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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<archimedes xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" >      <info>
	<author>Epicurus</author>
	<title>Varia</title>
	<date>1566</date>
	<place>Antwerp</place>
	<translator></translator>
	<lang>el</lang>
	<cvs_file>epicu_physi_104_el_1566.xml</cvs_file>
	<cvs_version></cvs_version>
	<comments>From Gifanius&#039; 1566 edition of Lucretius lucre_natur_079_la_1566.xml; the letter to Herodotus; a canon of Epicurus; and the letter to Pythocles</comments>
	<locator>104.xml</locator>
</info>      <text>          <front>          </front>          <body>
<chap>
<pb pagenum="235"></pb>
<p><s>Ἐπίκουρος Ἡροδότῳ χαίρειν. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Τοῖς μὴ δυναμένοις, ὦ Ἡρόδοτε, ἕκα<lb></lb>στα τῶν περὶ φύσεως ἡμῖν
ἀναγεγραμ<lb></lb>μένων ἐξακριβοῦν μηδὲ τὰς μείζους <lb></lb>τῶν συντε
ταγμένων βίβλους διαθρεῖν, ἐπιτομὴν <lb></lb>τῆς ὅλης πραγματείας εἰς
τὸ κατασχεῖν τῶν ὁλο<lb></lb>σχερωτάτων δοξῶν τὴν μνήμην ἱκανῶς αὐτοῖς <lb></lb>παρεσκεύασα, ἵνα παρ&#039; ἑκάστους τῶν καιρῶν ἐν τοῖς <lb></lb>κυριωτάτοις βοηθεῖν αὑτοῖς δύνωνται, καθ&#039; ὅσον <lb></lb>ἂν ἐφάπτωνται τῆς περὶ φύσεως θεωρίας. </s>
<s>καὶ τοὺς <lb></lb>προβεβηκότας δὲ ἱκανῶς ἐν τῇ τῶν ὅλων ἐπιβλε<lb></lb>́ψει τὸν τύπον τῆς ὅλης πραγματείας τὸν κατε<lb></lb>
στοιχειωμένον δεῖ μνημονεύειν· τῆς γὰρ ἀθρόας ἐπι<lb></lb>βολῆς πυκνὸν δεόμεθα, τῆς δὲ κατὰ μέρος οὐχ <lb></lb>ὁμοίως. </s>
<s>βαδιστέον μὲν οὖν καὶ ἐπ&#039; ἐκεῖνα συνε<lb></lb>χῶς, ἐν τῇ μνήμῃ. </s>
<s>τοσοῦτο ποιητέον, ἀφ&#039;οὗ ἥ τε <lb></lb>
κυριωτάτη ἐπιβολὴ ἐπὶ τὰ πράγματα ἔσται καὶ <lb></lb>δὴ καὶ τὸ κατὰ μέρος ἀκρίβωμα πᾶν ἐξευρήσε<lb></lb>ται, τῶν ὁλοσχερωτάτων τυ<lb></lb>πων εὖ περιειλημμε<lb></lb>́νων καὶ μνημονευομένων. </s>
<s>ἐπεὶ καὶ τῷ τετελεσιουργη<lb></lb>μένῳ τοῦτο κυριώτατον τοῦ παντὸς ἀκριβώματος γίνε<lb></lb>
ται, τὸ ταῖς ἐπιβολαῖς ὀξέως δύνασθαι καὶ πρὸς <lb></lb>ἁπλᾶ στοιχειώματα καὶ φωνὰς συναγομένων. </s>
<s>οὐ <lb></lb>γὰρ οἷόν τε τὸ πύκνωμα τῆς συνεχοῦς τῶν ὅλων περι<lb></lb>οδείας εἶναι μὴ δυναμένου διὰ βραχεῶν φωνῶν <lb></lb>ἅπαν ἐμπεριλαβεῖν ἐν αὑτῷ τὸ κατὰ μέρος ἂν <lb></lb>ἐξακριβωθέν. </s>
<s>ὅθεν δὴ πᾶσι χρησίμης οὔσης τοῖς <lb></lb> ᾠκειωμένοις φυσιολογίᾳ, τῆς τοιαύτης
ὁδοῦ, παρ<pb pagenum="236"></pb>εγγυῶν τὸ συνεχὲς ἐνέργημα ἐν φυσιολογίᾳ καὶ τοιούτῳ <lb></lb>
μάλιστα ἐγγαληνίζον τῷ βίῳ ποιήσασθαι, καὶ τοιαύτην τινὰ ἐπι<lb></lb>
τομὴν &lt;συνέθηκα&gt; καὶ στοιχείωσιν τῶν ὅλων δοξῶν. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Πρῶτον μὲν οὖν τὰ ὑποτεταγμένα τοῖς φθόγγοις, ὦ Ἡρόδο<lb></lb>
τε, δεῖ εἰληφέναι, ὅπως ἂν τὰ δοξαζόμενα ἢ ζητούμενα ἢ ἀπο<lb></lb>
ρούμενα ἔχωμεν εἰς ταῦτα ἀναγαγόντες ἐπικρίνειν, καὶ μὴ ἄκρι<lb></lb>
τα πάντα ἡμῖν &lt;ᾖ&gt; εἰς ἄπειρον ἀποδεικνύουσιν ἢ κενοὺς φθόγ<lb></lb>
γους ἔχωμεν· <lb></lb>
ἀνάγκη γὰρ τὸ πρῶτον ἐννόημα καθ&#039; ἕκαστον <lb></lb>
φθόγγον βλέπεσθαι καὶ μηθὲν ἀποδείξεως προσδεῖσθαι, εἴπερ <lb></lb>
ἕξομεν τὸ ζητούμενον ἢ ἀπορούμενον καὶ δοξαζόμενον ἐφ&#039; ὃ ἀνά<lb></lb>
ξομεν. </s><s>Εἶτα κατὰ τὰς αἰσθήσεις δεῖ πάντα τηρεῖν καὶ ἁπλῶς τὰς <lb></lb>
παρούσας ἐπιβολὰς εἴτε διανοίας εἴθ&#039; ὅτου δήποτε τῶν κριτηρίων, <lb></lb>
ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὰ ὑπάρχοντα πάθη, ὅπως ἂν καὶ τὸ προσμένον <lb></lb>
καὶ τὸ ἄδηλον ἔχωμεν οἷς σημειωσόμεθα, ταῦτα δὲ διαλαβόντας <lb></lb>
συνορᾶν ἤδη περὶ τῶν ἀδήλων. </s><s>Πρῶτον μὲν ὅτι οὐδὲν γίνεται ἐκ <lb></lb>
τοῦ μὴ ὄντος· πᾶν γὰρ ἐκ παντὸς ἐγίνετ&#039; ἂν σπερμάτων γε οὐθὲν <lb></lb>
προσδεόμενον. </s><s><lb></lb>
καὶ εἰ ἐφθείρετο δὲ τὸ ἀφανιζόμενον εἰς τὸ μὴ <lb></lb>
ὄν, πάντα ἂν ἀπωλώλει τὰ πράγματα, οὐκ ὄντων τῶν εἰς ἃ διε <lb></lb>
λύετο. </s><s>Καὶ μὴν καὶ τὸ πᾶν ἀεὶ τοιοῦτον ἦν οἷον νῦν ἐστι, καὶ ἀεὶ <lb></lb>
τοιοῦτον ἔσται. </s><s>οὐθὲν γάρ ἐστιν εἰς ὃ μεταβαλεῖ. </s><s>παρὰ γὰρ τὸ <lb></lb>
πᾶν οὐθέν ἐστιν, ὃ ἂν εἰσελθὸν εἰς αὐτὸ τὴν μεταβολὴν ποιή<lb></lb>
σαιτο. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ ̔τοῦτο καὶ ἐν τῇ Μεγάλῃ ἐπιτομῇ <lb></lb>
φησι κατ&#039; ἀρχήν, καὶ ἐν τῇ &lt;α&gt; </s><s>Περὶ φύσεωσ̓ τὸ πᾶν ἐστι <lb></lb>
&lt;σώματα καὶ κενόν&gt;. </s><s>σώματα μὲν γὰρ ὡς ἔστιν, αὐτὴ ἡ αἴσθη<lb></lb>
σις ἐπὶ πάντων μαρ<pb pagenum="237"></pb>τυρεῖ, καθ&#039; ἥν ἀναγκαῖον τὸ ἄδηλον τῷ λογι<lb></lb>
σμῷ τεκμαίρεσθαι, ὥσπερ προεῖπον τὸ πρόσθεν. </s><s><lb></lb>
εἰ &lt;δὲ&gt; μὴ ἦν <lb></lb>
ὃ κενὸν καὶ χώραν καὶ ἀναφῆ φύσιν ὀνομάζομεν, οὐκ ἂν εἶχε τὰ <lb></lb>
σώματα ὅπου ἦν οὐδὲ δι&#039; οὗ ἐκινεῖτο, καθάπερ φαίνεται κινού<lb></lb>
μενα· παρὰ δὲ ταῦτα οὐθὲν οὐδ&#039; ἐπινοηθῆναι δύναται οὔτε περι<lb></lb>
ληπτῶς οὐτ&#039; ἀναλόγως τοῖς περιληπτοῖς, ὡς καθ&#039; ὅλας φύσεις <lb></lb>
λαμβανόμενα καὶ μὴ ὡς τὰ τούτων συμπτώματα ἢ συμβεβηκότα <lb></lb>
λεγόμενα. </s><s>Καὶ μὴν καὶ τῶν ̔τοῦτο καὶ ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ <lb></lb>
Περὶ φύσεως καὶ ἐν τῇ &lt;ι&gt; </s><s>&lt;δ&gt; </s><s>καὶ &lt;ι&gt; </s><s>&lt;ε&gt; </s><s>καὶ <lb></lb>
τῇ Μεγάλῃ ἐπιτομῇ̓ σωμάτων τὰ μέν ἐστι συγκρίσεις τὰ δ&#039; ἐξ <lb></lb>
ὧν αἱ συγκρίσεις πεποίηνται· <lb></lb>
ταῦτα δέ ἐστιν ἄτομα καὶ ἀμετά<lb></lb>
βλητα, εἴπερ μὴ μέλλει πάντα εἰς τὸ μὴ ὂν φθαρήσεσθαι, ἀλλ&#039; <lb></lb>
ἰσχύοντα ὑπομενεῖν ἐν ταῖς διαλύσεσι τῶν συγκρίσεων πλήρη <lb></lb>
τὴν φύσιν ὄντα καὶ οὐκ ἔχοντα ὅπῃ ἢ ὅπως διαλυθήσεται. </s><s>ὥστε <lb></lb>
τὰς ἀρχὰς ἀτόμους ἀναγκαῖον εἶναι σωμάτων φύσεις. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ τὸ πᾶν ἄπειρόν ἐστι· τὸ γὰρ πεπερασμένον <lb></lb>
ἄκρον ἔχει· τὸ δὲ ἄκρον παρ&#039; ἕτερόν τι θεωρεῖται· &lt;ἀλλὰ μὴν τὸ <lb></lb>
πᾶν οὐ παρ&#039; ἕτερόν τι θεωρεῖται·&gt; ὥστε οὐκ ἔχον ἄκρον πέρας <lb></lb>
οὐκ ἔχει· πέρας δὲ οὐκ ἔχον ἄπειρον ἂν εἴη καὶ οὐ πεπερασμένον.  <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Καὶ μὴν καὶ τῷ πλήθει τῶν σωμάτων ἄπειρόν ἐστι τὸ πᾶν <lb></lb>
καὶ τῷ μεγέθει τοῦ κενοῦ· <lb></lb>
εἴ τε γὰρ ἦν τὸ κενὸν ἄπειρον, τὰ <lb></lb>
δὲ σώματα ὡρισμένα, οὐθαμοῦ ἂν ἔμενε τὰ σώματα, ἀλλ&#039; ἐφέ<lb></lb>
ρετο κατὰ τὸ ἄπειρον κενὸν διεσπαρμένα, οὐκ ἔχοντα τὰ ὑπε<lb></lb>
ρείδον<pb pagenum="238"></pb>τα καὶ στέλλοντα κατὰ τὰς ἀνακοπάς· εἴ τε τὸ κενὸν ἦν <lb></lb>
ὡρισμένον, οὐκ ἂν εἶχε τὰ ἄπειρα σώματα ὅπου ἐνέστη. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Πρός τε τούτοις τὰ ἄτομα τῶν σωμάτων καὶ μεστά, ἐξ ὧν <lb></lb>
καὶ αἱ συγκρίσεις γίνονται καὶ εἰς ἃ διαλύονται, ἀπερίληπτά ἐστι <lb></lb>
ταῖς διαφοραῖς τῶν σχημάτων· οὐ γὰρ δυνατὸν γενέσθαι τὰς <lb></lb>
τοσαύτας διαφορὰς ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν σχημάτων περιειλημμένων. </s><s><lb></lb>
καὶ καθ&#039; ἑκάστην δὲ σχημάτισιν ἁπλῶς ἄπειροί εἰσιν αἱ ὅμοιαι, <lb></lb>
ταῖς δὲ διαφοραῖς οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἄπειροι, ἀλλὰ μόνον ἀπερίληπτοι, <lb></lb>
̔οὐδὲ γάρ φησιν ἐνδοτέρω εἰς ἄπειρον τὴν τομὴν τυγχάνειν. </s><s><lb></lb>
λέγει δέ, ἐπειδὴ αἱ ποιότητες μεταβάλλονταἰ εἰ μέλλει τις μὴ <lb></lb>
καὶ τοῖς μεγέθεσιν ἁπλῶς εἰς ἄπειρον αὐτὰς ἐκβάλλειν. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Κινοῦνταί τε συνεχῶς αἱ ἄτομοι ̔φησὶ δὲ ἐνδοτέρω καὶ ἰσο<lb></lb>
ταχῶς αὐτὰς κινεῖσθαι τοῦ κενοῦ τὴν εἶξιν ὁμοίαν παρεχομένου <lb></lb>
καὶ τῇ κουφοτάτῃ καὶ τῇ βαρυτάτᾐ τὸν αἰῶνα, καὶ αἱ μὲν εἰς <lb></lb>
μακρὰν ἀπ&#039; ἀλλήλων διιστάμεναι, αἱ δὲ αὐτοῦ τὸν παλμὸν ἴσχυ<lb></lb>
σαι, ὅταν τύχωσι τῇ περιπλοκῇ κεκλειμέναι ἢ στεγαζόμεναι <lb></lb>
παρὰ τῶν πλεκτικῶν. </s><s><lb></lb>
ἥ τε γὰρ τοῦ κενοῦ φύσις ἡ διορίζουσα <lb></lb>
ἑκάστην αὐτὴν τοῦτο παρασκευάζει, τὴν ὑπέρεισιν οὐχ οἵα τε <lb></lb>
οὖσα ποιεῖσθαι· ἥ τε στερεότης ἡ ὑπάρχουσα αὐταῖς κατὰ τὴν <lb></lb>
σύγκρουσιν τὸν ἀποπαλμὸν ποιεῖ, ἐφ&#039; ὁπόσον ἂν ἡ περιπλοκὴ <lb></lb>
τὴν ἀποκατάστασιν ἐκ τῆς συγκρούσεως διδῷ. </s><s>ἀρχὴ δὲ τούτων <lb></lb>
οὐκ ἔστιν, ἀιδίων τῶν ἀτόμων οὐσῶν καὶ τοῦ κενοῦ. </s><s>̔φησὶ δ&#039; <lb></lb>
ἐνδοτέρω μηδὲ ποιότητά τινα περὶ τὰς ἀτόμους εἶναι πλὴν σχή<lb></lb>
ματος καὶ μεγέ<pb pagenum="239"></pb>θους καὶ βάρους· τὸ δὲ χρῶμα παρὰ τὴν θέσιν  <lb></lb>
τῶν ἀτόμων ἀλλάττεσθαι ἐν ταῖς Δώδεκα στοιχειώ<lb></lb>
σεσί φησι. πᾶν τε μέγεθος μὴ εἶναι περὶ αὐτάς· οὐδέποτε γοῦν <lb></lb>
ἄτομος ὤφθη αἰσθήσει.̓ <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ἡ τοσαύτη δὴ φωνὴ τούτων πάντων μνημονευομένων τὸν <lb></lb>
ἱκανὸν τύπον ὑποβάλλει τῆς τῶν ὄντων φύσεως ἐπινοίας. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ κόσμοι ἄπειροί εἰσιν, οἵ θ&#039; ὅμοιοι τούτῳ καὶ <lb></lb>
ἀνόμοιοι. </s><s>αἵ τε γὰρ ἄτομοι ἄπειροι οὖσαι, ὡς ἄρτι ἀπεδείχθη, <lb></lb>
φέρονται καὶ πορρώτατω· οὐ γὰρ κατανήλωνται αἱ τοιαῦται <lb></lb>
ἄτομοι, ἐξ ὧν ἂν γένοιτο κόσμος ἢ ὑφ&#039; ὧν ἂν ποιηθείη, οὔτ&#039; <lb></lb>
εἰς ἕνα οὔτ&#039; εἰς πεπερασμένους, οὔθ&#039; ὅσοι τοιοῦτοι οὔθ&#039; ὅσοι <lb></lb>
διάφοροι τούτοις. </s><s>ὥστε οὐδὲν τὸ ἐμποδοστατῆσόν ἐστι πρὸς τὴν <lb></lb>
ἀπειρίαν τῶν κόσμων. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Καὶ μὴν καὶ τύποι ὁμοιοσχήμονες τοῖς στερεμνίοις εἰσί, <lb></lb>
λεπτότησιν ἀπέχοντες μακρὰν τῶν φαινομένων. </s><s>οὔτε γὰρ ἀπο<lb></lb>
στάσεις ἀδυνατοῦσι ἐν τῷ περιέχοντι γίνεσθαι τοιαῦται οὔτ&#039; <lb></lb>
ἐπιτηδειότητες πρὸς κατεργασίας τῶν κοιλωμάτων καὶ λειοτή<lb></lb>
τῶν [γίνεσθαι], οὔτε ἀπόρροιαι τὴν ἑξῆς θέσιν καὶ βάσιν δια<lb></lb>
τηροῦσαι, ἥνπερ καὶ ἐν τοῖς στερεμνίοις εἶχον· τούτους δὲ τοὺς <lb></lb>
τύπους εἴδωλα προσαγορεύομεν. </s><s>καὶ μὴν καὶ ἡ διὰ τοῦ κενοῦ <lb></lb>
φορὰ κατὰ μηδεμίαν ἀπάντησιν τῶν ἀντικοψάντων γινομένη πᾶν <lb></lb>
μῆκος περιληπτὸν ἐν ἀπερινοήτῳ χρόνῳ συντελεῖ. </s><s>βράδους γὰρ <lb></lb>
καὶ τάχους ἀντικοπὴ καὶ οὐκ ἀντικοπὴ ὁμοίωμα λαμβάνει. </s><s><lb></lb>
οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ <pb pagenum="240"></pb>ἅμα κατὰ τοὺς διὰ λόγου θεωρητοὺς χρόνους <lb></lb>
αὐτὸ τὸ φερόμενον σῶμα ἐπὶ τοὺς πλείους τόπους ἀφικνεῖται <lb></lb>
̄ἀδιανόητον γάρ̄καὶ τοῦτο συναφικνούμενον ἐν αἰσθητῷ <lb></lb>
χρόνῳ ὅθεν δήποθεν τοῦ ἀπείρου οὐκ ἐξ οὗ ἂν περιλάβωμεν  <lb></lb>
τὴν φορὰν τόπου ἔσται ἀφιστάμενον· ἀντικοπῇ γὰρ ὅμοιον ἔσται, <lb></lb>
κἂν μέχρι τοσούτου τὸ τάχος τῆς φορᾶς μὴ ἀντικοπὲν καταλί<lb></lb>
πωμεν· χρήσιμον δὴ καὶ τοῦτο κατασχεῖν τὸ στοιχεῖον. </s><s>εἶθ&#039; ὅτι <lb></lb>
τὰ εἴδωλα ταῖς λεπτότησιν ἀνυπερβλήτοις κέχρηται οὐθὲν ἀντι<lb></lb>
μαρτυρεῖ τῶν φαινομένων· ὅθεν καὶ τάχη ἀνυπέρβλητα ἔχει, <lb></lb>
πάντα πόρον σύμμετρον ἔχοντα πρὸς τὸ ἀπείροις αὐτῶν μηθὲν <lb></lb>
ἀντικόπτειν ἢ ὀλίγα ἀντικόπτειν % πολλαῖς δὲ καὶ ἀπείροις <lb></lb>
εὐθὺς ἀντικόπτειν τι %. </s><s><lb></lb>
πρός τε τούτοις ὅτι ἡ γένεσις τῶν <lb></lb>
εἰδώλων ἅμα νοήματι συμβαίνει· καὶ γὰρ ῥεῦσις ἀπὸ τῶν σω<lb></lb>
μάτων τοῦ ἐπιπολῆς συνεχής, οὐκ ἐπίδηλος τῇ μειώσει διὰ τὴν <lb></lb>
ἀνταναπλήρωσιν, σῴζουσα τὴν ἐπὶ τοῦ στερεμνίου θέσιν καὶ <lb></lb>
τάξιν τῶν ἀτόμων ἐπὶ πολὺν χρόνον, εἰ καὶ ἐνίοτε συγχεομένη <lb></lb>
ὑπάρχει, καὶ συστάσεις ἐν τῷ περιέχοντι ὀξεῖαι διὰ τὸ μὴ δεῖν <lb></lb>
κατὰ βάθος τὸ συμπλήρωμα γίνεσθαι, καὶ ἄλλοι δὲ τρόποι <lb></lb>
τινὲς γεννητικοὶ τῶν τοιούτων φύσεών εἰσιν. </s><s>οὐθὲν γὰρ τούτων <lb></lb>
ἀντιμαρτυρεῖται ταῖς αἰσθήσεσιν, ἂν βλέπῃ τις τίνα τρόπον τὰς <lb></lb>
ἐναργείας, &lt;τ&gt;ίνα καὶ τὰς συμπαθείας ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν πρὸς <lb></lb>
ἡμᾶς ἀνοίσει. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Δεῖ δὲ καὶ νομίζειν ἐπεισιόντος τινὸς ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν τὰς <lb></lb>
μορφὰς ὁρᾶν ἡμᾶς καὶ διανοεῖσθαι· οὐ γὰρ ἂν απο<pb pagenum="241"></pb>σφραγίσαιτο <lb></lb>
τὰ ἔξω τὴν ἑαυτῶν φύσιν τοῦ τε χρώματος καὶ τῆς μορφῆς διὰ <lb></lb>
τοῦ ἀέρος τοῦ μεταξὺ ἡμῶν τε κἀκείνων, οὐδὲ διὰ τῶν ἀκτί- <lb></lb>
νων ἢ ὧν δήποτε ῥευμάτων ἀφ&#039; ἡμῶν πρὸς ἐκεῖνα παραγινο<lb></lb>
μένων, οὕτως ὡς τύπων τινῶν ἐπεισιόντων ἡμῖν ἀπὸ τῶν πραγ<lb></lb>
μάτων ὁμοχρόων τε καὶ ὁμοιομόρφων κατὰ τὸ ἐναρμόττον μέ<lb></lb>
γεθος εἰς τὴν ὄψιν ἢ τὴν διάνοιαν, ὠκέως ταῖς φοραῖς χρωμένων, <lb></lb>
εἶτα διὰ ταύτην τὴν αἰτίαν τοῦ ἑνὸς καὶ συνεχοῦς τὴν φαντα<lb></lb>
σίαν ἀποδιδόντων καὶ τὴν συμπάθειαν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὑποκειμένου σῳ<lb></lb>
ζόντων κατὰ τὸν ἐκεῖθεν σύμμετρον ἐπερεισμὸν ἐκ τῆς κατὰ <lb></lb>
βάθος ἐν τῷ στερεμνίῳ τῶν ἀτόμων πάλσεως. </s><s>καὶ ἣν ἂν λάβω<lb></lb>
μεν φαντασίαν ἐπιβλητικῶς τῇ διανοίᾳ ἢ τοῖς αἰσθητηρίοις εἴτε <lb></lb>
μορφῆς εἴτε συμβεβηκότων, μορφή ἐστιν αὕτη τοῦ στερεμνίου, <lb></lb>
γινομένη κατὰ τὸ ἑξῆς πύκνωμα ἢ ἐγκατάλειμμα τοῦ εἰδώλου. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>[Τὸ δὲ ψεῦδος καὶ τὸ διημαρτημένον ἐν τῷ προσδοξαζο<lb></lb>
μένῳ ἀεί ἐστιν &lt;ἐπὶ τοῦ προσμένοντοσ&gt; ἐπιμαρτυρηθήσεσθαι ἢ <lb></lb>
μὴ ἀντιμαρτυρηθήσεσθαι, εἶτ&#039; οὐκ ἐπιμαρτυρουμένου &lt;ἢ ἀντι<lb></lb>
μαρτυρουμένου&gt; κατά τινα κίνησιν ἐν ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς συνημμένην <lb></lb>
τῇ φανταστικῇ ἐπιβολῇ, διάληψιν δὲ ἔχουσαν, καθ&#039; ἣν τὸ ψεῦδος <lb></lb>
γίνεται]. </s><s><lb></lb>
ἥ τε γὰρ ὁμοιότης τῶν φαντασμῶν οἱονεὶ ἐν εἰκόνι <lb></lb>
λαμβανομένων ἢ καθ&#039; ὕπνους γινομένων ἢ κατ&#039; ἄλλας τινὰς ἐπι<lb></lb>
βολὰς τῆς διανοίας ἢ τῶν λοιπῶν κριτηρίων οὐκ ἄν ποτε ὑπῆρχε <lb></lb>
τοῖς οὖσί τε καὶ ἀληθέσι προσαγορευομένοις, εἰ μὴ ἦν τινα καὶ <lb></lb>
ταῦτα πρὸς ἃ &lt;ἐπι&gt;βάλλομεν· τὸ δὲ διημαρτημένον οὐκ ἂν ὑπῆρ<lb></lb>
χεν, εἰ μὴ ἐλαμβάνομεν <pb pagenum="242"></pb>καὶ ἄλλην τινὰ κίνησιν ἐν ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς <lb></lb>
συνημμένην μὲν &lt;τῇ φανταστικῇ ἐπιβολῇ&gt;, διάληψιν δὲ ἔχουσαν· <lb></lb>
κατὰ δὲ ταύτην [τὴν συνημμένην τῇ φανταστικῇ ἐπιβολῇ, διά- <lb></lb>
ληψιν δὲ ἔχουσαν], ἐὰν μὲν μὴ ἐπιμαρτυρηθῇ ἢ ἀντιμαρτυρηθῇ, <lb></lb>
τὸ ψεῦδος γίνεται· ἐὰν δὲ ἐπιμαρτυρηθῇ ἢ μὴ ἀντιμαρτυρηθῇ, <lb></lb>
τὸ ἀληθές. </s><s><lb></lb>
καὶ ταύτην οὖν σφόδρα γε δεῖ τὴν δόξαν κατέχειν, <lb></lb>
ἵνα μήτε τὰ κριτήρια ἀναιρῆται τὰ κατὰ τὰς ἐναργείας μήτε <lb></lb>
τὸ διημαρτημένον ὁμοίως βεβαιούμενον πάντα συνταράττῃ. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ τὸ ἀκούειν γίνεται ῥεύματός τινος φερομένου <lb></lb>
ἀπὸ τοῦ φωνοῦντος ἢ ἠχοῦντος ἢ ψοφοῦντος ἢ ὅπως δήποτε <lb></lb>
ἀκουστικὸν πάθος παρασκευάζοντος. </s><s>τὸ δὲ ῥεῦμα τοῦτο εἰς <lb></lb>
ὁμοιομερεῖς ὄγκους διασπείρεται, ἅμα τινὰ διασῴζοντας συμπά<lb></lb>
θειαν πρὸς ἀλλήλους καὶ ἑνότητα ἰδιότροπον, διατείνουσαν πρὸς <lb></lb>
τὸ ἀποστεῖλαν καὶ τὴν ἐπαίσθησιν τὴν ἐπ&#039; ἐκείνου ὡς τὰ πολλὰ <lb></lb>
ποιοῦσαν, εἰ δὲ μή γε, τὸ ἔξωθεν μόνον ἔνδηλον παρασκευάζου<lb></lb>
σαν· <lb></lb>
ἄνευ γὰρ ἀναφερομένης τινὸς ἐκεῖθεν συμπαθείας οὐκ ἂν <lb></lb>
γένοιτο ἡ τοιαύτη ἐπαίσθησις. </s><s>οὐκ αὐτὸν οὖν δεῖ νομίζειν τὸν <lb></lb>
ἀέρα ὑπὸ τῆς προιεμένης φωνῆς ἢ καὶ τῶν ὁμογενῶν σχηματίζε<lb></lb>
σθαῑπολλὴν γὰρ ἔνδειαν ἕξει τοῦτο πάσχων ὑπ&#039; ἐκείνης̄ <lb></lb>
ἀλλ&#039; εὐθὺς τὴν γινομένην πληγὴν ἐν ἡμῖν, ὅταν φωνὴν ἀφίωμεν, <lb></lb>
τοιαύτην ἔκθλιψιν ὄγκων τινῶν ῥεύματος πνευματώδους ἀποτε<lb></lb>
λεστικῶν ποιεῖσθαι, ἣ τὸ πάθος τὸ ἀκουστικὸν ἡμῖν παρα<lb></lb>
σκευάζει. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Καὶ μὴν καὶ τὴν ὀσμὴν νομιστέον, ὥσπερ καὶ τὴν ἀκοὴν <lb></lb>
οὐκ ἄν ποτε οὐθὲν πάθος ἐργάσασθαι, εἰ μὴ ὄγκοι τινὲς ἦσαν <lb></lb>
ἀπὸ τοῦ πράγματος ἀποφερόμενοι, <pb pagenum="243"></pb>σύμμετροι πρὸς τοῦτο τὸ <lb></lb>
αἰσθητήριον κινεῖν, οἱ μὲν τοῖοι τεταραγμένως καὶ ἀλλοτρίως, <lb></lb>
οἱ δὲ τοῖοι ἀταράχως καὶ οἰκείως ἔχοντες.  <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Καὶ μὴν καὶ τὰς ἀτόμους νομιστέον μηδεμίαν ποιότητα τῶν <lb></lb>
φαινομένων προσφέρεσθαι πλὴν σχήματος καὶ βάρους καὶ με<lb></lb>
γέθους καὶ ὅσα ἐξ ἀνάγκης σχήματος συμφυῆ ἐστι. </s><s>ποιότης <lb></lb>
γὰρ πᾶσα μεταβάλλει· αἱ δὲ ἄτομοι οὐδὲν μεταβάλλουσιν, ἐπει<lb></lb>
δή περ δεῖ τι ὑπομένειν ἐν ταῖς διαλύσεσι τῶν συγκρίσεων στε<lb></lb>
ρεὸν καὶ ἀδιάλυτον, ὃ τὰς μεταβολὰς οὐκ εἰς τὸ μὴ ὂν ποιήσε<lb></lb>
ται οὐδ&#039; ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος, ἀλλὰ κατὰ μεταθέσεις ἐν πολλοῖς, <lb></lb>
τινῶν δὲ καὶ προσόδους καὶ ἀφόδους. </s><s>ὅθεν ἀναγκαῖον τὰ [μὴ] <lb></lb>
μετατιθέμενα ἄφθαρτα εἶναι καὶ τὴν τοῦ μεταβάλλοντος φύσιν <lb></lb>
οὐκ ἔχοντα, ὄγκους δὲ καὶ σχηματισμοὺς ἰδίους· ταῦτα γὰρ <lb></lb>
καὶ ἀναγκαῖον ὑπομένειν. </s><s><lb></lb>
καὶ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς παρ&#039; ἡμῖν μετασχη<lb></lb>
ματιζομένοις κατὰ τὴν περιαίρεσιν τὸ σχῆμα ἐνυπάρχον λαμβά<lb></lb>
νεται, αἱ δὲ ποιότητες οὐκ ἐνυπάρχουσαι ἐν τῷ μεταβάλλοντι, <lb></lb>
ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνο καταλείπεται, ἀλλ&#039; ἐξ ὅλου τοῦ σώματος ἀπολλύ<lb></lb>
μεναι. </s><s>ἱκανὰ οὖν τὰ ὑπολειπόμενα ταῦτα τὰς τῶν συγκρίσεων <lb></lb>
διαφορὰς ποιεῖν, ἐπειδή περ ὑπολείπεσθαί γέ τινα ἀναγκαῖον καὶ <lb></lb>
&lt;μὴ&gt; εἰς τὸ μὴ ὂν φθείρεσθαι. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ἁλλὰ μὴν οὐδὲ δεῖ νομίζειν πᾶν μέγεθος ἐν ταῖς ἀτόμοις <lb></lb>
ὑπάρχειν, ἵνα μὴ τὰ φαινόμενα ἀντιμαρτυρῇ· παραλλαγὰς δέ τι<lb></lb>
νας μεγεθῶν νομιστέον εἶναι. </s><s>βέλτιον γὰρ καὶ τούτου προσόντος <lb></lb>
τὰ κατὰ τὰ πάθη καὶ τὰς <pb pagenum="244"></pb>αἰσθήσεις γινόμενα ἀποδοθήσεται. </s><s><lb></lb>
πᾶν δὲ μέγεθος ὑπάρχον οὔτε χρήσιμόν ἐστι πρὸς τὰς τῶν ποιο<lb></lb>
τήτων διαφοράς, ἀφῖχθαί τε ἅμ&#039; ἔδει καὶ πρὸς ἡμᾶς ὁρατὰς <lb></lb>
ἀτόμους· ὃ οὐ θεωρεῖται γινόμενον οὔθ&#039; ὅπως ἂν γένοιτο ὁρατὴ <lb></lb>
ἄτομος ἔστιν ἐπινοῆσαι. </s><s>Πρὸς δὲ τούτοις οὐ δεῖ νομίζειν ἐν τῷ <lb></lb>
ὡρισμένῳ σώματι ἀπείρους ὄγκους εἶναι οὐδ&#039; ὁπηλίκους οὖν. </s><s><lb></lb>
ὥστε οὐ μόνον τὴν εἰς ἄπειρον τομὴν ἐπὶ τοὔλαττον ἀναιρετέον, <lb></lb>
ἵνα μὴ πάντα ἀσθενῆ ποιῶμεν κἀν ταῖς περιλήψεσι τῶν ἀθρόων  <lb></lb>
εἰς τὸ μὴ ὂν ἀναγκαζώμεθα τὰ ὄντα θλίβοντες καταναλίσκειν, <lb></lb>
ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν μετάβασιν μὴ νομιστέον γίνεσθαι ἐν τοῖς ὡρισμέ<lb></lb>
νοις εἰς ἄπειρον μηδ&#039; ἐ&lt;πὶ&gt; τοὔλαττον. </s><s><lb></lb>
οὔτε γὰρ ὅπως, ἐπει<lb></lb>
δὰν ἅπαξ τις εἴπῃ ὅτι ἄπειροι ὄγκοι ἔν τινι ὑπάρχουσιν ἢ ὁπη<lb></lb>
λίκοι οὖν, ἔστι νοῆσαι· πῶς τ&#039; ἂν ἔτι τοῦτο πεπερασμένον εἴη <lb></lb>
τὸ μέγεθος; </s><s>πηλίκοι γάρ τινες δῆλον ὡς οἱ ἄπειροί εἰσιν ὄγκοι· <lb></lb>
καὶ οὗτοι ὁπηλίκοι ἄν ποτε ὦσιν, ἄπειρον ἂν ἦν καὶ τὸ μέγε<lb></lb>
θος. </s><s>ἄκρον τε ἔχοντος τοῦ πεπερασμένου διαληπτόν, εἰ μὴ <lb></lb>
καὶ καθ&#039; ἑαυτὸ θεωρητόν, οὐκ ἔστι μὴ οὐ καὶ τὸ ἑξῆς τού<lb></lb>
του τοιοῦτον νοεῖν, καὶ οὕτω κατὰ τὸ ἑξῆς εἰς τοὔμπροσθεν <lb></lb>
βαδίζοντα εἰς τὸ ἄπειρον ὑπάρχειν κατὰ &lt;τὸ&gt; τοιοῦτον ἀφικνεῖ<lb></lb>
σθαι τῇ ἐννοίᾳ. </s><s><lb></lb>
τό τε ἐλάχιστον τὸ ἐν τῇ αἰσθήσει δεῖ κατα<lb></lb>
νοεῖν ὅτι οὔτε τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν οἷον τὸ τὰς μεταβάσεις ἔχον οὔτε <lb></lb>
πάντῃ πάντως ἀνόμοιον, ἀλλ&#039; ἔχον μέν τινα κοινότητα τῶν με<lb></lb>
ταβατῶν, διάληψιν δὲ μερῶν οὐκ ἔχον· ἀλλ&#039; ὅταν διὰ τὴν τῆς <lb></lb>
<pb pagenum="245"></pb>
κοινότητος προσεμφέρειαν οἰηθῶμεν διαλήψεσθαί τι αὐτοῦ, τὸ <lb></lb>
μὲν ἐπιτάδε, τὸ δὲ ἐπέκεινα, τὸ ἴσον ἡμῖν δεῖ προσπίπτειν. </s><s>ἑξῆς <lb></lb>
τε θεωροῦμεν ταῦτα ἀπὸ τοῦ πρώτου καταρχόμενοι καὶ οὐκ ἐν <lb></lb>
τῷ αὐτῷ, οὐδὲ μέρεσι μερῶν ἁπτόμενα, ἀλλ&#039; ἢ ἐν τῇ ἰδιότητι <lb></lb>
τῇ ἑαυτῶν τὰ μεγέθη καταμετροῦντα, τὰ πλεῖω πλεῖον καὶ <lb></lb>
τὰ ἐλάττω ἔλαττον. </s><s>ταύτῃ τῇ ἀναλογίᾳ νομιστέον καὶ τὸ ἐν τῇ <lb></lb>
ἀτόμῳ ἐλάχιστον κεχρῆσθαι· <lb></lb>
μικρότητι γὰρ ἐκεῖνο δῆλον ὡς <lb></lb>
διαφέρει τοῦ κατὰ τὴν αἴσθησιν θεωρουμένου, ἀναλογίᾳ δὲ τῇ <lb></lb>
αὐτῇ κέχρηται. </s><s>ἐπεὶ περ καὶ ὅτι μέγεθος ἔχει ἡ ἄτομος, κατὰ <lb></lb>
τὴν ἐνταῦθα ἀναλογίαν κατηγορήσαμεν, μικρόν τι μόνον μακρὰν  <lb></lb>
ἐκβαλόντες. </s><s>ἔτι τε τὰ ἐλάχιστα καὶ ἀμερῆ πέρατα δεῖ νομίζειν <lb></lb>
τῶν μηκῶν τὸ καταμέτρημα ἐξ αὑτῶν πρῶτον τοῖς μείζοσι καὶ <lb></lb>
ἐλάττοσι παρασκευάζοντα τῇ διὰ λόγου θεωρίᾳ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀοράτων. </s><s><lb></lb>
ἡ γὰρ κοινότης ἡ ὑπάρχουσα αὐτοῖς πρὸς τὰ ἀμετάβατα ἱκανὴ <lb></lb>
τὸ μέχρι τούτου συντελέσαι, συμφόρησιν δὲ ἐκ τούτων κίνησιν <lb></lb>
ἐχόντων οὐχ οἷόν τε γίνεσθαι. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Καὶ μὴν καὶ τοῦ ἀπείρου ὡς μὲν ἀνωτάτω ἢ κατωτάτω οὐ <lb></lb>
δεῖ κατηγορεῖν τὸ ἄνω ἢ κάτω. </s><s>ἴσμεν μέντοι τὸ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς, <lb></lb>
ὅθεν ἂν στῶμεν, εἰς ἄπειρον ἄγειν ὄν, μηδέποτε φανεῖσθαι τοῦτο <lb></lb>
ἡμῖν, ἢ τὸ ὑποκάτω τοῦ νοηθέντος εἰς ἄπειρον, ἅμα ἄνω τε εἶναι <lb></lb>
καὶ κάτω πρὸς τὸ αὐτό· τοῦτο γὰρ ἀδύνατον διανοηθῆναι. </s><s>ὥστε <lb></lb>
ἔστι μίαν λαβεῖν φορὰν τὴν ἄνω νοουμένην εἰς ἄπειρον καὶ μίαν <lb></lb>
τὴν κάτω, ἂν καὶ μυριάκις <pb pagenum="246"></pb>πρὸς τοὺς πόδας τῶν ἐπάνω τὸ παρ&#039; <lb></lb>
ἡμῶν φερόμενον &lt;εἰ&gt; τοὺς ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς ἡμῶν τόπους ἀφικνῆ<lb></lb>
ται ἢ ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τῶν ὑποκάτω τὸ παρ&#039; ἡμῶν κάτω φε<lb></lb>
ρόμενον· ἡ γὰρ ὅλη φορὰ οὐθὲν ἧττον ἑκατέρα ἑκατέρᾳ ἀντι<lb></lb>
κειμένη ἐπ&#039; ἄπειρον νοεῖται. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Καὶ μὴν καὶ ἰσοταχεῖς ἀναγκαῖον τὰς ἀτόμους εἶναι, ὅταν <lb></lb>
διὰ τοῦ κενοῦ εἰσφέρωνται μηθενὸς ἀντικόπτοντος· οὔτε γὰρ <lb></lb>
τὰ βαρέα θᾶττον οἰσθήσεται τῶν μικρῶν καὶ κούφων, ὅταν γε <lb></lb>
δὴ μηδὲν ἀπαντᾷ αὐτοῖς· οὔτε τὰ μικρὰ τῶν μεγάλων, πάντα <lb></lb>
πόρον σύμμετρον ἔχοντα, ὅταν μηθὲν μηδὲ ἐκείνοις ἀντικόπτῃ· <lb></lb>
οὔθ&#039; ἡ ἄνω οὔθ&#039; ἡ εἰς τὸ πλάγιον διὰ τῶν κρούσεων φορά, οὔθ&#039; ἡ  <lb></lb>
κάτω διὰ τῶν ἰδίων βαρῶν. </s><s>ἐφ&#039; ὁπόσον γὰρ ἂν κατίσχῃ ἑκάτερον, <lb></lb>
ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ἅμα νοήματι τὴν φορὰν σχήσει, ἕως ἀντικόψῃ ἢ <lb></lb>
ἔξωθεν ἢ ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου βάρους πρὸς τὴν τοῦ πλήξαντος δύναμιν. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ κατὰ τὰς συγκρίσεις θάττων ἑτέρα ἑτέρας <lb></lb>
ῥηθήσεται, τῶν ἀτόμων ἰσοταχῶν οὐσων, τῷ ἐφ&#039; ἕνα τόπον φέ<lb></lb>
ρεσθαι τὰς ἐν τοῖς ἀθροίσμασιν ἀτόμους καὶ κατὰ τὸν ἐλάχιστον <lb></lb>
συνεχῆ χρόνον, εἰ μὴ ἐφ&#039; ἕνα κατὰ τοὺς λόγῳ θεωρητοὺς χρό<lb></lb>
νους· ἀλλὰ πυκνὸν ἀντικόπτουσιν, ἕως ἂν ὑπὸ τὴν αἴσθησιν τὸ <lb></lb>
συνεχὲς τῆς φορᾶς γίνηται. </s><s>τὸ γὰρ προσδοξαζόμενον περὶ τοῦ <lb></lb>
ἀοράτου, ὡς ἄρα καὶ οἱ διὰ λόγου θεωρητοὶ χρόνοι τὸ συνεχὲς <lb></lb>
τῆς φορᾶς ἕξουσιν, οὐκ ἀληθές ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῶν τοιούτων· ἐπεὶ τό <lb></lb>
γε θεωρούμενον πᾶν ἢ κατ&#039; ἐπιβολὴν λαμβανόμενον τῇ διανοίᾳ <lb></lb>
ἀληθές ἐστι. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα δεῖ συνορᾶν <pb pagenum="247"></pb>ἀναφέροντα ἐπὶ τὰς αἰσθήσεις <lb></lb>
καὶ τὰ πάθη̄οὕτω γὰρ ἡ βεβαιοτάτη πίστις ἔσταῑὅτι ἡ <lb></lb>
ψυχὴ σῶμά ἐστι λεπτομερές, παρ&#039; ὅλον τὸ ἄθροισμα παρεσπαρ<lb></lb>
μένον, προσεμφερέστατον δὲ πνεύματι, θερμοῦ τινα κρᾶσιν <lb></lb>
ἔχοντι καὶ πῇ μὲν τούτῳ προσεμφερές, πῇ δὲ τούτῳ. </s><s>ἔστι δέ <lb></lb>
τι μέρος πολλὴν παραλλαγὴν εἰληφὸς τῇ λεπτομερείᾳ καὶ αὐ<lb></lb>
τῶν τούτων, συμπαθὲς διὰ τοῦτο μᾶλλον καὶ τῷ λοιπῷ ἀθροί<lb></lb>
σματι· τοῦτο δὲ πᾶν αἱ δυνάμεις τῆς ψυχῆς δηλοῦσι καὶ τὰ <lb></lb>
πάθη καὶ αἱ εὐκινησίαι καὶ αἱ διανοήσεις καὶ ὧν στερόμενοι <lb></lb>
θνῄσκομεν. </s><s>Καὶ μὴν καὶ ὅτι ἔχει ἡ ψυχὴ τῆς αἰσθήσεως τὴν <lb></lb>
πλείστην αἰτίαν δεῖ κατέχειν· <lb></lb>
οὐ μὴν εἰλήφει ἂν ταύτην, εἰ <lb></lb>
μὴ ὑπὸ τοῦ λοιποῦ ἀθροίσματος ἐστεγάζετό πως· τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν <lb></lb>
ἄθροισμα παρασκευάσαν ἐκείνῃ τὴν αἰτίαν ταύτην μετείληφε  <lb></lb>
καὶ αὐτὸ τοιούτου συμπτώματος παρ&#039; ἐκείνης, οὐ μέντοι πάν<lb></lb>
των ὧν ἐκείνη κέκτηται· διὸ ἀπαλλαγείσης τῆς ψυχῆς οὐκ ἔχει <lb></lb>
τὴν αἴσθησιν. </s><s>οὐ γὰρ αὐτὸ ἐν ἑαυτῷ ταύτην ἐκέκτητο τὴν δύ<lb></lb>
ναμιν, ἀλλ&#039; ἑτέρῳ ἅμα συγγεγενημένῳ αὐτῷ παρεσκεύαζεν, ὃ <lb></lb>
διὰ τῆς συντελεσθείσης περὶ αὐτὸ δυνάμεως κατὰ τὴν κίνησιν <lb></lb>
σύμπτωμα αἰσθητικὸν εὐθὺς ἀποτελοῦν ἑαυτῶ ἀπεδίδου κατὰ <lb></lb>
τὴν ὁμούρησιν καὶ συμπάθειαν καὶ ἐκείνῳ, καθάπερ εἶπον. </s><s><lb></lb>
Διὸ δὴ καὶ ἐνυπάρχουσα ἡ ψυχὴ οὐδέποτε ἄλλου τινὸς μέρους <lb></lb>
ἀπηλλαγμένου ἀναισθητεῖ· ἀλλ&#039; ἃ ἂν καὶ ταύτης ξυναπόληται <lb></lb>
τοῦ στεγάζοντος λυθέντος <pb pagenum="248"></pb>εἴθ&#039; ὅλου εἴτε καὶ μέρους τινός, <lb></lb>
ἐάν περ διαμένῃ, σῴζει τὴν αἴσθησιν. </s><s>τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν ἄθροισμα <lb></lb>
διαμένον καὶ ὅλον καὶ κατὰ μέρος οὐκ ἔχει τὴν αἴσθησιν ἐκείνου <lb></lb>
ἀπηλλαγμένου, ὅσον ποτέ ἐστι τὸ συντεῖνον τῶν ἀτόμων πλῆθος <lb></lb>
εἰς τὴν τῆς ψυχῆς φύσιν. </s><s>Καὶ μὴν καὶ λυομένου τοῦ ὅλου ἀθροί<lb></lb>
σματος ἡ ψυχὴ διασπείρεται καὶ οὐκέτι ἔχει τὰς αὐτὰς δυνάμεις <lb></lb>
οὐδὲ κινεῖται, ὥστε οὐδ&#039; αἴσθησιν κέκτηται. </s><s><lb></lb>
οὐ γὰρ οἷόν τε <lb></lb>
νοεῖν αὐτὸ αἰσθανόμενον μὴ ἐν τούτῳ τῷ συστήματι καὶ ταῖς <lb></lb>
κινήσεσι ταύταις χρώμενον, ὅταν τὰ στεγάζοντα καὶ περιέχοντα <lb></lb>
μὴ τοιαῦτα ᾖ, ἐν οἷς νῦν οὖσα ἔχει ταύτας τὰς κινήσεις. </s><s>Ἀλλὰ <lb></lb>
μὴν καὶ τόδε ̔λέγει ἐν ἄλλοις καὶ ἐξ ἀτόμων αὐτὴν <lb></lb>
συγκεῖσθαι λειοτάτων καὶ στρογγυλωτάτων, πολλῷ τινι διαφε<lb></lb>
ρουσῶν τῶν τοῦ πυρός· καὶ τὸ μέν τι ἄλογον αὐτῆς, ὃ τῷ λοιπῷ <lb></lb>
παρεσπάρθαι σώματι· τὸ δὲ λογικὸν ἐν τῷ θώρακι, ὡς δῆλον <lb></lb>
ἔκ τε τῶν φόβων καὶ τῆς χαρᾶς· ὕπνον τε γίνεσθαι τῶν τῆς  <lb></lb>
ψυχῆς μερῶν τῶν παρ&#039; ὅλην τὴν σύγκρισιν παρεσπαρμένων ἐγ<lb></lb>
κατεχομένων ἢ διαφορουμένων, εἴτ&#039; ἐκπιπτόντων τοῖς ἐπερει<lb></lb>
σμοῖς. </s><s>τό τε σπέρμα ἀφ&#039; ὅλων τῶν σωμάτων φέρεσθαι.̓ <lb></lb>
γε δεῖ <lb></lb>
προσκατανοεῖν, ὅτι τὸ ἀσώματον λέγομεν κατὰ τὴν πλείστην <lb></lb>
ὁμιλίαν τοῦ ὀνόματος ἐπὶ τοῦ καθ&#039; ἑαυτὸ νοηθέντος ἄν· καθ&#039; <lb></lb>
ἑαυτὸ δὲ οὐκ ἔστι νοῆσαι τὸ ἀσώματον πλὴν τοῦ κενοῦ· τὸ δὲ <lb></lb>
κενὸν οὔτε ποιῆσαι οὔτε παθεῖν δύναται, ἀλλὰ κίνησιν μόνον δι&#039; <lb></lb>
ἑαυτοῦ τοῖς σώμασι παρέχεται. </s><s>ὥσθ&#039; οἱ λέγοντες ἀσώματον <lb></lb>
εἶναι τὴν ψυχὴν ματαιί̈ζουσιν. </s><s>οὐθὲν γὰρ ἂν ἐδύνατο ποιεῖν οὔτε <lb></lb>
πάσχειν, εἰ ἦν τοιαύτη· νῦν δ&#039; ἐναργῶς ἀμφότερα ταῦτα <pb pagenum="249"></pb>διαλαμ<lb></lb>
βάνομεν περὶ τὴν ψυχὴν τὰ συμπτώματα. </s><s><lb></lb>
ταῦτα οὖν πάντα τὰ <lb></lb>
διαλογίσματα &lt;τὰ&gt; περὶ ψυχῆς ἀνάγων τις ἐπὶ τὰ πάθη καὶ τὰς <lb></lb>
αἰσθήσεις, μνημονεύων τῶν ἐν ἀρχῇ ῥηθέντων, ἱκανῶς κατόψε<lb></lb>
ται τοῖς τύποις ἐμπεριειλημμένα εἰς τὸ κατὰ μέρος ἀπὸ τούτων <lb></lb>
ἐξακριβοῦσθαι βεβαίως. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ τὰ σχήματα καὶ τὰ χρώματα καὶ τὰ μεγέθη <lb></lb>
καὶ τὰ βάρη καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα κατηγορεῖται σώματος ὡς ἂν ἀεὶ <lb></lb>
συμβεβηκότα ἢ πᾶσιν ἢ τοῖς ὁρατοῖς καὶ κατὰ τὴν αἴσθησιν <lb></lb>
αὐτῶν γνωστοῖς, οὔθ&#039; ὡς καθ&#039; ἑαυτάς εἰσι φύσεις δοξαστέον <lb></lb>
̄οὐ γὰρ δυνατὸν ἐπινοῆσαι τοῦτο̄ <lb></lb>
οὔτε ὅλως ὡς οὐκ εἰσίν, <lb></lb>
οὔθ&#039; ὡς ἕτερ&#039; ἄττα προσυπάρχοντα τούτῳ ἀσώματα, οὔθ&#039; ὡς <lb></lb>
μόρια τούτου, ἀλλ&#039; ὡς τὸ ὅλον σῶμα καθόλου ἐκ τούτων πάν<lb></lb>
των τὴν ἑαυτοῦ φύσιν ἔχον ἀίδιον, οὐχ οἷον δὲ εἶναι συμπεφορη<lb></lb>
μένον̄ὥσπερ ὅταν ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν ὄγκων μεῖζον ἄθροισμα  <lb></lb>
συστῇ ἤτοι τῶν πρώτων ἢ τῶν τοῦ ὅλου μεγεθῶν τοῦδε τινὸς <lb></lb>
ἐλαττόνων̄ἀλλὰ μόνον, ὡς λέγω, ἐκ τούτων ἁπάντων τὴν <lb></lb>
ἑαυτοῦ φύσιν ἔχον ἀίδιον. </s><s>καὶ ἐπιβολὰς μὲν ἔχοντα ἰδίας πάντα <lb></lb>
ταῦτά ἐστι καὶ διαλήψεις, συμπαρακολουθοῦντος δὲ τοῦ ἀθρόου <lb></lb>
καὶ οὐθαμῇ ἀποσχιζομένου, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὴν ἀθρόαν ἔννοιαν τοῦ <lb></lb>
σώματος κατηγορίαν εἰληφότος. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Καὶ μὴν καὶ τοῖς σώμασι συμπίπτει πολλάκις καὶ οὐκ ἀί<lb></lb>
διον παρακολουθεῖν οὔτ&#039; ἐν τοῖς ἀοράτοις καὶ οὔτε ἀσώματα. </s><s><lb></lb>
ὥστε δὴ κατὰ τὴν πλείστην φορὰν τούτῳ τῷ ὀνόματι χρώμε<lb></lb>
νοι φανερὰ ποιοῦμεν τὰ συμπτώματα οὔτε τὴν τοῦ ὅλου φύσιν <pb pagenum="250"></pb><lb></lb>
ἔχειν, ὃ συλλαβόντες κατὰ τὸ ἀθρόον σῶμα προσαγορεύομεν, <lb></lb>
οὔτε τὴν τῶν ἀίδιον παρακολουθούντων, ὧν ἄνευ σῶμα οὐ δυ<lb></lb>
νατὸν νοεῖσθαι. </s><s>κατ&#039; ἐπιβολὰς δ&#039; ἄν τινας παρακολυθοῦντος <lb></lb>
τοῦ ἀθρόου ἕκαστα προσαγορευθείη, <lb></lb>
ἀλλ&#039; ὅτε δήποτε ἕκα<lb></lb>
στα συμβαίνοντα θεωρεῖται, οὐκ ἀίδιον τῶν συμπτώματων πα<lb></lb>
ρακολουθούντων. </s><s>καὶ οὐκ ἐξελατέον ἐκ τοῦ ὄντος ταύτην τὴν <lb></lb>
ἐνάργειαν, ὅτι οὐκ ἔχει τὴν τοῦ ὅλου φύσιν ᾧ συμβαίνει ὃ δὴ <lb></lb>
καὶ σῶμα προσαγορεύομεν, οὐδὲ τὴν τῶν ἀίδιον παρακολου<lb></lb>
θούντων, οὐδ&#039; αὖ καθ&#039; αὑτὰ νομιστέον̄οὐδὲ γὰρ τοῦτο δια<lb></lb>
νοητὸν οὔτ&#039; ἐπὶ τούτων οὔτ&#039; ἐπὶ τῶν ἀίδιον συμβεβηκότων̄ἀλλ&#039; <lb></lb>
ὅπερ καὶ φαίνεται, συμπτώματα πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτα νομιστέον, <lb></lb>
καὶ οὐκ ἀίδιον παρακολουθοῦντα οὐδ&#039; αὖ φύσεως καθ&#039; ἑαυτὰ <lb></lb>
τάγμα ἔχοντα, ἀλλ&#039; ὃν τρόπον αὐτὴ ἡ αἴσθησις τὴν ἰδιότητα <lb></lb>
ποιεῖ, θεωρεῖται. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Καὶ μὴν καὶ τόδε γε δεῖ προσκατανοῆσαι σφοδρῶς· τὸν γὰρ <lb></lb>
δὴ χρόνον οὐ ζητητέον ὥσπερ καὶ τὰ λοιπά, ὅσα ἐν ὑποκειμένῳ <lb></lb>
ζητοῦμεν ἀνάγοντες ἐπὶ τὰς βλεπομένας παρ&#039; ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς προ- <lb></lb>
λήψεις, ἀλλ&#039; αὐτὸ τὸ ἐνάργημα, καθ&#039; ὃ τὸν πολὺν ἢ ὀλίγον <lb></lb>
χρόνον ἀναφωνοῦμεν, συγγενικῶς τοῦτο περιφέροντες, ἀναλο<lb></lb>
γιστέον. </s><s>καὶ οὔτε διαλέκτους ὡς βελτίους μεταληπτέον, ἀλλ&#039; <lb></lb>
αὐταῖς ταῖς ὑπαρχούσαις κατ&#039; αὐτοῦ χρηστέον, οὔτε ἄλλο τι <lb></lb>
κατ&#039; αὐτοῦ κατηγορητέον, ὡς τὴν αὐτὴν οὐσίαν ἔχοντος τῷ <lb></lb>
ἰδιώματι τούτῳ̄καὶ γὰρ τοῦτο ποιοῦσί τινες̄ἀλλὰ μόνον <lb></lb>
ᾧ συμπλέκομεν τὸ ἴδιον τοῦτο καὶ παραμετροῦ<pb pagenum="251"></pb>μεν, μάλιστα <lb></lb>
ἐπιλογίστέον. <lb></lb>
καὶ γὰρ τοῦτο οὐκ ἀποδείξεως προσδεῖται ἀλλ&#039; <lb></lb>
ἐπιλογισμοῦ, ὅτι ταῖς ἡμέραις καὶ ταῖς νυξὶ συμπλέκομεν, καὶ <lb></lb>
τοῖς τούτων μέρεσιν, ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ τοῖς πάθεσι καὶ ταῖς <lb></lb>
ἀπαθείαις, καὶ κινήσεσι καὶ στάσεσιν ἴδιόν τι σύμπτωμα, περὶ <lb></lb>
ταῦτα πάλιν αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἐννοοῦντες, καθὸ χρόνον ὀνομάζομεν <lb></lb>
̔φησὶ δὲ τοῦτο καὶ ἐν τῇ % δευτέρᾳ % Περὶ φύσεως καὶ <lb></lb>
ἐν τῇ Μεγάλῃ ἐπιτομῇ.̓ <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ἐπί τε τοῖς προειρημένοις τοὺς κόσμους δεῖ καὶ πᾶσαν σύγ<lb></lb>
κρισιν πεπερασμένην τὸ ὁμοειδὲς τοῖς θεωρουμένοις πυκνῶς <lb></lb>
ἔχουσαν νομίζειν γεγονέναι ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀπείρου, πάντων τούτων <lb></lb>
ἐκ συστροφῶν ἰδίων ἀποκεκριμένων καὶ μειζόνων καὶ ἐλαττό<lb></lb>
νων· καὶ πάλιν διαλύεσθαι πάντα, τὰ μὲν θᾶττον, τὰ δὲ βρα<lb></lb>
δύτερον, καὶ τὰ μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν τοιῶνδε, τὰ δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν τοιῶνδε <lb></lb>
τοῦτο πάσχοντα. </s><s><lb></lb>
̔δῆλον οὖν ὡς καὶ φθαρτούς φησι <lb></lb>
τοὺς κόσμους, μεταβαλλόντων τῶν μερῶν. </s><s>καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις τὴν γῆν <lb></lb>
τῷ ἀέρι ἐποχεῖσθαι.̓ Ἔτι δὲ τοὺς κόσμους οὔτε ἐξ ἀνάγκης δεῖ <lb></lb>
νομίζειν ἕνα σχηματισμὸν ἔχοντας, ἀλλὰ ̔καὶ διαφόρους αὐτοὺς <lb></lb>
ἐν τῇ &lt;ι&gt; </s><s>&lt;β&gt; </s><s>Περὶ φύσεώς φησιν̓ οὓς μὲν γὰρ σφαιροει- <lb></lb>
δεῖς, καὶ ᾠοειδεῖς ἄλλους, καὶ ἀλλοιοσχήμονας ἑτέρους· οὐ μέν<lb></lb>
τοι πᾶν σχῆμα ἔχειν· οὐδὲ ζῷα εἶναι ἀποκριθέντα ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀπεί<lb></lb>
ρου. </s><s>οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν ἀποδείξειεν οὐδείς, ὡς &lt;ἐν&gt; μὲν τῷ τοιούτῳ <lb></lb>
καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἐμπεριελήφθη τὰ τοιαῦτα σπέρματα ἐξ ὧν ζῷά τε <lb></lb>
καὶ φυτὰ καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ πάντα &lt;τὰ&gt; θεωρούμενα συνίσταται, ἐν <lb></lb>
δὲ τῷ τοιούτῳ οὐκ ἂν ἐδυνήθη. </s><s>ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ ἐντραφῆναι. </s><s><lb></lb>
τὸν αὐ<pb pagenum="252"></pb>τὸν δὲ τρόπον καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς νομιστέον. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ἀλλὰ μὴν ὑποληπτέον καὶ τὴν φύσιν πολλὰ καὶ παντοῖα <lb></lb>
ὑπὸ αὐτῶν τῶν πραγμάτων διδαχθῆναί τε καὶ ἀναγκασθῆναι, <lb></lb>
τὸν δὲ λογισμὸν τὰ ὑπὸ ταύτης παρεγγυηθέντα ὕστερον ἐπα<lb></lb>
κριβοῦν καὶ προσεξευρίσκειν ἐν μέν τισι θᾶττον, ἐν δέ τισι βρα<lb></lb>
δύτερον καὶ ἐν μέν τισι περιόδοις καὶ χρόνοις [ἀπὸ τῶν ἀπὸ <lb></lb>
τοῦ ἀπείρου] ...... </s><s>ἐν δέ τισι κατ&#039; ἐλάττους. </s><s>Ὅθεν καὶ τὰ <lb></lb>
ὀνόματα ἐξ ἀρχῆς μὴ θέσει γενέσθαι, ἀλλ&#039; αὐτὰς τὰς φύσεις <lb></lb>
τῶν ἀνθρώπων καθ&#039; ἕκαστα ἔθνη ἴδια πασχούσας πάθη καὶ <lb></lb>
ἴδια λαμβανούσας φαντάσματα ἰδίως τὸν ἀέρα ἐκπέμπειν στελ<lb></lb>
λόμενον ὑφ&#039; ἑκάστων τῶν παθῶν καὶ τῶν φαντασμάτων, ὡς ἄν <lb></lb>
ποτε καὶ ἡ παρὰ τοὺς τόπους τῶν ἐθνῶν διαφορὰ εἴη· <lb></lb>
ὕστε<lb></lb>
ρον δὲ κοινῶς καθ&#039; ἕκαστα ἔθνη τὰ ἴδια τεθῆναι πρὸς τὸ τὰς <lb></lb>
δηλώσεις ἧττον ἀμφιβόλους γενέσθαι ἀλλήλοις καὶ συντομωτέ<lb></lb>
ρως δηλουμένας· τινὰ δὲ καὶ οὐ συνορώμενα πράγματα εἰσφέ<lb></lb>
ροντας τοὺς συνειδότας παρεγγυῆσαί τινας φθόγγους τοὺς &lt;μὲν&gt; <lb></lb>
ἀναγκασθέντας ἀναφωνῆσαι, τοὺς δὲ τῷ λογισμῷ ἑλομένους <lb></lb>
κατὰ τὴν πλείστην αἰτίαν οὕτως ἑρμηνεῦσαι. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Καὶ μὴν ἐν τοῖς μετεώροις φορὰν καὶ τροπὴν καὶ ἔκλειψιν <lb></lb>
καὶ ἀνατολὴν καὶ δύσιν καὶ τὰ σύστοιχα τούτοις μήτε λειτουρ<lb></lb>
γοῦντός τινος νομίζειν δεῖ γίνεσθαι καὶ διατάττοντος ἢ διατά- <lb></lb>
ξαντος καὶ ἅμα τὴν πᾶσαν μακαριότητα ἔχοντος μετὰ ἀφθαρ<lb></lb>
σίας <lb></lb>
̄οὐ γὰρ συμφωνοῦσι πραγματεῖαι καὶ φροντίδες καὶ <lb></lb>
ὀργαὶ καὶ χάριτες μακαριότητι, ἀλλ&#039; ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ καὶ φόβῳ καὶ <lb></lb>
<pb pagenum="253"></pb>
προσδεήσει τῶν πλησίον ταῦτα γίνεταῑμήτε αὖ πῦρ ἅμα <lb></lb>
ὄντα συνεστραμμένον τὴν μακαριότητα κεκτημένα κατὰ βούλη<lb></lb>
σιν τὰς κινήσεις ταύτας λαμβάνειν· ἀλλὰ πᾶν τὸ σέμνωμα τη<lb></lb>
ρεῖν κατὰ πάντα ὀνόματα φερόμενα ἐπὶ τὰς τοιαύτας ἐννοίας, <lb></lb>
ἵνα μηδὲν ὑπεναντίον ἐξ αὐτῶν τῷ σεμνώματι δόξῃ· εἰ δὲ μή, <lb></lb>
τὸν μέγιστον τάραχον ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς αὐτὴ ἡ ὑπεναντιότης πα<lb></lb>
ρασκευάσει. </s><s>ὅθεν δὴ κατὰ τὰς ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐναπολήψεις τῶν συ<lb></lb>
στροφῶν τούτων ἐν τῇ τοῦ κόσμου γενέσει δεῖ δοξάζειν καὶ τὴν <lb></lb>
ἀνάγκην ταύτην καὶ περίοδον συντελεῖσθαι. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Καὶ μὴν καὶ τὴν ὑπὲρ τῶν κυριωτάτων αἰτίαν ἐξακριβῶσαι <lb></lb>
φυσιολογίας ἔργον εἶναι δεῖ νομίζειν, καὶ τὸ μακάριον ἐν τῇ περὶ <lb></lb>
μετεώρων γνώσει ἐνταῦθα πεπτωκέναι καὶ ἐν τῷ τίνες φύσεις <lb></lb>
αἱ θεωρούμεναι κατὰ τὰ μετέωρα ταυτί, καὶ ὅσα συγγενῆ πρὸς <lb></lb>
τὴν εἰς τοῦτο ἀκρίβειαν· ἔτι τε οὐ τὸ πλεοναχῶς ἐν τοῖς τοιού<lb></lb>
τοις εἶναι καὶ τὸ ἐνδεχόμενον καὶ ἄλλως πως ἔχειν, ἀλλ&#039; ἁπλῶς <lb></lb>
μὴ εἶναι ἐν ἀφθάρτῳ καὶ μακαρίᾳ φύσει τῶν διάκρισιν ὑποβαλ<lb></lb>
λόντων ἢ τάραχον μηθέν. </s><s>καὶ τοῦτο καταλαβεῖν τῇ διανοίᾳ <lb></lb>
ἔστιν ἁπλῶς εἶναι. </s><s><lb></lb>
τὸ δ&#039; ἐν τῇ ἱστορίᾳ πεπτωκὸς τῆς δύσεως <lb></lb>
καὶ ἀνατολῆς καὶ τροπῆς καὶ ἐκλείψεως καὶ ὅσα συγγενῆ τού<lb></lb>
τοις μηθὲν ἔτι πρὸς τὸ μακάριον τῆς γνώσεως συντείνειν ἀλλ&#039; <lb></lb>
ὁμοίως τοὺς φόβους ἔχειν τοὺς ταῦτα κατειδότας, τίνες δ&#039; αἱ <lb></lb>
φύσεις ἀγνοοῦντας καὶ τίνες αἱ κυριώταται αἰτίαι, καὶ εἰ μὴ  <lb></lb>
προσῄδεσαν ταῦτα· <pb pagenum="254"></pb> χαλεπὰ καὶ πλεῖα, ὅταν τὸ θάμβος ἐκ τῆς <lb></lb>
τούτων προσκατανοήσεως μὴ δύνηται τὴν λύσιν λαμβάνειν κατὰ <lb></lb>
τὴν περὶ τῶν κυριωτάτων οἰκονομίαν. </s><s>διὸ δὴ καὶ πλείους αἰτίας <lb></lb>
εὑρίσκομεν τροπῶν καὶ δύσεων καὶ ἀνατολῶν καὶ ἐκλείψεων καὶ <lb></lb>
τῶν τοιουτοτρόπων ὥσπερ καὶ ἐν τοῖς κατὰ μέρος γινομένοις, <lb></lb>
καὶ οὐ δεῖ νομίζειν τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων χρείαν ἀκρίβειαν μὴ ἀπει<lb></lb>
ληφέναι, ὅση πρὸς τὸ ἀτάραχον καὶ μακάριον ἡμῶν συντείνει. </s><s><lb></lb>
ὥστε παραθεωροῦντας ποσαχῶς παρ&#039; ἡμῖν τὸ ὅμοιον γίνεται, <lb></lb>
αἰτιολογητέον ὑπέρ τε τῶν μετεώρων καὶ παντὸς τοῦ ἀδήλου, <lb></lb>
καταφρονοῦντας τῶν οὔτε &lt;τὸ&gt; μοναχῶς ἔχον ἢ γινόμενον γνω<lb></lb>
ριζόντων οὔτε τὸ πλεοναχῶς συμβαῖνον, &lt;ἐπὶ τῶν&gt; τὴν ἐκ τῶν <lb></lb>
ἀποστημάτων φαντασίαν παραδιδόντων, ἔτι τε ἀγνοοῦντων καὶ <lb></lb>
ἐν ποίοις οὐκ ἔστιν ἀταρακτῆσαι &lt;καὶ ἐν ποίοις ὁμοίως ἀταρα<lb></lb>
κτῆσαι&gt;. </s><s>ἂν οὖν οἰώμεθα καὶ ὡδί πως ἐνδεχόμενον αὐτὸ γίνε<lb></lb>
σθαι [καὶ ἐν ποίοις ὁμοίως ἀταρακτῆσαι], αὐτὸ τὸ ὅτι πλεονα<lb></lb>
χῶς γίνεται γνωρίζοντες, ὥσπερ κἂν ὅτι ὡδί πως γίνεται εἰδῶ<lb></lb>
μεν, ἀταρακτήσομεν. </s><s><lb></lb>
Ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις ὅλως ἅπασιν ἐκεῖνο δεῖ <lb></lb>
κατανοεῖν, ὅτι τάραχος ὁ κυριώτατος ταῖς ἀνθρωπίναις ψυχαῖς <lb></lb>
γίνεται ἐν τῷ ταὐτὰ μακάριά τε δοξάζειν &lt;εἶναι&gt; καὶ ἄφθαρτα <lb></lb>
καὶ ὑπεναντίας ἔχειν τούτοις ἅμα βουλήσεις καὶ πράξεις καὶ <lb></lb>
αἰτίας, καὶ ἐν τῷ αἰώνιόν τι δεινὸν ἢ προσδοκᾶν ἢ ὑποπτεύειν <lb></lb>
κατὰ τοὺς μύθους, εἴτε καὶ αὐτὴν τὴν ἀναισθησίαν τὴν ἐν τῷ <lb></lb>
τεθνάναι φοβουμένους ὥσπερ οὖσαν κατ&#039; αὐτούς, καὶ ἐν τῷ μὴ <lb></lb>
δόξαις ταῦ<pb pagenum="255"></pb>τα πάσχειν ἀλλ&#039; ἀλόγῳ γέ τινι παραστάσει, ὅθεν μὴ <lb></lb>
ὁρίζοντας τὸ δεινὸν τὴν ἴσην ἢ καὶ ἐπιτεταμένην ταραχὴν λαμβά- <lb></lb>
νειν τῷ εἰ καὶ ἐδόξαζον ταῦτα· <lb></lb>
ἡ δὲ ἀταραξία τῷ τούτων πάν<lb></lb>
των ἀπολελύσθαι καὶ συνεχῆ μνήμην ἔχειν τῶν ὅλων καὶ κυριω<lb></lb>
τάτων. </s><s>Ὅθεν τοῖς πάθεσι προσεκτέον τοῖς παροῦσι καὶ ταῖς <lb></lb>
αἰσθήσεσι, κατὰ μὲν τὸ κοινὸν ταῖς κοιναῖς, κατὰ δὲ τὸ ἴδιον <lb></lb>
ταῖς ἰδίαις, καὶ πάσῃ τῇ παρούσῃ καθ&#039; ἕκαστον τῶν κριτηρίων <lb></lb>
ἐναργείᾳ· ἂν γὰρ τούτοις προσέχωμεν, τὸ ὅθεν ὁ τάραχος καὶ <lb></lb>
ὁ φόβος ἐγίνετο ἐξαιτιολογήσομεν ὀρθῶς καὶ ἀπολύσομεν, ὑπὲρ <lb></lb>
τε μετεώρων αἰτιολογοῦντες καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν τῶν ἀεὶ παρεμπι<lb></lb>
πτόντων, ὅσα φοβεῖ τοὺς λοιποὺς ἐσχάτως. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ταῦτά σοι, ὦ Ἡρόδοτε, ἔστι κεφαλαιωδέστατα ὑπὲρ τῆς <lb></lb>
τῶν ὅλων φύσεως ἐπιτετμημένα. </s><s><lb></lb>
ὥστ&#039; ἂν γένοιτο οὗτος ὁ <lb></lb>
λόγος δυνατός, κατασχεθεὶς μετ&#039; ἀκριβείας, οἶμαι, ἐὰν μὴ καὶ <lb></lb>
πρὸς ἅπαντα βαδίσῃ τις τῶν κατὰ μέρος ἀκριβωμάτων, ἀσύμ<lb></lb>
βλητον αὐτὸν πρὸς τοὺς λοιποὺς ἀνθρώπους ἁδρότητα λήψε<lb></lb>
σθαι. </s><s>καὶ γὰρ καὶ καθαρὰ ἀφ&#039; ἑαυτοῦ ποιήσει πολλὰ τῶν κατὰ <lb></lb>
μέρος ἐξακριβουμένων κατὰ τὴν ὅλην πραγματείαν ἡμῖν, καὶ <lb></lb>
αὐτὰ ταῦτα ἐν μνήμῃ τιθέμενα συνεχῶς βοηθήσει. </s><s>τοιαῦτα γάρ <lb></lb>
ἐστιν, ὥστε καὶ τοὺς κατὰ μέρος ἤδη ἐξακριβοῦντας ἱκανῶς ἢ <lb></lb>
καὶ τελείως, εἰς τὰς τοιαύτας ἀναλύοντας ἐπιβολὰς τὰς πλεί<lb></lb>
στας τῶν περιοδειῶν ὑπὲρ τῆς ὅλης φύσεως ποιεῖσθαι· ὅσοι δὲ <lb></lb>
μὴ παντελῶς αὐτῶν τῶν ἀποτελου<pb pagenum="256"></pb>μένων εἰσίν, ἐκ τούτων καὶ <lb></lb>
κατὰ τὸν ἄνευ φθόγγων τρόπον τὴν ἅμα νοήματι περίοδον τῶν <lb></lb>
κυριωτάτων πρὸς γαληνισμὸν ποιοῦνται.  <lb></lb>
</s></p></chap>
<chap><p><s>CANONICA EPICURI <lb></lb><foreign lang="la">[NOT TRANSCRIBED -- FROM SEXTUS EMPIRICUS]</foreign></s><pb pagenum="257"></pb></p></chap>
<chap>
<p type="head"><s>Ἐπίκουρος Πυθοκλεῖ χαίρειν. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ἤνεγκέ μοι Κλέων ἐπιστολὴν παρὰ σοῦ ἐν ᾗ φιλοφρονού<lb></lb>
μενός τε περὶ ἡμᾶς διετέλεις ἀξίως τῆς ἡμετέρας περὶ σεαυτὸν <lb></lb>
σπουδῆς, καὶ οὐκ ἀπιθάνως ἐπειρῶ μνημονεύειν τῶν εἰς μακά<lb></lb>
ριον βίον συντεινόντων διαλογισμῶν, ἐδέου τε σεαυτῷ περὶ τῶν <lb></lb>
μετεώρων <pb pagenum="258"></pb>σύντομον καὶ εὐπερίγραφον διαλογισμὸν ἀποστεῖλαι, <lb></lb>
ἵνα ῥᾳδίως μνημονεύῃς· τὰ γὰρ ἐν ἄλλοις ἡμῖν γεγραμμένα <lb></lb>
δυσμνημόνευτα εἶναι, καίτοι, ὡς ἔφης, συνεχῶς αὐτὰ βαστάζεις. </s><s><lb></lb>
ἡμεῖς δὲ ἡδέως τέ σου τὴν δέησιν ἀπεδεξάμεθα καὶ ἐλπίσιν <lb></lb>
ἡδείαις συνεσχέθημεν. </s><s><lb></lb>
γράψαντες οὖν τὰ λοιπὰ πάντα συντε<lb></lb>
λοῦμεν ἅπερ ἠξίωσας πολλοῖς καὶ ἄλλοις ἐσόμενα χρήσιμα τὰ <lb></lb>
διαλογίσματα ταῦτα, καὶ μάλιστα τοῖς νεωστὶ φυσιολογίας <lb></lb>
γνησίου γευομένοις καὶ τοῖς εἰς ἀσχολίας βαθυτέρας, τῶν ἐγκυ<lb></lb>
κλίων τινὸς ἐμπεπλεγμένοις. </s><s>καλῶς δὴ αὐτὰ διάλαβε, καὶ διὰ <lb></lb>
μνήμης ἔχων ὀξέως αὐτὰ περιόδευε μετὰ τῶν λοιπῶν ὧν ἐν <lb></lb>
τῇ μικρᾷ ἐπιτομῇ πρὸς Ἡρόδοτον ἀπεστείλαμεν. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Πρῶτον μὲν οὖν μὴ ἄλλο τι τέλος ἐκ τῆς περὶ μετεώρων <lb></lb>
γνώσεως εἴτε κατὰ συναφὴν λεγομένων εἴτε αὐτοτελῶς νομί- <lb></lb>
ζειν εἶναι ἤπερ ἀταραξίαν καὶ πίστιν βέβαιον, καθάπερ καὶ ἐπὶ <lb></lb>
τῶν λοιπῶν· <lb></lb>
μήτε τὸ ἀδύνατον [καὶ] παραβιάζεσθαι, μήτε <lb></lb>
ὁμοίαν κατὰ πάντα τὴν θεωρίαν ἔχειν ἢ τοῖς περὶ βίων λόγοις <lb></lb>
ἢ τοῖς κατὰ τὴν τῶν ἄλλων φυσικῶν προβλημάτων κάθαρσιν, <lb></lb>
οἷον ὅτι τὸ πᾶν σῶμα καὶ ἀναφὴς φύσις ἐστίν, ἢ ὅτι ἄτομα στοι<lb></lb>
χεῖα καὶ πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτα δὴ ὅσα μοναχὴν ἔχει τοῖς φαινομένοις <lb></lb>
συμφωνίαν· ὅπερ ἐπὶ τῶν μετεώρων οὐχ ὑπάρχει, ἀλλὰ ταῦτά <lb></lb>
γε πλεοναχὴν ἔχει καὶ τῆς γενέσεως αἰτίαν καὶ τῆς οὐσίας <lb></lb>
ταῖς αἰσθήσεσι σύμφωνον κατηγορίαν. </s><s>οὐ γὰρ κατὰ ἀξιώματα <lb></lb>
κενὰ καὶ νομοθεσίας φυσιολογητέον, ἀλλ&#039; ὡς τὰ φαινόμενα ἐκ<lb></lb>
καλεῖται· <lb></lb>
οὐ γὰρ ἤδη ἀλογίας καὶ κενῆς <pb pagenum="259"></pb>δόξης ὁ βίος ἡμῶν <lb></lb>
ἔχει χρείαν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἀθορύβως ἡμᾶς ζῆν. </s><s>πάντα μὲν οὖν γί<lb></lb>
νεται ἀσείστως κατὰ πάντων κατὰ πλεοναχὸν τρόπον ἐκκαθαι<lb></lb>
ρομένων συμφώνως τοῖς φαινομένοις, ὅταν τις τὸ πιθανολογού<lb></lb>
μενον ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν δεόντως καταλίπῃ· ὅταν δέ τις τὸ μὲν ἀπο<lb></lb>
λίπῃ τὸ δὲ ἐκβάλῃ ὁμοίως σύμφωνον ὂν τῷ φαινομένῳ, δῆλον <lb></lb>
ὅτι καὶ ἐκ παντὸς ἐκπίπτει φυσιολογήματος, ἐπὶ δὲ τὸν μῦθον <lb></lb>
καταρρεῖ. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Σημεῖα δ&#039; ἐπὶ τῶν ἐν τοῖς μετεώροις συντελουμένων φέρει <lb></lb>
τῶν παρ&#039; ἡμῖν τινα φαινομένων, ἃ θεωρεῖται ᾗ ὑπάρχει· καὶ οὐ <lb></lb>
τὰ ἐν τοῖς μετώροις φαινόμενα· ταῦτα γὰρ ἐνδέχεται πλεοναχῶς <lb></lb>
γίνεσθαι. </s><s><lb></lb>
τὸ μέντοι φάντασμα ἑκάστου τηρητέον καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ <lb></lb>
συναπτόμενα τούτῳ διαιρετέον, ἃ οὐκ ἀντιμαρτυρεῖται τοῖς <lb></lb>
παρ&#039; ἡμῖν γινομένοις πλεοναχῶς συντελεῖσθαι. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Κόσμος ἐστὶ περιοχὴ τις οὐρανοῦ, ἄστρα τε καὶ γῆν καὶ  <lb></lb>
πάντα τὰ φαινόμενα περιέχουσα, ἀποτομὴν ἔχουσα ἀπὸ τοῦ <lb></lb>
ἀπείρου, καὶ καταλήγουσα ἐν πέρατι ἢ ἀραιῷ ἢ πυκνῷ̄καὶ <lb></lb>
οὗ λυομένου πάντα τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ σύγχυσιν λήψεταῑ[καὶ λή<lb></lb>
γουσαν] ἢ [ἐν] περιαγομένῳ ἢ [ἐν] στάσιν ἔχοντι, καὶ στρογ<lb></lb>
γύλην ἢ τρίγωνον ἢ οἵαν δήποτε περιγραφήν· πανταχῶς γὰρ <lb></lb>
ἐνδέχεται· τῶν γὰρ φαινομένων οὐδὲν ἀντιμαρτυρεῖ τῷδε τῷ <lb></lb>
κόσμῳ ἐν ᾧ λῆγον οὐκ ἔστι καταλαβεῖν. </s><s><lb></lb>
Ὅτι δὲ καὶ τοιοῦτοι <lb></lb>
κόσμοι εἰσὶν ἄπειροι τὸ πλῆθος ἔστι καταλαβεῖν, καὶ ὅτι καὶ <lb></lb>
ὁ τοιοῦτος δύναται κόσμος γίνεσθαι καὶ ἐν κόσμῳ καὶ μετα<lb></lb>
κοσμίῳ, ὃ λέγομεν μεταξὺ κόσμων <pb pagenum="260"></pb>διάστημα, ἐν πολυκένῳ <lb></lb>
τόπῳ καὶ οὐκ ἐν μεγάλῳ εἰλικρινεῖ καὶ κενῷ, καθάπερ τινές <lb></lb>
φασιν, ἐπιτηδείων τινῶν σπερμάτων ῥυέντων ἀφ&#039; ἑνὸς κόσμου <lb></lb>
ἢ μετακοσμίου ἢ ἀπὸ πλειόνων κατὰ μικρὸν προσθέσεις τε καὶ <lb></lb>
διαρθρώσεις καὶ μεταστάσεις ποιούντων ἐπ&#039; ἄλλον τόπον, ἐὰν <lb></lb>
οὕτω τύχῃ, καὶ ἐπαρδεύσεις ἐκ τῶν ἐχόντων ἐπιτηδείως ἕως <lb></lb>
τελειώσεως καὶ διαμονῆς ἐφ&#039; ὅσον τὰ ὑποβληθέντα θεμέλια τὴν <lb></lb>
προσδοχὴν δύναται ποιεῖσθαι· <lb></lb>
οὐ γὰρ ἀθροισμὸν δεῖ μόνον γε<lb></lb>
νέσθαι οὐδὲ δῖνον ἐν ᾧ ἐνδέχεται κόσμον γίνεσθαι κενῷ κατὰ <lb></lb>
τὸ δοξαζόμενον ἐξ ἀνάγκης, αὔξεσθαί τε ἕως ἂν ἑτέρῳ προσ<lb></lb>
κρούσῃ, καθάπερ τῶν φυσικῶν καλουμένων φησί τις. </s><s>τοῦτο γὰρ <lb></lb>
μαχόμενόν ἐστι τοῖς φαινομένοις. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ἥλιός τε καὶ σελήνη καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ἄστρα &lt;οὐ&gt; καθ&#039; ἑαυτὰ <lb></lb>
γενόμενα ὕστερον ἐμπεριελαμβάνετο ὑπὸ τοῦ κόσμου καὶ ὅσα <lb></lb>
γε δὴ σῴζει, ἀλλ&#039; εὐθὺς διεπλάττετο καὶ αὔξησιν ἐλάμβανεν, <lb></lb>
ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ γῆ καὶ θάλαττα, κατὰ προσκρίσεις καὶ δινήσεις <lb></lb>
λεπτομερῶν τινων φύσεων, ἤτοι πνευματικῶν ἢ πυροειδῶν ἢ τὸ <lb></lb>
συναμφότερον· καὶ γὰρ ταῦτα οὕτως ἡ αἴσθησις ὑποβάλλει.  <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Τὸ δὲ μέγεθος ἡλίου τε καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν ἄστρων κατὰ μὲν τὸ <lb></lb>
πρὸς ἡμᾶς τηλικοῦτόν ἐστιν ἡλίκον φαίνεται, ̔τοῦτο καὶ <lb></lb>
ἐν τῇ &lt;ι&gt; </s><s>&lt;α&gt; </s><s>Περὶ φύσεως· εἰ γὰρ, φησί, τὸ μέγεθος διὰ τὸ <lb></lb>
διάστημα ἀποβεβλήκει, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἂν τὴν χρόαν· ἄλλο γὰρ <lb></lb>
τούτῳ συμμετρότερον διάστημα οὐθέν ἐστι.̓ κατὰ δὲ τὸ καθ&#039; <lb></lb>
αὑτὸ ἤτοι μεῖζον τοῦ ὁρω<pb pagenum="261"></pb>μένου ἢ μικρῷ ἔλαττον ἢ τηλικοῦτον <lb></lb>
[οὐχ ἅμα]. </s><s>οὕτω γὰρ καὶ τὰ παρ&#039; ἡμῖν πυρὰ ἐξ ἀποστήματος <lb></lb>
θεωρούμενα κατὰ τὴν αἴσθησιν θεωρεῖται. </s><s>καὶ πᾶν δὲ τὸ εἰς <lb></lb>
τοῦτο τὸ μέρος ἔνστημα ῥᾳδίως διαλυθήσεται ἐάν τις τοῖς ἐναρ<lb></lb>
γήμασι προσέχῃ, ὅπερ ἐν τοῖς περὶ φύσεως βιβλίοις δείκνυμεν. </s><s><lb></lb>
Ἀνατολὰς καὶ δύσεις ἡλίου καὶ σελήνης καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν ἄστρων <lb></lb>
καὶ κατὰ ἄναψιν γίνεσθαι δύνασθαι καὶ κατὰ σβέσιν, τοιαύτης <lb></lb>
οὔσης περιστάσεως καὶ καθ&#039; ἑκατέρους τοὺς τόπους, ὥστε τὰ <lb></lb>
προειρημένα ἀποτελεῖσθαι· οὐδὲν γὰρ τῶν φαινομένων ἀντιμαρ<lb></lb>
τυρεῖ· &lt;καὶ&gt; κατ&#039; ἐκφάνειάν τε ὑπὲρ γῆς καὶ πάλιν ἐπιπροσθέ<lb></lb>
τησιν τὸ προειρημένον δύναιτ&#039; ἂν συντελεῖσθαι· οὐδὲ γάρ τι <lb></lb>
τῶν φαινομένων ἀντιμαρτυρεῖ. </s><s>Τάς τε κινήσεις αὐτῶν οὐκ ἀδύ<lb></lb>
νατον μὲν γίνεσθαι κατὰ τὴν τοῦ ὅλου οὐρανοῦ δίνην, ἢ τούτου <lb></lb>
μὲν στάσιν, αὐτῶν δὲ δίνην κατὰ τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐν τῇ γενέσει <lb></lb>
τοῦ κόσμου ἀνάγκην ἀπογεννηθεῖσαν ἐπ&#039; ἀνατολῇ, <lb></lb>
εἶτα τῇ <lb></lb>
θερμασίᾳ, κατά τινα ἐπινέμησιν τοῦ πυρὸς ἀεὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἑξῆς <lb></lb>
τόπους ἰόντος. </s><s>Τροπὰς ἡλίου καὶ σελήνης ἐνδέχεται μὲν γί<lb></lb>
νεσθαι κατὰ λόξωσιν οὐρανοῦ οὕτω τοῖς χρόνοις κατηναγκα<lb></lb>
σμένου· ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ κατὰ ἀέρος ἀντέξωσιν ἢ καὶ ὕλης ἀεὶ  <lb></lb>
ἐπιτηδείας ἐχομένοις ἐμπιπραμένης τῆς δὲ καταλιπούσης, ᾒ <lb></lb>
καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τοιαύτην δίνην κατειληθῆναι τοῖς ἄστροις τού<lb></lb>
τοις, ὥσθ&#039; οἷόν τιν&#039; ἕλικα κινεῖσθαι· πάντα γὰρ τὰ τοιαῦτα καὶ <lb></lb>
τὰ τούτοις συγγενῆ οὐθενὶ τῶν ἐναργημάτων διαφωνεῖ, ἐάν τις <lb></lb>
ἀεὶ ἐπὶ τῶν τοιούτων μερῶν ἐχόμενος τοῦ δυνατοῦ εἰς τὸ σύμ<lb></lb>
φωνον τοῖς <pb pagenum="262"></pb>φαινομένοις ἕκαστον τούτων δύνηται ἐπάγειν, μὴ <lb></lb>
φοβούμενος τὰς ἀνδραποδώδεις ἀστρολόγων τεχνιτείας. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Κενώσεις τε σελήνης καὶ πάλιν πληρώσεις καὶ κατὰ στροφὴν <lb></lb>
τοῦ σώματος τούτου δύναιντ&#039; ἂν γίνεσθαι, καὶ κατὰ σχηματι<lb></lb>
σμοὺς ἀέρος ὁμοίως, ἔτι τε καὶ κατὰ προσθετήσεις καὶ κατὰ <lb></lb>
πάντας τρόπους καθ&#039; οὓς καὶ τὰ παρ&#039; ἡμῖν φαινόμενα ἐκκα<lb></lb>
λεῖται εἰς τὰς τούτου τοῦ εἴδους ἀποδόσεις, ἐὰν μή τις τὸν <lb></lb>
μοναχῇ τρόπον κατηγαπηκὼς τοὺς ἄλλους κενῶς ἀποδοκιμάζῃ, <lb></lb>
οὐ τεθεωρηκὼς τί δυνατὸν ἀνθρώπῳ θεωρῆσαι καὶ τί ἀδύνατον, <lb></lb>
καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀδύνατα θεωρεῖν ἐπιθυμῶν. </s><s>Ἔτι τε ἐνδέχεται <lb></lb>
&lt;μὲν&gt; τὴν σελήνην ἐξ ἑαυτῆς ἔχειν τὸ φῶς, ἐνδέχεται δὲ ἀπὸ <lb></lb>
τοῦ ἡλίου. </s><s><lb></lb>
καὶ γὰρ παρ&#039; ἡμῖν θεωρεῖται πολλὰ μὲν ἐξ ἑαυτῶν <lb></lb>
ἔχοντα, πολλὰ δὲ ἀφ&#039; ἑτέρων· καὶ οὐθὲν ἐμποδοστατεῖ τῶν ἐν <lb></lb>
τοῖς μετεώροις φαινομένων, ἐάν τις τοῦ πλεοναχοῦ τρόπου ἀεὶ <lb></lb>
μνήμην ἔχῃ καὶ τὰς ἀκολούθους αὐτοῖς ὑποθέσεις ἅμα καὶ αἰ<lb></lb>
τίας συνθεωρῇ καὶ μὴ ἀναβλέπων εἰς τὰ ἀνακόλουθα ταῦτ&#039; <lb></lb>
ὀγκοῖ ματαίως καὶ καταρρέπῃ ἄλλοτε ἄλλως ἐπὶ τὸν μοναχὸν <lb></lb>
τρόπον. </s><s>Ἡ δὲ ἔμφασις τοῦ προσώπου ἐν αὐτῇ δύναται μὲν γί<lb></lb>
νεσθαι καὶ κατὰ παραλλαγὴν μερῶν καὶ κατ&#039; ἐπιπροσθέτησιν,  <lb></lb>
καὶ ὅσοι ποτ&#039; ἂν τρόποι θεωροῖντο τὸ σύμφωνον τοῖς φαινομέ<lb></lb>
νοις κεκτημένοι· <lb></lb>
ἐπὶ πάντων γὰρ τῶν μετεώρων τὴν τοιαύτην <lb></lb>
ἴχνευσιν οὐ προετέον. </s><s>ἢν γάρ τις ᾖ μαχόμενος τοῖς ἐναργήμασιν, <lb></lb>
οὐδέποτε μὴ δυνήσεται ἀταραξίας γνη<pb pagenum="263"></pb>σίου μεταλαβεῖν. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ἔκλειψις ἡλίου καὶ σελήνης δύναται μὲν γίνεσθαι καὶ κατὰ <lb></lb>
σβέσιν, καθάπερ καὶ παρὰ ἡμῖν τοῦτο θεωρεῖται γινόμενον· καὶ <lb></lb>
ἤδη κατ&#039; ἐπιπροσθέτησιν ἄλλων τινῶν, ἢ γῆς ἢ οὐρανοῦ [ἤ] <lb></lb>
τινος ἑτέρου τοιούτου. </s><s>καὶ ὧδε τοὺς οἰκείους ἀλλήλοις τρό<lb></lb>
πους συνθεωρητέον, καὶ τὰς ἅμα συγκυρήσεις τινῶν ὅτι οὐκ ἀδύ<lb></lb>
νατον γίνεσθαι. </s><s>̔ἐν δὲ τῇ &lt;ι&gt; </s><s>&lt;β&gt; </s><s>Περὶ φύσεως ταὐτὰ λέ<lb></lb>
γει καὶ πρός, ἥλιον ἐκλείπειν σελήνης ἐπισκοτούσης, σελήνην δὲ <lb></lb>
τοῦ τῆς γῆς σκιάσματος, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατ&#039; ἀναχώρησιν· <lb></lb>
τοῦτο δὲ <lb></lb>
καὶ Διογένης ὁ Ἐπικούρειος ἐν τῇ &lt;α&gt; </s><s>τῶν Ἐπιλέκτων.̓ Ἔτι τε <lb></lb>
τάξις περιόδου, καθάπερ ἔνια καὶ παρ&#039; ἡμῖν τῶν τυχόντων γί<lb></lb>
νεται, λαμβανέσθω· καὶ ἡ θεία φύσις πρὸς ταῦτα μηδαμῇ προ<lb></lb>
σαγέσθω, ἀλλ&#039; ἀλειτούργητος διατηρείσθω καὶ ἐν τῇ πάσῃ μα<lb></lb>
καριότητι. </s><s>ὡς εἰ τοῦτο μὴ πραχθήσεται ἅπασα ἡ τῶν μετεώρων <lb></lb>
αἰτιολογία ματαία ἔσται, καθάπερ τισὶν ἤδη ἐγένετο οὐ δυνατοῦ <lb></lb>
τρόπου ἐφαψαμένοις, εἰς δὲ τὸ μάταιον ἐκπεσοῦσι τῷ καθ&#039; ἕνα <lb></lb>
τρόπον μόνον οἴεσθαι γίνεσθαι, τοὺς δ&#039; ἄλλους πάντας τοὺς κατὰ <lb></lb>
τὸ ἐνδεχόμενον ἐκβάλλειν, εἴς τε τὸ ἀδιανόητον φερομένους καὶ <lb></lb>
τὰ φαινόμενα ἃ δεῖ σημεῖα ἀποδέχεσθαι μὴ δυναμένους συν<lb></lb>
θεωρεῖν.  <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Μήκη νυκτῶν καὶ ἡμερῶν παραλλάττοντα καὶ παρὰ τὸ τα<lb></lb>
χείας ἡλίου κινήσεις γίνεσθαι καὶ πάλιν βραδείας ὑπὲρ γῆς <lb></lb>
&lt;ἢ καὶ&gt; παρὰ τὸ μήκη τόπων παραλλάττοντα καὶ τόπους τινὰς <lb></lb>
περαιοῦν τάχιον ἢ καὶ βραδύτερον, ὡς καὶ παρὰ ἡμῖν <pb pagenum="264"></pb>τινα θεω<lb></lb>
ρεῖται, οἷς συμφώνως δεῖ λέγειν ἐπὶ τῶν μετεώρων. </s><s>οἱ δὲ τὸ <lb></lb>
ἓν λαμβάνοντες τοῖς τε φαινομένοις μάχονται καὶ τὸ ᾗ δυνατὸν <lb></lb>
ἀνθρώπῳ θεωρῆσαι διαπεπτώκασιν. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ἐπισημασίαι δύνανται γίνεσθαι καὶ κατὰ συγκυρήσεις και<lb></lb>
ρῶν, καθάπερ ἐν τοῖς ἐμφανέσι παρ&#039; ἡμῖν ζῷοις, καὶ παρ&#039; ἑτε<lb></lb>
ροιώσεις ἀέρος καὶ μεταβολάς· ἀμφότερα γὰρ ταῦτα οὐ μάχεται <lb></lb>
τοῖς φαινομένοις· <lb></lb>
ἐπὶ δὲ ποίοις παρὰ τοῦτο ἢ τοῦτο τὸ αἴτιον <lb></lb>
γίνεται οὐκ ἔστι συνιδεῖν. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Νέφη δύναται γίνεσθαι καὶ συνίστασθαι καὶ παρὰ πιλήσεις <lb></lb>
ἀέρος πνευμάτων συνώσει καὶ παρὰ περιπλοκὰς ἀλληλούχων <lb></lb>
ἀτόμων καὶ ἐπιτηδείων εἰς τὸ τοῦτο τελέσαι, καὶ κατὰ ῥευμά<lb></lb>
των συλλογὴν ἀπό τε γῆς καὶ ὑδάτων· καὶ κατ&#039; ἄλλους δὲ τρό<lb></lb>
πους πλείους αἱ τῶν τοιούτων συστάσεις οὐκ ἀδυνατοῦσι συν<lb></lb>
τελεῖσθαι. </s><s>Ἤδη δ&#039; ἀπ&#039; αὐτῶν ᾗ μὲν θλιβομένων ᾗ δὲ μεταβαλ<lb></lb>
λόντων ὕδατα δύναται συντελεῖσθαι· <lb></lb>
ἔτι τε πνεύματα κατὰ <lb></lb>
ἀποφορὰν ἀπὸ ἐπιτηδείων τόπων, καὶ δι&#039; ἀέρος κινουμένου, <lb></lb>
βιαιοτέρας ἐπαρδεύσεως γινομένης ἀπό τινων ἀθροισμάτων ἐπι<lb></lb>
τηδείων εἰς τὰς τοιαύτας ἐπιπέμψεις. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Βροντὰς ἐνδέχεται γίνεσθαι καὶ κατὰ πνεύματος ἐν τοῖς <lb></lb>
κοιλώμασι τῶν νεφῶν ἀνείλησιν, καθάπερ ἐν τοῖς ἡμετέροις ἀγ<lb></lb>
γείοις καὶ παρὰ πυρὸς πεπνευματωμένου βόμβον ἐν αὐτοῖς, καὶ  <lb></lb>
κατὰ ῥήξεις δὲ νεφῶν καὶ διαστάσεις, καὶ κατὰ παρατρίψεις <lb></lb>
νεφῶν καὶ κατάξεις πῆξιν εἰληφότων κρυσταλλοειδῆ· καὶ τὸ <lb></lb><pb pagenum="265"></pb>
ὅλον καὶ τοῦτο τὸ μέρος πλεοναχῶς γίνεσθαι λέγειν ἐκκαλεῖται <lb></lb>
τὰ φαινόμενα. </s><s><lb></lb>
Καὶ ἀστραπαὶ δ&#039; ὡσαύτως γίνονται κατὰ πλείους <lb></lb>
τρόπους· καὶ γὰρ κατὰ παράτριψιν καὶ σύγκρουσιν νεφῶν ὁ <lb></lb>
πυρὸς ἀποτελεστικὸς σχηματισμὸς ἐξολισθαίνων ἀστραπὴν γεν<lb></lb>
νᾷ. </s><s>καὶ κατ&#039; ἐκριπισμὸν ἐκ τῶν νεφῶν ὑπὸ πνευμάτων τῶν τοιού<lb></lb>
των σωμάτων ἃ τὴν λαμπηδόνα ταύτην παρασκευάζει· καὶ κατ&#039; <lb></lb>
ἐκπιασμόν, θλίψεως τῶν νεφῶν γινομένης εἴθ&#039; ὑπ&#039; ἀλλήλων εἴθ&#039; <lb></lb>
ὑπὸ πνευμάτων· καὶ κατ&#039; ἐμπερίληψιν δὲ τοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ἄστρων <lb></lb>
κατεσπαρμένου φωτός, εἶτα συνελαυνομένου ὑπὸ τῆς κινήσεως <lb></lb>
νεφῶν τε καὶ πνευμάτων καὶ διεκπίπτοντος διὰ τῶν νεφῶν, ἢ <lb></lb>
κατὰ διήθησιν &lt;διὰ&gt; τῶν νεφῶν τοῦ λεπτομερεστάτου φωτός· ἢ <lb></lb>
ἀπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς νέφη συνειλέχθαι καὶ τὰς βροντὰς ἀποτελεῖσθαι <lb></lb>
[καὶ] κατὰ τὴν τούτου κίνησιν. </s><s>καὶ κατὰ τὴν τοῦ πνεύματος <lb></lb>
ἐκπύρωσιν τὴν γινομένην διά τε συντονίαν φορᾶς καὶ διὰ σφοδρὰν <lb></lb>
κατείλησιν· <lb></lb>
καὶ κατὰ ῥήξεις δὲ νεφῶν ὑπὸ πνευμάτων ἔκπτω<lb></lb>
σίν τε πυρὸς ἀποτελεστικῶν ἀτόμων καὶ τὸ τῆς ἀστραπῆς φάν<lb></lb>
τασμα ἀποτελουσῶν· καὶ κατ&#039; ἄλλους δὲ πλείους τρόπους ῥᾳδίως <lb></lb>
ἔσται καθορᾶν ἐχόμενον ἀεὶ τῶν φαινομένων καὶ τὸ τούτοις <lb></lb>
ὅμοιον δυνάμενον συνθεωρεῖν. </s><s>Προτερεῖ δὲ ἀστραπὴ βροντῆς ἐν <lb></lb>
τοιᾷδέ τινι περιστάσει νεφῶν καὶ διὰ τὸ ἅμα τῷ τὸ πνεῦμα <lb></lb>
ἐμπίπτειν ἐξωθεῖσθαι τὸν ἀστραπῆς ἀποτελεστικὸν σχηματι<lb></lb>
σμόν, ὕστερον δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα ἀνειλούμενον τὸν βόμβον ἀποτελεῖν <lb></lb>
τοῦτον· καὶ κατ&#039; ἔμπτωσιν δὲ ἀμφοτέρων <pb pagenum="266"></pb>ἅμα τῷ τάχει συντο- <lb></lb>
νωτέρῳ κεχρῆσθαι πρὸς ἡμᾶς τὴν ἀστραπήν, <lb></lb>
ὑστερεῖν δὲ τὴν <lb></lb>
βροντήν, καθάπερ ἐπ&#039; ἐνίων ἐξ ἀποστήματος θεωρουμένων καὶ <lb></lb>
πληγάς τινας ποιουμένων. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Κεραυνὸς ἐνδέχεται γίνεσθαι καὶ κατὰ πλείονας πνευμάτων <lb></lb>
συλλογὰς καὶ κατείλησιν ἰσχυράν τε ἐκπύρωσιν καὶ κατάρρηξιν <lb></lb>
μέρους καὶ ἔκπτωσιν ἰσχυροτέραν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τοὺς κάτω τόπους, <lb></lb>
τῆς ῥήξεως γινομένης διὰ τὸ τοὺς ἑξῆς τόπους πυκνοτέρους <lb></lb>
εἶναι διὰ πίλησιν νεφῶν· καὶ κατ&#039; αὐτὴν δὲ τὴν τοῦ πυρὸς ἔκ<lb></lb>
πτωσιν ἀνειλουμένου, καθὰ καὶ βροντὴν ἐνδέχεται γίνεσθαι, <lb></lb>
πλείονος γενομένου καὶ πνευματωθέντος ἰσχυρότερον καὶ ῥή<lb></lb>
ξαντος τὸ νέφος διὰ τὸ μὴ δύνασθαι ὑποχωρεῖν εἰς τὰ ἑξῆς, <lb></lb>
τῷ πίλησιν γίνεσθαι, τὸ μὲν πολὺ πρὸς ὅρος τι ὑψηλόν, ἐν ᾧ <lb></lb>
μάλιστα κεραυνοὶ πίπτουσιν, ἀεὶ &lt;δὲ&gt; πρὸς ἄλληλα. </s><s><lb></lb>
καὶ κατ&#039; <lb></lb>
ἄλλους δὲ τρόπους πλείονας ἐνδέχεται κεραυνὸς ἀποτελεῖσθαι· <lb></lb>
μόνον ὁ μῦθος ἀπέστω· ἀπέσται δέ, ἐάν τις καλῶς τοῖς φαινο<lb></lb>
μένοις ἀκολουθῶν περὶ τῶν ἀφανῶν σημειῶται. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Πρηστῆρας ἐνδέχεται γινεσθαι καὶ κατὰ κάθεσιν νέφους εἰς <lb></lb>
τοὺς κάτω τόπους στυλοειδῶς ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἀθρόου ὠσθέντος, <lb></lb>
καὶ διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος πολλοῦ φερομένου, ἅμα καὶ τὸ νέφος <lb></lb>
εἰς τὸ πλάγιον ὠθοῦντος τοῦ ἐκτὸς πνεύματος· καὶ κατὰ περί<lb></lb>
στασιν δὲ πνεύματος εἰς κύκλον, ἀέρος τινὸς ἐπισυνωθουμένου <lb></lb>
ἄνωθεν καὶ ῥύσεως πολλῆς πνευμάτων γινομένης καὶ οὐ δυ<lb></lb>
ναμένης εἰς τὰ πλάγια διαρρυῆναι διὰ τὴν πέ<pb pagenum="266"></pb>ριξ τοῦ ἀέρος <lb></lb>
πίλησιν. </s><s><lb></lb>
καὶ ἕως μὲν γῆς τοῦ πρηστῆρος καθιεμένου στρό<lb></lb>
βιλοι γίνονται, ὡς ἂν καὶ ἡ ἀπογέννησις κατὰ τὴν κίνησιν τοῦ <lb></lb>
πνεύματος γίνηται, ἕως δὲ θαλάττης δῖνοι ἀποτελοῦνται. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Σεισμοὺς ἐνδέχεται γίνεσθαι καὶ κατὰ πνεύματος ἐν τῇ γῇ  <lb></lb>
ἀπόληψιν καὶ παρὰ μικροὺς ὄγκους αὐτῆς παράθεσιν καὶ συ<lb></lb>
νεχῆ κίνησιν, ὃ τὴν κράδανσιν τῇ γῇ παρασκευάζει. </s><s>καὶ τὸ πνεῦ<lb></lb>
μα τοῦτο ἢ ἔξωθεν ἐμπεριλαμβάνει &lt;ἢ&gt; ἐκ τοῦ πίπτειν [εἰσ] <lb></lb>
ἐδάφη εἰς ἀντροειδεῖς τόπους τῆς γῆς ἐκπνευματοῦντα τὸν πε<lb></lb>
πιλημένον ἀέρα· &lt;καὶ&gt; κατ&#039; αὐτὴν δὲ τὴν διάδοσιν τῆς κινήσεως <lb></lb>
ἐκ τῶν πτώσεων ἐδαφῶν πολλῶν καὶ πάλιν ἀνταπόδοσιν, ὅταν <lb></lb>
πυκνώμασι σφοδροτέροις τῆς γῆς ἀπαντήσῃ, ἐνδέχεται σεισμοὺς <lb></lb>
ἀποτελεῖσθαι. </s><s><lb></lb>
καὶ κατ&#039; ἄλλους δὲ πλείους τρόπους τὰς κινήσεις <lb></lb>
ταύτας τῆς γῆς γίνεσθαι. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Τὰ δὲ πνεύματα συμβαίνει γίνεσθαι κατὰ χρόνον ἀλλοφυ<lb></lb>
λίας τινὸς ἀεὶ καὶ κατὰ μικρὸν παρεισδυομένης, καὶ καθ&#039; ὕδατος <lb></lb>
ἀφθόνου συλλογήν. </s><s>τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν πνεύματα γίνεται καὶ ὀλίγων <lb></lb>
πεσόντων εἰς τὰ πολλὰ κοιλώματα, διαδόσεως τούτων γινομένης. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Χάλαζα συντελεῖται καὶ κατὰ πῆξιν ἰσχυροτέραν, πάντοθεν <lb></lb>
δὲ πνευματωδῶν περίστασίν τινων, καὶ καταμέρισιν· καὶ τῆξιν <lb></lb>
μετριωτέραν ὑδατοειδῶν τινων, ὁμοῦ ῥῆξιν ἅμα τήν τε σύνωσιν <lb></lb>
αὐτῶν ποιουμένην καὶ τὴν διάρρηξιν πρὸς τὸ κατὰ μέρη συν<lb></lb>
ίστασθαι πηγνύμενα καὶ κατὰ ἀθρότητα· <lb></lb>
ἡ δὲ περιφέρεια οὐκ <lb></lb>
ἀδυνάτως μὲν ἔχει γίνεσθαι πάντοθεν τῶν ἄκρων ἀποτηκομένων <lb></lb>
καὶ ἐν τῇ συστάσει πάντοθεν, ὡς λέγεται,<pb pagenum="267"></pb> κατὰ μέρη ὁμαλῶς <lb></lb>
περιισταμένων εἴτε ὑδατοειδῶν τινων, εἴτε πνευματοδῶν. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Χιόνα δὲ ἐνδέχεται συντελεῖσθαι καὶ ὕδατος λεπτοῦ ἐκχεο<lb></lb>
μένου ἐκ τῶν νεφῶν, διὰ πόρων συμμετρίας καὶ θλίψεως ἐπιτη<lb></lb>
δείων νεφῶν ἀεὶ ὑπὸ πνεύματος σφοδρᾶς, εἶτα τούτου πῆξιν  <lb></lb>
ἐν τῇ φορᾷ λαμβάνοντος διά τινα ἰσχυρὰν ἐν τοῖς κατώτερον <lb></lb>
τόποις τῶν νεφῶν ψυχρασίας περίστασιν· καὶ κατὰ πῆξιν δ&#039; ἐν <lb></lb>
τοῖς νέφεσιν ὁμαλῆ ἀραιότητα ἔχουσαν τοιαύτη πρόεσις ἐκ τῶν <lb></lb>
νεφῶν γίνοιτο ἄν, πρὸς ἄλληλα θλιβομένων ὑδατοειδῶν τινων <lb></lb>
συμπαρακειμένων, ἃ οἱονεὶ σύνωσιν ποιούμενα χάλαζαν ἀπο<lb></lb>
τελεῖ, ὃ μάλιστα γίνεται ἐν τῷ ἔαρι· <lb></lb>
καὶ κατὰ τρῖψιν δὲ νεφῶν <lb></lb>
πῆξιν εἰληφότων ἀπόπαλσιν ἂν λαμβάνοι τὸ τῆς χιόνος τοῦτο <lb></lb>
ἄθροισμα. </s><s>καὶ κατ&#039; ἄλλους δὲ τρόπους ἐνδέχεται χιόνα συν<lb></lb>
τελεῖσθαι. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Δρόσος συντελεῖται καὶ κατὰ σύνοδον πρὸς ἄλληλα ἐκ τοῦ <lb></lb>
ἀέρος τῶν τοιούτων, ἃ τῆς τοιαύτης ὑγρασίας ἀποτελεστικὰ γί<lb></lb>
νεται· καὶ κατὰ φορὰν δὲ ἢ ἀπὸ νοτερῶν τόπων ἢ ὕδατα κεκτη<lb></lb>
μένων, ἐν οἷς τόποις μάλιστα δρόσος συντελεῖται, εἶτα σύνοδον <lb></lb>
τούτων εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ λαβόντων καὶ ἀποτέλεσιν ὑγρασίας καὶ πά<lb></lb>
λιν φορὰν ἐπὶ τοὺς κάτω τόπους, καθάπερ ὁμοίως καὶ παρ&#039; <lb></lb>
ἡμῖν ἐπὶ πλειόνων τοιαῦτά τινα συντελεῖται. </s><s><lb></lb>
&lt;Πάχνη δὲ συν<lb></lb>
τελεῖται&gt; τῶν δρόσων τούτων πῆξίν τινα ποιὰν λαβόντων διὰ <lb></lb>
περίστασίν τινα ἀέρος ψυχροῦ. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Κρύσταλλος συντελεῖται καὶ κατ&#039; ἔκθλιψιν μὲν τοῦ περι<lb></lb>
φεροῦς σχηματισμοῦ ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος, σύνωσιν δὲ τῶν <pb pagenum="268"></pb>σκαληνῶν <lb></lb>
καὶ ὀξυγωνίων τῶν ἐν τῇ ὕδατι ὑπαρχόντων, καὶ κατὰ ἔξωθεν <lb></lb>
δὲ τῶν τοιούτων πρόσκρισιν, ἃ συνελασθέντα πῆξιν τῷ ὕδατι <lb></lb>
παρεσκεύασε, ποσὰ τῶν περιφερῶν ἐκθλίψαντα. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ἶρις γίνεται κατὰ πρόσλαμψιν [ὑπὸ] τοῦ ἡλίου πρὸς ἀέρα <lb></lb>
ὑδατοειδῆ, ἢ κατὰ πρόσφυσιν ἰδίαν τοῦ τε φωτὸς καὶ τοῦ ἀέρος, <lb></lb>
ἣ τὰ τῶν χρωμάτων τούτων ἰδιώματα ποιήσει εἴτε πάντα εἴτε <lb></lb>
μονοειδῶς, ἀφ&#039; οὗ πάλιν ἀπολάμποντος τὰ ὁμοροῦντα τοῦ ἀέρος  <lb></lb>
χρῶσιν ταύτην λήψεται, οἵαν θεωροῦμεν, κατὰ πρόσλαμψιν πρὸς <lb></lb>
τὰ μέρη. </s><s><lb></lb>
Τὸ δὲ τῆς περιφερείας τοῦτου φάντασμα γίνεται διὰ <lb></lb>
τὸ τὸ διάστημα πάντοθεν ἴσον ὑπὸ τῆς ὄψεως θεωρεῖσθαι, ἢ <lb></lb>
σύνωσιν τοιαύτην λαμβανουσῶν τῶν ἐν τῷ ἀέρι &lt;ἀ&gt;τόμων ἢ ἐν <lb></lb>
τοῖς νέφεσιν ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἀέρος [προσφερομένου πρὸς τὴν <lb></lb>
σελήνην]· ἀποφερομένων ἀτόμων περιφέρειάν τινα καθίεσθαι <lb></lb>
τὴν σύγκρισιν ταύτην. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ἄλως περὶ τὴν σελήνην γίνεται [καὶ κατὰ] πάντοθεν ἀέρος <lb></lb>
προσφερομένου πρὸς τὴν σελήνην ἢ τὰ ἀπ&#039; αὐτῆς ῥεύματα ἀπο<lb></lb>
φερόμενα ὁμαλῶς ἀναστέλλοντος ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ἐφ&#039; ὅσον κύκλῳ <lb></lb>
περιστῆσαι τὸ νεφοειδὲς τοῦτο καὶ μὴ τὸ παράπαν διακρῖναι, <lb></lb>
ἢ καὶ τὸν πέριξ αὐτῆς ἀέρα ἀναστέλλοντος συμμέτρως πάντο<lb></lb>
θεν εἰς τὸ περιφερὲς τὸ περὶ αὐτὴν καὶ παχυμερὲς περιστῆσαι. </s><s><lb></lb>
ὅ γίνεται κατὰ μέρη τινὰ ἤτοι ἔξωθεν βιασαμένου τινὸς ῥεύ<lb></lb>
ματος ἢ τῆς θερμασίας ἐπιτηδείων πόρων ἐπιλαμβανομένης εἰς <lb></lb>
τὸ τοῦτο ἀπεργάσασθαι. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Κομῆται ἀστέρες γίνονται ἤτοι πυρὸς ἐν τόποις τισὶ διὰ <lb></lb>
χρόνων τινῶν ἐν τοῖς μετεώροις συντρεφομένου περιστάσεως <lb></lb>
γινομένης, ἢ ἰδίαν τινὰ κίνησιν διὰ χρόνων τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἴσχον<lb></lb>
τος ὑπὲρ ἡμᾶς, ὥστε τὰ τοιαῦτα ἄστρα ἀναφανῆναι, ἢ αὐ<pb pagenum="269"></pb>τὰ ἐν <lb></lb>
χρόνοις τισὶν ὁρμῆσαι διά τινα περίστασιν καὶ εἰς τοὺς καθ&#039; <lb></lb>
ἡμᾶς τόπους ἐλθεῖν καὶ ἐκφανῆ γενέσθαι. </s><s>τήν τε ἀφάνισιν τού<lb></lb>
των γίνεσθαι παρὰ τὰς ἀντικειμένας ταύταις αἰτίας. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Τινὰ &lt;ἄστρα&gt; στρέφεται αὐτοῦ, ὃ συμβαίνει οὐ μόνον τῷ τὸ <lb></lb>
μέρος τοῦτο τοῦ κόσμου ἑστάναι, περὶ ὃ τὸ λοιπὸν στρέφεται,  <lb></lb>
καθάπερ τινές φασιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ δίνην ἀέρος ἔγκυκλον αὐ<lb></lb>
τοῖς περιεστάναι, ἣ κωλυτικὴ γίνεται τοῦ περιπολεῖν ὡς καὶ τὰ <lb></lb>
ἄλλα. </s><s>ἢ καὶ διὰ τὸ ἑξῆς μὲν αὐτοῖς ὕλην ἐπιτηδείαν μὴ εἶναι, <lb></lb>
ἐν δὲ τοῦτῳ τῷ τόπῳ ἐν ᾧ κείμενα θεωρεῖται· καὶ κατ&#039; ἄλλους <lb></lb>
δὲ πλείονας τρόπους τοῦτο δυνατὸν συντελεῖσθαι, ἐάν τις δύ<lb></lb>
νηται τὸ σύμφωνον τοῖς φαινομένοις συλλογίζεσθαι. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Τινὰ τῶν ἄστρων πλανᾶσθαι, εἰ οὕτω ταῖς κινήσεσι χρώμε<lb></lb>
να συμβαίνει, τινὰ δὲ μὴ [κινεῖσθαι] <lb></lb>
ἐνδέχεται μὲν καὶ παρὰ <lb></lb>
τὸ κύκλῳ κινούμενα ἐξ ἀρχῆς οὕτω κατηναγκάσθαι, ὥστε τὰ <lb></lb>
μὲν κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν δῖναν φέρεσθαι ὁμαλὴν οὖσαν, τὰ δὲ κατὰ <lb></lb>
τὴν ἅμα τισὶν ἀνομαλίαις χρωμένην· ἐνδέχεται δὲ καὶ καθ&#039; οὓς <lb></lb>
τόπους φέρεται οὗ μὲν παρεκτάσεις ἀέρος εἶναι ὁμαλεῖς ἐπὶ τὸ <lb></lb>
αὐτὸ συνωθούσας κατὰ τὸ ἑξῆς ὁμαλῶς τε ἐκκαούσας, οὗ δὲ <lb></lb>
ἀνωμαλεῖς οὕτως, ὥστε τὰς θεωρουμένας παραλλαγὰς συντε<lb></lb>
λεῖσθαι. </s><s>τὸ δὲ μίαν αἰτίαν τούτων ἀποδιδόναι, πλεοναχῶς τῶν <lb></lb>
φαινομένων ἐκκαλουμένων, μανικὸν καὶ οὐ καθηκόντως πρατ<lb></lb>
τόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν τὴν ματαίαν ἀστρολογίαν ἐζηλωκότων καὶ <lb></lb>
εἰς τὸ κενὸν αἰτίας <pb pagenum="270"></pb>τινῶν ἀποδιδόντων, ὅταν τὴν θείαν φύσιν <lb></lb>
μηθαμῇ λειτουργιῶν ἀπολύωσι. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Τινὰ ἄστρα ὑπολειπόμενά τινων θεωρεῖσθαι συμβαίνει καὶ <lb></lb>
παρὰ τὸ βραδύτερον συμπεριφέρεσθαι τὸν αὐτὸν κύκλον πε<lb></lb>
ριιόντα, καὶ παρὰ τὸ τὴν ἐναντίαν κινεῖσθαι ἀντισπώμενα ὑπὸ <lb></lb>
τῆς αὐτῆς δίνης, καὶ παρὰ τὸ περιφέρεσθαι τὰ μὲν διὰ πλείονος <lb></lb>
τόπου, τὰ δὲ δι&#039; ἐλάττονος, τὴν αὐτὴν δῖναν περικυκλοῦντα. </s><s><lb></lb>
τὸ δὲ ἁπλῶς ἀποφαίνεσθαι περὶ τούτων καθῆκόν ἐστι τοῖς τε<lb></lb>
ρατεύεσθαί τι πρὸς τοὺς πολλοὺς βουλομένοις. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Οἱ λεγόμενοι ἀστέρες ἐκπίπτειν καὶ παρὰ μέρος καὶ παρὰ <lb></lb>
τρῖψιν νεφῶν δύνανται συντελεῖσθαι καὶ παρὰ ἔκπτωσιν, οὗ ἂν  <lb></lb>
ἡ ἐκπνευμάτωσις γένηται, καθάπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀστραπῶν ἐλέ<lb></lb>
γομεν· <lb></lb>
καὶ κατὰ σύνοδον δὲ ἀτόμων πυρὸς ἀποτελεστικῶν <lb></lb>
συμφυλίας γενομένης εἰς τὸ τοῦτο τελέσαι, καὶ κατὰ κίνησιν <lb></lb>
οὗ ἂν ἡ ὁρμὴ ἐξ ἀρχῆς κατὰ τὴν σύνοδον γένηται· καὶ κατὰ <lb></lb>
πνευμάτων δὲ συλλογὴν ἐν πυκνώμασίν τισιν [ἐν] ὀμιχλοειδέσι <lb></lb>
καὶ ἐκπύρωσιν τούτων διὰ τὴν κατείλησιν εἶτ&#039; ἐπέκρηξιν &lt;ἐκ&gt; <lb></lb>
τῶν περιεχόντων, καὶ ἐφ&#039; ὃν ἂν τόπον ἡ ὁρμὴ γένηται τῆς φορᾶς, <lb></lb>
εἰς τοῦτον φερομένων. </s><s>καὶ ἄλλοι δὲ τρόποι εἰς τοῦτο τελέσαι <lb></lb>
ἀμύθητοί εἰσιν. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Αἱ δ&#039; ἐπισημασίαι αἱ γινόμεναι ἐπί τισι ζῴοις κατὰ συγκύ<lb></lb>
ρημα γίνονται τοῦ καιροῦ. </s><s>οὐ γὰρ τὰ ζῷα ἀνάγκην τινὰ προσφέ<lb></lb>
ρεται τοῦ ἀποτελεσθῆναι χειμῶνα, οὐδὲ κάθηταί τις θεία φύσις <lb></lb>
παρατηροῦσα τὰς τῶν ζῴων <pb pagenum="271"></pb>τούτων ἐξόδους κἄπειτα τὰς ἐπι<lb></lb>
σημασίας ταύτας ἐπιτελεῖ. </s><s><lb></lb>
οὐδὲ γὰρ &lt;ἂν&gt; εἰς τὸ τυχὸν ζῷον <lb></lb>
κἂν μικρῷ χαριέστερον ᾖ, ἡ τοιαύτη μωρία ἐκπέσοι, μὴ ὅτι εἰς <lb></lb>
παντελῆ εὐδαιμονίαν κεκτημένον. <lb></lb>
</s></p><p><s>Ταῦτα δὲ πάντα, Πυθόκλεις, μνημόνευσον· κατὰ πολύ τε <lb></lb>
γὰρ τοῦ μύθου ἐκβήσῃ καὶ τὰ ὁμογενῆ τούτοις συνορᾶν δυνήσῃ, <lb></lb>
μάλιστα δὲ σεαυτὸν ἀπόδος εἰς τὴν τῶν ἀρχῶν καὶ ἀπειρίας <lb></lb>
καὶ τῶν συγγενῶν τούτοις θεωρίαν, ἔτι τε κριτηρίων καὶ παθῶν, <lb></lb>
καὶ οὗ ἕνεκεν ταῦτα ἐκλογιζόμεθα. </s><s>ταῦτα γὰρ μάλιστα συν<lb></lb>
θεωρούμενα ῥᾳδίως τὰς περὶ τῶν κατὰ μέρος αἰτίας συνορᾶν <lb></lb>
ποιήσει. </s><s>οἱ δὲ ταῦτα μὴ καταγαπήσαντες ᾗ μάλιστα οὔτε &lt;ἂν&gt; <lb></lb>
αὐτὰ ταῦτα καλῶς συνθεωρήσαιεν οὔτε οὗ ἕνεκεν δεῖ θεωρεῖν <lb></lb>
ταῦτα περιεποιήσαντο.  <lb></lb>
</s></p></chap></body><back></back></text></archimedes>
author	casties
date	Fri, 07 Dec 2012 17:05:22 +0100
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