebbe co$a grande, oltra che
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18869 le ragioni de i mede$imi $trumenti col tempo dopo Vitr. $i $ono mutati, perche la proua, &amp; l'u$o
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18870 nelle co$e della guerra, come in molte altre fa mutar le forme de gli $trumenti, &amp; a nostri giorni
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18871 quelle machine $ono del tutto po$te in di$u$o, per&ograve; io credo che io $ar&ograve; degno di e$cu$atione, $e io
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parents:
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18872 non entrer&ograve; in fanta$ia di e$poner quelle co$e, che per la difficult&agrave; loro, anzi per la impo<02>ibilit&agrave;
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diff changeset
18873 $ono tali, che hanno fatto leuare da que$ta impre$a huomini di piu alto ingegno, &amp; di maggiore
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18874 e$perienza che non hoio. Dir&ograve; bene che dal fine cio&egrave; dallo effetto, che $i uuol fare, $i puo troua-
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18875 re ogni $trumento, come nella pre$ente occa$ione. Bali$ta, Catapulte, &amp; Scorpione $ono $iru-
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parents:
diff changeset
18876 menti datirar pietre grandi, &amp; $aette: certo &egrave; che dalla intentione, &amp; dal fine potemo prepa-
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parents:
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18877 rare $imili strumenti, con$iderando, che per far colpo gagliardo &amp; lontano, &amp; per tirar gran
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18878 pe$o, ci bi$ogna grandi for ze, &amp; tali for ze, che $ian dall'arte ordinate, percioche nel muouere i
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18879 gran pe$i la natura &egrave; contraria a gli huomini, come detto bauemo. all' arte dunque appartiene or-
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18880 dinare tali $trumenti, che tirati a forza, &amp; rila$ciati con uiolenza mandino i pe$i lontani, &amp; ci&ograve;
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18881 non $i puo fare $enza chiaui, carcature, o leue, lequali habbiano doue appuntar$i, &amp; fatte $ieno
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18882 con proportione ri$pondente al pe$o, che $i deue trarre, &amp; per&ograve; dalla natura del pe$o $i d&agrave; la pro-
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18883 portione della grandezza a tutte le parti dello in$trumento: adunque il modulo, che nelle fabri-
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parents:
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18884 che $i piglia $ar&agrave; con$iderato ancho nella parte delle machine, &amp; pero la $immetria, &amp; l'ordine
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18885 $i richiede ancho in que$ta parte, &amp; $imilmente la di$po$itione, il decoro, &amp; la bellezza dello
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18886 a$petto, &amp; l'altre co$e po$te da Vitr. nel Primo libro. Dalla lunghezza adunque della $aetta, o
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parents:
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18887 dal pe$o della pietra con ragione $i deue pigliar la mi$ura di que$te machine, come ancho dal pe$o
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18888 della palla $i forma il pezzo, $i d&agrave; la carcatura, &amp; $i tempra l'artigliaria de no$tri tempi, perche
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parents:
diff changeset
18889 &egrave; nece$$ario, che ci $ia proportione tra quello, che muoue, &amp; la co$a, che &egrave; mo$$a, la doue chiara-
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parents:
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18890 mente $i proua, che n&egrave; una pagliuzza, n&egrave; uno $mi$urato pe$o puo e$$er da un'huomo $enz'altro in-
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18891 $trumento tirato, perche in quello c' &egrave; il meno, in que$to il piu $enza proportione tra il mouente, et
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18892 la co$a, che &egrave; mo$$a: &amp; perche la $aeita, &amp; la pietra deue e$$er accommodata ad alcuna parte,
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parents:
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18893 per&ograve; $e gli fa il $uo letto, &amp; il $uo canale: &amp; perche la fune, il neruo, &ograve; altro, che $pigne la $aet-
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18894 ta deue e$$er con ragione $te$o &amp; tirato, &amp; annodato a qualche co$a, &amp; quella $imilmente ad
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parents:
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18895 altra parte, che la co$tringa, &amp; quella ferma e$$er deue, &amp; unita con altre parti ad un' effetto, ac-
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parents:
diff changeset
18896 ci&ograve; $e le conuegna la diffinitione della machina, per&ograve; ci na$ce la nece<02> t&agrave; di tutte le parti de tali
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18897 $trumenti come $ono i trauer$i, le erte, le chiauette, le tauole, i perni, i cardini, i canali, i regoli, o</I>
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18898 <pb n="474">
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parents:
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18899 <I>na$pi, le leue, le orecchie, le braccia, i capitelli, le colonnelle, i fori, le bocchette, &amp; altre co$e
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parents:
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18900 che Vitru. dice, le mi$ure dellequali in e$$o per il tempo, &amp; per la negligentia di molti $ono an-
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parents:
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18901 date, benche la ragione, &amp; il perche di e$$e cire$ti pigliando$i il tutto dalla ragione della Leua,
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parents:
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18902 &amp; della Bilancia. I nomi uer amente, &amp; i uocaboli di que$ti $trumenti, o machine $ono tolte da
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18903 qualche $imiglianza delle co$e, o da qualche effetto, o uero fanta$ia, come appre$$o di noi Schiop-
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parents:
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18904 po, &amp; Bombarda, dal $uono, Arcobu$o dalla forma, Pa$$auola<*>te, Ba$ili$co, &amp; Falconetto da
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parents:
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18905 gli effetti: co$i Bali$ta dal tirare, Scorpione, perche con $ottil punta di $aetta daua la morte, &amp;
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parents:
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18906 for$e quella era auelenata, &amp; Catapulta $imilmente dalla celerit&agrave; del colpo, &amp; Arcubalista, &amp;
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parents:
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18907 altre co$e $rmili, &amp; dalla forma, &amp; da gli effetti er ano nominate. &amp; a imitatione di uno di tali
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18908 $trumenti gia molti anni ne fu formato uno tutto di ferro (in picciola forma con le corde di ne<*>-
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18909 uo) che in molte parti $i conforma con la narratione di Vitru. il quale &egrave; in una delle $ale dello ar-
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18910 mamento dello Eccellenti$$imo Con$ilio di X. La$cier&ograve; adunque che il tempo ciporti qualche lu-
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parents:
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18911 me, perche ancho da gli autori Greci non $i puo cauare co$a, che buona $ia, $e bene $ono gli i$te<02>i
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18912 che cita Vitru.</I>
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18913 <HEAD><I>Delle ragioni delle Bali$te. Cap. XVI.</I></HEAD>
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18914 <p>IO ho detto delle ragioni delle Catapulte, &amp; di che membri, &amp; con che pro-
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18915 portioni $i faccciano. Ma la ragione delle Bali$te $ono uarie, &amp; differenti,
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parents:
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18916 per&ograve; tutte $ono ad uno effetto drizzate, perche altre con $tanghe, altre con
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18917 molinelli, alcune con molte taglie, &amp; con molti raggi, alcune con argane,
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18918 &amp; altre con ruote &amp; Timpani $ono tirate. Ma con tutto que$to niuna Bali$ta $i fa $e non
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diff changeset
18919 $econdo la propo$ta grandezza del $a$$o, che da tale $trumento $i manda: per&ograve; della ragio
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18920 ne di quelle non &egrave; ageuole a tutti, &amp; e$pedita co$a trattarne, $e non a qulli, che hanno
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18921 l'arte di numerare, &amp; moltiplicare, perche $i fanno ne i capi alcun fori, per gli $patij de i
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diff changeset
18922 quali tirate $ono &amp; caricate, con capello di donna $pecialmente, o con neruo le funi, le
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diff changeset
18923 quali $i pigliano dalla proportione della grandezza del pe$o di quel $a$$o, che ha da e$$er
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18924 tirato dalla Bali$ta. Si come dalla lunghezza della $aetta detto hauemo pigliar$i la mi$ura
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18925 delle Catapulte. Ma accioche ancho quelli, che non hanno le ragioni della Geometria,
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18926 &amp; della Arithmetica polsino e$peditamente operare, pcrche nel pericolo della guerra non
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diff changeset
18927 $iano occupati nel pen$arui $opra, io far&ograve; manife$to riducendo la co$a alla ragione de i no
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diff changeset
18928 $tri pe$i quelle co$e, che io ho hauute per certe, &amp; quelle, che in parte io ho appre$e da
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18929 mei precettori, &amp; con quali co$e i pe$i de i Greci habbian ri$petto a i moduli $ommaria-
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diff changeset
18930 mente io $on per e$ponere.
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18931 <p><I>Si puo creder molto a Vitr. in que$ta materia, percioche egli era prepo$to all' artigliarie, &amp;
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18932 all' apparato delle Bali$te, Scorpioni, &amp; delle Catapulte, $econdo che egli afferma nella dedica-
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18933 tione del libro. Potemo ancho uedere quanto nece$$ario $ia all' Architetto la cognitione del-
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18934 l' Arithmetica, &amp; della Geometria, come egli ha detto nel primo libro, perche le proportioni de
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diff changeset
18935 numeri, &amp; le $olutioni delle co$e, che con numeri non $i po$$ono fare, ma $i bene per uia di linee,
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parents:
diff changeset
18936 come prouato hauemo nel nono libro, uengono dall' arte del numerare, &amp; dall' arte del mi$urare:
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diff changeset
18937 &amp; qui ci $erue quella dimanda di trouare le linee di mezo proportionali a dua date, $econdo che
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diff changeset
18938 dice Archimede, &amp; Vitr. delle ragioni loro.</I>
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diff changeset
18939 <pb n="475">
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parents:
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18940 <HEAD><I>Della proportione delle pietre, che $i deono trarre al foro
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18941 della balista. Cap. XVII.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
18942 <p>Qvella Bali$ta, che deue mandar fuori una pietra di due libre hauer&agrave; il foro del
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parents:
diff changeset
18943 $uo capitello di cinque dita, $e di quattro libre, dita $ei, $edi otto, dita $ette,
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parents:
diff changeset
18944 &amp; noue parti, $e di dieci, dita otto, &amp; noue parti, $e di uenti, dita dieci, &amp; no
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parents:
diff changeset
18945 ue parti, $e di quaranta, dita dodici &amp; mezo &amp; K. $e di $e$$anta dita tredici,
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parents:
diff changeset
18946 &amp; l'ottaua parte d'un dito, $e di ottanta dita quindeci, &amp; noue parti d'un dito. Se di cen
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parents:
diff changeset
18947 to &amp; uenti, piedi uno &amp; mezo, &amp; d'un dito &amp; mezo <15> <14> $e di cento &amp; ottanta, piedi due
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parents:
diff changeset
18948 &amp; dita cinque, $e di ducento libre piedi due, &amp; dita $ei, $e di ducento &amp; dieci, piedi
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parents:
diff changeset
18949 due, &amp; dita $ette <15> <14> $e di ducento &amp; cinquanta, piedi due dita undeci &amp; mezo. Determi
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parents:
diff changeset
18950 nata la grandezza del foro faccia$i una Scutula detta da Greci Peritritos, che per lunghez-
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parents:
diff changeset
18951 za $ia due fori, &amp; della duodecima, &amp; ottaua parte d'un foro, la larghezza due fori, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
18952 della $e$ta parte d'un foro. Parti$ca$i la met&agrave; della di$egnata linea, &amp; poiche $ar&agrave; partito
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parents:
diff changeset
18953 $iano ritirate, &amp; ra$tremate le ultime parti di quella forma di modo, che quella linea hab
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18954 bia la $ua torta di$egnatione per la $e$ta parte della lunghezza, ma di larghezza la doue &egrave; la
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18955 $ua piega habbia la quarta parte. Ma la doue &egrave; la curuatura, la doue gli anguli con i capi
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18956 loro $portano in fuori, &amp; i fori $i deono uoltare, &amp; il ra$tremamento deue tornar in die-
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18957 tro per la $e$ta parte della larghezza. Il foro $i fa di forma alquanto lunghetta tanto, quan
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18958 to &egrave; gro$$o l'Epizige. poi che co$i $ar&agrave; formato parti$ca$i a torno di modo, che ell'habbia
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18959 la e$trema curuatura dolcemente uoltata <15> <14> la gro$$ezza $ia d'un foro. Facian$i i mog
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18960 getti di fori 11 &amp; mezo, la larghezza 59 <15> <14> la gro$$ezza oltra quello, che entra nel foro
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18961 $ia di fori 51, all'ultimo della larghezza $ia di fori 15. la. lunghezza delle erte $ia di fori
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parents:
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18962 V S 5. la curuatura per la met&agrave; d'un foro, la gro$$ezza. u. d'un foro &amp; LX. parte egli $i da
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parents:
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18963 di piu alla larghezza quanto s'&egrave; fatto appre$$o il foro nella de$crittione in larghezza, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
18964 gro$$ezza la. V. parte di un foro. L'altezza la quarta parte, la lunghezza della regola che
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parents:
diff changeset
18965 &egrave; nella men$a &egrave; di fori otto, la larghezza, &amp; la gro$$ezza, per la met&agrave; del foro. la gro$$ez-
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parents:
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18966 za del Cardine 112 <15> <14>. gro$$ezza del foro 199 <15> <14> la curuatura della regola 15 K la
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parents:
diff changeset
18967 larghezza, &amp; gro$$ezza della regola e$teriore tanto, la lunghezza, che ci dar&agrave; la uer$ura
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parents:
diff changeset
18968 della formatione, &amp; la larghezza dell'erta, &amp; la $ua curuatura K. Ma le regole di $e pra $a-
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parents:
diff changeset
18969 ranno eguali alle regole di $otto. K. le men$e del trauer$o di fori uuK la lunghezza del Fu-
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parents:
diff changeset
18970 $todel Climaciclo di fori tredici <15> <14> la gro$$ezza di tre K lo $patio di mezo largo una
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parents:
diff changeset
18971 quarta d'un foro. <15> la gro$$ezza un'ottaua <15> <14> K. la parte di $opra del Climaciclo che
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parents:
diff changeset
18972 &egrave; uicina congiunta alla men$a per tutta la $ua lunghezza $i parte in cinque parti, delle qua-
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parents:
diff changeset
18973 li due $i danno a quel membro, che i Greci chiamano Chilon <15> la larghezza 5. la gro$$ezza
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parents:
diff changeset
18974 9 <15>. la lunghezza di tre fori &amp; mezo K. le parti prominenti del chilo di mezo foro, quel
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parents:
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18975 la del Plenthigomato di 3. d'un foro, &amp; d'un Sicilico. Et quello, che &egrave; a i perni, che $i
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parents:
diff changeset
18976 chiama la Fronte trauer$a &egrave; di tre fori, la larghezza delle regole di dentro 5. d'un foro, la
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parents:
diff changeset
18977 gro$$ezza 3 K. il riempimento dell'orecchia che &egrave; per coprire la Securina s'intende K. la
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parents:
diff changeset
18978 larghezzza, del fu$to del Climaciclo 25. la gro$$ezza di fori dodici K. la gro$$ezza del qua
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parents:
diff changeset
18979 drato, che &egrave; pre$$o al Climaciclo F S d'un foro, ne gli e$tremi K. ma il diametro dell'a$$e
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parents:
diff changeset
18980 ritondo $ar&agrave; eguale al chilo, alle chiauette. 5. manco una $e$tadecima K. la lunghezza del
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parents:
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18981 l'anteridio di fori F 1119, la larghezza 5 <15>: d'un foro, la gro$$ezza di $opra 2 K. la ba$a,
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parents:
diff changeset
18982 $i chiama e$cara per lunghezza &egrave; di fori <15> la contraba$a di fori quattro <15> <14> la larghezza,
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parents:
diff changeset
18983 &amp; gro$$ezza dell'una, &amp; dell'altra <15> <14> d'un foro, $i caccia a mezo una colonna di altez-
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parents:
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18984 <foot><I>QQQ</I></foot>
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parents:
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18985 <pb n="476">
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parents:
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18986 za K. la cui larghezza, &amp; gro$$ezza &egrave; d'un foro, &amp; mezo, ma l'altezza non ha proportio-
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parents:
diff changeset
18987 ne di foro, ma $ar&agrave; ba$tante quello, che $ar&agrave; nece$$ario all'u$o <15> <14> d'un braccio, la lun-
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parents:
diff changeset
18988 ghezza di fori VI <15> <14> la gro$$ezza nella radice ne gli e$tremi F. Io ho e$po$to quelle $im-
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parents:
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18989 metrie trattando delle Bali$te, &amp; delle Catapulte, che io ho giudicato $ommamente c$pe
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parents:
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18990 dite, ma come $i carchino, &amp; tirino con funi torte di neruo, &amp; di capelli, quanto potr&ograve;
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parents:
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18991 con i $critti abbracciare non la$cier&ograve;.
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parents:
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18992 <p><I>Et qui che potemo noi dire in tanta $correttione di te$to? in tanta confu$ione di mi$ure, &amp; in
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18993 tanta o$curit&agrave; di uocaboli? Mirabile era certo que$ta machina tirando fin ducento &egrave; cinquanta li
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18994 bre di pe$o, &amp; ci uoleua una grandi$$ima manifattura, di parti &amp; membri di e$$a.</I>
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18995 <HEAD><I>Delle tempre, et car cature delle Baliste, et delle Ca-
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18996 tapulte. Cap. VXIII.</I></HEAD>
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18997 <p>Piglian$i traui lunghi$simi $opra i quali $i conficcano i gattelli, dentro de quali
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18998 uanno i na$pi, ma per mezo gli $patij di quelle traui $i ta gliano dentro le for-
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18999 me, nelle quali s'inue$tono i capitelli delle Catapulte, &amp; con cugni $ono fer
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19000 mati, &amp; tenuti accioche nel caricarle, &amp; tirarle non $i muouino. Piglian$i
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19001 poi i moggetti di rame, &amp; quelli $i metteno dentro ne i capitelli, dentro i quali uanno i
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19002 cugnetti di ferro detti da Greci Epi$chidi: oltra di que$to ui $i pongono le an$e delle cor-
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19003 de, &amp; $i fanno pa$$are dall'altra parte, &amp; d'indi $i riportano a i na$pi, inuolgendo$i nelle
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19004 $tanghe, accioche per quelle $te$e, &amp; tirate le corde quando con le mani $aranno toc-
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19005 che, habbian eguale ri$pondenza di $uono nell'una, &amp; l'altra parte, &amp; quando hauere-
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19006 mo fatto que$to, allhora con cugni a i fori, $i $errano di modo, che non po$$ono piu am-
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19007 mollar$i, &amp; co$i fatti pa$$are dall'altra parte con la i$te$$a ragione con le $tanghe $i $tende-
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19008 no per lina$pi, fin che $uonino egualmente, &amp; co$i con i ferramenti de i cugni $i tempra-
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19009 no le Catapulte al $uono con udito, &amp; orecchia mu$icale.
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19010 <p><I>Que$to accenn&ograve; Vitr. nel primo libro uolendo, che lo Architetto haue$$e qualche ragione di
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19011 Mu$ica: perche $e &egrave; quella proportione da $uono, a $uono, che &egrave; da $patio a $patio, non prima
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19012 $errar $i deono i fori po$ti ne i capi, per li quali $i tirano le funi torte, che rendino $uoni eguali,
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19013 &amp; allhora renderanno $uoni eguali, che ci $ar&agrave; parit&agrave; di $patij, &amp; eguale tiramento dalla de-
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diff changeset
19014 $tra, &amp; dalla $inistra delle funi: &amp; quando que$to dall'orecchia $ar&agrave; udito, allhora $ar&agrave; molto
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19015 bene temperata la carcatura, &amp; il colpo $ar&agrave; dritto &amp; giu$to, come la ragione ci dimo$tra.</I>
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19016 <HEAD><I>Delle co$e da oppugnare, et da difendere, et pri-
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19017 ma della inuentione dello Ariete et della
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19018 $ua machina. Cap. XIX.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
19019 <p>IO ho detto quello, che io ho potuto di que$te co$e. Re$tami dire delle ma-
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diff changeset
19020 chine da battere, &amp; da oppugnare in che modo con machinationi i uittorio$i
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diff changeset
19021 capitani, &amp; le citt&agrave; e$$er po$sino dife$e. Prima quanto appartiene alla oppu-
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parents:
diff changeset
19022 gnatione, co$i $i dice e$$er'$tato ritrouato l'Ariete. I Carthagine$i per oppu-
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19023 gnar Gade s'accamparono, &amp; hauendo prima pre$o il ca$tello $i sforzarono di gettarlo a
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19024 terra, ma poi che non haueuano ferramenti per roinarlo pre$ero una traue, &amp; que$ta con
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parents:
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19025 <pb n="477">
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parents:
diff changeset
19026 le mani $o$tenendo, &amp; urtando con uno de capi continuamente andauano $calcinando la
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parents:
diff changeset
19027 $ommit&agrave; del muro, &amp; $mantellando i primi cor$i delle pietre a poco a poco leuarono tut-
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parents:
diff changeset
19028 ta la dife$a. Dapoi accad&egrave;, che un certo fabro di Tiria detto Pefa$meno lndutto da que
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parents:
diff changeset
19029 $ta ragione, &amp; inuentione, drizzata un'antenna da quella ne $o$pe$e un'altra per trauer$o
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parents:
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19030 in bilancia, &amp; co$i tirando indietro, &amp; $pignendo inanzi congran colpi roin&ograve; il muro de
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parents:
diff changeset
19031 i Gaditani. Ma Cetra Calcedonio fece prima un ba$amento di legno po$to $opra ruote,
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parents:
diff changeset
19032 &amp; poi $opra ui fabric&ograve; con traui dritti, &amp; con chiaui, &amp; trauer$i uno $teccato, &amp; in que$ti
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parents:
diff changeset
19033 $o$pe$e, &amp; appicc&ograve; l'Ariete, &amp; di corami di buoi fece la coperta, accioche piu $icuri fo$$e-
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parents:
diff changeset
19034 ro quelli, che nella machina po$ti fu$$ero a batter la muraglia, &amp; que$ta $orte di machina
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parents:
diff changeset
19035 per e$$er alquanto tarda ne i forzi $uoi, fu dal detto Te$tudine Arietaria nominata. Po$ti
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parents:
diff changeset
19036 adunque da prima que$ti gradi, a tal $orte di machina, auuenne dapoi che quando Philip-
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parents:
diff changeset
19037 po figliuolo d'Aminta $i po$e all'a$$edio, &amp; a batter Bizantio, che Polindo The$$alo ui ag-
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parents:
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19038 giun$e molte $orti, &amp; molte facilit&agrave;, dalqual poi impararono Diade, &amp; Cherea, che anda-
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parents:
diff changeset
19039 rono al $oldo con Ale$$andro. Perche Diade ne i $uoi $critti dimo$tra hauer trouato le
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parents:
diff changeset
19040 torri, che andauano, lequali ancho disfatte $olea portar nello e$$ercito. Oltra di que-
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parents:
diff changeset
19041 $to egli trou&ograve; la Triuella, la machina a$cendente, per laquale a pi&egrave; piano $i poteua pa$$a-
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19042 re alla muraglia. Et ancho trou&ograve; il Coruo, che roinaua le mura, detto Grue da alcuni.
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parents:
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19043 Similmente u$aua lo Ariete con le ruote di $otto, le ragioni delquale egli ci la$ci&ograve; $critte,
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parents:
diff changeset
19044 &amp; dice, che la piu picciola torre non deue e$$er men alta di cubiti $e$$anta, larga 17, ra$tre-
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parents:
diff changeset
19045 mata di $opra la quinta parte del $uo di$otto, &amp; che le erte da ba$$o di dieci parti d'un pie-
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parents:
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19046 de, &amp; di $opra di mezo piede $i douean fare, &amp; che bi$ogna fare quella torre di dieci ta-
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parents:
diff changeset
19047 uolati, &amp; che per ogni lato hauer deue le $ue fine$tre. Ma la torre piu grande doueua e$-
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parents:
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19048 $er alta 120 cubiti, larga 22 &amp; mezo <15> <23> &amp; r&agrave;$tremata di $opra $imilmente la quinta
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parents:
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19049 parte <15>: i $uoi dritti o erte dal fondo d'un piede, dal di $opra di mezo piede, &amp; que$ta
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parents:
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19050 altezza egli faceua di uenti tauolati, &amp; cia$cuno tauolato haueua il circuito di tre cubiti,
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parents:
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19051 &amp; la copriua di corami crudi, accioche fu$$ero da ogni colpo $icure. L'apparecchio del-
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19052 la Te$tuggine Arietaria $i faceua con la i$te$$a ragione. Perche haueua lo $pacio di trenta
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parents:
diff changeset
19053 cubiti, l'altezza oltra la $ommit&agrave; di 16. ma l'altezza della $ommit&agrave; del $uo piano di $ette cu
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parents:
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19054 biti. V$ciua in alto, &amp; $opra il mezo fa$tigio del tetto una torricella non meno larga di
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parents:
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19055 12 cubiti, &amp; di $opra s'alzaua in altezza di quattro tauolati, nellaquale dal tauolato di $o-
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parents:
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19056 pra $i poneuano gli Scorpioni, &amp; le Catapulte, &amp; dalla parte di $otto $i raccoglieua una
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parents:
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19057 grande quantit&agrave; di acqua per e$tinguer il fuoco, ca$o che egli ui fu$$e gettato. Poneua$i
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parents:
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19058 ancho in e$$a la machina Arietaria, detta da Greci Chriodochi, nella quale $i poneua un
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parents:
diff changeset
19059 ba$tone, o morello fatto al torno $opra ilquale era po$to l'Ariete, che a forza di funi ti-
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parents:
diff changeset
19060 rato inanzi, &amp; indietro faceua co$e merauiglio$e, &amp; que$to ancho come la torre era di co
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19061 rami crudi coperto. Quanto alla triuella egli ci la$ci&ograve; $critto que$te ragioni. Egli face-
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19062 ua quella machina, come una te$tuggine, che nel mezo nelle $ue erte haueua un canale, co-
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19063 me $i $uol far nelle Bali$te, &amp; nelle Catapulte. Que$to canale era lungo cinqu&atilde;ta cubiti, alto
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parents:
diff changeset
19064 uno, &amp; in e$$o $i poneua per trauer$o un na$po, &amp; dal capo dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra
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parents:
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19065 due taglie, per lequali $i moueua quel traue col capo ferrato, che uiera dentro, $otto lo
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19066 i$te$$o canale quelli, che erano rinchiu$i $icuri, faceuano piu pre$ti, &amp; piu gagliardi i mo-
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parents:
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19067 uimenti di quella. Sopra quel traue, che iui era $i gettauano gli archi, &amp; i uolti per copri-
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parents:
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19068 re il canale, accioche $o$tene$$ero il corame crudo, colquale era quella machina in uol-
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19069 ta. Del Coruo egli non pens&ograve; che fu$$e da $criuere alcuna co$a, hauendo auuertito, che
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19070 quella machina non era di alcun ualore. Ma della machina che s'acco$taua grecamente
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19071 Epiuatra nominata, &amp; delle machinationi da mare, che po$$ono entrar nelle naui, egli $o-
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parents:
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19072 lamente ha prome$$o di $criuere. io ho bene auuertito, che egli non ci ha le $ue ragioni
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19073 e$plicate. Io ho $critto quelle co$e, che appartengono allo apparecchi<*> delle machine
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diff changeset
19074 <foot><I>QQQ</I> 2</foot>
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diff changeset
19075 <pb n="478">
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diff changeset
19076 $critte da Diade. Horaio dir&ograve; quelle co$e, che io ho hauuto da miei precettori, &amp; chea
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parents:
diff changeset
19077 me pareno di utilit&agrave;.
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parents:
diff changeset
19078 <p><I>Le co$e trattate nel pre$ente cap. della inuentione dello Ariete, &amp; della fabrica $ua, &amp; delle
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diff changeset
19079 Torri, &amp; Te$tuggini, &amp; della triuella, &amp; delle altre machine $ono a$$ai bene inte$e, per&ograve; non mi
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parents:
diff changeset
19080 par' che $ia nece$$ario tentar di e$plicarle meglio, &amp; di queste $e ne fa mentione appre$$o gli Hi-
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diff changeset
19081 $torici, &amp; de gli effetti loro $e ne parla copio$amente, &amp; i nomi di queste machine, come gli
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diff changeset
19082 altri $ono pre$i dalle forme, &amp; da gli effetti loro, come facilmente $i puo intender, $enza no-
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parents:
diff changeset
19083 $tra fatica.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
19084 <HEAD><I>Dell'apparecchio della te$tuggine per le fo$-
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diff changeset
19085 $e. Cap. XX.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
19086 <p>LA Te$tuggine, che $i apparecchia alla cong<*>$tione delle fo$$e, &amp; che ancho $i
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parents:
diff changeset
19087 puo acco$tare alle mura, in que$to modo $i deue fare. Faccia$i una ba$a det-
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parents:
diff changeset
19088 ta E$chara da Greci, &amp; $ia que$ta quadrata per ogni lato piedi uenticinque, i
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parents:
diff changeset
19089 $uoi trauer$i quattro, &amp; que$ti contenuti $iano da altri due trauer$i gro$si
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parents:
diff changeset
19090 f. 5. larghi. 5. &amp; $ian que$ti trauer$i di$tanti tra $e da un piede &amp; mezo, &amp; per ogni $pacio
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parents:
diff changeset
19091 di quelli $iano $otto po$ti alcuni arbo$celli Amaxopodes detti da Greci, ne i quali $i uolta-
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parents:
diff changeset
19092 no i perni delle ruote cerchiati di lame di ferro, &amp; quegli arbor$celli $iano co$i tempera-
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parents:
diff changeset
19093 ti, che habbian i cardini, &amp; i fori loro per doue le $tanghe pa$$ando po$$ano quelli a torno
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parents:
diff changeset
19094 uoltare, accioche inanzi, &amp; indietro dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra, &amp; per torto in angu-
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parents:
diff changeset
19095 lo, doue ricercher&agrave; il bi$ogno per gli arbor$celli inanzi muouer $i po$sino. $opra la ba$a
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parents:
diff changeset
19096 po$ti $iano due trauicelli, che $portino in una, &amp; nell'altra parte $ei piedi, d'intorno a
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parents:
diff changeset
19097 quegli $porti conficcati ne $ian due altri, che $portino inanzi le fronti piedi $ette gro$-
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parents:
diff changeset
19098 $i, &amp; larghi come $ono quelli, che nella ba$a de$critti $ono. $opra que$ta collegatu-
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parents:
diff changeset
19099 ra drizzar $i deono le portelle congiunte, oltra i cardini di piedi noue, gro$$e per ogni
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parents:
diff changeset
19100 uer$o un piede, &amp; un palmo, lontane una dall'altra un piede &amp; mezo. Siano que&mdash;
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parents:
diff changeset
19101 $te dal di$opra rinchiu$e tra le traui cardinate, $opra le traui po$ti $iano i capreoli, o
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parents:
diff changeset
19102 chiaui, che co i cardini l'uno entri dentro l'altro &amp; $iano leuati piedi noue, $opra i
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parents:
diff changeset
19103 capreoli $i pone un traue quadrato, che lega, &amp; congiugne i traui, &amp; que$ti da i lo-
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parents:
diff changeset
19104 ro laterali d'intorno conficcati $ian contenuti, &amp; coperti bene con tauole $pecialmente di
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parents:
diff changeset
19105 palme, ilche $e non $i puo, pigli$i altra $orte di legno, oltra il pino, &amp; l'alno, che po$$a
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parents:
diff changeset
19106 e$$er buono per que$to effetto, percioche il pino, &amp; l'alno $ono fragili &amp; facilmente rice-
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parents:
diff changeset
19107 ueno il fuoco. D'intorno i tauolati po$ti $iano i craticci di $ottili$sime uerghe molto den
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parents:
diff changeset
19108 $amente conte$te, &amp; $pecialmente uerdi, &amp; fre$che, cucitoui i crudi corami doppij, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
19109 riempiti di alica, o di paglie in aceto macerate $ia d'intorno tutta la machina inue$tita, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
19110 co$i da que$te co$e $aranno ribattuti i colpi delle Bali$te, &amp; $cacciati gl'impeti de gli
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parents:
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19111 incendij.
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parents:
diff changeset
19112 <HEAD><I>Delle altre te$tuggini. Cap. XXI.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
19113 <p>Evui un'altra $orte di Teftuggine, che ha tutte le altre co$e al modo, che han-
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parents:
diff changeset
19114 no le te$tuggini $opra$critte, eccetto che i capreoli: ma hanno d'intorno il
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parents:
diff changeset
19115 parapetto, &amp; i merli fatti di tauole, &amp; dal di$opra, i $ottogrondali che $tan-
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parents:
diff changeset
19116 no in pioucre, che $i contengono $opra le tauole, &amp; i corami fermamente
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parents:
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19117 con$iccati, &amp; di $opra ci &egrave; po$ta dell'argilla con capello battuta tanto gro$$a, che il fuoco
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parents:
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19118 <pb n="479">
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parents:
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19119 per modo alcuno non po$$a far danno alla detta machina. Egli $i puo ancho, quando bi-
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parents:
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19120 $ogno $ia, far que$te machine di otto ruote comportando co$i la natura del luogo. Ma
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parents:
diff changeset
19121 quelle te$tuggini, che $i fanno per cauar $otto, che da Greci $ono Origes nominate, han-
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parents:
diff changeset
19122 no tutte le altre co$e (come &egrave; $opra$critto) &amp; le fronti di quelle $i fanno come gli angoli
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parents:
diff changeset
19123 de i triangoli, accioche quando il $acttume dalle mura mandato in quelle percuoter&agrave;, non
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parents:
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19124 riceuino i colpi con le fronti piane, ma $correndo da i lati $enza pericolo, quelli che dentro
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parents:
diff changeset
19125 $ono, &amp; che cauano $iano dife$i. Non mi par alieno dal propo$ito no$tro e$poner, le ra-
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parents:
diff changeset
19126 gioni di quella Te$tuggine, che fece Agctore Bizantino. Era la ba$a piedi 60 per lunghez
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parents:
diff changeset
19127 za, 18 per larghezza, drizzate erano 4 erte $opra la $ua colligatione di due traui compo-
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parents:
diff changeset
19128 $te, cia$cuna d'altezza di piedi 36, gro$$e un piede, &amp; un palmo, larghe un piede, &amp; me-
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parents:
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19129 zo. Haueua la ba$a otto ruote, &amp; con quelle era condotta. L'altezza delle ruote era di pie-
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parents:
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19130 di u 15 <25> la gro$$ezza di piedi tre, &amp; co$i fatte di tre doppie di materia &amp; $otto$qua
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parents:
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19131 dra alternamente po$te in$ieme, &amp; con lame di ferro legati. Que$te ne gli arbor$cel-
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parents:
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19132 li, o amaxotopodes che $i dichino, $i uolgeno, &amp; poi $opra il piano de i tran$tri che erano
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parents:
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19133 $opra la ba$a erano drizzate le porte di piedi 18 <25> di larghezza 5 <25> &amp; di gro$$ezza
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parents:
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19134 p. 2. di$tanti tra $e 15 <25> $opra quelle i traui $errate a torno conteneuano tutta quella le
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parents:
diff changeset
19135 gatura, &amp; compactione. <14> <15> larghe piedi 1 <25> gro$$e 5 <25> $opra quella erano alzati i
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parents:
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19136 capreoli piedi 12, $opra i capreoli era un traue po$to, che congiugneua gl'inca$tri delle
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parents:
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19137 chiaui. Et di piu haueua di $opra i laterali fitti per trauer$o, $opra i quali era il tauolato a
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parents:
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19138 torno, che copriua le co$e di $otto, &amp; nel mezo del tauolato erano alcuni trauicelli doue
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parents:
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19139 eran po$ti gli Scorpioni, &amp; le Catapulte. Drizzauan$i, ancho due erte po$te in$ieme, &amp;
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parents:
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19140 di $opra inca$trate di piedi 36: <15>: gro$$e un piede &amp; mezo <15> <14> larghe due, congiunte
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parents:
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19141 con i capi ad un traue trauer$o con i cardini, o inca$tri, che $i dica, &amp; un'altro trauer$o
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parents:
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19142 tuttauia tra due fu$ti anch' egli con $uoi inca$tri, &amp; legato con lame di ferro, $opra il quale
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parents:
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19143 alternamente era po$to il legname tra i fu$ti, &amp; il trauer$o rinchiu$o tra le orecchie, &amp; i
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parents:
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19144 manichi fermamente, in quella materia erano due pernuzzi fatti al torno, a i quali e$$endo
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parents:
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19145 le funi legate $o$teneuano l'Ariete, &amp; $opra il capo di quelli, che conteneuano l'Ariete era
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parents:
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19146 un parapetto ornato a $imiglianza d'una Torricella di modo, che $tando due Soldati $en-
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parents:
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19147 za pericolo pote$$ero riguardar da lunge, &amp; riportar quello, che tenta$$ero i nemici.
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parents:
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19148 l'Ariete di quello haueua di lunghezza piedi ciy <14> <15> di larghezza al ba$$o un piede, &amp;
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parents:
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19149 un palmo <14> <15> di gro$$ezza un piede <14> <15> ra$tremato dal capo in larghezza 1 <14> <15>
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casties
parents:
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19150 in gro$$ezza 5 <25> Que$to Ariete haueua il ro$tro, &amp; la punta di duro ferro, al modo,
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parents:
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19151 che $ogliono hauere le naui lunghe, &amp; dal ro$tro quattro lame di ferro cerca 15 piedi era-
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parents:
diff changeset
19152 no fitte lungo il legno. Et dal capo al piede del traue eran tirate quattro funi gro$$e otto
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diff changeset
19153 dita, al modo che l'albero della naue da poppa a prora &egrave; ritenuto, &amp; a quel traue erano
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19154 con trauer$i attorchiate le funi raccommandate, che tra $e erano di$tanti un piede, &amp; un
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19155 palmo; &amp; di $opra tutto l'Ariete era coperto di corami crudi, &amp; da quelle funi, delle qua-
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diff changeset
19156 li pendeuano i loro capi eran fatte quattro catene di ferro inuolte ancho e$$e in corami cru
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diff changeset
19157 di. Similmente il $uo $porto haueua un'arca fatta di tauole, &amp; confitta con gro$$e corde
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19158 $tirate, per l'a$prezza delle quali non $correndo i piedi facilmente $i perueniua all'altezza del
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19159 la muraglia, &amp; quella machina nello andar a $ei modi $i moueua, inanzi, per lato dalla de
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diff changeset
19160 $tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra, s'alzaua, &amp; s'abba$$aua. Drizzaua$i in altezza per roinare il muro da
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diff changeset
19161 cento piedi, &amp; per lato dalla de$tra, &amp; dalla $ini$tra correndo abbracciaua non meno di
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19162 cento piedi, &amp; cento huomini la gouernaua, &amp; pe$aua quattro mila talenti, cio&egrave; libre
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19163 quattrocento &amp; ottanta mila.
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diff changeset
19164 <pb n="480">
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19165 <HEAD><I>La peror atione di tutta l'opera. Cap. XXII.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
19166 <p>IO ho e$plicato quanto mi pareua conueniente de gli Scorpioni, &amp; delle Cata
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diff changeset
19167 pulte, &amp; delle Balli$te, &amp; parimente delle Te$tuggini, &amp; delle Torri, &amp; da
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diff changeset
19168 chi $ono $tate ritrouate, &amp; in che modo far $i doue$lero. Ma niuna nece$sit&agrave;
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diff changeset
19169 mi ha con$tretto a $criuere delle $cale, &amp; de i Carche$i, &amp; di quelle co$e, le ra-
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diff changeset
19170 gioni delle quali debili $ono, &amp; di poca fattura: perche i $oldati fanno da $e que$te co$e:
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diff changeset
19171 n&egrave; le i$te$$e in ogni luogo, n&egrave; con le mede$ime ragioni ci $erueno, perche &egrave; differente una
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diff changeset
19172 dife$a dall'altra, &amp; ancho la gagliardezza delle nationi: perche con altra ragione $i deono
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diff changeset
19173 apparecchiare le machinationi contra gli audaci, &amp; temerari, con altra contra i diligenti, &amp;
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diff changeset
19174 $pauentati, per&ograve; $e alcuno uorr&agrave; attendere alle pre$critte co$e, $ciegliendo dalla uariet&agrave;
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diff changeset
19175 di quelle, &amp; riducendole in una preparatione conferendole in$ieme, non hauer&agrave; bi$ogno
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diff changeset
19176 d'aiuti, ma potr&agrave; sbrigar$i in ogni occorrenza con quelle ragioni, &amp; in que luoghi, che
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diff changeset
19177 $ar&agrave; bono $enza hauerne dubitatione alcuna. Ma delle machine da dife$a' non $e ne de-
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19178 ue parlare, perche i nemici non apparechiano l'offe$e $econdo i no$tri $critti, ma $pe$$o
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diff changeset
19179 le loro machinationi alla $proui$ta $enza machina con pre$ti con$igli $ono $otto$opra get-
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diff changeset
19180 tati: il che e$$er auuenuto a i Rhodiani $i dice. Diogeneto fu Architetto Rhodiano, al
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19181 quale ogni anno del publico $i daua una certa proui$ione per l'arte $ua. al co$tui tempo e$-
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diff changeset
19182 $endo di Arado uenuto a Rhodi un certo Architetto detto Callia, fece un'alta torre, &amp;
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diff changeset
19183 ci dette una mo$tra di muraglia, &amp; $opra quella fece una machina in un Carche$io, che $i
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diff changeset
19184 uolgeua, con la quale egli pre$e una machina detta Helepoli dal prender delle citt&agrave;, che
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diff changeset
19185 $i auuicinaua alla muraglia, &amp; la traport&ograve; dentro le mura. Mo$si i Rhodiani da tale e$$em
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19186 pio merauiglio$i leuarono la proui$ione annale a Diogeneto, &amp; la diedero a Callia. fra
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diff changeset
19187 que$to mezo Demetrio R&egrave;, che per la o$tinatione dell'animo era detto de$truttore delle
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diff changeset
19188 citt&agrave;, apparecchiando la guerra contra Rhodi men&ograve; $eco Epimacho Athenie$e nobile Ar-
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19189 chitetto. co$tui fece fare una torre di grandi$sima $pe$a con indu$tria &amp; fatica alta piedi
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19190 cento &amp; uenticinque, larga $e$$anta &amp; poi quella conferm&ograve; con $ilicij, &amp; corami crudi di
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19191 modo, che reggeua ad un colpo di pietra di trecento &amp; $e$$anta libre tratta da una Bali-
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19192 $ta, &amp; quella machina era di pe$o, di libre trecento &amp; $e$$anta mila. Ma e$$endo pregato
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19193 Callia da Rhodiani, che egli contra quella torre apparecchia$$e una machina, &amp; quella ti-
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19194 ra$$e dentro le mura, come prome$$o haueua, egli neg&ograve; di poter cio fare, perche non $i
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19195 puo fare ogni co$a con l'i$te$$e ragioni. percioche $ono alcune co$e, che rie$ceno tanto in
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19196 modelli piccioli, quanto in forme grandi, altre non po$$ono hauer modelli, ma da $e $i
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19197 fanno, altre ancho a i modelli s'a$simigliano, ma quando $i fanno maggiori non rie$ceno,
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19198 come da quello, che io dir&ograve;, $i puo bene auuertire. Egli $i fora con una triuella, &amp; $i fa
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19199 un foro di mezo dito, d'un dito, &amp; d'un dito &amp; mezo, il che $e con la i$te$$a ragione far
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19200 uorremo d'un palmo, non $i puo, ma di mezo piede del tutto non $i deue pen$are: co$i a
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19201 que$ta $imiglianza $i puo far alcuna co$a in una forma non molto grande, pre$a da un pic-
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19202 ciolo modello, il che all'i$te$$o modo in molto maggior grandezza non $i puo con$egui-
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19203 re. Que$te co$e e$$endo $tate auuertite da Rhodiani, quelli che con la ingiuria hauean
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19204 ancho fatto oltraggio a Diogeneto, poi che uidero il nemico $degnato &amp; o$tinato, &amp; che
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19205 la machina era per e$pugnar la citt&agrave;, temendo il pericolo della $eruitu, &amp; uedendo, che
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19206 non $i attendeua altro $e non che la citt&agrave; fu$$e roinata, $i humiliarono pregando Diogene
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19207 to che in quel ca$o aiuta$$e la patria. Co$tui da prima neg&ograve; di uolerlo fare, ma poi che le
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19208 Vergini ingenue, &amp; nobili, &amp; i giouanetti con i Sacerdoti uennero a pregare, allhora
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19209 egli promi$e con que$te conditioni, che $e egli prende$$e quella machina, fu$$e $ua. Con-
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19210 <pb n="481">
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19211 certate que$te co$e egli fece rompere il muro da quella parte doue la machina doueua auui
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19212 cinar$i, &amp; comand&ograve; in publico &amp; in priuato, che quanto cia$cuno haue$$e di acqua, di
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19213 $terco, &amp; di fango, per quella apertura fu$$e per li canali mandata dinanzi il muro. poi
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parents:
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19214 che adunque per lo $patio d'una notte gran copia d'acqua, di luto, &amp; di $terco fu in quel
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19215 luogo largamente inuiata, il giorno $eguente acco$tando$i la Torte, prima che al muro
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19216 auuicina$$e nell'humida, &amp; fango$a uoragine di fermai$i fu con$tretta, doue che n&egrave; andar
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19217 inanzi, n&egrave; tornar a dietro piu puote giamai. Perche uedendo Demetrio e$$er $tato dalla
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19218 $apienza di Diogeneto ingannato, $e ne torn&ograve; a dietro con l'armata $ua. Allhora i Rho-
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parents:
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19219 diani liberati dalla guerra per la $olertia di Diogeneto publicamente lo ringratiarono, &
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19220 l'honorarono di tutti gli honori, &amp; ornamenti. Diogeneto poi condu$$e quella machina
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19221 dentro la terra, &amp; la po$e in publico con tale in$crittione. DIOGENETO DEL-
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19222 LE SPOGLIE AL POPVLO HA FATTO QVESTO DONO.
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19223 Et co$i nelle dife$e non tanto le machine, ma $pecialmente i con$igli preparar $i deono.
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19224 Co$i a Chio hauendo i nemici $opra le naui po$te le machine delle Sanbuche di notte tem
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19225 po quei da Chio gettarono nel mare dinanzi la muraglia terra, arena &amp; pietre, &amp; uolen-
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19226 do il d&igrave; $eguente i nemici acco$tar$i con l'armata diedero nelli $cagni, ch'eran $ott'acqua
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19227 n&egrave; puotero auuicinar$i al muro, n&egrave; tornar in dietro, ma iui con martelletti forate le naui
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19228 furono abbruciate. Co$i Appolonia e$$endo a$$ediata, &amp; pen$ando i nemici d'entrar per
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19229 le caue nella terra $enza $o$petto, e$$endo que$to $tato auuertito dalle $pie, &amp; fattone
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19230 auuertiti gli Appolinati, turbati dalla tri$ta nouella per la paura hauendo bi$ogno di confi
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diff changeset
19231 glio non poteuano $aper del certo da che parte i nemici haue$$ero a sboccare: allhora Tri
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19232 fone Ale$$andrino, che iui era Architetto fece fare dentro le mura molte caue, &amp; cauan-
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19233 do la terra u$ciua fuori della muraglia meno d'un tiro d'arco, &amp; in tutti que uacui attacca
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19234 ua $o$pe$i molti ua$i di rame, di que$ti in una di quelle fo$$e, che era dirimpetto alla caua
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19235 fatta da nemici per le perco$$e de ferramenti i ua$i appiccati cominciarono a $onare, dal
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19236 che fu poi compre$o, che da quella parte i nemici cauando penetrar uoleuano dentro le
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19237 mura, co$i cono$ciuti i termini, fece apparecchiar ua$i d'acqua bogliente, &amp; di pece $o-
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19238 pra'l capo de nemici, &amp; di $terco humano, &amp; di arena cotta rouente, &amp; la notte poi fece
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19239 dal di$opra molt&iacute; fori, &amp; da quelli di $ubito mandando in giu ammazz&ograve; tutti i nemici, che
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19240 erano in quella caua. Simile auuertimento fu quando $i combatteua Mar$iglia; &amp; piu di
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diff changeset
19241 trenta caue $i faceuano, delche $o$pettando quei di Mar$iglia tutta la fo$$a ch'era inanzi la
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diff changeset
19242 muraglia cauarono con piu alta cauatione di modo, che tutte le caue de nemici sboccaro
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19243 no nella detta fo$$a, ma la doue non $i poteua far la fo$$a, dentro le mura fecero un bara-
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diff changeset
19244 tro profondi$simo, &amp; fecero come una pi$cina dincontra a quella parte, doue $i faceuano
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19245 le caue, &amp; quella di acque de pozzi, &amp; del porto empirono, &amp; co$i sboccando la caua di
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19246 $ubito aperte le Nari una gran forza d'acqua mandata, leu&ograve; di $otto i $o$tegni, &amp; i ripari,
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19247 per il che tutti quelli, che ui erano dentro dalla ruina della caua furono oppre$si. Simil-
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diff changeset
19248 mente quando contra gli i$te$si $i faceua un'argine dirimpetto al muro, &amp; di alberi taglia-
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diff changeset
19249 ti iui po$ti s'inalzaua l'opera da i gua$tatori, mandando dalle Bali$te $tanghe di ferro infuo
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diff changeset
19250 cate fecero abbruciare tutta la munitione, &amp; quando la te$tuggine Arietaria s'acco$t&ograve; al-
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diff changeset
19251 la muraglia per batterla, calarono un laccio, col quale $trignendo l'Ariete, &amp; uoltando
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diff changeset
19252 un'argana col timpano $o$pe$o tenendo il capo di quello non la$ciarono che l'Ariete toc-
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diff changeset
19253 ca$$e il muro; &amp; finalmente con martelli boglienti a colpi di Bali$ta tutta quella machina
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diff changeset
19254 ruinarono. Et co$i que$te citt&agrave; con la uittoria, non con machine, ma contra la ragione
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diff changeset
19255 delle machine per $olertia de gli Architetti furono liberate. Io ho ridotto a $ine in que-
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diff changeset
19256 $to uolume quelle ragioni, che io ho potuto e$pedire delle machine $i al tempo di guerra
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diff changeset
19257 come al tempo di pace, &amp; che io ho $timato e$$er'utili$sime. Ma ne i primi noue io ho
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19258 preparato quanto apparteneua a cia$cuna maniera, &amp; ad ogni parte, accioche tutto il cor-
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diff changeset
19259 <pb n="482">
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19260 po haue$$e e$plicati tutti i membri dell'Architettura, &amp; dichiariti nel numero di die-
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parents:
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19261 ci uolumi.
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diff changeset
19262 <p><I>Le co$e dette in que$t'ultimo Cap. del decimo, &amp; ultimo libro dell' Architettura di Vitr. ben-
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19263 che $ieno facili, deono per&ograve; e$$er iligentemente con$iderate da cia$cuno ingegniero, perche $i ue-
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19264 de $pe$$o e$$er uero quel prouerbio, che dice, che l'ingegno $upera le forze, come quel uillano con
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19265 $igli&ograve;, che $opra il Ponte di Verona fo$$ero portati molti carri di terreno, accioche calcando col
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19266 pe$o, l'acqua dell' Adice, che mirabilmente cre$ceua, nol porta$$e uia, hauendo $iprima con$ulta-
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19267 to la co$a con molti ingegnieri, che con la loro arte non $apeuano prouederle. &amp; co$i $ia fine a lau
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19268 de di Dio della fatica no$tra, la qual uolentieri ho impieg at a per beneficio di molti dando occa$io
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19269 ne ad altri di far meglio, con l'opera mia di noue anni apunto.</I>
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19270 <HEAD><I>IL FINE.</I></HEAD>
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19271 <pb n="483">
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19272 <pb n="484">
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19273 <pb n="485">
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19274 <pb n="486">
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19275 <pb n="487">
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19276 <pb n="488">
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19277 <pb n="489">
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19278 <pb n="490">
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19279 <pb n="491">
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19280 <pb n="492">
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19281 <pb n="493">
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19282 <pb n="494">
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19283 <pb n="495">
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19284 <pb n="496">
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19285
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diff changeset
19286 <pb n="497">
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19287 <HEAD>TAVOLA DIQVELLO</HEAD>
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19288 <HEAD>CHE SI CONTIENE IN
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19289 TVTTA LOPERA PER
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diff changeset
19290 ORDINE DEICAPI.</HEAD>
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19291 <fig>
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19292 <HEAD>Capi del primo libro.</HEAD>
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19293 <I>Vita di M. Vitruuio. fac.</I> 1
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19294 <I>Proemio. fac.</I> 2
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19295 <I>La dedicatione dell'opera.</I> 5
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19296 <I>Di quali co$e &egrave; compo$ta l'archi-
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19297 tettura.</I> 26
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19298 <I>Delle parti della Architettura.</I> 37
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19299 <I>Dell'elettione de' luoghi$ani, &amp; quali co$e nuo-
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diff changeset
19300 ceno alla $anit&agrave;.</I> 41
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19301 <I>Delle fondamenta delle muraglie &amp; delle torri.</I>
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19302 44
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19303 <I>Della elettione de i luoghi all'u$o commune del-
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19304 la Citt&agrave;.</I> 64
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19305 <HEAD>Capi del $econdo Libro.</HEAD>
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19306 <I>I L proemio.</I> 66
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19307 <I>Della uita de gli antichi huomini, &amp; de i prin-
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19308 cipij del uiuere humano, &amp; delle ca$e, &amp;
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19309 accre$cimenti di quelle.</I> 68
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19310 <I>De i principij delle co$e $econdo i filo$o$i.</I> 72
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19311 <I>De i mattoni.</I> 74
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19312 <I>Dell' Arena.</I> 78
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19313 <I>Della polue pozzolana.</I> 80
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19314 <I>De i luoghi, doue $i tagliano le pietre.</I> 81
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19315 <I>Delle maniere di murare, qualit&agrave;, modi, &amp; luo-
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19316 ghi di quelle.</I> 83
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19317 <I>Del tagliare i legnami.</I> 89
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19318 <HEAD>Capi del terzo Libro.</HEAD>
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19319 <I>IL proemio.</I> 95
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parents:
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19320 <I>Delle compo$itioni, &amp; compartimenti de i Tem
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19321 pij, &amp; della mi$ura del corpo humano.</I> 108
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
19322 <I>Di cinque $pecie di Tempij.</I> 123
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
19323 <I>Delle fondationi, &amp; delle colonne &amp; loro or-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19324 namenti, &amp; de gli architraui tanto ne i luo-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19325 ghi $odi quanto ne i mo$$i.</I> 134
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
19326 <HEAD>Capi del quarto Libro.</HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19327 <I>IL proemio.</I> 161
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
19328 <I>Di tre maniere di colonne &amp; delle origini &amp; in
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19329 uentione di quelle.</I> 162
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19330 <I>De gli ornamenti delle colonne.</I> 166
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19331 <I>Della ragione Dorica.</I> 171
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
19332 <I>Della di$tributione di dentro delle celle, &amp; del-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19333 lo antitempio.</I> 176
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19334 <I>Di fare i tempij $econdo le regioni.</I> 182
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
19335 <I>Delle ragioni delle porte, &amp; delle impo$te de i
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19336 Tempij.</I> 182
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19337 <I>Delle ragioni To$cane de i $acri Tempij.</I> 192
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19338 <I>Dell' ordinare gli altari da i Dei.</I> 201
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
19339 <HEAD>Capi del quinto Libro.</HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19340 <I>IL proemio.</I> 203
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19341 <I>Del Foro.</I> 207
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19342 <I>Dello Erario, del carcere, &amp; della curia,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19343 come $i deono ordinare.</I> 220
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19344 <I>Del Theatro.</I> 223
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19345 <pb n="498">
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19346 <I>Dell' Armonia.</I> 227
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19347 <I>De i ua$i del Theatro.</I> 243
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19348 <I>Della conformatione del Theatro.</I> 247
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19349 <I>Del tetto del portico del Theatro.</I> 352
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19350 <I>Ditre $orti di $cene.</I> 256
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19351 <I>De i portichi dietro la $cena, &amp; delle ambula-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19352 lationi.</I> 260
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19353 <I>Della di$po$itione &amp; delle parti de i bagni.</I> 260
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19354 <I>Della edificatione delle pale$tre &amp; de i Xi$ti.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19355 265
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19356 <I>De i porti &amp; delle fabriche nelle acque.</I> 268
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19357 <HEAD>Capi del $e$to Libro.</HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19358 <I>IL proemio.</I> 272
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19359 <I>Di diuer$e qualit&agrave; de pae$i, &amp; uarij a$petti del
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19360 cielo, $econdo i quali $i deono di$porre gli edi
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19361 ficij.</I> 274
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19362 <I>Delle mi$ure &amp; proportioni de i priuati edificij,</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19363 277
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19364 <I>De i cauedi, &amp; delle ca$e.</I> 252
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19365 <I>Te gli atrij, ale, Tablini.</I> 288
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19366 <I>De i Triclini, $tanze, e$$edre, &amp; delle librerie &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19367 delle loro mi$ure.</I> 292
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19368 <I>Delle $ale almodo de Greci.</I> 294
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19369 <I>A che parte del cielo ogni maniera di edificio
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19370 deue guardare accio $ia utile &amp; $ana.</I> 295
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19371 <I>De i proprij luoghi de gli edificij &amp; priuati &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19372 communi, &amp; delle maniere conuenienti a
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19373 ogni qualit&agrave; di per$one.</I> 296
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19374 <I>Delle ragioni de iru$ticali edificij, &amp; di$tintioni
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19375 di molte parti di quelli.</I> 297
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19376 <I>Delle di$po$itioni de gli edificij, &amp; delle partilo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19377 ro $econdo i Greci, &amp; de i nomi differenti, &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19378 molto dai co$tumi d'Italia lontani.</I> 300
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19379 <I>Della fermezza, &amp; delle fondamenta delle fa-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19380 briche.</I> 304
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19381 <HEAD>Capi del $ettimo Libro.</HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19382 <I>IL Proemio.</I> 307
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19383 <I>De i terrazz.</I> 310
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19384 <I>Dimacerar la calce per biancheggiare &amp; co-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19385 prire &amp; d'incro$tare i muri.</I> 314
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19386 <I>Delle politure ne i luoghi humidi.</I> 318
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19387 <I>Della ragione del dipignere ne gli edificij.</I> 319
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19388 <I>In che modo $i apparecchi il marmo per gli co-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19389 primenti.</I> 322
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19390 <I>De i colori, &amp; prima dell'ocrea.</I> 322
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19391 <I>Delle ragioni del minio.</I> 323
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19392 <I>De i colori artificio$i.</I> 324
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19393 <I>Delle tempre del color ceruleo.</I> 325
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19394 <I>Come $i faccia la ceru$a, il uerderame, &amp; la$an
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19395 daraca.</I> 325
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19396 <I>In che modo $i faccia l'o$tro eccellenti$$imo di
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19397 tutti i colori artificiali.</I> 325
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19398 <I>Ditutti i colori purpurei.</I> 329
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19399 <HEAD>Capi dell'ottauo Libro.</HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19400 <I>IL proemio.</I> 327
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19401 <I>Della inuentione dell'acqua.</I> 328
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19402 <I>Dell'acque.</I> 330
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19403 <I>Dell'acque calde, &amp; che forze hanno da diuer$i
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19404 metalli, &amp; della natura di uarij fonti, laghi,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19405 &amp; fiumare.</I> 335
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19406 <I>Della propriet&agrave; d'alcuni luoghi &amp; fonti.</I> 340
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19407 <I>De gli e$perimenti dell'acqua.</I> 341
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19408 <I>Del condurre, &amp; liuellar' l'acque, &amp; de gli $tru
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19409 menti buoni a tali effetti.</I> 341
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
19410 <I>A quanti modi $i conduchino le acque.</I> 343
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19411 <HEAD>Capi del nono Libro.</HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19412 <I>IL Proemio.</I> 347
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19413 <I>Il modo ritrouato da Platone per mi$urare un
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19414 campo di terra.</I> 348
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19415 <I>Della $quadra inuentione di Pitagora, per for
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19416 mare l'angulo giu$to.</I> 349
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19417 <I>Come $i po$$a cono$cer una portione di argento
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19418 me$colata con l'oro finita l'opera.</I> 352
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19419 <I>Della ragione de i Gnomoni ritrouati per l'om-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19420 bra de i raggi del Sole. Et del mondo. &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19421 de i pianeti.</I> 366
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19422 <I>Del cor$o del Sole per li dodici $egni.</I> 386
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19423 <I>Delle con$tellationi che $ono dalla parte Setten-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19424 trionale.</I> 391
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19425 <I>Delle $telle che $ono dal zodiaco al mezo d&igrave;.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19426 396
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19427 <I>Delle ragioni de gli horologi, &amp; delle ombre
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19428 de i Gnomoni al tempo equinottiale a Roma,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19429 &amp; in alcuni altri luoghi.</I> 398
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19430 <I>Della ragione de gli horologi, &amp; dell'u$o &amp; del
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19431 la inuentione loro, &amp; quali $ieno $tati gli in-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19432 uentori.</I> 426
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19433 <pb n="499">
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19434 <HEAD>Capi del decimo Libro.</HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19435 <I>IL Proemio.</I> 438
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19436 <I>Che co$a &egrave; machina, in che &egrave; differente dallo in-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19437 $trumento, &amp; della origine &amp; nece$$it&agrave; di
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19438 quella.</I> 442
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19439 <I>Delle machinationi trattorie de i $acri Tempij,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19440 &amp; delle opere publiche.</I> 445
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19441 <I>De diuer$i uocaboli delle machine &amp; come $i
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19442 drizzano.</I> 447
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19443 <I>Di una machina da leuar grandi$$imi pe$i.</I> 448
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19444 <I>Di una altra $orte di machina da tirare.</I> 449
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19445 <I>Di una ingenio$a ragione di Cte$ifonte per con-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19446 durre i pe$i.</I> 450
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19447 <I>Come trouato s'habbia la petraia, della quale
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19448 fu $atto il Tempio di Diana Efe$ia.</I> 451
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19449 <I>Del mouimento dritto, &amp; circolare che $i ri-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19450 chiede a leuar i pe$i.</I> 452
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19451 <I>Delle $orti de gli $trumenti da cauar l'acque, &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19452 prima del Timpano.</I> 460
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19453 <I>Delle ruote, &amp; Timpani per macinar la farina.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19454 460
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19455 <I>Della uida che alza gran copia d'acqua.</I> 461
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19456 <I>Della machina fatta da Cte$ibio che alza l'ac-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19457 qua molto alto.</I> 462
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19458 <I>Delle machine hidraulice con lequali $i fanno
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19459 gli organi.</I> 465
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19460 <I>Con che ragione $i mi$ura il uiaggio fatto o in
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19461 carretta, o in naue.</I> 468
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19462 <I>Delle ragioni delle Catapulte, &amp; de gli Scorpi-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19463 pioni.</I> 472
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19464 <I>Delle ragioni delle bali$te.</I> 474
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19465 <I>Della proportione delle pietre che $i deono trar-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19466 re al foro della bali$ta.</I> 475
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19467 <I>Dell' apparechio della te$tugine per le fo$$e.</I> 478
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19468 <I>Delle tempre &amp; carcature delle bali$te, &amp; del
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19469 le catapulte.</I> 476
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19470 <I>Delle co$e da oppugnare, &amp; da difendere, &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19471 della inuentione dello Ariete.</I> 476
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19472 <I>La tauola delle lunghezze, larghezze, parti &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19473 grandezze delle $telle.</I> 483
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19474 <I>La tauola della declinatione del Sole.</I> 496
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19475 <HEAD><I>IL FINE.</I></HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19476 <foot><I>TTT</I></foot>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19477 <pb n="500">
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19478 <HEAD>TAVOLA DE I DIECI LIBRI DELLA</HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19479 <HEAD>ARCHITETTVRA DIM. VITRVVIO.</HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19480 <HEAD><I>A.</I></HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19481 <I>Abete.</I> 90
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19482 <I>Abete $opernate, &amp; inferna-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19483 te.</I> 94
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19484 <I>Acqua, &amp; $ua inuentione, pro-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19485 ua, liuello, &amp; condotta da</I> 327 <I>per tutto
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19486 l'ottauo libro.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19487 <I>Acque piouane.</I> 330
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19488 <I>Acque calde, &amp; metalliche.</I> 335
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19489 <I>Agente.</I> 9
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19490 <I>Agente diuino, naturale, &amp; artificiale.</I> 11
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19491 <I>Ale$fandro il magno, &amp; $uo auuertimento.</I> 66
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19492 <I>Alberi, nature, &amp; propriet&agrave;loro.</I> 89. 90. 91
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19493 <I>Alato Tempio.</I> 115
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19494 <I>Altari, &amp; loro ordinatione.</I> 201
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19495 <I>Amphipro$tylos.</I> 113
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19496 <I>Angoli, &amp; loro dichiaratione.</I> 23
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19497 <I>Andrea Palladio Architetto.</I> 64
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19498 <I>Ante.</I> 115
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19499 <I>Analemma, &amp; di$cor$i $opra da</I> 366 <I>fin</I> 403.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19500 <I>Anguli, &amp; circonferenze fatte da i circoli,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19501 &amp; diametri, che entrano nello Analem-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19502 ma.</I> 420
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19503 <I>Apennino, &amp; $ua de$crittione.</I> 94
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19504 <I>Apparenze, &amp; orti &amp; occa$i delle $telle.</I> 381
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19505 <I>Arte, diffinitione, na$cimento, cre$cimento,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19506 diui$ione, &amp; di$cor$o $opra l'arti.</I> 3.4.5
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19507 <I>Arte, &amp; i$perienza $ono differenti.</I> 4
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19508 <I>Architettura, &amp; $ua dignit&agrave;.</I> 5
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19509 <I>Architettura, &amp; $ua diffinitione, deriuatione,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19510 &amp; laude.</I> 6
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19511 <I>Architetto.</I> 6
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19512 <I>Arti attribuite a gli animali.</I> 9
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19513 <I>Arte diuina, humana, &amp; mondana.</I> 9
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19514 <I>Artefice tiene doppia con$ideratione, &amp; dop-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19515 pia affettione ri$petto all'opera.</I> 10
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19516 <I>Architetto richiede fabrica, &amp; di$cor$o alla
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19517 $ua perfettione</I> 10
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19518 <I>Arti di$tinte.</I> 11
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19519 <I>Architetto, &amp; $ue conditioni.</I> 12
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19520 <I>Arithmetica.</I> 14
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19521 <I>Architettura, &amp; $ua laude.</I> 21
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19522 <I>Architett ura di che &egrave; compo$ta.</I> 26
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19523 <I>Architettura, &amp; $ue parti.</I> 37
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19524 <I>Arte imita la natura, &amp; perche cau$a.</I> 37
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19525 <I>Archuettura, &amp; $ua diui$ione.</I> 37. <I>fin</I> 40
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19526 <I>Arthritis.</I> 57
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19527 <I>Arena.</I> 78
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19528 <I>Architraui, &amp; u$o loro nelle maniere areo$ti-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19529 le.</I> 129
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19530 <I>Areo$tylos.</I> 123
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19531 <I>Architraui, fregi, &amp; cornici in diuer$i gene-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19532 ri.</I> 146. <I>&amp; piu oltra.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19533 <I>Archi.</I> 207
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19534 <I>Armonia, &amp; di$cor$o $opra</I> 227 <I>&amp; piu oltre.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19535 <I>Armonico genere.</I> 229
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19536 <I>Ari$to$$eno ripre$o.</I> 231
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19537 <I>Ari$tippo filo$ofo, &amp; $ua laude.</I> 272
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19538 <I>Ari$tofane, &amp; $uo giudicio.</I> 307
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19539 <I>Argento, &amp; oro me$colato come $i proua.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19540 352.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19541 <I>Archimede, &amp; $ua inuentione.</I> 352
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19542 <I>Archita, &amp; $ua inuentione.</I> 355
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19543 <I>A$trologia nece$$aria all' Architetto.</I> 20
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19544 <I>A$petti cele$ti, &amp; di$cor$o $opra.</I> 23
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19545 <I>A$$e, &amp; $ua diui$ione.</I> 23
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19546 <I>A$plenon herba.</I> 43
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19547 <I>A$petti cele$ti.</I> 383
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19548 <I>Atrij.</I> 283. <I>fin</I> 291
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19549 <I>Augu$to.</I> 6
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19550 <I>Auertimenti.</I> 8. 21. 66. 97. 128. 132. 160
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
19551 179. 256. 257. <I>&amp; nel proemio del $e$to
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19552 libro.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19553 <I>Aule.</I> 283
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19554 <HEAD><I>B.</I></HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19555 <I>Bali$te.</I> 474
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19556 <I>Ba$e, &amp; $ue forme.</I> 142. 143. 144
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19557 <I>Ba$ilica.</I> 208
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19558 <I>Ba$iliche, &amp; $uoi compartimenti.</I> 214
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19559 <I>Ba$ilica fatta da Vitruuio a Fano.</I> 216
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19560 <I>Biancheggiamenti, &amp; intonicature, &amp; modo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19561 di farle.</I> 313.314
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19562 <I>Bori$thene fiume.</I> 331
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19563 <pb n="501">
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19564 <HEAD><I>C.</I></HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19565 <I>Cariacide.</I> 15
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19566 <I>Calce.</I> 79
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19567 <I>Camillo.</I> 136
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19568 <I>Capitelli di diuer$i generi.</I> 141.153.156.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19569 <I>Canalatura.</I> 160
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19570 <I>Capitello Corinthio.</I> 162
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19571 <I>Carcere.</I> 221.222
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19572 <I>Cauedi &amp; $ue maniere.</I> 282.283
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19573 <I>Catapulte.</I> 472
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19574 <I>Ceru$a.</I> 325
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19575 <I>Ceruleo colore.</I> 325
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19576 <I>Chri$ocolla.</I> 324
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19577 <I>Citt&agrave;, &amp; forma $ua $econdo Vitr.</I> 52
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19578 <I>Circoli cele$ti, &amp; loro inteligenza.</I> 367
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19579 <I>Circoli nece$$arij performare lo Analemma.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19580 403. <I>&amp; piu oltra.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19581 <I>Colliquie.</I> 283
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19582 <I>Corinthie $ale.</I> 293
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19583 <I>Color ceruleo.</I> 325
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19584 <I>Colchi fiume.</I> 331
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19585 <I>Cor$o del Sole per li</I> 12 <I>$egni.</I> 386
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19586 <I>Comparatione dell'arte, &amp; della i$perienza.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19587 45.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19588 <I>Conditioni dello. Architetto.</I> 12.13
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19589 <I>Commentarij che co$a $ono.</I> 13
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19590 <I>Conuenienza tra molte $cienze.</I> 22
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19591 <I>Compartimento.</I> 29.34
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19592 <I>Concorrenze di auanzar$inel fabricare.</I> 69
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19593 <I>Compo$itione di uarie maniere di Tempi.</I> 125.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19594 <I>fin</I> 129
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19595 <I>Colonne, &amp; $uoi ra$tremamenti, &amp; gonfiez-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
19596 za.</I> 133
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19597 <I>Colonne $opra le cantonate piu gro$$e.</I> 132
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19598 <I>Colonne, &amp; loro maniere, origini, &amp; inuentio
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19599 ni.</I> 162
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19600 <I>Colonne, &amp; loro ornamenti.</I> 166
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casties
parents:
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19601 <I>Con$onanze.</I> 231.240
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19602 <I>Conformatione del Theatro.</I> 247
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19603 <I>Colori naturali &amp; artificiali</I> 324
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19604 <I>Colori fatti per arte.</I> 324
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casties
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19605 <I>Con$tellationi dalla parte $ettentrionale</I> 391. <I>et
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19606 meridiana</I> 396
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19607 <I>Cono &amp; conica $uperficie.</I> 399
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19608 <I>Credulit&agrave;.</I> 3
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19609 <I>Cre$cimento delle arti.</I> 4.5
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19610 <I>Chromatico genere.</I> 229
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19611 <I>Creta $elinu$ia, &amp; annularia.</I> 326
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diff changeset
19612 <I>Cre$cerc, &amp; calare de i giorni &amp; $ua ragione.</I>
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diff changeset
19613 386.387
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19614 <I>Cte$ibio, &amp; $ue inuentioni.</I> 427
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19615 <I>Curia.</I> 227
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19616 <I>Cubo, &amp; $ua duplicatione.</I> 360
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19617 <I>De$crittione dello Apeunino.</I> 97.98
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19618 <I>Democrito, &amp; $ua opinione cerca gli
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diff changeset
19619 atomi.</I> 73
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19620 <I>Denario perfetto.</I> 102
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19621 <I>Dedicatione dell'opera.</I> 5
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19622 <I>Decoro.</I> 34.182
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19623 <I>Diffinitione dell'arte.</I> 3
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19624 <I>Di$cor$o, che cofa &egrave;.</I> 8
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19625 <I>Di$cor$o $opra l'arte.</I> 4
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19626 <I>Diui$ione de gli habiti.</I> 4
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diff changeset
19627 <I>Di$tintione delle arti.</I> 5
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19628 <I>Diffinitione dell' Architettura.</I> 7
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19629 <I>Diffinitione del $oggetto, &amp; che importi.</I> 8
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19630 <I>Di$cor$o &egrave; proprio dell'huomo.</I> 9
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diff changeset
19631 <I>Di$cor$o quando erra.</I> 9
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diff changeset
19632 <I>Diui$ione delle arti.</I> 11
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19633 <I>Di$egno.</I> 13
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19634 <I>Diui$ione della pro$pettiua.</I> 14
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19635 <I>Diui$ione della filo$ofia.</I> 18
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19636 <I>Diui$ione della Mu$ica.</I> 18
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19637 <I>Di$cor$o $opra gli a$petti cele$ti.</I> 23
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19638 <I>Di$putatione de i principij delle $cienze a chi
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19639 conuenga.</I> 25
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diff changeset
19640 <I>Diui$ione di tutta la forma dell' Architettura.</I>
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19641 27.
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19642 <I>Di$cor$o $opra l'ordine.</I> 28
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19643 <I>Di$po$itione.</I> 29. <I>idee, $orti</I> 29
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19644 <I>Diletto che co$a &egrave;.</I> 32
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19645 <I>Di$cor$o $opra la eurithmia.</I> 33
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19646 <I>Di$tributione, &amp; $uoi gradi.</I> 36
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19647 <I>Di$cor$o lungo $opra la diui$ione dell' Architet
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19648 tura.</I> 37.38.39.40
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19649 <I>Di$tributione delle opere publiche.</I> 40
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19650 <I>Di$cor$o $opra le co$e da e$$er con$iderate da
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19651 chi uuole fabricare una citt&agrave;.</I> 41.42
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19652 <I>Diui$ione dentro la citt&agrave;.</I> 54
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19653 <I>Di$cor$o $opra i uenti.</I> 54.55.56
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19654 <I>Di$cor$o $opra le colonne, &amp; altezze loro.</I> 140
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19655 <foot><I>TTT</I> 2</foot>
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19656 <pb n="502">
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19657 <I>Digre$$ione contra i mal dicenti.</I> 63
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19658 <I>Dinocrate Architetto, &amp; $ua inuentione.</I> 66
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19659 <I>Di$cor$o $opra i principij del uiuer humano, &amp;
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19660 del $abricare.</I> 69
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19661 <I>Di$cor$o $opra i principij delle co$e.</I> 73
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19662 <I>Di$cor$o $opra i mationi.</I> 74
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19663 <I>Di$cor$o $opra l'arena, &amp; la calce.</I> 78.
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19664 79.80
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19665 <I>Di$cor$o $opra le pietre.</I> 81.82
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19666 <I>Di$cor$o $opra il murare.</I> 83. <I>fin</I> 86
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19667 <I>Di$cor$o $opra le propriet&agrave; de gli alberi.</I> 89.
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19668 90
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19669 <I>Di$cor$o $opra le proportioni.</I> 97. <I>fin</I> 108
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19670 <I>Di$cor$o $opra le mi$ure</I> 108. <I>&amp; mi$ura del cor
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19671 po humano.</I> 109.110
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19672 <I>Dia$tylos.</I> 123
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19673 <I>Di$cor$o $opra'l fondare.</I> 134
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19674 <I>Diui$ione di quello $i contiene nel decimo libro</I>
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19675 439. <I>&amp; di$cor$o $opra la machinatione.</I>
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19676 <I>Diui$ione delle machine.</I> 443
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19677 <I>Di$cor$o $opra le fabriche con tutti gli ordini,
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19678 &amp; generi, $i de ba$amenti, ba$e, come di
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19679 colonne, capitelli, architraui, fregi, corni-
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19680 ci, &amp; fronti$pici da</I> 143. <I>fin</I> 157.
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19681 <I>Di$cor$o $opra i generi delle colonne.</I> 164.165
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19682 <I>Di$cor$o $opra'l tetto.</I> 167
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19683 <I>Di$tributione delle parti di dentro del Tempio.</I>
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19684 176. <I>fin</I> 182
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19685 <I>Di$cor$o $opra il foro.</I> 207
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19686 <I>Di$cor$o $opra'l Theatro.</I> 223. <I>fin</I> 226
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19687 <I>Di$cor$o di Mu$ica.</I> 227. <I>fin</I> 243
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19688 <I>Diatonico genere.</I> 229
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19689 <I>Ditono.</I> 232
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19690 <I>Die$i.</I> 232.233
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19691 <I>Di$cor$o $opra'l fabricare in acqua, &amp; de i por
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19692 ti.</I> 268.269
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19693 <I>Di$cor$o $opra l' Ar$enale de'Venetiani.</I> 270.
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19694 271.
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19695 <I>Di$cor$o $opra l'acque.</I> 271
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19696 <I>Di$cor$o $opra le qualit&agrave; de i pae$i.</I> 274
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19697 <I>Di$cor$o $opra le fabriche di uilla.</I> 298.299
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19698 <I>Di$cor$o $opra le uolte delle camere, &amp; incro$ta
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19699 ture de i muri.</I> 317.318
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19700 <I>Di$cor$o $opra la pittura.</I> 321
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19701 <I>Di$cor$o $opra la natura delle acque, inuentio-
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diff changeset
19702 ne, proua, liuello, condotta per tutto l'otta-
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diff changeset
19703 uo libro.</I>
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19704 <I>Di$cor$o $opra le $cale.</I> 350
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diff changeset
19705 <I>Di$cor$o $opra le due medie proportionali.</I> 355.
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diff changeset
19706 <I>&amp; piu oltre.</I>
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diff changeset
19707 <I>Di$cor$o $opra'l cielo, &amp; $uoi mouimenti.</I> 367
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diff changeset
19708 <I>fin</I> 385
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diff changeset
19709 <I>Di$cor$o $opra i $egni cele$ti.</I> 388
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diff changeset
19710 <I>Di$cor$o $opra i tagli delle $operficie coniche.</I>
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diff changeset
19711 399
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diff changeset
19712 <I>Di$cor$i $opra gli Analemmi.</I> 403
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diff changeset
19713 <I>Dorico genere &amp; $ua ragione.</I> 171. <I>fin</I> 175
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diff changeset
19714 <I>Due $orti di i$perienza.</I> 4
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diff changeset
19715 <I>Dubio, &amp; $olutione.</I> 10
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diff changeset
19716 <I>Dubio, &amp; $olutione.</I> 21
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diff changeset
19717 <I>Duplicatione del cubo.</I> 360
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diff changeset
19718 <I>Di$cor$i $opra la Gnomonica.</I> 366
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diff changeset
19719 <HEAD><I>E.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
19720 <I>Edifitatione che co$a &egrave;.</I> 33
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diff changeset
19721 <I>Edificij ru$ticali.</I> 297
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diff changeset
19722 <I>Edificij priuati alla Creca</I> 300
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diff changeset
19723 <I>Egittie $ale.</I> 293
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diff changeset
19724 <I>Elettione de i luoghi $ani.</I> 41
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diff changeset
19725 <I>Elettione de i luoghi all'u$o della citt&agrave;.</I> 64
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diff changeset
19726 <I>Eli$$e linea.</I> 399
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diff changeset
19727 <I>Endego.</I> 326
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diff changeset
19728 <I>Epigrammi $opra fonti.</I> 339
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diff changeset
19729 <I>Erato$tene</I> 61. <I>&amp; $ua inuentione.</I> 354
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diff changeset
19730 <I>Erario.</I> 220
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diff changeset
19731 <I>E$ortatione all'Architettura.</I> 303
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diff changeset
19732 <I>E$$edre.</I> 292
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diff changeset
19733 <I>E$ortatione alla uirtu nel proemio del $e$to.</I>
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diff changeset
19734 <I>Eurithmia che co$a &egrave;.</I> 33
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diff changeset
19735 <I>Eusttylos</I> 123
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diff changeset
19736 <I>Eufrate fiume.</I> 331
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diff changeset
19737 <HEAD><I>F.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
19738 <I>Fabrica che co$a &egrave;.</I> 8
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19739 <I>Fabro nome generale.</I> 40.70
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
19740 <I>Fabricare, principij, &amp; cre$cimenti delle
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19741 fabriche.</I> 68
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
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diff changeset
19742 <I>Fabriche di uilla.</I> 297
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
19743 <I>Fabriche priuate.</I> 277. <I>fin</I> 294
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19744 <I>Fabriche alla Greca.</I> 300
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19745 <I>Fermezza, &amp; fondameuto delle fabriche.</I> 304
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19746 <I>Fine &amp; $ua notitia, &amp; diffinitione, &amp; di$cor$o.</I> 9
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19747 <I>Filo$ofia nece$$aria allo Architetto, &amp; diui$io
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19748 ne.</I> 18
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parents:
diff changeset
19749 <pb n="503">
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
19750 <I>Fini delle opere di due maniere.</I> 27
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19751 <I>Fondationi.</I> 134
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19752 <I>Forma prima che la materia</I> 9
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19753 <I>Fortificatione.</I> 44. <I>fin</I> 46
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diff changeset
19754 <I>Fo$$a della citt&agrave;.</I> 47
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diff changeset
19755 <I>Foro &amp; $uo compartimento.</I> 207. <I>fin</I> 209
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diff changeset
19756 <I>Fonti di diuer$e nature.</I> 339
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19757 <HEAD><I>G.</I></HEAD>
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19758 <I>Cange fiume.</I> 331
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parents:
diff changeset
19759 <I>Geometria.</I> 13
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
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19760 <I>Generi mu$icali.</I> 229
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19761 <I>Generi di mu$ica.</I> 239.240
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
19762 <I>Giudicio de i poeti d' Ari$tofane.</I> 307
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19763 <I>Gioue, &amp; $uo mouimento.</I> 383
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parents:
diff changeset
19764 <I>Gnomonica che co$a &egrave;.</I> 37.398
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19765 <I>Gnomone, &amp; $ua ragione.</I> 366
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parents:
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19766 <I>Gradi, &amp; lor mi$ure.</I> 136
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
19767 <I>Gradi del Theatro.</I> 225
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parents:
diff changeset
19768 <I>Graduatione del Theatro.</I> 252
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parents:
diff changeset
19769 <I>Grotte$che ripre$e da Vitr.</I> 320
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diff changeset
19770 <HEAD><I>H.</I></HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
19771 <I>Habito che co$a &egrave;, &amp; come s'acqui$ti, &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
19772 come $i diuida.</I> 2.3
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
19773 <I>Habiti dello intelleto, &amp; della uolon-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
19774 t&agrave;.</I> 3
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
19775 <I>Hercole, &amp; lo $tadio, &amp; la $tatura $ua.</I> 34
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19776 <I>Hi$gino.</I> 326
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19777 <I>Horologi, &amp; loro ragioni.</I> 398. <I>fin</I> 434
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parents:
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19778 <I>Hyperbole, &amp; $uo taglio.</I> 400
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19779 <I>Horologi da acqua.</I> 427. <I>fin</I> 434
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19780 <HEAD><I>I.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
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19781 <I>Ichnografia.</I> 30
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19782 <I>Idee della di$po$itione.</I> 29. <I>fin</I> 32
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parents:
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19783 <I>Ignoranza di mala di$po$itione.</I> 3
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diff changeset
19784 <I>Impi&egrave;.</I> 30
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19785 <I>Impluuio.</I> 283
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19786 <I>Intelletto.</I> 3
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parents:
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19787 <I>Intendimento.</I> 3
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19788 <I>Infirmit&agrave; cau$ate da uenti.</I> 56
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19789 <I>Inuentione, che co$a &egrave;.</I> 32
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19790 <I>Inuentione de Cte$ifonte per condurre pe$i.</I> 450
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19791 <I>Interpen$iua.</I> 283
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19792 <I>In$trumento &amp; Machina differente.</I> 442
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parents:
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19793 <I>In$trumenti da liuellar acque.</I> 342.343
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parents:
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19794 <I>In$trumenti di ritrouare le linee proportionali.</I>
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19795 356
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parents:
diff changeset
19796 <I>I$perienza, che co$a &egrave;, onde na$ce, &amp; a che
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diff changeset
19797 $erue, &amp; di quante maniere $ia, &amp; come $ia
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19798 differente dall'arte.</I> 4
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19799 <I>I$toria nece$$aria all' Architetto.</I>
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19800 <I>I$cu$atione di Vitr.</I> 25
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19801 <I>I$toria delle origini delle colonne.</I> 163
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19802 <I>I$toria delle cariacide, &amp; per$iani.</I> 15
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19803 <HEAD><I>L.</I></HEAD>
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19804 <I>Legge po$ta in Ephe$o a gli Architetti.</I>
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19805 438
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19806 <I>Legnami &amp; di$cor$o $opra.</I> 89
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19807 <I>Librerie.</I> 292
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19808 <I>Liuelle d'acqua.</I> 342
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19809 <I>Linee proportionali, &amp; loro inuentioni.</I> 355
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19810 <I>Linee piegate dette concoide, &amp; loro proprie-
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19811 t&agrave;.</I> 362
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19812 <I>Linea del uero luogo, &amp; dell'apparenza.</I> 271
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19813 <I>Luoghi priuati, &amp; communi ne gli edificij.</I>
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19814 296
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19815 <HEAD><I>M.</I></HEAD>
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19816 <I>Marmi del Tempio di Diana come$ono
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19817 $tati ritrouati.</I> 451
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19818 <I>Machina</I> 442. <I>&amp; diui$ione delle ma
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19819 chine</I> 443. <I>&amp; di$cor$i.</I>
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19820 <I>Machinatione</I> 37. <I>&amp; di$cor$o $opra.</I> 441.
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19821 442
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19822 <I>Ma$$ime.</I> 3
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19823 <I>Materia.</I> 9
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19824 <I>Maniere di Tempij.</I> 115
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19825 <I>Mathematice principali, &amp; $otto principali &amp;
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19826 $oggetto loro.</I> 13
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19827 <I>Mattoni, &amp; di$cor$i $opra.</I> 74.75
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19828 <I>Marmo, &amp; $uo apparecchio per incro$tare i
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19829 muri.</I> 322
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19830 <I>Marte &amp; $uo cor$o.</I> 385
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19831 <I>Mezo &amp; $ue propriet&agrave;, &amp; officio.</I> 9.10
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19832 <I>Medicina nece$$aria allo Architetto.</I> 19
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19833 <I>Meridiana linea, &amp; $ua inuentione.</I> 58
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19834 <I>Me$olabio.</I> 354
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19835 <I>Mi$ura della terra $econdo Eratho$tene.</I> 61
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19836 <pb n="504">
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19837 <I>Mi$ura del corpo bumauo.</I> 109
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19838 <I>Mi$ure del Theatro.</I> 222. <I>&amp; piu oltre</I>
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19839 <I>Mi$ure de gli edifici priuati.</I> 277
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19840 <I>Minio, &amp; $ua muentione, u$o, &amp; tempra.</I> 323
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19841 <I>Monocordo.</I> 231
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19842 <I>Modi di condurre acque.</I> 343
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19843 <I>Modo di mi$urar terreno trouato da Platone.</I>
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19844 348
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19845 <I>Modo di cono$cer l'oro me$colato con l'argen-
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19846 to.</I> 352
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19847 <I>Mondo che co$a&egrave;.</I> 367
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19848 <I>Mouimento dritto, &amp; circolare.</I> 452
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19849 <I>Muraglia della citt&agrave;, &amp; forma.</I> 47. <I>fin</I> 53
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19850 <I>Murare modi. &amp; qualit&agrave; di murare.</I> 83.
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19851 <I>fin</I> 88
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19852 <I>Mu$ica nece$$aria all' Architetto.</I> 18
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19853 <HEAD><I>N.</I></HEAD>
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19854 <I>Na$cimento delle Arti.</I> 4.5
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19855 <I>Natura diuina di chi troua da $e.</I> 11
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19856 <I>Nicolo zeno.</I> 271
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19857 <I>Nilo.</I> 331
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19858 <I>Numero, &amp; numero perfetto.</I> 112
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19859 <I>Numero cubo, &amp; di$cor$o $opra.</I> 205
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19860 <HEAD><I>O.</I></HEAD>
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19861 <I>Ocrea.</I> 322
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19862 <I>Opinione.</I> 3
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19863 <I>Opera, &amp; operatione $ono differenti.</I>
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19864 7.8
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19865 <I>Oppidum.</I> 65
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19866 <I>Opinione de i filo$o$i cerca i principij delle co-
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19867 $e.</I> 327
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19868 <I>Ordine che co$a &egrave;. &amp; di$cor$o $opra.</I> 26
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19869 <I>fin</I> 28
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19870 <I>Orthographia.</I> 30
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19871 <I>Ordine del $econdo libro di Vitruuio.</I> 71
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19872 <I>Ordinatione de i tetracordi.</I> 233
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19873 <I>Orche$tra.</I> 247.252
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19874 <I>Orti &amp; occa$i, &amp; apparenze delle $telle.</I> 381
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19875 <I>Or$a maggiore &amp; minore.</I> 394
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19876 <I>O$tro.</I> 325
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19877 <HEAD><I>P.</I></HEAD>
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19878 <I>Paconio ripre$o di temerit&agrave;.</I> 451
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19879 <I>Pau$ania.</I> 16
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19880 <I>Parti del cielo doue deono guardare gli
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19881 cdificij.</I> 295
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19882 <I>Pauimenti, &amp; modi di farli.</I> 310.311
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19883 <I>Paretonio.</I> 322
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19884 <I>Parabole &amp; $uo taglio.</I> 400
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19885 <I>Petraie &amp; di$cor$o $opra le pietre.</I>
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19886 <I>Pen$amento che co$a &egrave;.</I> 32
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19887 <I>Petraia de i marmi del Tempio di Diana.</I> 451
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19888 <I>Per$iani prigioni &amp; i$toria loro.</I> 15
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19889 <I>Peripteros.</I> 115
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19890 <I>Pha$i fiume.</I> 331
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19891 <I>Pittura &amp; $coltura.</I> 11
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19892 <I>Pithio Architetto, ripre$o da Vitr.</I> 22
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19893 <I>Pianta che co$a &egrave;.</I> 30
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19894 <I>Picao$tylos.</I> 123
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19895 <I>Piedistali.</I> 136
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diff changeset
19896 <I>Pithagora, &amp; $uoi precetti in numero cubo.</I>
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diff changeset
19897 205.206
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diff changeset
19898 <I>Pittura ne gli edificij. &amp; pittori.</I> 319.320
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19899 <I>Pianeti, &amp; loro caratteri, &amp; mouimenti.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19900 371
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diff changeset
19901 <I>Pleuritide.</I> 57
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diff changeset
19902 <I>P&ograve; fiume.</I> 331
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19903 <I>Poli, &amp; cardini del mondo.</I> 367
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diff changeset
19904 <I>Politure ne i luoghi humidi.</I> 318
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19905 <I>Porti, &amp; fabriche in acqua.</I> 268
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19906 <I>Po$$ibilit&agrave; di po$$edere molte $cienze.</I> 22
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diff changeset
19907 <I>Porte della citt&agrave;.</I> 47
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19908 <I>Pozzolana.</I> 80
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19909 <I>Poggio.</I> 136
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19910 <I>Porte, &amp; $ue ragioni.</I> 182. <I>fin</I> 191
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19911 <I>Portico del Theatro.</I> 252
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19912 <I>Poggio del Theatro.</I> 255
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diff changeset
19913 <I>Proemio in Vitr.</I> 2
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diff changeset
19914 <I>Precetto dell'arte, &amp; $ue conditioni.</I> 8
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19915 <I>Prime notitie.</I> 3
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19916 <I>Principio.</I> 9
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19917 <I>Pro$pettiua.</I> 14
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19918 <I>Principij delle $cienze.</I> 25
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19919 <I>Proportione.</I> 28
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19920 <I>Profilo quanto importi all'Architetto.</I> 30
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19921 <I>Principij del uiuer humano, &amp; del fabricare.</I>
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19922 68
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diff changeset
19923 <pb n="505">
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diff changeset
19924 <I>Principij delle co$e $econdo ifilo$ofi.</I> 72
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19925 <I>Proportione &amp; di$cor$o $opra.</I> 97 <I>fin</I> 108
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19926 <I>Pro$tylos.</I> 115
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19927 <I>Proportione delle con$onanze.</I> 241
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19928 <I>Priuati edificij &amp; lor mi$ure.</I> 277
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19929 <I>Proprij, &amp; communi luoghi ne gli edificij.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19930 296
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19931 <I>Proemio del nono libro da e$$er letto.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19932 <I>Prudenza.</I> 3
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19933 <I>P$eudodipteros.</I> 120
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19934 <I>Ptolomeo, $ua libraria, &amp; giudicio.</I> 307
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19935 <I>Purpura, &amp; u$o $uo.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19936 <HEAD><I>Q.</I></HEAD>
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diff changeset
19937 <I>Qvalit&agrave; &amp; temperamento della regione.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19938 41
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19939 <I>Que$tioni delle mecaniche.</I> 453.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19940 <I>fin</I> 456
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19941 <HEAD><I>R.</I></HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19942 <I>Ragione che co$a &egrave;.</I> 13
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19943 <I>Ragione ciuile nece$$aria all' Architet
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19944 to.</I> 19
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19945 <I>Raccommunanza delle $cienze.</I> 22
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19946 <I>Reno fiume.</I> 331
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19947 <I>Regione, &amp; qualit&agrave; $ue.</I> 41
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19948 <I>Relatione.</I> 26
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19949 <I>Roma, &amp; laude $ua ri$petto al clima.</I> 276
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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diff changeset
19950 <I>Rodano fiume.</I> 331
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19951 <HEAD><I>S.</I></HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19952 <I>Sapienza.</I> 3
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19953 <I>Sale Corinthie, &amp; Egittie.</I> 293
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19954 <I>Sale all'u$anza Greca.</I> 294
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19955 <I>Scienza.</I> 3
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19956 <I>Scoltura, &amp; pittura.</I> 11
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19957 <I>Scienze, &amp; raccommunanza loro.</I> 22
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19958 <I>Sciographia.</I> 31
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19959 <I>Scamillo.</I> 136
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19960 <I>Scale del Theatro.</I> 228
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19961 <I>Scala nel canto.</I> 229
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
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19962 <I>Scrittori d' Architettura, &amp; di pro$pettiua.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
19963 308.309
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
19964 <I>Scale.</I> 350
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19965 <I>Scorpioni.</I> 472
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19966 <I>Seguo del $apere.</I> 4
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19967 <I>Seguo.</I> 11
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19968 <I>Senario numero perfetto, &amp; perche.</I> 112
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19969 <I>Semituono maggiore, &amp; minore.</I> 232
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19970 <I>Se$ta maggiore, &amp; minore.</I> 232
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19971 <I>Segni cele$ti, nomi, &amp; figure loro.</I> 386
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19972 <I>Sectioni, &amp; tagli delle $operficie coniche.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19973 399.400
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19974 <I>Significare, &amp; e$$er $ignificato.</I> 11
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19975 <I>Simmetria.</I> 29
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19976 <I>Si$tilos.</I> 123
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19977 <I>Sinape.</I> 322
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19978 <I>Sil Attico.</I> 326
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19979 <I>So$petto, o $o$pittione.</I> 3
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19980 <I>Soggetto delle $cienze qu&atilde;to importa che $ia be
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19981 ne diffinito.</I> 8
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19982 <I>Solertia che co$a &egrave;.</I> 10
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19983 <I>Soggetto delle mathematiche.</I> 13
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19984 <I>Socrate giudicato $apienti$$imo dall'oraculo.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19985 95
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19986 <I>Sole, &amp; $uo cor$o per i $egni.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19987 <I>Squadra inuentione di Pithagora.</I> 340
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19988 <I>Stereobati.</I> 134
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diff changeset
19989 <I>Stilobati.</I> 134
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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19990 <I>Strix $trie.</I> 160
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19991 <I>Stanze.</I> 292
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19992 <I>Stratagemi.</I> 480.481
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19993 <I>Suoni che dilettano, &amp; non $ono con$onanze.</I>
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19994 232
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19995 <HEAD><I>T.</I></HEAD>
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19996 <I>Tablino.</I> 288. <I>fin</I> 291
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19997 <I>Tanai fiume.</I> 331
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19998 <I>Tauola de i mouimenti de i cieli.</I> 373
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19999 <I>Tauola delle longhezze de i giorni.</I> 390
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20000 <I>Tempi, &amp; $uoi principij, &amp; maniere.</I> 114
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20001 <I>fin</I> 130
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20002 <I>Tempio $coperto detto hypethros.</I> 115
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20003 <I>Tetto, &amp; $ua ragione.</I> 167
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20004 <I>Tempij To$cani, &amp; loro ragione.</I> 192
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20005 <I>Tertiarium o terzera.</I> 193
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20006 <I>Tempij ritondi.</I> 197
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20007 <I>Tetracordi.</I> 230
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20008 <I>Terza maggiore, &amp; minor&egrave;.</I> 232
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20009 <I>Terrazzi.</I> 310
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20010 <I>Theatro.</I> 223. <I>fin</I> 257
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20011 <I>Theatri di Scauro, &amp; di Curione.</I> 225
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20012 <pb n="506">
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20013 <I>Theatro de i Greci.</I> 257
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20014 <I>Theophra$to.</I> 272
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20015 <I>Te$tuggine per le fo$$e.</I> 478
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20016 <I>Tigri fiume.</I> 331
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20017 <I>Timauo fiume.</I> 331
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20018 <I>Torri, &amp; forme loro.</I> 46. <I>fin</I> 49
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20019 <I>Tramontana.</I> 394
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20020 <I>Triglifo, &amp; $uaragione.</I> 169
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20021 <I>Traui, &amp; $uoi ligamenti.</I> 194
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20022 <I>Triemitonio.</I> 232
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20023 <I>Triclinij.</I> 292
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20024 <I>Tuono.</I> 231
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20025 <HEAD><I>V.</I></HEAD>
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20026 <I>Va$i$onori del Theatro.</I> 243
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20027 <I>Vero nece$$ario contingente.</I> 3
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20028 <I>Venti &amp; di$cor$o $opra.</I> 52. <I>fin</I> 65
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20029 <I>Ve$tigi de gli hnomi ni quali $ono.</I> 274
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20030 <I>Verde rame.</I> 325
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20031 <I>Ver$i delle meteore.</I> 333
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20032 <I>Vita di Vitruuio.</I> 1
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20033 <I>Vitruuio &amp; $ua lode.</I> 12
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20034 <I>Virtu che di$corre.</I> 9
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20035 <I>Virtu delle pietre.</I> 9
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20036 <I>Volte, &amp; incro$tature de muri, &amp; modi di uolta
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20037 re.</I> 314.315
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20038 <I>V$o di due maniere.</I> 9
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20039 <I>Vtilit&agrave;.</I> 9
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20040 <HEAD><I>Z.</I></HEAD>
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20041 <I>ZOILO, &amp; $ua pena.</I> 308
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20042 <HEAD><I>A carte 271. linee 30. oue dice, porta uia poco terreno, uuol dire, porta uia pin terrene.</I></HEAD>
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20043 <HEAD><I>IL FINE.</I></HEAD>