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view texts/XML/tei/zh/SongYingxing_1637_tei.xml @ 28:7e9dfe45278a
further work
| author | Klaus Thoden <kthoden@mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 31 Jul 2014 16:19:34 +0200 |
| parents | 22d6a63640c6 |
| children |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title xml:lang="zh">天工開物</title> <title xml:lang="zh">Tiangong kaiwu</title> <title xml:lang="en">Heaven, Work and the Inception of Things</title> <author>Song Yingxing</author> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <date>1637</date> <idno>X06.xml</idno> <availability> <p>free</p> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <p>Automatically created from the ECHO source; ECHO version 1.0; Script version 2011-06-03</p> <p>2011-05-02: Please remove the sentences containing "(" and ")" as soon as small text is diplayed properly; see https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/tracs/mpdl-project-software/ticket/31</p> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="zho-Hant">zho-Hant</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text xml:lang="zh" type="book"> <front xml:id="d000041"> <div xml:id="d000043" type="title"> <pb facs="X06.01.000A"/> <head type="ti" xml:id="d000047" xml:space="preserve">天工開物</head> <pb facs="X06.01.000B"/> <head type="ti" xml:id="d000052" xml:space="preserve">明崇禎十刻本</head> <pb facs="X06.01.001A" n="一a"/> </div> <div xml:id="N400018" type="preface"> <head xml:id="N40001D" xml:space="preserve">天工開物卷序</head> <p xml:id="N400020"> <s xml:id="N400022" xml:space="preserve">天覆地載，</s> <s xml:id="N400025" xml:space="preserve">物數號萬，</s> <s xml:id="N400028" xml:space="preserve">而事亦因之<lb/>曲成而不遺。</s> <s xml:id="N40002B" xml:space="preserve">豈人力也哉！</s> <s xml:id="N40002E" xml:space="preserve">事物而<lb/>既萬矣，</s> <s xml:id="N400031" xml:space="preserve">必待口授目成而後識之，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400034" xml:space="preserve">其與幾何？</s> <s xml:id="N400037" xml:space="preserve">萬事萬物之中，</s> <s xml:id="N40003A" xml:space="preserve">其無益<lb/>生人與有益者各載其半。</s> <s xml:id="N40003D" xml:space="preserve">世有聰 <pb facs="X06.01.001B" n="一b"/> 明博物者，</s> <s xml:id="N400043" xml:space="preserve">稠人推焉。</s> <s xml:id="N400046" xml:space="preserve">乃棗梨之花<lb/>未賞，</s> <s xml:id="N400049" xml:space="preserve">而臆度楚萍；</s> <s xml:id="N40004C" xml:space="preserve">釜<g type="V">鬵</g>之範鮮經，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40004F" xml:space="preserve">而侈談<name type="place" xml:id="N40004F-01">莒鼎</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N400052" xml:space="preserve">畫工好圖鬼魅而惡<lb/>犬馬，</s> <s xml:id="N400055" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>鄭僑、</s> <s xml:id="N400058" xml:space="preserve">晉華，</s> <s xml:id="N40005B" xml:space="preserve">豈足爲烈哉！</s> <s xml:id="N40005E" xml:space="preserve">幸<lb/>生聖明極盛之世，</s> <s xml:id="N400061" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400061-01">滇南</name>車馬縱<name type="place" xml:id="N400061-02">貫<lb/>遼陽</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N400064" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400064-01">嶺徼</name>宦商衡游<name type="place" xml:id="N400064-02">薊北</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N400067" xml:space="preserve">爲方萬 <pb facs="X06.01.002A" n="二a"/> 里中，</s> <s xml:id="N40006D" xml:space="preserve">何事何物不可見見聞聞。</s> <s xml:id="N400070" xml:space="preserve">若<lb/>爲士而生<name type="place" xml:id="N400070-01">東晉</name>之初、</s> <s xml:id="N400073" xml:space="preserve">南宋之季，</s> <s xml:id="N400076" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>視<name type="place" xml:id="N400076-01">燕</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400079" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400079-01">秦</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40007C" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40007C-01">晉</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40007F" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40007F-01">豫</name>方物已成夷產，</s> <s xml:id="N400082" xml:space="preserve">從互<lb/>市而得裘帽，</s> <s xml:id="N400085" xml:space="preserve">何殊<name type="place" xml:id="N400085-01">肅慎</name>之矢也。</s> <s xml:id="N400088" xml:space="preserve">且<lb/>夫王孫帝子生長深宮，</s> <s xml:id="N40008B" xml:space="preserve">御廚玉粒<lb/>正香而欲觀耒耜，</s> <s xml:id="N40008E" xml:space="preserve">尚宮錦衣方剪 <pb facs="X06.01.002B" n="二b"/> 而想像機絲。</s> <s xml:id="N400094" xml:space="preserve">當斯時也，</s> <s xml:id="N400097" xml:space="preserve">披圖一觀，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40009A" xml:space="preserve">如獲重寶矣。</s> <s xml:id="N40009D" xml:space="preserve">年來著書一種，</s> <s xml:id="N4000A0" xml:space="preserve">名曰<lb/>《天工開物卷》。</s> <s xml:id="N4000A3" xml:space="preserve">傷哉貧也！</s> <s xml:id="N4000A6" xml:space="preserve">欲購<g type="V">竒</g><g type="V">攷</g><lb/>證，</s> <s xml:id="N4000A9" xml:space="preserve">而乏洛下之資；</s> <s xml:id="N4000AC" xml:space="preserve">欲招致同人商<lb/>略贗真，</s> <s xml:id="N4000AF" xml:space="preserve">而缺陳思之館。</s> <s xml:id="N4000B2" xml:space="preserve">隨其孤陋<lb/>見聞，</s> <s xml:id="N4000B5" xml:space="preserve">藏諸方寸而寫之，</s> <s xml:id="N4000B8" xml:space="preserve">豈有當哉？</s> <pb facs="X06.01.003A" n="三a"/> <s xml:id="N4000BE" xml:space="preserve">吾友塗伯聚先生，</s> <s xml:id="N4000C1" xml:space="preserve">誠意動天，</s> <s xml:id="N4000C4" xml:space="preserve">心靈<lb/>格物。</s> <s xml:id="N4000C7" xml:space="preserve">凡古今一言之嘉、</s> <s xml:id="N4000CA" xml:space="preserve">寸長可取，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4000CD" xml:space="preserve">必勤勤懇懇而契合焉。</s> <s xml:id="N4000D0" xml:space="preserve">昨歲《畫音<lb/>歸正》由先生而授梓。</s> <s xml:id="N4000D3" xml:space="preserve">茲有後命，</s> <s xml:id="N4000D6" xml:space="preserve">復<lb/>取此卷而繼起爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N4000D9" xml:space="preserve">其亦夙緣之<lb/>所召哉！</s> <s xml:id="N4000DC" xml:space="preserve">卷分前後，</s> <s xml:id="N4000DF" xml:space="preserve">萬貴五榖而賤 <pb facs="X06.01.003B" n="三b"/> 金玉之義。</s> <s xml:id="N4000E2" xml:space="preserve">《觀象》、</s> <s xml:id="N4000E5" xml:space="preserve">《樂律》二卷，</s> <s xml:id="N4000E8" xml:space="preserve">其道太<lb/>精，</s> <s xml:id="N4000EB" xml:space="preserve">自揣非吾事，</s> <s xml:id="N4000EE" xml:space="preserve">故臨梓刪去。</s> <s xml:id="N4000F1" xml:space="preserve">丐大<lb/>業文人棄擲案頭，</s> <s xml:id="N4000F4" xml:space="preserve">此書于功名進<lb/>取毫不相關也！ </s> <s xml:id="N4000F7" xml:space="preserve">旹 <lb/>崇禎丁丑孟夏月，</s> <s xml:id="N4000FA" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4000FA-01">奉新</name>宋應星書<lb/> 于家食之問堂。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.004A"/> </div> <div xml:id="d000392" type="toc"> <head type="ti" xml:id="d000394" xml:space="preserve">天工開物卷目錄</head> <div xml:id="d000397" type="toc"> <head xml:id="d000399" xml:space="preserve">上卷</head> <div xml:id="d000402" type="toc"> <head xml:id="d000404" xml:space="preserve">乃粒第一卷</head> <head xml:id="d000407" xml:space="preserve">乃服第二卷</head> <head xml:id="d000410" xml:space="preserve">彰施第三卷</head> <head xml:id="d000413" xml:space="preserve">粹精第四卷</head> <head xml:id="d000416" xml:space="preserve">作鹹第五卷</head> <head xml:id="d000420" xml:space="preserve">甘嗜第六卷</head> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d000425" type="toc"> <head xml:id="d000427" xml:space="preserve">中卷</head> <pb facs="X06.01.004B"/> <div xml:id="d000432" type="toc"> <head xml:id="d000434" xml:space="preserve">陶埏第七卷</head> <head xml:id="d000437" xml:space="preserve">冶鑄第八卷</head> <head xml:id="d000440" xml:space="preserve">舟車第九卷</head> <head xml:id="d000443" xml:space="preserve">錘鍜第十卷</head> <head xml:id="d000446" xml:space="preserve">燔石第十一卷</head> <head xml:id="d000450" xml:space="preserve">膏液第十二卷</head> <head xml:id="d000453" xml:space="preserve">殺靑第十三卷</head> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d000458" type="toc"> <head xml:id="d000460" xml:space="preserve">下卷</head> <div xml:id="d000463" type="toc"> <head xml:id="d000465" xml:space="preserve">五金第十四卷</head> <pb facs="X06.01.005A"/> <head xml:id="d000470" xml:space="preserve">佳兵第十五卷</head> <head xml:id="d000473" xml:space="preserve">丹靑第十六卷</head> <head xml:id="d000476" xml:space="preserve">麯蘖第十七卷</head> <head xml:id="d000480" xml:space="preserve">珠玉第十八卷<hi rend="small">目錄終</hi></head> <pb facs="X06.01.005B"/> <pb facs="X06.01.006A" n="一a"/> </div> </div> </div> </front> <body xml:id="d000493"> <div xml:id="d000495" type="part"> <head type="ti" xml:id="d000497" xml:space="preserve">天工開物卷上</head> <head type="ti" xml:id="d000500" xml:space="preserve">分宜教諭宋應星著</head> <div xml:id="d000503" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N400102" xml:space="preserve">乃粒第一卷</head> <p xml:id="N400105"> <s xml:id="N400107" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N40010A" xml:space="preserve">上古神農氏若存若亡，</s> <s xml:id="N40010D" xml:space="preserve">然味其微號，</s> <s xml:id="N400110" xml:space="preserve">兩言至今<lb/>存矣。</s> <s xml:id="N400113" xml:space="preserve">生人不能久生而五穀生之，</s> <s xml:id="N400116" xml:space="preserve">五穀不能自生而生<lb/>人生之。</s> <s xml:id="N400119" xml:space="preserve">土脈歴時代，</s> <s xml:id="N40011C" xml:space="preserve">而異種性隨水土而分。</s> <s xml:id="N40011F" xml:space="preserve">不然，</s> <s xml:id="N400122" xml:space="preserve">神農<lb/>去陶唐，</s> <s xml:id="N400125" xml:space="preserve">粒食已千年矣。</s> <s xml:id="N400128" xml:space="preserve">耒耜之利，</s> <s xml:id="N40012B" xml:space="preserve">以教天下，</s> <s xml:id="N40012E" xml:space="preserve">豈有隱焉。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400131" xml:space="preserve">而紛紛嘉種，</s> <s xml:id="N400134" xml:space="preserve">必待後稷詳明，</s> <s xml:id="N400137" xml:space="preserve">其故何也？</s> <s xml:id="N40013A" xml:space="preserve">紈褲之子，</s> <s xml:id="N40013D" xml:space="preserve">以赭<lb/>衣視笠蓑；</s> <s xml:id="N400140" xml:space="preserve">經生之家，</s> <s xml:id="N400143" xml:space="preserve">以家夫爲詬詈。</s> <s xml:id="N400146" xml:space="preserve">晨炊晚餉，</s> <s xml:id="N400149" xml:space="preserve">如其味 <pb facs="X06.01.006B" n="一b"/> 而忘其源者眾矣！</s> <s xml:id="N40014F" xml:space="preserve">夫先農而繫之以神，</s> <s xml:id="N400152" xml:space="preserve">豈人力之所爲<lb/>哉！</s> </p> <div xml:id="d000605" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400157" xml:space="preserve">總名</head> <p xml:id="N40015A"> <s xml:id="N40015C" xml:space="preserve">凡穀無定名，</s> <s xml:id="N40015F" xml:space="preserve">百穀指成數言。</s> <s xml:id="N400162" xml:space="preserve">五穀則麻、</s> <s xml:id="N400165" xml:space="preserve">菽、</s> <s xml:id="d000626" xml:space="preserve">麥、</s> <s xml:id="N400168" xml:space="preserve">稷、</s> <s xml:id="N40016B" xml:space="preserve">黍，</s> <s xml:id="N40016E" xml:space="preserve">獨遺<lb/>稻者，</s> <s xml:id="N400171" xml:space="preserve">以著書深賢起自<name type="place" xml:id="N400171-01">西北</name>也。</s> <s xml:id="N400174" xml:space="preserve">今天下育民人者，</s> <s xml:id="N400177" xml:space="preserve">稻居<lb/>什七，</s> <s xml:id="N40017A" xml:space="preserve">而來、</s> <s xml:id="N40017D" xml:space="preserve">牟、</s> <s xml:id="N400180" xml:space="preserve">黍、</s> <s xml:id="N400183" xml:space="preserve">稷居什三。</s> <s xml:id="N400186" xml:space="preserve">麻、</s> <s xml:id="N400189" xml:space="preserve">菽二者，</s> <s xml:id="N40018C" xml:space="preserve">功用已全入蔬餌<lb/>膏饌之中，</s> <s xml:id="N40018F" xml:space="preserve">而猶繫之穀者，</s> <s xml:id="N400192" xml:space="preserve">從其朔也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d000688" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400197" xml:space="preserve">稻</head> <p xml:id="N40019A"> <s xml:id="N40019C" xml:space="preserve">凡稻種最多。</s> <s xml:id="N40019F" xml:space="preserve">不粘者，</s> <s xml:id="N4001A2" xml:space="preserve">禾曰秔米曰粳。</s> <s xml:id="N4001A5" xml:space="preserve">粘者，</s> <s xml:id="N4001A8" xml:space="preserve">禾曰徐，</s> <s xml:id="N4001AB" xml:space="preserve">米曰 <pb facs="X06.01.007A" n="二a"/> 糯。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d000718"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4001B1" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4001B1-01">南方</name>無粘黍，</s> <s xml:id="N4001B4" xml:space="preserve">酒皆糯米所爲。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4001B7" xml:space="preserve">質本粳而晚收帶粘</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d000740"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d000745" xml:space="preserve">俗名婺源光之類</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d000754" xml:space="preserve">不可<lb/>爲酒，</s> <s xml:id="N4001BA" xml:space="preserve">只可爲粥者，</s> <s xml:id="N4001BD" xml:space="preserve">又一種性也。</s> <s xml:id="N4001C0" xml:space="preserve">凡稻榖形有長芒、</s> <s xml:id="N4001C3" xml:space="preserve">短芒、<lb/></s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d000773"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4001C6" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4001C6-01">江南</name>名長芒者曰<name type="place" xml:id="N4001C6-02">瀏陽</name>早，</s> <s xml:id="N4001C9" xml:space="preserve">短芒者曰<name type="place" xml:id="N4001C9-01">吉安</name>早。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4001CC" xml:space="preserve">長粒、</s> <s xml:id="N4001CF" xml:space="preserve">尖粒、</s> <s xml:id="N4001D2" xml:space="preserve">圓頂、</s> <s xml:id="N4001D5" xml:space="preserve">扁靣不一，</s> <s xml:id="N4001D8" xml:space="preserve">其中<lb/>米色有雪白、</s> <s xml:id="N4001DB" xml:space="preserve">牙黃、</s> <s xml:id="N4001DE" xml:space="preserve">大赤、</s> <s xml:id="N4001E1" xml:space="preserve">半紫、</s> <s xml:id="N4001E4" xml:space="preserve">雜黑不一。</s> <s xml:id="N4001E7" xml:space="preserve">濕種之期，</s> <s xml:id="N4001EA" xml:space="preserve">最早<lb/>者春分以前，</s> <s xml:id="N4001ED" xml:space="preserve">名爲社種，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d000839"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4001F0" xml:space="preserve">遇天寒有凍死不生者。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4001F3" xml:space="preserve">最遲者後于清明。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4001F6" xml:space="preserve">凡播種，</s> <s xml:id="N4001F9" xml:space="preserve">先以稻麥藁包浸數日，</s> <s xml:id="N4001FC" xml:space="preserve">俟其生芽，</s> <s xml:id="N4001FF" xml:space="preserve">撒于田中，</s> <s xml:id="N400202" xml:space="preserve">生<lb/>出寸許，</s> <s xml:id="N400205" xml:space="preserve">其名曰秧。</s> <s xml:id="N400208" xml:space="preserve">秧生三十日<g type="V">即</g>拔起分栽。</s> <s xml:id="d000885" xml:space="preserve">若田畆逢<lb/>早乾、</s> <s xml:id="d000890" xml:space="preserve">水溢，</s> <s xml:id="d000893" xml:space="preserve">不可揷秧。</s> <s xml:id="d000896" xml:space="preserve">秧過期，</s> <s xml:id="N40020B" xml:space="preserve">老而長節，</s> <s xml:id="N40020E" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>栽于畝中，</s> <s xml:id="N400211" xml:space="preserve">生<lb/>穀數粒，</s> <s xml:id="N400214" xml:space="preserve">結果而已。</s> <s xml:id="N400217" xml:space="preserve">凡秧田一畝所生秧，</s> <s xml:id="N40021A" xml:space="preserve">供移栽二十五 <pb facs="X06.01.007B" n="二b"/> 畝。</s> <s xml:id="N400220" xml:space="preserve">几秧既分裁後，</s> <s xml:id="N400223" xml:space="preserve">早者七十日<g type="V">即</g>收穫，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d000934"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N400226" xml:space="preserve">粳有救公飢、</s> <s xml:id="N400229" xml:space="preserve">喉下急，</s> <s xml:id="N40022C" xml:space="preserve">糯有金包<lb/>銀之類，</s> <s xml:id="N40022F" xml:space="preserve">方語百千，</s> <s xml:id="N400232" xml:space="preserve">不可殫述。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N400235" xml:space="preserve">最遲者歴夏及冬二百日方收穫。</s> <s xml:id="N400238" xml:space="preserve">其冬<lb/>季播種、</s> <s xml:id="N40023B" xml:space="preserve">仲夏<g type="V">即</g>收者，</s> <s xml:id="N40023E" xml:space="preserve">則<name type="place" xml:id="N40023E-01">廣南</name>之稻，</s> <s xml:id="N400241" xml:space="preserve">地無霜雪故也。</s> <s xml:id="N400244" xml:space="preserve">凡稻<lb/>旬日失水，</s> <s xml:id="N400247" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>愁旱乾。</s> <s xml:id="N40024A" xml:space="preserve">夏種冬<g type="V">收</g>之穀，</s> <s xml:id="N40024D" xml:space="preserve">必山間源水不絕<lb/>之畝，</s> <s xml:id="N400250" xml:space="preserve">其穀種亦耐久，</s> <s xml:id="N400253" xml:space="preserve">其土脈亦寒，</s> <s xml:id="N400256" xml:space="preserve">不催苗也。</s> <s xml:id="N400259" xml:space="preserve">湖濱之田，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40025C" xml:space="preserve">待夏潦已過，</s> <s xml:id="N40025F" xml:space="preserve">六月方栽者，</s> <s xml:id="N400262" xml:space="preserve">其秧立夏播種，</s> <s xml:id="N400265" xml:space="preserve">撒藏高畝之<lb/>上，</s> <s xml:id="N400268" xml:space="preserve">以待時也。</s> <s xml:id="N40026B" xml:space="preserve">南方平原，</s> <s xml:id="N40026E" xml:space="preserve">田多一歲兩栽兩穫者。</s> <s xml:id="N400271" xml:space="preserve">其再栽<lb/>秧，</s> <s xml:id="N400274" xml:space="preserve">俗名晚糯，</s> <s xml:id="N400277" xml:space="preserve">非粳類也。</s> <s xml:id="N40027A" xml:space="preserve">六月刈初禾，</s> <s xml:id="N40027D" xml:space="preserve">耕治老膏田，</s> <s xml:id="N400280" xml:space="preserve">插再<lb/>生秧。</s> <s xml:id="N400283" xml:space="preserve">其秧清明時已偕早身撒布。</s> <s xml:id="N400286" xml:space="preserve">早秧一日無水<g type="V">即</g>死，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.008A" n="三a"/> <s xml:id="N40028C" xml:space="preserve">此秧歴四五兩月，</s> <s xml:id="N40028F" xml:space="preserve">任從烈日暵乾無憂，</s> <s xml:id="N400292" xml:space="preserve">此一異也。</s> <s xml:id="N400295" xml:space="preserve">凡再<lb/>植稻遇秋多晴，</s> <s xml:id="N400298" xml:space="preserve">則汲灌與稻相終始。</s> <s xml:id="N40029B" xml:space="preserve">農家勤若，</s> <s xml:id="N40029E" xml:space="preserve">爲春酒<lb/>之需也。</s> <s xml:id="N4002A1" xml:space="preserve">凡稻旬日失水則死期至，</s> <s xml:id="N4002A4" xml:space="preserve">幻出旱稻一種，</s> <s xml:id="N4002A7" xml:space="preserve">粳而<lb/>不粘者，</s> <s xml:id="N4002AA" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>高山可插，</s> <s xml:id="N4002AD" xml:space="preserve">又一異也。</s> <s xml:id="N4002B0" xml:space="preserve">香稻一種，</s> <s xml:id="N4002B3" xml:space="preserve">取其芳氣以<lb/>供貴人，</s> <s xml:id="N4002B6" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">收</g>實甚少，</s> <s xml:id="N4002B9" xml:space="preserve">滋益全無，</s> <s xml:id="N4002BC" xml:space="preserve">不足尚也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d001151" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4002BF" xml:space="preserve">稻宜</head> <p xml:id="d001156"> <s xml:id="N4002C2" xml:space="preserve">凡稻，</s> <s xml:id="N4002C5" xml:space="preserve">土脈焦枯，</s> <s xml:id="N4002C8" xml:space="preserve">則穗實蕭索。</s> <s xml:id="N4002CB" xml:space="preserve">勤農糞田，</s> <s xml:id="N4002CE" xml:space="preserve">多方以助之。</s> <s xml:id="N4002D1" xml:space="preserve">人<lb/>畜穢遺、</s> <s xml:id="N4002D4" xml:space="preserve">榨油枯餅、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d001182"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4002D7" xml:space="preserve">枯者，</s> <s xml:id="N4002DA" xml:space="preserve">以去膏而得名也。</s> <s xml:id="N4002DD" xml:space="preserve">胡麻、</s> <s xml:id="N4002E0" xml:space="preserve">萊菔子爲上，</s> <s xml:id="N4002E3" xml:space="preserve">芸薹次之，</s> <s xml:id="N4002E6" xml:space="preserve">大眼桐又次之，</s> <s xml:id="N4002E9" xml:space="preserve">樟、</s> <s xml:id="N4002EC" xml:space="preserve">桕、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4002EF" xml:space="preserve">棉花又次之。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4002F2" xml:space="preserve">草皮木葉，</s> <s xml:id="N4002F5" xml:space="preserve">以佐生機，</s> <s xml:id="N4002F8" xml:space="preserve">普天之所同也。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d001234"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4002FB" xml:space="preserve">南方磨緑豆粉者，</s> <s xml:id="N4002FE" xml:space="preserve">取 <pb facs="X06.01.008B" n="三b"/> 溲漿灌田肥甚。</s> <s xml:id="N400304" xml:space="preserve">豆賤之時，</s> <s xml:id="N400307" xml:space="preserve">撒黃豆于田，</s> <s xml:id="N40030A" xml:space="preserve">一粒爛土方三寸，</s> <s xml:id="N40030D" xml:space="preserve">得欲之息倍焉。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N400310" xml:space="preserve">土性帶冷漿者，</s> <s xml:id="N400313" xml:space="preserve">宜<lb/>骨灰蘸秧根，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d001276"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N400316" xml:space="preserve">凡禽獸骨。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N400319" xml:space="preserve">石灰淹苗足，</s> <s xml:id="N40031C" xml:space="preserve">向陽暖土不宜也。</s> <s xml:id="N40031F" xml:space="preserve">土脈<lb/>堅緊者，</s> <s xml:id="N400322" xml:space="preserve">宜耕隴，</s> <s xml:id="N400325" xml:space="preserve">疊塊壓薪而燒之，</s> <s xml:id="N400328" xml:space="preserve">埴墳松土不宜也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d001313" type="section"> <head xml:id="N40032D" xml:space="preserve">稻工： 耕 耙 磨耙 耘耔<hi rend="small">具圖</hi></head> <p xml:id="N400330"> <s xml:id="N400332" xml:space="preserve">凡稻田刈穫不再種者，</s> <s xml:id="N400335" xml:space="preserve">土宜本秋耕墾，</s> <s xml:id="N400338" xml:space="preserve">使宿藁化爛，</s> <s xml:id="N40033B" xml:space="preserve">敵<lb/>糞力一倍。</s> <s xml:id="N40033E" xml:space="preserve">或秋旱無水及怠家春耕，</s> <s xml:id="N400341" xml:space="preserve">則<g type="V">收</g>穫損薄也。</s> <s xml:id="N400344" xml:space="preserve">凡<lb/>糞田或撒枯澆澤，</s> <s xml:id="N400347" xml:space="preserve">恐霖雨至，</s> <s xml:id="N40034A" xml:space="preserve">過水來，</s> <s xml:id="N40034D" xml:space="preserve">肥質隨漂而去，</s> <s xml:id="N400350" xml:space="preserve">謹<lb/>視天時，</s> <s xml:id="N400353" xml:space="preserve">在老農心計也。</s> <s xml:id="N400356" xml:space="preserve">凡一耕之後，</s> <s xml:id="N400359" xml:space="preserve">勤者再耕、</s> <s xml:id="N40035C" xml:space="preserve">三耕，</s> <s xml:id="N40035F" xml:space="preserve">然<lb/>後施耙，</s> <s xml:id="N400362" xml:space="preserve">則土質勻碎，</s> <s xml:id="N400365" xml:space="preserve">而其中膏脈釋化也。</s> <s xml:id="N400368" xml:space="preserve">凡牛力窮者，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.009A" n="四a"/> <s xml:id="N40036E" xml:space="preserve">兩人以找懸耜，</s> <s xml:id="N400371" xml:space="preserve">項北相望而起土。</s> <s xml:id="N400374" xml:space="preserve">兩人竟日僅敵一牛<lb/>之力。</s> <s xml:id="N400377" xml:space="preserve">若耕後牛窮，</s> <s xml:id="N40037A" xml:space="preserve">制成磨耙，</s> <s xml:id="N40037D" xml:space="preserve">兩人肩手磨軋，</s> <s xml:id="N400380" xml:space="preserve">則一日敵<lb/>三牛之力也。</s> <s xml:id="N400383" xml:space="preserve">凡牛，</s> <s xml:id="N400386" xml:space="preserve">中國惟水、</s> <s xml:id="N400389" xml:space="preserve">黃兩種。</s> <s xml:id="N40038C" xml:space="preserve">水牛力倍于黃。</s> <s xml:id="N40038F" xml:space="preserve">但<lb/>畜水牛者，</s> <s xml:id="N400392" xml:space="preserve">科與土室御寒，</s> <s xml:id="N400395" xml:space="preserve">夏與池塘浴水，</s> <s xml:id="N400398" xml:space="preserve">畜養心計亦<lb/>倍于黃牛也。</s> <s xml:id="N40039B" xml:space="preserve">凡牛春前力耕汗出，</s> <s xml:id="N40039E" xml:space="preserve">切忌雨點，</s> <s xml:id="N4003A1" xml:space="preserve">將雨則疾<lb/>驅入室。</s> <s xml:id="N4003A4" xml:space="preserve">候過穀雨，</s> <s xml:id="N4003A7" xml:space="preserve">則任從風雨不懼也。</s> <s xml:id="N4003AA" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4003AA-01">吳郡</name>力田者，</s> <s xml:id="N4003AD" xml:space="preserve">以<lb/>鋤代耜，</s> <s xml:id="N4003B0" xml:space="preserve">不藉牛力。</s> <s xml:id="N4003B3" xml:space="preserve">愚見貧家之家，</s> <s xml:id="N4003B6" xml:space="preserve">會計牛值與水草之<lb/>資，</s> <s xml:id="N4003B9" xml:space="preserve">竊盜死病之變，</s> <s xml:id="N4003BC" xml:space="preserve">不若人力亦便。</s> <s xml:id="N4003BF" xml:space="preserve">假如有牛者，</s> <s xml:id="N4003C2" xml:space="preserve">供辦十<lb/>畝。</s> <s xml:id="N4003C5" xml:space="preserve">無牛用鋤而勤者半之。</s> <s xml:id="N4003C8" xml:space="preserve">既已無牛，</s> <s xml:id="N4003CB" xml:space="preserve">則秋穫之後，</s> <s xml:id="N4003CE" xml:space="preserve">田中 <pb facs="X06.01.009B" n="四b"/> 無復芻牧之患，</s> <s xml:id="N4003D4" xml:space="preserve">而菽麥麻蔬諸種，</s> <s xml:id="N4003D7" xml:space="preserve">紛紛可種，</s> <s xml:id="N4003DA" xml:space="preserve">以再穫償<lb/>半荒之畝，</s> <s xml:id="N4003DD" xml:space="preserve">似亦相當也。</s> <s xml:id="N4003E0" xml:space="preserve">凡稻分秧之後數日，</s> <s xml:id="N4003E3" xml:space="preserve">舊葉萎黃<lb/>而更生新葉。</s> <s xml:id="N4003E6" xml:space="preserve">青葉既長，</s> <s xml:id="N4003E9" xml:space="preserve">則耔可施焉。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d001551"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4003EC" xml:space="preserve">俗名撻禾。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4003EF" xml:space="preserve">植杖于手，</s> <s xml:id="N4003F2" xml:space="preserve">以<lb/>足扶泥壅根，</s> <s xml:id="N4003F5" xml:space="preserve">倂屈宿田水草，</s> <s xml:id="N4003F8" xml:space="preserve">使不生也。</s> <s xml:id="N4003FB" xml:space="preserve">凡宿田<g type="V">菵</g>草之<lb/>類，</s> <s xml:id="N4003FE" xml:space="preserve">遇耔而屈折。</s> <s xml:id="N400401" xml:space="preserve">而弟、</s> <s xml:id="N400404" xml:space="preserve">稗與荼、</s> <s xml:id="N400407" xml:space="preserve">蓼非足力所可除者，</s> <s xml:id="N40040A" xml:space="preserve">則耘<lb/>以繼之。</s> <s xml:id="N40040D" xml:space="preserve">耘者基在腰手，</s> <s xml:id="N400410" xml:space="preserve">辨在兩眸。</s> <s xml:id="N400413" xml:space="preserve">非類既去，</s> <s xml:id="N400416" xml:space="preserve">而嘉欲茂<lb/>焉。</s> <s xml:id="N400419" xml:space="preserve">從此洩以防潦，</s> <s xml:id="N40041C" xml:space="preserve">溉以防旱，</s> <s xml:id="N40041F" xml:space="preserve">旬月而“奄觀銍刈”矣。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d001632" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400422" xml:space="preserve">稻災</head> <p xml:id="d001637"> <s xml:id="N400425" xml:space="preserve">凡早稻種，</s> <s xml:id="N400428" xml:space="preserve">秋初<g type="V">收</g>藏，</s> <s xml:id="N40042B" xml:space="preserve">當午晒時烈日火氣在內，</s> <s xml:id="N40042E" xml:space="preserve">入倉廩 <pb facs="X06.01.010A" n="五a"/> 中關閉太急，</s> <s xml:id="N400434" xml:space="preserve">則其穀粘帶暑氣。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d001660"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N400437" xml:space="preserve">勤農之家，</s> <s xml:id="N40043A" xml:space="preserve">偏受此患。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40043D" xml:space="preserve">明年田有糞<lb/>肥，</s> <s xml:id="N400440" xml:space="preserve">土脈發燒，</s> <s xml:id="N400443" xml:space="preserve">東南風助暖，</s> <s xml:id="N400446" xml:space="preserve">則盡發炎火，</s> <s xml:id="N400449" xml:space="preserve">大壞苗穗，</s> <s xml:id="N40044C" xml:space="preserve">此一<lb/>災也。</s> <s xml:id="N40044F" xml:space="preserve">若種穀晚涼入廩，</s> <s xml:id="N400452" xml:space="preserve">或科至數九天收貯雪水、</s> <s xml:id="N400455" xml:space="preserve">冰水<lb/>一甕，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d001710"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N400458" xml:space="preserve">交春<g type="V">即</g>不驗。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40045B" xml:space="preserve">清明濕種時，</s> <s xml:id="N40045E" xml:space="preserve">每石以數碗激灑，</s> <s xml:id="N400461" xml:space="preserve">立解暑氣，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400464" xml:space="preserve">則任從東南風暖，</s> <s xml:id="N400467" xml:space="preserve">而此苗清秀異常矣。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d001743"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40046A" xml:space="preserve">崇在種內，</s> <s xml:id="N40046D" xml:space="preserve">反怨鬼神。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N400470" xml:space="preserve">凡稻<lb/>撒種時，</s> <s xml:id="N400473" xml:space="preserve">或水浮數寸，</s> <s xml:id="N400476" xml:space="preserve">其穀未<g type="V">即</g>沉下，</s> <s xml:id="N400479" xml:space="preserve">驟發狂風，</s> <s xml:id="N40047C" xml:space="preserve">堆積一<lb/>隅，</s> <s xml:id="N40047F" xml:space="preserve">此二災也。</s> <s xml:id="N400482" xml:space="preserve">謹視風定而後撒，</s> <s xml:id="N400485" xml:space="preserve">則沉勻成秧矣。</s> <s xml:id="N400488" xml:space="preserve">凡欲種<lb/>生秧之後，</s> <s xml:id="N40048B" xml:space="preserve">妨雀烏聚食，</s> <s xml:id="N40048E" xml:space="preserve">此三災也。</s> <s xml:id="N400491" xml:space="preserve">立標飄揚鷹俑，</s> <s xml:id="N400494" xml:space="preserve">則雀<lb/>可驅矣。</s> <s xml:id="N400497" xml:space="preserve">凡秧沉腳未定，</s> <s xml:id="N40049A" xml:space="preserve">隂雨邊綿，</s> <s xml:id="N40049D" xml:space="preserve">則損折過半，</s> <s xml:id="N4004A0" xml:space="preserve">此四災 <pb facs="X06.01.010B" n="五b"/> 也。</s> <s xml:id="N4004A6" xml:space="preserve">邀天晴霽三日，</s> <s xml:id="N4004A9" xml:space="preserve">則粒粒皆生矣。</s> <s xml:id="N4004AC" xml:space="preserve">凡苗既函之後，</s> <s xml:id="N4004AF" xml:space="preserve">畝土<lb/>肥澤邊發，</s> <s xml:id="N4004B2" xml:space="preserve">南風熏熱，</s> <s xml:id="N4004B5" xml:space="preserve">函內生蟲，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d001847"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4004B8" xml:space="preserve">形似蠶繭。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4004BB" xml:space="preserve">此五災也。</s> <s xml:id="N4004BE" xml:space="preserve">邀天遇<lb/>西風雨一陣，</s> <s xml:id="N4004C1" xml:space="preserve">則蟲化而穀生矣。</s> <s xml:id="N4004C4" xml:space="preserve">凡苗吐穡之後，</s> <s xml:id="N4004C7" xml:space="preserve">暮夜“鬼<lb/>火”游燒，</s> <s xml:id="N4004CA" xml:space="preserve">此六災也。</s> <s xml:id="N4004CD" xml:space="preserve">此火乃朽木腹中放出。</s> <s xml:id="N4004D0" xml:space="preserve">凡木母火子，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4004D3" xml:space="preserve">子藏母腹，</s> <s xml:id="N4004D6" xml:space="preserve">每身未壊子性千秋不滅。</s> <s xml:id="N4004D9" xml:space="preserve">每逢多雨之年，</s> <s xml:id="N4004DC" xml:space="preserve">孤<lb/>野墳墓多被狐狸穿塌。</s> <s xml:id="N4004DF" xml:space="preserve">其中棺板爲水浸，</s> <s xml:id="N4004E2" xml:space="preserve">朽爛之極，</s> <s xml:id="N4004E5" xml:space="preserve">所<lb/>謂母質壞也。</s> <s xml:id="N4004E8" xml:space="preserve">火子無附，</s> <s xml:id="N4004EB" xml:space="preserve">脫母飛揚。</s> <s xml:id="N4004EE" xml:space="preserve">然陽火不見陽光，</s> <s xml:id="N4004F1" xml:space="preserve">直<lb/>待日沒黃錯，</s> <s xml:id="N4004F4" xml:space="preserve">此火衝隙而出，</s> <s xml:id="N4004F7" xml:space="preserve">其力不能上騰，</s> <s xml:id="N4004FA" xml:space="preserve">飄游不定，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4004FD" xml:space="preserve">數尺而止。</s> <s xml:id="N400500" xml:space="preserve">凡禾穡葉遇之立刻焦炎。</s> <s xml:id="N400503" xml:space="preserve">逐火之人見他處 <pb facs="X06.01.011A" n="六a"/> 樹根放光，</s> <s xml:id="N400509" xml:space="preserve">以爲鬼也。</s> <s xml:id="N40050C" xml:space="preserve">奮梃擊之，</s> <s xml:id="N40050F" xml:space="preserve">反有鬼變枯柴之說。</s> <s xml:id="N400512" xml:space="preserve">不<lb/>知向來鬼火見燈光而已化矣。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d001969"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N400515" xml:space="preserve">凡火未經人間燈傳者，</s> <s xml:id="N400518" xml:space="preserve">總屬隂火，</s> <s xml:id="N40051B" xml:space="preserve">故見燈<g type="V">即</g>滅。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <lb/> <s xml:id="N40051E" xml:space="preserve">凡苗自函活以至頴栗，</s> <s xml:id="N400521" xml:space="preserve">早者食水三斗，</s> <s xml:id="N400524" xml:space="preserve">晚者食水五斗，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400527" xml:space="preserve">失水<g type="V">即</g>枯，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d002010"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40052A" xml:space="preserve">將刈之時少水一升，</s> <s xml:id="N40052D" xml:space="preserve">榖數雖存，</s> <s xml:id="N400530" xml:space="preserve">米粒縮小，</s> <s xml:id="N400533" xml:space="preserve">入碾臼中亦多斷碎。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N400536" xml:space="preserve">此七災也。</s> <s xml:id="N400539" xml:space="preserve"><g type="R">汲</g><lb/>灌之智，</s> <s xml:id="N40053C" xml:space="preserve">人巧已無餘矣。</s> <s xml:id="N40053F" xml:space="preserve">凡稻成熟之時，</s> <s xml:id="N400542" xml:space="preserve">遇狂風吹粒殞<lb/>落，</s> <s xml:id="N400545" xml:space="preserve">或隂雨竟旬，</s> <s xml:id="N400548" xml:space="preserve">穀粒沾濕自爛，</s> <s xml:id="N40054B" xml:space="preserve">此八災也。</s> <s xml:id="N40054E" xml:space="preserve">然風災不越<lb/>三十里，</s> <s xml:id="N400551" xml:space="preserve">隂雨災不越三百里，</s> <s xml:id="N400554" xml:space="preserve">偏方厄難亦不廣被。</s> <s xml:id="N400557" xml:space="preserve">風落<lb/>不可爲。</s> <s xml:id="N40055A" xml:space="preserve">若貧困之家，</s> <s xml:id="N40055D" xml:space="preserve">苦于無霽，</s> <s xml:id="N400560" xml:space="preserve">將濕穀升于鍋內，</s> <s xml:id="N400563" xml:space="preserve">燃薪<lb/>其下，</s> <s xml:id="N400566" xml:space="preserve">炸去穅膜，</s> <s xml:id="N400569" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">收</g>炒糗以<g type="V">充</g>饑，</s> <s xml:id="N40056C" xml:space="preserve">亦補助造化之一端矣。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.011B" n="六b"/> <figure xml:id="d002112"> <graphic url="X06.01.011B-01"/> <head xml:id="d002117" xml:space="preserve">耕</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d002120" xml:space="preserve">耜</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.012A" n="七a"/> <figure xml:id="d002127"> <graphic url="X06.01.012A-01"/> <head xml:id="d002132" xml:space="preserve">耘</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.012B" n="七b"/> <figure xml:id="d002138"> <graphic url="X06.01.012B-01"/> <head xml:id="d002143" xml:space="preserve">耔</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.013A" n="八a"/> <figure xml:id="d002149"> <graphic url="X06.01.013A-01"/> <head xml:id="d002154" xml:space="preserve">耙</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.013B" n="八b"/> </div> <div xml:id="d002161" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400574" xml:space="preserve">水利 筒車 牛車 踏車 拔車 秸橰<hi rend="small">皆具圖</hi></head> <p xml:id="N400577"> <s xml:id="N400579" xml:space="preserve">凡稻防旱藉水，</s> <s xml:id="N40057C" xml:space="preserve">獨甚五穀。</s> <s xml:id="N40057F" xml:space="preserve">厥土沙、</s> <s xml:id="N400582" xml:space="preserve">泥、</s> <s xml:id="N400585" xml:space="preserve">磽、</s> <s xml:id="N400588" xml:space="preserve">膩，</s> <s xml:id="N40058B" xml:space="preserve">隨方不一。</s> <s xml:id="N40058E" xml:space="preserve">有<lb/>三日<g type="V">即</g>乾者，</s> <s xml:id="N400591" xml:space="preserve">有半月後乾者。</s> <s xml:id="N400594" xml:space="preserve">天澤不降，</s> <s xml:id="N400597" xml:space="preserve">則人力換水以<lb/>濟。</s> <s xml:id="N40059A" xml:space="preserve">凡河濱有制筒車者，</s> <s xml:id="N40059D" xml:space="preserve">堰陂障流，</s> <s xml:id="N4005A0" xml:space="preserve">繞于車下，</s> <s xml:id="N4005A3" xml:space="preserve">激輪使轉，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4005A6" xml:space="preserve">挽水入筒，</s> <s xml:id="N4005A9" xml:space="preserve">一一傾于見內，</s> <s xml:id="N4005AC" xml:space="preserve">流入畝中。</s> <s xml:id="N4005AF" xml:space="preserve">晝夜不息，</s> <s xml:id="N4005B2" xml:space="preserve">百畝無<lb/>憂。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d002247"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4005B5" xml:space="preserve">不用水時，</s> <s xml:id="N4005B8" xml:space="preserve">拴木礙止，</s> <s xml:id="N4005BB" xml:space="preserve">使輪不轉動。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4005BE" xml:space="preserve">其湖池不流水，</s> <s xml:id="N4005C1" xml:space="preserve">或以牛力轉盤，</s> <s xml:id="N4005C4" xml:space="preserve">或<lb/>聚數人踏轉。</s> <s xml:id="N4005C7" xml:space="preserve">車身長者二丈，</s> <s xml:id="N4005CA" xml:space="preserve">短者半之。</s> <s xml:id="N4005CD" xml:space="preserve">其內用龍骨拴<lb/>串板，</s> <s xml:id="N4005D0" xml:space="preserve">關水逆流而上。</s> <s xml:id="N4005D3" xml:space="preserve">大抵一人竟日之力，</s> <s xml:id="N4005D6" xml:space="preserve">灌田五畝，</s> <s xml:id="N4005D9" xml:space="preserve">而<lb/>牛則倍之。</s> <s xml:id="N4005DC" xml:space="preserve">其淺池、</s> <s xml:id="N4005DF" xml:space="preserve">小澮不載長車者，</s> <s xml:id="N4005E2" xml:space="preserve">則數尺之車，</s> <s xml:id="N4005E5" xml:space="preserve">一人 <pb facs="X06.01.014A" n="九a"/> 兩手疾轉，</s> <s xml:id="N4005EB" xml:space="preserve">竟日之功可灌二畝而已。</s> <s xml:id="N4005EE" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4005EE-01">揚郡</name>以風帆數扇，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4005F1" xml:space="preserve">俟風轉車，</s> <s xml:id="N4005F4" xml:space="preserve">風息則目。</s> <s xml:id="N4005F7" xml:space="preserve">此車爲救潦，</s> <s xml:id="N4005FA" xml:space="preserve">欲去澤水以便栽種。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4005FD" xml:space="preserve">盖去水非取水也，</s> <s xml:id="N400600" xml:space="preserve">不適濟埋。</s> <s xml:id="N400603" xml:space="preserve">用桔槔、</s> <s xml:id="N400606" xml:space="preserve">轆轤，</s> <s xml:id="N400609" xml:space="preserve">功勞又甚細<lb/>已。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d002362" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400609.0" xml:space="preserve">汲水圖</head> <pb facs="X06.01.014B" n="九b"/> <figure xml:id="d002369"> <graphic url="X06.01.014B-01"/> <head xml:id="d002374" xml:space="preserve">筒車</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d002377" xml:space="preserve">規水</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d002380" xml:space="preserve">規水</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d002383" xml:space="preserve">岸</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.015A" n="十a"/> <figure xml:id="d002389"> <graphic url="X06.01.015A-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d002394" xml:space="preserve">橛障</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d002397" xml:space="preserve">坡水</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d002400" xml:space="preserve">柳椿</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d002403" xml:space="preserve">閘</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.015B" n="十b"/> <figure xml:id="d002410"> <graphic url="X06.01.015B-01"/> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.016A" n="十一a"/> <figure xml:id="d002418"> <graphic url="X06.01.016A-01"/> <head xml:id="d002423" xml:space="preserve">人車</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d002426" xml:space="preserve">蘢骨</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.016B" n="十一b"/> <figure xml:id="d002432"> <graphic url="X06.01.016B-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d002437" xml:space="preserve">中柱</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d002440" xml:space="preserve">牛轉<lb/>盤外</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.017A" n="十二a"/> <figure xml:id="d002449"> <graphic url="X06.01.017A-01"/> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.017B" n="十二b"/> <figure xml:id="d002457"> <graphic url="X06.01.017B-01"/> <head xml:id="d002462" xml:space="preserve">拔車</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.018A" n="十三a"/> <figure xml:id="d002468"> <graphic url="X06.01.018A-01"/> <head xml:id="d002473" xml:space="preserve">桔槔</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d002476" xml:space="preserve">墜石</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d002479" xml:space="preserve">井</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.018B" n="十三b"/> </div> <div xml:id="d002487" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400611" xml:space="preserve">麥</head> <p xml:id="N400614"> <s xml:id="N400616" xml:space="preserve">凡麥有數種。</s> <s xml:id="N400619" xml:space="preserve">小麥曰來，</s> <s xml:id="N40061C" xml:space="preserve">麥之長也；</s> <s xml:id="N40061F" xml:space="preserve">大麥曰牟、</s> <s xml:id="N400622" xml:space="preserve">曰穬；</s> <s xml:id="N400625" xml:space="preserve">雜麥<lb/>曰雀、</s> <s xml:id="N400628" xml:space="preserve">曰蕎；</s> <s xml:id="N40062B" xml:space="preserve">皆以播種同時、</s> <s xml:id="N40062E" xml:space="preserve">花形相似、</s> <s xml:id="N400631" xml:space="preserve">粉食同功而得麥<lb/>名也。</s> <s xml:id="N400631a" xml:space="preserve">四海之内，</s> <s xml:id="N400631b" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400631b-01">燕</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400631c" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400631c-01">秦</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400631d" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400631d-01">晋</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400631e" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400631e-01">豫</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400631f" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400631f-01">⿑</name><name type="place" xml:id="N400631f-02">魯</name>諸道，</s> <s xml:id="N400631g" xml:space="preserve">烝民粒食，</s> <s xml:id="N400631h" xml:space="preserve">小麥居<lb/>半，</s> <s xml:id="N400634" xml:space="preserve">而黍、</s> <s xml:id="N400637" xml:space="preserve">稷、</s> <s xml:id="N40063A" xml:space="preserve">稻、</s> <s xml:id="N40063D" xml:space="preserve">梁僅居半。</s> <s xml:id="N400640" xml:space="preserve">西極<name type="place" xml:id="N400640-01">川</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400643" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400643-01">雲</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N400646" xml:space="preserve">東至<name type="place" xml:id="N400646-01">閩</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400649" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400649-01">浙</name>，<name type="place" xml:id="N400649-02">吳</name>、<name type="place" xml:id="N400649-03">楚</name>腹焉，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="d002613" xml:space="preserve">方長六千里中種小麥者，</s> <s xml:id="d002616" xml:space="preserve">二十分而一，</s> <s xml:id="d002619" xml:space="preserve">磨<g type="V">麵</g>以爲</s> <s xml:id="N40064C" xml:space="preserve">捻頭、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40064F" xml:space="preserve">環餌、</s> <s xml:id="N400652" xml:space="preserve">饅道、</s> <s xml:id="N400655" xml:space="preserve">湯料之需，</s> <s xml:id="N400658" xml:space="preserve">而饔飧不及焉。</s> <s xml:id="N40065B" xml:space="preserve">種餘麥者五十分<lb/>而一，</s> <s xml:id="N40065E" xml:space="preserve">閭閻作苦以充朝膳，</s> <s xml:id="N400661" xml:space="preserve">而貴介不與焉。</s> <s xml:id="N400664" xml:space="preserve">廣麥獨產陝<lb/>西，</s> <s xml:id="N400667" xml:space="preserve">一名青稞，</s> <s xml:id="N40066A" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>大麥，</s> <s xml:id="N40066D" xml:space="preserve">隨土而變。</s> <s xml:id="N400670" xml:space="preserve">而皮成青黑色者，</s> <s xml:id="N400673" xml:space="preserve">秦人 <pb facs="X06.01.019A" n="十四a"/> 專以飼馬，</s> <s xml:id="N400679" xml:space="preserve">飢荒人乃食之。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d002682"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40067C" xml:space="preserve">大麥變有粘者，</s> <s xml:id="N40067F" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40067F-01">河</name><name type="place" xml:id="N40067F-02">洛</name>用以釀酒。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N400682" xml:space="preserve">雀麥細穗，</s> <s xml:id="N400685" xml:space="preserve">穗<lb/>中又分十數細子，</s> <s xml:id="N400688" xml:space="preserve">間亦野生。</s> <s xml:id="N40068B" xml:space="preserve">蕎麥實非麥類，</s> <s xml:id="N40068E" xml:space="preserve">然以其爲<lb/>粉療飢，</s> <s xml:id="N400691" xml:space="preserve">傳名爲麥，</s> <s xml:id="N400694" xml:space="preserve">則麥之而已。</s> <s xml:id="N400697" xml:space="preserve">凡<name type="place" xml:id="N400697-01">北方</name>小麥，</s> <s xml:id="N40069A" xml:space="preserve">歴史時之<lb/>氣，</s> <s xml:id="N40069D" xml:space="preserve">自秋播種，</s> <s xml:id="N4006A0" xml:space="preserve">明年初夏方<g type="V">收</g>。</s> <s xml:id="N4006A3" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4006A3-01">南方</name>者種與收期，</s> <s xml:id="N4006A6" xml:space="preserve">時日差<lb/>短。</s> <s xml:id="N4006A9" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4006A9-01">江南</name>麥花夜發，</s> <s xml:id="N4006AC" xml:space="preserve">江北麥花晝發，</s> <s xml:id="N4006AF" xml:space="preserve">亦一異也。</s> <s xml:id="N4006B2" xml:space="preserve">大麥種穫<lb/>期與小麥相同。</s> <s xml:id="N4006B5" xml:space="preserve">蕎麥則秋半下種，</s> <s xml:id="N4006B8" xml:space="preserve">不兩月而<g type="V">即</g>收。</s> <s xml:id="N4006BB" xml:space="preserve">其苗<lb/>遇霜<g type="V">即</g>殺，</s> <s xml:id="N4006BE" xml:space="preserve">邀天降霜遲遲，</s> <s xml:id="N4006C1" xml:space="preserve">則有<g type="V">收</g>矣。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d002806" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4006C6" xml:space="preserve">麥工： 北耕種 耨<hi rend="small">具圖</hi></head> <p xml:id="N4006C9"> <s xml:id="N4006CB" xml:space="preserve">凡麥與稻初耕墾土則同，</s> <s xml:id="N4006CE" xml:space="preserve">播種以後則耘耔諸勤苦皆 <pb facs="X06.01.019B" n="十四b"/> 屬稻，</s> <s xml:id="N4006D4" xml:space="preserve">麥惟施耨而已。</s> <s xml:id="N4006D7" xml:space="preserve">凡北方厥土墳壚易解釋者，</s> <s xml:id="N4006DA" xml:space="preserve">種麥<lb/>之法耕具差異，</s> <s xml:id="N4006DD" xml:space="preserve">耕<g type="V">即</g>兼種。</s> <s xml:id="N4006E0" xml:space="preserve">其服牛起土者，</s> <s xml:id="N4006E3" xml:space="preserve">耒不用耕，</s> <s xml:id="N4006E6" xml:space="preserve">並<lb/>列兩鐵于橫林之上，</s> <s xml:id="N4006E9" xml:space="preserve">其具方語曰鏹。</s> <s xml:id="N4006EC" xml:space="preserve">鏹中間盛一小斗，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4006EF" xml:space="preserve">貯麥種于內，</s> <s xml:id="N4006F2" xml:space="preserve">其斗底空梅花眼。</s> <s xml:id="N4006F5" xml:space="preserve">牛行援動，</s> <s xml:id="N4006F8" xml:space="preserve">種子<g type="V">即</g>從眼<lb/>中撒下。</s> <s xml:id="N4006FB" xml:space="preserve">欲密而多，</s> <s xml:id="N4006FE" xml:space="preserve">則鞭牛疾走，</s> <s xml:id="N400701" xml:space="preserve">子撒必多；</s> <s xml:id="N400704" xml:space="preserve">欲稀而少，</s> <s xml:id="N400707" xml:space="preserve">則<lb/>緩其牛，</s> <s xml:id="N40070A" xml:space="preserve">撒種<g type="V">即</g>少。</s> <s xml:id="N40070D" xml:space="preserve">既播種後，</s> <s xml:id="N400710" xml:space="preserve">用驢駕兩小石團，</s> <s xml:id="N400713" xml:space="preserve">壓土埋<lb/>麥。</s> <s xml:id="N400716" xml:space="preserve">凡麥種緊壓方生。</s> <s xml:id="N400719" xml:space="preserve">南地不與北同者，</s> <s xml:id="N40071C" xml:space="preserve">多耕多耙之後，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40071F" xml:space="preserve">然後以灰拌種，</s> <s xml:id="N400722" xml:space="preserve">手指拈而種之。</s> <s xml:id="N400725" xml:space="preserve">種過之後，</s> <s xml:id="N400728" xml:space="preserve">隨以腳跟壓<lb/>土使緊，</s> <s xml:id="N40072B" xml:space="preserve">以代北方驢石也。</s> <s xml:id="N40072E" xml:space="preserve">耕種之後，</s> <s xml:id="N400731" xml:space="preserve">勤議耨鋤。</s> <s xml:id="N400734" xml:space="preserve">凡耨草 <pb facs="X06.01.020A" n="十五a"/> 用闊靣大鋪，</s> <s xml:id="N40073A" xml:space="preserve">麥苗生後，</s> <s xml:id="N40073D" xml:space="preserve">耨不厭勤，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d002961"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N400740" xml:space="preserve">有三過四過者。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N400743" xml:space="preserve">餘草生機盡<lb/>誅鋤下，</s> <s xml:id="N400746" xml:space="preserve">則竟畝精華盡聚嘉實矣。</s> <s xml:id="N400749" xml:space="preserve">功勤易耨，</s> <s xml:id="N40074C" xml:space="preserve">南與北同<lb/>也。</s> <s xml:id="N40074F" xml:space="preserve">凡糞麥田，</s> <s xml:id="N400752" xml:space="preserve">既種以後，</s> <s xml:id="N400755" xml:space="preserve">糞無可施，</s> <s xml:id="N400758" xml:space="preserve">爲計在先也。</s> <s xml:id="N40075B" xml:space="preserve">陝、</s> <s xml:id="N40075E" xml:space="preserve">洛之<lb/>間憂蟲蝕者，</s> <s xml:id="N400761" xml:space="preserve">或以砒霜拌種子，</s> <s xml:id="N400764" xml:space="preserve">南方所用惟炊燼也。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d003019"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d003024" xml:space="preserve">俗名地灰。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <lb/> <s xml:id="N400767" xml:space="preserve">南方稻田有種肥田麥者，</s> <s xml:id="N40076A" xml:space="preserve">不糞麥實。</s> <s xml:id="N40076D" xml:space="preserve">當春小麥、</s> <s xml:id="N400770" xml:space="preserve">大麥青<lb/>春之時，</s> <s xml:id="N400773" xml:space="preserve">耕殺田中，</s> <s xml:id="N400776" xml:space="preserve">蒸罨土性，</s> <s xml:id="N400779" xml:space="preserve">秋<g type="V">收</g>稻穀必加倍也。</s> <s xml:id="N40077C" xml:space="preserve">凡麥<lb/><g type="V">收</g>空隙，</s> <s xml:id="N40077F" xml:space="preserve">可再種他物。</s> <s xml:id="N400782" xml:space="preserve">自初夏至季秋，</s> <s xml:id="N400785" xml:space="preserve">時日亦半截，</s> <s xml:id="N400788" xml:space="preserve">擇土<lb/>宜而爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N40078B" xml:space="preserve">惟人所取也。</s> <s xml:id="N40078E" xml:space="preserve">南方大麥有既刈之後乃種遲<lb/>生粳稻者。</s> <s xml:id="N400791" xml:space="preserve">勤農作苦，</s> <s xml:id="N400794" xml:space="preserve">明賜無不及也。</s> <s xml:id="N400797" xml:space="preserve">凡蕎麥，</s> <s xml:id="N40079A" xml:space="preserve">南方必刈 <pb facs="X06.01.020B" n="十五b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.020B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.020B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.021A" n="十六a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.021A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.021A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.021B" n="十六b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.021B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.021B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.022A" n="十七a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.022A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.022A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.022B" n="十七b"/> 稻，</s> <s xml:id="N4007A0" xml:space="preserve">北方必刈菽、</s> <s xml:id="N4007A3" xml:space="preserve">稷而後種。</s> <s xml:id="N4007A6" xml:space="preserve">其性稍吸肥腴，</s> <s xml:id="N4007A9" xml:space="preserve">能使土瘦。</s> <s xml:id="N4007AC" xml:space="preserve">然<lb/>計其穫入，</s> <s xml:id="N4007AF" xml:space="preserve">業償半穀有餘。</s> <s xml:id="N4007B2" xml:space="preserve">勤農之家何防再糞也。</s> </p> <floatingText> <body> <div type="float" xml:id="d003149"> <figure xml:id="d003151" corresp="fig-X06.01.020B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.020B-01"/> <head xml:id="d003156" xml:space="preserve">北耕兼種圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d003159" xml:space="preserve">麥粟梁<lb/>皆用此<lb/>具</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d003166" xml:space="preserve">種子</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d003169" xml:space="preserve">鐵尖</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d003173" xml:space="preserve">鐵尖</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d003177" corresp="fig-X06.01.021A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.021A-01"/> <head xml:id="d003182" xml:space="preserve">北盖種圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d003185" xml:space="preserve">石陀</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d003189" corresp="fig-X06.01.021B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.021B-01"/> <head xml:id="d003194" xml:space="preserve">耨</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d003198" corresp="fig-X06.01.022A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.022A-01"/> <head xml:id="d003203" xml:space="preserve">南種牟麥圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d003206" xml:space="preserve">踵力盖緊</ab> </figure> </div> </body> </floatingText> </div> <div xml:id="d003212" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4007B5" xml:space="preserve">麥災</head> <p xml:id="d003217"> <s xml:id="N4007B8" xml:space="preserve">凡麥防患抵稻三分之一。</s> <s xml:id="N4007BB" xml:space="preserve">播種以後，</s> <s xml:id="N4007BE" xml:space="preserve">雪、</s> <s xml:id="N4007C1" xml:space="preserve">霜、</s> <s xml:id="N4007C4" xml:space="preserve">晴、</s> <s xml:id="N4007C7" xml:space="preserve">潦皆非所<lb/>計。</s> <s xml:id="N4007CA" xml:space="preserve">麥性食水甚少，</s> <s xml:id="N4007CD" xml:space="preserve">北土中春再沐雨水一升，</s> <s xml:id="N4007D0" xml:space="preserve">則秀華成<lb/>嘉粒矣。</s> <s xml:id="N4007D3" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4007D3-01">荊</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4007D6" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4007D6-01">揚</name>以南唯患霉雨。</s> <s xml:id="N4007D9" xml:space="preserve">倘成熟之時晴乾旬日，</s> <s xml:id="N4007DC" xml:space="preserve">則<lb/>倉廩皆盈，</s> <s xml:id="N4007DF" xml:space="preserve">不可勝食。</s> <s xml:id="N4007E2" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4007E2-01">揚州</name>諺云“寸麥不怕尺水”，</s> <s xml:id="N4007E5" xml:space="preserve">謂麥初<lb/>長時，</s> <s xml:id="N4007E8" xml:space="preserve">任水滅頂無傷；</s> <s xml:id="N4007EB" xml:space="preserve">“尺麥只怕寸水”，</s> <s xml:id="N4007EE" xml:space="preserve">謂成熟時寸水軟<lb/>根，</s> <s xml:id="N4007F1" xml:space="preserve">倒莖沾泥，</s> <s xml:id="N4007F4" xml:space="preserve">則麥粒盡爛于地靣也。</s> <s xml:id="N4007F7" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4007F7-01">江南</name>有雀一種，</s> <s xml:id="N4007FA" xml:space="preserve">有 <pb facs="X06.01.023A" n="十八a"/> 肉無骨，</s> <s xml:id="N400800" xml:space="preserve">飛食麥田數盈千萬，</s> <s xml:id="N400803" xml:space="preserve">然不廣及，</s> <s xml:id="N400806" xml:space="preserve">罹害者數十里<lb/>而止。</s> <s xml:id="N400809" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400809-01">江北</name>蝗生，</s> <s xml:id="N40080C" xml:space="preserve">則大祲之歲也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d003333" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400811" xml:space="preserve">黍稷 粱粟</head> <p xml:id="N400814"> <s xml:id="N400816" xml:space="preserve">凡糧食，</s> <s xml:id="N400819" xml:space="preserve">米而不粉者種類甚多。</s> <s xml:id="N40081C" xml:space="preserve">相去數百里，</s> <s xml:id="N40081F" xml:space="preserve">則色、</s> <s xml:id="N400822" xml:space="preserve">味、</s> <s xml:id="N400825" xml:space="preserve">形、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400828" xml:space="preserve">質隨方而變，</s> <s xml:id="N40082B" xml:space="preserve">大同小異，</s> <s xml:id="N40082E" xml:space="preserve">千百其名。</s> <s xml:id="N400831" xml:space="preserve">北人唯以大米呼粳<lb/>稻，</s> <s xml:id="N400834" xml:space="preserve">而其餘槩以小米名之。</s> <s xml:id="N400837" xml:space="preserve">凡黍與稷同類，</s> <s xml:id="N40083A" xml:space="preserve">粱與粟同類。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40083D" xml:space="preserve">黍有粘有不粘，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d003390"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N400840" xml:space="preserve">粘者爲酒。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N400843" xml:space="preserve">稷有粳無粘。</s> <s xml:id="N400846" xml:space="preserve">凡粘黍、</s> <s xml:id="N400849" xml:space="preserve">粘粟統名曰<lb/>秫，</s> <s xml:id="N40084C" xml:space="preserve">非二種外更有秫也。</s> <s xml:id="N40084F" xml:space="preserve">黍色赤、</s> <s xml:id="N400852" xml:space="preserve">白、</s> <s xml:id="N400855" xml:space="preserve">黃、</s> <s xml:id="N400858" xml:space="preserve">黑皆有，</s> <s xml:id="N40085B" xml:space="preserve">而或專以<lb/>黑色爲稷，</s> <s xml:id="N40085E" xml:space="preserve">未是。</s> <s xml:id="N400861" xml:space="preserve">至以稷米爲先他穀熟，</s> <s xml:id="N400864" xml:space="preserve">堪供祭祀則當 <pb facs="X06.01.023B" n="十八b"/> 以早熟者爲稷，</s> <s xml:id="N40086A" xml:space="preserve">則近之矣。</s> <s xml:id="N40086D" xml:space="preserve">凡黍在《詩》、</s> <s xml:id="N400870" xml:space="preserve">《書》有虋、</s> <s xml:id="N400873" xml:space="preserve">芑秬、</s> <s xml:id="N400876" xml:space="preserve">秠等<lb/>名，</s> <s xml:id="N400879" xml:space="preserve">在今方語有牛毛、</s> <s xml:id="N40087C" xml:space="preserve">燕頷、</s> <s xml:id="N40087F" xml:space="preserve">馬革、</s> <s xml:id="N400882" xml:space="preserve">驢皮、</s> <s xml:id="N400885" xml:space="preserve">稻尾等名。</s> <s xml:id="N400888" xml:space="preserve">種以三<lb/>月爲上時，</s> <s xml:id="N40088B" xml:space="preserve">五月熟；</s> <s xml:id="N40088E" xml:space="preserve">四月爲中時，</s> <s xml:id="N400891" xml:space="preserve">七月熟；</s> <s xml:id="N400894" xml:space="preserve">五月爲下時，</s> <s xml:id="N400897" xml:space="preserve">八<lb/>月熟。</s> <s xml:id="N40089A" xml:space="preserve">揚花結穗總與來、</s> <s xml:id="N40089D" xml:space="preserve">牟不相見也。</s> <s xml:id="N4008A0" xml:space="preserve">凡黍粒大小，</s> <s xml:id="N4008A3" xml:space="preserve">總視<lb/>土地肥磽、</s> <s xml:id="N4008A6" xml:space="preserve">時令害育。</s> <s xml:id="N4008A9" xml:space="preserve">宋儒拘定以某方黍定律，</s> <s xml:id="N4008AC" xml:space="preserve">未是也。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4008AF" xml:space="preserve">凡粟與粱統名黃米。</s> <s xml:id="N4008B2" xml:space="preserve">粘粟可爲酒，</s> <s xml:id="N4008B5" xml:space="preserve">而蘆粟一種名曰高<lb/>粱者，</s> <s xml:id="N4008B8" xml:space="preserve">以其身高七尺如蘆、</s> <s xml:id="N4008BB" xml:space="preserve">荻也。</s> <s xml:id="N4008BE" xml:space="preserve">粱粟種類名號之多，</s> <s xml:id="N4008C1" xml:space="preserve">視<lb/>黍稷優甚。</s> <s xml:id="N4008C4" xml:space="preserve">其命名或因姓氏、</s> <s xml:id="N4008C7" xml:space="preserve">山水，</s> <s xml:id="N4008CA" xml:space="preserve">或以形似、</s> <s xml:id="N4008CD" xml:space="preserve">時令，</s> <s xml:id="N4008D0" xml:space="preserve">總之<lb/>不可枚舉。</s> <s xml:id="N4008D3" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4008D3-01">山東</name>人唯以穀子呼之，</s> <s xml:id="N4008D6" xml:space="preserve">倂不知粱粟之名也。</s> <pb facs="X06.01.024A" n="十九a"/> <s xml:id="N4008DC" xml:space="preserve">已上四米皆春種秋穫，</s> <s xml:id="N4008DF" xml:space="preserve">耕耨之法與來、</s> <s xml:id="N4008E2" xml:space="preserve">牟同，</s> <s xml:id="N4008E5" xml:space="preserve">而種<g type="V">收</g>之<lb/>候則相懸絕云。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d003604" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4008EA" xml:space="preserve">麻</head> <p xml:id="N4008ED"> <s xml:id="N4008EF" xml:space="preserve">凡麻可粒可油者，</s> <s xml:id="N4008F2" xml:space="preserve">惟火麻、</s> <s xml:id="N4008F5" xml:space="preserve">胡麻二種。</s> <s xml:id="N4008F8" xml:space="preserve">胡麻<g type="V">即</g>脂麻，</s> <s xml:id="N4008FB" xml:space="preserve">相傳<lb/>西漢始自<name type="place" xml:id="N4008FB-01">大宛</name>來。</s> <s xml:id="N4008FE" xml:space="preserve">古者以麻爲五穀之一，</s> <s xml:id="N400901" xml:space="preserve">若專以火麻<lb/>當之，</s> <s xml:id="N400904" xml:space="preserve">義豈有當哉？</s> <s xml:id="N400907" xml:space="preserve">竊意《詩》、</s> <s xml:id="N40090A" xml:space="preserve">《書》五穀之麻，</s> <s xml:id="N40090D" xml:space="preserve">或其種已滅，</s> <s xml:id="N400910" xml:space="preserve">或<lb/><g type="V">即</g>菽、</s> <s xml:id="N400913" xml:space="preserve">粟之中別種，</s> <s xml:id="N400916" xml:space="preserve">而漸訛其名號，</s> <s xml:id="N400919" xml:space="preserve">皆未可知也。</s> <s xml:id="N40091C" xml:space="preserve">今胡麻<lb/>味美而功高，</s> <s xml:id="N40091F" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>以冠百穀不爲過。</s> <s xml:id="N400922" xml:space="preserve">火麻子粒壓油無多，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400925" xml:space="preserve">皮爲疏惡布，</s> <s xml:id="N400928" xml:space="preserve">其值幾何？</s> <s xml:id="N40092B" xml:space="preserve">胡麻數龠充腸，</s> <s xml:id="N40092E" xml:space="preserve">移時不餒。</s> <s xml:id="N400931" xml:space="preserve">炬餌、</s> <pb facs="X06.01.024B" n="十九b"/> <s xml:id="N400937" xml:space="preserve">飴餳得粘其粒，</s> <s xml:id="N40093A" xml:space="preserve">味高而品貴。</s> <s xml:id="N40093D" xml:space="preserve">其爲油也，</s> <s xml:id="N400940" xml:space="preserve">發得之而澤，</s> <s xml:id="N400943" xml:space="preserve">腹<lb/>得之而膏，</s> <s xml:id="N400946" xml:space="preserve">腥膻得之而芳，</s> <s xml:id="N400949" xml:space="preserve">毒厲得之而解。</s> <s xml:id="N40094C" xml:space="preserve">農家能廣種，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40094F" xml:space="preserve">厚實可勝言哉。</s> <s xml:id="N400952" xml:space="preserve">種胡麻法，</s> <s xml:id="N400955" xml:space="preserve">或治畦圃，</s> <s xml:id="N400958" xml:space="preserve">或壟田畝。</s> <s xml:id="N40095B" xml:space="preserve">土碎草<lb/>凈之極，</s> <s xml:id="N40095E" xml:space="preserve">然後以地灰微濕，</s> <s xml:id="N400961" xml:space="preserve">拌勻麻子而撒種之。</s> <s xml:id="N400964" xml:space="preserve">早者三<lb/>月種，</s> <s xml:id="N400967" xml:space="preserve">遲者不出大暑前。</s> <s xml:id="N40096A" xml:space="preserve">早種者花實亦待中秋乃結。</s> <s xml:id="N40096D" xml:space="preserve">耨<lb/>草之功唯鋤是視。</s> <s xml:id="N400970" xml:space="preserve">其色有黑、</s> <s xml:id="N400973" xml:space="preserve">白、</s> <s xml:id="N400976" xml:space="preserve">赤三者。</s> <s xml:id="N400979" xml:space="preserve">其結角長寸許<lb/>有四棱者，</s> <s xml:id="N40097C" xml:space="preserve">房小而子少，</s> <s xml:id="N40097F" xml:space="preserve">八棱者房大而子多。</s> <s xml:id="N400982" xml:space="preserve">皆因肥瘠<lb/>所至，</s> <s xml:id="N400985" xml:space="preserve">非種性也。</s> <s xml:id="N400988" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">收</g>子榨油每石得四十<g type="R">觔</g>餘，</s> <s xml:id="N40098B" xml:space="preserve">其枯用以<lb/>肥田。</s> <s xml:id="N40098E" xml:space="preserve">若飢荒之年，</s> <s xml:id="N400991" xml:space="preserve">則留供人食。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.025A" n="二十a"/> </div> <div xml:id="d003829" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400998" xml:space="preserve">菽</head> <p xml:id="N40099B"> <s xml:id="N40099D" xml:space="preserve">凡菽種類之多，</s> <s xml:id="N4009A0" xml:space="preserve">與稻、</s> <s xml:id="N4009A3" xml:space="preserve">黍相等，</s> <s xml:id="N4009A6" xml:space="preserve">播種<g type="V">收</g>穫之期，</s> <s xml:id="N4009A9" xml:space="preserve">四秀相承。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4009AC" xml:space="preserve">果腹之功在人日用，</s> <s xml:id="N4009AF" xml:space="preserve">盖與飲食相終始。 </s> <s xml:id="N4009B2" xml:space="preserve">一種大豆、</s> <s xml:id="N4009B5" xml:space="preserve">有<lb/>黑、</s> <s xml:id="N4009B8" xml:space="preserve">黃兩色，</s> <s xml:id="N4009BB" xml:space="preserve">下種不出清明前後。</s> <s xml:id="N4009BE" xml:space="preserve">黃者有五月黃、</s> <s xml:id="N4009C1" xml:space="preserve">六月爆、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4009C4" xml:space="preserve">冬黃三種。</s> <s xml:id="N4009C7" xml:space="preserve">王月黃<g type="V">收</g>粒少，</s> <s xml:id="N4009CA" xml:space="preserve">而冬黃必倍之。</s> <s xml:id="N4009CD" xml:space="preserve">黑者刻期八<lb/>月<g type="V">收</g>。</s> <s xml:id="N4009D0" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4009D0-01">淮北</name>長征騾馬必食黑豆，</s> <s xml:id="N4009D3" xml:space="preserve">筋力乃強。</s> <s xml:id="N4009D6" xml:space="preserve">凡大豆視土<lb/>地肥磽、</s> <s xml:id="N4009D9" xml:space="preserve">耨草勤怠、</s> <s xml:id="N4009DC" xml:space="preserve">雨露足慳，</s> <s xml:id="N4009DF" xml:space="preserve">分<g type="V">收</g>入多少。</s> <s xml:id="N4009E2" xml:space="preserve">凡爲豉、</s> <s xml:id="N4009E5" xml:space="preserve">爲醬、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4009E8" xml:space="preserve">爲腐，</s> <s xml:id="N4009EB" xml:space="preserve">皆大豆中取質焉。</s> <s xml:id="N4009EE" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4009EE-01">江南</name>又有高腳黃，</s> <s xml:id="N4009F1" xml:space="preserve">六月刈早稻<lb/>方再種，</s> <s xml:id="N4009F4" xml:space="preserve">九十月<g type="V">收</g>穫。</s> <s xml:id="N4009F7" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4009F7-01">江西</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4009F7-02">吉郡</name>種法甚妙：</s> <s xml:id="N4009FA" xml:space="preserve">其刈稻田竟 <pb facs="X06.01.025B" n="二十b"/> 不耕墾，</s> <s xml:id="N400A00" xml:space="preserve">每禾藁頭中拈豆三四粒，</s> <s xml:id="N400A03" xml:space="preserve">以指及之，</s> <s xml:id="N400A06" xml:space="preserve">其藁凝露<lb/>水以滋豆，</s> <s xml:id="N400A09" xml:space="preserve">豆性<g type="V">充</g>發，</s> <s xml:id="N400A0C" xml:space="preserve">復侵爛藁根以滋。</s> <s xml:id="N400A0F" xml:space="preserve">已生苗之後，</s> <s xml:id="N400A12" xml:space="preserve">遇<lb/>無雨亢亁，</s> <s xml:id="N400A15" xml:space="preserve">則汲水一升以灌之。</s> <s xml:id="N400A18" xml:space="preserve">一灌之後，</s> <s xml:id="N400A1B" xml:space="preserve">再耕之餘，</s> <s xml:id="N400A1E" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">收</g><lb/>穫甚多。</s> <s xml:id="N400A21" xml:space="preserve">凡大豆入土未出芽時，</s> <s xml:id="N400A24" xml:space="preserve">防鳩雀害，</s> <s xml:id="N400A27" xml:space="preserve">驅之惟人。 <lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400A2A" xml:space="preserve">一種緑豆，</s> <s xml:id="N400A2D" xml:space="preserve">圓小如珠。</s> <s xml:id="N400A30" xml:space="preserve">緑豆必小署方種，</s> <s xml:id="N400A33" xml:space="preserve">未及小暑而種，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400A36" xml:space="preserve">則其苗蔓延數尺，</s> <s xml:id="N400A39" xml:space="preserve">結莢甚稀。</s> <s xml:id="N400A3C" xml:space="preserve">若過期至于處署，</s> <s xml:id="N400A3F" xml:space="preserve">則隨時<lb/>開花結莢，</s> <s xml:id="N400A42" xml:space="preserve">顆粒亦少。</s> <s xml:id="N400A45" xml:space="preserve">豆種亦有二，</s> <s xml:id="N400A48" xml:space="preserve">一曰摘緑，</s> <s xml:id="N400A4B" xml:space="preserve">莢先老者<lb/>先摘，</s> <s xml:id="N400A4E" xml:space="preserve">人逐日而取之。</s> <s xml:id="N400A51" xml:space="preserve">一曰撥緑，</s> <s xml:id="N400A54" xml:space="preserve">則至期老足，</s> <s xml:id="N400A57" xml:space="preserve">竟畝拔取<lb/>也。</s> <s xml:id="d004088" xml:space="preserve"> 丹緑豆磨澄晒亁爲粉，</s> <s xml:id="d004091" xml:space="preserve"> 盪片搓索，</s> <s xml:id="d004094" xml:space="preserve"> 食家珍貴。</s> <s xml:id="d004098" xml:space="preserve"> 做粉溲</s> <pb facs="X06.01.026A" n="二一a"/> <s xml:id="N400A57.1" xml:space="preserve">漿觀田甚肥。</s> <s xml:id="N400A5D" xml:space="preserve">凡畜藏緑豆種子，</s> <s xml:id="N400A60" xml:space="preserve">或用地灰、</s> <s xml:id="N400A63" xml:space="preserve">石灰、</s> <s xml:id="N400A66" xml:space="preserve">或用馬<lb/>蓼，</s> <s xml:id="N400A69" xml:space="preserve">或用黃土拌<g type="V">收</g>，</s> <s xml:id="N400A6C" xml:space="preserve">則四五月間不愁空蛀。</s> <s xml:id="N400A6F" xml:space="preserve">勤者逢晴頻<lb/>晒，</s> <s xml:id="N400A72" xml:space="preserve">亦免蛀。</s> <s xml:id="N400A75" xml:space="preserve">凡已刈稻田，</s> <s xml:id="N400A78" xml:space="preserve">夏秋種緑豆，</s> <s xml:id="N400A7B" xml:space="preserve">必長接斧柄，</s> <s xml:id="N400A7E" xml:space="preserve">擊碎<lb/>土塊，</s> <s xml:id="N400A81" xml:space="preserve">發生乃多。</s> <s xml:id="N400A84" xml:space="preserve">凡種緑豆，</s> <s xml:id="N400A87" xml:space="preserve">一日之內遇大雨扳土則不<lb/>復生。</s> <s xml:id="N400A8A" xml:space="preserve">既生之後，</s> <s xml:id="N400A8D" xml:space="preserve">防雨水浸，</s> <s xml:id="N400A90" xml:space="preserve">疏溝澮以洩之。</s> <s xml:id="N400A93" xml:space="preserve">凡耕緑豆及<lb/>大豆田地，</s> <s xml:id="N400A96" xml:space="preserve">耒耜欲淺，</s> <s xml:id="N400A99" xml:space="preserve">不宜深入。</s> <s xml:id="N400A9C" xml:space="preserve">盖豆質根短而苗直，</s> <s xml:id="N400A9F" xml:space="preserve">耕<lb/>土既深，</s> <s xml:id="N400AA2" xml:space="preserve">土塊曲壓，</s> <s xml:id="N400AA5" xml:space="preserve">則不生者半矣。</s> <s xml:id="N400AA8" xml:space="preserve">“深耕”二字不可施之<lb/>菽類，</s> <s xml:id="N400AAB" xml:space="preserve">此先家之所未發者。 </s> <s xml:id="N400AAE" xml:space="preserve">一種豌豆，</s> <s xml:id="N400AB1" xml:space="preserve">此豆有黑斑㸃，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400AB4" xml:space="preserve">形圓同緑豆，</s> <s xml:id="N400AB7" xml:space="preserve">而大則過之。</s> <s xml:id="N400ABA" xml:space="preserve">其種十月下，</s> <s xml:id="N400ABD" xml:space="preserve">來年五月<g type="V">收</g>。</s> <s xml:id="N400AC0" xml:space="preserve">凡 <pb facs="X06.01.026B" n="二一b"/> 樹木葉遲者，</s> <s xml:id="N400AC6" xml:space="preserve">其下亦可種。 </s> <s xml:id="N400AC9" xml:space="preserve">一種蠶豆，</s> <s xml:id="N400ACC" xml:space="preserve">其莢似蠶形，</s> <s xml:id="N400ACF" xml:space="preserve">豆<lb/>粒大于大豆。</s> <s xml:id="N400AD2" xml:space="preserve">八月下種，</s> <s xml:id="N400AD5" xml:space="preserve">來年四月<g type="V">收</g>。</s> <s xml:id="N400AD8" xml:space="preserve">西浙桑樹之下遍<lb/>環種之。</s> <s xml:id="N400ADB" xml:space="preserve">盖凡特樹葉遮露則不生，</s> <s xml:id="N400ADE" xml:space="preserve">此豆與豌豆，</s> <s xml:id="N400AE1" xml:space="preserve">樹葉茂<lb/>時彼已結莢而成實矣。</s> <s xml:id="N400AE4" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400AE4-01">襄</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400AE7" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400AE7-01">漢</name>上流，</s> <s xml:id="N400AED" xml:space="preserve">此豆甚多而賤，</s> <s xml:id="N400AF0" xml:space="preserve">果腹<lb/>之功不啻黍稷也。 </s> <s xml:id="N400AF3" xml:space="preserve">一種小豆，</s> <s xml:id="N400AF6" xml:space="preserve">赤小豆入藥有竒功，</s> <s xml:id="N400AF9" xml:space="preserve">白<lb/>小豆</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d004310"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d004315" xml:space="preserve">一名飯豆</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d004326" xml:space="preserve">當食助嘉欲。</s> <s xml:id="N400AFC" xml:space="preserve">夏至下種，</s> <s xml:id="N400AFF" xml:space="preserve">九月<g type="V">收</g>穫，</s> <s xml:id="N400B02" xml:space="preserve">種盛<name type="place" xml:id="N400B02-01">江</name><name type="place" xml:id="N400B02-02">淮</name><lb/>之間。 </s> <s xml:id="N400B05" xml:space="preserve"><choice><sic>二</sic><corr>一</corr></choice>種穭</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d004355"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d004360" xml:space="preserve">音呂</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d004371" xml:space="preserve">豆，</s> <s xml:id="N400B08" xml:space="preserve">此豆古者野生田間，</s> <s xml:id="N400B0B" xml:space="preserve">今則此土盛<lb/>種。</s> <s xml:id="N400B0E" xml:space="preserve">成粉蕩皮可敵緑豆。</s> <s xml:id="N400B11" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400B11-01">燕京</name>負販者，</s> <s xml:id="N400B14" xml:space="preserve">終朝呼穭豆皮，</s> <s xml:id="N400B17" xml:space="preserve">則<lb/>其產必多矣。 </s> <s xml:id="N400B1A" xml:space="preserve">一種白藊豆，</s> <s xml:id="N400B1D" xml:space="preserve">乃沿籬蔓生者，</s> <s xml:id="N400B20" xml:space="preserve">一名蛾眉 <pb facs="X06.01.027A" n="二二a"/> 豆。</s> <s xml:id="N400B26" xml:space="preserve">其他豇豆、</s> <s xml:id="N400B29" xml:space="preserve">虎斑豆、</s> <s xml:id="N400B2C" xml:space="preserve">刀豆，</s> <s xml:id="N400B2F" xml:space="preserve">與大豆中分青皮、</s> <s xml:id="N400B32" xml:space="preserve">褐色之類，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400B35" xml:space="preserve">間繁一方者，</s> <s xml:id="N400B38" xml:space="preserve">猶不能盡述。</s> <s xml:id="N400B3B" xml:space="preserve">皆充蔬代穀以粒藊民者，</s> <s xml:id="N400B3E" xml:space="preserve">博<lb/>物者其可忽諸！</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.027B" n="二二b"/> <pb facs="X06.01.028A" n="二三a"/> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d004449" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N400B45" xml:space="preserve">乃服第二卷</head> <p xml:id="N400B48"> <s xml:id="N400B4A" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N400B4D" xml:space="preserve">人爲萬物之靈，</s> <s xml:id="N400B50" xml:space="preserve">五官百體，</s> <s xml:id="N400B53" xml:space="preserve">賅而存焉。</s> <s xml:id="N400B56" xml:space="preserve">貴者垂衣<lb/>裳，</s> <s xml:id="N400B59" xml:space="preserve">煌煌山龍，</s> <s xml:id="N400B5C" xml:space="preserve">以治天下，</s> <s xml:id="N400B5F" xml:space="preserve">賤者裋褐、</s> <s xml:id="N400B62" xml:space="preserve">枲裳，</s> <s xml:id="N400B65" xml:space="preserve">冬以御寒，</s> <s xml:id="N400B68" xml:space="preserve">夏以<lb/>蔽體，</s> <s xml:id="N400B6B" xml:space="preserve">以自別于禽獸。</s> <s xml:id="N400B6E" xml:space="preserve">是故其質則造物之所具也。</s> <s xml:id="N400B71" xml:space="preserve">屬草<lb/>木者爲枲、</s> <s xml:id="N400B74" xml:space="preserve">麻、</s> <s xml:id="N400B77" xml:space="preserve">萵、</s> <s xml:id="N400B7A" xml:space="preserve">葛，</s> <s xml:id="N400B7D" xml:space="preserve">屬禽獸與昆蟲者爲裘褐、</s> <s xml:id="N400B80" xml:space="preserve">絲綿。</s> <s xml:id="N400B83" xml:space="preserve">各載<lb/>其半，</s> <s xml:id="N400B86" xml:space="preserve">而裳服充焉矣。</s> <s xml:id="N400B89" xml:space="preserve">天孫機杼，</s> <s xml:id="N400B8C" xml:space="preserve">傳巧人間。</s> <s xml:id="N400B8F" xml:space="preserve">從本質而見<lb/>花，</s> <s xml:id="N400B92" xml:space="preserve">因繡濯而得錦。</s> <s xml:id="N400B95" xml:space="preserve">乃杼柚遍天下，</s> <s xml:id="N400B98" xml:space="preserve">而得見花機之巧者，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400B9B" xml:space="preserve">能幾人哉？</s> <s xml:id="N400B9E" xml:space="preserve">“治亂”、</s> <s xml:id="N400BA1" xml:space="preserve">“經綸”字義，</s> <s xml:id="N400BA4" xml:space="preserve">學者童而習之，</s> <s xml:id="N400BA7" xml:space="preserve">而終身不見<lb/>其形象，</s> <s xml:id="N400BAA" xml:space="preserve">豈非缺憾也！</s> <s xml:id="N400BAD" xml:space="preserve">先列飼蠶之法，</s> <s xml:id="N400BB0" xml:space="preserve">以知絲源之所自。</s> <pb facs="X06.01.028B" n="二三b"/> <s xml:id="N400BB5" xml:space="preserve">葢人物相麗，</s> <s xml:id="N400BB8" xml:space="preserve">貴賤有章，</s> <s xml:id="N400BBB" xml:space="preserve">天實爲之矣。</s> </p> <div xml:id="d004594" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400BC0" xml:space="preserve">蠶種</head> <p xml:id="N400BC3"> <s xml:id="N400BC5" xml:space="preserve">凡蛹變蠶蛾，</s> <s xml:id="N400BC8" xml:space="preserve">旬日破繭而出，</s> <s xml:id="N400BCB" xml:space="preserve">雌雄均等。</s> <s xml:id="N400BCE" xml:space="preserve">雌者伏而不動，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400BD1" xml:space="preserve">雄者兩翅飛撲，</s> <s xml:id="N400BD4" xml:space="preserve">遇雌<g type="V">即</g>交，</s> <s xml:id="N400BD7" xml:space="preserve">交一日、</s> <s xml:id="N400BDA" xml:space="preserve">半日方解。</s> <s xml:id="N400BDD" xml:space="preserve">解脫之後，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400BE0" xml:space="preserve">雄者中枯而死。</s> <s xml:id="N400BE3" xml:space="preserve">雌者<g type="V">即</g>時生卵。</s> <s xml:id="N400BE6" xml:space="preserve">承藉卵生者，</s> <s xml:id="N400BE9" xml:space="preserve">或紙或布，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400BEC" xml:space="preserve">隨方所用。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d004656"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N400BEF" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400BEF-01">嘉</name><name type="place" xml:id="N400BEF-02">湖</name>用桑皮厚紙，</s> <s xml:id="N400BF2" xml:space="preserve">來年尚可再用。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N400BF5" xml:space="preserve">一蛾計生卵二百餘粒，</s> <s xml:id="N400BF8" xml:space="preserve">自<lb/>然粘于紙上，</s> <s xml:id="N400BFB" xml:space="preserve">粒粒勻鋪，</s> <s xml:id="N400BFE" xml:space="preserve">天然無一堆積。</s> <s xml:id="N400C01" xml:space="preserve">蠶主<g type="V">收</g>貯，</s> <s xml:id="N400C04" xml:space="preserve">以待<lb/>來年。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d004704" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400C09" xml:space="preserve">蠶浴</head> <pb facs="X06.01.029A" n="二四a"/> <p xml:id="N400C0E"> <s xml:id="N400C10" xml:space="preserve">凡蠶用浴法，</s> <s xml:id="N400C13" xml:space="preserve">唯<name type="place" xml:id="N400C13-01">嘉</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400C16" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400C16-01">湖</name><name type="place" xml:id="N400C16-02">兩郡</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N400C19" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400C19-01">湖</name>多用天露、</s> <s xml:id="N400C1C" xml:space="preserve">石灰，</s> <s xml:id="N400C1F" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400C1F-01">嘉</name>多用鹽<lb/>鹵水。</s> <s xml:id="N400C22" xml:space="preserve">每蠶紙一張，</s> <s xml:id="N400C25" xml:space="preserve">用鹽倉走出貞水二升，</s> <s xml:id="N400C28" xml:space="preserve">參水浸于盂<lb/>內，</s> <s xml:id="N400C2B" xml:space="preserve">紙浮其靣。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d004761"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N400C2E" xml:space="preserve">石灰仿此。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d004776" xml:space="preserve"><g type="R">逢</g>臘月十二<g type="V">即</g>浸浴，</s> <s xml:id="d004784" xml:space="preserve">至二十四日，</s> <s xml:id="d004787" xml:space="preserve">計<lb/>十二日，</s> <s xml:id="d004792" xml:space="preserve">周<g type="V">即</g>漉<g type="V">起</g>，</s> <s xml:id="d004801" xml:space="preserve">用<g type="V">微</g>火炡<g type="V">乾</g>。</s> <s xml:id="d004810" xml:space="preserve">從此珍重箱匣中，</s> <s xml:id="d004814" xml:space="preserve">半㸃<lb/>風濕不受，</s> <s xml:id="d004819" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">直</g>待清明抱產。</s> <s xml:id="N400C31" xml:space="preserve">其天露浴者，</s> <s xml:id="N400C34" xml:space="preserve">時日相同。</s> <s xml:id="N400C37" xml:space="preserve">以篾<lb/>盤盛紙，</s> <s xml:id="N400C3A" xml:space="preserve">攤開層上，</s> <s xml:id="N400C3D" xml:space="preserve">四隅小石鎮壓，</s> <s xml:id="N400C40" xml:space="preserve">任從霜雪、</s> <s xml:id="N400C43" xml:space="preserve">風雨、</s> <s xml:id="N400C46" xml:space="preserve">雷電，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400C49" xml:space="preserve">滿十二日方<g type="V">收</g>。</s> <s xml:id="N400C4C" xml:space="preserve">珍，</s> <s xml:id="N400C4F" xml:space="preserve">重待時如前法。</s> <s xml:id="N400C52" xml:space="preserve">盖低種經浴，</s> <s xml:id="N400C55" xml:space="preserve">則自死<lb/>不出，</s> <s xml:id="N400C58" xml:space="preserve">不費葉故，</s> <s xml:id="N400C5B" xml:space="preserve">且得絲亦多也，</s> <s xml:id="N400C5E" xml:space="preserve">晚種不用浴。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d004885" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400C63" xml:space="preserve">種<g type="V">忌</g></head> <pb facs="X06.01.029B" n="二四b"/> <p xml:id="N400C68"> <s xml:id="N400C6A" xml:space="preserve">凡蠶紙用竹木四條爲方架，</s> <s xml:id="N400C6D" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400C6D-01">高懸</name>透風避日粱枋之上，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400C70" xml:space="preserve">其下忌桐油、</s> <s xml:id="N400C73" xml:space="preserve">烟煤火氣，</s> <s xml:id="N400C76" xml:space="preserve">冬月忌雪映，</s> <s xml:id="N400C79" xml:space="preserve">一映<g type="V">即</g>空。</s> <s xml:id="N400C7C" xml:space="preserve">遇大雪<lb/>下時，</s> <s xml:id="N400C7F" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>忙<g type="V">收</g>貯，</s> <s xml:id="N400C82" xml:space="preserve">明日雪過，</s> <s xml:id="N400C85" xml:space="preserve">依然懸挂，</s> <s xml:id="N400C88" xml:space="preserve">直待臘月浴藏。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d004947" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400C8D" xml:space="preserve">種類</head> <p xml:id="N400C90"> <s xml:id="N400C92" xml:space="preserve">凡蠶有早、</s> <s xml:id="N400C95" xml:space="preserve">晚二種。</s> <s xml:id="N400C98" xml:space="preserve">晚種每年先早種五六日出，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d004965"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N400C9B" xml:space="preserve">川中者不同。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <lb/> <s xml:id="N400C9E" xml:space="preserve">結繭亦在先，</s> <s xml:id="N400CA1" xml:space="preserve">其繭較輕三分之一。</s> <s xml:id="N400CA4" xml:space="preserve">若早蠶結繭時，</s> <s xml:id="N400CA7" xml:space="preserve">彼已<lb/>出蛾生卵，</s> <s xml:id="N400CAA" xml:space="preserve">以便再養矣。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d004999"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N400CAD" xml:space="preserve">晚蛹戒不宜食。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N400CB0" xml:space="preserve">凡三樣浴種，</s> <s xml:id="N400CB3" xml:space="preserve">皆謹視原<lb/>記。</s> <s xml:id="N400CB6" xml:space="preserve">如一錯誤，</s> <s xml:id="N400CB9" xml:space="preserve">或將天露者投鹽浴，</s> <s xml:id="N400CBC" xml:space="preserve">則盡空不出矣。</s> <s xml:id="N400CBF" xml:space="preserve">凡繭<lb/>色唯黃、</s> <s xml:id="N400CC2" xml:space="preserve">白二種。</s> <s xml:id="N400CC5" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400CC5-01">川</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400CC8" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400CC8-01">陝</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400CCB" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400CCB-01">晉</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400CCE" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400CCE-01">豫</name>有黃無白，</s> <s xml:id="N400CD1" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400CD1-01">嘉</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400CD4" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400CD4-01">湖</name>有白無黃。</s> <s xml:id="N400CD7" xml:space="preserve">若 <pb facs="X06.01.030A" n="二五a"/> 將白雄配黃雌，</s> <s xml:id="N400CDD" xml:space="preserve">則其嗣變成褐繭。</s> <s xml:id="N400CE0" xml:space="preserve">黃絲以豬胰漂洗，</s> <s xml:id="N400CE3" xml:space="preserve">亦<lb/>成白色，</s> <s xml:id="N400CE6" xml:space="preserve">但終不可染漂白、</s> <s xml:id="N400CE9" xml:space="preserve">桃紅二色。</s> <s xml:id="N400CEC" xml:space="preserve">凡繭形亦有數種。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400CEF" xml:space="preserve">晚繭結成亞腰葫盧樣，</s> <s xml:id="N400CF2" xml:space="preserve">天露繭尖長如榧子形，</s> <s xml:id="N400CF5" xml:space="preserve">又或圓<lb/>扁如核桃形。</s> <s xml:id="N400CF8" xml:space="preserve">又一種不忌泥塗葉者，</s> <s xml:id="N400CFB" xml:space="preserve">名爲賤蠶，</s> <s xml:id="N400CFE" xml:space="preserve">得絲偏<lb/>多。</s> <s xml:id="N400D01" xml:space="preserve">凡蠶形亦有純白、</s> <s xml:id="N400D04" xml:space="preserve">虎斑、</s> <s xml:id="N400D07" xml:space="preserve">純黑、</s> <s xml:id="N400D0A" xml:space="preserve">花紋數種，</s> <s xml:id="N400D0D" xml:space="preserve">吐絲則同。</s> <s xml:id="N400D10" xml:space="preserve">今<lb/>寒家有將早雄配晚雌者，</s> <s xml:id="N400D13" xml:space="preserve">幻出<name type="place" xml:id="N400D13-01">嘉</name>種，</s> <s xml:id="N400D16" xml:space="preserve">一異也。</s> <s xml:id="N400D19" xml:space="preserve">野蠶自爲<lb/>繭，</s> <s xml:id="N400D1C" xml:space="preserve">出<name type="place" xml:id="N400D1C-01">青州</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400D1F" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400D1F-01">沂水</name>等地，</s> <s xml:id="N400D22" xml:space="preserve">樹老<g type="V">即</g>自生。</s> <s xml:id="N400D25" xml:space="preserve">其絲爲衣，</s> <s xml:id="N400D28" xml:space="preserve">能御雨及<lb/>垢污。</s> <s xml:id="N400D2B" xml:space="preserve">其蛾出<g type="V">即</g>能飛，</s> <s xml:id="N400D2E" xml:space="preserve">不傳種紙上。</s> <s xml:id="N400D31" xml:space="preserve">他處亦有，</s> <s xml:id="N400D34" xml:space="preserve">但稀少耳。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d005200" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400D39" xml:space="preserve">抱養</head> <pb facs="X06.01.030B" n="二五b"/> <p xml:id="N400D3E"> <s xml:id="N400D40" xml:space="preserve">凡清明逝三日，</s> <s xml:id="N400D43" xml:space="preserve">蠶<g type="V">尐</g><g type="V">即</g>不偎衣衾暖氣，</s> <s xml:id="N400D46" xml:space="preserve">自然出生。</s> <s xml:id="N400D49" xml:space="preserve">蠶室<lb/>宜向<name type="place" xml:id="N400D49-01">東南</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N400D4C" xml:space="preserve">周圍用紙糊風隙，</s> <s xml:id="N400D4F" xml:space="preserve">上無棚板者宜頂格，</s> <s xml:id="N400D52" xml:space="preserve">值寒<lb/>冷則用炭火于室內助暖。</s> <s xml:id="N400D55" xml:space="preserve">凡初乳蠶，</s> <s xml:id="N400D58" xml:space="preserve">將桑葉切爲細條。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400D5B" xml:space="preserve">切葉不束稻麥藁爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N400D5E" xml:space="preserve">則不損刀。</s> <s xml:id="N400D61" xml:space="preserve">摘葉用甕壇盛，</s> <s xml:id="N400D64" xml:space="preserve">不欲<lb/>風只枯悴。</s> <s xml:id="N400D67" xml:space="preserve">二眠以前，</s> <s xml:id="N400D6A" xml:space="preserve">騰筐方法皆用尖圓小竹筷提過。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400D6D" xml:space="preserve">二眠以後則不用箸，</s> <s xml:id="N400D70" xml:space="preserve">而手指可拈矣。</s> <s xml:id="N400D73" xml:space="preserve">凡騰筐勤苦，</s> <s xml:id="N400D76" xml:space="preserve">皆視<lb/>人工。</s> <s xml:id="N400D79" xml:space="preserve">怠于謄者，</s> <s xml:id="d005292" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">厚</g>葉與<g type="V">糞</g>濕蒸，</s> <s xml:id="d005300" xml:space="preserve">多致壓死。</s> <s xml:id="d005303" xml:space="preserve">凡<g type="RV">眠</g><g type="V">齊</g>時，</s> <s xml:id="d005312" xml:space="preserve">皆<lb/><g type="V">吐</g>絲而後<g type="RV">眠</g>。</s> <s xml:id="d005322" xml:space="preserve">若謄<g type="V">過</g>，</s> <s xml:id="N400D7C" xml:space="preserve">須將舊葉些微揀淨。</s> <s xml:id="N400D7F" xml:space="preserve">若粘帶絲纏<lb/>葉在中，</s> <s xml:id="N400D82" xml:space="preserve">眠起之時，</s> <s xml:id="N400D85" xml:space="preserve">恐其<g type="V">即</g>食一口，</s> <s xml:id="N400D88" xml:space="preserve">則其病爲脹死。</s> <s xml:id="N400D8B" xml:space="preserve">三眠 <pb facs="X06.01.031A" n="二六a"/> 已過，</s> <s xml:id="N400D91" xml:space="preserve">若天氣炎熱，</s> <s xml:id="N400D94" xml:space="preserve">急宜搬出寬涼所，</s> <s xml:id="N400D97" xml:space="preserve">亦忌風吹。</s> <s xml:id="N400D9A" xml:space="preserve">凡大眠<lb/>後，</s> <s xml:id="N400D9D" xml:space="preserve">計上葉十二食方騰，</s> <s xml:id="N400DA0" xml:space="preserve">太勤則絲糙。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d005377" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400DA5" xml:space="preserve">養<g type="V">忌</g></head> <p xml:id="N400DA8"> <s xml:id="N400DAA" xml:space="preserve">凡蠶畏香，</s> <s xml:id="N400DAD" xml:space="preserve">復畏臭。</s> <s xml:id="N400DB0" xml:space="preserve">若焚骨灰、</s> <s xml:id="N400DB3" xml:space="preserve">淘毛圊者，</s> <s xml:id="N400DB6" xml:space="preserve">順風吹來，</s> <s xml:id="N400DB9" xml:space="preserve">多致<lb/>觸死。</s> <s xml:id="N400DBC" xml:space="preserve">隔壁煎鮑魚、</s> <s xml:id="N400DBF" xml:space="preserve">突脂，</s> <s xml:id="N400DC2" xml:space="preserve">亦或觸死。</s> <s xml:id="N400DC5" xml:space="preserve">灶燒煤炭，</s> <s xml:id="N400DC8" xml:space="preserve">爐<g type="V">爇</g>沉、</s> <s xml:id="N400DCB" xml:space="preserve">檀，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400DCE" xml:space="preserve">亦觸死。</s> <s xml:id="N400DD1" xml:space="preserve">懶婦便器援動氣侵，</s> <s xml:id="N400DD4" xml:space="preserve">亦有損傷。</s> <s xml:id="N400DD7" xml:space="preserve">若風則偏忌<name type="place" xml:id="N400DD7-01">西<lb/>南</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N400DDA" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400DDA-01">西南</name>風太勁，</s> <s xml:id="N400DDD" xml:space="preserve">則有合箔皆殭者。</s> <s xml:id="N400DE0" xml:space="preserve">凡臭氣觸來，</s> <s xml:id="N400DE3" xml:space="preserve">急燒殘<lb/>桑葉烟以抵之。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d005468" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400DE8" xml:space="preserve">葉料</head> <pb facs="X06.01.031B" n="二六b"/> <p xml:id="N400DED"> <s xml:id="N400DEF" xml:space="preserve">凡桑葉無土不生。</s> <s xml:id="N400DF2" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400DF2-01">嘉</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400DF5" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400DF5-01">湖</name>用枝條垂壓，</s> <s xml:id="N400DF8" xml:space="preserve">今年視桑樹傍生<lb/>條，</s> <s xml:id="N400DFB" xml:space="preserve">用竹鈎掛卧，</s> <s xml:id="N400DFE" xml:space="preserve">逐漸近地靣，</s> <s xml:id="N400E01" xml:space="preserve">至科月則拋土壓之，</s> <s xml:id="N400E04" xml:space="preserve">來春<lb/>每節生根，</s> <s xml:id="N400E07" xml:space="preserve">則剪開他栽。</s> <s xml:id="N400E0A" xml:space="preserve">其樹精華皆聚葉上，</s> <s xml:id="N400E0D" xml:space="preserve">不復生葚<lb/>與開花矣。</s> <s xml:id="N400E10" xml:space="preserve">欲葉便剪摘，</s> <s xml:id="N400E13" xml:space="preserve">則樹至七八尺<g type="V">即</g>斬截當頂，</s> <s xml:id="N400E16" xml:space="preserve">葉<lb/>則婆娑可扳伐，</s> <s xml:id="N400E19" xml:space="preserve">不必乘梯緣木也。</s> <s xml:id="N400E1C" xml:space="preserve">其他用子種者，</s> <s xml:id="N400E1F" xml:space="preserve">立夏<lb/>桑葚紫熟時取來，</s> <s xml:id="N400E22" xml:space="preserve">用黃泥水搓洗，</s> <s xml:id="N400E25" xml:space="preserve">倂水澆于地靣，</s> <s xml:id="N400E28" xml:space="preserve">本秋<lb/><g type="V">即</g>長尺餘。</s> <s xml:id="N400E2B" xml:space="preserve">來春移栽，</s> <s xml:id="N400E2E" xml:space="preserve">倘灌糞勤勞，</s> <s xml:id="N400E31" xml:space="preserve">亦易長茂。</s> <s xml:id="N400E34" xml:space="preserve">但間有生<lb/>葚與開花者，</s> <s xml:id="N400E37" xml:space="preserve">則葉最薄少耳。</s> <s xml:id="N400E3A" xml:space="preserve">又有花桑葉薄不堪用者，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400E3D" xml:space="preserve">其樹接過，</s> <s xml:id="N400E40" xml:space="preserve">亦生厚葉也。</s> <s xml:id="N400E43" xml:space="preserve">又有柘葉三種以濟桑葉之窮。</s> <pb facs="X06.01.032A" n="二七a"/> <s xml:id="N400E48" xml:space="preserve">柘葉<name type="place" xml:id="N400E48-01">浙中</name>不經見，</s> <s xml:id="N400E4B" xml:space="preserve">川中最多。</s> <s xml:id="N400E4E" xml:space="preserve">塞家用<name type="place" xml:id="N400E4E-01">浙</name>種桑葉窮時，</s> <s xml:id="N400E51" xml:space="preserve">仍<lb/>啖柘葉，</s> <s xml:id="N400E54" xml:space="preserve">則物理一也。</s> <s xml:id="N400E57" xml:space="preserve">凡琴弦、</s> <s xml:id="N400E5A" xml:space="preserve">弓弦絲，</s> <s xml:id="N400E5D" xml:space="preserve">用柘養蠶，</s> <s xml:id="N400E60" xml:space="preserve">名曰棘<lb/>繭，</s> <s xml:id="N400E63" xml:space="preserve">謂最堅韌。</s> <s xml:id="N400E66" xml:space="preserve">凡取葉必用剪，</s> <s xml:id="N400E69" xml:space="preserve">鐵剪出<name type="place" xml:id="N400E69-01">嘉郡</name><name type="place" xml:id="N400E69-02">桐鄉</name>者最犀<lb/>利，</s> <s xml:id="N400E6C" xml:space="preserve">他鄉未得其利。</s> <s xml:id="N400E6F" xml:space="preserve">剪枝之法，</s> <s xml:id="N400E72" xml:space="preserve">再生條資月葉愈茂，</s> <s xml:id="N400E75" xml:space="preserve">取資<lb/>既多，</s> <s xml:id="N400E78" xml:space="preserve">人工復便。</s> <s xml:id="N400E7B" xml:space="preserve">凡再生條葉，</s> <s xml:id="N400E7E" xml:space="preserve">仲夏以養晚蠶，</s> <s xml:id="N400E81" xml:space="preserve">則止摘葉<lb/>而不剪條。</s> <s xml:id="N400E84" xml:space="preserve">二葉摘後，</s> <s xml:id="N400E87" xml:space="preserve">秋來三葉復茂，</s> <s xml:id="N400E8A" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400E8A-01">浙</name>人聽其經霜自<lb/>落，</s> <s xml:id="N400E8D" xml:space="preserve">片片掃拾以飼綿羊，</s> <s xml:id="N400E90" xml:space="preserve">大獲絨氈之利。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d005703" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400E95" xml:space="preserve">食<g type="V">忌</g></head> <p xml:id="N400E98"> <s xml:id="N400E9A" xml:space="preserve">凡蠶大眠以後，</s> <s xml:id="N400E9D" xml:space="preserve">徑食濕葉。</s> <s xml:id="N400EA0" xml:space="preserve">雨天摘來者，</s> <s xml:id="N400EA3" xml:space="preserve">任從鋪地加食；</s> <pb facs="X06.01.032B" n="二七b"/> <s xml:id="N400EA8" xml:space="preserve">晴日摘來者，</s> <s xml:id="N400EAB" xml:space="preserve">以水灑濕而飼之，</s> <s xml:id="N400EAE" xml:space="preserve">則絲有光澤。</s> <s xml:id="N400EB1" xml:space="preserve">未大眠時，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400EB4" xml:space="preserve">雨天摘葉用繩懸挂透風簷下，</s> <s xml:id="N400EB7" xml:space="preserve">時振其繩，</s> <s xml:id="N400EBA" xml:space="preserve">待風吹亁。</s> <s xml:id="N400EBD" xml:space="preserve">若<lb/>用手掌拍亁，</s> <s xml:id="N400EC0" xml:space="preserve">則葉焦而不滋潤，</s> <s xml:id="N400EC3" xml:space="preserve">他時絲亦枯色。</s> <s xml:id="N400EC6" xml:space="preserve">凡食葉，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400EC9" xml:space="preserve">眠前必令飽足而眠，</s> <s xml:id="N400ECC" xml:space="preserve">眠起<g type="V">即</g>遲半日上葉無妨也。</s> <s xml:id="N400ECF" xml:space="preserve">霧天<lb/>濕葉甚壞蠶，</s> <s xml:id="N400ED2" xml:space="preserve">其晨有霧，</s> <s xml:id="N400ED5" xml:space="preserve">切勿摘葉。</s> <s xml:id="N400ED8" xml:space="preserve">待霧<g type="V">收</g>時，</s> <s xml:id="N400EDB" xml:space="preserve">或晴或雨，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400EDE" xml:space="preserve">方剪伐也。</s> <s xml:id="N400EE1" xml:space="preserve">露珠水亦待盱亁而後剪摘。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d005808" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400EE6" xml:space="preserve">病症</head> <p xml:id="N400EE9"> <s xml:id="N400EEB" xml:space="preserve">凡蠶卵避受病，</s> <s xml:id="N400EEE" xml:space="preserve">已詳前款。</s> <s xml:id="N400EF1" xml:space="preserve">出後濕熱積壓，</s> <s xml:id="N400EF4" xml:space="preserve">妨憶在人。</s> <s xml:id="N400EF7" xml:space="preserve">初<lb/>眠騰時，</s> <s xml:id="N400EFA" xml:space="preserve">用漆合者不可盖掩逼出炁水。</s> <s xml:id="N400EFD" xml:space="preserve">凡蠶將病，</s> <s xml:id="N400F00" xml:space="preserve">則腦 <pb facs="X06.01.033A" n="二八a"/> 上放光，</s> <s xml:id="N400F06" xml:space="preserve">通身黃色，</s> <s xml:id="N400F09" xml:space="preserve">頭漸大而尾漸小；</s> <s xml:id="N400F0C" xml:space="preserve">倂及眠之時，</s> <s xml:id="N400F0F" xml:space="preserve">游走<lb/>不眠，</s> <s xml:id="N400F12" xml:space="preserve">食葉又不多者，</s> <s xml:id="N400F15" xml:space="preserve">皆病作也。</s> <s xml:id="N400F18" xml:space="preserve">急擇而去之，</s> <s xml:id="N400F1B" xml:space="preserve">勿使敗羣。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400F1E" xml:space="preserve">凡蠶強美者必眠葉靣，</s> <s xml:id="d005878" xml:space="preserve">壓在下者或力弱或性懶，</s> <s xml:id="d005881" xml:space="preserve">作繭<lb/>亦薄。</s> <s xml:id="d005886" xml:space="preserve">其作繭不知<g type="V">收</g>法，</s> <s xml:id="d005892" xml:space="preserve">妄吐絲成濶窩者，</s> <s xml:id="N400F21" xml:space="preserve">乃蠢蠶，</s> <s xml:id="N400F24" xml:space="preserve">非懶<lb/>蠶也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d005905" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400F29" xml:space="preserve">老足</head> <p xml:id="N400F2C"> <s xml:id="N400F2E" xml:space="preserve">凡蠶食葉足候，</s> <s xml:id="N400F31" xml:space="preserve">只爭時刻。</s> <s xml:id="N400F34" xml:space="preserve">自卵出<g type="V">尐</g>多在辰已二時，</s> <s xml:id="N400F37" xml:space="preserve">故<lb/>老足結繭亦多辰已二時。</s> <s xml:id="N400F3A" xml:space="preserve">老足者，</s> <s xml:id="N400F3D" xml:space="preserve">喉下兩颊通明，</s> <s xml:id="N400F40" xml:space="preserve">捉時<lb/>嫩一分則絲少。</s> <s xml:id="N400F43" xml:space="preserve">過老一分，</s> <s xml:id="N400F46" xml:space="preserve">又吐去絲，</s> <s xml:id="N400F49" xml:space="preserve">繭壳必薄。</s> <s xml:id="N400F4C" xml:space="preserve">捉者眼 <pb facs="X06.01.033B" n="二八b"/> 法高，</s> <s xml:id="N400F52" xml:space="preserve">一只不差方妙。</s> <s xml:id="N400F55" xml:space="preserve">黑色蠶不見身中透光。</s> <s xml:id="N400F58" xml:space="preserve">最難捉。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d005969" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400F5D" xml:space="preserve">結繭 山箔<hi rend="small">具图</hi></head> <p xml:id="N400F60"> <s xml:id="N400F62" xml:space="preserve">凡結繭必如<name type="place" xml:id="N400F62-01">嘉</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400F65" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400F65-01">湖</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400F68" xml:space="preserve">方盡其法。</s> <s xml:id="N400F6B" xml:space="preserve">他國不知用火烘，</s> <s xml:id="N400F6E" xml:space="preserve">聽蠶結<lb/>出，</s> <s xml:id="N400F71" xml:space="preserve">甚至叢桿之內，</s> <s xml:id="N400F74" xml:space="preserve">箱匣之中，</s> <s xml:id="N400F77" xml:space="preserve">火不經，</s> <s xml:id="N400F7A" xml:space="preserve">風不透。</s> <s xml:id="N400F7D" xml:space="preserve">故所爲<name type="place" xml:id="N400F7D-01">屯</name>、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400F80" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400F80-01">漳</name>等絹，</s> <s xml:id="N400F83" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400F83-01">豫</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400F86" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400F86-01">蜀</name>等紬，</s> <s xml:id="N400F89" xml:space="preserve">皆易朽爛。</s> <s xml:id="N400F8C" xml:space="preserve">若<name type="place" xml:id="N400F8C-01">嘉</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N400F8F" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400F8F-01">湖</name>產絲成衣，</s> <s xml:id="N400F92" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>入水<lb/>浣濯百餘度，</s> <s xml:id="N400F95" xml:space="preserve">其質尚存。</s> <s xml:id="N400F98" xml:space="preserve">其法析竹編箔，</s> <s xml:id="N400F9B" xml:space="preserve">其下橫架料木<lb/>約六尺高，</s> <s xml:id="N400F9E" xml:space="preserve">地下擺列炭火，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d006074"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N400FA1" xml:space="preserve">炭忌爆炸。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N400FA4" xml:space="preserve">方圓去四五尺<g type="V">即</g>列火<lb/>一盆。</s> <s xml:id="N400FA7" xml:space="preserve">初上山時，</s> <s xml:id="N400FAA" xml:space="preserve">火分兩略輕少，</s> <s xml:id="N400FAD" xml:space="preserve">引他成緒，</s> <s xml:id="N400FB0" xml:space="preserve">蠶戀火意，</s> <s xml:id="N400FB3" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g><lb/>時造繭，</s> <s xml:id="N400FB6" xml:space="preserve">不復緣走。</s> <s xml:id="N400FB9" xml:space="preserve">繭緒既成，</s> <s xml:id="N400FBC" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>每盆加火半斤，</s> <s xml:id="N400FBF" xml:space="preserve">吐出絲 <pb facs="X06.01.034A" n="二九a"/> 來隨<g type="V">即</g>亁燥，</s> <s xml:id="N400FC5" xml:space="preserve">所以經久不壞也。</s> <s xml:id="N400FC8" xml:space="preserve">其繭室不宜樓板遮盖，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400FCB" xml:space="preserve">下欲火而上欲風涼也。</s> <s xml:id="N400FCE" xml:space="preserve">凡火頂上者不以爲種，</s> <s xml:id="N400FD1" xml:space="preserve">取種寧<lb/>用火偏者。</s> <s xml:id="N400FD4" xml:space="preserve">其箔上山用麥稻藁斬齊，</s> <s xml:id="N400FD7" xml:space="preserve">隨手糾捩成山，</s> <s xml:id="N400FDA" xml:space="preserve">頓<lb/>插箔上。</s> <s xml:id="N400FDD" xml:space="preserve">做山之人最宜手健。</s> <s xml:id="N400FE0" xml:space="preserve">箔竹稀疏用短藁略鋪洒，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400FE3" xml:space="preserve">妨蠶跌墜地下與火中也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d006178" type="section"> <head xml:id="N400FE6" xml:space="preserve">取繭</head> <p xml:id="d006183"> <s xml:id="N400FE9" xml:space="preserve">凡繭造三日，</s> <s xml:id="N400FEC" xml:space="preserve">則不箔而取之。</s> <s xml:id="N400FEF" xml:space="preserve">其壳外浮絲一名絲匡者，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400FF2" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N400FF2-01">湖郡</name>老婦賤價買去，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d006200"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N400FF5" xml:space="preserve">每斤百文。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N400FF8" xml:space="preserve">用銅錢附打成線，</s> <s xml:id="N400FFB" xml:space="preserve">織成<name type="place" xml:id="N400FFB-01">湖</name>紬。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N400FFE" xml:space="preserve">去浮之後，</s> <s xml:id="N401001" xml:space="preserve">其繭必用大盤攤開架上，</s> <s xml:id="N401004" xml:space="preserve">以聽治絲、</s> <s xml:id="N401007" xml:space="preserve">擴綿。</s> <s xml:id="N40100A" xml:space="preserve">若 <pb facs="X06.01.034B" n="二九b"/> 用廚箱掩盖，</s> <s xml:id="N401010" xml:space="preserve">則浥欝而絲緒斷絕矣。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d006248" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401015" xml:space="preserve">物害</head> <p xml:id="N401018"> <s xml:id="N40101A" xml:space="preserve">凡害蠶者，</s> <s xml:id="N40101D" xml:space="preserve">有雀、</s> <s xml:id="N401020" xml:space="preserve">鼠、</s> <s xml:id="N401023" xml:space="preserve">蚊三種。</s> <s xml:id="N401026" xml:space="preserve">雀害不及繭，</s> <s xml:id="N401029" xml:space="preserve">蚊害不及早蠶，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40102C" xml:space="preserve">鼠害則與之相終始。</s> <s xml:id="N40102F" xml:space="preserve">防驅之智是不一法，</s> <s xml:id="N401032" xml:space="preserve">唯人所行也。<lb/></s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d006287"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401035" xml:space="preserve">雀屎粘葉，</s> <s xml:id="N401038" xml:space="preserve">蠶食之立刻死爛。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d006306" type="section"> <head xml:id="N40103D" xml:space="preserve">擇繭</head> <p xml:id="N401040"> <s xml:id="N401042" xml:space="preserve">凡取絲必用圓正獨蠶繭，</s> <s xml:id="N401045" xml:space="preserve">則緒不亂。</s> <s xml:id="N401048" xml:space="preserve">若雙繭倂四五蠶<lb/>共爲繭，</s> <s xml:id="N40104B" xml:space="preserve">擇去取綿用。</s> <s xml:id="N40104E" xml:space="preserve">或以爲絲則粗甚。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d006335" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401053" xml:space="preserve">造綿</head> <pb facs="X06.01.035A" n="三十a"/> <p xml:id="N401058"> <s xml:id="N40105A" xml:space="preserve">凡雙繭幷繅絲鍋底零餘，</s> <s xml:id="N40105D" xml:space="preserve">倂出種繭壳，</s> <s xml:id="N401060" xml:space="preserve">皆緒斷亂不可<lb/>爲絲，</s> <s xml:id="N401063" xml:space="preserve">用以取綿。</s> <s xml:id="N401066" xml:space="preserve">用稻灰水煮過，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d006364"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401069" xml:space="preserve">不宜石灰。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40106C" xml:space="preserve">傾入清水盆內。</s> <s xml:id="N40106F" xml:space="preserve">手<lb/>大指去甲淨盡，</s> <s xml:id="N401072" xml:space="preserve">指頭頂開四個，</s> <s xml:id="N401075" xml:space="preserve">四四數足，</s> <s xml:id="N401078" xml:space="preserve">用拳項開又<lb/>四四十六拳數，</s> <s xml:id="N40107B" xml:space="preserve">然後上小竹弓。</s> <s xml:id="N40107E" xml:space="preserve">此《莊子》所謂洴澼絖也。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401081" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N401081-01">湖</name>綿獨白淨清化者，</s> <s xml:id="N401084" xml:space="preserve">總緣手法之妙。</s> <s xml:id="N401087" xml:space="preserve">上弓之時惟取快<lb/>捷，</s> <s xml:id="N40108A" xml:space="preserve">帶水擴開。</s> <s xml:id="N40108D" xml:space="preserve">若稍緩水統去，</s> <s xml:id="N401090" xml:space="preserve">則結塊不盡解，</s> <s xml:id="N401093" xml:space="preserve">而色不純<lb/>白矣。</s> <s xml:id="N401096" xml:space="preserve">其治絲餘者名鍋底綿，</s> <s xml:id="N401099" xml:space="preserve">裝綿衣衾內以御重寒，</s> <s xml:id="N40109C" xml:space="preserve">謂<lb/>之挾纊。</s> <s xml:id="N40109F" xml:space="preserve">凡取綿人工，</s> <s xml:id="N4010A2" xml:space="preserve">難于取絲八倍，</s> <s xml:id="N4010A5" xml:space="preserve">竟日只得四兩餘。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4010A8" xml:space="preserve">用此綿墜打線織<name type="place" xml:id="N4010A8-01">湖</name>綢者，</s> <s xml:id="N4010AB" xml:space="preserve">價頗重。</s> <s xml:id="N4010AE" xml:space="preserve">以綿線登花機者名 <pb facs="X06.01.035B" n="三十b"/> 曰花綿，</s> <s xml:id="N4010B4" xml:space="preserve">價尤重。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d006475" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4010B9" xml:space="preserve">治絲 繅車<hi rend="small">具圖</hi></head> <p xml:id="N4010BC"> <s xml:id="N4010BE" xml:space="preserve">凡治絲先制絲車，</s> <s xml:id="N4010C1" xml:space="preserve">其尺寸器具開載後圖。</s> <s xml:id="N4010C4" xml:space="preserve">鍋煎極沸湯，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4010C7" xml:space="preserve">絲粗細視投繭多寡，</s> <s xml:id="N4010CA" xml:space="preserve">窮日這力一人可取三十兩。</s> <s xml:id="N4010CD" xml:space="preserve">若包<lb/>頭絲，</s> <s xml:id="N4010D0" xml:space="preserve">則只取二十兩，</s> <s xml:id="N4010D3" xml:space="preserve">以其苗長也。</s> <s xml:id="N4010D6" xml:space="preserve">凡綾羅絲，</s> <s xml:id="N4010D9" xml:space="preserve">一起投繭<lb/>二十牧，</s> <s xml:id="N4010DC" xml:space="preserve">包頭絲只投十餘牧。</s> <s xml:id="N4010DF" xml:space="preserve">凡繭滾沸時，</s> <s xml:id="N4010E2" xml:space="preserve">以竹簽撥動<lb/>水靣，</s> <s xml:id="N4010E5" xml:space="preserve">絲緒自見。</s> <s xml:id="N4010E8" xml:space="preserve">提緒入手，</s> <s xml:id="N4010EB" xml:space="preserve">引入竹針眼，</s> <s xml:id="N4010EE" xml:space="preserve">先繞星丁頭，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d006547"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4010F1" xml:space="preserve">以竹<lb/>棍做成，</s> <s xml:id="N4010F4" xml:space="preserve">如香筒樣。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4010F7" xml:space="preserve">然後由送絲干勾掛，</s> <s xml:id="N4010FA" xml:space="preserve">以登大關車。</s> <s xml:id="N4010FD" xml:space="preserve">斷絕之時，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401100" xml:space="preserve">尋緒丟上，</s> <s xml:id="N401103" xml:space="preserve">不必繞接。</s> <s xml:id="N401106" xml:space="preserve">其絲排勻不堆積者，</s> <s xml:id="N401109" xml:space="preserve">全在送絲干 <pb facs="X06.01.036A" n="三一a"/> 與磨木之上。</s> <s xml:id="N40110F" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40110F-01">川</name>蜀絲車制稍異，</s> <s xml:id="N401112" xml:space="preserve">其法架橫鍋上，</s> <s xml:id="N401115" xml:space="preserve">引四五<lb/>緒而上，</s> <s xml:id="N401118" xml:space="preserve">兩人對尋鍋中緒，</s> <s xml:id="N40111B" xml:space="preserve">然終不若<name type="place" xml:id="N40111B-01">湖</name>制之盡善也。</s> <s xml:id="N40111E" xml:space="preserve">凡<lb/>供治絲薪，</s> <s xml:id="N401121" xml:space="preserve">取極燥無烟濕者，</s> <s xml:id="N401124" xml:space="preserve">則寶色不損。</s> <s xml:id="N401127" xml:space="preserve">絲美之法有<lb/>六字：</s> <s xml:id="N40112A" xml:space="preserve">一曰“出口亁”，</s> <s xml:id="N40112D" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>結繭時用炭火烘。</s> <s xml:id="N401130" xml:space="preserve">一曰“出水亁”，</s> <s xml:id="N401133" xml:space="preserve">則<lb/>治絲登車時，</s> <s xml:id="N401136" xml:space="preserve">用炭火四五兩盆盛，</s> <s xml:id="N401139" xml:space="preserve">去車關五寸許。</s> <s xml:id="N40113C" xml:space="preserve">運轉<lb/>如風時，</s> <s xml:id="N40113F" xml:space="preserve">轉轉火意照亁，</s> <s xml:id="N401142" xml:space="preserve">是曰出水亁也。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d006667"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401145" xml:space="preserve">若晴光又風色，</s> <s xml:id="N401148" xml:space="preserve">則不用火。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d006686" type="section"> <head xml:id="N40114D" xml:space="preserve">調絲</head> <p xml:id="N401150"> <s xml:id="N401152" xml:space="preserve">凡絲議織時，</s> <s xml:id="N401155" xml:space="preserve">最先用調。</s> <s xml:id="N401158" xml:space="preserve">透光簷端宇下以木架鋪地，</s> <s xml:id="N40115B" xml:space="preserve">植<lb/>竹四根于上，</s> <s xml:id="N40115E" xml:space="preserve">名曰絡篤。</s> <s xml:id="N401161" xml:space="preserve">絲匡竹上，</s> <s xml:id="N401164" xml:space="preserve">其傍倚柱高八尺處，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.036B" n="三一b"/> <s xml:id="N401169" xml:space="preserve">釘具斜安小竹偃月挂鈎，</s> <s xml:id="N40116C" xml:space="preserve">懸拾絲于鈎內，</s> <s xml:id="N40116F" xml:space="preserve">手中執矍旋<lb/>纏，</s> <s xml:id="N401172" xml:space="preserve">以俟牽經織緯之用。</s> <s xml:id="N401175" xml:space="preserve">小竹墜石爲活頭，</s> <s xml:id="N401178" xml:space="preserve">接斷之時，</s> <s xml:id="N40117B" xml:space="preserve">扳<lb/>之<g type="V">即</g>下。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d006752" type="section"> <head xml:id="N40117E" xml:space="preserve">緯絡 紡車<hi rend="small">具圖</hi></head> <p xml:id="d006759"> <s xml:id="N401181" xml:space="preserve">凡絲既矍之後，</s> <s xml:id="N401184" xml:space="preserve">以就經緯。</s> <s xml:id="N401187" xml:space="preserve">經質用少而緯質用多。</s> <s xml:id="N40118A" xml:space="preserve">每絲<lb/>十兩，</s> <s xml:id="N40118D" xml:space="preserve">經四緯六，</s> <s xml:id="N401190" xml:space="preserve">此大略也。</s> <s xml:id="N401193" xml:space="preserve">凡供緯矍，</s> <s xml:id="N401196" xml:space="preserve">以水沃濕絲，</s> <s xml:id="N401199" xml:space="preserve">搖車<lb/>轉鋌而紡于竹管之上。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d006793"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40119C" xml:space="preserve">竹用小箭竹。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d006809" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4011A1" xml:space="preserve">經具 溜眼 掌扇 經耙 印架<hi rend="small">皆有圖</hi></head> <p xml:id="N4011A4"> <s xml:id="N4011A6" xml:space="preserve">凡絲既矍之後，</s> <s xml:id="N4011A9" xml:space="preserve">牽經就織。</s> <s xml:id="N4011AC" xml:space="preserve">以直竹竿穿眼三十餘，</s> <s xml:id="N4011AF" xml:space="preserve">透過 <pb facs="X06.01.037A" n="三二a"/> 篾圈，</s> <s xml:id="N4011B5" xml:space="preserve">名曰溜眼，</s> <s xml:id="N4011B8" xml:space="preserve">竿橫架柱上，</s> <s xml:id="N4011BB" xml:space="preserve">絲從圈透過掌扇，</s> <s xml:id="N4011BE" xml:space="preserve">然後纏<lb/>繞經耙之上。</s> <s xml:id="N4011C1" xml:space="preserve">度數既足，</s> <s xml:id="N4011C4" xml:space="preserve">將印架捆卷。</s> <s xml:id="N4011C7" xml:space="preserve">既捆，</s> <s xml:id="N4011CA" xml:space="preserve">中以交竹二<lb/>度，</s> <s xml:id="N4011CD" xml:space="preserve">一上一下間絲，</s> <s xml:id="N4011D0" xml:space="preserve">然後及于筘內。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d006870"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4011D3" xml:space="preserve">此筘非織筘。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4011D6" xml:space="preserve">及筘之後，</s> <s xml:id="N4011D9" xml:space="preserve">以<lb/>的杠與印架相望，</s> <s xml:id="N4011DC" xml:space="preserve">登開五七丈。</s> <s xml:id="N4011DF" xml:space="preserve">或過糊者，</s> <s xml:id="N4011E2" xml:space="preserve">就此過糊。</s> <s xml:id="N4011E5" xml:space="preserve">或<lb/>不過糊，</s> <s xml:id="N4011E8" xml:space="preserve">就此卷子的杠，</s> <s xml:id="N4011EB" xml:space="preserve">穿綜就織。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d006915" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4011F0" xml:space="preserve">過糊</head> <p xml:id="N4011F3"> <s xml:id="N4011F5" xml:space="preserve">凡糊里<g type="V">麵</g><g type="R">觔</g>內小粉爲質。</s> <s xml:id="N4011F8" xml:space="preserve">紗羅所必用，</s> <s xml:id="N4011FB" xml:space="preserve">綾綢或用或不<lb/>用。</s> <s xml:id="N4011FE" xml:space="preserve">其染紗不存素質者，</s> <s xml:id="N401201" xml:space="preserve">用牛膠水爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N401204" xml:space="preserve">名曰清膠紗。</s> <s xml:id="N401207" xml:space="preserve">糊<lb/>漿承于簆上，</s> <s xml:id="N40120A" xml:space="preserve">推移染透，</s> <s xml:id="N40120D" xml:space="preserve">推移就亁。</s> <s xml:id="N401210" xml:space="preserve">天氣晴明，</s> <s xml:id="N401213" xml:space="preserve">頃刻而燥，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.037B" n="三二b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.037B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.037B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.038A" n="三三a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.038A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.038A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.038B" n="三三b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.038B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.038B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.039A" n="三四a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.039A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.039A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.039B" n="三四b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.039B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.039B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.040A" n="三五a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.040A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.040A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.040B" n="三五b"/> <s xml:id="N401216" xml:space="preserve">隂天必藉風力之吹也。</s> </p> <floatingText> <body> <div type="float" xml:id="d007000"> <figure xml:id="d007002" corresp="fig-X06.01.037B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.037B-01"/> <head xml:id="d007007" xml:space="preserve">山箔圖</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d007011" corresp="fig-X06.01.038A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.038A-01"/> <head xml:id="d007016" xml:space="preserve">治絲圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007019" xml:space="preserve">送絲干</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007022" xml:space="preserve">不</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d007026" corresp="fig-X06.01.038B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.038B-01"/> <head xml:id="d007031" xml:space="preserve">調絲</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007034" xml:space="preserve">活套</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007037" xml:space="preserve">綌篤</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d007041" corresp="fig-X06.01.039A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.039A-01"/> <head xml:id="d007046" xml:space="preserve">紡緯</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d007050" corresp="fig-X06.01.039B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.039B-01"/> <head xml:id="d007055" xml:space="preserve">溜眼</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007058" xml:space="preserve">掌扇</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d007063" corresp="fig-X06.01.040A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.040A-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007068" xml:space="preserve">經耙</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007071" xml:space="preserve">交頭</ab> </figure> </div> </body> </floatingText> </div> <div xml:id="d007078" type="section"> <head xml:id="N40121D" xml:space="preserve">邊維</head> <p xml:id="N401220"> <s xml:id="N401222" xml:space="preserve">凡帛不論綾羅，</s> <s xml:id="N401225" xml:space="preserve">皆別牽邊，</s> <s xml:id="N401228" xml:space="preserve">兩帝各二十餘縷。</s> <s xml:id="N40122B" xml:space="preserve">邊縷必過<lb/>糊，</s> <s xml:id="N40122E" xml:space="preserve">用筘推移梳乾。</s> <s xml:id="N401231" xml:space="preserve">凡綾羅必三十丈、</s> <s xml:id="N401234" xml:space="preserve">五六十丈一穿，</s> <s xml:id="N401237" xml:space="preserve">以<lb/>省穿接繁苦。</s> <s xml:id="N40123A" xml:space="preserve">每匹應截畫黑于邊絲之上，</s> <s xml:id="N40123D" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>知其丈尺<lb/>之足。</s> <s xml:id="N401240" xml:space="preserve">邊絲不登的杠，</s> <s xml:id="N401243" xml:space="preserve">別線機梁之上。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d007135" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401248" xml:space="preserve">經數</head> <p xml:id="N40124B"> <s xml:id="N40124D" xml:space="preserve">凡織帛，</s> <s xml:id="N401250" xml:space="preserve">羅紗筘以八百齒爲率，</s> <s xml:id="N401253" xml:space="preserve">綾絹筘以一千二百齒<lb/>爲率。</s> <s xml:id="N401256" xml:space="preserve">每筘齒中度經過糊者，</s> <s xml:id="N401259" xml:space="preserve">四縷合爲二縷，</s> <s xml:id="N40125C" xml:space="preserve">羅紗經計 <pb facs="X06.01.041A" n="三六a"/> 三千二百縷，</s> <s xml:id="N401262" xml:space="preserve">綾。</s> <s xml:id="N401265" xml:space="preserve">綢經計五千六千縷。</s> <s xml:id="N401268" xml:space="preserve">古書八十縷爲一<lb/>升，</s> <s xml:id="N40126B" xml:space="preserve">今綾絹厚者，</s> <s xml:id="N40126E" xml:space="preserve">古所謂六十升布也。</s> <s xml:id="N401271" xml:space="preserve">凡織花文必用<name type="place" xml:id="N401271-01">嘉</name>、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401274" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N401274-01">湖</name>出口、</s> <s xml:id="N401277" xml:space="preserve">出水皆乾絲爲經，</s> <s xml:id="N40127A" xml:space="preserve">則任從提挈，</s> <s xml:id="N40127D" xml:space="preserve">不憂斷接。</s> <s xml:id="N401280" xml:space="preserve">他省<lb/>者<g type="V">即</g>勉強提花，</s> <s xml:id="N401283" xml:space="preserve">潦草而已。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d007220" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401288" xml:space="preserve">機式<hi rend="small">具全圖</hi></head> <p xml:id="N40128B"> <s xml:id="N40128D" xml:space="preserve">凡花機通身度長一丈六尺，</s> <s xml:id="N401290" xml:space="preserve">隆起花樓，</s> <s xml:id="N401293" xml:space="preserve">中托衢盤，</s> <s xml:id="N401296" xml:space="preserve">下垂<lb/>衢腳。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d007245"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401299" xml:space="preserve">水磨竹棍爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N40129C" xml:space="preserve">計一千八百根。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40129F" xml:space="preserve">對花樓下掘坑二尺許，</s> <s xml:id="N4012A2" xml:space="preserve">以藏衢腳。<lb/></s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d007269"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4012A5" xml:space="preserve">地氣濕者，</s> <s xml:id="N4012A8" xml:space="preserve">架棚二盡代之。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4012AB" xml:space="preserve">提花小廝坐立花樓架本上。</s> <s xml:id="N4012AE" xml:space="preserve">機末以的杠<lb/>卷絲，</s> <s xml:id="N4012B1" xml:space="preserve">中用疊助木兩枝，</s> <s xml:id="N4012B4" xml:space="preserve">直穿二木，</s> <s xml:id="N4012B7" xml:space="preserve">約四尺長，</s> <s xml:id="N4012BA" xml:space="preserve">其尖插于 <pb facs="X06.01.041B" n="三六b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.041B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.041B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.042A" n="三七a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.042A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.042A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.042B" n="三七b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.042B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.042B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.043A" n="三八a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.043A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.043A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.043B" n="三八b"/> 筘兩頭。</s> <s xml:id="N4012C0" xml:space="preserve">疊助，</s> <s xml:id="N4012C3" xml:space="preserve">織紗羅者，</s> <s xml:id="N4012C6" xml:space="preserve">視織綾絹者減輕十餘<g type="R">觔</g>方妙。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4012C9" xml:space="preserve">其素羅不起花紋，</s> <s xml:id="N4012CC" xml:space="preserve">與軟紗綾絹踏成浪梅小花者，</s> <s xml:id="N4012CF" xml:space="preserve">視素<lb/>羅只加桄二扇。</s> <s xml:id="N4012D2" xml:space="preserve">一人踏織自成，</s> <s xml:id="N4012D5" xml:space="preserve">不用提花之人，</s> <s xml:id="N4012D8" xml:space="preserve">閒住花<lb/>樓，</s> <s xml:id="N4012DB" xml:space="preserve">亦不設衢盤與衢腳也。</s> <s xml:id="N4012DE" xml:space="preserve">其機式兩接，</s> <s xml:id="N4012E1" xml:space="preserve">前一接平安，</s> <s xml:id="N4012E4" xml:space="preserve">自<lb/>花樓向身一接斜倚低下尺許，</s> <s xml:id="N4012E7" xml:space="preserve">則疊助力雄。</s> <s xml:id="N4012EA" xml:space="preserve">若織包頭<lb/>細軟，</s> <s xml:id="N4012ED" xml:space="preserve">則另爲均平不斜之機。</s> <s xml:id="N4012F0" xml:space="preserve">坐處斗二腳，</s> <s xml:id="N4012F3" xml:space="preserve">以其絲微細，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4012F6" xml:space="preserve">防遏疊助之力也。</s> </p> <floatingText> <body> <div type="float" xml:id="d007400"> <figure xml:id="d007402" corresp="fig-X06.01.041B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.041B-01"/> <head xml:id="d007407" xml:space="preserve">花機圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007410" xml:space="preserve">花樓</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007413" xml:space="preserve">老鴉翅</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007416" xml:space="preserve">铁鈴</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007420" xml:space="preserve">澁木</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007423" xml:space="preserve">門樓</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007426" xml:space="preserve">忂盤</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007429" xml:space="preserve">包頭機此處<lb/>不低鈄下安<lb/>两脚</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007436" xml:space="preserve">坑 坑</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007439" xml:space="preserve">忂脚</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d007443" corresp="fig-X06.01.042A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.042A-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007448" xml:space="preserve">的杠</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007451" xml:space="preserve">叠助</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007454" xml:space="preserve">稱庄</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007457" xml:space="preserve">眼牛木</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d007461" corresp="fig-X06.01.042B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.042B-01"/> <head xml:id="d007466" xml:space="preserve">腰機式圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d007469" xml:space="preserve">皮幅</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d007473" corresp="fig-X06.01.043A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.043A-01"/> <head xml:id="d007478" xml:space="preserve">印架 過糊</head> </figure> </div> </body> </floatingText> </div> <div xml:id="d007484" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4012FB" xml:space="preserve">腰機式<hi rend="small">具图</hi></head> <p xml:id="N4012FE"> <s xml:id="N401300" xml:space="preserve">凡織<name type="place" xml:id="N401300-01">杭</name>西、</s> <s xml:id="N401303" xml:space="preserve">羅地等絹，</s> <s xml:id="N401306" xml:space="preserve">輕素等綢，</s> <s xml:id="N401309" xml:space="preserve">銀條、</s> <s xml:id="N40130C" xml:space="preserve">巾帽等紗，</s> <s xml:id="N40130F" xml:space="preserve">不必用 <pb facs="X06.01.044A" n="三九a"/> 花機，</s> <s xml:id="N401315" xml:space="preserve">只用小機。</s> <s xml:id="N401318" xml:space="preserve">織匠以熟皮一方置坐下，</s> <s xml:id="N40131B" xml:space="preserve">其力全在腰<lb/>尻之上，</s> <s xml:id="N40131E" xml:space="preserve">故名腰機。</s> <s xml:id="N401321" xml:space="preserve">普天織葛、</s> <s xml:id="N401324" xml:space="preserve">苧、</s> <s xml:id="N401327" xml:space="preserve">棉布者，</s> <s xml:id="N40132A" xml:space="preserve">用此機法，</s> <s xml:id="N40132D" xml:space="preserve">布帛<lb/>更整齊堅澤，</s> <s xml:id="N401330" xml:space="preserve">惜今傳之猶未廣也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d007556" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401335" xml:space="preserve">花本</head> <p xml:id="N401338"> <s xml:id="N40133A" xml:space="preserve">凡工匠結花本者，</s> <s xml:id="N40133D" xml:space="preserve">心計最精巧。</s> <s xml:id="N401340" xml:space="preserve">畫師先畫何等花色于<lb/>紙上，</s> <s xml:id="N401343" xml:space="preserve">結本者以絲線隨畫量度，</s> <s xml:id="N401346" xml:space="preserve">算計分寸杪忽而結成<lb/>之。</s> <s xml:id="N401349" xml:space="preserve">張懸花樓之上，</s> <s xml:id="N40134C" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>織者不知成何花色，</s> <s xml:id="N40134F" xml:space="preserve">穿綜帶經，</s> <s xml:id="N401352" xml:space="preserve">隨<lb/>其尺寸度數提起衢腳，</s> <s xml:id="N401355" xml:space="preserve">梭過之後居然花現。</s> <s xml:id="N401358" xml:space="preserve">盖綾絹以<lb/>浮輕而見花，</s> <s xml:id="N40135B" xml:space="preserve">紗羅以糾緯而見花。</s> <s xml:id="N40135E" xml:space="preserve">綾絹一梭一提，</s> <s xml:id="N401361" xml:space="preserve">紗羅 <pb facs="X06.01.044B" n="三九b"/> 來梭提，</s> <s xml:id="N401367" xml:space="preserve">往梭不提。</s> <s xml:id="N40136A" xml:space="preserve">天孫機杼，</s> <s xml:id="N40136D" xml:space="preserve">人巧備矣。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d007632" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401370" xml:space="preserve">穿經</head> <p xml:id="d007637"> <s xml:id="N401373" xml:space="preserve">凡絲穿綜度經，</s> <s xml:id="N401376" xml:space="preserve">必用四人列坐。</s> <s xml:id="N401379" xml:space="preserve">過筘之人，</s> <s xml:id="N40137C" xml:space="preserve">手執筘耙先<lb/>插以待絲至。</s> <s xml:id="N40137F" xml:space="preserve">絲過筘則兩指執定，</s> <s xml:id="N401382" xml:space="preserve">足五七十筘，</s> <s xml:id="N401385" xml:space="preserve">則絛結<lb/>之。</s> <s xml:id="N401388" xml:space="preserve">不亂之妙，</s> <s xml:id="N40138B" xml:space="preserve">消息全在交竹。</s> <s xml:id="N40138E" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>接斷，</s> <s xml:id="N401391" xml:space="preserve">就絲一扯<g type="V">即</g>長數<lb/>寸。</s> <s xml:id="N401394" xml:space="preserve">打結之後，</s> <s xml:id="N401397" xml:space="preserve">依還原度，</s> <s xml:id="N40139A" xml:space="preserve">此絲本質自具之妙也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d007697" type="section"> <head xml:id="N40139D" xml:space="preserve">分名</head> <p xml:id="d007702"> <s xml:id="N4013A0" xml:space="preserve">凡羅，</s> <s xml:id="N4013A3" xml:space="preserve">中空小路以透風涼，</s> <s xml:id="N4013A6" xml:space="preserve">其消息全在軟綜之中。</s> <s xml:id="N4013A9" xml:space="preserve">衮頭<lb/>兩扇打綜，</s> <s xml:id="N4013AC" xml:space="preserve">一軟在硬。</s> <s xml:id="N4013AF" xml:space="preserve">凡五梭三梭</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d007727"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d007732" xml:space="preserve">最厚者七梭</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d007743" xml:space="preserve">之後，</s> <s xml:id="N4013B2" xml:space="preserve">踏起軟 <pb facs="X06.01.045A" n="四十a"/> 綜，</s> <s xml:id="N4013B8" xml:space="preserve">自然糾轉諸經，</s> <s xml:id="N4013BB" xml:space="preserve">空路不粘。</s> <s xml:id="N4013BE" xml:space="preserve">若平過不空路而仍稀者<lb/>曰紗，</s> <s xml:id="N4013C1" xml:space="preserve">消息亦在兩扇衮頭之上。</s> <s xml:id="N4013C4" xml:space="preserve">直至織花綾綢，</s> <s xml:id="N4013C7" xml:space="preserve">則去此<lb/>兩扇，</s> <s xml:id="N4013CA" xml:space="preserve">而用桄綜八扇。</s> <s xml:id="N4013CD" xml:space="preserve">凡左右手各用一梭交互織者，</s> <s xml:id="N4013D0" xml:space="preserve">曰<lb/>縐紗。</s> <s xml:id="N4013D3" xml:space="preserve">凡單經曰羅地，</s> <s xml:id="N4013D6" xml:space="preserve">雙經曰絹地，</s> <s xml:id="N4013D9" xml:space="preserve">五經曰綾地。</s> <s xml:id="N4013DC" xml:space="preserve">凡花分<lb/>實地與綾地，</s> <s xml:id="N4013DF" xml:space="preserve">綾地者光，</s> <s xml:id="N4013E2" xml:space="preserve">實地者暗。</s> <s xml:id="N4013E5" xml:space="preserve">先染絲而後織者曰<lb/>緞。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d007812"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4013E8" xml:space="preserve">北土屯絹，</s> <s xml:id="N4013EB" xml:space="preserve">亦先染絲。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4013EE" xml:space="preserve">就絲綢機上織時，</s> <s xml:id="N4013F1" xml:space="preserve">兩梭輕，</s> <s xml:id="N4013F4" xml:space="preserve">一梭重，</s> <s xml:id="N4013F7" xml:space="preserve">空出稀<lb/>路者，</s> <s xml:id="N4013FA" xml:space="preserve">名曰秋羅，</s> <s xml:id="N4013FD" xml:space="preserve">此法亦起近代。</s> <s xml:id="N401400" xml:space="preserve">凡<name type="place" xml:id="N401400-01">吳</name><name type="place" xml:id="N401400-02">越</name>秋羅，</s> <s xml:id="N401403" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N401403-02">閩</name><name type="place" xml:id="N401403-01">廣</name>懷素，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401406" xml:space="preserve">皆利晉紳當暑服，</s> <s xml:id="N401409" xml:space="preserve">屯絹則爲外官、</s> <s xml:id="N40140C" xml:space="preserve">卑官遜別錦鏽用也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d007877" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401411" xml:space="preserve">熟練</head> <pb facs="X06.01.045B" n="四十b"/> <p xml:id="N401416"> <s xml:id="N401418" xml:space="preserve">凡帛織就猶是生絲，</s> <s xml:id="N40141B" xml:space="preserve">煮練方熟。</s> <s xml:id="N40141E" xml:space="preserve">練用稻藁灰入水煮。</s> <s xml:id="N401421" xml:space="preserve">以<lb/>豬胰脂陳突一晚，</s> <s xml:id="N401424" xml:space="preserve">入湯浣之，</s> <s xml:id="N401427" xml:space="preserve">寶色燁然。</s> <s xml:id="N40142A" xml:space="preserve">或用烏梅者，</s> <s xml:id="N40142D" xml:space="preserve">寶<lb/>色略減。</s> <s xml:id="N401430" xml:space="preserve">凡早絲爲經、</s> <s xml:id="N401433" xml:space="preserve">晚絲爲緯者，</s> <s xml:id="N401436" xml:space="preserve">練熟之時每十兩輕<lb/>去三兩。</s> <s xml:id="N401439" xml:space="preserve">經緯皆美好早絲，</s> <s xml:id="N40143C" xml:space="preserve">輕化只二兩。</s> <s xml:id="N40143F" xml:space="preserve">練後日乾張急，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401442" xml:space="preserve">以大蚌壳磨使<g type="V">乖</g>鈍，</s> <s xml:id="N401445" xml:space="preserve">通身極力刮過，</s> <s xml:id="N401448" xml:space="preserve">以成寶色。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d007953" type="section"> <head xml:id="N40144D" xml:space="preserve">龍袍</head> <p xml:id="N401450"> <s xml:id="N401452" xml:space="preserve">凡上供龍袍，</s> <s xml:id="N401455" xml:space="preserve">我朝局在<name type="place" xml:id="N401455-01">蘇</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N401458" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N401458-01">杭</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N40145B" xml:space="preserve">其花樓高一丈五尺，</s> <s xml:id="N40145E" xml:space="preserve">能手<lb/>兩人扳提花本，</s> <s xml:id="N401461" xml:space="preserve">織過數寸<g type="V">即</g>換龍形。</s> <s xml:id="N401464" xml:space="preserve">各房斗合，</s> <s xml:id="N401467" xml:space="preserve">不出一<lb/>手。</s> <s xml:id="N40146A" xml:space="preserve">赭黃亦先染絲，</s> <s xml:id="N40146D" xml:space="preserve">工器原無殊異，</s> <s xml:id="N401470" xml:space="preserve">但人工慎重與資本 <pb facs="X06.01.046A" n="四一a"/> 皆數十倍，</s> <s xml:id="N401476" xml:space="preserve">以效忠敬之誼。</s> <s xml:id="N401479" xml:space="preserve">其中節目微細，</s> <s xml:id="N40147C" xml:space="preserve">不可得而詳<lb/>攷云。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d008024" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401481" xml:space="preserve">倭緞</head> <p xml:id="N401484"> <s xml:id="N401486" xml:space="preserve">凡倭緞制起<name type="place" xml:id="N401486-01">東夷</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N401489" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N401489-01">漳</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40148C" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40148C-01">泉</name>海濱效法爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N40148F" xml:space="preserve">絲質來自<name type="place" xml:id="N40148F-01">川</name><name type="place" xml:id="N40148F-02">蜀</name>，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401492" xml:space="preserve">商人萬里販來，</s> <s xml:id="N401495" xml:space="preserve">以易胡椒歸里。</s> <s xml:id="N401498" xml:space="preserve">其織法亦自夷國傳來。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40149B" xml:space="preserve">盖質已先染，</s> <s xml:id="N40149E" xml:space="preserve">而斮綿夾藏經靣，</s> <s xml:id="N4014A1" xml:space="preserve">織過數寸<g type="V">即</g>刮成黑光。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4014A4" xml:space="preserve">北虜互市者見而悅之。</s> <s xml:id="N4014A7" xml:space="preserve">但其帛最易配污，</s> <s xml:id="N4014AA" xml:space="preserve">冠弁之上頃<lb/>刻集灰，</s> <s xml:id="N4014AD" xml:space="preserve">依領之間移日損壞。</s> <s xml:id="N4014B0" xml:space="preserve">今華夷皆賤之，</s> <s xml:id="N4014B3" xml:space="preserve">將來爲棄<lb/>物，</s> <s xml:id="N4014B6" xml:space="preserve">織法可不傳云。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.046B" n="四一b"/> </div> <div xml:id="d008112" type="section"> <head xml:id="d008114" xml:space="preserve">布衣 赶 彈 紡<hi rend="small">具圖</hi></head> <p xml:id="d008119"> <s xml:id="N4014BB" xml:space="preserve">凡棉布禦寒，</s> <s xml:id="N4014BE" xml:space="preserve">貴賤同之。</s> <s xml:id="N4014C1" xml:space="preserve">棉花古書名枲麻，</s> <s xml:id="N4014C4" xml:space="preserve">種遍天下。</s> <s xml:id="N4014C7" xml:space="preserve">種<lb/>有木棉、</s> <s xml:id="N4014CA" xml:space="preserve">草棉兩者，</s> <s xml:id="N4014CD" xml:space="preserve">花有白、</s> <s xml:id="N4014D0" xml:space="preserve">紫二色。</s> <s xml:id="N4014D3" xml:space="preserve">種者白居十九，</s> <s xml:id="N4014D6" xml:space="preserve">紫居<lb/>十一。</s> <s xml:id="N4014D9" xml:space="preserve">凡棉春種秋花，</s> <s xml:id="N4014DC" xml:space="preserve">花先綻者逐日摘取，</s> <s xml:id="N4014DF" xml:space="preserve">取不一時。</s> <s xml:id="N4014E2" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>花粘子于腹，</s> <s xml:id="N4014E5" xml:space="preserve">登赶車而分之。</s> <s xml:id="N4014E8" xml:space="preserve">去子取花，</s> <s xml:id="N4014EB" xml:space="preserve">懸弓弱化。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d008181"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4014EE" xml:space="preserve">爲挾纊漫<lb/>衾襖者，</s> <s xml:id="N4014F1" xml:space="preserve">就此止功。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4014F4" xml:space="preserve">彈後以木板擦成長條以登紡車，</s> <s xml:id="N4014F7" xml:space="preserve">引緒糾成<lb/>紗縷。</s> <s xml:id="N4014FA" xml:space="preserve">然後繞矍牽經就織。</s> <s xml:id="N4014FD" xml:space="preserve">凡紡工能者一手握三管紡<lb/>于鋌上。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d008218"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401500" xml:space="preserve">捷則不堅。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N401503" xml:space="preserve">凡棉布寸土皆有，</s> <s xml:id="N401506" xml:space="preserve">而織造尚<name type="place" xml:id="N401506-01">松江</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N401509" xml:space="preserve">漿染尚<lb/><name type="place" xml:id="N401509-01">蕪湖</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N40150C" xml:space="preserve">凡布縷緊則堅，</s> <s xml:id="N40150F" xml:space="preserve">緩則脆。</s> <s xml:id="N401512" xml:space="preserve">碾石取<name type="place" xml:id="N401512-01">江北</name>性冷質膩者，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.047A" n="四二a"/> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d008264"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401517" xml:space="preserve">每塊佳者值十餘金。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40151A" xml:space="preserve">石不民燒，</s> <s xml:id="N40151D" xml:space="preserve">則縷緊不松泛。</s> <s xml:id="N401520" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N401520-01">鞠湖</name>巨店首尚佳<lb/>石。</s> <s xml:id="N401523" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N401523-01">廣南</name>爲布藪而偏取遠產，</s> <s xml:id="N401526" xml:space="preserve">必有所試矣。</s> <s xml:id="N401529" xml:space="preserve">爲衣敝浣，</s> <s xml:id="N40152C" xml:space="preserve">猶<lb/>尚寒砧搗聲，</s> <s xml:id="N40152F" xml:space="preserve">其義亦猶是也。</s> <s xml:id="N401532" xml:space="preserve">外國<name type="place" xml:id="N401532-01">朝鮮</name>造法相同，</s> <s xml:id="N401535" xml:space="preserve">惟<name type="place" xml:id="N401535-01">西<lb/>洋</name>則未核其質，</s> <s xml:id="N401538" xml:space="preserve">併不得其機織之妙。</s> <s xml:id="N40153B" xml:space="preserve">凡織布有雲花、</s> <s xml:id="N40153E" xml:space="preserve">斜<lb/>文、</s> <s xml:id="N401541" xml:space="preserve">象眼等，</s> <s xml:id="N401544" xml:space="preserve">皆仿花機而生義。</s> <s xml:id="N401547" xml:space="preserve">然既曰布衣，</s> <s xml:id="N40154A" xml:space="preserve">太素足矣。</s> <s xml:id="N40154D" xml:space="preserve">織<lb/>機十室必有，</s> <s xml:id="N401550" xml:space="preserve">不必具圖。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.047B" n="四二b"/> <figure xml:id="d008361"> <graphic url="X06.01.047B-01"/> <head xml:id="d008366" xml:space="preserve">赶棉</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d008369" xml:space="preserve">火烘</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.048A" n="四三a"/> <figure xml:id="d008376"> <graphic url="X06.01.048A-01"/> <head xml:id="d008381" xml:space="preserve">彈棉</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.048B" n="四三b"/> <figure xml:id="d008387"> <graphic url="X06.01.048B-01"/> <head xml:id="d008392" xml:space="preserve">檫條</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.049A" n="四四a"/> <figure xml:id="d008398"> <graphic url="X06.01.049A-01"/> <head xml:id="d008403" xml:space="preserve">紡縷</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.049B" n="四四b"/> </div> <div xml:id="d008410" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401557" xml:space="preserve">枲著</head> <p xml:id="N40155A"> <s xml:id="N40155C" xml:space="preserve">凡衣衾挾纊御寒，</s> <s xml:id="N40155F" xml:space="preserve">百人之中止一人用繭綿，</s> <s xml:id="N401562" xml:space="preserve">餘皆枲著。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401565" xml:space="preserve">古纏袍今欲名胖襖。</s> <s xml:id="N401568" xml:space="preserve">棉花既彈化，</s> <s xml:id="N40156B" xml:space="preserve">相衣衾格式而入裝<lb/>之。</s> <s xml:id="N40156E" xml:space="preserve">新裝者附體輕暖，</s> <s xml:id="N401571" xml:space="preserve">經年板緊，</s> <s xml:id="N401574" xml:space="preserve">暖氣漸無，</s> <s xml:id="N401577" xml:space="preserve">取出彈化而<lb/>重裝之，</s> <s xml:id="N40157A" xml:space="preserve">其暖如故。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d008461" type="section"> <head xml:id="N40157F" xml:space="preserve">夏服</head> <p xml:id="N401582"> <s xml:id="N401584" xml:space="preserve">凡苧麻無土不生。</s> <s xml:id="N401587" xml:space="preserve">其種植有撒子、</s> <s xml:id="N40158A" xml:space="preserve">分頭兩法。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d008479"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40158D" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40158D-01">池郡</name>每歲以草糞壓<lb/>頭，</s> <s xml:id="N401590" xml:space="preserve">其根隨土而高。</s> <s xml:id="N401593" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N401593-01">廣南</name>青麻撒子種田茂甚。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N401596" xml:space="preserve">色有青、</s> <s xml:id="N401599" xml:space="preserve">黃兩樣。</s> <s xml:id="N40159C" xml:space="preserve">每歲有兩刈者，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40159F" xml:space="preserve">有三刈者，</s> <s xml:id="N4015A2" xml:space="preserve">績爲當暑衣裳、</s> <s xml:id="N4015A5" xml:space="preserve">帷賬。</s> <s xml:id="N4015A8" xml:space="preserve">凡苧皮剝取後，</s> <s xml:id="N4015AB" xml:space="preserve">喜日燥 <pb facs="X06.01.050A" n="四五a"/> 亁，</s> <s xml:id="N4015B1" xml:space="preserve">見水<g type="V">即</g>爛。</s> <s xml:id="N4015B4" xml:space="preserve">破析時則以水浸之。</s> <s xml:id="N4015B7" xml:space="preserve">然只耐二十刻，</s> <s xml:id="N4015BA" xml:space="preserve">久而<lb/>不析則亦爛。</s> <s xml:id="N4015BD" xml:space="preserve">苧質本淡黃，</s> <s xml:id="N4015C0" xml:space="preserve">漂工化成至白色。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d008559"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4015C3" xml:space="preserve">先用稻灰、</s> <s xml:id="N4015C6" xml:space="preserve">石灰水煮<lb/>過，</s> <s xml:id="N4015C9" xml:space="preserve">入長流水再漂，</s> <s xml:id="N4015CC" xml:space="preserve">再灑，</s> <s xml:id="N4015CF" xml:space="preserve">以成至白。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4015D2" xml:space="preserve">紡苧紗能者用腳車，</s> <s xml:id="N4015D5" xml:space="preserve">一女工併敵三<lb/>工，</s> <s xml:id="N4015D8" xml:space="preserve">惟破析時窮日之力只得三五銖重。</s> <s xml:id="N4015DB" xml:space="preserve">織苧機具與織<lb/>棉者同。</s> <s xml:id="N4015DE" xml:space="preserve">凡布衣縫線，</s> <s xml:id="N4015E1" xml:space="preserve">革履串繩，</s> <s xml:id="N4015E4" xml:space="preserve">其質必用苧糾合。</s> <s xml:id="N4015E7" xml:space="preserve">凡葛<lb/>驀生，</s> <s xml:id="N4015EA" xml:space="preserve">質長于苧數尺。</s> <s xml:id="N4015ED" xml:space="preserve">破析至細者，</s> <s xml:id="N4015F0" xml:space="preserve">成布貴重。</s> <s xml:id="N4015F3" xml:space="preserve">又有茼麻<lb/>一種，</s> <s xml:id="N4015F6" xml:space="preserve">成布甚粗，</s> <s xml:id="N4015F9" xml:space="preserve">最粗者以充喪服。</s> <s xml:id="N4015FC" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>苧布有極粗者，</s> <s xml:id="N4015FF" xml:space="preserve">漆<lb/>家以盛布灰，</s> <s xml:id="N401602" xml:space="preserve">大內以充火炬。</s> <s xml:id="N401605" xml:space="preserve">又有蕉紗，</s> <s xml:id="N401608" xml:space="preserve">乃<name type="place" xml:id="N401608-01">閩</name>中取芭蕉<lb/>皮析緝爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N40160B" xml:space="preserve">輕細之甚，</s> <s xml:id="N40160E" xml:space="preserve">值賤而質枵，</s> <s xml:id="N401611" xml:space="preserve">不可爲衣也。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.050B" n="四五b"/> </div> <div xml:id="d008678" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401618" xml:space="preserve">裘</head> <p xml:id="N40161B"> <s xml:id="N40161D" xml:space="preserve">凡取獸皮制服統名曰裘。</s> <s xml:id="N401620" xml:space="preserve">貴至貂、</s> <s xml:id="N401623" xml:space="preserve">狐，</s> <s xml:id="N401626" xml:space="preserve">賤至羊、</s> <s xml:id="N401629" xml:space="preserve">鹿，</s> <s xml:id="N40162C" xml:space="preserve">值分百<lb/>等。</s> <s xml:id="N40162F" xml:space="preserve">貂產<name type="place" xml:id="N40162F-01">遼東</name><name type="place" xml:id="N40162F-02">外徼</name><name type="place" xml:id="N40162F-03">建州</name>地及<name type="place" xml:id="N40162F-04">朝鮮國</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N401632" xml:space="preserve">其鼠好食松子，</s> <s xml:id="N401635" xml:space="preserve">夷<lb/>人夜伺樹下，</s> <s xml:id="N401638" xml:space="preserve">屏息悄聲而射取之。</s> <s xml:id="N40163B" xml:space="preserve">一貂之皮方不盈尺，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40163E" xml:space="preserve">積六十餘貂僅成一裘。</s> <s xml:id="N401641" xml:space="preserve">服貂裘者立風雪中，</s> <s xml:id="N401644" xml:space="preserve">更暖于宇<lb/>下。</s> <s xml:id="N401647" xml:space="preserve">瞇入目中，</s> <s xml:id="N40164A" xml:space="preserve">拭之<g type="V">即</g>出，</s> <s xml:id="N40164D" xml:space="preserve">所以貴也。</s> <s xml:id="N401650" xml:space="preserve">色有三種，</s> <s xml:id="N401653" xml:space="preserve">一白者曰<lb/>銀貂，</s> <s xml:id="N401656" xml:space="preserve">一純黑，</s> <s xml:id="N401659" xml:space="preserve">一黯黃。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d008775"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40165C" xml:space="preserve">黑而毛長者，</s> <s xml:id="N40165F" xml:space="preserve">近值一帽已五十金。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N401662" xml:space="preserve">凡狐、</s> <s xml:id="N401665" xml:space="preserve">貉亦產<name type="place" xml:id="N401665-01">燕</name>、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401668" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N401668-01">齊</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40166B" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40166B-01">遼</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40166E" xml:space="preserve">汴諸道。</s> <s xml:id="N401671" xml:space="preserve">純白狐腋裘價與貂相仿，</s> <s xml:id="N401674" xml:space="preserve">黃褐狐裘值貂<lb/>五分之一，</s> <s xml:id="N401677" xml:space="preserve">御寒溫體功用次于貂。</s> <s xml:id="N40167A" xml:space="preserve">凡關外狐取毛見底 <pb facs="X06.01.051A" n="四六a"/> 青黑，</s> <s xml:id="N401680" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N401680-01">中國</name>者吹開見白色，</s> <s xml:id="N401683" xml:space="preserve">以此分優劣。</s> <s xml:id="N401686" xml:space="preserve">羊皮裘母賤子<lb/>貴。</s> <s xml:id="N401689" xml:space="preserve">在腹者名曰胞羔，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d008850"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40168C" xml:space="preserve">毛文略具。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40168F" xml:space="preserve">初生者名曰乳羔，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d008867"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401692" xml:space="preserve">皮上毛似耳環腳。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <lb/> <s xml:id="N401695" xml:space="preserve">三月者曰跑羔，</s> <s xml:id="N401698" xml:space="preserve">七月者曰走羔，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d008890"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40169B" xml:space="preserve">毛文浙直。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40169E" xml:space="preserve">胞羔、</s> <s xml:id="N4016A1" xml:space="preserve">乳羔爲裘不<lb/>羶。</s> <s xml:id="d008912" xml:space="preserve">古者羔裘爲大夫之服，</s> <s xml:id="N4016A4" xml:space="preserve">今<name type="place" xml:id="N4016A4-01">西北</name>晉紳亦貴重之。</s> <s xml:id="N4016A7" xml:space="preserve">其老<lb/>大羊皮硝熟爲裘，</s> <s xml:id="N4016AA" xml:space="preserve">裘質癡重，</s> <s xml:id="N4016AD" xml:space="preserve">則賤者之服耳，</s> <s xml:id="N4016B0" xml:space="preserve">然此皆綿<lb/>羊所爲。</s> <s xml:id="N4016B3" xml:space="preserve">若南方短毛革，</s> <s xml:id="N4016B6" xml:space="preserve">硝其鞟如紙薄，</s> <s xml:id="N4016B9" xml:space="preserve">止供畫燈之用<lb/>而已。</s> <s xml:id="N4016BC" xml:space="preserve">服羊裘者，</s> <s xml:id="N4016BF" xml:space="preserve">腥膻之氣習久而俱化，</s> <s xml:id="N4016C2" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4016C2-01">南方</name>不習者不<lb/>堪也。</s> <s xml:id="N4016C5" xml:space="preserve">然寒涼漸殺，</s> <s xml:id="N4016C8" xml:space="preserve">亦無所用之。</s> <s xml:id="N4016CB" xml:space="preserve">麂皮去毛，</s> <s xml:id="N4016CE" xml:space="preserve">硝熟爲襖褲<lb/>御風便體，</s> <s xml:id="N4016D1" xml:space="preserve">襪靴更佳。</s> <s xml:id="N4016D4" xml:space="preserve">此物<name type="place" xml:id="N4016D4-01">廣南</name>繁生外，</s> <s xml:id="N4016D7" xml:space="preserve">中土則積集<name type="place" xml:id="N4016D7-01">楚</name> <pb facs="X06.01.051B" n="四六b"/> 中，</s> <s xml:id="N4016DD" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4016DD-01">望華山</name>爲市皮之所。</s> <s xml:id="N4016E0" xml:space="preserve">麂皮且御蜴患，</s> <s xml:id="N4016E3" xml:space="preserve">北人制衣而外，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4016E6" xml:space="preserve">割篥以緣衾邊，</s> <s xml:id="N4016E9" xml:space="preserve">則蜴自遠去。</s> <s xml:id="N4016EC" xml:space="preserve">虎豹至文，</s> <s xml:id="N4016EF" xml:space="preserve">將軍用以彰身；<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4016F2" xml:space="preserve">犬豕至賤，</s> <s xml:id="N4016F5" xml:space="preserve">役夫用以適足。</s> <s xml:id="N4016F8" xml:space="preserve">西戎尚獺皮，</s> <s xml:id="N4016FB" xml:space="preserve">以爲毳衣領飾。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4016FE" xml:space="preserve">襄黃之人窮山<name type="place" xml:id="N4016FE-01">越國</name>射取而遠貨，</s> <s xml:id="N401701" xml:space="preserve">得重價焉。</s> <s xml:id="N401704" xml:space="preserve">殊方異物<lb/>如金線猿，</s> <s xml:id="N401707" xml:space="preserve">上用爲帽套；</s> <s xml:id="N40170A" xml:space="preserve">扯里猻御服以爲袍，</s> <s xml:id="N40170D" xml:space="preserve">皆非<name type="place" xml:id="N40170D-01">中華</name><lb/>物也。</s> <s xml:id="N401710" xml:space="preserve">獸皮衣人此其大略，</s> <s xml:id="N401713" xml:space="preserve">方物則不可殫述。</s> <s xml:id="N401716" xml:space="preserve">飛禽之中<lb/>有取鷹腹、</s> <s xml:id="N401719" xml:space="preserve">雁辦毳毛，</s> <s xml:id="N40171C" xml:space="preserve">殺生盈萬乃得一裘，</s> <s xml:id="N40171F" xml:space="preserve">名天鵝絨者，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401722" xml:space="preserve">將焉用之？</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d009090" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401727" xml:space="preserve">褐 氊</head> <pb facs="X06.01.052A" n="四七a"/> <p xml:id="N40172C"> <s xml:id="N40172E" xml:space="preserve">凡綿羊有二種，</s> <s xml:id="N401731" xml:space="preserve">一曰蓑衣羊，</s> <s xml:id="N401734" xml:space="preserve">剪其毳爲氈、</s> <s xml:id="N401737" xml:space="preserve">爲絨片，</s> <s xml:id="N40173A" xml:space="preserve">帽襪<lb/>遍天下，</s> <s xml:id="N40173D" xml:space="preserve">胥此出焉。</s> <s xml:id="N401740" xml:space="preserve">古者<name type="place" xml:id="N401740-01">西域</name>羊未入<name type="place" xml:id="N401740-02">中國</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N401743" xml:space="preserve">作褐爲賤者<lb/>服，</s> <s xml:id="N401746" xml:space="preserve">亦以其毛爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N401749" xml:space="preserve">褐有粗而無精，</s> <s xml:id="N40174C" xml:space="preserve">今日粗褐亦間出此<lb/>羊之身。</s> <s xml:id="N40174F" xml:space="preserve">此種自徐、</s> <s xml:id="N401752" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N401752-01">淮</name>以北<name type="place" xml:id="N401752-02">州郡</name>無不繁生。</s> <s xml:id="N401755" xml:space="preserve">南方唯<name type="place" xml:id="N401755-01">湖郡</name><lb/>飼畜綿羊，</s> <s xml:id="N401758" xml:space="preserve">一歲三剪毛。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009169"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40175B" xml:space="preserve">夏季希革不生。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40175E" xml:space="preserve">每羊一只，</s> <s xml:id="N401761" xml:space="preserve">歲得絨襪料<lb/>三雙。</s> <s xml:id="N401764" xml:space="preserve">生羔牝牡合數得二羔，</s> <s xml:id="N401767" xml:space="preserve">故北方家畜綿羊百只，</s> <s xml:id="N40176A" xml:space="preserve">則<lb/>歲入計百金云。</s> <s xml:id="N40176D" xml:space="preserve">一種矞芀羊</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009209"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d009214" xml:space="preserve">番語，</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N401770" xml:space="preserve">唐末始自<name type="place" xml:id="N401770-01">西域</name>傳來，</s> <s xml:id="N401773" xml:space="preserve">外<lb/>毛不甚蓑長，</s> <s xml:id="N401776" xml:space="preserve">內毳細軟，</s> <s xml:id="N401779" xml:space="preserve">取織絨褐，</s> <s xml:id="N40177C" xml:space="preserve">秦人名曰山羊，</s> <s xml:id="N40177F" xml:space="preserve">以別<lb/>于綿羊。</s> <s xml:id="N401782" xml:space="preserve">此種先自<name type="place" xml:id="N401782-01">西域</name>傳入<name type="place" xml:id="N401782-02">臨洮</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N401785" xml:space="preserve">今<name type="place" xml:id="N401785-01">蘭州</name>獨盛，</s> <s xml:id="N401788" xml:space="preserve">故褐之 <pb facs="X06.01.052B" n="四七b"/> 細者皆出<name type="place" xml:id="N401788-01">蘭州</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N40178E" xml:space="preserve">一曰蘭絨，</s> <s xml:id="N401791" xml:space="preserve">番語謂之孤古絨，</s> <s xml:id="N401794" xml:space="preserve">從其初號<lb/>也。</s> <s xml:id="N401797" xml:space="preserve">山羊毳絨亦分兩等，</s> <s xml:id="N40179A" xml:space="preserve">一曰搊絨，</s> <s xml:id="N40179D" xml:space="preserve">用梳櫛搊下，</s> <s xml:id="N4017A0" xml:space="preserve">打線織<lb/>帛，</s> <s xml:id="N4017A3" xml:space="preserve">曰褐子、</s> <s xml:id="N4017A6" xml:space="preserve">把下諸名色。</s> <s xml:id="N4017A9" xml:space="preserve">一曰拔絨，</s> <s xml:id="N4017AC" xml:space="preserve">乃毳毛精細者，</s> <s xml:id="N4017AF" xml:space="preserve">以兩<lb/>指甲逐莖尋下，</s> <s xml:id="N4017B2" xml:space="preserve">打線織絨褐。</s> <s xml:id="N4017B5" xml:space="preserve">此褐織成，</s> <s xml:id="N4017B8" xml:space="preserve">揩靣如絲帛滑<lb/>膩。</s> <s xml:id="N4017BB" xml:space="preserve">每人窮日這力找線只得一錢重，</s> <s xml:id="N4017BE" xml:space="preserve">費半載工夫方成<lb/>匹帛之料。</s> <s xml:id="N4017C1" xml:space="preserve">若搊絨打線，</s> <s xml:id="N4017C4" xml:space="preserve">日多拔絨數倍。</s> <s xml:id="N4017C7" xml:space="preserve">凡打褐絨線，</s> <s xml:id="N4017CA" xml:space="preserve">冶<lb/>鉛爲錘，</s> <s xml:id="N4017CD" xml:space="preserve">墜于緒端，</s> <s xml:id="N4017D0" xml:space="preserve">兩手宛轉搓成。</s> <s xml:id="N4017D3" xml:space="preserve">凡織絨褐機大于布<lb/>機，</s> <s xml:id="N4017D6" xml:space="preserve">用綜八扇，</s> <s xml:id="N4017D9" xml:space="preserve">穿經度縷，</s> <s xml:id="N4017DC" xml:space="preserve">下施四踏輪，</s> <s xml:id="N4017DF" xml:space="preserve">踏起經隔二拋緯，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4017E2" xml:space="preserve">故織出文成斜現。</s> <s xml:id="N4017E5" xml:space="preserve">其梭長一尺二寸。</s> <s xml:id="N4017E8" xml:space="preserve">機織，</s> <s xml:id="N4017EB" xml:space="preserve">羊種皆彼時 <pb facs="X06.01.053A" n="四八a"/> 歸夷傳來，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009391"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4017F1" xml:space="preserve">名姓再詳。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4017F4" xml:space="preserve">故至今織工皆其族類，</s> <s xml:id="N4017F7" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4017F7-01">中國</name>無典也。</s> <s xml:id="N4017FA" xml:space="preserve">凡<lb/>綿羊剪毳，</s> <s xml:id="N4017FD" xml:space="preserve">粗者爲氈，</s> <s xml:id="N401800" xml:space="preserve">細者爲絨。</s> <s xml:id="N401803" xml:space="preserve">氈皆煎燒沸湯投于其<lb/>中搓洗，</s> <s xml:id="N401806" xml:space="preserve">俟其粘合，</s> <s xml:id="N401809" xml:space="preserve">以木板定物式，</s> <s xml:id="N40180C" xml:space="preserve">鋪絨其上，</s> <s xml:id="N40180F" xml:space="preserve">運軸趕成。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401812" xml:space="preserve">凡氈絨白黑爲本色，</s> <s xml:id="N401815" xml:space="preserve">其餘皆染色。</s> <s xml:id="N401818" xml:space="preserve">其氍俞、</s> <s xml:id="N40181B" xml:space="preserve">氆魯等名稱，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40181E" xml:space="preserve">皆華夷各方語所命。</s> <s xml:id="N401821" xml:space="preserve">若最粗而爲毯者，</s> <s xml:id="N401824" xml:space="preserve">則駑馬諸料雜<lb/>錯而成，</s> <s xml:id="N401827" xml:space="preserve">非專取料于羊也。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.053B" n="四八b"/> <pb facs="X06.01.054A" n="四九a"/> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d009480" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N40182E" xml:space="preserve">彰施第三卷</head> <p xml:id="N401831"> <s xml:id="N401833" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N401836" xml:space="preserve">霄漢之間雲霞異色，</s> <s xml:id="N401839" xml:space="preserve">閻浮之內花葉殊形。</s> <s xml:id="N40183C" xml:space="preserve">天垂<lb/>象而聖人則之，</s> <s xml:id="N40183F" xml:space="preserve">以五彩彰施于五色，</s> <s xml:id="N401842" xml:space="preserve">有虞氏豈無所用<lb/>其心哉？</s> <s xml:id="N401845" xml:space="preserve">飛禽眾而鳳則丹，</s> <s xml:id="N401848" xml:space="preserve">走獸盈而麟則碧，</s> <s xml:id="N40184B" xml:space="preserve">夫林林青<lb/>衣，</s> <s xml:id="N40184E" xml:space="preserve">望闕而拜黃朱也，</s> <s xml:id="N401851" xml:space="preserve">其義亦猶是矣。</s> <s xml:id="N401854" xml:space="preserve">君子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N401857" xml:space="preserve">“甘受和，</s> <s xml:id="N40185A" xml:space="preserve">白<lb/>受採。”</s> <s xml:id="N40185D" xml:space="preserve">世間絲、</s> <s xml:id="N401860" xml:space="preserve">麻、</s> <s xml:id="N401863" xml:space="preserve">裘、</s> <s xml:id="N401866" xml:space="preserve">褐皆具素質，</s> <s xml:id="N401869" xml:space="preserve">而使殊顏異色得以尚<lb/>焉。</s> <s xml:id="N40186C" xml:space="preserve">謂造物不勞心者，</s> <s xml:id="N40186F" xml:space="preserve">吾不信也。</s> </p> <div xml:id="d009566" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401874" xml:space="preserve">諸色質料</head> <p xml:id="N401877"> <s xml:id="N401879" xml:space="preserve">大約色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009578"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40187C" xml:space="preserve">其質紅花餅一味，</s> <s xml:id="N40187F" xml:space="preserve">用烏梅水煎出。</s> <s xml:id="N401882" xml:space="preserve">又用鹼水澄數次，</s> <s xml:id="N401885" xml:space="preserve">或稻藁灰代鹼，</s> <s xml:id="N401888" xml:space="preserve">功用亦同。</s> <s xml:id="N40188B" xml:space="preserve">澄得多次，</s> <s xml:id="N40188E" xml:space="preserve">色則 <pb facs="X06.01.054B" n="四九b"/> 鮮甚。</s> <s xml:id="N401894" xml:space="preserve">染房討便宜者，</s> <s xml:id="N401897" xml:space="preserve">先染蘆木打腳。</s> <s xml:id="N40189A" xml:space="preserve">凡紅花最忌沉、</s> <s xml:id="N40189D" xml:space="preserve">麝，</s> <s xml:id="N4018A0" xml:space="preserve">袍服與衣香共<g type="V">收</g>，</s> <s xml:id="N4018A3" xml:space="preserve">旬月之間其色<g type="V">即</g>毀。</s> <s xml:id="N4018A6" xml:space="preserve">凡紅花染帛之<lb/>後，</s> <s xml:id="N4018A9" xml:space="preserve">若欲退轉，</s> <s xml:id="N4018AC" xml:space="preserve">但漫濕所染帛，</s> <s xml:id="N4018AF" xml:space="preserve">以鹼水、</s> <s xml:id="N4018B2" xml:space="preserve">稻灰水滴上數十點，</s> <s xml:id="N4018B5" xml:space="preserve">其紅一毫<g type="V">收</g>轉，</s> <s xml:id="N4018B8" xml:space="preserve">仍還原質。</s> <s xml:id="N4018BB" xml:space="preserve">所<g type="V">收</g>之水藏于緑豆粉內，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4018BE" xml:space="preserve">放出染紅，</s> <s xml:id="N4018C1" xml:space="preserve">半滴不耗。</s> <s xml:id="N4018C4" xml:space="preserve">染家以爲秘廖，</s> <s xml:id="N4018C7" xml:space="preserve">不以告人。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4018CA" xml:space="preserve">蓮紅、</s> <s xml:id="N4018CD" xml:space="preserve">桃紅色、</s> <s xml:id="N4018D0" xml:space="preserve">銀紅、</s> <s xml:id="N4018D3" xml:space="preserve">水紅色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009703"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4018D6" xml:space="preserve">以上質亦<lb/>紅花餅一味，</s> <s xml:id="N4018D9" xml:space="preserve">淺深分兩加減而成。</s> <s xml:id="N4018DC" xml:space="preserve">是四色皆非典繭絲所可爲，</s> <s xml:id="N4018DF" xml:space="preserve">必用白絲方現。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4018E2" xml:space="preserve">木紅色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009734"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4018E5" xml:space="preserve">用蘇木煎水，</s> <s xml:id="N4018E8" xml:space="preserve">入<lb/>明礬、</s> <s xml:id="N4018EB" xml:space="preserve">棓子。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4018EE" xml:space="preserve">紫色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009760"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4018F1" xml:space="preserve">蘇木爲地，</s> <s xml:id="d009769" xml:space="preserve">靑礬尚之。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d009777" xml:space="preserve">赭黃色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009780"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d009785" xml:space="preserve">制未詳。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d009794" xml:space="preserve">鵝黃色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009797"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d009802" xml:space="preserve">黃蘖煎水染，</s> <s xml:id="d009806" xml:space="preserve">靛水盖上。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <lb/> <s xml:id="N4018F4" xml:space="preserve">金黃色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009819"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d009824" xml:space="preserve">蘆木煎水染，</s> <s xml:id="N4018F7" xml:space="preserve">復用麻藁灰淋，</s> <s xml:id="N4018FA" xml:space="preserve">鹼水漂。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4018FD" xml:space="preserve">茶褐色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009842"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401900" xml:space="preserve">蓮子殻煎水染，</s> <s xml:id="N401903" xml:space="preserve">復用青礬水盖。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N401906" xml:space="preserve">大紅<lb/>官緑色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009863"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401909" xml:space="preserve">槐花煎水染，</s> <s xml:id="N40190C" xml:space="preserve">藍澱盖，</s> <s xml:id="N40190F" xml:space="preserve">淺深皆用明礬。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N401912" xml:space="preserve">豆緑色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009887"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401915" xml:space="preserve">黃蘗水染，</s> <s xml:id="N401918" xml:space="preserve">靛水盖。</s> <s xml:id="N40191B" xml:space="preserve">今用小葉莧藍煎水盖<lb/>者，</s> <s xml:id="N40191E" xml:space="preserve">名草豆緑，</s> <s xml:id="N401921" xml:space="preserve">色甚鮮。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N401924" xml:space="preserve">油緑色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009921"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401927" xml:space="preserve">槐花薄染，</s> <s xml:id="N40192A" xml:space="preserve">青礬盖。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40192D" xml:space="preserve">天青色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009940"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401930" xml:space="preserve">入靛缸淺染，</s> <s xml:id="N401933" xml:space="preserve">蘇木水盖。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N401936" xml:space="preserve">葡萄<lb/>青色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009962"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401939" xml:space="preserve">入靛缸深染，</s> <s xml:id="N40193C" xml:space="preserve">蘇木水深盖。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40193F" xml:space="preserve">蛋青色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d009981"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401942" xml:space="preserve">黃蘗水染，</s> <s xml:id="N401945" xml:space="preserve">然後入靛缸。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N401948" xml:space="preserve">翠藍、</s> <s xml:id="N40194B" xml:space="preserve">天藍、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d010004"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40194E" xml:space="preserve">二色俱靛 <pb facs="X06.01.055A" n="五十a"/> 水分深淺。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N401954" xml:space="preserve">玄色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d010026"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401957" xml:space="preserve">靛水染深青，</s> <s xml:id="N40195A" xml:space="preserve">蘆木、</s> <s xml:id="d010037" xml:space="preserve">楊梅皮等分煎水盖。</s> <s xml:id="N40195D" xml:space="preserve">又一法，</s> <s xml:id="N401960" xml:space="preserve">將藍芽葉水浸，</s> <s xml:id="N401963" xml:space="preserve">然後下青礬、</s> <s xml:id="N401966" xml:space="preserve">棓子同浸，</s> <s xml:id="N401969" xml:space="preserve">令<lb/>布帛易朽。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40196C" xml:space="preserve">月白、</s> <s xml:id="N40196F" xml:space="preserve">草白二色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d010072"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401972" xml:space="preserve">俱靛水微染，</s> <s xml:id="N401975" xml:space="preserve">今法用莧藍煎水，</s> <s xml:id="N401978" xml:space="preserve">半生半熟染。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40197B" xml:space="preserve">象牙色、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d010096"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40197E" xml:space="preserve">蘆木<lb/>煎水薄染，</s> <s xml:id="N401981" xml:space="preserve">或用黃土。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N401984" xml:space="preserve">藕褐色。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d010119"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401987" xml:space="preserve">蘇木水薄染，</s> <s xml:id="N40198A" xml:space="preserve">入蓮子殻，</s> <s xml:id="N40198D" xml:space="preserve">青礬水薄盖。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N401990" xml:space="preserve">附：</s> <s xml:id="N401993" xml:space="preserve">染包頭青色。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d010145"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d010150" xml:space="preserve">此黑<lb/>不出藍靛，</s> <s xml:id="d010157" xml:space="preserve">用栗殻或蓮子殻煎煮一日，</s> <s xml:id="d010160" xml:space="preserve">漉起，</s> <s xml:id="d010163" xml:space="preserve">然後入鐵砂、</s> <s xml:id="d010169" xml:space="preserve">皂礬鍋內，</s> <s xml:id="d010172" xml:space="preserve">再煮一宵<g type="V">即</g>成深黑色。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d010183" xml:space="preserve">附：染毛<lb/>青布色法。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d010188"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401996" xml:space="preserve">布青初尚<name type="place" xml:id="N401996-01">蕪湖</name>千百年矣。</s> <s xml:id="N401999" xml:space="preserve">以其漿碾成青光，</s> <s xml:id="N40199C" xml:space="preserve">邊方外國皆貴重之。</s> <s xml:id="N40199F" xml:space="preserve">人情久則生厭。</s> <s xml:id="N4019A2" xml:space="preserve">毛青乃<lb/>出近代，</s> <s xml:id="N4019A5" xml:space="preserve">其法取<name type="place" xml:id="N4019A5-01">淞江</name>美布染成深青，</s> <s xml:id="N4019A8" xml:space="preserve">不復漿碾，</s> <s xml:id="N4019AB" xml:space="preserve">吹亁，</s> <s xml:id="N4019AE" xml:space="preserve">用膠水參豆漿水一過。</s> <s xml:id="N4019B1" xml:space="preserve">先蓄好靛，</s> <s xml:id="N4019B4" xml:space="preserve">名曰標碙。</s> <s xml:id="N4019B7" xml:space="preserve">入內薄染<g type="V">即</g><lb/>起，</s> <s xml:id="N4019BA" xml:space="preserve">紅焰之色隱然。</s> <s xml:id="N4019BD" xml:space="preserve">此布一時重用。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d010259" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4019C2" xml:space="preserve">藍澱</head> <p xml:id="N4019C5"> <s xml:id="N4019C7" xml:space="preserve">凡藍五種，</s> <s xml:id="N4019CA" xml:space="preserve">皆可爲常。</s> <s xml:id="N4019CD" xml:space="preserve">茶藍<g type="V">即</g>菘藍，</s> <s xml:id="N4019D0" xml:space="preserve">插根活；</s> <s xml:id="N4019D3" xml:space="preserve">蓼藍、</s> <s xml:id="N4019D6" xml:space="preserve">馬藍、</s> <s xml:id="N4019D9" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4019D9-01">吳</name> <pb facs="X06.01.055B" n="五十b"/> 藍等皆撒子生。</s> <s xml:id="N4019DF" xml:space="preserve">近又出蓼藍小葉者，</s> <s xml:id="N4019E2" xml:space="preserve">欲名莧藍，</s> <s xml:id="N4019E5" xml:space="preserve">種更佳。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4019E8" xml:space="preserve">凡種茶藍法冬月割穫，</s> <s xml:id="N4019EB" xml:space="preserve">將葉片片削下，</s> <s xml:id="N4019EE" xml:space="preserve">入窖造澱。</s> <s xml:id="N4019F1" xml:space="preserve">其身<lb/>斬去上下，</s> <s xml:id="N4019F4" xml:space="preserve">近根留數寸，</s> <s xml:id="N4019F7" xml:space="preserve">薰亁，</s> <s xml:id="N4019FA" xml:space="preserve">埋藏土內。</s> <s xml:id="N4019FD" xml:space="preserve">春月燒淨山土<lb/>使極肥松，</s> <s xml:id="N401A00" xml:space="preserve">然後用錐鋤，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d010340"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401A03" xml:space="preserve">其鋤勾末向身長八寸許。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N401A06" xml:space="preserve">刺土打斜眼，</s> <s xml:id="N401A09" xml:space="preserve">插入<lb/>于內，</s> <s xml:id="N401A0C" xml:space="preserve">自然活根生葉。</s> <s xml:id="N401A0F" xml:space="preserve">其餘藍皆<g type="V">收</g>子撒種畦圊中。</s> <s xml:id="N401A12" xml:space="preserve">暮春<lb/>生苗，</s> <s xml:id="N401A15" xml:space="preserve">六月採實，</s> <s xml:id="N401A18" xml:space="preserve">七月刈身造澱。</s> <s xml:id="N401A1B" xml:space="preserve">凡造澱，</s> <s xml:id="N401A1E" xml:space="preserve">葉與莖多者入<lb/>窖，</s> <s xml:id="N401A21" xml:space="preserve">少者入桶與缸。</s> <s xml:id="N401A24" xml:space="preserve">水浸七日，</s> <s xml:id="N401A27" xml:space="preserve">其汁自來。</s> <s xml:id="N401A2A" xml:space="preserve">每水漿一石下<lb/>石灰五升，</s> <s xml:id="N401A2D" xml:space="preserve">攪衝數十下，</s> <s xml:id="N401A30" xml:space="preserve">澱信<g type="V">即</g>結。</s> <s xml:id="N401A33" xml:space="preserve">水性定是，</s> <s xml:id="N401A36" xml:space="preserve">澱沉于底。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401A39" xml:space="preserve">近來出產，</s> <s xml:id="N401A3C" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N401A3C-01">閩</name>人種山皆茶藍，</s> <s xml:id="N401A3F" xml:space="preserve">其數倍于諸藍。</s> <s xml:id="N401A42" xml:space="preserve">山中結箬 <pb facs="X06.01.056A" n="五一a"/> 簍，</s> <s xml:id="N401A48" xml:space="preserve">輸入舟航。</s> <s xml:id="N401A4B" xml:space="preserve">其掠出浮沫晒亁者曰靛花。</s> <s xml:id="N401A4E" xml:space="preserve">凡靛入缸必<lb/>用稻灰水先和，</s> <s xml:id="N401A51" xml:space="preserve">每日手執竹棍攪動，</s> <s xml:id="N401A54" xml:space="preserve">不可計數。</s> <s xml:id="N401A57" xml:space="preserve">其最佳<lb/>者曰標缸。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d010465" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401A5C" xml:space="preserve">紅花</head> <p xml:id="N401A5F"> <s xml:id="N401A61" xml:space="preserve">紅花場圃撒子種，</s> <s xml:id="N401A64" xml:space="preserve">二月初下種。</s> <s xml:id="N401A67" xml:space="preserve">若太早種者，</s> <s xml:id="N401A6A" xml:space="preserve">苗高尺許<lb/><g type="V">即</g>生蟲如黑蟻，</s> <s xml:id="N401A6D" xml:space="preserve">食根立斃。</s> <s xml:id="N401A70" xml:space="preserve">凡種地服者，</s> <s xml:id="N401A73" xml:space="preserve">苗高二三尺。</s> <s xml:id="N401A76" xml:space="preserve">每<lb/>路打橛，</s> <s xml:id="N401A79" xml:space="preserve">縛繩橫闌，</s> <s xml:id="N401A7C" xml:space="preserve">以備狂風拗折。</s> <s xml:id="N401A7F" xml:space="preserve">若瘦地尺五以下者，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401A82" xml:space="preserve">不必爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N401A85" xml:space="preserve">紅花入夏<g type="V">即</g>放綻，</s> <s xml:id="N401A88" xml:space="preserve">花下作求匯多，</s> <s xml:id="N401A8B" xml:space="preserve">刺花出梂<lb/>上。</s> <s xml:id="N401A8E" xml:space="preserve">採花者必侵晨帶露摘取。</s> <s xml:id="N401A91" xml:space="preserve">若日高露旰，</s> <s xml:id="N401A94" xml:space="preserve">其花<g type="V">即</g>已結 <pb facs="X06.01.056B" n="五一b"/> 閉成實，</s> <s xml:id="N401A9A" xml:space="preserve">不可採矣。</s> <s xml:id="N401A9D" xml:space="preserve">其朝隂雨無露，</s> <s xml:id="N401AA0" xml:space="preserve">放花較少，</s> <s xml:id="N401AA3" xml:space="preserve">旰摘無防，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401AA6" xml:space="preserve">以無日色故也。</s> <s xml:id="N401AA9" xml:space="preserve">紅花逐日放綻，</s> <s xml:id="N401AAC" xml:space="preserve">經月乃盡。</s> <s xml:id="N401AAF" xml:space="preserve">入藥用者不<lb/>必制餅。</s> <s xml:id="N401AB2" xml:space="preserve">若入染家用者，</s> <s xml:id="N401AB5" xml:space="preserve">必以法成餅然後用，</s> <s xml:id="N401AB8" xml:space="preserve">則黃汁淨<lb/>盡，</s> <s xml:id="N401ABB" xml:space="preserve">而真紅乃現也。</s> <s xml:id="N401ABE" xml:space="preserve">其子煎壓出油，</s> <s xml:id="N401AC1" xml:space="preserve">或以銀箔貼扇靣，</s> <s xml:id="N401AC4" xml:space="preserve">用<lb/>此油一刷，</s> <s xml:id="N401AC7" xml:space="preserve">火上照亁，</s> <s xml:id="N401ACA" xml:space="preserve">立成金色。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d010610" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401ACD" xml:space="preserve">造紅花餅法</head> <p xml:id="d010615"> <s xml:id="N401AD0" xml:space="preserve">帶露摘紅花，</s> <s xml:id="N401AD3" xml:space="preserve">搗熟以水淘，</s> <s xml:id="N401AD6" xml:space="preserve">布袋絞去黃汁。</s> <s xml:id="N401AD9" xml:space="preserve">又搗以酸粟<lb/>或米泔清。</s> <s xml:id="N401ADC" xml:space="preserve">又淘，</s> <s xml:id="N401ADF" xml:space="preserve">又絞袋去汁，</s> <s xml:id="N401AE2" xml:space="preserve">以青蒿覆一宿，</s> <s xml:id="N401AE5" xml:space="preserve">捏成薄餅，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401AE8" xml:space="preserve">隂亁<g type="V">收</g>貯。</s> <s xml:id="N401AEB" xml:space="preserve">染家得法，</s> <s xml:id="N401AEE" xml:space="preserve">我朱孔揚，</s> <s xml:id="N401AF1" xml:space="preserve">所謂猩紅也。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d010661"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401AF4" xml:space="preserve">染紙吉禮用，</s> <s xml:id="N401AF7" xml:space="preserve">亦必用 <pb facs="X06.01.057A" n="五二a"/> 製餅，</s> <s xml:id="N401AFD" xml:space="preserve">不然全無色</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d010687" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401B02" xml:space="preserve">附：燕脂</head> <p xml:id="N401B05"> <s xml:id="N401B07" xml:space="preserve">燕脂古造法以紫<g type="V">礦</g>染綿者爲上，</s> <s xml:id="N401B0A" xml:space="preserve">紅花汁及山榴花汁<lb/>者次之。</s> <s xml:id="d010707" xml:space="preserve">近<name type="place" xml:id="N401B0A-01">濟寧</name>路但取染殘紅花滓爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N401B0D" xml:space="preserve">值甚賤。</s> <s xml:id="N401B10" xml:space="preserve">其滓<lb/>亁者名曰紫粉，</s> <s xml:id="N401B13" xml:space="preserve">丹青家或<g type="V">收</g>用，</s> <s xml:id="N401B16" xml:space="preserve">染家則糟粕棄也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d010733" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401B1B" xml:space="preserve">槐花</head> <p xml:id="N401B1E"> <s xml:id="N401B20" xml:space="preserve">凡槐樹十餘年後方生花實。</s> <s xml:id="N401B23" xml:space="preserve">花初試未開者曰槐蕊，</s> <s xml:id="N401B26" xml:space="preserve">緑<lb/>衣所需，</s> <s xml:id="N401B29" xml:space="preserve">猶紅花之成紅也。</s> <s xml:id="N401B2C" xml:space="preserve">取者張度與稠其下而承之。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401B2F" xml:space="preserve">以水煮一沸，</s> <s xml:id="N401B32" xml:space="preserve">漉乾捏成餅，</s> <s xml:id="N401B35" xml:space="preserve">入染家用。</s> <s xml:id="N401B38" xml:space="preserve">既放之，</s> <s xml:id="N401B3B" xml:space="preserve">花色漸入 <pb facs="X06.01.057B" n="五二b"/> 黃，</s> <s xml:id="N401B41" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">收</g>用者以石灰少許晒拌而藏之。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.058A" n="五三a"/> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d010789" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N401B48" xml:space="preserve">粹精第四卷</head> <p xml:id="N401B4B"> <s xml:id="N401B4D" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N401B50" xml:space="preserve">天生五穀以育民，</s> <s xml:id="N401B53" xml:space="preserve">美在其中，</s> <s xml:id="N401B56" xml:space="preserve">有黃裳之意焉。</s> <s xml:id="N401B59" xml:space="preserve">稻<lb/>以糠爲甲，</s> <s xml:id="N401B5C" xml:space="preserve">麥以麩爲衣，</s> <s xml:id="N401B5F" xml:space="preserve">粟、</s> <s xml:id="N401B62" xml:space="preserve">粱、</s> <s xml:id="N401B65" xml:space="preserve">黍、</s> <s xml:id="N401B68" xml:space="preserve">稷毛羽隱然。</s> <s xml:id="N401B6B" xml:space="preserve">播精而擇<lb/>粹，</s> <s xml:id="N401B6E" xml:space="preserve">其道寧終秘也。</s> <s xml:id="N401B71" xml:space="preserve">飲食而知味者，</s> <s xml:id="N401B74" xml:space="preserve">食不厭精。</s> <s xml:id="N401B77" xml:space="preserve">杵臼之利，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401B7A" xml:space="preserve">萬民以濟，</s> <s xml:id="N401B7D" xml:space="preserve">盖取諸《小過》爲此者豈非人貌而天者哉？</s> </p> <div xml:id="d010857" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401B82" xml:space="preserve">攻稻 <hi rend="small">擊禾軋禾</hi> <hi rend="small">風車水碓</hi> <hi rend="small">石碾臼</hi> <hi rend="small">碓篩</hi> <hi rend="small">皆具圖</hi></head> <p xml:id="N401B85"> <s xml:id="N401B87" xml:space="preserve">凡稻刈穫之後，</s> <s xml:id="N401B8A" xml:space="preserve">離藁取粒。</s> <s xml:id="N401B8D" xml:space="preserve">束藁于手而擊取者半，</s> <s xml:id="N401B90" xml:space="preserve">聚藁<lb/>于場而曳牛滾石以取者半。</s> <s xml:id="N401B93" xml:space="preserve">凡束手而擊者，</s> <s xml:id="N401B96" xml:space="preserve">受擊之物<lb/>或用木桶，</s> <s xml:id="N401B99" xml:space="preserve">或用石板。</s> <s xml:id="N401B9C" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">收</g>穫之時雨多霽少，</s> <s xml:id="N401B9F" xml:space="preserve">田稻交濕，</s> <s xml:id="N401BA2" xml:space="preserve">不 <pb facs="X06.01.058B" n="五三b"/> 可登場者，</s> <s xml:id="N401BA8" xml:space="preserve">以木桶就田擊取。</s> <s xml:id="N401BAB" xml:space="preserve">晴霽稻亁，</s> <s xml:id="N401BAE" xml:space="preserve">則用石板甚便<lb/>也。</s> <s xml:id="N401BB1" xml:space="preserve">凡服牛曳石滾壓場中，</s> <s xml:id="N401BB4" xml:space="preserve">視人手擊取者力省三倍。</s> <s xml:id="N401BB7" xml:space="preserve">但<lb/>作種之穀，</s> <s xml:id="N401BBA" xml:space="preserve">恐磨去殻尖，</s> <s xml:id="N401BBD" xml:space="preserve">減削生機。</s> <s xml:id="N401BC0" xml:space="preserve">故南方多種之家，</s> <s xml:id="N401BC3" xml:space="preserve">場<lb/>禾多藉牛力，</s> <s xml:id="N401BC6" xml:space="preserve">而來年作種者則寧向石板擊取也。</s> <s xml:id="N401BC9" xml:space="preserve">凡稻<lb/>最佳者九穰一秕，</s> <s xml:id="N401BCC" xml:space="preserve">徜風雨不時，</s> <s xml:id="N401BCF" xml:space="preserve">耘耔失節，</s> <s xml:id="N401BD2" xml:space="preserve">則六穰四秕<lb/>者容有之。</s> <s xml:id="N401BD5" xml:space="preserve">凡去秕，</s> <s xml:id="N401BD8" xml:space="preserve">南方盡用風車扇去；</s> <s xml:id="N401BDB" xml:space="preserve">北方稻少，</s> <s xml:id="N401BDE" xml:space="preserve">用颺<lb/>法，</s> <s xml:id="N401BE1" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>以颺麥、</s> <s xml:id="N401BE4" xml:space="preserve">黍者颺稻，</s> <s xml:id="N401BE7" xml:space="preserve">盖不若風車之便也。</s> <s xml:id="N401BEA" xml:space="preserve">凡稻去殻<lb/>用礱，</s> <s xml:id="N401BED" xml:space="preserve">去臘用舂、</s> <s xml:id="N401BF0" xml:space="preserve">用碾。</s> <s xml:id="N401BF3" xml:space="preserve">然水碓主舂，</s> <s xml:id="N401BF6" xml:space="preserve">則兼併礱功。</s> <s xml:id="N401BF9" xml:space="preserve">燥亁之<lb/>穀入碾亦少礱也。</s> <s xml:id="N401BFC" xml:space="preserve">凡礱有二種：</s> <s xml:id="N401BFF" xml:space="preserve">一用木爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N401C02" xml:space="preserve">截木尺許，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.059A" n="五四a"/> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d011046"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401C07" xml:space="preserve">質多用松。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N401C0A" xml:space="preserve">斲合成大磨形，</s> <s xml:id="N401C0D" xml:space="preserve">兩扇皆鑿縱斜齒，</s> <s xml:id="N401C10" xml:space="preserve">下合植徇穿貫<lb/>上合，</s> <s xml:id="N401C13" xml:space="preserve">空中受穀。</s> <s xml:id="N401C16" xml:space="preserve">木礱攻米二千餘石，</s> <s xml:id="N401C19" xml:space="preserve">其身乃盡。</s> <s xml:id="N401C1C" xml:space="preserve">凡木礱，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401C1F" xml:space="preserve">穀不甚燥者入礱亦不碎，</s> <s xml:id="N401C22" xml:space="preserve">故入貢軍國漕儲千萬，</s> <s xml:id="N401C25" xml:space="preserve">皆出<lb/>此中也。</s> <s xml:id="N401C28" xml:space="preserve">一土礱析竹匡圍成圈，</s> <s xml:id="N401C2B" xml:space="preserve">實潔淨黃土于內，</s> <s xml:id="N401C2E" xml:space="preserve">上下<lb/>兩靣各嵌竹齒。</s> <s xml:id="N401C31" xml:space="preserve">上合篘空受穀，</s> <s xml:id="N401C34" xml:space="preserve">其量倍于木礱。</s> <s xml:id="N401C37" xml:space="preserve">欲稍滋<lb/>濕者入其中<g type="V">即</g>碎斷。</s> <s xml:id="N401C3A" xml:space="preserve">土礱攻米二百石，</s> <s xml:id="N401C3D" xml:space="preserve">其身乃朽。</s> <s xml:id="N401C40" xml:space="preserve">凡木<lb/>礱必用健夫，</s> <s xml:id="N401C43" xml:space="preserve">土礱<g type="V">即</g>孱婦弱子可勝其任。</s> <s xml:id="N401C46" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">庶</g>民饔飱皆<lb/>出此中也。</s> <s xml:id="N401C49" xml:space="preserve">凡既礱，</s> <s xml:id="N401C4C" xml:space="preserve">則風扇以去糠秕，</s> <s xml:id="N401C4F" xml:space="preserve">傾入篩中團轉。</s> <s xml:id="N401C52" xml:space="preserve">穀<lb/>未剖破者滔出篩靣，</s> <s xml:id="N401C55" xml:space="preserve">重復入礱。</s> <s xml:id="N401C58" xml:space="preserve">凡篩大者圍五尺，</s> <s xml:id="N401C5B" xml:space="preserve">小者 <pb facs="X06.01.059B" n="五四b"/> 半之。</s> <s xml:id="N401C61" xml:space="preserve">大者其中心偃隆而起，</s> <s xml:id="N401C64" xml:space="preserve">健夫利用。</s> <s xml:id="N401C67" xml:space="preserve">小者弦高二寸，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401C6A" xml:space="preserve">其中平窪，</s> <s xml:id="N401C6D" xml:space="preserve">婦子所需也。</s> <s xml:id="N401C70" xml:space="preserve">凡稻米既篩之後，</s> <s xml:id="N401C73" xml:space="preserve">入臼而舂，</s> <s xml:id="N401C76" xml:space="preserve">臼<lb/>亦兩種。</s> <s xml:id="N401C79" xml:space="preserve">八口以上之家掘地藏石臼其上，</s> <s xml:id="N401C7C" xml:space="preserve">臼量大者容<lb/>五斗，</s> <s xml:id="N401C7F" xml:space="preserve">小者半之。</s> <s xml:id="N401C82" xml:space="preserve">橫木穿插碓頭，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d011217"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N401C85" xml:space="preserve">碓嘴冶鐵爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N401C88" xml:space="preserve">用醋滓合上。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N401C8B" xml:space="preserve">足踏其<lb/>末而舂之。</s> <s xml:id="N401C8E" xml:space="preserve">不及則粗，</s> <s xml:id="N401C91" xml:space="preserve">太過則粉，</s> <s xml:id="N401C94" xml:space="preserve">精糧從此出焉。</s> <s xml:id="N401C97" xml:space="preserve">晨炊無<lb/>多者，</s> <s xml:id="N401C9A" xml:space="preserve">斷木爲手仵，</s> <s xml:id="N401C9D" xml:space="preserve">其臼或木或石以受舂也。</s> <s xml:id="N401CA0" xml:space="preserve">既春以後，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401CA3" xml:space="preserve">皮膜成粉，</s> <s xml:id="N401CA6" xml:space="preserve">名曰細糠，</s> <s xml:id="N401CA9" xml:space="preserve">以供犬豕之豢。</s> <s xml:id="N401CAC" xml:space="preserve">荒歉之歲，</s> <s xml:id="N401CAF" xml:space="preserve">人亦可<lb/>食也。</s> <s xml:id="N401CB2" xml:space="preserve">細糠隨風扇播揚分去，</s> <s xml:id="N401CB5" xml:space="preserve">則膜塵淨盡而粹精見矣。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401CB8" xml:space="preserve">凡水碓，</s> <s xml:id="N401CBB" xml:space="preserve">山國之人居河濱者之所爲也。</s> <s xml:id="N401CBE" xml:space="preserve">攻稻之法省人 <pb facs="X06.01.060A" n="五五a"/> 力十倍，</s> <s xml:id="N401CC4" xml:space="preserve">人樂爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N401CC7" xml:space="preserve">引水成功，</s> <s xml:id="N401CCA" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>筒車灌田同一制度也。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401CCD" xml:space="preserve">設臼多寡不一。</s> <s xml:id="N401CD0" xml:space="preserve">值流水少而地窄者，</s> <s xml:id="N401CD3" xml:space="preserve">或兩三臼。</s> <s xml:id="N401CD6" xml:space="preserve">流水洪<lb/>而地室寬者，</s> <s xml:id="N401CD9" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>並列十臼無憂也。</s> <s xml:id="N401CDC" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N401CDC-01">江南</name><name type="place" xml:id="N401CDC-02">信郡</name>水碓之法<lb/>巧絕。</s> <s xml:id="N401CDF" xml:space="preserve">盖水碓所愁者，</s> <s xml:id="N401CE2" xml:space="preserve">埋臼之地卑則洪潦爲患，</s> <s xml:id="N401CE5" xml:space="preserve">高則承<lb/>流不及。</s> <s xml:id="N401CE8" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N401CE8-01">信郡</name>造法<g type="V">即</g>以一舟爲地，</s> <s xml:id="N401CEB" xml:space="preserve">撅樁維之。</s> <s xml:id="N401CEE" xml:space="preserve">築土舟中，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401CF1" xml:space="preserve">陷臼于其上，</s> <s xml:id="N401CF4" xml:space="preserve">中流微堰石粱，</s> <s xml:id="N401CF7" xml:space="preserve">而碓已造成，</s> <s xml:id="N401CFA" xml:space="preserve">不煩琢木壅<lb/>坡之力也。</s> <s xml:id="N401CFD" xml:space="preserve">又有一舉而三用者，</s> <s xml:id="N401D00" xml:space="preserve">激水轉輪頭，</s> <s xml:id="N401D03" xml:space="preserve">一切轉磨<lb/>成<g type="V">麵</g>，</s> <s xml:id="N401D06" xml:space="preserve">二節運碓成米，</s> <s xml:id="N401D09" xml:space="preserve">三節引水灌于稻田，</s> <s xml:id="N401D0C" xml:space="preserve">此心計無遺<lb/>者之所爲也。</s> <s xml:id="N401D0F" xml:space="preserve">凡河濱水碓之國，</s> <s xml:id="N401D12" xml:space="preserve">有老死不見礱者，</s> <s xml:id="N401D15" xml:space="preserve">去糠 <pb facs="X06.01.060B" n="五五b"/> 去膜皆以臼相終始，</s> <s xml:id="N401D1B" xml:space="preserve">惟風篩之法則無不同也。</s> <s xml:id="N401D1E" xml:space="preserve">凡豈砌<lb/>石爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N401D21" xml:space="preserve">承藉、</s> <s xml:id="N401D24" xml:space="preserve">轉輪皆用石。</s> <s xml:id="N401D27" xml:space="preserve">牛犢、</s> <s xml:id="N401D2A" xml:space="preserve">馬駒惟人所使，</s> <s xml:id="N401D2D" xml:space="preserve">盖一牛<lb/>之力日可得五人。</s> <s xml:id="N401D30" xml:space="preserve">但入其中者，</s> <s xml:id="N401D33" xml:space="preserve">必極燥之穀，</s> <s xml:id="N401D36" xml:space="preserve">稍潤則碎<lb/>斷也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d011460" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401D3B" xml:space="preserve">攻麥 颺 蘑 羅<hi rend="small">具圖</hi></head> <p xml:id="N401D3E"> <s xml:id="N401D40" xml:space="preserve">凡小麥其持爲<g type="V">麵</g>。</s> <s xml:id="N401D43" xml:space="preserve">盖精之至者，</s> <s xml:id="N401D46" xml:space="preserve">稻中再舂之米；</s> <s xml:id="N401D49" xml:space="preserve">粹之至<lb/>者，</s> <s xml:id="N401D4C" xml:space="preserve">麥中重羅之麪也。</s> <s xml:id="N401D4F" xml:space="preserve">小麥<g type="V">收</g>穫時，</s> <s xml:id="N401D52" xml:space="preserve">束藁擊取如擊稻法。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401D55" xml:space="preserve">其去秕法北土用颺，</s> <s xml:id="N401D58" xml:space="preserve">盖風扇流傳未遍率土也。</s> <s xml:id="N401D5B" xml:space="preserve">凡颺不<lb/>在宇下，</s> <s xml:id="N401D5E" xml:space="preserve">必待風至而後爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N401D61" xml:space="preserve">風不至，</s> <s xml:id="N401D64" xml:space="preserve">雨不<g type="V">收</g>，</s> <s xml:id="N401D67" xml:space="preserve">皆不可爲 <pb facs="X06.01.061A" n="五六a"/> 也。</s> <s xml:id="N401D6D" xml:space="preserve">凡小麥既颺之後，</s> <s xml:id="N401D70" xml:space="preserve">以水淘洗塵垢淨盡，</s> <s xml:id="N401D73" xml:space="preserve">又復晒亁，</s> <s xml:id="N401D76" xml:space="preserve">然<lb/>後入磨。</s> <s xml:id="N401D79" xml:space="preserve">凡小麥有紫、</s> <s xml:id="N401D7C" xml:space="preserve">黃二種，</s> <s xml:id="N401D7F" xml:space="preserve">紫勝于黃。</s> <s xml:id="N401D82" xml:space="preserve">凡佳者每石得<lb/>麪一百二十<g type="R">觔</g>，</s> <s xml:id="N401D85" xml:space="preserve">劣者損三分之一也。</s> <s xml:id="N401D88" xml:space="preserve">凡磨大小無定形，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401D8B" xml:space="preserve">大者用肥健力牛曳轉，</s> <s xml:id="N401D8E" xml:space="preserve">其牛曳磨時用桐壳掩眸，</s> <s xml:id="N401D91" xml:space="preserve">不然<lb/>則眩暈。</s> <s xml:id="N401D94" xml:space="preserve">其腹繫桶以盛遺，</s> <s xml:id="N401D97" xml:space="preserve">不然則穢也。</s> <s xml:id="N401D9A" xml:space="preserve">次者用驢磨，</s> <s xml:id="N401D9D" xml:space="preserve"><g type="R">觔</g><lb/>兩稍輕。</s> <s xml:id="N401DA0" xml:space="preserve">又次不磨，</s> <s xml:id="N401DA3" xml:space="preserve">則止用人推挨者。</s> <s xml:id="N401DA6" xml:space="preserve">凡力牛一日攻麥<lb/>二石，</s> <s xml:id="N401DA9" xml:space="preserve">驢半之。</s> <s xml:id="N401DAC" xml:space="preserve">人則強者攻三斗，</s> <s xml:id="N401DAF" xml:space="preserve">弱者半之。</s> <s xml:id="N401DB2" xml:space="preserve">若水磨之法，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401DB5" xml:space="preserve">其詳已載《攻稻》“水碓”中，</s> <s xml:id="N401DB8" xml:space="preserve">制度機同，</s> <s xml:id="N401DBB" xml:space="preserve">其便利又三倍于牛<lb/>犢也。</s> <s xml:id="N401DBE" xml:space="preserve">凡牛、</s> <s xml:id="N401DC1" xml:space="preserve">馬與水磨，</s> <s xml:id="N401DC4" xml:space="preserve">皆懸袋磨上，</s> <s xml:id="N401DC7" xml:space="preserve">上寬下窄。</s> <s xml:id="N401DCA" xml:space="preserve">貯麥數斗 <pb facs="X06.01.061B" n="五六b"/> 于中，</s> <s xml:id="N401DD0" xml:space="preserve">溜入磨眼。</s> <s xml:id="N401DD3" xml:space="preserve">人力所挨則不必也。</s> <s xml:id="N401DD6" xml:space="preserve">凡磨石有兩種，</s> <s xml:id="N401DD9" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">麵</g><lb/>品由石而分。</s> <s xml:id="N401DDC" xml:space="preserve">江南少粹白上麪者，</s> <s xml:id="N401DDF" xml:space="preserve">以石懷沙滓，</s> <s xml:id="N401DE2" xml:space="preserve">相磨發<lb/>燒，</s> <s xml:id="N401DE5" xml:space="preserve">則其麩併破，</s> <s xml:id="N401DE8" xml:space="preserve">故黑纇參和麪中，</s> <s xml:id="N401DEB" xml:space="preserve">無從羅去也。</s> <s xml:id="N401DEE" xml:space="preserve">江北石<lb/>性冷膩，</s> <s xml:id="N401DF1" xml:space="preserve">而產于<name type="place" xml:id="N401DF1-01">池郡</name>之<name type="place" xml:id="N401DF1-02">九華山</name>者美更甚。</s> <s xml:id="N401DF4" xml:space="preserve">以此石制磨，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401DF7" xml:space="preserve">石不發燒，</s> <s xml:id="N401DFA" xml:space="preserve">其麩壓至扁秕之極不破，</s> <s xml:id="N401DFD" xml:space="preserve">則黑疵一毫不入，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401E00" xml:space="preserve">而<g type="V">麵</g>成至白也。</s> <s xml:id="N401E03" xml:space="preserve">凡江南磨二十日<g type="V">即</g>斷齒，</s> <s xml:id="N401E06" xml:space="preserve">江北者經半<lb/>載方斷。</s> <s xml:id="N401E09" xml:space="preserve">南磨破麩得麫百斤，</s> <s xml:id="d011739" xml:space="preserve">北磨只得八十斤，</s> <s xml:id="d011742" xml:space="preserve">故上<g type="V">麵</g><lb/>之値増十之二，</s> <s xml:id="d011749" xml:space="preserve">然麫觔、</s> <s xml:id="d011752" xml:space="preserve">小粉皆從彼磨出，</s> <s xml:id="N401E0C" xml:space="preserve">則衡數已足，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401E0F" xml:space="preserve">得值得多焉。</s> <s xml:id="N401E12" xml:space="preserve">凡麥經磨之後，</s> <s xml:id="N401E15" xml:space="preserve">幾番入羅，</s> <s xml:id="N401E18" xml:space="preserve">勤者不厭重復。</s> <pb facs="X06.01.062A" n="五七a"/> <s xml:id="N401E1D" xml:space="preserve">羅匡之底用絲織羅地絹爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N401E20" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N401E20-01">湖</name>絲所織者，</s> <s xml:id="N401E23" xml:space="preserve">羅<g type="V">麵</g>千石<lb/>有損，</s> <s xml:id="N401E26" xml:space="preserve">若他方黃絲所爲，</s> <s xml:id="N401E29" xml:space="preserve">經百石而已朽也。</s> <s xml:id="N401E2C" xml:space="preserve">凡<g type="V">麵</g>既成後，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401E2F" xml:space="preserve">寒天可經三月，</s> <s xml:id="N401E32" xml:space="preserve">春夏不出二十日則鬱壞。</s> <s xml:id="N401E35" xml:space="preserve">爲食適口，</s> <s xml:id="N401E38" xml:space="preserve">貴<lb/>及時也。</s> <s xml:id="N401E3B" xml:space="preserve">凡大麥則就舂去膜，</s> <s xml:id="N401E3E" xml:space="preserve">炊飯而食，</s> <s xml:id="N401E41" xml:space="preserve">爲粉者十無一<lb/>焉。</s> <s xml:id="N401E44" xml:space="preserve">蕎麥則微加舂杵去衣，</s> <s xml:id="N401E47" xml:space="preserve">然後或舂或磨以成粉而後<lb/>食之。</s> <s xml:id="N401E4A" xml:space="preserve">盖此類之視小麥，</s> <s xml:id="N401E4D" xml:space="preserve">精粗貴賤大經庭也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d011848" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401E52" xml:space="preserve">攻黍稷粟粱麻菽 小碾 枷<hi rend="small">具圖</hi></head> <p xml:id="N401E55"> <s xml:id="N401E57" xml:space="preserve">凡攻治小米，</s> <s xml:id="N401E5A" xml:space="preserve">颺得其實，</s> <s xml:id="N401E5D" xml:space="preserve">舂得其精，</s> <s xml:id="N401E60" xml:space="preserve">磨得其粹。</s> <s xml:id="N401E63" xml:space="preserve">風颺、</s> <s xml:id="N401E66" xml:space="preserve">車扇<lb/>而外，</s> <s xml:id="N401E69" xml:space="preserve">簸法生焉。</s> <s xml:id="N401E6C" xml:space="preserve">其法篾織爲圓盤，</s> <s xml:id="N401E6F" xml:space="preserve">鋪米其中，</s> <s xml:id="N401E72" xml:space="preserve">擠勻揚播。</s> <pb facs="X06.01.062B" n="五七b"/> <s xml:id="N401E77" xml:space="preserve">輕者居前，</s> <s xml:id="N401E7A" xml:space="preserve">簸棄地下；</s> <s xml:id="N401E7D" xml:space="preserve">重者在後，</s> <s xml:id="N401E80" xml:space="preserve">嘉實在焉。</s> <s xml:id="N401E83" xml:space="preserve">凡小米舂、</s> <s xml:id="N401E86" xml:space="preserve">磨、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401E89" xml:space="preserve">揚、</s> <s xml:id="N401E8C" xml:space="preserve">播制器，</s> <s xml:id="N401E8F" xml:space="preserve">已詳《稻》、</s> <s xml:id="N401E92" xml:space="preserve">《麥》之中。</s> <s xml:id="N401E95" xml:space="preserve">唯小碾一制在《稻》、</s> <s xml:id="N401E98" xml:space="preserve">《麥》之外。</s> <s xml:id="N401E9B" xml:space="preserve">北<lb/>方攻小米者，</s> <s xml:id="N401E9E" xml:space="preserve">家置石墩，</s> <s xml:id="N401EA1" xml:space="preserve">中高邊下，</s> <s xml:id="N401EA4" xml:space="preserve">邊沿不開槽。</s> <s xml:id="N401EA7" xml:space="preserve">鋪米墩<lb/>上，</s> <s xml:id="N401EAA" xml:space="preserve">婦子兩人相向，</s> <s xml:id="N401EAD" xml:space="preserve">接手而碾之。</s> <s xml:id="N401EB0" xml:space="preserve">其碾石圓長如牛趕石，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401EB3" xml:space="preserve">而兩頭插木柄。</s> <s xml:id="N401EB6" xml:space="preserve">米墮邊時隨手以小彗掃上。</s> <s xml:id="N401EB9" xml:space="preserve">家有此具，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401EBC" xml:space="preserve">杵臼竟懸也。</s> <s xml:id="N401EBF" xml:space="preserve">凡胡麻刈穫，</s> <s xml:id="N401EC2" xml:space="preserve">于烈日中晒亁，</s> <s xml:id="N401EC5" xml:space="preserve">束爲小把，</s> <s xml:id="N401EC8" xml:space="preserve">兩<lb/>手執把相擊。</s> <s xml:id="N401ECB" xml:space="preserve">麻粒綻落，</s> <s xml:id="d011995" xml:space="preserve">承藉以簟席也。</s> <s xml:id="d011999" xml:space="preserve">丹麻篩與米篩<lb/>小者同形，</s> <s xml:id="d012004" xml:space="preserve">而目密五倍。</s> <s xml:id="d012007" xml:space="preserve">麻從目中落，</s> <s xml:id="N401ECE" xml:space="preserve">葉殘角悄皆浮篩<lb/>上而棄之。</s> <s xml:id="N401ED1" xml:space="preserve">凡豆菽刈穫，</s> <s xml:id="N401ED4" xml:space="preserve">少者用枷，</s> <s xml:id="N401ED7" xml:space="preserve">多而省力者仍鋪場，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.063A" n="五八a"/> <s xml:id="N401EDC" xml:space="preserve">烈日晒亁，</s> <s xml:id="N401EDF" xml:space="preserve">牛曳石趕而壓落之。</s> <s xml:id="N401EE2" xml:space="preserve">凡打豆枷，</s> <s xml:id="N401EE5" xml:space="preserve">竹本稈爲柄，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401EE8" xml:space="preserve">其端錐圓眼，</s> <s xml:id="N401EEB" xml:space="preserve">拴木一條長三尺許，</s> <s xml:id="N401EEE" xml:space="preserve">鋪豆于場，</s> <s xml:id="N401EF1" xml:space="preserve">執柄而擊<lb/>之。</s> <s xml:id="N401EF4" xml:space="preserve">凡豆擊之後，</s> <s xml:id="N401EF7" xml:space="preserve">用風扇揚去莢葉，</s> <s xml:id="N401EFA" xml:space="preserve">篩以繼之，</s> <s xml:id="N401EFD" xml:space="preserve">嘉實灑然<lb/>入廩矣。</s> <s xml:id="N401F00" xml:space="preserve">是故舂磨不及麻，</s> <s xml:id="N401F03" xml:space="preserve">豈碾不及菽也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d012078" type="section"> <head xml:id="d012080" xml:space="preserve">攻治成糧諸色圖</head> <pb facs="X06.01.063B" n="五八b"/> <figure xml:id="d012085"> <graphic url="X06.01.063B-01"/> <head xml:id="d012090" xml:space="preserve">牛碾</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.064A" n="五九a"/> <figure xml:id="d012096"> <graphic url="X06.01.064A-01"/> <head xml:id="d012101" xml:space="preserve">濕田擊稻</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d012104" xml:space="preserve">木桶</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.064B" n="五九b"/> <figure xml:id="d012111"> <graphic url="X06.01.064B-01"/> <head xml:id="d012116" xml:space="preserve">塲稻</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.065A" n="六十a"/> <figure xml:id="d012122"> <graphic url="X06.01.065A-01"/> <head xml:id="d012127" xml:space="preserve">木礱</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.065B" n="六十b"/> <figure xml:id="d012133"> <graphic url="X06.01.065B-01"/> <head xml:id="d012138" xml:space="preserve">土礱</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.066A" n="六一a"/> <figure xml:id="d012145"> <graphic url="X06.01.066A-01"/> <head xml:id="d012150" xml:space="preserve">風扇車</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.066B" n="六一b"/> <figure xml:id="d012156"> <graphic url="X06.01.066B-01"/> <head xml:id="d012161" xml:space="preserve">水碓圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d012164" xml:space="preserve">板閘</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.067A" n="六二a"/> <figure xml:id="d012170"> <graphic url="X06.01.067A-01"/> <head xml:id="d012175" xml:space="preserve">盖利<lb/>用茅</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.067B" n="六二b"/> <figure xml:id="d012184"> <graphic url="X06.01.067B-01"/> <head xml:id="d012189" xml:space="preserve">水蘑</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d012192" xml:space="preserve">柱</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d012195" xml:space="preserve">袋麥</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d012198" xml:space="preserve">齒</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.068A" n="六三a"/> <figure xml:id="d012204"> <graphic url="X06.01.068A-01"/> <head xml:id="d012209" xml:space="preserve">橛障<lb/>水坡</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.068B" n="六三b"/> <figure xml:id="d012217"> <graphic url="X06.01.068B-01"/> <head xml:id="d012222" xml:space="preserve">赶稻及菽圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d012225" xml:space="preserve">石</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.069A" n="六四a"/> <figure xml:id="d012232"> <graphic url="X06.01.069A-01"/> <head xml:id="d012237" xml:space="preserve">舂</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d012240" xml:space="preserve">杵臼</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.069B" n="六四b"/> <figure xml:id="d012246"> <graphic url="X06.01.069B-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d012251" xml:space="preserve">麪羅</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d012254" xml:space="preserve">撞機</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.070A" n="六五a"/> <figure xml:id="d012260"> <graphic url="X06.01.070A-01"/> <head xml:id="d012265" xml:space="preserve">小碾圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d012268" xml:space="preserve">梁粟稷麥皆用此碾</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d012271" xml:space="preserve">石衮</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.070B" n="六五b"/> <figure xml:id="d012278"> <graphic url="X06.01.070B-01"/> <head xml:id="d012283" xml:space="preserve">打枷圖</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.071A" n="六六a"/> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d012291" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N401F0A" xml:space="preserve">作咸第五卷</head> <p xml:id="N401F0D"> <s xml:id="N401F0F" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N401F12" xml:space="preserve">天有五氣，</s> <s xml:id="N401F15" xml:space="preserve">是生五味。</s> <s xml:id="N401F18" xml:space="preserve">潤下作咸，</s> <s xml:id="N401F1B" xml:space="preserve">王訪箕子而首<lb/>聞其義焉。</s> <s xml:id="N401F1E" xml:space="preserve">口之于味也，</s> <s xml:id="N401F21" xml:space="preserve">辛酸甘苦經年絕五無恙。</s> <s xml:id="N401F24" xml:space="preserve">獨食<lb/>鹽禁戒旬日，</s> <s xml:id="N401F27" xml:space="preserve">則縛雞勝匹倦怠懨然。</s> <s xml:id="N401F2A" xml:space="preserve">豈非“天一生水”，</s> <s xml:id="N401F2D" xml:space="preserve">而<lb/>此味爲生人生氣之源哉？</s> <s xml:id="N401F30" xml:space="preserve">四海之中，</s> <s xml:id="N401F33" xml:space="preserve">五服而外，</s> <s xml:id="N401F36" xml:space="preserve">爲蔬爲<lb/>穀，</s> <s xml:id="N401F39" xml:space="preserve">皆有寂滅之鄉，</s> <s xml:id="N401F3C" xml:space="preserve">而斥鹵則巧生以待。</s> <s xml:id="N401F3F" xml:space="preserve">孰知其以然。</s> </p> <div xml:id="d012362" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401F42" xml:space="preserve">鹽產</head> <p xml:id="d012367"> <s xml:id="N401F45" xml:space="preserve">凡鹽產最不一，</s> <s xml:id="N401F48" xml:space="preserve">海、</s> <s xml:id="N401F4B" xml:space="preserve">池、</s> <s xml:id="N401F4E" xml:space="preserve">井、</s> <s xml:id="N401F51" xml:space="preserve">土、</s> <s xml:id="N401F54" xml:space="preserve">崖、</s> <s xml:id="N401F57" xml:space="preserve">砂石、</s> <s xml:id="N401F5A" xml:space="preserve">略分六種，</s> <s xml:id="N401F5D" xml:space="preserve">而東夷樹<lb/>葉、</s> <s xml:id="N401F60" xml:space="preserve">西戎光明不與焉。</s> <s xml:id="N401F63" xml:space="preserve">赤縣之內，</s> <s xml:id="N401F66" xml:space="preserve">海鹵居十之八，</s> <s xml:id="N401F69" xml:space="preserve">而其二 <pb facs="X06.01.071B" n="六六b"/> 爲井、</s> <s xml:id="N401F6F" xml:space="preserve">池、</s> <s xml:id="N401F72" xml:space="preserve">土鹼。</s> <s xml:id="N401F75" xml:space="preserve">或假人力，</s> <s xml:id="N401F78" xml:space="preserve">或由天造。</s> <s xml:id="N401F7B" xml:space="preserve">總之，</s> <s xml:id="N401F7E" xml:space="preserve">一經舟車窮窘，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401F81" xml:space="preserve">則造物應付出焉。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d012439" type="section"> <head xml:id="N401F86" xml:space="preserve">海水鹽</head> <p xml:id="N401F89"> <s xml:id="N401F8B" xml:space="preserve">凡海水自具咸質。</s> <s xml:id="N401F8E" xml:space="preserve">海濱地高者名潮墩，</s> <s xml:id="N401F91" xml:space="preserve">下者名草蕩，</s> <s xml:id="N401F94" xml:space="preserve">地<lb/>皆產鹽。</s> <s xml:id="N401F97" xml:space="preserve">同一海鹵傳神，</s> <s xml:id="N401F9A" xml:space="preserve">而取法則異。</s> <s xml:id="N401F9D" xml:space="preserve">一法高堰地，</s> <s xml:id="N401FA0" xml:space="preserve">潮波<lb/>不沒者，</s> <s xml:id="N401FA3" xml:space="preserve">地可種鹽。</s> <s xml:id="N401FA6" xml:space="preserve">種戶各有區畫經界，</s> <s xml:id="N401FA9" xml:space="preserve">不相侵越。</s> <s xml:id="N401FAC" xml:space="preserve">度詰<lb/>朝無雨，</s> <s xml:id="N401FAF" xml:space="preserve">則今日廣布稻麥藁灰及蘆茅灰寸許于地上，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401FB2" xml:space="preserve">壓使平勻。</s> <s xml:id="N401FB5" xml:space="preserve">明晨露氣衝騰，</s> <s xml:id="N401FB8" xml:space="preserve">則其下鹽茅勃發，</s> <s xml:id="N401FBB" xml:space="preserve">日中晴霽，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401FBE" xml:space="preserve">灰、</s> <s xml:id="N401FC1" xml:space="preserve">鹽一併掃起淋煎。</s> <s xml:id="N401FC4" xml:space="preserve">一法潮波淺被地，</s> <s xml:id="N401FC7" xml:space="preserve">不用灰壓。</s> <s xml:id="N401FCA" xml:space="preserve">候潮 <pb facs="X06.01.072A" n="六七a"/> 一過，</s> <s xml:id="N401FD0" xml:space="preserve">明日天晴，</s> <s xml:id="N401FD3" xml:space="preserve">半日晒出鹽霜，</s> <s xml:id="N401FD6" xml:space="preserve">疾趨掃起煎煉。</s> <s xml:id="N401FD9" xml:space="preserve">一法逼<lb/>海潮深地，</s> <s xml:id="N401FDC" xml:space="preserve">先掘深坑，</s> <s xml:id="N401FDF" xml:space="preserve">橫架竹木，</s> <s xml:id="N401FE2" xml:space="preserve">上鋪席葦，</s> <s xml:id="N401FE5" xml:space="preserve">又鋪沙于葦<lb/>席之上。</s> <s xml:id="N401FE8" xml:space="preserve">俟潮滅頂衝過，</s> <s xml:id="N401FEB" xml:space="preserve">鹵氣由沙滲下坑中，</s> <s xml:id="N401FEE" xml:space="preserve">撒去沙、</s> <s xml:id="N401FF1" xml:space="preserve">葦<lb/>以燈燭之，</s> <s xml:id="N401FF4" xml:space="preserve">鹵氣衝燈<g type="V">即</g>滅，</s> <s xml:id="N401FF7" xml:space="preserve">取鹵水煎煉。</s> <s xml:id="N401FFA" xml:space="preserve">總之功在晴霽，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N401FFD" xml:space="preserve">若淫雨邊旬，</s> <s xml:id="N402000" xml:space="preserve">則謂之鹽荒。</s> <s xml:id="N402003" xml:space="preserve">又<name type="place" xml:id="N402003-01">淮</name>場地靣有日晒自然生<lb/>霜如馬牙者，</s> <s xml:id="N402006" xml:space="preserve">謂之大晒鹽。</s> <s xml:id="N402009" xml:space="preserve">不由煎煉，</s> <s xml:id="N40200C" xml:space="preserve">掃起<g type="V">即</g>食，</s> <s xml:id="N40200F" xml:space="preserve">海水順<lb/>風飄來斷劃，</s> <s xml:id="N402012" xml:space="preserve">色取煎炬名蓬鹽。</s> <s xml:id="N402015" xml:space="preserve">凡淋煎法，</s> <s xml:id="N402018" xml:space="preserve">掘坑二個，</s> <s xml:id="N40201B" xml:space="preserve">一<lb/>淺一深。</s> <s xml:id="N40201E" xml:space="preserve">淺者尺許，</s> <s xml:id="N402021" xml:space="preserve">以竹木架蘆席于上，</s> <s xml:id="N402024" xml:space="preserve">將掃來鹽料</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d012643"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d012648" xml:space="preserve">不論<lb/>有灰無灰，</s> <s xml:id="N402027" xml:space="preserve">淋法皆同</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d012666" xml:space="preserve">鋪于席上。</s> <s xml:id="N40202A" xml:space="preserve">四圍隆起作一坤當形，</s> <s xml:id="N40202D" xml:space="preserve">中以海水 <pb facs="X06.01.072B" n="六七b"/> 灌淋，</s> <s xml:id="N402033" xml:space="preserve">滲下淺坑中。</s> <s xml:id="N402036" xml:space="preserve">深者深七八尺，</s> <s xml:id="N402039" xml:space="preserve">受淺坑所淋之法，</s> <s xml:id="N40203C" xml:space="preserve">然<lb/>後入鍋煎煉。</s> <s xml:id="N40203F" xml:space="preserve">凡煎鹽鍋古謂之牢盆，</s> <s xml:id="N402042" xml:space="preserve">亦有兩種制度。</s> <s xml:id="N402045" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>盆周闊數丈，</s> <s xml:id="N402048" xml:space="preserve">徑亦丈許。</s> <s xml:id="N40204B" xml:space="preserve">用鐵者以鐵找成葉片，</s> <s xml:id="N40204E" xml:space="preserve">鐵釘拴<lb/>合，</s> <s xml:id="N402051" xml:space="preserve">其底平如孟，</s> <s xml:id="N402054" xml:space="preserve">其四周高尺二寸，</s> <s xml:id="N402057" xml:space="preserve">其合縫處一經鹵汁<lb/>結塞，</s> <s xml:id="N40205A" xml:space="preserve">永無隙漏。</s> <s xml:id="N40205D" xml:space="preserve">其下列灶燃薪，</s> <s xml:id="N402060" xml:space="preserve">多者十二三眼，</s> <s xml:id="N402063" xml:space="preserve">少者七<lb/>八眼，</s> <s xml:id="N402066" xml:space="preserve">共煎此盤。</s> <s xml:id="N402069" xml:space="preserve">南海有編竹爲者，</s> <s xml:id="N40206C" xml:space="preserve">將竹編成闊丈深尺，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40206F" xml:space="preserve">糊以蜃灰，</s> <s xml:id="N402072" xml:space="preserve">附于釜背。</s> <s xml:id="d012758" xml:space="preserve">火燃釜底，</s> <s xml:id="N402075" xml:space="preserve">滾沸延及成鹽。</s> <s xml:id="N402078" xml:space="preserve">亦名鹽<lb/>盆，</s> <s xml:id="N40207B" xml:space="preserve">然不若鐵葉鑲成之便也。</s> <s xml:id="N40207E" xml:space="preserve">凡煎鹵未<g type="V">即</g>凝結，</s> <s xml:id="N402081" xml:space="preserve">將皂角<lb/>椎碎，</s> <s xml:id="N402084" xml:space="preserve">和粟米糠二味，</s> <s xml:id="N402087" xml:space="preserve">鹵沸之時投入其中攪和，</s> <s xml:id="N40208A" xml:space="preserve">鹽媽頃 <pb facs="X06.01.073A" n="六八a"/> 刻結成。</s> <s xml:id="N402090" xml:space="preserve">盖皂角結鹽猶石膏之結腐也。</s> <s xml:id="N402093" xml:space="preserve">凡鹽淮揚場者，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402096" xml:space="preserve">質重而黑，</s> <s xml:id="N402099" xml:space="preserve">其他質輕而白。</s> <s xml:id="N40209C" xml:space="preserve">以量較之，</s> <s xml:id="N40209F" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40209F-01">淮</name><name type="place" xml:id="N40209F-02">場</name>者一升重十<lb/>兩，</s> <s xml:id="N4020A2" xml:space="preserve">則<name type="place" xml:id="N4020A2-01">廣</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4020A5" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4020A5-01">浙</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4020A8" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4020A8-01">長蘆</name>者只重六七兩。</s> <s xml:id="N4020AB" xml:space="preserve">凡蓬草鹽不可常期，</s> <s xml:id="N4020AE" xml:space="preserve">或<lb/>數年一至，</s> <s xml:id="N4020B1" xml:space="preserve">或一月數至。</s> <s xml:id="N4020B4" xml:space="preserve">凡鹽見水<g type="V">即</g>化，</s> <s xml:id="N4020B7" xml:space="preserve">見風<g type="V">即</g>鹵，</s> <s xml:id="N4020BA" xml:space="preserve">見火<lb/>愈堅。</s> <s xml:id="N4020BD" xml:space="preserve">凡<g type="V">收</g>藏不必用倉廩，</s> <s xml:id="N4020C0" xml:space="preserve">鹽性畏風不畏濕，</s> <s xml:id="N4020C3" xml:space="preserve">地下疊藁<lb/>三寸，</s> <s xml:id="N4020C6" xml:space="preserve">任從卑濕無傷。</s> <s xml:id="N4020C9" xml:space="preserve">周遭以土誇泥隙，</s> <s xml:id="N4020CC" xml:space="preserve">上盖茅草尺許，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4020CF" xml:space="preserve">百年如故也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d012898" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4020D4" xml:space="preserve">池鹽</head> <p xml:id="N4020D7"> <s xml:id="N4020D9" xml:space="preserve">凡池鹽，</s> <s xml:id="N4020DC" xml:space="preserve">宇內有二，</s> <s xml:id="N4020DF" xml:space="preserve">一出寧夏，</s> <s xml:id="N4020E2" xml:space="preserve">供食邊鎮；</s> <s xml:id="N4020E5" xml:space="preserve">一出<name type="place" xml:id="N4020E5-01">山西</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4020E5-02">解池</name>，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.073B" n="六八b"/> <s xml:id="N4020EA" xml:space="preserve">供<name type="place" xml:id="N4020EA-01">晉</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4020ED" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4020ED-01">豫</name>諸郡縣。</s> <s xml:id="N4020F0" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4020F0-01">解池</name>界<name type="place" xml:id="N4020F0-02">安邑</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4020F3" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4020F3-01">猗氏</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4020F6" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4020F6-01">臨晉</name>之間，</s> <s xml:id="N4020F9" xml:space="preserve">其池外有<lb/>城堞，</s> <s xml:id="N4020FC" xml:space="preserve">周遭禁御。</s> <s xml:id="N4020FF" xml:space="preserve">池水深聚處，</s> <s xml:id="N402102" xml:space="preserve">其色緑沉。</s> <s xml:id="N402105" xml:space="preserve">土人種鹽者池<lb/>傍耕地爲畦隴，</s> <s xml:id="N402108" xml:space="preserve">引清水入所耕畦中，</s> <s xml:id="N40210B" xml:space="preserve">忌濁水，</s> <s xml:id="N40210E" xml:space="preserve">參入<g type="V">即</g>淤<lb/>澱鹽脈。</s> <s xml:id="N402111" xml:space="preserve">凡引水種鹽，</s> <s xml:id="N402114" xml:space="preserve">春間<g type="V">即</g>爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N402117" xml:space="preserve">久則水成赤色。</s> <s xml:id="N40211A" xml:space="preserve">待夏<lb/>秋之交，</s> <s xml:id="N40211D" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40211D-01">南</name>風大起，</s> <s xml:id="N402120" xml:space="preserve">則一宵結成，</s> <s xml:id="N402123" xml:space="preserve">名曰顆鹽，</s> <s xml:id="N402126" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>古志所謂<lb/>大鹽也。</s> <s xml:id="N402129" xml:space="preserve">以海水煎者細碎，</s> <s xml:id="N40212C" xml:space="preserve">而此成粒顆，</s> <s xml:id="N40212F" xml:space="preserve">故得大名。</s> <s xml:id="N402132" xml:space="preserve">其鹽<lb/>凝結之後，</s> <s xml:id="N402135" xml:space="preserve">掃起<g type="V">即</g>成食味。</s> <s xml:id="N402138" xml:space="preserve">種鹽之人，</s> <s xml:id="N40213B" xml:space="preserve">積掃一石交官，</s> <s xml:id="N40213E" xml:space="preserve">得<lb/>錢數十文而已。</s> <s xml:id="N402141" xml:space="preserve">其<name type="place" xml:id="N402141-01">海豐</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N402144" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402144-01">深州</name>引海水入<name type="place" xml:id="N402144-02">池</name>晒成者，</s> <s xml:id="N402147" xml:space="preserve">凝結<lb/>之時掃食不加人力，</s> <s xml:id="N40214A" xml:space="preserve">與解鹽同。</s> <s xml:id="N40214D" xml:space="preserve">但成鹽時日，</s> <s xml:id="N402150" xml:space="preserve">與不藉<name type="place" xml:id="N402150-01">南</name> <pb facs="X06.01.074A" n="六九a"/> 風則大異也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d013098" type="section"> <head xml:id="N402158" xml:space="preserve">井鹽</head> <p xml:id="N40215B"> <s xml:id="N40215D" xml:space="preserve">凡<name type="place" xml:id="N40215D-01">滇</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N402160" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402160-01">蜀</name>兩少遠離海濱，</s> <s xml:id="N402163" xml:space="preserve">舟車艱通，</s> <s xml:id="N402166" xml:space="preserve">形勢高上，</s> <s xml:id="N402169" xml:space="preserve">其咸脈<g type="V">即</g><lb/>韞藏地中。</s> <s xml:id="N40216C" xml:space="preserve">凡<name type="place" xml:id="N40216C-01">蜀</name>中石山去河不遠者，</s> <s xml:id="N40216F" xml:space="preserve">多可造井取鹽。</s> <s xml:id="N402172" xml:space="preserve">鹽<lb/>井周圍不過數寸，</s> <s xml:id="N402175" xml:space="preserve">其上口一小盂覆之有餘，</s> <s xml:id="N402178" xml:space="preserve">深必十丈<lb/>以外乃得鹵性，</s> <s xml:id="N40217B" xml:space="preserve">故造井功費甚難。</s> <s xml:id="N40217E" xml:space="preserve">其器冶鐵錐，</s> <s xml:id="N402181" xml:space="preserve">如碓嘴<lb/>形，</s> <s xml:id="N402184" xml:space="preserve">其尖使極剛利，</s> <s xml:id="N402187" xml:space="preserve">向石山舂鑿成孔。</s> <s xml:id="N40218A" xml:space="preserve">其身破竹纏繩，</s> <s xml:id="N40218D" xml:space="preserve">夾<lb/>懸此錐。</s> <s xml:id="N402190" xml:space="preserve">每舂深入數尺，</s> <s xml:id="N402193" xml:space="preserve">則又以竹接其身使引而長。</s> <s xml:id="N402196" xml:space="preserve">初<lb/>入丈許，</s> <s xml:id="N402199" xml:space="preserve">或以足踏錐梢，</s> <s xml:id="N40219C" xml:space="preserve">如舂米形。</s> <s xml:id="N40219F" xml:space="preserve">太深則用手捧持頓 <pb facs="X06.01.074B" n="六九b"/> 下，</s> <s xml:id="N4021A5" xml:space="preserve">所舂石成碎粉，</s> <s xml:id="N4021A8" xml:space="preserve">隨以長竹接引，</s> <s xml:id="N4021AB" xml:space="preserve">懸鐵盞挖之而上。</s> <s xml:id="N4021AE" xml:space="preserve">大<lb/>抵深者半載，</s> <s xml:id="N4021B1" xml:space="preserve">淺者月餘，</s> <s xml:id="N4021B4" xml:space="preserve">乃得一井成就。</s> <s xml:id="N4021B7" xml:space="preserve">盖井中空闊，</s> <s xml:id="N4021BA" xml:space="preserve">則<lb/>鹵氣游散，</s> <s xml:id="N4021BD" xml:space="preserve">不克結鹽故也。</s> <s xml:id="N4021C0" xml:space="preserve">井及泉後，</s> <s xml:id="N4021C3" xml:space="preserve">擇美竹長丈者，</s> <s xml:id="N4021C6" xml:space="preserve">鑿<lb/>淨其中節，</s> <s xml:id="N4021C9" xml:space="preserve">留底不去，</s> <s xml:id="N4021CC" xml:space="preserve">其喉下安消息，</s> <s xml:id="N4021CF" xml:space="preserve">吸水入筒，</s> <s xml:id="N4021D2" xml:space="preserve">用長<g type="R">縆</g><lb/>繋竹沉下，</s> <s xml:id="N4021D5" xml:space="preserve">其中水滿。</s> <s xml:id="N4021D8" xml:space="preserve">井上懸桔槔、</s> <s xml:id="N4021DB" xml:space="preserve">轆轤諸具，</s> <s xml:id="N4021DE" xml:space="preserve">制盤駕牛。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4021E1" xml:space="preserve">牛曳盤轉，</s> <s xml:id="N4021E4" xml:space="preserve">轆轤絞<g type="R">縆</g>，</s> <s xml:id="N4021E7" xml:space="preserve">汲水而上。</s> <s xml:id="N4021EA" xml:space="preserve">入于釜中煎煉，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d013294"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4021ED" xml:space="preserve">只用中釜，</s> <s xml:id="N4021F0" xml:space="preserve">不用<lb/>牢盆。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4021F3" xml:space="preserve">頃刻結鹽，</s> <s xml:id="N4021F6" xml:space="preserve">色成至白。</s> <s xml:id="N4021F9" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4021F9-01">西川</name>有火井，</s> <s xml:id="N4021FC" xml:space="preserve">事竒甚。</s> <s xml:id="N4021FF" xml:space="preserve">其井居然<lb/>冷水，</s> <s xml:id="N402202" xml:space="preserve">絕無火氣，</s> <s xml:id="N402205" xml:space="preserve">但以長竹剖開去節合縫漆布，</s> <s xml:id="N402208" xml:space="preserve">一頭插<lb/>入井底，</s> <s xml:id="N40220B" xml:space="preserve">其上曲接，</s> <s xml:id="N40220E" xml:space="preserve">以口緊對釜臍，</s> <s xml:id="N402211" xml:space="preserve">注鹵水釜中。</s> <s xml:id="N402214" xml:space="preserve">只見火 <pb facs="X06.01.075A" n="七十a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.075A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.075A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.075B" n="七十b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.075B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.075B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.076A" n="七一a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.076A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.076A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.076B" n="七一b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.076B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.076B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.076B-02a" corresp="fig-X06.01.076B-02" type="figureAnchor"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.076B-03a" 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xml:space="preserve">佈灰種鹽</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013436" xml:space="preserve">日中掃鹽</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013439" xml:space="preserve">潮墩</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013442" xml:space="preserve">先日撒灰</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013446" xml:space="preserve">草蕩</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d013450" corresp="fig-X06.01.075B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.075B-01"/> <head xml:id="d013455" xml:space="preserve">淋水先入淺坑</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013458" xml:space="preserve">淺坑</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013461" xml:space="preserve">深坑</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d013465" corresp="fig-X06.01.076A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.076A-01"/> <head xml:id="d013470" xml:space="preserve">海鹵煎煉</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013473" xml:space="preserve">牢盆</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d013477" corresp="fig-X06.01.076B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.076B-01"/> <head xml:id="d013482" xml:space="preserve">蜀省井鹽</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013485" xml:space="preserve">小河</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013488" xml:space="preserve">小河</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d013492" corresp="fig-X06.01.076B-02a"> <graphic url="X06.01.076B-02"/> <head xml:id="d013499" xml:space="preserve">鑿井圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013502" xml:space="preserve">竹身</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013505" xml:space="preserve">利鈇</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d013510" corresp="fig-X06.01.076B-03a"> <graphic url="X06.01.076B-03"/> <head xml:id="d013517" xml:space="preserve">無火井處<lb/>煬<g type="V">龜</g>燃薪</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013525" xml:space="preserve">井鹵</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013528" xml:space="preserve">曲竹</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013532" xml:space="preserve">火井</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013535" xml:space="preserve">小河</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d013539" corresp="fig-X06.01.077A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.077A-01"/> <head xml:id="d013544" xml:space="preserve">轉繩汲井放同<lb/>下井牛則左旋</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013549" xml:space="preserve">竹同長丈</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013552" xml:space="preserve">井</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d013556" corresp="fig-X06.01.077B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.077B-01"/> <head xml:id="d013561" xml:space="preserve">池鹽</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013564" xml:space="preserve">南風<lb/>結熟</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d013569" xml:space="preserve">引水入畦</ab> </figure> </div> </body> </floatingText> </div> <div xml:id="d013575" type="section"> <head xml:id="N402231" xml:space="preserve">末鹽</head> <p xml:id="N402234"> <s xml:id="N402236" xml:space="preserve">凡地鹼煎鹽，</s> <s xml:id="N402239" xml:space="preserve">除<name type="place" xml:id="N402239-01">并州</name>末鹽外，</s> <s xml:id="N40223C" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40223C-01">長蘆</name>分司地土人，</s> <s xml:id="N40223F" xml:space="preserve">亦有刮<lb/>削煎成者，</s> <s xml:id="N402242" xml:space="preserve">帶雜黑色，</s> <s xml:id="N402245" xml:space="preserve">味不甚佳。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d013612" type="section"> <head xml:id="N402248" xml:space="preserve">崖鹽</head> <p xml:id="d013617"> <s xml:id="N40224B" xml:space="preserve">凡<name type="place" xml:id="N40224B-01">西省</name><name type="place" xml:id="N40224B-02">階</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40224E" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40224E-01">鳳</name>等州邑，</s> <s xml:id="N402251" xml:space="preserve">海井交窮，</s> <s xml:id="N402254" xml:space="preserve">其岩穴自生鹽，</s> <s xml:id="N402257" xml:space="preserve">色如紅<lb/>士，</s> <s xml:id="N40225A" xml:space="preserve">恣人刮取，</s> <s xml:id="N40225D" xml:space="preserve">不假煎煉。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.078B" n="七三b"/> <pb facs="X06.01.079A" n="七四a"/> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d013657" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N402264" xml:space="preserve">甘嗜第六卷</head> <p xml:id="N402267"> <s xml:id="N402269" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N40226C" xml:space="preserve">氣至于芳，</s> <s xml:id="N40226F" xml:space="preserve">色至于靘，</s> <s xml:id="N402272" xml:space="preserve">味至于甘，</s> <s xml:id="N402275" xml:space="preserve">人之大欲存焉。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402278" xml:space="preserve">芳而烈，</s> <s xml:id="N40227B" xml:space="preserve">靘而艷，</s> <s xml:id="N40227E" xml:space="preserve">甘而甜，</s> <s xml:id="N402281" xml:space="preserve">則造物有尤異之思矣。</s> <s xml:id="N402284" xml:space="preserve">世間作<lb/>甘之味什八產于草木，</s> <s xml:id="N402287" xml:space="preserve">而飛蟲竭力爭衡，</s> <s xml:id="N40228A" xml:space="preserve">採取百花釀<lb/>成佳味，</s> <s xml:id="N40228D" xml:space="preserve">使草木無全功。</s> <s xml:id="N402290" xml:space="preserve">孰主張是，</s> <s xml:id="N402293" xml:space="preserve">而頤養遍于天下哉？<lb/></s> </p> <div xml:id="d013720" type="section"> <head xml:id="N402298" xml:space="preserve">蔗種</head> <p xml:id="N40229B"> <s xml:id="N40229D" xml:space="preserve">凡甘蔗有二種，</s> <s xml:id="N4022A0" xml:space="preserve">產繁<name type="place" xml:id="N4022A0-01">閩</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4022A3" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4022A3-01">廣</name>間，</s> <s xml:id="N4022A6" xml:space="preserve">他方合併得其什一而已。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4022A9" xml:space="preserve">似竹而大者爲果蔗，</s> <s xml:id="N4022AC" xml:space="preserve">截斷生啖，</s> <s xml:id="N4022AF" xml:space="preserve">取汁適口，</s> <s xml:id="N4022B2" xml:space="preserve">不可以造糖。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4022B5" xml:space="preserve">似荻而小者爲糖蔗，</s> <s xml:id="N4022B8" xml:space="preserve">口啖<g type="V">即</g>棘傷唇舌，</s> <s xml:id="N4022BB" xml:space="preserve">人不敢食，</s> <s xml:id="N4022BE" xml:space="preserve">白霜、</s> <pb facs="X06.01.079B" n="七四b"/> <s xml:id="N4022C3" xml:space="preserve">紅砂皆從此出。</s> <s xml:id="N4022C6" xml:space="preserve">凡蔗古來<name type="place" xml:id="N4022C6-01">中國</name>不知造糖，</s> <s xml:id="N4022C9" xml:space="preserve">唐大曆間，</s> <s xml:id="N4022CC" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4022CC-01">西<lb/>僧鄒</name>和尚游<name type="place" xml:id="N4022CC-02">蜀</name>中<name type="place" xml:id="N4022CC-03">遂寧</name>始傳其法。</s> <s xml:id="N4022CF" xml:space="preserve">今蜀中種盛，</s> <s xml:id="N4022D2" xml:space="preserve">亦自西<lb/>域漸來也。</s> <s xml:id="N4022D5" xml:space="preserve">凡種荻蔗，</s> <s xml:id="N4022D8" xml:space="preserve">冬初霜將至將蔗砍伐，</s> <s xml:id="N4022DB" xml:space="preserve">去杪與根，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4022DE" xml:space="preserve">埋藏土內。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d013827"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4022E1" xml:space="preserve">土忌窪聚水濕處。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4022E4" xml:space="preserve">雨水前五六日，</s> <s xml:id="N4022E7" xml:space="preserve">天色晴明<g type="V">即</g>開出，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4022EA" xml:space="preserve">去外壳，</s> <s xml:id="N4022ED" xml:space="preserve">砍斷約五六寸長，</s> <s xml:id="N4022F0" xml:space="preserve">以兩個節爲率。</s> <s xml:id="N4022F3" xml:space="preserve">密布地上，</s> <s xml:id="N4022F6" xml:space="preserve">微<lb/>以土掩之，</s> <s xml:id="N4022F9" xml:space="preserve">頭尾相枕，</s> <s xml:id="N4022FC" xml:space="preserve">若魚鱗然。</s> <s xml:id="N4022FF" xml:space="preserve">兩芽平放，</s> <s xml:id="N402302" xml:space="preserve">不得一上一<lb/>下，</s> <s xml:id="N402305" xml:space="preserve">致芽向土難發。</s> <s xml:id="N402308" xml:space="preserve">芽長一二寸，</s> <s xml:id="N40230B" xml:space="preserve">頻以清糞水澆之，</s> <s xml:id="N40230E" xml:space="preserve">俟長<lb/>六七寸，</s> <s xml:id="N402311" xml:space="preserve">鋤起分栽。</s> <s xml:id="N402314" xml:space="preserve">凡栽蔗必用夾沙土，</s> <s xml:id="N402317" xml:space="preserve">河濱洲土爲第<lb/>一。</s> <s xml:id="N402320" xml:space="preserve">試驗土色，</s> <s xml:id="N402323" xml:space="preserve">掘坑尺五許，</s> <s xml:id="N402326" xml:space="preserve">將沙土入口嘗味，</s> <s xml:id="N402329" xml:space="preserve">味苦者不 <pb facs="X06.01.080A" n="七五a"/> 可栽蔗。</s> <s xml:id="N40232F" xml:space="preserve">凡洲土近深山上流河濱者，</s> <s xml:id="N402332" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>土味甘，</s> <s xml:id="N402335" xml:space="preserve">亦不可<lb/>種。</s> <s xml:id="N402338" xml:space="preserve">盖山氣凝寒，</s> <s xml:id="N40233B" xml:space="preserve">則他日糖味亦焦苦。</s> <s xml:id="N40233E" xml:space="preserve">去山四五十里，</s> <s xml:id="N402341" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402341-01">平<lb/>陽洲土</name>擇佳而爲之。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d013955"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402344" xml:space="preserve">黃泥腳地毫不可爲。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402347" xml:space="preserve">凡栽蔗治畦，</s> <s xml:id="N40234A" xml:space="preserve">行闊四尺，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40234D" xml:space="preserve">梨溝深四寸。</s> <s xml:id="N402350" xml:space="preserve">蔗栽溝內，</s> <s xml:id="N402353" xml:space="preserve">約七尺列三叢，</s> <s xml:id="N402356" xml:space="preserve">掩土寸許，</s> <s xml:id="N402359" xml:space="preserve">土太<lb/>厚則芽發稀少也。</s> <s xml:id="N40235C" xml:space="preserve">芽發三四個或六七個時，</s> <s xml:id="N40235F" xml:space="preserve">漸漸下土，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402362" xml:space="preserve">遇鋤耨時加之。</s> <s xml:id="N402365" xml:space="preserve">加土漸厚，</s> <s xml:id="N402368" xml:space="preserve">則身長根深，</s> <s xml:id="N40236B" xml:space="preserve">庶免欹倒之患。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40236E" xml:space="preserve">凡鋤耨不厭勤過，</s> <s xml:id="N402371" xml:space="preserve">澆糞多少視土地肥磽。</s> <s xml:id="N402374" xml:space="preserve">長至一二尺，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402377" xml:space="preserve">則將胡麻或靶苔枯浸和水灌，</s> <s xml:id="N40237A" xml:space="preserve">灌肥欲施行內。</s> <s xml:id="N40237D" xml:space="preserve">高二三<lb/>尺則用牛進行內耕之。</s> <s xml:id="N402380" xml:space="preserve">半月一耕，</s> <s xml:id="N402383" xml:space="preserve">用犁一次墾土斷傍 <pb facs="X06.01.080B" n="七五b"/> 根，</s> <s xml:id="N402389" xml:space="preserve">一次掩土培根，</s> <s xml:id="N40238C" xml:space="preserve">九月初培土護根，</s> <s xml:id="N40238F" xml:space="preserve">以防砍後霜雪。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d014057" type="section"> <head xml:id="N402392" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">蔗</g>品</head> <p xml:id="d014064"> <s xml:id="N402395" xml:space="preserve">凡荻<g type="V">蔗</g>造糖，</s> <s xml:id="N402398" xml:space="preserve">有凝冰、</s> <s xml:id="N40239B" xml:space="preserve">白霜、</s> <s xml:id="N40239E" xml:space="preserve">紅砂三品。</s> <s xml:id="N4023A1" xml:space="preserve">糖品之分，</s> <s xml:id="N4023A4" xml:space="preserve">分于<g type="V">蔗</g><lb/>漿之老嫩。</s> <s xml:id="N4023A7" xml:space="preserve">凡蔗性至秋漸轉紅黑色，</s> <s xml:id="N4023AA" xml:space="preserve">科至以後由紅轉<lb/>褐，</s> <s xml:id="N4023AD" xml:space="preserve">以成至白。</s> <s xml:id="N4023B0" xml:space="preserve">五嶺以南無霜國土，</s> <s xml:id="N4023B3" xml:space="preserve">蓄<g type="V">蔗</g>不伐以取糖霜。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4023B6" xml:space="preserve">若韶、</s> <s xml:id="N4023B9" xml:space="preserve">雄以化十月霜侵，</s> <s xml:id="N4023BC" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">蔗</g>質遇霜<g type="V">即</g>殺，</s> <s xml:id="N4023BF" xml:space="preserve">其身不能久待<lb/>以成白色，</s> <s xml:id="N4023C2" xml:space="preserve">故速伐以取紅糖也。</s> <s xml:id="N4023C5" xml:space="preserve">凡取紅糖，</s> <s xml:id="N4023C8" xml:space="preserve">窮十日之力<lb/>而爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N4023CB" xml:space="preserve">十日以前其漿尚未滿足，</s> <s xml:id="N4023CE" xml:space="preserve">十日以後恐霜氣逼<lb/>侵，</s> <s xml:id="N4023D1" xml:space="preserve">前功盡棄。</s> <s xml:id="N4023D4" xml:space="preserve">故種蔗十畝之家，</s> <s xml:id="N4023D7" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>制車釜一付以供急 <pb facs="X06.01.081A" n="七六a"/> 用。</s> <s xml:id="N4023DD" xml:space="preserve">若廣南無霜，</s> <s xml:id="N4023E0" xml:space="preserve">遲早惟人也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d014176" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4023E5" xml:space="preserve">造糖 <hi rend="small">具圖</hi></head> <p xml:id="N4023E8"> <s xml:id="N4023EA" xml:space="preserve">凡造糖車，</s> <s xml:id="N4023ED" xml:space="preserve">制用橫板二片，</s> <s xml:id="N4023F0" xml:space="preserve">長五尺，</s> <s xml:id="N4023F3" xml:space="preserve">厚五寸，</s> <s xml:id="N4023F6" xml:space="preserve">闊二尺，</s> <s xml:id="N4023F9" xml:space="preserve">兩頭<lb/>鑿眼安柱，</s> <s xml:id="N4023FC" xml:space="preserve">上筍出少許，</s> <s xml:id="N4023FF" xml:space="preserve">下筍出板二三尺，</s> <s xml:id="N402402" xml:space="preserve">埋築土內，</s> <s xml:id="N402405" xml:space="preserve">使<lb/>安穩不搖。</s> <s xml:id="N402408" xml:space="preserve">上板中鑿二眼，</s> <s xml:id="N40240B" xml:space="preserve">並列巨軸兩根，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d014229"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40240E" xml:space="preserve">木用至堅重者。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402411" xml:space="preserve">軸木<lb/>大七尺圍方妙。</s> <s xml:id="N402414" xml:space="preserve">兩軸一長三尺，</s> <s xml:id="N402417" xml:space="preserve">一長四尺五寸，</s> <s xml:id="N40241A" xml:space="preserve">其長者<lb/>出筍安犁擔。</s> <s xml:id="N40241D" xml:space="preserve">擔用屈木，</s> <s xml:id="N402420" xml:space="preserve">長一丈五尺，</s> <s xml:id="N402423" xml:space="preserve">以便駕牛團轉走。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402426" xml:space="preserve">軸上鑿齒分配雌雄，</s> <s xml:id="N402429" xml:space="preserve">其合縫處須直而圓，</s> <s xml:id="N40242C" xml:space="preserve">圓而縫合。</s> <s xml:id="N40242F" xml:space="preserve">夾<lb/>蔗于中，</s> <s xml:id="N402432" xml:space="preserve">一軋而過，</s> <s xml:id="N402435" xml:space="preserve">與棉花趕車同義。</s> <s xml:id="N402438" xml:space="preserve">蔗過漿流，</s> <s xml:id="N40243B" xml:space="preserve">再拾其 <pb facs="X06.01.081B" n="七六b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.081B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.081B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.082A" n="七七a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.082A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.082A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.082B" n="七七b"/> 滓，</s> <s xml:id="N402441" xml:space="preserve">向軸上鴨嘴及入，</s> <s xml:id="N402444" xml:space="preserve">再軋，</s> <s xml:id="N402447" xml:space="preserve">又三軋之，</s> <s xml:id="N40244A" xml:space="preserve">其汁盡矣，</s> <s xml:id="N40244D" xml:space="preserve">其滓爲<lb/>薪。</s> <s xml:id="N402450" xml:space="preserve">其下板承軸，</s> <s xml:id="N402453" xml:space="preserve">鑿眼，</s> <s xml:id="N402456" xml:space="preserve">只深一寸五分，</s> <s xml:id="N402459" xml:space="preserve">使軸腳不穿透，</s> <s xml:id="N40245C" xml:space="preserve">以<lb/>便板上受汁也。</s> <s xml:id="N40245F" xml:space="preserve">其軸腳嵌安鐵錠于中，</s> <s xml:id="N402462" xml:space="preserve">以便捩轉。</s> <s xml:id="N402465" xml:space="preserve">凡汁<lb/>漿流板有槽，</s> <s xml:id="N402468" xml:space="preserve">見汁入于缸內。</s> <s xml:id="N40246B" xml:space="preserve">每汁一石下石灰五合于<lb/>中。</s> <s xml:id="N40246E" xml:space="preserve">凡取汁煎糖，</s> <s xml:id="N402471" xml:space="preserve">並列三鍋如“品”字，</s> <s xml:id="N402474" xml:space="preserve">先將稠汁聚人一鍋，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402477" xml:space="preserve">然後逐加稀汁兩鍋之內。</s> <s xml:id="N40247A" xml:space="preserve">若火力少束薪，</s> <s xml:id="N40247D" xml:space="preserve">其糖，</s> <s xml:id="N402480" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>成頑<lb/>糖，</s> <s xml:id="N402483" xml:space="preserve">起沫不中用。</s> </p> <floatingText> <body> <div type="float" xml:id="d014394"> <figure xml:id="d014396" corresp="fig-X06.01.081B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.081B-01"/> <head xml:id="d014401" xml:space="preserve">軋蔗取漿圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d014404" xml:space="preserve">犁檐</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d014408" corresp="fig-X06.01.082A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.082A-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d014413" xml:space="preserve">出筍</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d014416" xml:space="preserve">鴨嘴</ab> </figure> </div> </body> </floatingText> </div> <div xml:id="d014422" type="section"> <head xml:id="N402488" xml:space="preserve">造白糖</head> <p xml:id="N40248B"> <s xml:id="N40248D" xml:space="preserve">凡閩、</s> <s xml:id="N402490" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402490-01">廣南方</name>經冬老蔗，</s> <s xml:id="N402493" xml:space="preserve">用車同前法。</s> <s xml:id="N402496" xml:space="preserve">榨汁入缸，</s> <s xml:id="N402499" xml:space="preserve">看水花 <pb facs="X06.01.083A" n="七八a"/> 爲火色。</s> <s xml:id="N40249F" xml:space="preserve">其花煎至細嫩，</s> <s xml:id="N4024A2" xml:space="preserve">如煮羹沸，</s> <s xml:id="N4024A5" xml:space="preserve">以手捻試，</s> <s xml:id="N4024A8" xml:space="preserve">粘手則信<lb/>來矣。</s> <s xml:id="N4024AB" xml:space="preserve">此時尚黃黑色，</s> <s xml:id="N4024AE" xml:space="preserve">將桶盛貯，</s> <s xml:id="N4024B1" xml:space="preserve">凝成黑沙。</s> <s xml:id="N4024B4" xml:space="preserve">然後以瓦溜<lb/></s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d014481"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d014486" xml:space="preserve">教陶家燒造</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d014497" xml:space="preserve">置缸上。</s> <s xml:id="N4024B7" xml:space="preserve">共溜上寬下尖，</s> <s xml:id="N4024BA" xml:space="preserve">底有一小孔，</s> <s xml:id="N4024BD" xml:space="preserve">將草塞住，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4024C0" xml:space="preserve">傾桶中黑沙于內。</s> <s xml:id="N4024C3" xml:space="preserve">待黑沙結定，</s> <s xml:id="N4024C6" xml:space="preserve">然後去孔中塞草，</s> <s xml:id="N4024C9" xml:space="preserve">用黃<lb/>泥水淋下。</s> <s xml:id="N4024CC" xml:space="preserve">其中黑滓入缸內，</s> <s xml:id="N4024CF" xml:space="preserve">溜內盡成白霜。</s> <s xml:id="N4024D2" xml:space="preserve">最上一層<lb/>厚五寸許，</s> <s xml:id="N4024D5" xml:space="preserve">潔白異常，</s> <s xml:id="N4024D8" xml:space="preserve">名曰洋糖，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d014543"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4024DB" xml:space="preserve">西洋糖絕白美，</s> <s xml:id="N4024DE" xml:space="preserve">故名，</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4024E1" xml:space="preserve">下者稍黃褐。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4024E4" xml:space="preserve">造冰糖者將洋糖煎化，</s> <s xml:id="N4024E7" xml:space="preserve">蛋青澄去浮滓，</s> <s xml:id="N4024EA" xml:space="preserve">候視火色。</s> <s xml:id="N4024ED" xml:space="preserve">將新<lb/>青竹破成篾片，</s> <s xml:id="N4024F0" xml:space="preserve">寸斬撒入其中。</s> <s xml:id="N4024F3" xml:space="preserve">經過一宵，</s> <s xml:id="N4024F6" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">即</g>成天然冰<lb/>塊。</s> <s xml:id="N4024F9" xml:space="preserve">造獅、</s> <s xml:id="N4024FC" xml:space="preserve">象、</s> <s xml:id="N4024FF" xml:space="preserve">人物等，</s> <s xml:id="N402502" xml:space="preserve">質料精粗由人。</s> <s xml:id="N402505" xml:space="preserve">凡白糖有五品，</s> <s xml:id="N402508" xml:space="preserve">石山<lb/>爲上，</s> <s xml:id="N40250E" xml:space="preserve">團枝次之，</s> <s xml:id="N402511" xml:space="preserve">甕鑒次之，</s> <s xml:id="N402514" xml:space="preserve">小顆又次，</s> <s xml:id="N402517" xml:space="preserve">沙腳爲下。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.083B" n="七八b"/> <figure xml:id="d014631"> <graphic url="X06.01.083B-01"/> <head xml:id="d014636" xml:space="preserve">澄結糖霜瓦器</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d014639" xml:space="preserve">黄泥水</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d014642" xml:space="preserve">瓦溜</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d014645" xml:space="preserve">小孔</ab> </figure> <p xml:id="d014650"> <s xml:id="N402639" xml:space="preserve">凡造獸糖者，</s> <s xml:id="N40263C" xml:space="preserve">每巨釜一口受糧五十斤。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40263F" xml:space="preserve">其下發火慢煎，</s> <s xml:id="N402642" xml:space="preserve">火從一角燒灼，</s> <s xml:id="N402645" xml:space="preserve">則糖頭<lb/>滾旋而起。</s> <s xml:id="N402648" xml:space="preserve">若釜心發火，</s> <s xml:id="N40264B" xml:space="preserve">則盡盡沸溢于<lb/>地。</s> <s xml:id="N40264E" xml:space="preserve">每釜用雞子三個，</s> <s xml:id="N402651" xml:space="preserve">去黃取清，</s> <s xml:id="N402654" xml:space="preserve">入冷水<lb/>五升化解。</s> <s xml:id="N402657" xml:space="preserve">逐匙滴下用火糖頭之上，</s> <s xml:id="N40265A" xml:space="preserve">則<lb/>浮漚黑滓盡起水靣，</s> <s xml:id="N40265D" xml:space="preserve">以笊籬撈去，</s> <s xml:id="N402660" xml:space="preserve">其糖<lb/>清白之甚。</s> <s xml:id="N402663" xml:space="preserve">然後打入銅銚，</s> <s xml:id="N402666" xml:space="preserve">下用自風慢<lb/>火溫之，</s> <s xml:id="N402669" xml:space="preserve">看定火色然後入模。</s> <s xml:id="N40266C" xml:space="preserve">凡獅象糖<lb/>摸，</s> <s xml:id="N40266F" xml:space="preserve">兩合如瓦爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N402672" xml:space="preserve">杓寫糖入，</s> <s xml:id="N402675" xml:space="preserve">隨手覆轉<lb/>傾下。</s> <s xml:id="N402678" xml:space="preserve">模冷糖燒，</s> <s xml:id="N40267B" xml:space="preserve">自有糖一膜靠模疑結，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40267E" xml:space="preserve">名曰享糖，</s> <s xml:id="N402681" xml:space="preserve">華筵用之。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.084A" n="七九a"/> </div> <div xml:id="d014753" type="section"> <head xml:id="N40255E" xml:space="preserve">峰蜜</head> <p xml:id="d014760"> <s xml:id="N402563" xml:space="preserve">凡釀蜜蜂普天皆有，</s> <s xml:id="N402566" xml:space="preserve">唯蔗盛之鄉則蜜蜂自然減少。</s> <s xml:id="N402569" xml:space="preserve">蜂<lb/>造之蜜出山岩土穴者十居其八，</s> <s xml:id="N40256C" xml:space="preserve">而人家招蜂造釀而<lb/>割取者，</s> <s xml:id="N40256F" xml:space="preserve">十居其二也。</s> <s xml:id="N402572" xml:space="preserve">凡蜜無定色，</s> <s xml:id="N402575" xml:space="preserve">或青或白，</s> <s xml:id="N402578" xml:space="preserve">或黃或褐，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40257B" xml:space="preserve">皆隨方土花性而變。</s> <s xml:id="N40257E" xml:space="preserve">如菜花蜜、</s> <s xml:id="N402581" xml:space="preserve">禾花蜜之類，</s> <s xml:id="N402584" xml:space="preserve">百千其名<lb/>不止也。</s> <s xml:id="N402587" xml:space="preserve">凡蜂不論于家于野，</s> <s xml:id="N40258A" xml:space="preserve">皆有蜂王。</s> <s xml:id="N40258D" xml:space="preserve">王之所居造一<lb/>台如桃大，</s> <s xml:id="N402590" xml:space="preserve">王之子世爲王。</s> <s xml:id="N402593" xml:space="preserve">王生而不採花，</s> <s xml:id="N402596" xml:space="preserve">每日群蜂輪<lb/>值，</s> <s xml:id="N402599" xml:space="preserve">分班採花供王。</s> <s xml:id="N40259C" xml:space="preserve">王每日出游兩度，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d014836"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40259F" xml:space="preserve">春夏造蜜時。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4025A2" xml:space="preserve">游則八蜂 <pb facs="X06.01.084B" n="七九b"/> 輪值以待。</s> <s xml:id="N4025A8" xml:space="preserve">蜂王自至孔隙口，</s> <s xml:id="N4025AB" xml:space="preserve">四蜂以頭頂腹，</s> <s xml:id="N4025AE" xml:space="preserve">四蜂傍翼<lb/>飛翔而去，</s> <s xml:id="N4025B1" xml:space="preserve">游數刻而返，</s> <s xml:id="N4025B4" xml:space="preserve">翼頂如前。</s> <s xml:id="N4025B7" xml:space="preserve">畜家蜂者或懸桶簷<lb/>端，</s> <s xml:id="N4025BA" xml:space="preserve">或置箱牖下，</s> <s xml:id="N4025BD" xml:space="preserve">皆錐圓孔眼數十，</s> <s xml:id="N4025C0" xml:space="preserve">俟其進入。</s> <s xml:id="N4025C3" xml:space="preserve">凡家人殺<lb/>一蜂二蜂皆無恙，</s> <s xml:id="N4025C6" xml:space="preserve">殺至三蜂則群起螫人，</s> <s xml:id="N4025C9" xml:space="preserve">謂之蜂反。</s> <s xml:id="N4025CC" xml:space="preserve">凡<lb/>蝙蝠最喜食蜂，</s> <s xml:id="N4025CF" xml:space="preserve">投隙人中，</s> <s xml:id="N4025D2" xml:space="preserve">吞噬無限。</s> <s xml:id="N4025D5" xml:space="preserve">殺一蝙蝠懸于蜂<lb/>前，</s> <s xml:id="N4025D8" xml:space="preserve">則不敢食，</s> <s xml:id="N4025DB" xml:space="preserve">俗謂之梟令。</s> <s xml:id="N4025DE" xml:space="preserve">凡家畜蜂，</s> <s xml:id="N4025E1" xml:space="preserve">東鄰分而之西舍，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4025E4" xml:space="preserve">必分王之子去而爲君，</s> <s xml:id="N4025E7" xml:space="preserve">去時如鋪扇擁衛。</s> <s xml:id="N4025EA" xml:space="preserve">鄉人有撒酒<lb/>糟香而招之者。</s> <s xml:id="N4025ED" xml:space="preserve">凡蜂釀蜜，</s> <s xml:id="N4025F0" xml:space="preserve">造成蜜脾，</s> <s xml:id="N4025F3" xml:space="preserve">其形鬣鬣然，</s> <s xml:id="N4025F6" xml:space="preserve">咀嚼<lb/>花心汁吐積而成。</s> <s xml:id="N4025F9" xml:space="preserve">潤以人小遺，</s> <s xml:id="N4025FC" xml:space="preserve">則甘芳並至，</s> <s xml:id="N4025FF" xml:space="preserve">所謂臭腐 <pb facs="X06.01.085A" n="八十a"/> 神竒也。</s> <s xml:id="N402605" xml:space="preserve">凡割脾取蜜，</s> <s xml:id="N402608" xml:space="preserve">蜂子多死其中。</s> <s xml:id="N40260B" xml:space="preserve">其底則爲黃蠟。</s> <s xml:id="N40260E" xml:space="preserve">凡<lb/>深山崖石上有經數載未割者，</s> <s xml:id="N402611" xml:space="preserve">其蜜已經時自熟，</s> <s xml:id="N402614" xml:space="preserve">土人<lb/>以長竿刺取，</s> <s xml:id="N402617" xml:space="preserve">蜜<g type="V">即</g>流下。</s> <s xml:id="N40261A" xml:space="preserve">或未經年而扳緣可取者，</s> <s xml:id="N40261D" xml:space="preserve">割錬<lb/>與家蜜同也。</s> <s xml:id="N402620" xml:space="preserve">土穴所釀多出北方，</s> <s xml:id="N402623" xml:space="preserve">南方卑濕，</s> <s xml:id="N402626" xml:space="preserve">有崖蜜而<lb/>無穴蜜。</s> <s xml:id="N402629" xml:space="preserve">凡蜜脾一斤煉取十二兩。</s> <s xml:id="N40262C" xml:space="preserve">西北半天下。</s> <s xml:id="N40262F" xml:space="preserve">盖與蔗<lb/>漿分勝云。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d015030" type="section"> <head xml:id="d015032" xml:space="preserve">飴餳</head> <p xml:id="d015035"> <s xml:id="N40251A" xml:space="preserve">凡飴餳，</s> <s xml:id="N40251D" xml:space="preserve">稻、</s> <s xml:id="N402520" xml:space="preserve">麥、</s> <s xml:id="N402523" xml:space="preserve">黍、</s> <s xml:id="N402526" xml:space="preserve">粟皆可爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N402529" xml:space="preserve">《洪範》云：</s> <s xml:id="N40252C" xml:space="preserve">“稼穡作甘。”</s> <s xml:id="N40252F" xml:space="preserve">及此乃<lb/>窮其理。</s> <s xml:id="N402532" xml:space="preserve">其法用稻麥之類浸濕，</s> <s xml:id="N402535" xml:space="preserve">生芽暴乾，</s> <s xml:id="N402538" xml:space="preserve">然後煎煉調 <pb facs="X06.01.085B" n="八十b"/> 化而成。</s> <s xml:id="N40253B" xml:space="preserve">色以白者爲上，</s> <s xml:id="N40253E" xml:space="preserve">赤色者名曰膠飴，</s> <s xml:id="N402541" xml:space="preserve">一時宮中尚<lb/>之，</s> <s xml:id="N402544" xml:space="preserve">含于口內<g type="V">即</g>溶化，</s> <s xml:id="N402547" xml:space="preserve">形如琥珀。</s> <s xml:id="N40254A" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40254A-01">南方</name>造餅餌者謂飴餳<lb/>爲小糖，</s> <s xml:id="N40254D" xml:space="preserve">盖對蔗漿而得名也。</s> <s xml:id="N402550" xml:space="preserve">飴餳人巧千方以供甘旨，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402553" xml:space="preserve">不可枚述。</s> <s xml:id="N402556" xml:space="preserve">惟尚方用者名“一窩絲”，</s> <s xml:id="N402559" xml:space="preserve">或流傳後代不可知<lb/>也。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.086A" n="一a"/> </div> </div> <fw type="footer">天工開物上卷</fw> </div> <div xml:id="d015131" type="part"> <head type="ti" xml:id="d015133" xml:space="preserve">天工開物卷中</head> <div xml:id="d015138" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="d015140" xml:space="preserve">陶埏第七卷</head> <p xml:id="N40268C"> <s xml:id="N40268E" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N402691" xml:space="preserve">水火既濟而土合。</s> <s xml:id="N402694" xml:space="preserve">萬室之國，</s> <s xml:id="N402697" xml:space="preserve">日勤千人而不足，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40269A" xml:space="preserve">民用亦繁矣哉。</s> <s xml:id="N40269D" xml:space="preserve">上棟下室以避風雨，</s> <s xml:id="N4026A0" xml:space="preserve">而瓴建焉。</s> <s xml:id="N4026A3" xml:space="preserve">王公設<lb/>險以守其國，</s> <s xml:id="N4026A6" xml:space="preserve">而城垣雉堞，</s> <s xml:id="N4026A9" xml:space="preserve">寇來不可上矣。</s> <s xml:id="N4026AC" xml:space="preserve">泥甕堅而醴<lb/>酒欲清，</s> <s xml:id="N4026AF" xml:space="preserve">瓦登潔而醯醢以薦。</s> <s xml:id="N4026B2" xml:space="preserve">商周之際俎豆以木爲之，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4026B5" xml:space="preserve">毋亦質重之思耶。</s> <s xml:id="N4026B8" xml:space="preserve">後世方土效靈，</s> <s xml:id="N4026BB" xml:space="preserve">人工表異，</s> <s xml:id="N4026BE" xml:space="preserve">陶成雅器，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4026C1" xml:space="preserve">有素肌玉骨之象焉。</s> <s xml:id="N4026C4" xml:space="preserve">掩映凡筵，</s> <s xml:id="N4026C7" xml:space="preserve">文明可掬，</s> <s xml:id="N4026CA" xml:space="preserve">豈終固哉？</s> </p> <div xml:id="d015219" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4026CF" xml:space="preserve">瓦</head> <pb facs="X06.01.086B" n="一b"/> <p xml:id="N4026D4"> <s xml:id="N4026D6" xml:space="preserve">凡埏泥造瓦，</s> <s xml:id="N4026D9" xml:space="preserve">掘地二尺余，</s> <s xml:id="N4026DC" xml:space="preserve">擇取無沙粘土而爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N4026DF" xml:space="preserve">百里<lb/>之內必產合用土色，</s> <s xml:id="N4026E2" xml:space="preserve">供人居室之用，</s> <s xml:id="N4026E5" xml:space="preserve">凡民居瓦形皆四<lb/>合分片，</s> <s xml:id="N4026E8" xml:space="preserve">先以圓桶爲模骨，</s> <s xml:id="N4026EB" xml:space="preserve">外畫四條界。</s> <s xml:id="N4026EE" xml:space="preserve">調踐熟泥，</s> <s xml:id="N4026F1" xml:space="preserve">疊成<lb/>高長方條。</s> <s xml:id="N4026F4" xml:space="preserve">然後用鐵線弦弓，</s> <s xml:id="N4026F7" xml:space="preserve">線上空三分，</s> <s xml:id="N4026FA" xml:space="preserve">以尺限定，</s> <s xml:id="N4026FD" xml:space="preserve">向<lb/>泥不平戛一片，</s> <s xml:id="N402700" xml:space="preserve">似揭紙而起，</s> <s xml:id="N402703" xml:space="preserve">周包圓桶之上。</s> <s xml:id="N402706" xml:space="preserve">待其稍幹，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402709" xml:space="preserve">脫模而出，</s> <s xml:id="N40270C" xml:space="preserve">自然裂爲四片。</s> <s xml:id="N40270F" xml:space="preserve">凡瓦大小古無定式，</s> <s xml:id="N402712" xml:space="preserve">大者縱<lb/>橫八九寸，</s> <s xml:id="N402715" xml:space="preserve">小者縮十之三。</s> <s xml:id="N402718" xml:space="preserve">室宇合溝中，</s> <s xml:id="N40271B" xml:space="preserve">則必需其最大<lb/>者，</s> <s xml:id="N40271E" xml:space="preserve">名曰溝瓦，</s> <s xml:id="N402721" xml:space="preserve">能承受淫雨不溢漏也。</s> <s xml:id="N402724" xml:space="preserve">凡坯既成，</s> <s xml:id="N402727" xml:space="preserve">幹燥之<lb/>後，</s> <s xml:id="N40272A" xml:space="preserve">則堆積窯中燃薪舉火，</s> <s xml:id="N40272D" xml:space="preserve">或一晝夜或二晝夜，</s> <s xml:id="N402730" xml:space="preserve">視窯中 <pb facs="X06.01.087A" n="二a"/> 多少爲熄火久暫。</s> <s xml:id="N402736" xml:space="preserve">澆水轉銹</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d015350"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d015355" xml:space="preserve">音右</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d015366" xml:space="preserve">與造磚同法。</s> <s xml:id="N402739" xml:space="preserve">其垂于簷<lb/>端者有滴水，</s> <s xml:id="N40273C" xml:space="preserve">下于脊沿者有雲瓦，</s> <s xml:id="N40273F" xml:space="preserve">瓦掩覆脊者有抱同，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402742" xml:space="preserve">鎮脊兩頭者有鳥獸諸形象，</s> <s xml:id="N402745" xml:space="preserve">皆人工逐一做成，</s> <s xml:id="N402748" xml:space="preserve">載于窯<lb/>內受水火而成器則一也。</s> <s xml:id="N40274B" xml:space="preserve">若皇家宮殿所用，</s> <s xml:id="N40274E" xml:space="preserve">大異于是。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402751" xml:space="preserve">其制爲琉璃瓦者，</s> <s xml:id="N402754" xml:space="preserve">或爲板片，</s> <s xml:id="N402757" xml:space="preserve">或爲宛筒。</s> <s xml:id="N40275A" xml:space="preserve">以圓竹與斵木<lb/>爲模逐片成造，</s> <s xml:id="N40275D" xml:space="preserve">其土必取于<name type="place" xml:id="N40275D-01">太平府</name></s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d015423"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d015428" xml:space="preserve">舟運三千里方達京師，</s> <s xml:id="N402760" xml:space="preserve">參沙之偽，</s> <s xml:id="N402763" xml:space="preserve">雇<lb/>役擄舡之擾，</s> <s xml:id="N402766" xml:space="preserve">害不可極。</s> <s xml:id="N402769" xml:space="preserve">即承天皇陵亦取于此，</s> <s xml:id="N40276C" xml:space="preserve">無人議正</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d015459" xml:space="preserve">造成。</s> <s xml:id="N40276F" xml:space="preserve">先裝入琉璃窯內，</s> <s xml:id="N402772" xml:space="preserve">每<lb/>柴五千斤燒瓦百片。</s> <s xml:id="N402775" xml:space="preserve">取出，</s> <s xml:id="N402778" xml:space="preserve">成色以無名異、</s> <s xml:id="N40277B" xml:space="preserve">棕櫚毛等煎<lb/>汁塗染成綠，</s> <s xml:id="N40277E" xml:space="preserve">黛赭石、</s> <s xml:id="N402781" xml:space="preserve">松香、</s> <s xml:id="N402784" xml:space="preserve">蒲草等塗染成黃。</s> <s xml:id="N402787" xml:space="preserve">再入別窯，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.087B" n="二b"/> <s xml:id="N40278C" xml:space="preserve">減殺薪火，</s> <s xml:id="N40278F" xml:space="preserve">逼成琉璃寶色。</s> <s xml:id="N402792" xml:space="preserve">外省親王殿與仙佛宮觀間<lb/>亦爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N402795" xml:space="preserve">但色料各有配合，</s> <s xml:id="N402798" xml:space="preserve">採取不必盡同，</s> <s xml:id="N40279B" xml:space="preserve">民居則有</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d015520"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d015525" xml:space="preserve">禁也。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d015536" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4027A0" xml:space="preserve">磚</head> <p xml:id="N4027A3"> <s xml:id="N4027A5" xml:space="preserve">凡埏泥造磚，</s> <s xml:id="N4027A8" xml:space="preserve">亦掘地驗辯土色，</s> <s xml:id="N4027AB" xml:space="preserve">或藍或白，</s> <s xml:id="N4027AE" xml:space="preserve">或紅或黃，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d015557"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4027B1" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4027B1-01">閩</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4027B4" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4027B4-01">廣</name><lb/>多紅泥，</s> <s xml:id="N4027B7" xml:space="preserve">藍者名善泥，</s> <s xml:id="N4027BA" xml:space="preserve">江、</s> <s xml:id="N4027BD" xml:space="preserve">浙居多。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4027C0" xml:space="preserve">皆以粘而不散、</s> <s xml:id="N4027C3" xml:space="preserve">粉而不沙者爲上。</s> <s xml:id="N4027C6" xml:space="preserve">汲水<lb/>滋土，</s> <s xml:id="N4027C9" xml:space="preserve">人逐數牛錯趾，</s> <s xml:id="N4027CC" xml:space="preserve">踏成稠泥，</s> <s xml:id="N4027CF" xml:space="preserve">然後填滿木匡之中，</s> <s xml:id="N4027D2" xml:space="preserve">鐵<lb/>線弓戛平其面，</s> <s xml:id="N4027D5" xml:space="preserve">而成坯形。</s> <s xml:id="N4027D8" xml:space="preserve">凡郡邑城雉民居垣牆所用<lb/>者，</s> <s xml:id="N4027DB" xml:space="preserve">有眠磚、</s> <s xml:id="N4027DE" xml:space="preserve">側磚兩色。</s> <s xml:id="N4027E1" xml:space="preserve">眠磚方長條，</s> <s xml:id="N4027E4" xml:space="preserve">砌城郭與民人饒富<lb/>家，</s> <s xml:id="N4027E7" xml:space="preserve">不惜工費直壘而上。</s> <s xml:id="N4027EA" xml:space="preserve">民居算計者則一眠之上施</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d015648"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d015653" xml:space="preserve">側磚<lb/></s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <pb facs="X06.01.088A" n="三a"/> <s xml:id="d015668" xml:space="preserve">一路，</s> <s xml:id="N4027F0" xml:space="preserve">填土礫其中以實之，</s> <s xml:id="N4027F3" xml:space="preserve">盖省嗇之義也。</s> <s xml:id="N4027F6" xml:space="preserve">凡牆磚而外<lb/>甃地者名曰方墁磚。</s> <s xml:id="N4027F9" xml:space="preserve">榱桷上用以承瓦者曰皇板磚。</s> <s xml:id="N4027FC" xml:space="preserve">圓<lb/>鞠小橋梁與圭門與窀穸墓穴者曰刀磚，</s> <s xml:id="N4027FF" xml:space="preserve">又曰鞠磚。</s> <s xml:id="N402802" xml:space="preserve">凡<lb/>刀磚削狹一偏面，</s> <s xml:id="N402805" xml:space="preserve">相靠擠緊，</s> <s xml:id="N402808" xml:space="preserve">上砌成圓，</s> <s xml:id="N40280B" xml:space="preserve">車馬踐壓不能<lb/>損陷。</s> <s xml:id="N40280E" xml:space="preserve">造方墁磚，</s> <s xml:id="N402811" xml:space="preserve">泥入方匡中，</s> <s xml:id="N402814" xml:space="preserve">平板盖面，</s> <s xml:id="N402817" xml:space="preserve">兩人足立其上，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40281A" xml:space="preserve">研轉而堅固之，</s> <s xml:id="N40281D" xml:space="preserve">燒成效用。</s> <s xml:id="N402820" xml:space="preserve">石工磨斵四尚，</s> <s xml:id="N402823" xml:space="preserve">然後甃地。</s> <s xml:id="N402826" xml:space="preserve">刀<lb/>磚之直視牆磚</s> <s xml:id="d015742" xml:space="preserve">稍溢一分，</s> <s xml:id="d015745" xml:space="preserve">楻板磚則積十以當牆磚之<lb/>一，</s> <s xml:id="d015750" xml:space="preserve">方墁磚則一以敵牆磚之十也。</s> <s xml:id="N402829" xml:space="preserve">凡磚成坯之後，</s> <s xml:id="N40282C" xml:space="preserve">裝入<lb/>窯中，</s> <s xml:id="N40282F" xml:space="preserve">所裝百鈞則火力一晝夜，</s> <s xml:id="N402832" xml:space="preserve">二百鈞則倍時而足。</s> <s xml:id="N402835" xml:space="preserve">凡 <pb facs="X06.01.088B" n="三b"/> 燒磚有柴薪窯，</s> <s xml:id="N402838" xml:space="preserve">有煤炭窯。</s> <s xml:id="N40283B" xml:space="preserve">用薪者出火成青黑色，</s> <s xml:id="N40283E" xml:space="preserve">用煤<lb/>者出火成白色。</s> <s xml:id="N402841" xml:space="preserve">凡柴薪窯巔上偏側鑿三孔以出烟，</s> <s xml:id="N402844" xml:space="preserve">火<lb/>足止薪之候，</s> <s xml:id="N402847" xml:space="preserve">泥固塞其孔，</s> <s xml:id="N40284A" xml:space="preserve">然後使水轉幼。</s> <s xml:id="N40284D" xml:space="preserve">凡火候少一<lb/>兩則幼色不光，</s> <s xml:id="N402850" xml:space="preserve">少三兩則名嫩火磚。</s> <s xml:id="N402853" xml:space="preserve">本色雜現，</s> <s xml:id="N402856" xml:space="preserve">他日經<lb/>霜冒雪，</s> <s xml:id="N402859" xml:space="preserve">則立成解散，</s> <s xml:id="N40285C" xml:space="preserve">仍還土質。</s> <s xml:id="N40285F" xml:space="preserve">火候多一兩則磚面有<lb/>裂紋，</s> <s xml:id="N402862" xml:space="preserve">多三兩則磚形縮小拆裂，</s> <s xml:id="N402865" xml:space="preserve">屈曲不伸，</s> <s xml:id="N402868" xml:space="preserve">擊之如碎鐵<lb/>然，</s> <s xml:id="N40286B" xml:space="preserve">不適于用。</s> <s xml:id="N40286E" xml:space="preserve">巧用者以之埋藏土內爲牆腳，</s> <s xml:id="N402871" xml:space="preserve">則亦有磚<lb/>之用也。</s> <s xml:id="N402874" xml:space="preserve">凡觀火候，</s> <s xml:id="N402877" xml:space="preserve">從窯門透視內壁，</s> <s xml:id="N40287A" xml:space="preserve">土受火精，</s> <s xml:id="N40287D" xml:space="preserve">形神搖<lb/>蕩，</s> <s xml:id="N402880" xml:space="preserve">若金銀鎔化之極然，</s> <s xml:id="N402883" xml:space="preserve">陶長辯之。</s> <s xml:id="N402886" xml:space="preserve">凡轉幼之法，</s> <s xml:id="N402889" xml:space="preserve">窯巔作 <pb facs="X06.01.089A" n="四a"/> 一平田樣，</s> <s xml:id="N40288F" xml:space="preserve">四圍稍弦起，</s> <s xml:id="N402892" xml:space="preserve">灌水其上。</s> <s xml:id="N402895" xml:space="preserve">磚瓦百均用水四十<lb/>石。</s> <s xml:id="N402898" xml:space="preserve">水神透入土膜之下，</s> <s xml:id="N40289B" xml:space="preserve">與火意相感而成。</s> <s xml:id="N40289E" xml:space="preserve">水火既濟，</s> <s xml:id="N4028A1" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>質千秋矣。</s> <s xml:id="N4028A4" xml:space="preserve">若煤炭窯視柴窯深欲倍之，</s> <s xml:id="N4028A7" xml:space="preserve">其上圓鞠漸小，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4028AA" xml:space="preserve">並不封頂。</s> <s xml:id="N4028AD" xml:space="preserve">其內以煤造成尺五徑闊餅，</s> <s xml:id="N4028B0" xml:space="preserve">每煤一層隔磚<lb/>一層，</s> <s xml:id="N4028B3" xml:space="preserve">葦薪墊地發火。</s> <s xml:id="N4028B6" xml:space="preserve">若皇居所用磚，</s> <s xml:id="N4028B9" xml:space="preserve">其大者廠在<name type="place" xml:id="N4028B9-01">臨清</name>，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4028BC" xml:space="preserve">工部分司主之。</s> <s xml:id="N4028BF" xml:space="preserve">初名色有副磚、</s> <s xml:id="N4028C2" xml:space="preserve">券磚、</s> <s xml:id="N4028C5" xml:space="preserve">平身磚、</s> <s xml:id="N4028C8" xml:space="preserve">望板磚、</s> <s xml:id="N4028CB" xml:space="preserve">斧<lb/>刃磚、</s> <s xml:id="N4028CE" xml:space="preserve">方磚之類，</s> <s xml:id="N4028D1" xml:space="preserve">後革去半。</s> <s xml:id="N4028D4" xml:space="preserve">運至京師，</s> <s xml:id="N4028D7" xml:space="preserve">每漕舫搭四十塊，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4028DA" xml:space="preserve">民舟半之。</s> <s xml:id="N4028DD" xml:space="preserve">又細料方磚以甃正殿者，</s> <s xml:id="N4028E0" xml:space="preserve">則由<name type="place" xml:id="N4028E0-01">蘇州</name>造解。</s> <s xml:id="N4028E3" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>琉璃磚色料已載《瓦》款。</s> <s xml:id="N4028E6" xml:space="preserve">取薪台基廠，</s> <s xml:id="N4028E9" xml:space="preserve">燒由黑窯云。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.089B" n="四b"/> <figure xml:id="d016000"> <graphic url="X06.01.089B-01"/> <head xml:id="d016005" xml:space="preserve">造瓦</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d016008" xml:space="preserve">鉄綿<lb/>戛過</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d016013" xml:space="preserve">熟泥</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d016016" xml:space="preserve">瓦模桶中<lb/>有四界痕</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.090A" n="五a"/> <figure xml:id="d016025"> <graphic url="X06.01.090A-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d016030" xml:space="preserve">瓦坯<lb/>脱桶</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.090B" n="五b"/> <figure xml:id="d016038"> <graphic url="X06.01.090B-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d016043" xml:space="preserve">泥造<lb/>塼坯</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.091A" n="六a"/> <figure xml:id="d016051"> <graphic url="X06.01.091A-01"/> <head xml:id="d016056" xml:space="preserve">磚瓦齊<lb/>水轉銹<lb/>窯</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.091B" n="六b"/> <figure xml:id="d016067"> <graphic url="X06.01.091B-01"/> <head xml:id="d016072" xml:space="preserve">煤炭燒磚窯</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.092A" n="七a"/> </div> <div xml:id="d016079" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4028F0" xml:space="preserve">罌甕</head> <p xml:id="N4028F3"> <s xml:id="N4028F5" xml:space="preserve">凡陶家爲缶屬，</s> <s xml:id="N4028F8" xml:space="preserve">其類百千。</s> <s xml:id="N4028FB" xml:space="preserve">大者缸甕，</s> <s xml:id="N4028FE" xml:space="preserve">中者缽孟，</s> <s xml:id="N402901" xml:space="preserve">小者瓶<lb/>礶，</s> <s xml:id="N402904" xml:space="preserve">款制各從方土，</s> <s xml:id="N402907" xml:space="preserve">悉數之不能。</s> <s xml:id="N40290A" xml:space="preserve">造此者必爲圓而不方<lb/>之器。</s> <s xml:id="N40290D" xml:space="preserve">試土尋泥之後，</s> <s xml:id="N402910" xml:space="preserve">仍制陶車旋盤。</s> <s xml:id="N402913" xml:space="preserve">工夫精熟者視器<lb/>大小掐泥，</s> <s xml:id="N402916" xml:space="preserve">不甚增多少，</s> <s xml:id="N402919" xml:space="preserve">兩人扶泥旋轉，</s> <s xml:id="N40291C" xml:space="preserve">一捏而就。</s> <s xml:id="N40291F" xml:space="preserve">其朝<lb/>延所用龍鳳缸</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d016145"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d016150" xml:space="preserve">窯在<name type="place" xml:id="N40291F-01">真定</name><name type="place" xml:id="N40291F-02">曲陽</name>與<name type="place" xml:id="N40291F-03">揚州</name>儀真 </s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d016169" xml:space="preserve">與南直花缸，</s> <s xml:id="N402922" xml:space="preserve">則厚積其<lb/>泥，</s> <s xml:id="N402925" xml:space="preserve">以俟雕鏤，</s> <s xml:id="N402928" xml:space="preserve">作法全不相同，</s> <s xml:id="N40292B" xml:space="preserve">故其直或百倍或俉十倍<lb/>也。</s> <s xml:id="N40292E" xml:space="preserve">凡罌缶有耳嘴者皆另爲合，</s> <s xml:id="N402931" xml:space="preserve">上以幼水塗粘。</s> <s xml:id="N402934" xml:space="preserve">陶器皆<lb/>有底，</s> <s xml:id="N402937" xml:space="preserve">無底者則<name type="place" xml:id="N402937-01">陝</name>以西炊甑用瓦不用木也。</s> <s xml:id="N40293A" xml:space="preserve">凡諸陶器 <pb facs="X06.01.092B" n="七b"/> 精者中外皆過釉粗者或釉其半體。</s> <s xml:id="N402940" xml:space="preserve">惟沙盆齒鉢之類<lb/>其中不釉，</s> <s xml:id="N402943" xml:space="preserve">存其粗澀，</s> <s xml:id="N402946" xml:space="preserve">以受研擂之功。</s> <s xml:id="N402949" xml:space="preserve">沙鍋沙罐不釉，</s> <s xml:id="N40294C" xml:space="preserve">利<lb/>于透火性以熟烹也。</s> <s xml:id="N40294F" xml:space="preserve">凡釉質料隨地而生，</s> <s xml:id="N402952" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402952-01">江</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N402955" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402955-01">浙</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N402958" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402958-01">閩</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40295B" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40295B-01">廣</name>用<lb/>者蕨藍草一味。</s> <s xml:id="N40295E" xml:space="preserve">其草乃居民供灶之薪，</s> <s xml:id="N402961" xml:space="preserve">長法這三尺，</s> <s xml:id="N402964" xml:space="preserve">枝<lb/>葉似杉木，</s> <s xml:id="N402967" xml:space="preserve">勒而不棘人。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d016272"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40296A" xml:space="preserve">其名數十，</s> <s xml:id="N40296D" xml:space="preserve">各地不同，</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402970" xml:space="preserve">陶家取來燃灰，</s> <s xml:id="N402973" xml:space="preserve">布袋<lb/>灌水澄濾，</s> <s xml:id="N402976" xml:space="preserve">去其粗者，</s> <s xml:id="N402979" xml:space="preserve">取其絕細。</s> <s xml:id="N40297C" xml:space="preserve">每灰二碗參以紅土泥<lb/>水一碗，</s> <s xml:id="N40297F" xml:space="preserve">攪令極勻，</s> <s xml:id="N402982" xml:space="preserve">蘸塗坯上，</s> <s xml:id="N402985" xml:space="preserve">燒出處厲光色。</s> <s xml:id="N402988" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402988-01">北方</name>未詳<lb/>用何物。</s> <s xml:id="N40298B" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40298B-01">蘇州</name>黃罐釉亦別有料。</s> <s xml:id="N40298E" xml:space="preserve">惟上用龍鳳器則仍用<lb/>松香與無名異也。</s> <s xml:id="N402991" xml:space="preserve">凡瓶窯燒小器，</s> <s xml:id="N402994" xml:space="preserve">缸窯燒大器。</s> <s xml:id="N402997" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402997-01">山西</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40299A" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40299A-01">浙 <pb facs="X06.01.093A" n="八a"/> 江</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4029A0" xml:space="preserve">各分缸窯、</s> <s xml:id="N4029A3" xml:space="preserve">瓶窯余省則合一處爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N4029A6" xml:space="preserve">凡造敞口缸，</s> <s xml:id="N4029A9" xml:space="preserve">旋<lb/>成兩截，</s> <s xml:id="N4029AC" xml:space="preserve">接合處以木椎內外打緊，</s> <s xml:id="N4029AF" xml:space="preserve">匝口、</s> <s xml:id="N4029B2" xml:space="preserve">壇甕亦兩截，</s> <s xml:id="N4029B5" xml:space="preserve">接<lb/>合不便用椎，</s> <s xml:id="N4029B8" xml:space="preserve">預于別窯燒成瓦圈如金剛圈形，</s> <s xml:id="N4029BB" xml:space="preserve">托印其<lb/>內，</s> <s xml:id="N4029BE" xml:space="preserve">外以木椎打緊，</s> <s xml:id="N4029C1" xml:space="preserve">土性自合。</s> <s xml:id="N4029C4" xml:space="preserve">凡缸、</s> <s xml:id="N4029C7" xml:space="preserve">瓶窯不于平地，</s> <s xml:id="N4029CA" xml:space="preserve">必于<lb/>斜阜山岡之上，</s> <s xml:id="N4029CD" xml:space="preserve">延長者或二三十丈，</s> <s xml:id="N4029D0" xml:space="preserve">短者亦十余丈，</s> <s xml:id="N4029D3" xml:space="preserve">連<lb/>接爲數十窯，</s> <s xml:id="N4029D6" xml:space="preserve">皆一窯高一級。</s> <s xml:id="N4029D9" xml:space="preserve">盖依傍山勢，</s> <s xml:id="N4029DC" xml:space="preserve">所以驅流水<lb/>濕滋之患，</s> <s xml:id="N4029DF" xml:space="preserve">而火氣又循級透上。</s> <s xml:id="N4029EB" xml:space="preserve">其數十方成陶者，</s> <s xml:id="N4029EE" xml:space="preserve">其中<lb/>苦無重值物，</s> <s xml:id="N4029F1" xml:space="preserve">合並眾力眾資而爲之也。</s> <s xml:id="N4029F4" xml:space="preserve">其窯鞠成之後，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4029F7" xml:space="preserve">上鋪覆以絕細土，</s> <s xml:id="N4029FA" xml:space="preserve">厚三寸許。</s> <s xml:id="N4029FD" xml:space="preserve">窯隔五尺許則透烟窓窑，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.093B" n="八b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.093B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.093B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.094A" n="九a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.094A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.094A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.094B" n="九b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.094B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.094B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.095A" n="十a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.095A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.095A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.095B" n="十b"/> <s xml:id="N402A00" xml:space="preserve">門兩邊相向而開。</s> <s xml:id="N402A06" xml:space="preserve">裝物以于小器，</s> <s xml:id="N402A09" xml:space="preserve">裝載一頭低窯，</s> <s xml:id="N402A0C" xml:space="preserve">絕大<lb/>缸甕裝在最末尾高窯。</s> <s xml:id="N402A0F" xml:space="preserve">發火先從頭一低窯起，</s> <s xml:id="N402A12" xml:space="preserve">兩人對<lb/>面交看火色。</s> <s xml:id="N402A15" xml:space="preserve">大抵陶器一百三十斤費薪百斤。</s> <s xml:id="N402A18" xml:space="preserve">火候足<lb/>時，</s> <s xml:id="N402A1B" xml:space="preserve">掩閉其門，</s> <s xml:id="N402A1E" xml:space="preserve">然後次發第二火，</s> <s xml:id="N402A21" xml:space="preserve">以次結竟至尾云。</s> </p> <floatingText> <body> <div type="float" xml:id="d016521"> <figure xml:id="d016523" corresp="fig-X06.01.093B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.093B-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d016528" xml:space="preserve">瓶窯<lb/>連接</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d016534" corresp="fig-X06.01.094A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.094A-01"/> <head xml:id="d016539" xml:space="preserve">缸窯</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d016543" corresp="fig-X06.01.094B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.094B-01"/> <head xml:id="d016548" xml:space="preserve">造瓶</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d016552" corresp="fig-X06.01.095A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.095A-01"/> <head xml:id="d016557" xml:space="preserve">缸造</head> </figure> </div> </body> </floatingText> </div> <div xml:id="d016564" type="section"> <head xml:id="N402A26" xml:space="preserve">白瓷 附青瓷</head> <p xml:id="N402A29"> <s xml:id="N402A2B" xml:space="preserve">凡白土曰堊土，</s> <s xml:id="N402A2E" xml:space="preserve">爲陶家精美器用。</s> <s xml:id="N402A31" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402A31-01">中國</name>出惟五六處，</s> <s xml:id="N402A34" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402A34-01">北<lb/>則</name><name type="place" xml:id="N402A34-02">真定定州</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N402A37" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402A37-01">平涼華亭</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N402A3A" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402A3A-01">太原平定</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N402A3D" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402A3D-01">開封禹州</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N402A40" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402A40-01">南則</name><name type="place" xml:id="N402A40-02">泉郡<lb/>德化</name>、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d016618"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402A43" xml:space="preserve">土出永定，</s> <s xml:id="N402A46" xml:space="preserve">窯在<name type="place" xml:id="N402A46-01">德化</name>。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402A49" xml:space="preserve">微郡<name type="place" xml:id="N402A49-01">婺源</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N402A4C" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402A4C-01">祁門</name>。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d016649"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402A4F" xml:space="preserve">他處白土陶範不粘，</s> <s xml:id="N402A52" xml:space="preserve">或以掃壁爲墁。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402A55" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402A55-01">德化</name><lb/>窯惟以焼造瓷仙、</s> <s xml:id="N402A58" xml:space="preserve">精巧人物、</s> <s xml:id="N402A5B" xml:space="preserve">玩器，</s> <s xml:id="N402A5E" xml:space="preserve">不適實用；</s> <s xml:id="N402A61" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402A61-01">真</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N402A64" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402A64-01">開</name>等郡 <pb facs="X06.01.096A" n="十一a"/> 瓷窯所出，</s> <s xml:id="N402A6A" xml:space="preserve">色或黃滯無寶光，</s> <s xml:id="N402A6D" xml:space="preserve">合並數郡不敵<name type="place" xml:id="N402A6D-01">江西</name>饒郡<lb/>產。</s> <s xml:id="N402A70" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402A70-01">浙省</name><name type="place" xml:id="N402A70-02">處州</name><name type="place" xml:id="N402A70-03">麗水</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N402A73" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402A73-01">龍泉</name>兩邑，</s> <s xml:id="N402A76" xml:space="preserve">燒造過釉懷碗，</s> <s xml:id="N402A79" xml:space="preserve">青黑如漆，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402A7C" xml:space="preserve">名曰處窯，</s> <s xml:id="N402A7F" xml:space="preserve">宋、</s> <s xml:id="N402A82" xml:space="preserve">元時<name type="place" xml:id="N402A82-01">龍泉</name><name type="place" xml:id="N402A82-02">華琉山</name>下，</s> <s xml:id="N402A85" xml:space="preserve">有章氏造窯出款貴<lb/>重，</s> <s xml:id="N402A88" xml:space="preserve">古董行所謂哥窯器者即此。</s> <s xml:id="N402A8B" xml:space="preserve">若夫中華四裔馳名獵<lb/>取者，</s> <s xml:id="N402A8E" xml:space="preserve">皆饒郡浮梁<name type="place" xml:id="N402A8E-01">景德鎮</name>之產也。</s> <s xml:id="N402A91" xml:space="preserve">此鎮從古及今爲燒<lb/>器地，</s> <s xml:id="N402A94" xml:space="preserve">然不產白土。</s> <s xml:id="N402A97" xml:space="preserve">土出<name type="place" xml:id="N402A97-01">婺源</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N402A9A" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402A9A-01">祁門</name>兩山：</s> <s xml:id="N402A9D" xml:space="preserve">一名<name type="place" xml:id="N402A9D-01">高梁山</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N402AA0" xml:space="preserve">出<lb/>粳米土，</s> <s xml:id="N402AA3" xml:space="preserve">其性堅硬；</s> <s xml:id="N402AA6" xml:space="preserve">一名<name type="place" xml:id="N402AA6-01">開化山</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N402AA9" xml:space="preserve">出糯米土，</s> <s xml:id="N402AAC" xml:space="preserve">其性粢軟。</s> <s xml:id="N402AAF" xml:space="preserve">兩<lb/>土和合，</s> <s xml:id="N402AB2" xml:space="preserve">瓷器方成。</s> <s xml:id="N402AB5" xml:space="preserve">其土作成方塊，</s> <s xml:id="N402AB8" xml:space="preserve">小舟運至<name type="place" xml:id="N402AB8-01">鎮</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N402ABB" xml:space="preserve">造器者<lb/>將兩土等分入臼舂一日，</s> <s xml:id="N402ABE" xml:space="preserve">然後入缸水澄，</s> <s xml:id="N402AC1" xml:space="preserve">其上浮者爲 <pb facs="X06.01.096B" n="十一b"/> 細料，</s> <s xml:id="N402AC7" xml:space="preserve">傾跌過一缸，</s> <s xml:id="N402ACA" xml:space="preserve">其下沉底者爲粗料。</s> <s xml:id="N402ACD" xml:space="preserve">細料缸中再取<lb/>上浮者，</s> <s xml:id="N402AD0" xml:space="preserve">傾過爲最細料，</s> <s xml:id="N402AD3" xml:space="preserve">沉底者爲中料，</s> <s xml:id="N402AD6" xml:space="preserve">既澄之後，</s> <s xml:id="N402AD9" xml:space="preserve">以磚<lb/>砌方長塘，</s> <s xml:id="N402ADC" xml:space="preserve">逼靠火窯以借爲力。</s> <s xml:id="N402ADF" xml:space="preserve">傾所澄之泥于中，</s> <s xml:id="N402AE2" xml:space="preserve">吸幹<lb/>然後重用清水調和造坯。</s> <s xml:id="N402AE5" xml:space="preserve">凡造瓷坯有兩種，</s> <s xml:id="N402AE8" xml:space="preserve">一曰印器，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402AEB" xml:space="preserve">如主圓不等瓶甕爐合之類，</s> <s xml:id="N402AEE" xml:space="preserve">御器則有瓷屏風、</s> <s xml:id="N402AF1" xml:space="preserve">燭台之<lb/>類。</s> <s xml:id="N402AF4" xml:space="preserve">先以黃泥塑成模印，</s> <s xml:id="N402AF7" xml:space="preserve">或兩破或兩截，</s> <s xml:id="N402AFA" xml:space="preserve">亦或囫圇。</s> <s xml:id="N402AFD" xml:space="preserve">然後<lb/>埏白泥印成，</s> <s xml:id="N402B00" xml:space="preserve">以釉水塗合其縫，</s> <s xml:id="N402B03" xml:space="preserve">燒出時自圓成無隙。</s> <s xml:id="N402B06" xml:space="preserve">一<lb/>曰圓器，</s> <s xml:id="N402B09" xml:space="preserve">凡大小億萬懷盤之類乃生人日用必需，</s> <s xml:id="N402B0C" xml:space="preserve">造者<lb/>居十九，</s> <s xml:id="N402B0F" xml:space="preserve">而印器則十一。</s> <s xml:id="N402B12" xml:space="preserve">造此器坯先制陶車。</s> <s xml:id="N402B15" xml:space="preserve">車豎直木 <pb facs="X06.01.097A" n="十二a"/> 一根，</s> <s xml:id="N402B1B" xml:space="preserve">埋三尺入土內使之安穩，</s> <s xml:id="N402B1E" xml:space="preserve">上高二尺許，</s> <s xml:id="N402B21" xml:space="preserve">上下列圓<lb/>盤，</s> <s xml:id="N402B24" xml:space="preserve">盤沿以短竹棍撥運旋轉，</s> <s xml:id="N402B27" xml:space="preserve">盤頂正中用檀木刻成盔<lb/>頭冒其上。</s> <s xml:id="N402B2A" xml:space="preserve">凡造杯盤無有定形模式，</s> <s xml:id="N402B2D" xml:space="preserve">以兩手棒泥盔冒<lb/>之上，</s> <s xml:id="N402B30" xml:space="preserve">旋盤使轉，</s> <s xml:id="N402B33" xml:space="preserve">拇指剪去甲，</s> <s xml:id="N402B36" xml:space="preserve">按定泥底，</s> <s xml:id="N402B39" xml:space="preserve">就大指薄旋而<lb/>上，</s> <s xml:id="N402B3C" xml:space="preserve">即成一懷碗之形。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d016987"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402B3F" xml:space="preserve">初學者任從作廢，</s> <s xml:id="N402B42" xml:space="preserve">破坯取泥再造。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402B45" xml:space="preserve">功多烽熟。</s> <s xml:id="N402B48" xml:space="preserve">即千<lb/>萬如出一範。</s> <s xml:id="N402B4B" xml:space="preserve">凡盔冒上造小懷者不必加泥，</s> <s xml:id="N402B4E" xml:space="preserve">造中盤、</s> <s xml:id="N402B51" xml:space="preserve">大<lb/>碗則增泥大其冒，</s> <s xml:id="N402B54" xml:space="preserve">使幹燥而後受功。</s> <s xml:id="N402B57" xml:space="preserve">凡手指旋成坯後，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402B5A" xml:space="preserve">覆轉用盔冒，</s> <s xml:id="d017034" xml:space="preserve">一印，</s> <s xml:id="d017037" xml:space="preserve">微晒留滋潤，</s> <s xml:id="d017040" xml:space="preserve">又一印，</s> <s xml:id="d017043" xml:space="preserve">晒成極白乾，</s> <s xml:id="d017046" xml:space="preserve">入<lb/>水一汶，</s> <s xml:id="d017052" xml:space="preserve">漉上盔冒，</s> <s xml:id="N402B5D" xml:space="preserve">過利刀二次，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d017058"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402B60" xml:space="preserve">過刀時手脈微振，</s> <s xml:id="N402B63" xml:space="preserve">燒出即成雀口。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402B66" xml:space="preserve">然後 <pb facs="X06.01.097B" n="十二b"/> 補整碎缺，</s> <s xml:id="N402B6C" xml:space="preserve">就車上旋轉打圈。</s> <s xml:id="N402B6F" xml:space="preserve">圈後或畫或書字，</s> <s xml:id="N402B72" xml:space="preserve">畫後噴<lb/>水數口，</s> <s xml:id="N402B75" xml:space="preserve">然後過釉。</s> <s xml:id="N402B78" xml:space="preserve">凡爲碎器與千鐘粟與褐色杯等，</s> <s xml:id="N402B7B" xml:space="preserve">不<lb/>用青料。</s> <s xml:id="N402B7E" xml:space="preserve">欲爲碎器，</s> <s xml:id="N402B81" xml:space="preserve">利刀過後，</s> <s xml:id="N402B84" xml:space="preserve">日曬極熱，</s> <s xml:id="N402B87" xml:space="preserve">入清水一蘸而<lb/>起，</s> <s xml:id="N402B8A" xml:space="preserve">燒出自成裂紋。</s> <s xml:id="N402B8D" xml:space="preserve">千鐘粟則釉漿捷點，</s> <s xml:id="N402B90" xml:space="preserve">褐色則老茶葉<lb/>煎水一抹也。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d017128"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402B93" xml:space="preserve">古碎器日本國極珍重，</s> <s xml:id="N402B96" xml:space="preserve">真者不惜千金。</s> <s xml:id="N402B99" xml:space="preserve">古香爐碎器不知何代造，</s> <s xml:id="N402B9C" xml:space="preserve">度有鐵釘，</s> <s xml:id="N402B9F" xml:space="preserve">其釘掩<lb/>光色不鏽。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402BA2" xml:space="preserve">凡饒<name type="place" xml:id="N402BA2-01">鎮</name>白瓷釉用<name type="place" xml:id="N402BA2-02">小港嘴</name>泥濼和桃竹葉灰調成，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402BA5" xml:space="preserve">似<name type="place" xml:id="N402BA5-01">清泔</name>汁，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d017176"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402BA8" xml:space="preserve">泉郡瓷仙用松毛水調泥漿，</s> <s xml:id="N402BAB" xml:space="preserve">處郡青資釉未詳所出。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402BAE" xml:space="preserve">盛于缸內。</s> <s xml:id="N402BB1" xml:space="preserve">凡諸器<lb/>過釉，</s> <s xml:id="N402BB4" xml:space="preserve">先蕩其內，</s> <s xml:id="N402BB7" xml:space="preserve">外邊用指一蘸塗弦，</s> <s xml:id="N402BBA" xml:space="preserve">自然流遍。</s> <s xml:id="N402BBD" xml:space="preserve">凡畫碗<lb/>青料總一味無名異。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d017216"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402BC0" xml:space="preserve">漆匠煎油，</s> <s xml:id="N402BC3" xml:space="preserve">亦用以收火色。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402BC6" xml:space="preserve">此物不生深土，</s> <s xml:id="N402BC9" xml:space="preserve">浮生 <pb facs="X06.01.098A" n="十三a"/> 地靣，</s> <s xml:id="N402BCF" xml:space="preserve">深者掘下三尺即止，</s> <s xml:id="N402BD2" xml:space="preserve">各省直皆有之。</s> <s xml:id="N402BD5" xml:space="preserve">亦辨認上料、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402BD8" xml:space="preserve">中料、</s> <s xml:id="N402BDB" xml:space="preserve">下料，</s> <s xml:id="N402BDE" xml:space="preserve">用時先將炭從叢紅煆過。</s> <s xml:id="N402BE1" xml:space="preserve">上者出火成翠毛<lb/>色，</s> <s xml:id="N402BE4" xml:space="preserve">中者微青，</s> <s xml:id="N402BE7" xml:space="preserve">下者近土褐。</s> <s xml:id="N402BEA" xml:space="preserve">上者每斤煆出只得七兩，</s> <s xml:id="N402BED" xml:space="preserve">中<lb/>下者以次縮減。</s> <s xml:id="N402BF0" xml:space="preserve">如上品細料器及御器龍鳳等，</s> <s xml:id="N402BF3" xml:space="preserve">皆以上<lb/>料畫成，</s> <s xml:id="N402BF6" xml:space="preserve">故其價每石值奶二十四兩，</s> <s xml:id="N402BF9" xml:space="preserve">中者半之，</s> <s xml:id="N402BFC" xml:space="preserve">下者則<lb/>十之三而已。</s> <s xml:id="N402BFF" xml:space="preserve">凡饒<name type="place" xml:id="N402BFF-01">鎮</name>所用，</s> <s xml:id="N402C02" xml:space="preserve">以衢、</s> <s xml:id="N402C05" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402C05-01">信</name>兩郡山中者爲上料，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402C08" xml:space="preserve">名曰浙料，</s> <s xml:id="N402C0B" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402C0B-01">上</name><name type="place" xml:id="N402C0B-02">高</name>諸邑者爲中，</s> <s xml:id="N402C0E" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402C0E-01">豐城</name>諸外者爲下也。</s> <s xml:id="N402C11" xml:space="preserve">凡使<lb/>料煆過之後，</s> <s xml:id="N402C14" xml:space="preserve">以乳缽極研，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d017341"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402C17" xml:space="preserve">其缽底留粗，</s> <s xml:id="N402C1A" xml:space="preserve">不轉釉。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402C1D" xml:space="preserve">然後調畫水。</s> <s xml:id="N402C20" xml:space="preserve">調研<lb/>時色如皂，</s> <s xml:id="N402C23" xml:space="preserve">入火則成青碧色。</s> <s xml:id="N402C26" xml:space="preserve">凡將碎器爲紫霞色懷者，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.098B" n="十三b"/> <s xml:id="N402C2B" xml:space="preserve">用胭指打濕，</s> <s xml:id="N402C2E" xml:space="preserve">將鐵線紐一兜絡，</s> <s xml:id="N402C31" xml:space="preserve">盛碎器其中，</s> <s xml:id="N402C34" xml:space="preserve">炭火炙熱，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402C37" xml:space="preserve">然後以濕胭脂一抹即成。</s> <s xml:id="N402C3A" xml:space="preserve">凡宣紅器乃燒成之後出火，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402C3D" xml:space="preserve">另施工巧微炙而成者，</s> <s xml:id="N402C40" xml:space="preserve">非世上殊砂能留紅質于火內<lb/>也。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d017404"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402C43" xml:space="preserve">宣紅元末已失傳，</s> <s xml:id="N402C46" xml:space="preserve">正德中歷試複造出。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402C49" xml:space="preserve">凡瓷器經畫過釉之後，</s> <s xml:id="N402C4C" xml:space="preserve">裝入匣<lb/>缽。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d017429"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402C4F" xml:space="preserve">裝時手拿微重，</s> <s xml:id="N402C52" xml:space="preserve">後日燒出即成坳口，</s> <s xml:id="N402C55" xml:space="preserve">不複周正。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402C58" xml:space="preserve">缽以粗泥造，</s> <s xml:id="N402C5B" xml:space="preserve">其中一泥餅托<lb/>一器，</s> <s xml:id="N402C5E" xml:space="preserve">底空處以沙實之。</s> <s xml:id="N402C61" xml:space="preserve">大器一匣裝一個，</s> <s xml:id="N402C64" xml:space="preserve">小器十余共<lb/>一匣缽，</s> <s xml:id="N402C67" xml:space="preserve">缽佳者裝燒十余度，</s> <s xml:id="N402C6A" xml:space="preserve">劣者一二次即壞。</s> <s xml:id="N402C6D" xml:space="preserve">凡匣缽<lb/>裝器入窯，</s> <s xml:id="N402C70" xml:space="preserve">然後舉火，</s> <s xml:id="N402C73" xml:space="preserve">其窯上空十二圓眼，</s> <s xml:id="N402C76" xml:space="preserve">名曰天窗。</s> <s xml:id="N402C79" xml:space="preserve">火<lb/>以十二時辰爲足。</s> <s xml:id="N402C7C" xml:space="preserve">先發門火十個時，</s> <s xml:id="N402C7F" xml:space="preserve">火力從下攻上，</s> <s xml:id="N402C82" xml:space="preserve">然 <pb facs="X06.01.099A" n="十四a"/> 後天窗擲柴燒兩時，</s> <s xml:id="N402C88" xml:space="preserve">火力從上秀下。</s> <s xml:id="N402C8B" xml:space="preserve">器在火中其軟如<lb/>棉絮，</s> <s xml:id="N402C8E" xml:space="preserve">以鐵叉取一以驗火候之足，</s> <s xml:id="N402C91" xml:space="preserve">辨認真足，</s> <s xml:id="N402C94" xml:space="preserve">然後絕薪<lb/>止火。</s> <s xml:id="N402C97" xml:space="preserve">共計一坯工力。</s> <s xml:id="N402C9A" xml:space="preserve">過手七十二方克成器，</s> <s xml:id="N402C9D" xml:space="preserve">其中微細<lb/>節目尚不能盡也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d017540" type="section"> <head xml:id="N402CA2" xml:space="preserve">附：窯變 回青</head> <p xml:id="N402CA5"> <s xml:id="N402CA7" xml:space="preserve">正德中，</s> <s xml:id="N402CAA" xml:space="preserve">內使監造御器。</s> <s xml:id="N402CAD" xml:space="preserve">時宣紅失傳不成，</s> <s xml:id="N402CB0" xml:space="preserve">身家俱喪。</s> <s xml:id="N402CB3" xml:space="preserve">一<lb/>人躍入自焚，</s> <s xml:id="N402CB6" xml:space="preserve">托夢他人造出，</s> <s xml:id="N402CB9" xml:space="preserve">況傳窯變，</s> <s xml:id="N402CBC" xml:space="preserve">好異者遂妄傳<lb/>燒出鹿、</s> <s xml:id="N402CBF" xml:space="preserve">象諸異物也。</s> <s xml:id="N402CC2" xml:space="preserve">又回青乃<name type="place" xml:id="N402CC2-01">西域</name>大青，</s> <s xml:id="N402CC5" xml:space="preserve">美者亦名佛<lb/>頭青。</s> <s xml:id="N402CC8" xml:space="preserve">上料無名異出火似之，</s> <s xml:id="N402CCB" xml:space="preserve">非大青入洪爐存本色也。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.099B" n="十四b"/> <figure xml:id="d017602"> <graphic url="X06.01.099B-01"/> <head xml:id="d017607" xml:space="preserve">瓷器窯</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d017610" xml:space="preserve">天窗十二眼<lb/>後入薪燒火<lb/>而個时火<lb/>從上足下<lb/>共計火力<lb/>十二时辰</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d017623" xml:space="preserve">門火先燒十個时<lb/>足火從下攻上</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.100A" n="十五a"/> <figure xml:id="d017632"> <graphic url="X06.01.100A-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d017637" xml:space="preserve">過利</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d017640" xml:space="preserve">手刀一振<lb/>即成雀口</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d017645" xml:space="preserve">造瓷圓<lb/>器杯盤</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d017650" xml:space="preserve">陶車根<lb/>埋土内</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.100B" n="十五b"/> <figure xml:id="d017658"> <graphic url="X06.01.100B-01"/> <head xml:id="d017663" xml:space="preserve">瓷器汶水</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.101A" n="十六a"/> <figure xml:id="d017669"> <graphic url="X06.01.101A-01"/> <head xml:id="d017674" xml:space="preserve">打圈</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d017677" xml:space="preserve">回青<lb/>畫</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.101B" n="十六b"/> <figure xml:id="d017686"> <graphic url="X06.01.101B-01"/> <head xml:id="d017691" xml:space="preserve">瓷器過銹</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.102A" n="十七a"/> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d017699" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N402CD2" xml:space="preserve">冶鑄第八卷</head> <p xml:id="N402CD5"> <s xml:id="N402CD7" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N402CDA" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402CDA-01">首山</name>之採，</s> <s xml:id="N402CDD" xml:space="preserve">肇自軒轅，</s> <s xml:id="N402CE0" xml:space="preserve">源流遠矣哉。</s> <s xml:id="N402CE3" xml:space="preserve">九牧貢金，</s> <s xml:id="N402CE6" xml:space="preserve">用<lb/>襄禹鼎，</s> <s xml:id="N402CE9" xml:space="preserve">從此火金功用日異而月新矣。</s> <s xml:id="N402CEC" xml:space="preserve">夫金之生也。</s> <s xml:id="N402CEF" xml:space="preserve">以<lb/>土爲母，</s> <s xml:id="N402CF2" xml:space="preserve">及其成形而效用于世也，</s> <s xml:id="N402CF5" xml:space="preserve">母模子肖，</s> <s xml:id="N402CF8" xml:space="preserve">亦猶是焉。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402CFB" xml:space="preserve">精粗巨細之間，</s> <s xml:id="d017756" xml:space="preserve">但見鈍者司舂，</s> <s xml:id="d017759" xml:space="preserve">利者司墾，</s> <s xml:id="d017762" xml:space="preserve">薄其身以媒<lb/>合水火而百姓繁，</s> <s xml:id="N402CFE" xml:space="preserve">虛其腹以振蕩空靈而八音起。</s> <s xml:id="N402D01" xml:space="preserve">願者<lb/>肖仙梵之身，</s> <s xml:id="N402D04" xml:space="preserve">而塵凡有至象。</s> <s xml:id="N402D07" xml:space="preserve">巧者奪上清之魄，</s> <s xml:id="N402D0A" xml:space="preserve">而海宇<lb/>遍流泉，</s> <s xml:id="N402D0D" xml:space="preserve">即屈指唱籌，</s> <s xml:id="N402D10" xml:space="preserve">豈能悉數！</s> <s xml:id="N402D13" xml:space="preserve">要之，</s> <s xml:id="N402D16" xml:space="preserve">人力不至一此。</s> </p> <div xml:id="d017801" type="section"> <head xml:id="N402D1B" xml:space="preserve">鼎</head> <pb facs="X06.01.102B" n="十七b"/> <p xml:id="N402D20"> <s xml:id="N402D22" xml:space="preserve">凡鑄鼎，</s> <s xml:id="N402D25" xml:space="preserve">唐虞以前不可考。</s> <s xml:id="N402D28" xml:space="preserve">唯禹鑄九鼎，</s> <s xml:id="N402D2B" xml:space="preserve">則因九州貢賦<lb/>壤則已成，</s> <s xml:id="N402D2E" xml:space="preserve">入貢方物歲例已定，</s> <s xml:id="N402D31" xml:space="preserve">疏浚河道已通，</s> <s xml:id="N402D34" xml:space="preserve">禹貢業<lb/>已成書。</s> <s xml:id="N402D37" xml:space="preserve">恐後世人君增賦重斂，</s> <s xml:id="N402D3A" xml:space="preserve">後代侯國冒貢奇淫，</s> <s xml:id="N402D3D" xml:space="preserve">後<lb/>日治水之人不同其道，</s> <s xml:id="N402D40" xml:space="preserve">故鑄之于鼎。</s> <s xml:id="N402D43" xml:space="preserve">不如書籍之易去，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402D46" xml:space="preserve">使有所遵守，</s> <s xml:id="N402D49" xml:space="preserve">不可移易，</s> <s xml:id="N402D4C" xml:space="preserve">此九鼎所爲鑄也。</s> <s xml:id="N402D4F" xml:space="preserve">年代久遠，</s> <s xml:id="N402D52" xml:space="preserve">末<lb/>學寡聞，</s> <s xml:id="N402D55" xml:space="preserve">如賓珠、</s> <s xml:id="N402D58" xml:space="preserve"><g type="V">曁</g>魚、</s> <s xml:id="N402D5B" xml:space="preserve">狐狸、</s> <s xml:id="N402D5E" xml:space="preserve">織皮之類皆其刻畫于鼎上<lb/>者，</s> <s xml:id="N402D61" xml:space="preserve">或漫滅改形亦未可知，</s> <s xml:id="N402D64" xml:space="preserve">陋者遂以爲怪物。</s> <s xml:id="N402D67" xml:space="preserve">故《春秋傳》<lb/>有使知神奸、</s> <s xml:id="N402D6A" xml:space="preserve">不逢魑魅之說也。</s> <s xml:id="N402D6D" xml:space="preserve">此鼎入秦始亡。</s> <s xml:id="N402D70" xml:space="preserve">而春秋<lb/>時郜大鼎、</s> <s xml:id="N402D73" xml:space="preserve">莒二方鼎，</s> <s xml:id="N402D76" xml:space="preserve">皆其列國自造，</s> <s xml:id="N402D79" xml:space="preserve">即有刻畫必失禹 <pb facs="X06.01.103A" n="十八a"/> 貢初旨。</s> <s xml:id="N402D7F" xml:space="preserve">此但存名爲古物，</s> <s xml:id="N402D82" xml:space="preserve">後世圖籍繁多，</s> <s xml:id="N402D85" xml:space="preserve">百倍上古，</s> <s xml:id="N402D88" xml:space="preserve">亦<lb/>不複鑄鼎，</s> <s xml:id="N402D8B" xml:space="preserve">特並志之。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d017945" type="section"> <head xml:id="N402D90" xml:space="preserve">鐘</head> <p xml:id="N402D93"> <s xml:id="N402D95" xml:space="preserve">凡鐘爲金樂之首，</s> <s xml:id="N402D98" xml:space="preserve">其聲一宣，</s> <s xml:id="N402D9B" xml:space="preserve">大者聞十里，</s> <s xml:id="N402D9E" xml:space="preserve">小者亦及里<lb/>之余。</s> <s xml:id="N402DA1" xml:space="preserve">故君視朝、</s> <s xml:id="N402DA4" xml:space="preserve">官出署必用以集眾，</s> <s xml:id="N402DA7" xml:space="preserve">而鄉飲酒禮必用<lb/>以和歌，</s> <s xml:id="d017980" xml:space="preserve">梵宮仙殿必用以明攝謁者之誠，</s> <s xml:id="N402DAA" xml:space="preserve">幽起鬼神之<lb/>敬。</s> <s xml:id="N402DAD" xml:space="preserve">凡鑄鐘高者銅質，</s> <s xml:id="N402DB0" xml:space="preserve">下者鐵質。</s> <s xml:id="N402DB3" xml:space="preserve">今北極朝鐘則純用響<lb/>銅，</s> <s xml:id="N402DB6" xml:space="preserve">每口共費銅四萬七千斤、</s> <s xml:id="N402DB9" xml:space="preserve">錫四千斤、</s> <s xml:id="N402DBC" xml:space="preserve">金五十兩、</s> <s xml:id="N402DBF" xml:space="preserve">銀一<lb/>百二十兩于內。</s> <s xml:id="N402DC2" xml:space="preserve">成器亦重二萬斤，</s> <s xml:id="N402DC5" xml:space="preserve">身高一丈一尺五寸，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.103B" n="十八b"/> <s xml:id="N402DCA" xml:space="preserve">雙龍蒲牢高二尺七寸，</s> <s xml:id="N402DCD" xml:space="preserve">口徑八尺，</s> <s xml:id="N402DD0" xml:space="preserve">則今朝鐘之制也。</s> <s xml:id="N402DD3" xml:space="preserve">凡<lb/>造萬鈞鐘與鑄鼎法同，</s> <s xml:id="N402DD6" xml:space="preserve">掘抗深丈幾尺，</s> <s xml:id="N402DD9" xml:space="preserve">燥築其中如房<lb/>舍，</s> <s xml:id="N402DDC" xml:space="preserve">埏泥作模骨，</s> <s xml:id="d018049" xml:space="preserve">其模骨、</s> <s xml:id="N402DDF" xml:space="preserve">用石灰、</s> <s xml:id="N402DE2" xml:space="preserve">三和土築、</s> <s xml:id="N402DE5" xml:space="preserve">不使有絲毫<lb/>隙拆。</s> <s xml:id="N402DE8" xml:space="preserve">幹燥之後以牛油、</s> <s xml:id="N402DEB" xml:space="preserve">黃蠟附其上數寸。</s> <s xml:id="N402DEE" xml:space="preserve">油蠟分兩：</s> <s xml:id="N402DF1" xml:space="preserve">油<lb/>居什八，</s> <s xml:id="N402DF4" xml:space="preserve">蠟居什麼二。</s> <s xml:id="N402DF7" xml:space="preserve">其上高蔽抵晴雨。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d018085"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402DFA" xml:space="preserve">夏月不可爲，</s> <s xml:id="N402DFD" xml:space="preserve">油不凍結。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402E00" xml:space="preserve">油<lb/>蠟墁定，</s> <s xml:id="N402E03" xml:space="preserve">然後雕鏤書文、</s> <s xml:id="N402E06" xml:space="preserve">物象，</s> <s xml:id="N402E09" xml:space="preserve">絲發成就。</s> <s xml:id="N402E0C" xml:space="preserve">然後舂篩絕細<lb/>土與炭末爲泥，</s> <s xml:id="N402E0F" xml:space="preserve">塗墁以漸而加厚至數寸，</s> <s xml:id="N402E12" xml:space="preserve">使其內外透<lb/>體幹堅，</s> <s xml:id="N402E15" xml:space="preserve">外施火力炙化其中油蠟，</s> <s xml:id="N402E18" xml:space="preserve">從口上孔隙鎔流淨<lb/>盡，</s> <s xml:id="N402E1B" xml:space="preserve">則其中空處即鐘鼎托之區也。</s> <s xml:id="N402E1E" xml:space="preserve">凡油蠟一斤虛位，</s> <s xml:id="N402E21" xml:space="preserve">填 <pb facs="X06.01.104A" n="十九a"/> 銅十斤。</s> <s xml:id="N402E24" xml:space="preserve">塑油時盡油十斤，</s> <s xml:id="N402E27" xml:space="preserve">則備銅百斤以俟之。</s> <s xml:id="N402E2A" xml:space="preserve">中既空<lb/>淨，</s> <s xml:id="N402E2D" xml:space="preserve">則議鎔銅。</s> <s xml:id="N402E30" xml:space="preserve">凡火銅至萬鈞，</s> <s xml:id="N402E33" xml:space="preserve">非手足所能驅使。</s> <s xml:id="N402E36" xml:space="preserve">四面築<lb/>爐，</s> <s xml:id="N402E39" xml:space="preserve">四面泥作槽道，</s> <s xml:id="N402E3C" xml:space="preserve">其道上口承接爐中，</s> <s xml:id="N402E3F" xml:space="preserve">下口斜低以就<lb/>鐘鼎入銅孔，</s> <s xml:id="N402E42" xml:space="preserve">槽傍一齊紅炭熾圍。</s> <s xml:id="N402E45" xml:space="preserve">洪爐鎔化時，</s> <s xml:id="d018195" xml:space="preserve">決開槽<lb/>梗、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d018200"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402E4B" xml:space="preserve">先泥土爲槽梗塞住。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402E4E" xml:space="preserve">一劑如水橫流，</s> <s xml:id="N402E51" xml:space="preserve">從槽道中視注而下，</s> <s xml:id="N402E54" xml:space="preserve">鐘鼎<lb/>成矣。</s> <s xml:id="N402E57" xml:space="preserve">凡萬鈞鐵鐘與爐、</s> <s xml:id="N402E5A" xml:space="preserve">釜，</s> <s xml:id="N402E5D" xml:space="preserve">其法皆同，</s> <s xml:id="N402E60" xml:space="preserve">而塑法則由人省<lb/>嗇也。</s> <s xml:id="N402E63" xml:space="preserve">若千斤以內者則不須如此勞費，</s> <s xml:id="N402E66" xml:space="preserve">但多捏十數鍋<lb/>爐。</s> <s xml:id="N402E69" xml:space="preserve">爐形如箕，</s> <s xml:id="N402E6C" xml:space="preserve">鐵條作骨，</s> <s xml:id="N402E6F" xml:space="preserve">附泥做就。</s> <s xml:id="N402E72" xml:space="preserve">其下先以鐵片圈筒<lb/>直透作兩孔，</s> <s xml:id="N402E75" xml:space="preserve">以受杠穿。</s> <s xml:id="N402E78" xml:space="preserve">其爐墊于土墩之上，</s> <s xml:id="N402E7B" xml:space="preserve">各爐一齊 <pb facs="X06.01.104B" n="十九b"/> 鼓<g type="V">鞲</g>鎔化。</s> <s xml:id="N402E81" xml:space="preserve">化後以兩杠穿爐下，</s> <s xml:id="N402E84" xml:space="preserve">輕者兩人、</s> <s xml:id="N402E87" xml:space="preserve">重者數人抬<lb/>起，</s> <s xml:id="N402E8A" xml:space="preserve">傾注模底孔中。</s> <s xml:id="N402E8D" xml:space="preserve">甲爐既傾，</s> <s xml:id="N402E90" xml:space="preserve">乙爐疾繼之，</s> <s xml:id="N402E93" xml:space="preserve">丙爐又疾繼<lb/>之，</s> <s xml:id="N402E96" xml:space="preserve">其中自然粘合。</s> <s xml:id="N402E99" xml:space="preserve">若相承迂緩，</s> <s xml:id="N402E9C" xml:space="preserve">則先入之質欲凍，</s> <s xml:id="N402E9F" xml:space="preserve">後者<lb/>不粘，</s> <s xml:id="N402EA2" xml:space="preserve">釁所由生也。</s> <s xml:id="N402EA5" xml:space="preserve">凡鐵鐘模不重費油蠟者，</s> <s xml:id="N402EA8" xml:space="preserve">先埏土作<lb/>外模，</s> <s xml:id="N402EAB" xml:space="preserve">剖破兩邊形或爲兩截，</s> <s xml:id="N402EAE" xml:space="preserve">以子口串合，</s> <s xml:id="N402EB1" xml:space="preserve">翻刻書文于<lb/>其上。</s> <s xml:id="N402EB4" xml:space="preserve">內模縮小分寸，</s> <s xml:id="N402EB7" xml:space="preserve">空其中體，</s> <s xml:id="N402EBA" xml:space="preserve">精筭而就外模刻文後<lb/>以牛油滑之，</s> <s xml:id="N402EBD" xml:space="preserve">使他日器無粘<g type="V">糷</g>，</s> <s xml:id="N402EC0" xml:space="preserve">然後盖上，</s> <s xml:id="N402EC3" xml:space="preserve">泥合其縫而<lb/>受鑄焉。</s> <s xml:id="N402EC6" xml:space="preserve">巨磬、</s> <s xml:id="N402EC9" xml:space="preserve">雲板，</s> <s xml:id="N402ECC" xml:space="preserve">法皆仿此。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d018380" type="section"> <head xml:id="N402ECF" xml:space="preserve">釜</head> <pb facs="X06.01.105A" n="二十a"/> <p xml:id="d018387"> <s xml:id="N402ED2" xml:space="preserve">凡釜儲水受火，</s> <s xml:id="N402ED7" xml:space="preserve">日用司命系焉。</s> <s xml:id="N402EDA" xml:space="preserve">鑄用生鐵或廢鑄鐵器<lb/>爲質。</s> <s xml:id="N402EDD" xml:space="preserve">大小無定式，</s> <s xml:id="N402EE0" xml:space="preserve">常用者徑口二尺爲率，</s> <s xml:id="N402EE3" xml:space="preserve">厚約二分。</s> <s xml:id="N402EE6" xml:space="preserve">小<lb/>者徑口半之，</s> <s xml:id="N402EE9" xml:space="preserve">厚薄不減。</s> <s xml:id="N402EEC" xml:space="preserve">春模內外爲兩層，</s> <s xml:id="N402EEF" xml:space="preserve">先塑其內，</s> <s xml:id="N402EF2" xml:space="preserve">俟<lb/>久日幹燥，</s> <s xml:id="N402EF5" xml:space="preserve">合釜形分寸于上，</s> <s xml:id="N402EF8" xml:space="preserve">然後塑外層盖模。</s> <s xml:id="N402EFB" xml:space="preserve">此塑匠<lb/>最精，</s> <s xml:id="N402EFE" xml:space="preserve">差之毫厘則無用。</s> <s xml:id="N402F01" xml:space="preserve">模既成就幹燥，</s> <s xml:id="N402F04" xml:space="preserve">然後泥捏冶爐，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402F07" xml:space="preserve">其中如釜，</s> <s xml:id="N402F0A" xml:space="preserve">受生鐵于中。</s> <s xml:id="N402F0D" xml:space="preserve">其爐北透管通風，</s> <s xml:id="N402F10" xml:space="preserve">爐面捏嘴出<lb/>鐵。</s> <s xml:id="N402F13" xml:space="preserve">一爐所化約十釜、</s> <s xml:id="N402F16" xml:space="preserve">二十釜之料。</s> <s xml:id="N402F19" xml:space="preserve">鐵化如水，</s> <s xml:id="N402F1C" xml:space="preserve">以泥固純<lb/>鐵柄杓從嘴受注。</s> <s xml:id="N402F1F" xml:space="preserve">一杓約一釜之料，</s> <s xml:id="N402F22" xml:space="preserve">傾注模底孔內，</s> <s xml:id="N402F25" xml:space="preserve">不<lb/>俟冷定即揭開盖模，</s> <s xml:id="N402F28" xml:space="preserve">看視罅綻未周之處。</s> <s xml:id="N402F2B" xml:space="preserve">此時釜身尚 <pb facs="X06.01.105B" n="二十b"/> 通紅未黑，</s> <s xml:id="N402F31" xml:space="preserve">有不到處即澆少許于上補完，</s> <s xml:id="N402F34" xml:space="preserve">打濕草片按<lb/>平，</s> <s xml:id="N402F37" xml:space="preserve">若無痕跡。</s> <s xml:id="N402F3A" xml:space="preserve">凡生鐵初鑄釜，</s> <s xml:id="N402F3D" xml:space="preserve">補綻者甚多，</s> <s xml:id="N402F40" xml:space="preserve">唯廢破釜鐵<lb/>鎔鑄，</s> <s xml:id="N402F43" xml:space="preserve">則無複隙漏。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d018527"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402F46" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N402F46-01">朝鮮國</name>欲破釜必棄之山中，</s> <s xml:id="N402F49" xml:space="preserve">不以還爐。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402F4C" xml:space="preserve">凡釜既成後，</s> <s xml:id="N402F4F" xml:space="preserve">試<lb/>法以輕杖敲老祖宗，</s> <s xml:id="N402F52" xml:space="preserve">響聲如木者佳，</s> <s xml:id="N402F55" xml:space="preserve">聲有差響則鐵質<lb/>未熟之故，</s> <s xml:id="N402F58" xml:space="preserve">他日易爲損壞。</s> <s xml:id="N402F5B" xml:space="preserve">海內叢林大處，</s> <s xml:id="N402F5E" xml:space="preserve">鑄有千僧鍋<lb/>者，</s> <s xml:id="N402F61" xml:space="preserve">煮糜受米二石，</s> <s xml:id="N402F64" xml:space="preserve">此真癡物云。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d018582" type="section"> <head xml:id="N402F69" xml:space="preserve">像</head> <p xml:id="N402F6C"> <s xml:id="N402F6E" xml:space="preserve">凡鑄仙佛銅像，</s> <s xml:id="N402F71" xml:space="preserve">塑法與朝鐘同。</s> <s xml:id="N402F74" xml:space="preserve">但鐘鼎不可接，</s> <s xml:id="N402F77" xml:space="preserve">而像則<lb/>數接爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N402F7A" xml:space="preserve">故寫時爲力甚易，</s> <s xml:id="N402F7D" xml:space="preserve">但接模之法分寸最精云。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.106A" n="二一a"/> </div> <div xml:id="d018616" type="section"> <head xml:id="N402F84" xml:space="preserve">炮</head> <p xml:id="N402F87"> <s xml:id="N402F89" xml:space="preserve">凡鑄炮，</s> <s xml:id="N402F8C" xml:space="preserve">西洋、</s> <s xml:id="N402F8F" xml:space="preserve">紅夷、</s> <s xml:id="N402F92" xml:space="preserve">佛郎機等用熟銅造，</s> <s xml:id="N402F95" xml:space="preserve">信炮、</s> <s xml:id="N402F98" xml:space="preserve">短提銃等<lb/>用生熟銅兼半造，</s> <s xml:id="N402F9B" xml:space="preserve">襄陽、</s> <s xml:id="N402F9E" xml:space="preserve">盞口、</s> <s xml:id="N402FA1" xml:space="preserve">大將軍、</s> <s xml:id="N402FA4" xml:space="preserve">二將軍等用鐵造。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d018660" type="section"> <head xml:id="N402FA7" xml:space="preserve">鏡</head> <p xml:id="d018665"> <s xml:id="N402FAA" xml:space="preserve">凡鑄鏡，</s> <s xml:id="N402FAD" xml:space="preserve">模用灰沙，</s> <s xml:id="N402FB0" xml:space="preserve">銅用錫和。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d018676"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402FB3" xml:space="preserve">不用倭鉛。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402FB6" xml:space="preserve">《考工記》亦云：</s> <s xml:id="N402FB9" xml:space="preserve">“金錫相<lb/>半，</s> <s xml:id="N402FBC" xml:space="preserve">謂之鑒、</s> <s xml:id="N402FBF" xml:space="preserve">燧之劑。”</s> <s xml:id="N402FC2" xml:space="preserve">開面成光，</s> <s xml:id="N402FC5" xml:space="preserve">則水銀附體而成，</s> <s xml:id="N402FC8" xml:space="preserve">非銅有<lb/>光明如許也。</s> <s xml:id="N402FCB" xml:space="preserve">唐開元宮中鏡盡以白銀與銅等分鑄成，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N402FCE" xml:space="preserve">每口值銀數兩者以此故。</s> <s xml:id="N402FD1" xml:space="preserve">朱砂斑點乃金銀精華發現。<lb/></s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d018728"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402FD4" xml:space="preserve">古爐有入金于內者。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402FD7" xml:space="preserve">我朝宣爐亦緣某庫偶災，</s> <s xml:id="N402FDA" xml:space="preserve">金銀雜銅錫化作 <pb facs="X06.01.106B" n="二一b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.106B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.106B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.107A" n="二二a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.107A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.107A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.107B" n="二二b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.107B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.107B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.108A" n="二三a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.108A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.108A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.108B" n="二三b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.108B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.108B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.109A" n="二四a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.109A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.109A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.109B" n="二四b"/> 一團，</s> <s xml:id="N402FE0" xml:space="preserve">命以做爐。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d018780"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N402FE3" xml:space="preserve">真者錯現金色。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N402FE6" xml:space="preserve">唐鏡、</s> <s xml:id="N402FE9" xml:space="preserve">宣爐皆朝延盛世物也。</s> </p> <floatingText> <body> <div type="float" xml:id="d018801"> <figure xml:id="d018803" corresp="fig-X06.01.106B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.106B-01"/> <head xml:id="d018808" xml:space="preserve">鑄鼎圖朝</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d018811" xml:space="preserve">土槽</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d018814" xml:space="preserve">土槽</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d018817" xml:space="preserve">入孔</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d018821" corresp="fig-X06.01.107A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.107A-01"/> <head xml:id="d018826" xml:space="preserve">鍾同法</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d018829" xml:space="preserve">鼎足別<lb/>鑄鬥合</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d018834" xml:space="preserve">槽</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d018838" corresp="fig-X06.01.107B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.107B-01"/> <head xml:id="d018843" xml:space="preserve">鑄干斤</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d018847" corresp="fig-X06.01.108A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.108A-01"/> <head xml:id="d018852" xml:space="preserve">鍾與仙佛像圖</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d018856" corresp="fig-X06.01.108B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.108B-01"/> <head xml:id="d018861" xml:space="preserve">塑鍾模圖 塑鍾模圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d018864" xml:space="preserve">牛脂<lb/>受鏤</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d018869" xml:space="preserve">翻刻鐵鍾外模</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d018874" corresp="fig-X06.01.109A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.109A-01"/> <head xml:id="d018879" xml:space="preserve">鑄釜圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d018882" xml:space="preserve">鐵水<lb/>鎔内</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d018887" xml:space="preserve">揭盖</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d018890" xml:space="preserve">補鏬</ab> </figure> </div> </body> </floatingText> </div> <div xml:id="d018896" type="section"> <head xml:id="N402FEE" xml:space="preserve">錢</head> <p xml:id="N402FF1"> <s xml:id="N402FF3" xml:space="preserve">凡鑄銅爲錢以利民用，</s> <s xml:id="N402FF6" xml:space="preserve">一面刊國號通寶四字，</s> <s xml:id="N402FF9" xml:space="preserve">工部分<lb/>司主之。</s> <s xml:id="N402FFC" xml:space="preserve">凡錢通利者，</s> <s xml:id="N402FFF" xml:space="preserve">以十文抵銀一分值。</s> <s xml:id="N403002" xml:space="preserve">其大錢當五、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403005" xml:space="preserve">當十，</s> <s xml:id="N403008" xml:space="preserve">其弊便于私鑄，</s> <s xml:id="N40300B" xml:space="preserve">反以害民，</s> <s xml:id="N40300E" xml:space="preserve">故中外行而輒不行也。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403011" xml:space="preserve">凡鑄錢每十斤，</s> <s xml:id="N403014" xml:space="preserve">紅銅居六七，</s> <s xml:id="N403017" xml:space="preserve">倭鉛</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d018952"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d018957" xml:space="preserve">京中名水錫</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d018968" xml:space="preserve">居三四，</s> <s xml:id="N40301A" xml:space="preserve">此等<lb/>分大略。</s> <s xml:id="N40301D" xml:space="preserve">倭鉛每見烈火必耗四分之一。</s> <s xml:id="N403020" xml:space="preserve">我朝行用錢高<lb/>色者，</s> <s xml:id="N403023" xml:space="preserve">唯<name type="place" xml:id="N403023-01">北京</name>寶源局黃錢與<name type="place" xml:id="N403023-02">廣東</name><name type="place" xml:id="N403023-03">高州</name>爐青錢，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d018996"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403026" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403026-01">高州</name>錢行盛漳<lb/>泉路。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N403029" xml:space="preserve">其價一文敵<name type="place" xml:id="N403029-01">南</name><name type="place" xml:id="N403029-02">直</name><name type="place" xml:id="N403029-03">江</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40302C" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40302C-01">淛</name>等二文。</s> <s xml:id="N40302F" xml:space="preserve">黃錢又分二等，</s> <s xml:id="N403032" xml:space="preserve">四火 <pb facs="X06.01.110A" n="二五a"/> 銅所鑄曰金背錢，</s> <s xml:id="N403038" xml:space="preserve">二火銅所鑄曰火漆錢。</s> <s xml:id="N40303B" xml:space="preserve">凡鑄錢鎔銅<lb/>之罐，</s> <s xml:id="N40303E" xml:space="preserve">以絕細土末</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d019054"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d019059" xml:space="preserve">打碎幹土磚妙</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d019070" xml:space="preserve">和炭末爲之。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d019073"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403041" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403041-01">京</name>爐用牛蹄甲，</s> <s xml:id="N403044" xml:space="preserve">未說何作用。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <lb/> <s xml:id="N403047" xml:space="preserve">罐料十兩，</s> <s xml:id="N40304A" xml:space="preserve">土居七而炭居三，</s> <s xml:id="N40304D" xml:space="preserve">以炭灰性煖，</s> <s xml:id="N403050" xml:space="preserve">佐土使易化<lb/>物也。</s> <s xml:id="N403053" xml:space="preserve">罐長八寸，</s> <s xml:id="N403056" xml:space="preserve">口徑二寸五分。</s> <s xml:id="N403059" xml:space="preserve">一罐約載銅，</s> <s xml:id="N40305C" xml:space="preserve">鉛十斤，</s> <s xml:id="N40305F" xml:space="preserve">銅<lb/>先入化，</s> <s xml:id="N403062" xml:space="preserve">然後投鉛，</s> <s xml:id="N403065" xml:space="preserve">洪爐扇合，</s> <s xml:id="N403068" xml:space="preserve">傾入模內。</s> <s xml:id="N40306B" xml:space="preserve">凡鑄錢模以木<lb/>四條爲空匡。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d019140"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40306E" xml:space="preserve">木長一尺一寸，</s> <s xml:id="N403071" xml:space="preserve">闊一寸二分。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N403074" xml:space="preserve">土炭末篩令極細，</s> <s xml:id="N403077" xml:space="preserve">填實匡<lb/>中，</s> <s xml:id="N40307A" xml:space="preserve">微灑杉木炭灰或柳木炭灰于其面上，</s> <s xml:id="N40307D" xml:space="preserve">或熏模則用<lb/>松香與清油，</s> <s xml:id="N403080" xml:space="preserve">然後以母錢百文</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d019179"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d019184" xml:space="preserve">用錫雕成</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d019195" xml:space="preserve">或字或背布置其<lb/>上。</s> <s xml:id="N403083" xml:space="preserve">又用一匡如前當填實合盖之，</s> <s xml:id="N403086" xml:space="preserve">既合之後，</s> <s xml:id="N403089" xml:space="preserve">已成面、</s> <s xml:id="N40308C" xml:space="preserve">背 <pb facs="X06.01.110B" n="二五b"/> 兩匡，</s> <s xml:id="N403092" xml:space="preserve">隨手覆轉，</s> <s xml:id="N403095" xml:space="preserve">則母線盡落後匡之上。</s> <s xml:id="N403098" xml:space="preserve">又用一匡填實，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40309B" xml:space="preserve">合上後匡，</s> <s xml:id="N40309E" xml:space="preserve">如是轉覆，</s> <s xml:id="N4030A1" xml:space="preserve">只合十余匡，</s> <s xml:id="N4030A4" xml:space="preserve">然後以繩捆定。</s> <s xml:id="N4030A7" xml:space="preserve">其木<lb/>匡上弦原留入銅眼孔，</s> <s xml:id="N4030AA" xml:space="preserve">鑄工用膺嘴鉗，</s> <s xml:id="N4030AD" xml:space="preserve">洪爐提出鎔罐，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4030B0" xml:space="preserve">一人以雖鉗扶抬罐底相助，</s> <s xml:id="N4030B3" xml:space="preserve">逐一傾入孔中。</s> <s xml:id="N4030B6" xml:space="preserve">冷定解繩<lb/>開匡，</s> <s xml:id="N4030B9" xml:space="preserve">則磊落百文，</s> <s xml:id="N4030BC" xml:space="preserve">如花果附枝。</s> <s xml:id="N4030BF" xml:space="preserve">模中原印空梗，</s> <s xml:id="N4030C2" xml:space="preserve">走銅如<lb/>樹枝樣，</s> <s xml:id="N4030C5" xml:space="preserve">挾出逐一摘斷，</s> <s xml:id="N4030C8" xml:space="preserve">以待磨差成錢。</s> <s xml:id="N4030CB" xml:space="preserve">凡錢先錯邊沿，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4030CE" xml:space="preserve">以竹木條直貫數百文受差，</s> <s xml:id="N4030D1" xml:space="preserve">後差平面則逐一爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N4030D4" xml:space="preserve">凡<lb/>錢高低以鉛多寡分，</s> <s xml:id="N4030D7" xml:space="preserve">其厚重與薄削，</s> <s xml:id="N4030DA" xml:space="preserve">則昭然易見。</s> <s xml:id="N4030DD" xml:space="preserve">鉛賤<lb/>銅貴，</s> <s xml:id="N4030E0" xml:space="preserve">私鑄者至對半爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N4030E3" xml:space="preserve">以之擲階石上，</s> <s xml:id="N4030E6" xml:space="preserve">聲如木石者，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.111A" n="二十六a"/> <s xml:id="N4030EB" xml:space="preserve">此低錢也。</s> <s xml:id="N4030EE" xml:space="preserve">若高錢銅九鉛一，</s> <s xml:id="N4030F1" xml:space="preserve">則擲地作金聲矣。</s> <s xml:id="N4030F4" xml:space="preserve">凡將成<lb/>器廢銅鑄錢者，</s> <s xml:id="N4030F7" xml:space="preserve">每火十耗其一。</s> <s xml:id="N4030FA" xml:space="preserve">盖鉛質先走，</s> <s xml:id="N4030FD" xml:space="preserve">其銅色漸<lb/>高，</s> <s xml:id="N403100" xml:space="preserve">勝于淞銅初化者。</s> <s xml:id="N403103" xml:space="preserve">若<name type="place" xml:id="N403103-01">琉球諸國</name>銀錢，</s> <s xml:id="N403106" xml:space="preserve">其模即鑿鍥鐵<lb/>鉗頭上，</s> <s xml:id="N403109" xml:space="preserve">銀化之時入鍋夾取，</s> <s xml:id="N40310C" xml:space="preserve">淬于冷水之中，</s> <s xml:id="N40310F" xml:space="preserve">即落一錢<lb/>其內。</s> <s xml:id="N403112" xml:space="preserve">圖并具後。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d019379" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403115" xml:space="preserve">附：鐵錢</head> <p xml:id="d019384"> <s xml:id="N40311B" xml:space="preserve">鐵質賤甚，</s> <s xml:id="N40311E" xml:space="preserve">從古無鑄錢。</s> <s xml:id="N403121" xml:space="preserve">起于唐藩鎮魏博諸地，</s> <s xml:id="N403124" xml:space="preserve">銅貨不<lb/>通，</s> <s xml:id="N403127" xml:space="preserve">始冶爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N40312A" xml:space="preserve">盖斯須之計也。</s> <s xml:id="N40312D" xml:space="preserve">皇家盛時則冶銀爲豆，</s> <s xml:id="N403130" xml:space="preserve">阿<lb/>伯衰時則鑄鐵爲錢。</s> <s xml:id="N403133" xml:space="preserve">併志博物者感慨。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.111B" n="二十六b"/> <figure xml:id="d019421"> <graphic url="X06.01.111B-01"/> <head xml:id="d019426" xml:space="preserve">鑄錢</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d019429" xml:space="preserve">母錢印模</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.112A" n="二十七a"/> <figure xml:id="d019436"> <graphic url="X06.01.112A-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d019441" xml:space="preserve">入銅孔</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d019444" xml:space="preserve">鷹嘴鉗</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.112B" n="二十七b"/> <figure xml:id="d019450"> <graphic url="X06.01.112B-01"/> <head xml:id="d019455" xml:space="preserve">鎈錢</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.113A" n="二十八a"/> <figure xml:id="d019461"> <graphic url="X06.01.113A-01"/> <head xml:id="d019466" xml:space="preserve">倭國造銀錢</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.113B" n="二十八b"/> <pb facs="X06.01.114A" n="二九a"/> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d019477" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N40313A" xml:space="preserve">舟車第九卷</head> <p xml:id="N40313D"> <s xml:id="N40313F" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N403142" xml:space="preserve">人群分而物異產，</s> <s xml:id="N403145" xml:space="preserve">來往懋遷以成宇宙。</s> <s xml:id="N403148" xml:space="preserve">若各居<lb/>而老死，</s> <s xml:id="N40314B" xml:space="preserve">何藉有群類哉？</s> <s xml:id="N40314E" xml:space="preserve">人有貴而必出，</s> <s xml:id="N403151" xml:space="preserve">行畏周行；</s> <s xml:id="N403154" xml:space="preserve">物有<lb/>賤而必須，</s> <s xml:id="N403157" xml:space="preserve">坐窮負販。</s> <s xml:id="N40315A" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40315A-01">四海之內</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N40315D" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40315D-01">南</name>資舟而<name type="place" xml:id="N40315D-02">北</name>資車。</s> <s xml:id="N403160" xml:space="preserve">梯航<lb/>萬國，</s> <s xml:id="N403163" xml:space="preserve">能使帝京元氣充然。</s> <s xml:id="N403166" xml:space="preserve">何其始造舟車者不食尸祝<lb/>之報也。</s> <s xml:id="N403169" xml:space="preserve">浮海長年，</s> <s xml:id="N40316C" xml:space="preserve">視萬頃波如平地，</s> <s xml:id="N40316F" xml:space="preserve">此與列子所謂御<lb/>冷風者無異。</s> <s xml:id="N403172" xml:space="preserve">傳所稱奚仲之流，</s> <s xml:id="N403175" xml:space="preserve">倘所謂神人者非耶！</s> </p> <div xml:id="d019564" type="section"> <head xml:id="N40317A" xml:space="preserve">舟</head> <p xml:id="N40317D"> <s xml:id="N40317F" xml:space="preserve">凡舟古名百千，</s> <s xml:id="N403182" xml:space="preserve">今名亦百千。</s> <s xml:id="N403185" xml:space="preserve">或以形名，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d019582"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403188" xml:space="preserve">如海鰍、</s> <s xml:id="N40318B" xml:space="preserve">江扁、</s> <s xml:id="N40318E" xml:space="preserve">山梭之類。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N403191" xml:space="preserve">或 <pb facs="X06.01.114B" n="二九b"/> 以量名，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d019607"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403197" xml:space="preserve">載物之數。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40319A" xml:space="preserve">或以質名，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d019624"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40319D" xml:space="preserve">各色木料。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4031A0" xml:space="preserve">不可殫述。</s> <s xml:id="N4031A3" xml:space="preserve">游海濱者得見<lb/>洋船，</s> <s xml:id="N4031A6" xml:space="preserve">居江湄者得見漕航。</s> <s xml:id="N4031A9" xml:space="preserve">若局趣山國之中，</s> <s xml:id="N4031AC" xml:space="preserve">老死平原<lb/>之地，</s> <s xml:id="N4031AF" xml:space="preserve">所見者一葉扁舟、</s> <s xml:id="N4031B2" xml:space="preserve">截流亂筏而已。</s> <s xml:id="N4031B5" xml:space="preserve">粗載數舟制度，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4031B8" xml:space="preserve">其余可例推云。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d019673" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4031BD" xml:space="preserve">漕航</head> <p xml:id="N4031C0"> <s xml:id="N4031C2" xml:space="preserve">凡<name type="place" xml:id="N4031C2-01">京師</name>爲軍民集區，</s> <s xml:id="N4031C5" xml:space="preserve">萬國水運以供儲，</s> <s xml:id="N4031C8" xml:space="preserve">漕航所由興也。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4031CB" xml:space="preserve">元朝混一，</s> <s xml:id="N4031CE" xml:space="preserve">以<name type="place" xml:id="N4031CE-01">燕京</name>爲大都。</s> <s xml:id="N4031D1" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4031D1-01">南方</name>運道由<name type="place" xml:id="N4031D1-02">蘇州</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4031D1-03">劉家港</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4031D4" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4031D4-01">海<lb/>門</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4031D4-02">黃連沙</name>開洋，</s> <s xml:id="N4031D7" xml:space="preserve">直抵<name type="place" xml:id="N4031D7-01">天津</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N4031DA" xml:space="preserve">制度用遮洋船。</s> <s xml:id="N4031DD" xml:space="preserve">永樂間因之。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4031E0" xml:space="preserve">以風濤多險，</s> <s xml:id="N4031E3" xml:space="preserve">後改漕運。</s> <s xml:id="N4031E6" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4031E6-01">平江</name>伯陳某始造平底淺船，</s> <s xml:id="N4031E9" xml:space="preserve">則 <pb facs="X06.01.115A" n="三十a"/> 今糧舡之制也。</s> <s xml:id="N4031EF" xml:space="preserve">凡船制底爲地，</s> <s xml:id="N4031F2" xml:space="preserve">枋爲宮牆，</s> <s xml:id="N4031F5" xml:space="preserve">陰阻竹爲覆<lb/>瓦。</s> <s xml:id="N4031F8" xml:space="preserve">伏獅前爲閥閱，</s> <s xml:id="N4031FB" xml:space="preserve">後爲寢堂。</s> <s xml:id="N4031FE" xml:space="preserve">桅爲弓弩，</s> <s xml:id="N403201" xml:space="preserve">弦、</s> <s xml:id="N403204" xml:space="preserve">篷爲翼，</s> <s xml:id="N403207" xml:space="preserve">櫓爲<lb/>車馬，</s> <s xml:id="N40320A" xml:space="preserve">稟纖爲履鞋，</s> <s xml:id="N40320D" xml:space="preserve">聿索爲鷹雕筋骨，</s> <s xml:id="N403210" xml:space="preserve">招爲先鋒，</s> <s xml:id="N403213" xml:space="preserve">舵爲指<lb/>揮主帥，</s> <s xml:id="N403216" xml:space="preserve">錨爲箚軍營寨。</s> <s xml:id="N403219" xml:space="preserve">糧船初制，</s> <s xml:id="N40321C" xml:space="preserve">底長五丈二尺，</s> <s xml:id="N40321F" xml:space="preserve">其板<lb/>厚二寸，</s> <s xml:id="N403222" xml:space="preserve">採巨木楠爲上，</s> <s xml:id="N403225" xml:space="preserve">粟次之。</s> <s xml:id="N403228" xml:space="preserve">頭長九尺五寸，</s> <s xml:id="N40322B" xml:space="preserve">梢長九<lb/>尺五寸。</s> <s xml:id="N40322E" xml:space="preserve">底闊九尺五寸，</s> <s xml:id="N403231" xml:space="preserve">底頭闊六尺，</s> <s xml:id="N403234" xml:space="preserve">底梢闊五尺，</s> <s xml:id="N403237" xml:space="preserve">頭伏<lb/>獅闊八尺，</s> <s xml:id="N40323A" xml:space="preserve">梢伏獅闊七尺，</s> <s xml:id="N40323D" xml:space="preserve">梁頭一十四座。</s> <s xml:id="N403240" xml:space="preserve">龍口梁闊一<lb/>丈，</s> <s xml:id="N403243" xml:space="preserve">深四尺，</s> <s xml:id="N403246" xml:space="preserve">使風梁闊一丈四尺，</s> <s xml:id="N403249" xml:space="preserve">深三尺八寸。</s> <s xml:id="N40324C" xml:space="preserve">後斷水梁<lb/>闊九尺，</s> <s xml:id="N40324F" xml:space="preserve">深四尺五寸。</s> <s xml:id="N403252" xml:space="preserve">兩敖共闊七尺六寸。</s> <s xml:id="N403255" xml:space="preserve">此其初制，</s> <s xml:id="N403258" xml:space="preserve">載 <pb facs="X06.01.115B" n="三十b"/> 米可近二千石。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d019886"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40325E" xml:space="preserve">交總每只止足五百石。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N403261" xml:space="preserve">後運軍造者私增身長二<lb/>丈，</s> <s xml:id="N403264" xml:space="preserve">首尾闊二尺余，</s> <s xml:id="N403267" xml:space="preserve">其量可受三千石。</s> <s xml:id="N40326A" xml:space="preserve">而運河閘口原闊<lb/>一丈二尺，</s> <s xml:id="N40326D" xml:space="preserve">差可度過。</s> <s xml:id="N403270" xml:space="preserve">凡今官坐船，</s> <s xml:id="N403273" xml:space="preserve">其制盡同，</s> <s xml:id="N403276" xml:space="preserve">第窗戶之<lb/>間寬其出徑，</s> <s xml:id="N403279" xml:space="preserve">加以精工彩飾而已。</s> <s xml:id="N40327C" xml:space="preserve">凡造船先從底起，</s> <s xml:id="N40327F" xml:space="preserve">底<lb/>面傍靠檣，</s> <s xml:id="N403282" xml:space="preserve">上承棧，</s> <s xml:id="N403285" xml:space="preserve">下親地面。</s> <s xml:id="N403288" xml:space="preserve">隔位列置者曰梁。</s> <s xml:id="N40328B" xml:space="preserve">兩帝峻<lb/>立者曰檣。</s> <s xml:id="N40328E" xml:space="preserve">盖檣巨木曰正枋，</s> <s xml:id="N403291" xml:space="preserve">枋上曰弦。</s> <s xml:id="N403294" xml:space="preserve">梁前豎桅位曰<lb/>錨壇，</s> <s xml:id="N403297" xml:space="preserve">壇度橫木夾桅本者曰地龍。</s> <s xml:id="N40329A" xml:space="preserve">前後維曰伏獅，</s> <s xml:id="N40329D" xml:space="preserve">其下<lb/>曰拿獅，</s> <s xml:id="N4032A0" xml:space="preserve">伏獅下封頭木曰連三枋。</s> <s xml:id="N4032A3" xml:space="preserve">船頭面中缺一方曰<lb/>水井。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d019989"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4032A6" xml:space="preserve">其下藏纜索等物。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4032A9" xml:space="preserve">頭面眉際樹兩木以系纜者曰將軍柱。</s> <pb facs="X06.01.116A" n="三一a"/> <s xml:id="N4032AE" xml:space="preserve">船尾下斜上者曰草鞋底，</s> <s xml:id="d020012" xml:space="preserve">後封頭下日短枋，</s> <s xml:id="d020015" xml:space="preserve">枋下日換<lb/>脚梁，</s> <s xml:id="d020020" xml:space="preserve">舡稍掌舵所居其上日野雞篷。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d020023"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4032B1" xml:space="preserve">使風時，</s> <s xml:id="N4032B4" xml:space="preserve">一人坐篷巔，</s> <s xml:id="N4032B7" xml:space="preserve">收守篷索。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4032BA" xml:space="preserve">凡<lb/>舟身將十丈者，</s> <s xml:id="N4032BD" xml:space="preserve">立桅必兩，</s> <s xml:id="N4032C0" xml:space="preserve">樹中桅之位，</s> <s xml:id="N4032C3" xml:space="preserve">折中過前二位，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4032C6" xml:space="preserve">頭桅又前丈余。</s> <s xml:id="d020062" xml:space="preserve">糧舡中桅長者以八丈爲率，</s> <s xml:id="d020065" xml:space="preserve">短者縮十<lb/>之一二。</s> <s xml:id="d020071" xml:space="preserve">其本入窗內亦丈余，</s> <s xml:id="N4032C9" xml:space="preserve">懸篷之位約五六丈。</s> <s xml:id="N4032CC" xml:space="preserve">頭桅<lb/>尺寸則不及中桅之半，</s> <s xml:id="N4032CF" xml:space="preserve">篷縱橫亦不敵三分之一。</s> <s xml:id="N4032D2" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4032D2-01">蘇</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4032D5" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4032D5-01">湖</name><lb/>六郡運米，</s> <s xml:id="N4032D8" xml:space="preserve">其船多過石甕橋下，</s> <s xml:id="N4032DB" xml:space="preserve">且無<name type="place" xml:id="N4032DB-01">江</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4032DB-02">漢</name>之險，</s> <s xml:id="N4032DE" xml:space="preserve">故桅與<lb/>篷尺寸全殺。</s> <s xml:id="N4032E1" xml:space="preserve">若<name type="place" xml:id="N4032E1-01">湖</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4032E1-02">廣</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4032E4" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4032E4-01">江西省</name>舟，</s> <s xml:id="N4032E7" xml:space="preserve">則過湖衝江無端風浪，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4032EA" xml:space="preserve">故錨、</s> <s xml:id="N4032ED" xml:space="preserve">纜、</s> <s xml:id="N4032F0" xml:space="preserve">篷、</s> <s xml:id="N4032F3" xml:space="preserve">桅必極盡制度而後無患。</s> <s xml:id="N4032F6" xml:space="preserve">凡風篷尺寸，</s> <s xml:id="N4032F9" xml:space="preserve">其則 <pb facs="X06.01.116B" n="三一b"/> 一視全般橫身，</s> <s xml:id="N4032FF" xml:space="preserve">過則有患，</s> <s xml:id="N403302" xml:space="preserve">不及則力軟。</s> <s xml:id="N403305" xml:space="preserve">凡船篷其質乃<lb/>析篾成片織就，</s> <s xml:id="N403308" xml:space="preserve">夾維竹條，</s> <s xml:id="N40330B" xml:space="preserve">逐塊折疊，</s> <s xml:id="N40330E" xml:space="preserve">以俟懸挂。</s> <s xml:id="N403311" xml:space="preserve">糧船中<lb/>桅逢合並十人力方克湊頂，</s> <s xml:id="N403314" xml:space="preserve">頭篷則兩人帶之有余。</s> <s xml:id="N403317" xml:space="preserve">凡<lb/>度篷索先系空中寸圓木關捩于桅巔之上，</s> <s xml:id="N40331A" xml:space="preserve">然後帶索<lb/>腰間緣木而上，</s> <s xml:id="N40331D" xml:space="preserve">三股交錯而度之。</s> <s xml:id="N403320" xml:space="preserve">凡風篷之力其末一<lb/>葉，</s> <s xml:id="N403323" xml:space="preserve">敵其本三葉。</s> <s xml:id="N403326" xml:space="preserve">調勻和暢順風則絕頂張篷，</s> <s xml:id="N403329" xml:space="preserve">行疾奔馬。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40332C" xml:space="preserve">若風力洊至，</s> <s xml:id="N40332F" xml:space="preserve">則以次減下。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d020216"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403332" xml:space="preserve">遇風鼓急不下，</s> <s xml:id="N403335" xml:space="preserve">以鈎搭扯。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N403338" xml:space="preserve">狂甚則只帶一<lb/>兩葉而已。</s> <s xml:id="N40333B" xml:space="preserve">凡風從橫來名曰搶風。</s> <s xml:id="N40333E" xml:space="preserve">順水行舟，</s> <s xml:id="N403341" xml:space="preserve">則挂篷之<lb/>玄游走，</s> <s xml:id="N403344" xml:space="preserve">或一搶向東，</s> <s xml:id="N403347" xml:space="preserve">止寸平過。</s> <s xml:id="N40334A" xml:space="preserve">甚至卻退數十丈。</s> <s xml:id="N40334D" xml:space="preserve">未及 <pb facs="X06.01.117A" n="三二a"/> 岸時捩舵轉篷，</s> <s xml:id="N403353" xml:space="preserve">一搶向西，</s> <s xml:id="N403356" xml:space="preserve">借貨水力兼帶風力軋下，</s> <s xml:id="N403359" xml:space="preserve">則<lb/>頃刻十余里。</s> <s xml:id="N40335C" xml:space="preserve">或湖水平而不流者亦可緩軋。</s> <s xml:id="N40335F" xml:space="preserve">若上水舟<lb/>則一步不可行也。</s> <s xml:id="d020285" xml:space="preserve">丹船性隨水，</s> <s xml:id="d020288" xml:space="preserve">若章從風，</s> <s xml:id="d020291" xml:space="preserve">故制舵障水<lb/>使不定向流，</s> <s xml:id="N403362" xml:space="preserve">舵板一轉，</s> <s xml:id="N403365" xml:space="preserve">一泓從之。</s> <s xml:id="N403368" xml:space="preserve">凡透尺寸，</s> <s xml:id="N40336B" xml:space="preserve">與船腹切<lb/>齊。</s> <s xml:id="N40336E" xml:space="preserve">若長一寸，</s> <s xml:id="N403371" xml:space="preserve">則遇淺之時船腹已過，</s> <s xml:id="N403374" xml:space="preserve">其梢尼舵使膠住，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403377" xml:space="preserve">高風狂力勁，</s> <s xml:id="N40337A" xml:space="preserve">則寸木爲難不可言。</s> <s xml:id="N40337D" xml:space="preserve">舵短一寸則轉運力<lb/>怯，</s> <s xml:id="N403380" xml:space="preserve">回頭不捷。</s> <s xml:id="N403383" xml:space="preserve">凡舵力所障水，</s> <s xml:id="N403386" xml:space="preserve">相應及船頭而止，</s> <s xml:id="N403389" xml:space="preserve">其腹底<lb/>之下儼若一派急順流，</s> <s xml:id="N40338C" xml:space="preserve">故船頭不約而正，</s> <s xml:id="N40338F" xml:space="preserve">其機妙不可<lb/>言。</s> <s xml:id="N403392" xml:space="preserve">舵上所操柄名曰關門棒，</s> <s xml:id="N403395" xml:space="preserve">欲船北則南向捩轉，</s> <s xml:id="N403398" xml:space="preserve">欲船 <pb facs="X06.01.117B" n="三二b"/> 南則北向捩轉。</s> <s xml:id="N40339E" xml:space="preserve">船身太長而風力橫勁，</s> <s xml:id="N4033A1" xml:space="preserve">舵力不甚應手，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4033A4" xml:space="preserve">則急下一偏披水板以抵其勢。</s> <s xml:id="N4033A7" xml:space="preserve">凡舵用直木一根</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d020383"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d020388" xml:space="preserve">糧船用者<lb/>圍三尺，</s> <s xml:id="N4033AA" xml:space="preserve">長丈余</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d020405" xml:space="preserve">爲身，</s> <s xml:id="N4033AD" xml:space="preserve">上截衡受棒，</s> <s xml:id="N4033B0" xml:space="preserve">下截界開銜口，</s> <s xml:id="N4033B3" xml:space="preserve">納板其中如<lb/>斧形，</s> <s xml:id="N4033B6" xml:space="preserve">鐵釘因拴以障水。</s> <s xml:id="N4033B9" xml:space="preserve">梢後隆起處，</s> <s xml:id="N4033BC" xml:space="preserve">亦名曰舵樓。</s> <s xml:id="N4033BF" xml:space="preserve">凡鐵<lb/>錨所以沉水系舟。</s> <s xml:id="N4033C2" xml:space="preserve">一糧船計用五六錨，</s> <s xml:id="N4033C5" xml:space="preserve">最雄者曰看家<lb/>錨，</s> <s xml:id="N4033C8" xml:space="preserve">重五百斤內外，</s> <s xml:id="N4033CB" xml:space="preserve">其余頭用二枝，</s> <s xml:id="N4033CE" xml:space="preserve">梢用二枝。</s> <s xml:id="N4033D1" xml:space="preserve">凡中流遇<lb/>逆風不可去又不可泊，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d020458"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4033D4" xml:space="preserve">或業已近岸，</s> <s xml:id="N4033D7" xml:space="preserve">其下有石非沙，</s> <s xml:id="N4033DA" xml:space="preserve">亦不可泊，</s> <s xml:id="N4033DD" xml:space="preserve">惟打錨深處。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4033E0" xml:space="preserve">則下<lb/>錨沉水底，</s> <s xml:id="N4033E3" xml:space="preserve">其所系聿纏繞將軍柱上，</s> <s xml:id="N4033E6" xml:space="preserve">錨爪一遇泥沙扣<lb/>底抓住，</s> <s xml:id="N4033E9" xml:space="preserve">十分危急則下看家錨。</s> <s xml:id="N4033EC" xml:space="preserve">系此錨者名曰本身，</s> <s xml:id="N4033EF" xml:space="preserve">盖 <pb facs="X06.01.118A" n="三三a"/> 重言之也。</s> <s xml:id="N4033F5" xml:space="preserve">或同行前舟阻滯，</s> <s xml:id="N4033F8" xml:space="preserve">恐我舟順勢急去有撞傷<lb/>之禍，</s> <s xml:id="N4033FB" xml:space="preserve">則急下梢錨提住，</s> <s xml:id="N4033FE" xml:space="preserve">使不迅速流行。</s> <s xml:id="N403401" xml:space="preserve">風息開舟則以<lb/>雲車絞纜提錨使上。</s> <s xml:id="N403404" xml:space="preserve">凡船板合隙縫以白麻斮絮爲筋，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403407" xml:space="preserve">鈍鑿及入。</s> <s xml:id="N40340A" xml:space="preserve">然後篩過細石灰，</s> <s xml:id="N40340D" xml:space="preserve">和桐油舂杵成團調艌。</s> <s xml:id="N403410" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403410-01">溫</name>、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403413" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403413-01">台</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403416" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403416-01">閩</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403419" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403419-01">廣</name>即用蠣灰。</s> <s xml:id="N40341C" xml:space="preserve">凡舟中帶篷索，</s> <s xml:id="N40341F" xml:space="preserve">以火麻稭</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d020571"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d020576" xml:space="preserve">一名大麻</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d020587" xml:space="preserve">綯絞。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403422" xml:space="preserve">粗成徑寸以外者即系萬鈞不絕。</s> <s xml:id="N403425" xml:space="preserve">若系錨纜則破析青<lb/>蔑爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N403428" xml:space="preserve">其血線入釜煮熟然後糾絞。</s> <s xml:id="N40342B" xml:space="preserve">拽繾稟亦煮熟篾<lb/>線絞成十丈以往，</s> <s xml:id="N40342E" xml:space="preserve">中作圈爲接彄，</s> <s xml:id="N403431" xml:space="preserve">遇阻礙可以掐斷。</s> <s xml:id="N403434" xml:space="preserve">凡<lb/>竹性直，</s> <s xml:id="N403437" xml:space="preserve">篾一線千鈞。</s> <s xml:id="N40343A" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40343A-01">三峽</name>入<name type="place" xml:id="N40343A-02">川</name>上水舟，</s> <s xml:id="N40343D" xml:space="preserve">不用糾絞庫繾，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.118B" n="三三b"/> <s xml:id="N403442" xml:space="preserve">即破竹闊寸許者，</s> <s xml:id="N403445" xml:space="preserve">整條以資接長，</s> <s xml:id="N403448" xml:space="preserve">名曰火杖。</s> <s xml:id="N40344B" xml:space="preserve">盖沒崖石<lb/>棱如刃，</s> <s xml:id="N40344E" xml:space="preserve">懼破蔑易損也。</s> <s xml:id="N403451" xml:space="preserve">凡木色桅用端直杉木，</s> <s xml:id="N403454" xml:space="preserve">長不足<lb/>則接，</s> <s xml:id="N403457" xml:space="preserve">其表鐵箍逐寸包圍。</s> <s xml:id="N40345A" xml:space="preserve">船窗前道皆當中空闕，</s> <s xml:id="N40345D" xml:space="preserve">以便<lb/>樹桅。</s> <s xml:id="N403460" xml:space="preserve">凡樹中桅，</s> <s xml:id="N403463" xml:space="preserve">合並數巨舟承載，</s> <s xml:id="N403466" xml:space="preserve">其末長纜系表而起。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403469" xml:space="preserve">梁與枋牆用楠木、</s> <s xml:id="N40346C" xml:space="preserve">櫧木、</s> <s xml:id="N40346F" xml:space="preserve">樟木、</s> <s xml:id="N403472" xml:space="preserve">榆木、</s> <s xml:id="N403475" xml:space="preserve">槐木。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d020700"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403478" xml:space="preserve">樟木春夏伐者，</s> <s xml:id="N40347B" xml:space="preserve">久則粉蛀。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40347E" xml:space="preserve">棧<lb/>板不拘何木。</s> <s xml:id="N403481" xml:space="preserve">舵桿用榆木、</s> <s xml:id="d020725" xml:space="preserve">榔木、</s> <s xml:id="N403484" xml:space="preserve">櫧木。</s> <s xml:id="N403487" xml:space="preserve">關門棒用椆木、</s> <s xml:id="N40348A" xml:space="preserve">榔<lb/>木。</s> <s xml:id="N40348D" xml:space="preserve">櫓用杉木、</s> <s xml:id="N403490" xml:space="preserve">檜木、</s> <s xml:id="N403493" xml:space="preserve">楸木。</s> <s xml:id="N403496" xml:space="preserve">此其大端云。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d020755" type="section"> <head xml:id="N40349B" xml:space="preserve">海舟</head> <p xml:id="N40349E"> <s xml:id="N4034A0" xml:space="preserve">凡海舟，</s> <s xml:id="N4034A3" xml:space="preserve">元朝與國初運米者曰遮洋淺船，</s> <s xml:id="N4034A6" xml:space="preserve">次者曰鑽風 <pb facs="X06.01.119A" n="三四a"/> 船</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d020777"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d020782" xml:space="preserve">即海鰍。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4034AC" xml:space="preserve">所經道里，</s> <s xml:id="N4034AF" xml:space="preserve">止萬里<name type="place" xml:id="N4034AF-01">長灘</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4034B2" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4034B2-01">黑水洋</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4034B5" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4034B5-01">沙門島</name>等處，</s> <s xml:id="N4034B8" xml:space="preserve">苦<lb/>無大險。</s> <s xml:id="N4034BB" xml:space="preserve">與出使<name type="place" xml:id="N4034BB-01">琉球</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4034BE" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4034BE-01">日本</name>暨商賈<name type="place" xml:id="N4034BE-02">爪哇</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4034C1" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4034C1-01">篤泥</name>等船制度，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4034C4" xml:space="preserve">工費不及十分之一。</s> <s xml:id="N4034C7" xml:space="preserve">凡遮洋運船制，</s> <s xml:id="N4034CA" xml:space="preserve">視漕船長一丈六<lb/>尺，</s> <s xml:id="N4034CD" xml:space="preserve">闊二尺五寸，</s> <s xml:id="N4034D0" xml:space="preserve">器具皆同，</s> <s xml:id="N4034D3" xml:space="preserve">唯舵桿必用鐵力木，</s> <s xml:id="N4034D6" xml:space="preserve">艌灰用<lb/>魚油和桐油，</s> <s xml:id="N4034D9" xml:space="preserve">不知何義。</s> <s xml:id="N4034DC" xml:space="preserve">凡<name type="place" xml:id="N4034DC-01">外國</name>海舶制度大同小異，</s> <s xml:id="N4034DF" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4034DF-01">閩</name>、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4034E2" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4034E2-01">廣</name></s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d020885"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d020890" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4034E2-02">閩</name>由<name type="place" xml:id="N4034E2-03">海澄</name>開洋，</s> <s xml:id="N4034E5" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4034E5-01">廣</name>由<name type="place" xml:id="N4034E5-02">香山</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4034E5-03">奧</name> </s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d020915" xml:space="preserve">洋船截竹兩破排柵，</s> <s xml:id="N4034E8" xml:space="preserve">樹于兩帝以抵<lb/>浪。</s> <s xml:id="N4034EB" xml:space="preserve">登、</s> <s xml:id="N4034EE" xml:space="preserve">萊制度又不然，</s> <s xml:id="N4034F1" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4034F1-01">倭國</name>海舶兩帝列櫓手欄板抵水，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4034F4" xml:space="preserve">人在其中運力。</s> <s xml:id="N4034F7" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4034F7-01">朝鮮</name>制度又不然。</s> <s xml:id="N4034FA" xml:space="preserve">至其道尾各安羅經<lb/>盤以定方向，</s> <s xml:id="N4034FD" xml:space="preserve">中腰大橫梁出頭數尺，</s> <s xml:id="N403500" xml:space="preserve">貫插腰舵，</s> <s xml:id="N403503" xml:space="preserve">則皆同 <pb facs="X06.01.119B" n="三四b"/> 也。</s> <s xml:id="N403509" xml:space="preserve">腰舵非與梢舵形同，</s> <s xml:id="N40350C" xml:space="preserve">乃闊板斵成刀形插入水中，</s> <s xml:id="N40350F" xml:space="preserve">亦<lb/>不捩轉，</s> <s xml:id="N403512" xml:space="preserve">盖夾衛扶傾之義。</s> <s xml:id="N403515" xml:space="preserve">其上仍橫柄拴于梁上，</s> <s xml:id="N403518" xml:space="preserve">而遇<lb/>淺則提起，</s> <s xml:id="N40351B" xml:space="preserve">有似乎舵，</s> <s xml:id="N40351E" xml:space="preserve">故名腰舵也。</s> <s xml:id="N403521" xml:space="preserve">凡海舟以竹筒貯淡<lb/>水數石，</s> <s xml:id="N403524" xml:space="preserve">度供舟內人兩日之需，</s> <s xml:id="N403527" xml:space="preserve">遇島又汲。</s> <s xml:id="N40352A" xml:space="preserve">其何國何島<lb/>合用何向，</s> <s xml:id="N40352D" xml:space="preserve">針指未昭然，</s> <s xml:id="N403530" xml:space="preserve">恐非人力所祖。</s> <s xml:id="N403533" xml:space="preserve">舵工一群主佐，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403536" xml:space="preserve">直是識力造到死生渾忘地，</s> <s xml:id="N403539" xml:space="preserve">非鼓勇之謂也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d021026" type="section"> <head xml:id="N40353E" xml:space="preserve">雜舟</head> <p xml:id="N403541"> <s xml:id="N403543" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403543-01">江</name><name type="place" xml:id="N403543-02">漢</name>課船。</s> <s xml:id="N403546" xml:space="preserve">身甚狹小而長，</s> <s xml:id="N403549" xml:space="preserve">上列十余倉，</s> <s xml:id="N40354C" xml:space="preserve">每倉容止一人<lb/>臥息。</s> <s xml:id="N40354F" xml:space="preserve">道尾共槳六把，</s> <s xml:id="N403552" xml:space="preserve">小桅篷一座。</s> <s xml:id="N403555" xml:space="preserve">風濤之中恃有多槳 <pb facs="X06.01.120A" n="三五a"/> 挾持。</s> <s xml:id="N40355B" xml:space="preserve">不遇逆風，</s> <s xml:id="N40355E" xml:space="preserve">一晝夜順水行四百余里逆水亦行百<lb/>余里。</s> <s xml:id="N403561" xml:space="preserve">國朝鹽課<name type="place" xml:id="N403561-01">淮</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403564" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403564-01">揚</name>數頗多，</s> <s xml:id="N403567" xml:space="preserve">故設此運銀，</s> <s xml:id="N40356A" xml:space="preserve">名曰課船。</s> <s xml:id="N40356D" xml:space="preserve">行<lb/>人欲速者亦買之。</s> <s xml:id="N403570" xml:space="preserve">其舡<name type="place" xml:id="N403570-01">南自</name><name type="place" xml:id="N403570-02">章</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403573" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403573-01">貢</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N403576" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403576-01">西自</name><name type="place" xml:id="N403576-02">荊</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403579" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403579-01">襄</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N40357C" xml:space="preserve">達于<name type="place" xml:id="N40357C-01">瓜</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40357F" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40357F-01">儀</name><lb/>而止。</s> </p> <p xml:id="d021135"> <s xml:id="N403582" xml:space="preserve">三吳浪船。</s> <s xml:id="N403585" xml:space="preserve">凡<name type="place" xml:id="N403585-01">浙西</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403588" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403588-01">平江</name>縱橫七百里內盡是深溝小水<lb/>灣環，</s> <s xml:id="N40358B" xml:space="preserve">浪船</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d021159"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d021164" xml:space="preserve">最小者名曰塘船 </s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d021175" xml:space="preserve">以萬億計。</s> <s xml:id="N40358E" xml:space="preserve">其舟行人貴賤來往以<lb/>代馬車、</s> <s xml:id="N403591" xml:space="preserve">扉履。</s> <s xml:id="N403594" xml:space="preserve">舟即小者必造窗牖堂房，</s> <s xml:id="N403597" xml:space="preserve">質料多用杉木。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40359A" xml:space="preserve">人物載其中，</s> <s xml:id="N40359D" xml:space="preserve">不可偏重一石，</s> <s xml:id="N4035A0" xml:space="preserve">偏即欹側，</s> <s xml:id="N4035A3" xml:space="preserve">故俗名天平船。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4035A6" xml:space="preserve">此舟來往七百里內，</s> <s xml:id="N4035A9" xml:space="preserve">或好逸便者徑買，</s> <s xml:id="N4035AC" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4035AC-01">北達</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4035AC-02">通</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4035AF" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4035AF-01">津</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N4035B2" xml:space="preserve">只有 <pb facs="X06.01.120B" n="三五b"/> <name type="place" xml:id="N4035B2-01">鎮江</name>一橫渡，</s> <s xml:id="N4035B8" xml:space="preserve">俟風靜涉過，</s> <s xml:id="N4035BB" xml:space="preserve">又渡<name type="place" xml:id="N4035BB-01">清江浦</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N4035BE" xml:space="preserve">溯<name type="place" xml:id="N4035BE-01">黃河</name>淺水二<lb/>百里則入閘河安穩路矣。</s> <s xml:id="N4035C1" xml:space="preserve">至長<name type="place" xml:id="N4035C1-01">江上流</name>風浪，</s> <s xml:id="N4035C4" xml:space="preserve">則沒世避<lb/>而不經也。</s> <s xml:id="N4035C7" xml:space="preserve">浪船行力在梢後，</s> <s xml:id="N4035CA" xml:space="preserve">巨櫓一支兩三人推軋前<lb/>走，</s> <s xml:id="N4035CD" xml:space="preserve">或恃繾稟。</s> <s xml:id="N4035D0" xml:space="preserve">至于風篷，</s> <s xml:id="N4035D3" xml:space="preserve">則小席如掌所不恃也。</s> </p> <p xml:id="d021282"> <s xml:id="N4035D6" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4035D6-01">東浙</name>西安船。</s> <s xml:id="N4035D9" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4035D9-01">浙東</name>自<name type="place" xml:id="N4035D9-02">常山</name>至錢塘八百里，</s> <s xml:id="N4035DC" xml:space="preserve">水徑人海，</s> <s xml:id="N4035DF" xml:space="preserve">不<lb/>通他道，</s> <s xml:id="N4035E2" xml:space="preserve">故此舟自<name type="place" xml:id="N4035E2-01">常山</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4035E5" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4035E5-01">開化</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4035E8" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4035E8-01">遂安</name>等小河起，</s> <s xml:id="N4035EB" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4035EB-01">錢塘</name>而止，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4035EE" xml:space="preserve">更無他涉。</s> <s xml:id="N4035F1" xml:space="preserve">舟制箬篷如卷瓦爲上盖。</s> <s xml:id="N4035F4" xml:space="preserve">縫布爲帆，</s> <s xml:id="N4035F7" xml:space="preserve">高可二<lb/>丈許，</s> <s xml:id="N4035FA" xml:space="preserve">綿索張帶。</s> <s xml:id="N4035FD" xml:space="preserve">初爲布帆者，</s> <s xml:id="N403600" xml:space="preserve">原因<name type="place" xml:id="N403600-01">錢塘</name>有潮湧，</s> <s xml:id="N403603" xml:space="preserve">急時易<lb/>于收下。</s> <s xml:id="N403606" xml:space="preserve">此亦未然，</s> <s xml:id="N403609" xml:space="preserve">其費似侈于篾席，</s> <s xml:id="N40360C" xml:space="preserve">總灑中曉。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.121A" n="三六a"/> <p xml:id="d021374"> <s xml:id="N403611" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403611-01">福建</name>清流、</s> <s xml:id="N403614" xml:space="preserve">俏篷船。</s> <s xml:id="N403617" xml:space="preserve">其船自<name type="place" xml:id="N403617-01">光澤</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40361A" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40361A-01">崇安</name>兩小河起，</s> <s xml:id="N40361D" xml:space="preserve">達于<name type="place" xml:id="N40361D-01">福<lb/>州</name><name type="place" xml:id="N40361D-02">洪塘</name>而止，</s> <s xml:id="N403620" xml:space="preserve">其下水道皆海矣。</s> <s xml:id="N403623" xml:space="preserve">清流船以載貨物、</s> <s xml:id="N403626" xml:space="preserve">客商，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403629" xml:space="preserve">梢篷船大差可坐臥，</s> <s xml:id="N40362C" xml:space="preserve">官貴家屬用之。</s> <s xml:id="N40362F" xml:space="preserve">其船皆以杉木爲<lb/>地。</s> <s xml:id="N403632" xml:space="preserve">灘石甚險，</s> <s xml:id="N403635" xml:space="preserve">破損者其常，</s> <s xml:id="N403638" xml:space="preserve">遇損則急艤向岸搬物掩塞。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40363B" xml:space="preserve">船梢徑不用舵，</s> <s xml:id="N40363E" xml:space="preserve">船道列一巨招，</s> <s xml:id="N403641" xml:space="preserve">捩頭使轉。</s> <s xml:id="N403644" xml:space="preserve">每幫五只方<lb/>行，</s> <s xml:id="N403647" xml:space="preserve">經一險灘則四舟之人皆從尾後曳纜，</s> <s xml:id="N40364A" xml:space="preserve">以緩其趨勢。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40364D" xml:space="preserve">長年即寒冬不裹足，</s> <s xml:id="N403650" xml:space="preserve">以便頻濡。</s> <s xml:id="N403653" xml:space="preserve">風篷竟懸不用云。</s> </p> <p xml:id="d021470"> <s xml:id="N403656" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403656-01">四川</name>八櫓等船。</s> <s xml:id="N403659" xml:space="preserve">凡<name type="place" xml:id="N403659-01">川</name>水源通<name type="place" xml:id="N403659-02">江</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40365C" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40365C-01">漢</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N40365F" xml:space="preserve">然<name type="place" xml:id="N40365F-01">川</name>船達<name type="place" xml:id="N40365F-02">荊州</name>而上，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403662" xml:space="preserve">此下則更舟穎。</s> <s xml:id="N403665" xml:space="preserve">逆行而上，</s> <s xml:id="N403668" xml:space="preserve">自<name type="place" xml:id="N403668-01">夷陵</name>入<name type="place" xml:id="N403668-02">峽</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N40366B" xml:space="preserve">挽繾者以巨竹 <pb facs="X06.01.121B" n="三六b"/> 破爲四片或六片，</s> <s xml:id="N403671" xml:space="preserve">麻繩約接，</s> <s xml:id="N403674" xml:space="preserve">名曰火杖。</s> <s xml:id="N403677" xml:space="preserve">舟中鳴鼓若總<lb/>渡，</s> <s xml:id="N40367A" xml:space="preserve">挽人從山石中聞鼓聲而咸力。</s> <s xml:id="N40367D" xml:space="preserve">中夏至中秋<name type="place" xml:id="N40367D-01">川</name>水封<lb/>峽，</s> <s xml:id="N403680" xml:space="preserve">則斷絕行舟數月。</s> <s xml:id="N403683" xml:space="preserve">過此消退，</s> <s xml:id="N403686" xml:space="preserve">方通往來。</s> <s xml:id="N403689" xml:space="preserve">其新灘等數<lb/>極險處，</s> <s xml:id="N40368C" xml:space="preserve">人與貨盡盤岸行半里許，</s> <s xml:id="N40368F" xml:space="preserve">只余空舟上下。</s> <s xml:id="N403692" xml:space="preserve">其舟<lb/>制腹圓而道尾尖狹，</s> <s xml:id="N403695" xml:space="preserve">所以闢灘浪云。</s> </p> <p xml:id="d021575"> <s xml:id="N403698" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403698-01">黃河</name>滿篷梢。</s> <s xml:id="N40369B" xml:space="preserve">其船自河入<name type="place" xml:id="N40369B-01">淮</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N40369E" xml:space="preserve">自<name type="place" xml:id="N40369E-01">淮</name><name type="place" xml:id="N40369E-02">溯</name>汴用之。</s> <s xml:id="N4036A1" xml:space="preserve">質用楠木，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4036A4" xml:space="preserve">工價頗優。</s> <s xml:id="N4036A7" xml:space="preserve">大小不等，</s> <s xml:id="N4036AA" xml:space="preserve">巨者載三千右，</s> <s xml:id="N4036AD" xml:space="preserve">小者五百石。</s> <s xml:id="N4036B0" xml:space="preserve">下水<lb/>則道頸之際，</s> <s xml:id="N4036B3" xml:space="preserve">橫壓一梁，</s> <s xml:id="N4036B6" xml:space="preserve">巨櫓兩枝，</s> <s xml:id="N4036B9" xml:space="preserve">兩帝推軋而下。</s> <s xml:id="N4036BC" xml:space="preserve">錨、</s> <s xml:id="N4036BF" xml:space="preserve">纜、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4036C2" xml:space="preserve">稟、</s> <s xml:id="N4036C5" xml:space="preserve">帆制與<name type="place" xml:id="N4036C5-01">江</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4036C8" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4036C8-01">漢</name>相彷云。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.122A" n="三七a"/> <p xml:id="d021652"> <s xml:id="N4036CB" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4036CB-01">廣東</name>黑樓船、</s> <s xml:id="N4036D0" xml:space="preserve">鹽船、</s> <s xml:id="N4036D3" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4036D3-01">北</name>自<name type="place" xml:id="N4036D3-02">南雄</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N4036D6" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4036D6-01">南</name>達<name type="place" xml:id="N4036D6-02">會省</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N4036D9" xml:space="preserve">下此<name type="place" xml:id="N4036D9-01">惠</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4036DC" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4036DC-01">潮</name>通<name type="place" xml:id="N4036DC-02">漳</name>、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4036DF" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4036DF-01">泉</name>則由海汊乘海舟矣。</s> <s xml:id="N4036E2" xml:space="preserve">黑樓船爲官貴所乘，</s> <s xml:id="N4036E5" xml:space="preserve">鹽船以載<lb/>貨物。</s> <s xml:id="N4036E8" xml:space="preserve">舟制兩傍可行走。</s> <s xml:id="N4036EB" xml:space="preserve">風帆編蒲爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N4036EE" xml:space="preserve">不挂獨 桅，</s> <s xml:id="N4036F1" xml:space="preserve">雙柱<lb/>懸帆不苦中原隨轉。</s> <s xml:id="N4036F4" xml:space="preserve">美逆流馮藉繾力，</s> <s xml:id="N4036F7" xml:space="preserve">則與各省直同<lb/>功云。</s> </p> <p xml:id="d021732"> <s xml:id="N4036FA" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4036FA-01">黃河</name>秦船</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d021741"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d021746" xml:space="preserve">俗名擺子船。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4036FD" xml:space="preserve">造作多出<name type="place" xml:id="N4036FD-01">韓城</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N403700" xml:space="preserve">巨者載石數萬鈞順<lb/>流而下，</s> <s xml:id="N403703" xml:space="preserve">供用<name type="place" xml:id="N403703-01">淮</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403706" xml:space="preserve">徐地面。</s> <s xml:id="N403709" xml:space="preserve">舟制首尾方闊均等，</s> <s xml:id="N40370C" xml:space="preserve">倉梁平下<lb/>不甚隆起。</s> <s xml:id="N40370F" xml:space="preserve">急流順下，</s> <s xml:id="N403712" xml:space="preserve">巨櫓兩傍夾推，</s> <s xml:id="N403715" xml:space="preserve">來往不馮風力。</s> <s xml:id="N403718" xml:space="preserve">歸<lb/>舟挽繾多至二十余人，</s> <s xml:id="N40371B" xml:space="preserve">甚有棄舟空返者。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.122B" n="三七b"/> <figure xml:id="d021805"> <graphic url="X06.01.122B-01"/> <head xml:id="d021810" xml:space="preserve">漕航</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d021813" xml:space="preserve">定風<lb/>旗</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.123A" n="三八a"/> <figure xml:id="d021821"> <graphic url="X06.01.123A-01"/> <head xml:id="d021826" xml:space="preserve">柁樓</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.123B" n="三八b"/> <figure xml:id="d021833"> <graphic url="X06.01.123B-01"/> <head xml:id="d021838" xml:space="preserve">六漿課舡</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.124A" n="三九a"/> <figure xml:id="d021844"> <graphic url="X06.01.124A-01"/> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.124B" n="三九b"/> </div> <div xml:id="d021853" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403722" xml:space="preserve">車</head> <p xml:id="N403725"> <s xml:id="N403727" xml:space="preserve">凡車利行平地，</s> <s xml:id="N40372A" xml:space="preserve">古者<name type="place" xml:id="N40372A-01">秦</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40372D" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40372D-01">晉</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403730" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403730-01">燕</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403733" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403733-01">齊</name>之交，</s> <s xml:id="N403736" xml:space="preserve">列國戰爭必用車，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403739" xml:space="preserve">故千乘、</s> <s xml:id="N40373C" xml:space="preserve">萬乘之號起自戰國。</s> <s xml:id="N40373F" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40373F-01">楚</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403742" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403742-01">漢</name>血爭而後日闢。</s> <s xml:id="N403745" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403745-01">南方</name><lb/>則水戰用舟，</s> <s xml:id="N403748" xml:space="preserve">陸戰用步馬，</s> <s xml:id="N40374B" xml:space="preserve">北膺胡虜交使鐵騎，</s> <s xml:id="N40374E" xml:space="preserve">戰車遂<lb/>無所用之。</s> <s xml:id="N403751" xml:space="preserve">但今服馬駕車以運重載，</s> <s xml:id="N403754" xml:space="preserve">則今日騾車即同<lb/>彼時戰車之義也。</s> <s xml:id="N403757" xml:space="preserve">凡騾年之制有四輪者，</s> <s xml:id="N40375A" xml:space="preserve">有雙輪者，</s> <s xml:id="N40375D" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>上承載支架，</s> <s xml:id="N403760" xml:space="preserve">皆從軸上穿斗而起。</s> <s xml:id="N403763" xml:space="preserve">四輪都前後各橫軸<lb/>一根，</s> <s xml:id="N403766" xml:space="preserve">軸上短柱起架直梁，</s> <s xml:id="N403769" xml:space="preserve">梁上載箱。</s> <s xml:id="N40376C" xml:space="preserve">馬止脫駕之時，</s> <s xml:id="N40376F" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>上平整，</s> <s xml:id="N403772" xml:space="preserve">如居屋安穏之象。</s> <s xml:id="N403775" xml:space="preserve">若兩輪者駕馬行時，</s> <s xml:id="N403778" xml:space="preserve">馬曳其 <pb facs="X06.01.125A" n="四十a"/> 前則箱地平正，</s> <s xml:id="N40377E" xml:space="preserve">脫馬之時則以短木從地支撐而住，</s> <s xml:id="N403781" xml:space="preserve">不<lb/>然則欹卸也。</s> <s xml:id="N403784" xml:space="preserve">凡車輪一曰轅。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d021991"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403787" xml:space="preserve">俗名車陀。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40378A" xml:space="preserve">其大車中轂</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d022010"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d022015" xml:space="preserve">俗名車腦</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d022027" xml:space="preserve">長<lb/>一尺五寸，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d022032"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40378D" xml:space="preserve">見《小戎》車注。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N403790" xml:space="preserve">所謂外受輻、</s> <s xml:id="N403793" xml:space="preserve">中貫軸者。</s> <s xml:id="N403796" xml:space="preserve">輻計三十片，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403799" xml:space="preserve">其內插轂，</s> <s xml:id="N40379C" xml:space="preserve">其外接輔。</s> <s xml:id="N40379F" xml:space="preserve">車輪之中內集輪外接輞，</s> <s xml:id="N4037A2" xml:space="preserve">圓轉一<lb/>圈者是曰輔也。</s> <s xml:id="N4037A5" xml:space="preserve">輞際盡頭則曰輪轅也。</s> <s xml:id="N4037A8" xml:space="preserve">凡大車脫時則<lb/>諸物星散收藏。</s> <s xml:id="N4037AB" xml:space="preserve">駕則先上兩軸，</s> <s xml:id="N4037AE" xml:space="preserve">然後以次間架。</s> <s xml:id="N4037B1" xml:space="preserve">凡軾、</s> <s xml:id="N4037B4" xml:space="preserve">衡、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4037B7" xml:space="preserve">軫、</s> <s xml:id="N4037BA" xml:space="preserve">軛皆從軸上受基也。</s> <s xml:id="N4037BD" xml:space="preserve">凡四輪大車量可載五十石，</s> <s xml:id="N4037C0" xml:space="preserve">騾<lb/>馬多者或十二挂或十挂，</s> <s xml:id="N4037C3" xml:space="preserve">少亦八挂。</s> <s xml:id="N4037C6" xml:space="preserve">執鞭掌御者居箱<lb/>之中，</s> <s xml:id="N4037C9" xml:space="preserve">立足高處。</s> <s xml:id="N4037CC" xml:space="preserve">前馬分爲兩班，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d022122"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4037CF" xml:space="preserve">戰車四馬一班，</s> <s xml:id="N4037D2" xml:space="preserve">分驂、</s> <s xml:id="N4037D5" xml:space="preserve">服。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4037D8" xml:space="preserve">糾黃麻爲 <pb facs="X06.01.125B" n="四十b"/> 長索分系馬項，</s> <s xml:id="N4037DE" xml:space="preserve">後套總結收入衡內兩帝。</s> <s xml:id="N4037E1" xml:space="preserve">掌御者手執<lb/>長鞭，</s> <s xml:id="N4037E4" xml:space="preserve">鞭以麻爲繩，</s> <s xml:id="d022159" xml:space="preserve">長七尺許，</s> <s xml:id="d022162" xml:space="preserve">竿身亦相等，</s> <s xml:id="d022166" xml:space="preserve">察視不力者<lb/>鞭及其身。</s> <s xml:id="d022171" xml:space="preserve">箱內用二人踹繩，</s> <s xml:id="N4037E7" xml:space="preserve">須識馬性與索性者爲之。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4037EA" xml:space="preserve">馬行太緊則急起踹繩，</s> <s xml:id="N4037ED" xml:space="preserve">否則翻車之禍從此起也。</s> <s xml:id="N4037F0" xml:space="preserve">凡在<lb/>行時遇前途行人應避者，</s> <s xml:id="N4037F3" xml:space="preserve">則掌御者急以聲呼，</s> <s xml:id="N4037F6" xml:space="preserve">則群馬<lb/>皆止。</s> <s xml:id="N4037F9" xml:space="preserve">凡馬索總系透衡入箱處，</s> <s xml:id="N4037FC" xml:space="preserve">皆以牛皮束縛，</s> <s xml:id="N4037FF" xml:space="preserve">《詩經》所<lb/>謂“脅驅”是也。</s> <s xml:id="N403802" xml:space="preserve">凡大車飼馬不入肆舍，</s> <s xml:id="N403805" xml:space="preserve">車上載有柳盤，</s> <s xml:id="N403808" xml:space="preserve">解<lb/>索而野食之。</s> <s xml:id="N40380B" xml:space="preserve">乘車人上下皆緣小梯。</s> <s xml:id="N40380E" xml:space="preserve">凡過橋梁中高邊<lb/>下者，</s> <s xml:id="N403811" xml:space="preserve">則十馬之中擇一最強力者系于車後。</s> <s xml:id="N403814" xml:space="preserve">當其下坂，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.126A" n="四一a"/> <s xml:id="N403819" xml:space="preserve">則九馬從前緩曳，</s> <s xml:id="N40381C" xml:space="preserve">一馬從後竭力抓住，</s> <s xml:id="N40381F" xml:space="preserve">以殺其馳趨之<lb/>勢，</s> <s xml:id="N403822" xml:space="preserve">不然則險道也。</s> <s xml:id="N403825" xml:space="preserve">主大車行程，</s> <s xml:id="N403828" xml:space="preserve">遇河亦止，</s> <s xml:id="N40382B" xml:space="preserve">遇山亦止，</s> <s xml:id="N40382E" xml:space="preserve">遇<lb/>曲徑小道亦止。</s> <s xml:id="N403831" xml:space="preserve">徐、</s> <s xml:id="N403834" xml:space="preserve">兗、</s> <s xml:id="N403837" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403837-01">汴梁</name>之交或達三百里者，</s> <s xml:id="N40383A" xml:space="preserve">無水之<lb/>國所以濟舟楫之窮也。</s> <s xml:id="N40383D" xml:space="preserve">凡車質惟先擇長者爲軸，</s> <s xml:id="N403840" xml:space="preserve">短者<lb/>爲轂，</s> <s xml:id="N403843" xml:space="preserve">其木以槐、</s> <s xml:id="N403846" xml:space="preserve">棗、</s> <s xml:id="N403849" xml:space="preserve">檀、</s> <s xml:id="N40384C" xml:space="preserve">榆</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d022307"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d022312" xml:space="preserve">用榔榆 </s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d022323" xml:space="preserve">爲上。</s> <s xml:id="N40384F" xml:space="preserve">檀質太久勞則發燒，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403852" xml:space="preserve">有慎用者合抱棗、</s> <s xml:id="N403855" xml:space="preserve">槐，</s> <s xml:id="N403858" xml:space="preserve">其至美也。</s> <s xml:id="N40385B" xml:space="preserve">其余軫、</s> <s xml:id="N40385E" xml:space="preserve">衡、</s> <s xml:id="N403861" xml:space="preserve">箱、</s> <s xml:id="N403864" xml:space="preserve">軛則諸木<lb/>可爲耳。</s> <s xml:id="N403867" xml:space="preserve">此外，</s> <s xml:id="N40386A" xml:space="preserve">牛車以載芻糧，</s> <s xml:id="N40386D" xml:space="preserve">最盛<name type="place" xml:id="N40386D-01">晉地</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N403870" xml:space="preserve">路逢隘道則牛<lb/>頸系巨鈴，</s> <s xml:id="N403873" xml:space="preserve">名曰報君知，</s> <s xml:id="N403876" xml:space="preserve">猶之騾車群馬盡系鈴聲也。</s> <s xml:id="N403879" xml:space="preserve">又<lb/><name type="place" xml:id="N403879-01">北方</name>獨轅車，</s> <s xml:id="N40387C" xml:space="preserve">人推其後，</s> <s xml:id="N40387F" xml:space="preserve">驢曳其前，</s> <s xml:id="N403882" xml:space="preserve">行人不耐騎坐者，</s> <s xml:id="N403885" xml:space="preserve">則 <pb facs="X06.01.126B" n="四一b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.126B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.126B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.127A" n="四二a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.127A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.127A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.127B" n="四二b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.127B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.127B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.128A" n="四三a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.128A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.128A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.128B" n="四三b"/> 雇覓之。</s> <s xml:id="N40388B" xml:space="preserve">鞠席其上以蔽風日。</s> <s xml:id="N40388E" xml:space="preserve">人必兩旁對坐，</s> <s xml:id="N403891" xml:space="preserve">否則欹倒。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403894" xml:space="preserve">此車北上<name type="place" xml:id="N403894-01">長安</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403897" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403897-01">濟寧</name>徑達<name type="place" xml:id="N403897-02">帝京</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N40389A" xml:space="preserve">不載人者，</s> <s xml:id="N40389D" xml:space="preserve">載貨約重四<lb/>五石面止。</s> <s xml:id="N4038A0" xml:space="preserve">其駕牛爲轎車者，</s> <s xml:id="N4038A3" xml:space="preserve">獨盛中州。</s> <s xml:id="N4038A6" xml:space="preserve">兩帝雙輪，</s> <s xml:id="N4038A9" xml:space="preserve">中穿<lb/>一軸，</s> <s xml:id="N4038AC" xml:space="preserve">其分寸平如水。</s> <s xml:id="N4038AF" xml:space="preserve">橫架短衡列轎其上，</s> <s xml:id="N4038B2" xml:space="preserve">人可安坐，</s> <s xml:id="N4038B5" xml:space="preserve">脫<lb/>駕不欹。</s> <s xml:id="N4038B8" xml:space="preserve">其<name type="place" xml:id="N4038B8-01">南方</name>獨輪推車，</s> <s xml:id="N4038BB" xml:space="preserve">則一人之力是視。</s> <s xml:id="N4038BE" xml:space="preserve">容載二石，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4038C1" xml:space="preserve">遇坎即止，</s> <s xml:id="N4038C4" xml:space="preserve">最遠者止達百里而已。</s> <s xml:id="N4038C7" xml:space="preserve">其余難以牧述。</s> <s xml:id="N4038CA" xml:space="preserve">但生<lb/>于<name type="place" xml:id="N4038CA-01">南方</name>者不見大車，</s> <s xml:id="N4038CD" xml:space="preserve">老于<name type="place" xml:id="N4038CD-01">北方</name>者不見巨艦，</s> <s xml:id="N4038D0" xml:space="preserve">故粗載之。</s> </p> <floatingText> <body> <div type="float" xml:id="d022521"> <figure xml:id="d022523" corresp="fig-X06.01.126B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.126B-01"/> <head xml:id="d022528" xml:space="preserve">合掛火</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d022531" xml:space="preserve">箱</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d022534" xml:space="preserve">衡</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d022537" xml:space="preserve">輞</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d022541" xml:space="preserve">輻</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d022545" corresp="fig-X06.01.127A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.127A-01"/> <head xml:id="d022550" xml:space="preserve">車圖</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d022554" corresp="fig-X06.01.127B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.127B-01"/> <head xml:id="d022559" xml:space="preserve">雙繾獨轅車</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d022563" corresp="fig-X06.01.128A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.128A-01"/> <head xml:id="d022568" xml:space="preserve">南方獨推車</head> </figure> </div> </body> </floatingText> <pb facs="X06.01.129A" n="四四a"/> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d022578" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N4038D7" xml:space="preserve">錘鍛第十卷</head> <p xml:id="N4038DA"> <s xml:id="N4038DC" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N4038DF" xml:space="preserve">金要受攻而物象曲成。</s> <s xml:id="N4038E2" xml:space="preserve">世無利器，</s> <s xml:id="N4038E5" xml:space="preserve">即船、</s> <s xml:id="N4038E8" xml:space="preserve">垂安所<lb/>施其巧哉？</s> <s xml:id="N4038EB" xml:space="preserve">五兵之內，</s> <s xml:id="N4038EE" xml:space="preserve">六樂之中，</s> <s xml:id="N4038F1" xml:space="preserve">微鉗錘之奏功也，</s> <s xml:id="N4038F4" xml:space="preserve">生殺<lb/>之機泯然矣。</s> <s xml:id="N4038F7" xml:space="preserve">同出洪爐烈火，</s> <s xml:id="N4038FA" xml:space="preserve">大小殊形。</s> <s xml:id="N4038FD" xml:space="preserve">重千均者系巨<lb/>般于狂淵，</s> <s xml:id="N403900" xml:space="preserve">輕一羽者透繡紋于章服。</s> <s xml:id="N403903" xml:space="preserve">使冶鐘鑄鼎之巧。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403906" xml:space="preserve">束手而讓神功焉。</s> <s xml:id="N403909" xml:space="preserve">莫邪、</s> <s xml:id="N40390C" xml:space="preserve">幹將，</s> <s xml:id="N40390F" xml:space="preserve">雙龍飛躍，</s> <s xml:id="N403912" xml:space="preserve">母其說亦有征<lb/>焉者乎？</s> </p> <div xml:id="d022657" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403917" xml:space="preserve">治鐵</head> <p xml:id="N40391A"> <s xml:id="N40391C" xml:space="preserve">凡治鐵成器，</s> <s xml:id="N40391F" xml:space="preserve">取已炒熟鐵爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N403922" xml:space="preserve">先鑄鐵成砧，</s> <s xml:id="N403925" xml:space="preserve">以爲受錘 <pb facs="X06.01.129B" n="四四b"/> 之地。</s> <s xml:id="N40392B" xml:space="preserve">諺云：</s> <s xml:id="N40392E" xml:space="preserve">“萬器以鉗爲祖，</s> <s xml:id="N403931" xml:space="preserve">非無稽之說也，</s> <s xml:id="N403934" xml:space="preserve">凡出爐熟鐵<lb/>名曰毛鐵。</s> <s xml:id="N403937" xml:space="preserve">受鍛之時，</s> <s xml:id="N40393A" xml:space="preserve">十耗其三爲鐵華、</s> <s xml:id="N40393D" xml:space="preserve">鐵落。</s> <s xml:id="N403940" xml:space="preserve">若已成廢<lb/>器未鏽爛者名曰勞鐵，</s> <s xml:id="N403943" xml:space="preserve">改造他器與枯器，</s> <s xml:id="N403946" xml:space="preserve">再經錘鍛，</s> <s xml:id="N403949" xml:space="preserve">十<lb/>止耗去其一也。</s> <s xml:id="N40394C" xml:space="preserve">凡爐中熾鐵用炭，</s> <s xml:id="N40394F" xml:space="preserve">煤炭居十七，</s> <s xml:id="N403952" xml:space="preserve">木炭居<lb/>十三。</s> <s xml:id="N403955" xml:space="preserve">凡山林無煤之處，</s> <s xml:id="N403958" xml:space="preserve">鍛工先擇堅硬條木燒成火墨，<lb/></s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d022740"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40395B" xml:space="preserve">俗名火矢，</s> <s xml:id="N40395E" xml:space="preserve">揚燒不閉穴火。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N403961" xml:space="preserve">其炎更烈于煤。</s> <s xml:id="N403964" xml:space="preserve">即用煤炭，</s> <s xml:id="N403967" xml:space="preserve">也別有鐵炭一<lb/>種，</s> <s xml:id="N40396A" xml:space="preserve">取其火性內攻、</s> <s xml:id="N40396D" xml:space="preserve">焰不虛騰者，</s> <s xml:id="N403970" xml:space="preserve">與炊炭同形而分類也。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403973" xml:space="preserve">凡鐵性逐節粘合，</s> <s xml:id="N403976" xml:space="preserve">塗上黃泥于接口之上，</s> <s xml:id="N403979" xml:space="preserve">入火揮槌，</s> <s xml:id="N40397C" xml:space="preserve">泥<lb/>滓成枵而去，</s> <s xml:id="N40397F" xml:space="preserve">取其神氣爲媒合。</s> <s xml:id="N403982" xml:space="preserve">膠結之後，</s> <s xml:id="N403985" xml:space="preserve">非灼紅斧斬，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.130A" n="四五a"/> <s xml:id="N403988" xml:space="preserve">永不可斷也。</s> <s xml:id="N40398B" xml:space="preserve">凡熟鐵、</s> <s xml:id="N40398E" xml:space="preserve">鋼鐵已經爐爐錘，</s> <s xml:id="N403991" xml:space="preserve">水火未濟，</s> <s xml:id="N403994" xml:space="preserve">其質<lb/>未堅。</s> <s xml:id="N403997" xml:space="preserve">乘其出火時，</s> <s xml:id="N40399A" xml:space="preserve">入清水淬之，</s> <s xml:id="N40399D" xml:space="preserve">名曰健鋼、</s> <s xml:id="N4039A0" xml:space="preserve">健鐵。</s> <s xml:id="N4039A3" xml:space="preserve">言乎未<lb/>健之時，</s> <s xml:id="N4039A6" xml:space="preserve">爲鋼爲鐵，</s> <s xml:id="N4039A9" xml:space="preserve">弱性猶存也。</s> <s xml:id="N4039AC" xml:space="preserve">凡釬鐵之法，</s> <s xml:id="N4039AF" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4039AF-01">西洋諸國</name><lb/>別有奇藥。</s> <s xml:id="N4039B2" xml:space="preserve">中華小釬用白銅末，</s> <s xml:id="N4039B8" xml:space="preserve">大釬則竭力揮錘而強<lb/>合之，</s> <s xml:id="N4039BB" xml:space="preserve">歷歲之久終不可堅。</s> <s xml:id="N4039BE" xml:space="preserve">故大炮西番有鍛成者，</s> <s xml:id="N4039C1" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4039C1-01">中國</name><lb/>則惟事冶鑄也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d022882" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4039C4" xml:space="preserve">斤斧</head> <p xml:id="d022887"> <s xml:id="N4039C7" xml:space="preserve">凡鐵兵薄者爲刀劍，</s> <s xml:id="N4039CA" xml:space="preserve">背厚而面薄者爲斧斤。</s> <s xml:id="N4039CD" xml:space="preserve">刀劍絕美<lb/>者以百煉鋼包裹其外，</s> <s xml:id="N4039D0" xml:space="preserve">其中仍用無鋼鐵爲骨。</s> <s xml:id="N4039D3" xml:space="preserve">若非鋼 <pb facs="X06.01.130B" n="四五b"/> 表鐵里，</s> <s xml:id="N4039D9" xml:space="preserve">則勁力所施即成折斷。</s> <s xml:id="N4039DC" xml:space="preserve">其次尋常刀斧，</s> <s xml:id="N4039DF" xml:space="preserve">止嵌鋼<lb/>于其面。</s> <s xml:id="N4039E2" xml:space="preserve">即重價寶刀可斬釘截凡鐵者，</s> <s xml:id="N4039E5" xml:space="preserve">經數千遭磨礪，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4039E8" xml:space="preserve">則鋼盡而鐵現也。</s> <s xml:id="N4039EB" xml:space="preserve">倭國刀背闊不及二分許，</s> <s xml:id="N4039EE" xml:space="preserve">架于手指<lb/>之上不複欹倒，</s> <s xml:id="N4039F1" xml:space="preserve">不知用何錘法，</s> <s xml:id="N4039F4" xml:space="preserve">中國未得其傳。</s> <s xml:id="N4039F7" xml:space="preserve">凡鍵刀<lb/>斧皆嵌鋼、</s> <s xml:id="N4039FA" xml:space="preserve">包鋼，</s> <s xml:id="N4039FD" xml:space="preserve">整齊而後入水淬之。</s> <s xml:id="N403A00" xml:space="preserve">其快利則又在礪<lb/>石成功也。</s> <s xml:id="N403A03" xml:space="preserve">凡匠斧與椎，</s> <s xml:id="N403A06" xml:space="preserve">其中空管受柄處，</s> <s xml:id="N403A09" xml:space="preserve">皆先打冷鐵<lb/>爲骨，</s> <s xml:id="N403A0C" xml:space="preserve">名曰羊頭，</s> <s xml:id="N403A0F" xml:space="preserve">然後熱鐵包裹，</s> <s xml:id="N403A12" xml:space="preserve">冷者不粘，</s> <s xml:id="N403A15" xml:space="preserve">自成空隙。</s> <s xml:id="N403A18" xml:space="preserve">凡<lb/>攻石椎日久四面皆空，</s> <s xml:id="N403A1B" xml:space="preserve">鎔鐵補滿平填，</s> <s xml:id="N403A1E" xml:space="preserve">再用無弊。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d023000" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403A23" xml:space="preserve">鋤鋪</head> <pb facs="X06.01.131A" n="四六a"/> <p xml:id="N403A28"> <s xml:id="N403A2A" xml:space="preserve">凡治地生物，</s> <s xml:id="N403A2D" xml:space="preserve">用鋤、</s> <s xml:id="N403A30" xml:space="preserve">鋪之屬，</s> <s xml:id="N403A33" xml:space="preserve">熟鐵鍛成，</s> <s xml:id="N403A36" xml:space="preserve">溶化生鐵淋口，</s> <s xml:id="N403A39" xml:space="preserve">入<lb/>水淬健，</s> <s xml:id="N403A3C" xml:space="preserve">即城剛勁。</s> <s xml:id="N403A3F" xml:space="preserve">每鍬、</s> <s xml:id="N403A42" xml:space="preserve">鋤重一斤者，</s> <s xml:id="N403A45" xml:space="preserve">淋生鐵三錢爲率，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403A48" xml:space="preserve">少則不堅，</s> <s xml:id="N403A4B" xml:space="preserve">多則過剛而折。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d023054" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403A50" xml:space="preserve">鎈</head> <p xml:id="N403A53"> <s xml:id="N403A55" xml:space="preserve">凡鐵差純鋼爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N403A58" xml:space="preserve">未健之時鋼性亦軟。</s> <s xml:id="N403A5B" xml:space="preserve">以已健鋼鏩。</s> <s xml:id="N403A5E" xml:space="preserve">劃<lb/>成縱斜文理，</s> <s xml:id="N403A61" xml:space="preserve">劃時斜向入，</s> <s xml:id="N403A64" xml:space="preserve">則文方成焰。</s> <s xml:id="N403A67" xml:space="preserve">劃後燒紅，</s> <s xml:id="N403A6A" xml:space="preserve">退微<lb/>冷，</s> <s xml:id="N403A6D" xml:space="preserve">入水健。</s> <s xml:id="N403A70" xml:space="preserve">久用乖平，</s> <s xml:id="N403A73" xml:space="preserve">入火退去健性，</s> <s xml:id="N403A76" xml:space="preserve">再用斬劃。</s> <s xml:id="N403A79" xml:space="preserve">凡差開<lb/>鋸齒用茅葉差，</s> <s xml:id="N403A7C" xml:space="preserve">後用快弦差。</s> <s xml:id="N403A7F" xml:space="preserve">治銅錢用方長牽差，</s> <s xml:id="N403A82" xml:space="preserve">銷鑰<lb/>之類用方條差，</s> <s xml:id="N403A85" xml:space="preserve">治骨角用劍面差。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d023125"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403A88" xml:space="preserve">朱注所謂慮錫。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N403A8B" xml:space="preserve">治木末則錐 <pb facs="X06.01.131B" n="四六b"/> 成圓眼，</s> <s xml:id="N403A91" xml:space="preserve">不用縱斜文者，</s> <s xml:id="N403A94" xml:space="preserve">名曰香差。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d023150"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403A97" xml:space="preserve">劃差紋時，</s> <s xml:id="N403A9A" xml:space="preserve">用羊角末和鹽醋先塗。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d023169" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403A9F" xml:space="preserve">錐</head> <p xml:id="N403AA2"> <s xml:id="N403AA4" xml:space="preserve">凡錐熟鐵錘成，</s> <s xml:id="N403AA7" xml:space="preserve">不入鋼和。</s> <s xml:id="N403AAA" xml:space="preserve">治書編之類用圓鑽，</s> <s xml:id="N403AAD" xml:space="preserve">攻皮革<lb/>用扁鑽。</s> <s xml:id="N403AB0" xml:space="preserve">梓人轉索通眼、</s> <s xml:id="N403AB3" xml:space="preserve">引釘合木者，</s> <s xml:id="N403AB6" xml:space="preserve">用蛇頭鑽。</s> <s xml:id="N403AB9" xml:space="preserve">其制穎<lb/>上二分許，</s> <s xml:id="N403ABC" xml:space="preserve">一面圓，</s> <s xml:id="N403ABF" xml:space="preserve">一而剜入，</s> <s xml:id="N403AC2" xml:space="preserve">傍起兩棱，</s> <s xml:id="N403AC5" xml:space="preserve">以便轉索，</s> <s xml:id="N403AC8" xml:space="preserve">治銅<lb/>葉用雞心鑽，</s> <s xml:id="N403ACB" xml:space="preserve">其通身三棱者名旋鑽，</s> <s xml:id="N403ACE" xml:space="preserve">通身四方而末銳<lb/>者名打鑽。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d023235" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403AD3" xml:space="preserve">鋸</head> <p xml:id="N403AD6"> <s xml:id="N403AD8" xml:space="preserve">凡鋸熟鐵鍛成薄條，</s> <s xml:id="N403ADB" xml:space="preserve">不鋼，</s> <s xml:id="N403ADE" xml:space="preserve">亦不淬健。</s> <s xml:id="N403AE1" xml:space="preserve">出火退燒後，</s> <s xml:id="N403AE4" xml:space="preserve">頻加 <pb facs="X06.01.132A" n="四七a"/> 冷錘堅性，</s> <s xml:id="N403AEA" xml:space="preserve">用差開齒。</s> <s xml:id="N403AED" xml:space="preserve">兩頭銜木爲梁，</s> <s xml:id="N403AF0" xml:space="preserve">糾篾張開，</s> <s xml:id="N403AF3" xml:space="preserve">促緊使<lb/>直。</s> <s xml:id="N403AF6" xml:space="preserve">長者刮木，</s> <s xml:id="N403AF9" xml:space="preserve">短者截木，</s> <s xml:id="N403AFC" xml:space="preserve">齒是細者截竹。</s> <s xml:id="N403AFF" xml:space="preserve">齒鈍之時，</s> <s xml:id="N403B02" xml:space="preserve">頻加<lb/>差銳而後使之。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d023296" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403B07" xml:space="preserve">鉋</head> <p xml:id="N403B0A"> <s xml:id="N403B0C" xml:space="preserve">凡鉋磨礪嵌鋼寸鐵，</s> <s xml:id="N403B0F" xml:space="preserve">露刃秒忽，</s> <s xml:id="N403B12" xml:space="preserve">斜出木口之面，</s> <s xml:id="N403B15" xml:space="preserve">所以平<lb/>木，</s> <s xml:id="N403B18" xml:space="preserve">古名曰准。</s> <s xml:id="N403B1B" xml:space="preserve">巨者臥准露刃，</s> <s xml:id="N403B1E" xml:space="preserve">持木抽削，</s> <s xml:id="N403B21" xml:space="preserve">名曰推鉋，</s> <s xml:id="N403B24" xml:space="preserve">圓桶<lb/>家使之。</s> <s xml:id="N403B27" xml:space="preserve">尋常用者橫木爲兩翅，</s> <s xml:id="N403B2A" xml:space="preserve">手執前推。</s> <s xml:id="N403B2D" xml:space="preserve">梓人爲細功<lb/>者，</s> <s xml:id="N403B30" xml:space="preserve">有起線鉋，</s> <s xml:id="N403B33" xml:space="preserve">刃闊二分許。</s> <s xml:id="N403B36" xml:space="preserve">又刮木使極光者名昊蚣鉋，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403B39" xml:space="preserve">一木之上，</s> <s xml:id="N403B3C" xml:space="preserve">銜十余小刀，</s> <s xml:id="N403B3F" xml:space="preserve">如蜈蚣之足。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.132B" n="四七b"/> </div> <div xml:id="d023373" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403B46" xml:space="preserve">鑿</head> <p xml:id="N403B49"> <s xml:id="N403B4B" xml:space="preserve">凡鑿熟鐵鍛成，</s> <s xml:id="N403B4E" xml:space="preserve">嵌鋼于口，</s> <s xml:id="N403B51" xml:space="preserve">其本空圓，</s> <s xml:id="N403B54" xml:space="preserve">以受木柄。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d023394"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403B57" xml:space="preserve">先打鐵骨爲模，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403B5A" xml:space="preserve">名曰羊頭，</s> <s xml:id="N403B5D" xml:space="preserve">杓柄同用。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N403B60" xml:space="preserve">斧從柄催，</s> <s xml:id="N403B63" xml:space="preserve">入木透眼，</s> <s xml:id="N403B66" xml:space="preserve">其末粗者闊寸許，</s> <s xml:id="N403B69" xml:space="preserve">細者<lb/>三分而止。</s> <s xml:id="N403B6C" xml:space="preserve">需圓眼者則制成剜鑿爲之。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d023437" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403B71" xml:space="preserve">錨</head> <p xml:id="N403B74"> <s xml:id="N403B76" xml:space="preserve">凡舟行遇風難泊，</s> <s xml:id="N403B79" xml:space="preserve">則全身系命于錨。</s> <s xml:id="N403B7C" xml:space="preserve">戰船、</s> <s xml:id="N403B7F" xml:space="preserve">海船有重千<lb/>鈞者。</s> <s xml:id="N403B82" xml:space="preserve">錘法先成四爪，</s> <s xml:id="N403B85" xml:space="preserve">以次逐節接身。</s> <s xml:id="N403B88" xml:space="preserve">其三百斤以內者<lb/>用徑尺闊砧，</s> <s xml:id="N403B8B" xml:space="preserve">安頓爐傍，</s> <s xml:id="N403B8E" xml:space="preserve">當其兩端皆紅，</s> <s xml:id="N403B91" xml:space="preserve">掀去爐炭，</s> <s xml:id="N403B94" xml:space="preserve">鐵包<lb/>木棍夾持上砧。</s> <s xml:id="N403B97" xml:space="preserve">若千斤內外者則架木爲棚，</s> <s xml:id="N403B9A" xml:space="preserve">多人立其 <pb facs="X06.01.133A" n="四八a"/> 上共持鐵鏈，</s> <s xml:id="N403BA0" xml:space="preserve">兩接錨身，</s> <s xml:id="N403BA3" xml:space="preserve">其末皆帶巨鐵圈鏈套，</s> <s xml:id="N403BA6" xml:space="preserve">提起捩<lb/>轉，</s> <s xml:id="N403BA9" xml:space="preserve">咸力錘合，</s> <s xml:id="N403BAC" xml:space="preserve">合藥不用黃泥，</s> <s xml:id="N403BAF" xml:space="preserve">先取陳久壁土篩細，</s> <s xml:id="N403BB2" xml:space="preserve">一人<lb/>頻撒接口之中，</s> <s xml:id="N403BB5" xml:space="preserve">渾合方無微罅。</s> <s xml:id="N403BB8" xml:space="preserve">盖爐錘之中，</s> <s xml:id="N403BBB" xml:space="preserve">此物其最<lb/>巨者。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d023534" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403BC0" xml:space="preserve">針</head> <p xml:id="N403BC3"> <s xml:id="N403BC5" xml:space="preserve">凡針先錘鐵爲細條。</s> <s xml:id="N403BC8" xml:space="preserve">用鐵尺一根，</s> <s xml:id="N403BCB" xml:space="preserve">錐成線眼，</s> <s xml:id="N403BCE" xml:space="preserve">抽過條鐵<lb/>成線，</s> <s xml:id="N403BD1" xml:space="preserve">逐寸剪斷爲針。</s> <s xml:id="N403BD4" xml:space="preserve">先差其末成穎，</s> <s xml:id="N403BD7" xml:space="preserve">用小槌敲扁其本，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403BDA" xml:space="preserve">鋼錐穿鼻，</s> <s xml:id="N403BDD" xml:space="preserve">複差其外。</s> <s xml:id="N403BE0" xml:space="preserve">然後入釜，</s> <s xml:id="N403BE3" xml:space="preserve">慢火炒熬。</s> <s xml:id="N403BE6" xml:space="preserve">炒後以土末<lb/>入松木火天、</s> <s xml:id="N403BE9" xml:space="preserve">豆豉三物罨盖，</s> <s xml:id="N403BEC" xml:space="preserve">下用火蒸。</s> <s xml:id="N403BEF" xml:space="preserve">留針二三口插 <pb facs="X06.01.133B" n="四八b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.133B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.133B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.134A" n="四九a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.134A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.134A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.134B" n="四九b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.134B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.134B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.135A" n="五十a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.135A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.135A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.135B" n="五十b"/> 插于其外，</s> <s xml:id="N403BF5" xml:space="preserve">以試火候。</s> <s xml:id="N403BF8" xml:space="preserve">其外針入手捻成粉碎，</s> <s xml:id="N403BFB" xml:space="preserve">則其下針<lb/>火候皆足。</s> <s xml:id="N403BFE" xml:space="preserve">然後開封，</s> <s xml:id="N403C01" xml:space="preserve">入水健之。</s> <s xml:id="N403C04" xml:space="preserve">凡引線成衣與刺鏽者，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403C07" xml:space="preserve">其質皆剛。</s> <s xml:id="N403C0A" xml:space="preserve">惟馬尾刺工爲冠者，</s> <s xml:id="N403C0D" xml:space="preserve">則用柳條軟針。</s> <s xml:id="N403C10" xml:space="preserve">分別之<lb/>妙，</s> <s xml:id="N403C13" xml:space="preserve">在于水爲健法云。</s> </p> <floatingText> <body> <div type="float" xml:id="d023655"> <figure xml:id="d023657" corresp="fig-X06.01.133B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.133B-01"/> <head xml:id="d023662" xml:space="preserve">鍾錨</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d023666" corresp="fig-X06.01.134A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.134A-01"/> <head xml:id="d023671" xml:space="preserve">圖</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d023675" corresp="fig-X06.01.134B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.134B-01"/> <head xml:id="d023680" xml:space="preserve">抽線琢</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d023684" corresp="fig-X06.01.135A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.135A-01"/> <head xml:id="d023689" xml:space="preserve">圖</head> </figure> </div> </body> </floatingText> </div> <div xml:id="d023695" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403C18" xml:space="preserve">治銅</head> <p xml:id="N403C1B"> <s xml:id="N403C1D" xml:space="preserve">凡紅銅升黃而後鎔化造器，</s> <s xml:id="N403C20" xml:space="preserve">用砒升者爲白銅器，</s> <s xml:id="N403C23" xml:space="preserve">工費<lb/>倍難，</s> <s xml:id="N403C26" xml:space="preserve">侈者事之。</s> <s xml:id="N403C29" xml:space="preserve">凡黃銅，</s> <s xml:id="N403C2C" xml:space="preserve">原從爐甘石升者不退火性受<lb/>錘；</s> <s xml:id="N403C2F" xml:space="preserve">從倭鉛升者出爐退火性，</s> <s xml:id="N403C32" xml:space="preserve">以受冷錘。</s> <s xml:id="N403C35" xml:space="preserve">凡響銅入錫參<lb/>和</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d023740"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d023745" xml:space="preserve">法具《五金》卷 </s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d023757" xml:space="preserve">成樂器者，</s> <s xml:id="N403C38" xml:space="preserve">必圓成無釬。</s> <s xml:id="N403C3B" xml:space="preserve">其余方圓用器，</s> <s xml:id="N403C3E" xml:space="preserve">走釬、</s> <pb facs="X06.01.136A" n="五一a"/> <s xml:id="N403C43" xml:space="preserve">炙火粘合。</s> <s xml:id="N403C46" xml:space="preserve">用錫末者爲小釬，</s> <s xml:id="N403C49" xml:space="preserve">用響銅末者爲大釬。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d023781"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403C4C" xml:space="preserve">碎銅爲末，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403C4F" xml:space="preserve">用飯粘和打，</s> <s xml:id="N403C52" xml:space="preserve">入水洗去飯，</s> <s xml:id="N403C55" xml:space="preserve">銅末具存，</s> <s xml:id="N403C58" xml:space="preserve">不然則撒散。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N403C5B" xml:space="preserve">若釬銀器，</s> <s xml:id="N403C5E" xml:space="preserve">則用紅銅末。</s> <s xml:id="N403C61" xml:space="preserve">凡錘<lb/>樂器，</s> <s xml:id="N403C64" xml:space="preserve">錘鉦</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d023827"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d023832" xml:space="preserve">俗名鑼 </s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d023843" xml:space="preserve">不事先鑄，</s> <s xml:id="N403C67" xml:space="preserve">鎔團即錘。</s> <s xml:id="N403C6A" xml:space="preserve">錘鐲</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d023855"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d023860" xml:space="preserve">俗名銅鼓</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d023871" xml:space="preserve">與丁寧，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403C6D" xml:space="preserve">則先鑄成圓片，</s> <s xml:id="N403C70" xml:space="preserve">然後受錘。</s> <s xml:id="N403C73" xml:space="preserve">凡錘鉦、</s> <s xml:id="N403C76" xml:space="preserve">蜀皆鋪團于地面。</s> <s xml:id="N403C79" xml:space="preserve">巨<lb/>者眾共揮力，</s> <s xml:id="N403C7C" xml:space="preserve">由小闊開，</s> <s xml:id="N403C7F" xml:space="preserve">就身起弦聲，</s> <s xml:id="N403C82" xml:space="preserve">俱從冷錘點發。</s> <s xml:id="N403C85" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>銅鼓中間突起降炮，</s> <s xml:id="N403C88" xml:space="preserve">而後冷錘開聲，</s> <s xml:id="N403C8B" xml:space="preserve">聲分雌與雄，</s> <s xml:id="N403C8E" xml:space="preserve">則在<lb/>分厘起伏之妙。</s> <s xml:id="N403C91" xml:space="preserve">重數錘者，</s> <s xml:id="N403C94" xml:space="preserve">其聲爲雄。</s> <s xml:id="N403C97" xml:space="preserve">凡銅經錘之後，</s> <s xml:id="N403C9A" xml:space="preserve">色<lb/>成啞白，</s> <s xml:id="N403C9D" xml:space="preserve">受差複現黃光。</s> <s xml:id="N403CA0" xml:space="preserve">經錘折耗，</s> <s xml:id="N403CA3" xml:space="preserve">鐵損其十者，</s> <s xml:id="N403CA6" xml:space="preserve">銅只去<lb/>其一。</s> <s xml:id="N403CA9" xml:space="preserve">氣腥而色美，</s> <s xml:id="N403CAC" xml:space="preserve">故錘工亦貴重鐵工一等云。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.136B" n="五一b"/> <figure xml:id="d023957"> <graphic url="X06.01.136B-01"/> <head xml:id="d023962" xml:space="preserve">鍾鉦與</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.137A" n="五二a"/> <figure xml:id="d023969"> <graphic url="X06.01.137A-01"/> <head xml:id="d023974" xml:space="preserve">獨圖</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.137B" n="五二b"/> <pb facs="X06.01.138A" n="五三a"/> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d023984" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N403CB3" xml:space="preserve">燔石第十一卷</head> <p xml:id="N403CB6"> <s xml:id="N403CB8" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N403CBB" xml:space="preserve">五行之內，</s> <s xml:id="N403CBE" xml:space="preserve">土爲萬物之母。</s> <s xml:id="N403CC1" xml:space="preserve">子之貴者，</s> <s xml:id="N403CC4" xml:space="preserve">豈惟五金<lb/>哉。</s> <s xml:id="N403CC7" xml:space="preserve">金與火相守而流，</s> <s xml:id="N403CCA" xml:space="preserve">功用謂莫尚焉矣。</s> <s xml:id="N403CCD" xml:space="preserve">石得燔而成功，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403CD0" xml:space="preserve">盖愈出而愈奇焉。</s> <s xml:id="N403CD3" xml:space="preserve">水浸淫而敗物，</s> <s xml:id="N403CD6" xml:space="preserve">有隙必攻，</s> <s xml:id="N403CD9" xml:space="preserve">所謂不遺<lb/>絲發者。</s> <s xml:id="N403CDC" xml:space="preserve">調和一物以爲外拒，</s> <s xml:id="N403CDF" xml:space="preserve">漂海則衝洋瀾，</s> <s xml:id="N403CE2" xml:space="preserve">粘甃則固<lb/>城雉。</s> <s xml:id="N403CE5" xml:space="preserve">不煩歷候遠涉，</s> <s xml:id="N403CE8" xml:space="preserve">而至寶得焉。</s> <s xml:id="N403CEB" xml:space="preserve">燔石之功，</s> <s xml:id="N403CEE" xml:space="preserve">殆莫之與<lb/>京矣。</s> <s xml:id="N403CF1" xml:space="preserve">至于礬現五色之形，</s> <s xml:id="N403CF4" xml:space="preserve">硫爲群石之將，</s> <s xml:id="N403CF7" xml:space="preserve">皆變化于烈<lb/>火。</s> <s xml:id="N403CFA" xml:space="preserve">巧極丹鉛爐火，</s> <s xml:id="N403CFD" xml:space="preserve">方土縱焦勞唇舌，</s> <s xml:id="N403D00" xml:space="preserve">何嘗肖像天工之<lb/>萬一哉！</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.138B" n="五三b"/> <div xml:id="d024088" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403D07" xml:space="preserve">石灰</head> <p xml:id="N403D0A"> <s xml:id="N403D0C" xml:space="preserve">凡石灰經火焚煉爲用。</s> <s xml:id="N403D0F" xml:space="preserve">成質之後，</s> <s xml:id="N403D12" xml:space="preserve">入水永劫不壞。</s> <s xml:id="N403D15" xml:space="preserve">億萬<lb/>舟楫，</s> <s xml:id="N403D18" xml:space="preserve">億萬垣牆，</s> <s xml:id="N403D1B" xml:space="preserve">窒隙防淫，</s> <s xml:id="N403D1E" xml:space="preserve">是必由之。</s> <s xml:id="N403D21" xml:space="preserve">百里內外，</s> <s xml:id="N403D24" xml:space="preserve">土中必<lb/>生可燔石，</s> <s xml:id="N403D27" xml:space="preserve">石以青色爲上，</s> <s xml:id="N403D2A" xml:space="preserve">黃白次之。</s> <s xml:id="N403D2D" xml:space="preserve">石必掩土內二三<lb/>尺，</s> <s xml:id="N403D30" xml:space="preserve">掘取受燔，</s> <s xml:id="N403D33" xml:space="preserve">土面見風者不用。</s> <s xml:id="N403D36" xml:space="preserve">燔灰火料煤炭居會九，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403D39" xml:space="preserve">薪炭居什一。</s> <s xml:id="N403D3C" xml:space="preserve">先取煤炭泥和做成餅，</s> <s xml:id="N403D3F" xml:space="preserve">每煤餅一層疊石<lb/>一層，</s> <s xml:id="N403D42" xml:space="preserve">鋪薪其底，</s> <s xml:id="N403D45" xml:space="preserve">灼火燔之。</s> <s xml:id="N403D48" xml:space="preserve">最佳者曰礦灰，</s> <s xml:id="N403D4B" xml:space="preserve">最惡者曰窯<lb/>滓灰。</s> <s xml:id="N403D4E" xml:space="preserve">火力到後，</s> <s xml:id="N403D51" xml:space="preserve">燒酥石性，</s> <s xml:id="N403D54" xml:space="preserve">軒于風中久自吹化成粉，</s> <s xml:id="N403D57" xml:space="preserve">急<lb/>用者以水沃之，</s> <s xml:id="N403D5A" xml:space="preserve">亦自解散。</s> <s xml:id="N403D5D" xml:space="preserve">凡灰用以固舟縫，</s> <s xml:id="N403D60" xml:space="preserve">則桐油、</s> <s xml:id="N403D63" xml:space="preserve">魚 <pb facs="X06.01.139A" n="五四a"/> 油調厚絹、</s> <s xml:id="N403D69" xml:space="preserve">細羅，</s> <s xml:id="N403D6C" xml:space="preserve">和油杵千下塞艌。</s> <s xml:id="N403D6F" xml:space="preserve">用以砌牆石，</s> <s xml:id="N403D72" xml:space="preserve">則篩去<lb/>石塊，</s> <s xml:id="N403D75" xml:space="preserve">水調粘合。</s> <s xml:id="N403D78" xml:space="preserve">甃墁則仍用油灰。</s> <s xml:id="N403D7B" xml:space="preserve">用以堊牆壁，</s> <s xml:id="N403D7E" xml:space="preserve">則澄過<lb/>入紙筋塗墁。</s> <s xml:id="N403D81" xml:space="preserve">用以襄墓及貯水池，</s> <s xml:id="N403D84" xml:space="preserve">則灰一分，</s> <s xml:id="N403D87" xml:space="preserve">入河沙、</s> <s xml:id="N403D8A" xml:space="preserve">黃<lb/>土二分，</s> <s xml:id="N403D8D" xml:space="preserve">用糯粳米、</s> <s xml:id="N403D90" xml:space="preserve">羊桃藤汁和勻，</s> <s xml:id="N403D93" xml:space="preserve">輕築堅固，</s> <s xml:id="N403D96" xml:space="preserve">永不隳壞，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403D99" xml:space="preserve">名曰三和土。</s> <s xml:id="N403D9C" xml:space="preserve">其余造澱造紙，</s> <s xml:id="N403D9F" xml:space="preserve">功用難以牧述。</s> <s xml:id="N403DA2" xml:space="preserve">凡<name type="place" xml:id="N403DA2-01">溫</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403DA5" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403DA5-01">台</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403DA8" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403DA8-01">閩</name>、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403DAB" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403DAB-01">廣</name>海賓石不堪灰者，</s> <s xml:id="N403DAE" xml:space="preserve">則天生蠣蚝以代之。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d024303" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403DB3" xml:space="preserve">蠣灰</head> <p xml:id="N403DB6"> <s xml:id="N403DB8" xml:space="preserve">凡海濱石山傍水處，</s> <s xml:id="N403DBB" xml:space="preserve">咸浪積壓，</s> <s xml:id="N403DBE" xml:space="preserve">生出蠣房，</s> <s xml:id="N403DC1" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403DC1-01">閩</name>中曰蚝房。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403DC4" xml:space="preserve">經年久者長成數丈，</s> <s xml:id="N403DC7" xml:space="preserve">闊則數畝，</s> <s xml:id="N403DCA" xml:space="preserve">崎嶇如石假山形象。</s> <s xml:id="N403DCD" xml:space="preserve">蛤 <pb facs="X06.01.139B" n="五四b"/> 之類壓入岩中，</s> <s xml:id="N403DD3" xml:space="preserve">久則消化作肉團，</s> <s xml:id="N403DD6" xml:space="preserve">名曰蠣黃，</s> <s xml:id="N403DD9" xml:space="preserve">味極珍美。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403DDC" xml:space="preserve">凡燔蠣灰者，</s> <s xml:id="N403DDF" xml:space="preserve">執椎與鑿，</s> <s xml:id="N403DE2" xml:space="preserve">濡足取來，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d024362"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403DE5" xml:space="preserve">藥鋪所貨牡蠣，</s> <s xml:id="N403DE8" xml:space="preserve">即此碎塊。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N403DEB" xml:space="preserve">疊煤架<lb/>火燔成，</s> <s xml:id="N403DEE" xml:space="preserve">與前石灰共法。</s> <s xml:id="N403DF1" xml:space="preserve">粘砌成牆、</s> <s xml:id="N403DF4" xml:space="preserve">橋梁，</s> <s xml:id="N403DF7" xml:space="preserve">調和桐油造舟，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403DFA" xml:space="preserve">功皆相同。</s> <s xml:id="N403DFD" xml:space="preserve">有誤以蜆灰</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d024407"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d024412" xml:space="preserve">即蛤粉</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d024423" xml:space="preserve">爲蠣灰者，</s> <s xml:id="N403E00" xml:space="preserve">不格物之故也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d024431" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403E05" xml:space="preserve">煤炭</head> <p xml:id="N403E08"> <s xml:id="N403E0A" xml:space="preserve">凡煤炭普天皆生，</s> <s xml:id="N403E0D" xml:space="preserve">以供鍛煉金石之用。</s> <s xml:id="N403E10" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403E10-01">南方</name>禿山無草<lb/>木者，</s> <s xml:id="N403E13" xml:space="preserve">下即有煤，</s> <s xml:id="N403E16" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403E16-01">北方</name>勿論。</s> <s xml:id="N403E19" xml:space="preserve">煤有三種，</s> <s xml:id="N403E1C" xml:space="preserve">有明煤、</s> <s xml:id="N403E1F" xml:space="preserve">碎煤、</s> <s xml:id="N403E22" xml:space="preserve">末煤。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403E25" xml:space="preserve">明煤大塊如斗許，</s> <s xml:id="N403E28" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403E28-01">燕</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403E2B" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403E2B-01">齊</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403E2E" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403E2E-01">秦</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403E31" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403E31-01">晉</name>生之。</s> <s xml:id="N403E34" xml:space="preserve">不用風箱鼓扇，</s> <s xml:id="N403E37" xml:space="preserve">以木<lb/>炭少許引燃，</s> <s xml:id="N403E3A" xml:space="preserve">熯熾達晝夜。</s> <s xml:id="N403E3D" xml:space="preserve">其傍夾帶碎屑，</s> <s xml:id="N403E40" xml:space="preserve">則用潔淨黃 <pb facs="X06.01.140A" n="五五a"/> 土調水作餅而燒之。</s> <s xml:id="N403E46" xml:space="preserve">碎煤有兩種，</s> <s xml:id="N403E49" xml:space="preserve">多生<name type="place" xml:id="N403E49-01">吳</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403E4C" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403E4C-01">楚</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N403E4F" xml:space="preserve">炎高者曰<lb/>飯炭，</s> <s xml:id="N403E52" xml:space="preserve">用以炊烹；</s> <s xml:id="N403E55" xml:space="preserve">炎平者曰鐵炭，</s> <s xml:id="N403E58" xml:space="preserve">用以冶鍛。</s> <s xml:id="N403E5B" xml:space="preserve">入爐選用水<lb/>沃濕，</s> <s xml:id="N403E5E" xml:space="preserve">必用鼓鞁後紅，</s> <s xml:id="N403E61" xml:space="preserve">以次增添而用。</s> <s xml:id="N403E64" xml:space="preserve">末煤如面者，</s> <s xml:id="N403E67" xml:space="preserve">名曰<lb/>自來風。</s> <s xml:id="N403E6A" xml:space="preserve">泥水調成餅，</s> <s xml:id="N403E6D" xml:space="preserve">入于爐內，</s> <s xml:id="N403E70" xml:space="preserve">既灼之後，</s> <s xml:id="N403E73" xml:space="preserve">與明煤相同，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403E76" xml:space="preserve">經晝夜不滅，</s> <s xml:id="N403E79" xml:space="preserve">半供炊爨，</s> <s xml:id="N403E7C" xml:space="preserve">半供鎔銅、</s> <s xml:id="N403E7F" xml:space="preserve">化石、</s> <s xml:id="N403E82" xml:space="preserve">升朱。</s> <s xml:id="N403E85" xml:space="preserve">至于燔石<lb/>爲灰與礬、</s> <s xml:id="N403E88" xml:space="preserve">硫，</s> <s xml:id="N403E8B" xml:space="preserve">則三煤皆可用也。</s> <s xml:id="N403E8E" xml:space="preserve">凡取煤經歷久者，</s> <s xml:id="N403E91" xml:space="preserve">從土<lb/>面能辨有無之色，</s> <s xml:id="N403E94" xml:space="preserve">然後掘挖，</s> <s xml:id="N403E97" xml:space="preserve">深至五丈許方始得煤。</s> <s xml:id="N403E9A" xml:space="preserve">初<lb/>見煤端時，</s> <s xml:id="N403E9D" xml:space="preserve">毒氣灼人。</s> <s xml:id="N403EA0" xml:space="preserve">有將巨竹鑿去中李，</s> <s xml:id="N403EA3" xml:space="preserve">尖銳其末，</s> <s xml:id="N403EA6" xml:space="preserve">插<lb/>入炭中，</s> <s xml:id="N403EA9" xml:space="preserve">其毒烟從竹中透上，</s> <s xml:id="N403EAC" xml:space="preserve">人從其下施矍拾取者。</s> <s xml:id="N403EAF" xml:space="preserve">或 <pb facs="X06.01.140B" n="五五b"/> 一井而下，</s> <s xml:id="N403EB5" xml:space="preserve">炭縱橫廣有，</s> <s xml:id="N403EB8" xml:space="preserve">則隨其左右闊取。</s> <s xml:id="N403EBB" xml:space="preserve">其上枝板，</s> <s xml:id="N403EBE" xml:space="preserve">以<lb/>防壓崩耳。</s> <s xml:id="N403EC1" xml:space="preserve">凡煤炭取空而後，</s> <s xml:id="N403EC4" xml:space="preserve">以土填實其井，</s> <s xml:id="N403EC7" xml:space="preserve">經二三十<lb/>年後，</s> <s xml:id="N403ECA" xml:space="preserve">其下煤複生長，</s> <s xml:id="N403ECD" xml:space="preserve">取之不盡。</s> <s xml:id="N403ED0" xml:space="preserve">其底及四周石卵，</s> <s xml:id="N403ED3" xml:space="preserve">土人<lb/>名曰銅炭者，</s> <s xml:id="N403ED6" xml:space="preserve">取出燒皂礬與硫黃。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d024699"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403ED9" xml:space="preserve">詳後款。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N403EDC" xml:space="preserve">凡石卵單取硫<lb/>黃者，</s> <s xml:id="N403EDF" xml:space="preserve">其氣薰甚，</s> <s xml:id="N403EE2" xml:space="preserve">名曰臭煤，</s> <s xml:id="N403EE5" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403EE5-01">燕京</name><name type="place" xml:id="N403EE5-02">房山</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403EE8" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403EE8-01">固安</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N403EEB" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403EEB-01">湖廣</name><name type="place" xml:id="N403EEB-02">荊州</name>等<lb/>處間有之。</s> <s xml:id="N403EEE" xml:space="preserve">凡煤炭經焚而後，</s> <s xml:id="N403EF1" xml:space="preserve">質隨火神化去，</s> <s xml:id="N403EF4" xml:space="preserve">總無灰滓。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403EF7" xml:space="preserve">盖金與土石之間，</s> <s xml:id="N403EFA" xml:space="preserve">造化別現此種去。</s> <s xml:id="N403EFD" xml:space="preserve">凡煤炭不生茂草<lb/>盛木之鄉，</s> <s xml:id="N403F00" xml:space="preserve">以見天心之妙。</s> <s xml:id="N403F03" xml:space="preserve">其炊爨功用所不及者，</s> <s xml:id="N403F06" xml:space="preserve">唯結<lb/>腐一種而已。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d024780"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403F09" xml:space="preserve">結豆腐用煤爐則焦苦。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.141A" n="五六a"/> <figure xml:id="d024797"> <graphic url="X06.01.141A-01"/> <head xml:id="d024802" xml:space="preserve">南方<lb/>穵煤</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d024807" xml:space="preserve">毒烟<lb/>氣</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d024812" xml:space="preserve">井內</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.141B" n="五六b"/> <figure xml:id="d024819"> <graphic url="X06.01.141B-01"/> <head xml:id="d024824" xml:space="preserve">煤餅燒石成灰</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d024827" xml:space="preserve">燒蠣<lb/>房法</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.142A" n="五七a"/> <figure xml:id="d024835"> <graphic url="X06.01.142A-01"/> <head xml:id="d024840" xml:space="preserve">鑿取蠣房</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d024843" xml:space="preserve">潮</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.142B" n="五七b"/> </div> <div xml:id="d024850" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403F0E" xml:space="preserve">礬石 白礬</head> <p xml:id="d024855"> <s xml:id="N403F11" xml:space="preserve">凡礬燔石而成。</s> <s xml:id="N403F14" xml:space="preserve">白礬一種，</s> <s xml:id="N403F17" xml:space="preserve">亦所在有之。</s> <s xml:id="N403F1A" xml:space="preserve">最盛者<name type="place" xml:id="N403F1A-01">山西</name><name type="place" xml:id="N403F1A-02">晉</name>、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403F1D" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403F1D-01">南</name>直無爲等州，</s> <s xml:id="N403F20" xml:space="preserve">值價低賤，</s> <s xml:id="N403F23" xml:space="preserve">與寒水石相仿。</s> <s xml:id="N403F26" xml:space="preserve">然煎水極沸，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403F29" xml:space="preserve">投礬化之，</s> <s xml:id="N403F2C" xml:space="preserve">以之染物，</s> <s xml:id="N403F2F" xml:space="preserve">則固結膚膜之間，</s> <s xml:id="N403F32" xml:space="preserve">外之永不人，</s> <s xml:id="N403F35" xml:space="preserve">故<lb/>制糖餞與染面紙、</s> <s xml:id="N403F38" xml:space="preserve">紅紙者需之。</s> <s xml:id="N403F3B" xml:space="preserve">其末幹撒，</s> <s xml:id="N403F3E" xml:space="preserve">又能治浸淫<lb/>惡水，</s> <s xml:id="N403F41" xml:space="preserve">故濕瘡家亦急需之也。</s> <s xml:id="N403F44" xml:space="preserve">凡白礬，</s> <s xml:id="N403F47" xml:space="preserve">掘土取磊塊石，</s> <s xml:id="N403F4A" xml:space="preserve">層<lb/>疊煤炭餅鍛煉，</s> <s xml:id="N403F4D" xml:space="preserve">如燒石灰樣。</s> <s xml:id="N403F50" xml:space="preserve">火候已足，</s> <s xml:id="N403F53" xml:space="preserve">冷定入水。</s> <s xml:id="N403F56" xml:space="preserve">煎水<lb/>極沸時，</s> <s xml:id="N403F59" xml:space="preserve">盤中有濺溢如物飛出，</s> <s xml:id="N403F5C" xml:space="preserve">俗名蝴蝶礬者，</s> <s xml:id="N403F5F" xml:space="preserve">則礬成<lb/>矣。</s> <s xml:id="N403F62" xml:space="preserve">煎濃之後，</s> <s xml:id="N403F65" xml:space="preserve">入水缸內澄，</s> <s xml:id="N403F68" xml:space="preserve">其上隆結曰吊礬，</s> <s xml:id="N403F6B" xml:space="preserve">潔白異常。</s> <pb facs="X06.01.143A" n="五八a"/> <s xml:id="N403F70" xml:space="preserve">其沉下者曰缸礬。</s> <s xml:id="N403F73" xml:space="preserve">輕虛如棉絮者曰柳絮礬，</s> <s xml:id="N403F76" xml:space="preserve">燒汁至盡，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N403F79" xml:space="preserve">白如雪者，</s> <s xml:id="N403F7C" xml:space="preserve">謂之巴石。</s> <s xml:id="N403F7F" xml:space="preserve">方藥家鍛過用者曰枯礬云。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d024998" type="section"> <head xml:id="N403F82" xml:space="preserve">青礬 紅礬 黃礬 膽礬</head> <p xml:id="d025003"> <s xml:id="N403F85" xml:space="preserve">凡皂、</s> <s xml:id="N403F88" xml:space="preserve">紅、</s> <s xml:id="N403F8B" xml:space="preserve">黃礬，</s> <s xml:id="N403F8E" xml:space="preserve">皆出一種而成，</s> <s xml:id="N403F91" xml:space="preserve">變化其質。</s> <s xml:id="N403F94" xml:space="preserve">取煤炭外礦石<lb/></s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d025027"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d025032" xml:space="preserve">俗名銅炭</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d025043" xml:space="preserve">子，</s> <s xml:id="N403F97" xml:space="preserve">每五百斤入爐，</s> <s xml:id="N403F9A" xml:space="preserve">爐內用煤炭餅</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d025055"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d025060" xml:space="preserve">自來風不用鼓鞁者</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d025071" xml:space="preserve">千余<lb/>斤，</s> <s xml:id="N403F9D" xml:space="preserve">周圍包裹此石。</s> <s xml:id="N403FA0" xml:space="preserve">爐外砌築土牆圈圍，</s> <s xml:id="N403FA3" xml:space="preserve">爐巔空一圓孔<lb/>如茶碗口大，</s> <s xml:id="N403FA6" xml:space="preserve">透炎直上，</s> <s xml:id="N403FA9" xml:space="preserve">孔傍以礬滓厚罨。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d025094"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403FAC" xml:space="preserve">此滓不知起自何世，</s> <s xml:id="N403FAF" xml:space="preserve">欲作<lb/>新爐者，</s> <s xml:id="N403FB2" xml:space="preserve">非舊滓罨盖則不成。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N403FB5" xml:space="preserve">然後從底發火，</s> <s xml:id="N403FB8" xml:space="preserve">此火度經十日方熄。</s> <s xml:id="N403FBB" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>孔眼時有金色光直上。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d025129"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403FBE" xml:space="preserve">取硫，</s> <s xml:id="N403FC1" xml:space="preserve">詳後款。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N403FC4" xml:space="preserve">鍛經十日後，</s> <s xml:id="N403FC7" xml:space="preserve">冷定取出。</s> <pb facs="X06.01.143B" n="五八b"/> <s xml:id="N403FCC" xml:space="preserve">半酥雜碎者另揀出，</s> <s xml:id="N403FCF" xml:space="preserve">名曰時礬，</s> <s xml:id="N403FD2" xml:space="preserve">爲煎礬紅用。</s> <s xml:id="N403FD5" xml:space="preserve">其中精粹<lb/>如礦灰形者，</s> <s xml:id="N403FD8" xml:space="preserve">取入缸中浸三個時，</s> <s xml:id="N403FDB" xml:space="preserve">漉入釜中煎煉。</s> <s xml:id="N403FDE" xml:space="preserve">每水<lb/>十石煎至一石，</s> <s xml:id="N403FE1" xml:space="preserve">火候方足。</s> <s xml:id="N403FE4" xml:space="preserve">煎幹之後，</s> <s xml:id="N403FE7" xml:space="preserve">上結者皆佳好皂<lb/>礬，</s> <s xml:id="N403FEA" xml:space="preserve">下者爲礬滓。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d025196"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N403FED" xml:space="preserve">後爐用此盖。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N403FF0" xml:space="preserve">此皂礬染家必需用。</s> <s xml:id="N403FF3" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N403FF3-01">中國</name>煎者<lb/>亦惟五六所。</s> <s xml:id="N403FF6" xml:space="preserve">原石五百斤成皂礬二百斤，</s> <s xml:id="N403FF9" xml:space="preserve">其大端也。</s> <s xml:id="N403FFC" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>揀出時礬</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d025234"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d025239" xml:space="preserve">俗又名雞屎礬</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d025250" xml:space="preserve">每斤入黃土四兩，</s> <s xml:id="N403FFF" xml:space="preserve">入罐熬煉，</s> <s xml:id="N404002" xml:space="preserve">則成礬<lb/>紅。</s> <s xml:id="N404005" xml:space="preserve">圬墁及油漆家用之。</s> <s xml:id="N404008" xml:space="preserve">其黃礬所出又奇甚，</s> <s xml:id="N40400B" xml:space="preserve">乃即煉皂<lb/>礬爐側土牆，</s> <s xml:id="N40400E" xml:space="preserve">春夏經受火石精氣，</s> <s xml:id="N404011" xml:space="preserve">至霜降、</s> <s xml:id="N404014" xml:space="preserve">立冬之交，</s> <s xml:id="N404017" xml:space="preserve">冷<lb/>靜之時，</s> <s xml:id="N40401A" xml:space="preserve">其牆上自然爆出此種，</s> <s xml:id="N40401D" xml:space="preserve">如<name type="place" xml:id="N40401D-01">淮北</name>磚牆生焰硝樣。</s> <pb facs="X06.01.144A" n="五九a"/> <s xml:id="N404022" xml:space="preserve">刮取下來，</s> <s xml:id="N404025" xml:space="preserve">名曰黃礬，</s> <s xml:id="N404028" xml:space="preserve">染家用之。</s> <s xml:id="N40402B" xml:space="preserve">金色淡者塗炙，</s> <s xml:id="N40402E" xml:space="preserve">立成紫<lb/>赤也。</s> <s xml:id="N404031" xml:space="preserve">其黃礬自外國來，</s> <s xml:id="N404034" xml:space="preserve">打破，</s> <s xml:id="N404037" xml:space="preserve">中有金絲者，</s> <s xml:id="N40403A" xml:space="preserve">名曰波斯礬，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40403D" xml:space="preserve">別是一種。</s> <s xml:id="N404040" xml:space="preserve">又<name type="place" xml:id="N404040-01">山</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N404043" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404043-01">陝</name>燒取硫黃山上，</s> <s xml:id="N404046" xml:space="preserve">其滓棄地，</s> <s xml:id="N404049" xml:space="preserve">二三年後<lb/>雨水浸淋，</s> <s xml:id="N40404C" xml:space="preserve">精液流入溝麓之中，</s> <s xml:id="N40404F" xml:space="preserve">自然結成皂礬。</s> <s xml:id="N404052" xml:space="preserve">取而貨<lb/>用，</s> <s xml:id="N404055" xml:space="preserve">不假煎煉。</s> <s xml:id="N404058" xml:space="preserve">其中色佳者，</s> <s xml:id="N40405B" xml:space="preserve">入取以混石膽云。</s> <s xml:id="N40405E" xml:space="preserve">石膽一名<lb/>膽礬者，</s> <s xml:id="N404061" xml:space="preserve">亦出晉、</s> <s xml:id="N404064" xml:space="preserve">隰等州，</s> <s xml:id="N404067" xml:space="preserve">乃山石穴中自結成者，</s> <s xml:id="N40406A" xml:space="preserve">故綠色<lb/>帶寶光。</s> <s xml:id="N40406D" xml:space="preserve">燒鐵器淬于膽礬水中，</s> <s xml:id="N404070" xml:space="preserve">即成銅色也。</s> <s xml:id="N404073" xml:space="preserve">《本草》載礬<lb/>雖五種，</s> <s xml:id="N404076" xml:space="preserve">並未分別原委。</s> <s xml:id="N404079" xml:space="preserve">其昆崙礬狀如黑泥，</s> <s xml:id="N40407C" xml:space="preserve">鐵礬狀如<lb/>赤石脂者，</s> <s xml:id="N40407F" xml:space="preserve">皆<name type="place" xml:id="N40407F-01">西域</name>產也。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.144B" n="五九b"/> <figure xml:id="d025427"> <graphic url="X06.01.144B-01"/> <head xml:id="d025432" xml:space="preserve">燒皂礬圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d025435" xml:space="preserve">土墙自<lb/>流黄礬</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.145A" n="六十a"/> </div> <div xml:id="d025444" type="section"> <head xml:id="N404084" xml:space="preserve">硫黃</head> <p xml:id="d025449"> <s xml:id="N404087" xml:space="preserve">凡硫黃，</s> <s xml:id="N40408A" xml:space="preserve">乃燒石承液而結就。</s> <s xml:id="N40408D" xml:space="preserve">著書者誤以焚石爲礬石，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404090" xml:space="preserve">遂有礬液之說。</s> <s xml:id="N404093" xml:space="preserve">然燒取硫黃，</s> <s xml:id="N404096" xml:space="preserve">石半出特生白石，</s> <s xml:id="N404099" xml:space="preserve">半山煤<lb/>礦燒礬石，</s> <s xml:id="N40409C" xml:space="preserve">此礬液之說所由混也。</s> <s xml:id="N40409F" xml:space="preserve">又言<name type="place" xml:id="N40409F-01">中國</name>有溫泉處<lb/>必有硫黃，</s> <s xml:id="N4040A2" xml:space="preserve">今<name type="place" xml:id="N4040A2-01">東海</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4040A5" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4040A5-01">廣南</name>產硫黃處又無溫泉，</s> <s xml:id="N4040A8" xml:space="preserve">此因溫泉<lb/>水氣似硫黃，</s> <s xml:id="N4040AB" xml:space="preserve">故意度言之也。</s> <s xml:id="N4040AE" xml:space="preserve">凡燒硫黃石，</s> <s xml:id="N4040B1" xml:space="preserve">與煤礦石同<lb/>形。</s> <s xml:id="N4040B4" xml:space="preserve">掘取其石，</s> <s xml:id="N4040B7" xml:space="preserve">用煤炭餅包裹叢架，</s> <s xml:id="N4040BA" xml:space="preserve">外築土作爐。</s> <s xml:id="N4040BD" xml:space="preserve">炭與石<lb/>皆載千斤于內，</s> <s xml:id="N4040C0" xml:space="preserve">爐上用燒硫舊渣罨盖，</s> <s xml:id="N4040C3" xml:space="preserve">中頂隆起，</s> <s xml:id="N4040C6" xml:space="preserve">透一<lb/>圓孔其中。</s> <s xml:id="N4040C9" xml:space="preserve">火力到時，</s> <s xml:id="N4040CC" xml:space="preserve">孔內透出黃焰金光。</s> <s xml:id="N4040CF" xml:space="preserve">先教陶家燒 <pb facs="X06.01.145B" n="六十b"/> 一缽孟，</s> <s xml:id="N4040D5" xml:space="preserve">其盂當中隆起，</s> <s xml:id="N4040D8" xml:space="preserve">邊弦卷成魚袋樣，</s> <s xml:id="N4040DB" xml:space="preserve">覆于孔上。</s> <s xml:id="N4040DE" xml:space="preserve">石<lb/>精感受火神，</s> <s xml:id="N4040E1" xml:space="preserve">化出黃光飛走，</s> <s xml:id="N4040E4" xml:space="preserve">遇盂掩住不能上飛，</s> <s xml:id="N4040E7" xml:space="preserve">則化<lb/>成汁液靠著盂底，</s> <s xml:id="N4040EA" xml:space="preserve">其液流入弦袋之中，</s> <s xml:id="N4040ED" xml:space="preserve">其弦又透小眼<lb/>流入冷道灰槽小池，</s> <s xml:id="N4040F0" xml:space="preserve">則凝結面成硫黃矣。</s> <s xml:id="N4040F3" xml:space="preserve">其炭煤礦石<lb/>燒取皂礬者，</s> <s xml:id="N4040F6" xml:space="preserve">當其黃光上走時，</s> <s xml:id="N4040F9" xml:space="preserve">仍用此法掩盖以取硫<lb/>黃。</s> <s xml:id="N4040FC" xml:space="preserve">得硫一斤則減去皂礬三十余斤，</s> <s xml:id="N4040FF" xml:space="preserve">其礬精華已結硫<lb/>黃，</s> <s xml:id="N404102" xml:space="preserve">則枯滓遂爲棄物。</s> <s xml:id="N404105" xml:space="preserve">凡火藥，</s> <s xml:id="N404108" xml:space="preserve">硫爲純陽，</s> <s xml:id="N40410B" xml:space="preserve">硝爲純陰，</s> <s xml:id="N40410E" xml:space="preserve">兩精<lb/>逼合，</s> <s xml:id="N404111" xml:space="preserve">成聲成變，</s> <s xml:id="N404114" xml:space="preserve">此乾刊幻出神物也。</s> <s xml:id="N404117" xml:space="preserve">硫黃不產<name type="place" xml:id="N404117-01">北</name>狄，</s> <s xml:id="N40411A" xml:space="preserve">或<lb/>產而不知煉取亦不可知。</s> <s xml:id="N40411D" xml:space="preserve">至奇炮出于<name type="place" xml:id="N40411D-01">西洋</name>與紅夷，</s> <s xml:id="N404120" xml:space="preserve">則 <pb facs="X06.01.146A" n="六一a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.146A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.146A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.146B" n="六一b"/> 東徂西數萬里，</s> <s xml:id="N404126" xml:space="preserve">皆產硫黃之地也。</s> <s xml:id="N404129" xml:space="preserve">其琉球土硫黃、</s> <s xml:id="N40412C" xml:space="preserve">廣南<lb/>水硫黃，</s> <s xml:id="N40412F" xml:space="preserve">皆誤紀也。</s> </p> <floatingText> <body> <div type="float" xml:id="d025679"> <figure xml:id="d025681" corresp="fig-X06.01.146A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.146A-01"/> <head xml:id="d025686" xml:space="preserve">燒取硫黃圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d025689" xml:space="preserve">捲弦向內</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d025692" xml:space="preserve">注黄</ab> </figure> </div> </body> </floatingText> </div> <div xml:id="d025698" type="section"> <head xml:id="N404132" xml:space="preserve">砒石</head> <p xml:id="d025703"> <s xml:id="N404135" xml:space="preserve">凡燒砒霜，</s> <s xml:id="N404138" xml:space="preserve">質料似土而堅，</s> <s xml:id="N40413B" xml:space="preserve">似石而碎，</s> <s xml:id="N40413E" xml:space="preserve">穴土數尺而取之。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404141" xml:space="preserve">江西信郡、</s> <s xml:id="N404144" xml:space="preserve">河地信陽州皆有砒井，</s> <s xml:id="N404147" xml:space="preserve">故名信石。</s> <s xml:id="N40414A" xml:space="preserve">近則出產<lb/>獨盛衡陽，</s> <s xml:id="N40414D" xml:space="preserve">一廠有造至萬鈞者。</s> <s xml:id="N404150" xml:space="preserve">凡砒石井中，</s> <s xml:id="N404153" xml:space="preserve">其上常有<lb/>濁綠水，</s> <s xml:id="N404156" xml:space="preserve">先絞水盡，</s> <s xml:id="N404159" xml:space="preserve">然後下鑿。</s> <s xml:id="N40415C" xml:space="preserve">砒有紅、</s> <s xml:id="N40415F" xml:space="preserve">白兩種，</s> <s xml:id="N404162" xml:space="preserve">各因所出<lb/>原石色燒成。</s> <s xml:id="N404165" xml:space="preserve">凡燒砒，</s> <s xml:id="N404168" xml:space="preserve">下鞠土窯，</s> <s xml:id="N40416B" xml:space="preserve">納石其上，</s> <s xml:id="N40416E" xml:space="preserve">上砌曲突，</s> <s xml:id="N404171" xml:space="preserve">以<lb/>鐵釜倒懸覆突口。</s> <s xml:id="N404174" xml:space="preserve">其下均炭舉火，</s> <s xml:id="N404177" xml:space="preserve">其烟氣從曲突內熏 <pb facs="X06.01.147A" n="六二a"/> 貼釜上。</s> <s xml:id="N40417D" xml:space="preserve">度其已貼一層厚結寸許，</s> <s xml:id="N404180" xml:space="preserve">下複息火。</s> <s xml:id="N404183" xml:space="preserve">待前烟冷<lb/>定，</s> <s xml:id="N404186" xml:space="preserve">又舉次火，</s> <s xml:id="N404189" xml:space="preserve">熏貼如前。</s> <s xml:id="N40418C" xml:space="preserve">一釜之內數層已滿，</s> <s xml:id="N40418F" xml:space="preserve">然後提下，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404192" xml:space="preserve">毀釜而取砒。</s> <s xml:id="N404195" xml:space="preserve">故今砒底有鐵沙，</s> <s xml:id="N404198" xml:space="preserve">即破釜滓也。</s> <s xml:id="N40419B" xml:space="preserve">凡白砒止<lb/>此一法。</s> <s xml:id="N40419E" xml:space="preserve">紅砒則分金爐內銀銅腦氣有閃成者。</s> <s xml:id="N4041A1" xml:space="preserve">凡燒砒<lb/>時，</s> <s xml:id="N4041A4" xml:space="preserve">立者必于上風十余丈外，</s> <s xml:id="N4041A7" xml:space="preserve">下風所近，</s> <s xml:id="N4041AA" xml:space="preserve">草木皆死。</s> <s xml:id="N4041AD" xml:space="preserve">燒砒<lb/>之人經兩載即改徙，</s> <s xml:id="N4041B0" xml:space="preserve">否則須發盡落。</s> <s xml:id="N4041B3" xml:space="preserve">此物生人食過分<lb/>厘立死。</s> <s xml:id="N4041B6" xml:space="preserve">然每歲千萬金錢速售不滯者，</s> <s xml:id="N4041B9" xml:space="preserve">以<name type="place" xml:id="N4041B9-01">晉地</name>菽麥必<lb/>用拌種，</s> <s xml:id="N4041BC" xml:space="preserve">且驅田中黃鼠害，</s> <s xml:id="N4041BF" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4041BF-01">寧</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4041C2" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4041C2-01">紹郡</name>稻田必用蘸秧根，</s> <s xml:id="N4041C5" xml:space="preserve">則<lb/>豐收也。</s> <s xml:id="N4041C8" xml:space="preserve">不然火藥與染銅需用能幾何哉</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.147B" n="六二b"/> <figure xml:id="d025896"> <graphic url="X06.01.147B-01"/> <head xml:id="d025901" xml:space="preserve">燒砒圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d025904" xml:space="preserve">其下曲突</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.148A" n="六三a"/> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d025912" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N4041CD" xml:space="preserve">膏液第十二卷</head> <p xml:id="N4041D0"> <s xml:id="N4041D2" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N4041D5" xml:space="preserve">天道平分晝夜，</s> <s xml:id="N4041D8" xml:space="preserve">而人工繼晷以襄事，</s> <s xml:id="N4041DB" xml:space="preserve">豈好勞而<lb/>惡逸哉？</s> <s xml:id="N4041DE" xml:space="preserve">使織女燃薪，</s> <s xml:id="N4041E1" xml:space="preserve">書生映雪，</s> <s xml:id="N4041E4" xml:space="preserve">所濟成何事也。</s> <s xml:id="N4041E7" xml:space="preserve">草木之<lb/>實，</s> <s xml:id="N4041EA" xml:space="preserve">其中韞藏膏液，</s> <s xml:id="N4041ED" xml:space="preserve">而不能自流。</s> <s xml:id="N4041F0" xml:space="preserve">假媒水火，</s> <s xml:id="N4041F3" xml:space="preserve">馮藉木石，</s> <s xml:id="N4041F6" xml:space="preserve">而<lb/>後傾注而出焉。</s> <s xml:id="N4041F9" xml:space="preserve">此人巧聰明，</s> <s xml:id="N4041FC" xml:space="preserve">不知于何稟度也。</s> <s xml:id="N4041FF" xml:space="preserve">人間負<lb/>重致遠，</s> <s xml:id="N404202" xml:space="preserve">恃有舟車。</s> <s xml:id="N404205" xml:space="preserve">乃車得一銖而轄轉，</s> <s xml:id="N404208" xml:space="preserve">舟得一石而罅<lb/>完，</s> <s xml:id="N40420B" xml:space="preserve">非此物之爲功也不可行矣。</s> <s xml:id="N40420E" xml:space="preserve">至葅蔬之登釜也，</s> <s xml:id="N404211" xml:space="preserve">莫或<lb/>膏之，</s> <s xml:id="N404214" xml:space="preserve">猶啼兒之失乳焉。</s> <s xml:id="N404217" xml:space="preserve">斯其功用一端而已哉？</s> </p> <div xml:id="d026010" type="section"> <head xml:id="N40421A" xml:space="preserve">油品</head> <pb facs="X06.01.148B" n="六三b"/> <p xml:id="d026017"> <s xml:id="N40421D" xml:space="preserve">凡油供饌食用者，</s> <s xml:id="N404222" xml:space="preserve">胡麻</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026027"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d026032" xml:space="preserve">一名脂麻、</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N404225" xml:space="preserve">萊菔子、</s> <s xml:id="N404228" xml:space="preserve">黃豆、</s> <s xml:id="N40422B" xml:space="preserve">菘菜子</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026053"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d026058" xml:space="preserve">一名白菜</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <lb/> <s xml:id="d026071" xml:space="preserve">爲上，</s> <s xml:id="N40422E" xml:space="preserve">蘇麻</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026080"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d026085" xml:space="preserve">形似紫蘇，</s> <s xml:id="N404231" xml:space="preserve">粒大于胡麻、</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N404234" xml:space="preserve">蕓苔子次之</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026102"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d026107" xml:space="preserve">江南名菜子，</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d026117" xml:space="preserve">茶子</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026122"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N404237" xml:space="preserve">其樹高丈<lb/>余，</s> <s xml:id="N40423A" xml:space="preserve">子如金罌子，</s> <s xml:id="N40423D" xml:space="preserve">去肉取仁</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d026149" xml:space="preserve">次之，</s> <s xml:id="N404240" xml:space="preserve">莧菜子次之，</s> <s xml:id="N404243" xml:space="preserve">大麻仁</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026161"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d026166" xml:space="preserve">粒如胡荽子，</s> <s xml:id="N404246" xml:space="preserve">剝取其皮，</s> <s xml:id="N404249" xml:space="preserve">爲䋖索<lb/>用者</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d026188" xml:space="preserve">爲下。</s> <s xml:id="N40424C" xml:space="preserve">燃燈則樁仁內水油爲上，</s> <s xml:id="N40424F" xml:space="preserve">蕓苔次之，</s> <s xml:id="N404252" xml:space="preserve">亞麻子</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026203"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d026208" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404252-01">陝</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404252-02">西</name><lb/>所種，</s> <s xml:id="N404255" xml:space="preserve">俗名壁虱脂麻，</s> <s xml:id="N404258" xml:space="preserve">氣惡不堪食 </s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d026232" xml:space="preserve">次之，</s> <s xml:id="N40425B" xml:space="preserve">棉花子次之，</s> <s xml:id="N40425E" xml:space="preserve">胡麻次之。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026241"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N404261" xml:space="preserve">燃燈最易竭。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <lb/> <s xml:id="N404264" xml:space="preserve">桐油與樁混油爲下。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026261"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N404267" xml:space="preserve">桐油毒氣熏人，</s> <s xml:id="N40426A" xml:space="preserve">樁迪連皮膜則凍結不清。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40426D" xml:space="preserve">造燭則樁皮<lb/>油爲上，</s> <s xml:id="N404270" xml:space="preserve">蓖麻子次之，</s> <s xml:id="N404273" xml:space="preserve">樁混油每斤人白蠟結凍次之，</s> <s xml:id="N404276" xml:space="preserve">白<lb/>蠟結凍諸清油又次之，</s> <s xml:id="N404279" xml:space="preserve">樟樹子油又次之，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026298"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40427C" xml:space="preserve">其光不減，</s> <s xml:id="N40427F" xml:space="preserve">但有避香氣者。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <lb/> <s xml:id="N404282" xml:space="preserve">冬青子油又次之。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026320"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N404285" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404285-01">韶郡</name>專用，</s> <s xml:id="N404288" xml:space="preserve">嫌其油少，</s> <s xml:id="N40428B" xml:space="preserve">故列次。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40428E" xml:space="preserve">北土廣用牛油，</s> <s xml:id="N404291" xml:space="preserve">則爲 <pb facs="X06.01.149A" n="六四a"/> 下矣。</s> <s xml:id="N404297" xml:space="preserve">凡胡麻與蓖麻子、</s> <s xml:id="N40429A" xml:space="preserve">樟樹子，</s> <s xml:id="N40429D" xml:space="preserve">每石得油四十斤。</s> <s xml:id="N4042A0" xml:space="preserve">萊菔<lb/>子每石得油二十七斤。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026365"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4042A3" xml:space="preserve">甘美異常，</s> <s xml:id="N4042A6" xml:space="preserve">益入五髒。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4042A9" xml:space="preserve">蕓苔子每石得三十<lb/>斤，</s> <s xml:id="N4042AC" xml:space="preserve">其耨勤而地沃、</s> <s xml:id="N4042AF" xml:space="preserve">榨法精到者，</s> <s xml:id="N4042B2" xml:space="preserve">仍得四十斤。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026396"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4042B5" xml:space="preserve">陳歷一年，</s> <s xml:id="N4042B8" xml:space="preserve">則空內而<lb/>無油。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4042BB" xml:space="preserve">茶子每石得油一十五斤。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026420"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d026425" xml:space="preserve">油味似猪脂，</s> <s xml:id="d026428" xml:space="preserve">甚美，</s> <s xml:id="d026431" xml:space="preserve">其枯則止可種火及毐魚用。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d026440" xml:space="preserve">桐<lb/>子仁每石得油三十三斤。</s> <s xml:id="N4042BE" xml:space="preserve">樁子分打時，</s> <s xml:id="N4042C1" xml:space="preserve">皮油得二十斤，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4042C4" xml:space="preserve">水油得十五斤，</s> <s xml:id="N4042C7" xml:space="preserve">混打時共得三十三斤。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026459"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4042CA" xml:space="preserve">此須絕淨者。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4042CD" xml:space="preserve">冬青子<lb/>每石得油十二斤。</s> <s xml:id="N4042D0" xml:space="preserve">黃豆每豆得油九斤。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026481"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4042D3" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4042D3-01">吳下</name>取油食後，</s> <s xml:id="N4042D6" xml:space="preserve">以其餅充豕糧。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <lb/> <s xml:id="N4042D9" xml:space="preserve">菘菜子每石得油三十斤。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026505"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4042DC" xml:space="preserve">油出清如綠水。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4042DF" xml:space="preserve">棉花子每百斤得油<lb/>七斤。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026524"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4042E2" xml:space="preserve">初出甚黑濁，</s> <s xml:id="N4042E5" xml:space="preserve">澄半月清甚。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4042E8" xml:space="preserve">莧菜子每石得油三十斤。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026543"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4042EB" xml:space="preserve">味甚甘美，</s> <s xml:id="N4042EE" xml:space="preserve">嫌性冷滑。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <pb facs="X06.01.149B" n="六四b"/> <s xml:id="N4042F3" xml:space="preserve">亞麻、</s> <s xml:id="N4042F6" xml:space="preserve">大麻仁每只得油二十余斤。</s> <s xml:id="N4042F9" xml:space="preserve">此其大端，</s> <s xml:id="N4042FC" xml:space="preserve">其他未窮<lb/>究試驗，</s> <s xml:id="N4042FF" xml:space="preserve">與夫一方已試而他方未知者，</s> <s xml:id="N404302" xml:space="preserve">尚有待云。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d026584" type="section"> <head xml:id="N404307" xml:space="preserve">法具</head> <p xml:id="N40430A"> <s xml:id="N40430C" xml:space="preserve">凡取油，</s> <s xml:id="N40430F" xml:space="preserve">榨法而外，</s> <s xml:id="N404312" xml:space="preserve">有兩鑊煮取法，</s> <s xml:id="N404315" xml:space="preserve">以治蓖麻與蘇麻。</s> <s xml:id="N404318" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404318-01">北<lb/>京</name>有磨法，</s> <s xml:id="N40431B" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40431B-01">朝鮮</name>有舂法，</s> <s xml:id="N40431E" xml:space="preserve">以治胡麻。</s> <s xml:id="N404321" xml:space="preserve">其余則皆從榨出也。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404324" xml:space="preserve">凡榨木巨者圍必合抱，</s> <s xml:id="N404327" xml:space="preserve">而中空之。</s> <s xml:id="N40432A" xml:space="preserve">其木樟爲上，</s> <s xml:id="N40432D" xml:space="preserve">檀與杞<lb/>次之。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026640"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N404330" xml:space="preserve">杞木爲者，</s> <s xml:id="N404333" xml:space="preserve">防地濕，</s> <s xml:id="N404336" xml:space="preserve">則速朽。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N404339" xml:space="preserve">此三木者脈理循環結長，</s> <s xml:id="N40433C" xml:space="preserve">非有縱直<lb/>文。</s> <s xml:id="N40433F" xml:space="preserve">故竭力揮椎，</s> <s xml:id="N404342" xml:space="preserve">實尖其中，</s> <s xml:id="N404345" xml:space="preserve">而兩頭無璺拆之患，</s> <s xml:id="N404348" xml:space="preserve">他木有<lb/>縱文者不可爲也。</s> <s xml:id="N40434B" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40434B-01">中土</name><name type="place" xml:id="N40434B-02">江北</name>少合抱木者，</s> <s xml:id="N40434E" xml:space="preserve">則取四根合 <pb facs="X06.01.150A" n="六五a"/> 並爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N404354" xml:space="preserve">鐵箍裹定，</s> <s xml:id="N404357" xml:space="preserve">橫拴串合而空其中，</s> <s xml:id="N40435A" xml:space="preserve">以受諸質，</s> <s xml:id="N40435D" xml:space="preserve">則散<lb/>木有完木之用也。</s> <s xml:id="N404360" xml:space="preserve">凡開榨，</s> <s xml:id="N404363" xml:space="preserve">空中其量隨木大小。</s> <s xml:id="N404366" xml:space="preserve">大者受<lb/>一石有余，</s> <s xml:id="N404369" xml:space="preserve">小者受五斗不足。</s> <s xml:id="N40436C" xml:space="preserve">凡開榨，</s> <s xml:id="N40436F" xml:space="preserve">闢中鑿劃平槽一<lb/>條，</s> <s xml:id="N404372" xml:space="preserve">以宛鑿入中，</s> <s xml:id="N404375" xml:space="preserve">削圓上下，</s> <s xml:id="N404378" xml:space="preserve">下沿鑿一小孔，</s> <s xml:id="N40437B" xml:space="preserve">犀一小槽，</s> <s xml:id="N40437E" xml:space="preserve">使油<lb/>出之時流入承藉器中。</s> <s xml:id="N404381" xml:space="preserve">其平槽約長三四尺，</s> <s xml:id="N404384" xml:space="preserve">闊三四寸，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404387" xml:space="preserve">視其身而爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N40438A" xml:space="preserve">無定式也。</s> <s xml:id="N40438D" xml:space="preserve">實槽尖與枋唯檀木、</s> <s xml:id="N404390" xml:space="preserve">柞子木<lb/>兩者宜爲之他木無望焉。</s> <s xml:id="N404393" xml:space="preserve">其尖過斤斧而不過刨，</s> <s xml:id="N404396" xml:space="preserve">盖欲<lb/>其澀，</s> <s xml:id="N404399" xml:space="preserve">不欲其滑，</s> <s xml:id="N40439C" xml:space="preserve">懼報轉也。</s> <s xml:id="N40439F" xml:space="preserve">撞木與受撞之尖，</s> <s xml:id="N4043A2" xml:space="preserve">皆以鐵圈<lb/>裹首，</s> <s xml:id="N4043A5" xml:space="preserve">懼披散也。</s> <s xml:id="N4043A8" xml:space="preserve">榨具已整理，</s> <s xml:id="N4043AB" xml:space="preserve">則取諸麻菜子入釜，</s> <s xml:id="N4043AE" xml:space="preserve">文火 <pb facs="X06.01.150B" n="六五b"/> 慢炒</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026813"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d026818" xml:space="preserve">凡臼、</s> <s xml:id="N4043B4" xml:space="preserve">桐之類屬樹木生者，</s> <s xml:id="N4043B7" xml:space="preserve">皆不炒而碾蒸</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d026836" xml:space="preserve">透出香氣，</s> <s xml:id="N4043BA" xml:space="preserve">然後碾碎受蒸。</s> <s xml:id="N4043BD" xml:space="preserve">凡<lb/>炒諸麻菜子，</s> <s xml:id="N4043C0" xml:space="preserve">宜鑄平底鍋，</s> <s xml:id="N4043C3" xml:space="preserve">深止六寸者，</s> <s xml:id="N4043C6" xml:space="preserve">投子仁于內，</s> <s xml:id="N4043C9" xml:space="preserve">翻<lb/>拌最勤。</s> <s xml:id="N4043CC" xml:space="preserve">若釜底太深，</s> <s xml:id="N4043CF" xml:space="preserve">翻拌疏慢，</s> <s xml:id="N4043D2" xml:space="preserve">則火假交傷，</s> <s xml:id="N4043D5" xml:space="preserve">減喪油質。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4043D8" xml:space="preserve">炒鍋亦斜安灶上，</s> <s xml:id="N4043DB" xml:space="preserve">與蒸鍋大異。</s> <s xml:id="N4043DE" xml:space="preserve">凡碾埋槽土內，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d026885"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4043E1" xml:space="preserve">木爲者以鐵片<lb/>掩之。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4043E4" xml:space="preserve">其上以木竿銜鐵陀，</s> <s xml:id="N4043E7" xml:space="preserve">兩人對舉而椎之。</s> <s xml:id="N4043EA" xml:space="preserve">資本廣者則<lb/>砌石爲牛碾，</s> <s xml:id="N4043ED" xml:space="preserve">一牛之力可敵十人。</s> <s xml:id="N4043F0" xml:space="preserve">亦有不受碾而受磨<lb/>者，</s> <s xml:id="N4043F3" xml:space="preserve">則棉子之類是也。</s> <s xml:id="N4043F6" xml:space="preserve">既碾而篩，</s> <s xml:id="N4043F9" xml:space="preserve">擇粗者再碾，</s> <s xml:id="N4043FC" xml:space="preserve">細者則入<lb/>釜甑受蒸。</s> <s xml:id="N4043FF" xml:space="preserve">蒸氣騰足，</s> <s xml:id="N404402" xml:space="preserve">取出以稻秸與麥秸包裹如餅形。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404405" xml:space="preserve">其餅外圈箍，</s> <s xml:id="N404408" xml:space="preserve">或用鐵打成，</s> <s xml:id="N40440B" xml:space="preserve">或破篾絞刺而成，</s> <s xml:id="N40440E" xml:space="preserve">與榨中則 <pb facs="X06.01.151A" n="六六a"/> 寸相穩合。</s> <s xml:id="N404414" xml:space="preserve">凡油原因氣取，</s> <s xml:id="N404417" xml:space="preserve">有生于無。</s> <s xml:id="N40441A" xml:space="preserve">出甑之時，</s> <s xml:id="N40441D" xml:space="preserve">包裹怠<lb/>緩，</s> <s xml:id="N404420" xml:space="preserve">則水火鬱蒸之氣游走，</s> <s xml:id="N404423" xml:space="preserve">爲些損油。</s> <s xml:id="N404426" xml:space="preserve">能者疾傾、</s> <s xml:id="N404429" xml:space="preserve">疾裹而<lb/>疾箍之，</s> <s xml:id="N40442C" xml:space="preserve">得油之多，</s> <s xml:id="N40442F" xml:space="preserve">訣由于此，</s> <s xml:id="N404432" xml:space="preserve">榨工有自少至老而不知<lb/>者。</s> <s xml:id="N404435" xml:space="preserve">包裹既定，</s> <s xml:id="N404438" xml:space="preserve">裝入榨中，</s> <s xml:id="N40443B" xml:space="preserve">隨其量滿，</s> <s xml:id="N40443E" xml:space="preserve">揮撞擠軋，</s> <s xml:id="N404441" xml:space="preserve">而流泉出<lb/>焉矣。</s> <s xml:id="N404444" xml:space="preserve">包內油出滓存，</s> <s xml:id="N404447" xml:space="preserve">名曰枯餅。</s> <s xml:id="N40444A" xml:space="preserve">凡胡麻、</s> <s xml:id="N40444D" xml:space="preserve">萊菔、</s> <s xml:id="N404450" xml:space="preserve">蕓苔諸餅，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404453" xml:space="preserve">皆重新碾碎，</s> <s xml:id="N404456" xml:space="preserve">篩去秸芒，</s> <s xml:id="N404459" xml:space="preserve">再蒸、</s> <s xml:id="N40445C" xml:space="preserve">再裹而再榨之。</s> <s xml:id="N40445F" xml:space="preserve">初次得油<lb/>二分，</s> <s xml:id="N404462" xml:space="preserve">二次得油一分。</s> <s xml:id="N404465" xml:space="preserve">若桕、</s> <s xml:id="N404468" xml:space="preserve">桐諸物，</s> <s xml:id="N40446B" xml:space="preserve">則一榨已盡流出，</s> <s xml:id="N40446E" xml:space="preserve">不<lb/>必再也。</s> <s xml:id="N404471" xml:space="preserve">若水煮法，</s> <s xml:id="N404474" xml:space="preserve">則並用兩釜。</s> <s xml:id="N404477" xml:space="preserve">將蓖麻、</s> <s xml:id="N40447A" xml:space="preserve">蘇麻子碾碎，</s> <s xml:id="N40447D" xml:space="preserve">入<lb/>一釜中，</s> <s xml:id="N404480" xml:space="preserve">注水滾煎，</s> <s xml:id="N404483" xml:space="preserve">其上浮沫即油。</s> <s xml:id="N404486" xml:space="preserve">以杓掠取，</s> <s xml:id="N404489" xml:space="preserve">傾于幹釜 <pb facs="X06.01.151B" n="六六b"/> 內，</s> <s xml:id="N40448F" xml:space="preserve">其下慢火熬幹水氣，</s> <s xml:id="N404492" xml:space="preserve">油即成矣。</s> <s xml:id="N404495" xml:space="preserve">然得油之數畢竟減<lb/>殺。</s> <s xml:id="N404498" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404498-01">北</name>磨麻油法，</s> <s xml:id="N40449B" xml:space="preserve">以粗麻布袋捩紋，</s> <s xml:id="N40449E" xml:space="preserve">其法再詳。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d027129" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4044A3" xml:space="preserve">皮油</head> <p xml:id="N4044A6"> <s xml:id="N4044A8" xml:space="preserve">凡皮油造燭法起<name type="place" xml:id="N4044A8-01">廣信郡</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N4044AB" xml:space="preserve">其法取潔淨桕子，</s> <s xml:id="N4044AE" xml:space="preserve">囫圇入釜<lb/>甑蒸，</s> <s xml:id="N4044B1" xml:space="preserve">蒸後傾入臼內受舂。</s> <s xml:id="N4044B4" xml:space="preserve">其臼深約尺五寸，</s> <s xml:id="N4044B7" xml:space="preserve">碓以石爲<lb/>身，</s> <s xml:id="N4044BA" xml:space="preserve">不用鐵嘴，</s> <s xml:id="N4044BD" xml:space="preserve">石取深山結而膩者，</s> <s xml:id="N4044C0" xml:space="preserve">輕重斵成限四十斤，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4044C3" xml:space="preserve">上嵌衡木之上而舂之。</s> <s xml:id="N4044C6" xml:space="preserve">其皮膜上油盡脫骨而紛落，</s> <s xml:id="N4044C9" xml:space="preserve">挖<lb/>起，</s> <s xml:id="N4044CC" xml:space="preserve">篩于盤內再蒸，</s> <s xml:id="N4044CF" xml:space="preserve">包裹入榨皆同前法。</s> <s xml:id="N4044D2" xml:space="preserve">皮油已落盡，</s> <s xml:id="N4044D5" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>骨爲黑子。</s> <s xml:id="N4044D8" xml:space="preserve">用冷膩小石磨不惧火煆者，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d027204"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4044DB" xml:space="preserve">此磨亦從售郡深山覓取。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4044DE" xml:space="preserve">以 <pb facs="X06.01.152A" n="六七a"/> 紅火矢圍壅鍛熱，</s> <s xml:id="N4044E4" xml:space="preserve">將黑子逐把灌入疾磨。</s> <s xml:id="N4044E7" xml:space="preserve">磨破之時，</s> <s xml:id="N4044EA" xml:space="preserve">風<lb/>扇去其黑殻，</s> <s xml:id="N4044ED" xml:space="preserve">則其內完全白仁，</s> <s xml:id="N4044F0" xml:space="preserve">與梧桐子無異。</s> <s xml:id="N4044F3" xml:space="preserve">將此碾<lb/>蒸，</s> <s xml:id="N4044F6" xml:space="preserve">包裹入榨，</s> <s xml:id="N4044F9" xml:space="preserve">與前法同。</s> <s xml:id="N4044FC" xml:space="preserve">榨出水油清亮無比，</s> <s xml:id="N4044FF" xml:space="preserve">貯小盞之<lb/>中，</s> <s xml:id="N404502" xml:space="preserve">獨根心草燃至天明，</s> <s xml:id="N404505" xml:space="preserve">盖諸清油所冰及者。</s> <s xml:id="N404508" xml:space="preserve">入食饌即<lb/>不傷人，</s> <s xml:id="N40450B" xml:space="preserve">恐有忌者，</s> <s xml:id="N40450E" xml:space="preserve">寧不用耳。</s> <s xml:id="N404511" xml:space="preserve">其皮油造燭，</s> <s xml:id="N404514" xml:space="preserve">截苦竹筒兩<lb/>破，</s> <s xml:id="N404517" xml:space="preserve">水中煮漲，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d027290"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40451A" xml:space="preserve">不然則粘帶。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40451D" xml:space="preserve">小篾箍勒定，</s> <s xml:id="N404520" xml:space="preserve">用鷹嘴鐵杓換油灌<lb/>入，</s> <s xml:id="N404523" xml:space="preserve">即成一枝。</s> <s xml:id="N404526" xml:space="preserve">插心于內，</s> <s xml:id="N404529" xml:space="preserve">頃刻凍結，</s> <s xml:id="N40452C" xml:space="preserve">捋箍開筒而取之。</s> <s xml:id="N40452F" xml:space="preserve">或<lb/>削棍爲模，</s> <s xml:id="N404532" xml:space="preserve">裁紙一方，</s> <s xml:id="N404535" xml:space="preserve">卷于其上而成紙筒，</s> <s xml:id="N404538" xml:space="preserve">灌入亦成一<lb/>燭。</s> <s xml:id="N40453B" xml:space="preserve">此燭任置風塵中，</s> <s xml:id="N40453E" xml:space="preserve">再經寒署，</s> <s xml:id="N404541" xml:space="preserve">不敝壞也。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.152B" n="六七b"/> <figure xml:id="d027354"> <graphic url="X06.01.152B-01"/> <head xml:id="d027359" xml:space="preserve">南方榨</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.153A" n="六八a"/> <figure xml:id="d027366"> <graphic url="X06.01.153A-01"/> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.153B" n="六八b"/> <figure xml:id="d027374"> <graphic url="X06.01.153B-01"/> <head xml:id="d027379" xml:space="preserve">推桕子黑粒去壳取仁</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d027382" xml:space="preserve">此礬出信<lb/>群深出人<lb/>炭煅燒趁<lb/>熱如風疾<lb/>礬桕中黑<lb/>子取仁粒<lb/>粒圓勻不<lb/>損</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d027400" xml:space="preserve">此下地宜<lb/>緊一粘灰<lb/>麈則油<lb/>減清亮<lb/>或以板<lb/>承更姒</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.154A" n="六九a"/> <figure xml:id="d027416"> <graphic url="X06.01.154A-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d027421" xml:space="preserve">此碓首信<lb/>州山中石<lb/>爲之重額<lb/>四十斤</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.154B" n="六九b"/> <figure xml:id="d027434"> <graphic url="X06.01.154B-01"/> <head xml:id="d027439" xml:space="preserve">欍皮油及諸芸薹胡麻皆同</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d027442" xml:space="preserve">甑</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d027445" xml:space="preserve">此釜平底深不</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.155A" n="七十a"/> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d027453" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N404548" xml:space="preserve">殺青第<choice><sic>十一</sic><corr>十三</corr></choice>卷</head> <p xml:id="N40454B"> <s xml:id="N40454D" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N404550" xml:space="preserve">物象精華，</s> <s xml:id="N404553" xml:space="preserve">乾坤微妙，</s> <s xml:id="N404556" xml:space="preserve">古傳今而華達夷，</s> <s xml:id="N404559" xml:space="preserve">使後起<lb/>含生，</s> <s xml:id="N40455C" xml:space="preserve">目授而心識之，</s> <s xml:id="N40455F" xml:space="preserve">承載者以何物哉？</s> <s xml:id="N404562" xml:space="preserve">君與民通，</s> <s xml:id="N404565" xml:space="preserve">師將<lb/>弟命，</s> <s xml:id="N404568" xml:space="preserve">馮藉呫呫口語，</s> <s xml:id="N40456B" xml:space="preserve">其與幾何？</s> <s xml:id="N40456E" xml:space="preserve">持寸符，</s> <s xml:id="N404571" xml:space="preserve">握半卷，</s> <s xml:id="N404574" xml:space="preserve">終事詮<lb/>旨，</s> <s xml:id="N404577" xml:space="preserve">風行而冰釋焉。</s> <s xml:id="N40457A" xml:space="preserve">覆載之間之藉有楮先生也，</s> <s xml:id="N40457D" xml:space="preserve">聖頑咸<lb/>嘉賴之矣。</s> <s xml:id="N404580" xml:space="preserve">身爲竹骨與木皮，</s> <s xml:id="N404583" xml:space="preserve">殺其青而白乃見，</s> <s xml:id="N404586" xml:space="preserve">萬卷百<lb/>家基從此起。</s> <s xml:id="N404589" xml:space="preserve">其精在此，</s> <s xml:id="N40458C" xml:space="preserve">而其粗效于障風、</s> <s xml:id="N40458F" xml:space="preserve">護物之間。</s> <s xml:id="N404592" xml:space="preserve">事<lb/>已開于上古，</s> <s xml:id="N404595" xml:space="preserve">而使漢、</s> <s xml:id="N404598" xml:space="preserve">晉時人擅名記者，</s> <s xml:id="N40459B" xml:space="preserve">何其陋哉！</s> </p> <div xml:id="d027563" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4045A0" xml:space="preserve">紙料</head> <pb facs="X06.01.155B" n="七十b"/> <p xml:id="N4045A5"> <s xml:id="N4045A7" xml:space="preserve">凡紙質用楮樹</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d027579"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d027584" xml:space="preserve">一名谷樹</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d027595" xml:space="preserve">皮與桑穰、</s> <s xml:id="N4045AA" xml:space="preserve">芙蓉膜等諸物者爲皮<lb/>紙，</s> <s xml:id="N4045AD" xml:space="preserve">用竹麻者爲竹紙。</s> <s xml:id="N4045B0" xml:space="preserve">精者極其潔白，</s> <s xml:id="N4045B3" xml:space="preserve">供書文、</s> <s xml:id="N4045B6" xml:space="preserve">印文、</s> <s xml:id="N4045B9" xml:space="preserve">柬啟<lb/>用；</s> <s xml:id="N4045BC" xml:space="preserve">粗者爲火紙、</s> <s xml:id="N4045BF" xml:space="preserve">包裹紙。</s> <s xml:id="N4045C2" xml:space="preserve">所謂“殺青”，</s> <s xml:id="N4045C5" xml:space="preserve">以斬竹得名；</s> <s xml:id="N4045C8" xml:space="preserve">“汗青”以<lb/>煮瀝得名；</s> <s xml:id="N4045CB" xml:space="preserve">“簡”即已成紙名，</s> <s xml:id="N4045CE" xml:space="preserve">乃煮竹成簡。</s> <s xml:id="N4045D1" xml:space="preserve">後人遂疑削竹<lb/>片以紀事，</s> <s xml:id="N4045D4" xml:space="preserve">而又誤疑韋編爲皮條穿竹札也。</s> <s xml:id="N4045D7" xml:space="preserve">秦火未經<lb/>時，</s> <s xml:id="N4045DA" xml:space="preserve">書籍繁甚，</s> <s xml:id="N4045DD" xml:space="preserve">削竹能藏幾何？</s> <s xml:id="N4045E0" xml:space="preserve">如西番用貝樹造成紙葉，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4045E3" xml:space="preserve">中華又疑以貝葉書經典。</s> <s xml:id="N4045E6" xml:space="preserve">不知樹葉離根即焦，</s> <s xml:id="N4045E9" xml:space="preserve">與削竹<lb/>同一可哂也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d027683" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4045EE" xml:space="preserve">造竹紙</head> <pb facs="X06.01.156A" n="七一a"/> <p xml:id="N4045F3"> <s xml:id="N4045F5" xml:space="preserve">凡造竹紙，</s> <s xml:id="N4045F8" xml:space="preserve">事出<name type="place" xml:id="N4045F8-01">南方</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N4045FB" xml:space="preserve">而<name type="place" xml:id="N4045FB-01">閩省</name>獨專其盛。</s> <s xml:id="N4045FE" xml:space="preserve">當筍生之後，</s> <s xml:id="N404601" xml:space="preserve">看<lb/>視山窩深淺，</s> <s xml:id="N404604" xml:space="preserve">其竹以將生枝葉者爲上料。</s> <s xml:id="N404607" xml:space="preserve">節界芒種，</s> <s xml:id="N40460A" xml:space="preserve">則<lb/>登山砍伐。</s> <s xml:id="N40460D" xml:space="preserve">截斷五七尺長，</s> <s xml:id="N404610" xml:space="preserve">就于本山開塘一口，</s> <s xml:id="N404613" xml:space="preserve">注水其<lb/>中漂浸。</s> <s xml:id="N404616" xml:space="preserve">恐塘水有涸時，</s> <s xml:id="N404619" xml:space="preserve">則用竹見通引，</s> <s xml:id="N40461C" xml:space="preserve">不斷瀑流注入。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40461F" xml:space="preserve">浸至百日之外，</s> <s xml:id="N404622" xml:space="preserve">加功槌洗，</s> <s xml:id="N404625" xml:space="preserve">洗去粗殻與青皮，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d027761"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N404628" xml:space="preserve">是名殺青，</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40462B" xml:space="preserve">其中<lb/>竹穰形同苧麻樣。</s> <s xml:id="N40462E" xml:space="preserve">用上好石灰化汁塗將，</s> <s xml:id="N404631" xml:space="preserve">入楻桶下煮，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404634" xml:space="preserve">火以八日八夜爲率。</s> <s xml:id="N404637" xml:space="preserve">凡煮竹，</s> <s xml:id="N40463A" xml:space="preserve">下鍋用徑四尺者，</s> <s xml:id="N40463D" xml:space="preserve">鍋上泥<lb/>與石灰捏弦，</s> <s xml:id="N404640" xml:space="preserve">高闊如<name type="place" xml:id="N404640-01">廣</name>中煮鹽牢盆樣，</s> <s xml:id="N404643" xml:space="preserve">中可載水十余<lb/>石。</s> <s xml:id="N404646" xml:space="preserve">上盖楻桶，</s> <s xml:id="N404649" xml:space="preserve">其圍丈五尺，</s> <s xml:id="N40464C" xml:space="preserve">其徑四尺余。</s> <s xml:id="N40464F" xml:space="preserve">盖定受煮八日 <pb facs="X06.01.156B" n="七一b"/> 已足。</s> <s xml:id="N404655" xml:space="preserve">歇火一日，</s> <s xml:id="N404658" xml:space="preserve">揭楻取出竹麻，</s> <s xml:id="N40465B" xml:space="preserve">入清水漂塘之內洗淨。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40465E" xml:space="preserve">其塘底面、</s> <s xml:id="N404661" xml:space="preserve">四維皆用木板合縫砌完，</s> <s xml:id="N404664" xml:space="preserve">以防泥污。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d027848"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N404667" xml:space="preserve">造粗紙者不須<lb/>爲此。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40466A" xml:space="preserve">洗淨，</s> <s xml:id="N40466D" xml:space="preserve">用柴灰漿過，</s> <s xml:id="N404670" xml:space="preserve">再入釜中，</s> <s xml:id="N404673" xml:space="preserve">其上按平，</s> <s xml:id="N404676" xml:space="preserve">平鋪稻草灰<lb/>寸許。</s> <s xml:id="N404679" xml:space="preserve">桶內水滾沸，</s> <s xml:id="N40467C" xml:space="preserve">即取出別桶之中，</s> <s xml:id="N40468B" xml:space="preserve">仍以灰汁淋下。</s> <s xml:id="N40468E" xml:space="preserve">倘<lb/>水冷，</s> <s xml:id="N404691" xml:space="preserve">燒滾再淋。</s> <s xml:id="N404694" xml:space="preserve">如是十余日，</s> <s xml:id="N404697" xml:space="preserve">自然臭爛。</s> <s xml:id="N40469A" xml:space="preserve">取出入臼受舂，<lb/></s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d027912"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40469D" xml:space="preserve">山國皆有水碓。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4046A0" xml:space="preserve">舂至形同泥面，</s> <s xml:id="N4046A3" xml:space="preserve">傾入槽內。</s> <s xml:id="N4046A6" xml:space="preserve">凡抄紙槽，</s> <s xml:id="N4046A9" xml:space="preserve">上合方斗，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4046AC" xml:space="preserve">尺寸闊狹，</s> <s xml:id="N4046AF" xml:space="preserve">槽視簾，</s> <s xml:id="N4046B2" xml:space="preserve">簾視紙，</s> <s xml:id="N4046B5" xml:space="preserve">竹麻已成。</s> <s xml:id="N4046B8" xml:space="preserve">槽內清水浸浮其<lb/>面三寸許。</s> <s xml:id="N4046BB" xml:space="preserve">入紙藥水汁于其中，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d027961"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4046BE" xml:space="preserve">形同桃竹葉，</s> <s xml:id="N4046C1" xml:space="preserve">方語無定名。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4046C4" xml:space="preserve">則水幹自<lb/>成潔白。</s> <s xml:id="N4046C7" xml:space="preserve">凡抄紙簾，</s> <s xml:id="N4046CA" xml:space="preserve">用刮磨絕細竹絲編成。</s> <s xml:id="N4046CD" xml:space="preserve">展卷張開時，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.157A" n="七二a"/> <s xml:id="N4046D0" xml:space="preserve">下有縱橫架框。</s> <s xml:id="N4046D5" xml:space="preserve">兩手持簾入水，</s> <s xml:id="N4046D8" xml:space="preserve">蕩起竹麻入于簾內。</s> <s xml:id="N4046DB" xml:space="preserve">厚<lb/>薄由人手法，</s> <s xml:id="N4046DE" xml:space="preserve">輕蕩則薄，</s> <s xml:id="N4046E1" xml:space="preserve">重蕩則厚。</s> <s xml:id="N4046E4" xml:space="preserve">竹料浮簾之頃，</s> <s xml:id="N4046E7" xml:space="preserve">水從<lb/>四際淋下槽內。</s> <s xml:id="N4046EA" xml:space="preserve">然後覆簾，</s> <s xml:id="N4046ED" xml:space="preserve">落紙于板上，</s> <s xml:id="N4046F0" xml:space="preserve">疊積千萬張。</s> <s xml:id="N4046F3" xml:space="preserve">數<lb/>滿則上以板壓。</s> <s xml:id="N4046F6" xml:space="preserve">俏繩入棍，</s> <s xml:id="N4046F9" xml:space="preserve">如榨酒法，</s> <s xml:id="N4046FC" xml:space="preserve">使水氣淨盡流幹。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4046FF" xml:space="preserve">然後以輕細銅鑷逐張揭起焙幹。</s> <s xml:id="N404702" xml:space="preserve">凡焙紙先以土磚砌<lb/>成夾巷，</s> <s xml:id="N404705" xml:space="preserve">下以磚盖巷地面，</s> <s xml:id="N404708" xml:space="preserve">數塊以往，</s> <s xml:id="N40470B" xml:space="preserve">即空一磚。</s> <s xml:id="N40470E" xml:space="preserve">火薪從<lb/>頭穴燒發，</s> <s xml:id="N404711" xml:space="preserve">火氣從磚隙透巷外。</s> <s xml:id="N404714" xml:space="preserve">磚盡熱，</s> <s xml:id="N404717" xml:space="preserve">濕紙逐張貼上<lb/>焙幹，</s> <s xml:id="N40471A" xml:space="preserve">揭起成帙。</s> <s xml:id="N40471D" xml:space="preserve">近世闊幅者名大四連，</s> <s xml:id="N404720" xml:space="preserve">一時書文貴重。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404723" xml:space="preserve">其廢紙洗去朱墨污穢，</s> <s xml:id="N404726" xml:space="preserve">浸爛入槽再造，</s> <s xml:id="N404729" xml:space="preserve">全省從前煮浸 <pb facs="X06.01.157B" n="七二b"/> 之力，</s> <s xml:id="N40472F" xml:space="preserve">依然成紙，</s> <s xml:id="N404732" xml:space="preserve">耗亦不多。</s> <s xml:id="N404735" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404735-01">南方</name>竹賤之國，</s> <s xml:id="N404738" xml:space="preserve">不以爲然，</s> <s xml:id="N40473B" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40473B-01">北<lb/>方</name>即寸條片角在地，</s> <s xml:id="N40473E" xml:space="preserve">隨手拾取再造，</s> <s xml:id="N404741" xml:space="preserve">名曰還魂紙。</s> <s xml:id="N404744" xml:space="preserve">竹與<lb/>皮，</s> <s xml:id="N404747" xml:space="preserve">精與粗，</s> <s xml:id="N40474A" xml:space="preserve">皆同之也。</s> <s xml:id="N40474D" xml:space="preserve">若火紙、</s> <s xml:id="N404750" xml:space="preserve">糙紙，</s> <s xml:id="N404753" xml:space="preserve">斬竹煮麻，</s> <s xml:id="N404756" xml:space="preserve">灰漿水淋，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404759" xml:space="preserve">皆同前法。</s> <s xml:id="N40475C" xml:space="preserve">唯脫簾之後不用烘焙，</s> <s xml:id="N40475F" xml:space="preserve">壓水去濕，</s> <s xml:id="N404762" xml:space="preserve">日曬成幹<lb/>而已。</s> <s xml:id="N404765" xml:space="preserve">盛唐時鬼神事繁，</s> <s xml:id="N404768" xml:space="preserve">以紙錢代焚帛，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d028179"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40476B" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40476B-01">北方</name>用切條，</s> <s xml:id="N40476E" xml:space="preserve">名曰板錢。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N404771" xml:space="preserve">故<lb/>造此者名曰火紙。</s> <s xml:id="N404774" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404774-01">荊</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404774-02">楚</name>近俗，</s> <s xml:id="N404777" xml:space="preserve">有一焚侈至千斤者。</s> <s xml:id="N40477A" xml:space="preserve">此紙<lb/>十七供冥燒，</s> <s xml:id="N40477D" xml:space="preserve">十三供日用。</s> <s xml:id="N404780" xml:space="preserve">其最粗而厚者名曰包裹紙，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404783" xml:space="preserve">則竹麻和宿田晚稻稿所爲也。</s> <s xml:id="N404786" xml:space="preserve">若<name type="place" xml:id="N404786-01">鉛山</name>諸邑所造柬紙，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404789" xml:space="preserve">則全用細竹料厚質蕩成，</s> <s xml:id="N40478C" xml:space="preserve">以射重價。</s> <s xml:id="N40478F" xml:space="preserve">最上者曰官柬，</s> <s xml:id="N404792" xml:space="preserve">富 <pb facs="X06.01.158A" n="七三a"/> 貴之家通刺用之。</s> <s xml:id="N404798" xml:space="preserve">其紙敦厚而無筋膜，</s> <s xml:id="N40479B" xml:space="preserve">染紅爲吉柬，</s> <s xml:id="N40479E" xml:space="preserve">則<lb/>先以白礬水染過，</s> <s xml:id="N4047A1" xml:space="preserve">後上紅花汁云。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d028268" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4047A4" xml:space="preserve">造皮紙</head> <p xml:id="d028273"> <s xml:id="N4047A7" xml:space="preserve">凡楮樹取皮，</s> <s xml:id="N4047AA" xml:space="preserve">于春末夏初剝取。</s> <s xml:id="N4047AD" xml:space="preserve">樹已老者，</s> <s xml:id="N4047B0" xml:space="preserve">應酬奶伐去，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4047B3" xml:space="preserve">以盖之。</s> <s xml:id="N4047B6" xml:space="preserve">來年再長新條，</s> <s xml:id="N4047B9" xml:space="preserve">其皮更美。</s> <s xml:id="N4047BC" xml:space="preserve">凡皮紙，</s> <s xml:id="N4047BF" xml:space="preserve">楮皮六十斤，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4047C2" xml:space="preserve">仍入絕嫩竹麻四十斤，</s> <s xml:id="N4047C5" xml:space="preserve">同塘漂浸，</s> <s xml:id="N4047C8" xml:space="preserve">同用石灰漿塗，</s> <s xml:id="N4047CB" xml:space="preserve">入釜<lb/>煮糜。</s> <s xml:id="N4047CE" xml:space="preserve">近法省嗇者，</s> <s xml:id="N4047D1" xml:space="preserve">皮竹十七而外，</s> <s xml:id="N4047D4" xml:space="preserve">或入宿田稻稿十三，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4047D7" xml:space="preserve">用藥得方，</s> <s xml:id="N4047DA" xml:space="preserve">仍成潔白。</s> <s xml:id="N4047DD" xml:space="preserve">凡皮料堅固紙，</s> <s xml:id="N4047E0" xml:space="preserve">其縱文扯斷如綿<lb/>絲，</s> <s xml:id="N4047E3" xml:space="preserve">故曰綿紙，</s> <s xml:id="N4047E6" xml:space="preserve">衡斷且費力。</s> <s xml:id="N4047E9" xml:space="preserve">其最上一等，</s> <s xml:id="N4047EC" xml:space="preserve">供用大內糊窓 <pb facs="X06.01.158B" n="七三b"/> 格者，</s> <s xml:id="N4047F2" xml:space="preserve">曰欞紗紙。</s> <s xml:id="N4047F5" xml:space="preserve">此紙自<name type="place" xml:id="N4047F5-01">廣信</name>郡造，</s> <s xml:id="N4047F8" xml:space="preserve">長過七尺，</s> <s xml:id="N4047FB" xml:space="preserve">闊過四尺。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4047FE" xml:space="preserve">五色顏料先滴色汁槽內和成，</s> <s xml:id="N404801" xml:space="preserve">不由後染。</s> <s xml:id="N404804" xml:space="preserve">其次曰邊四<lb/>紙，</s> <s xml:id="N404807" xml:space="preserve">邊四中最白者曰紅上紙。</s> <s xml:id="N40480A" xml:space="preserve">皮名而竹與稻稿參和而<lb/>成料者，</s> <s xml:id="N40480D" xml:space="preserve">曰揭貼呈文紙。</s> <s xml:id="N404810" xml:space="preserve">芙蓉等皮造者統曰小皮紙，</s> <s xml:id="N404813" xml:space="preserve">在<lb/><name type="place" xml:id="N404813-01">江西</name>則曰中夾紙。</s> <s xml:id="N404816" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404816-01">河南</name>所造未詳何草木爲質，</s> <s xml:id="N404819" xml:space="preserve">北供<name type="place" xml:id="N404819-01">帝<lb/>京</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N40481C" xml:space="preserve">產亦甚廣。</s> <s xml:id="N40481F" xml:space="preserve">又桑皮造者曰桑穰紙，</s> <s xml:id="N404822" xml:space="preserve">極其敦厚，</s> <s xml:id="N404825" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404825-01">東浙</name>所<lb/>產，</s> <s xml:id="N404828" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404828-01">三吳</name>收蠶種者必用之。</s> <s xml:id="N40482B" xml:space="preserve">凡糊雨傘與油扇，</s> <s xml:id="N40482E" xml:space="preserve">皆用小皮<lb/>紙。</s> <s xml:id="N404831" xml:space="preserve">凡造皮紙長闊者，</s> <s xml:id="N404834" xml:space="preserve">其盛水槽甚寬，</s> <s xml:id="N404837" xml:space="preserve">巨簾非一人手力<lb/>所勝，</s> <s xml:id="N40483A" xml:space="preserve">兩人對舉蕩成。</s> <s xml:id="N40483D" xml:space="preserve">若欞紗，</s> <s xml:id="N404840" xml:space="preserve">則數人方勝其任。</s> <s xml:id="N404843" xml:space="preserve">凡皮紙 <pb facs="X06.01.159A" n="七四a"/> 供用畫幅，</s> <s xml:id="N404849" xml:space="preserve">先用礬水蕩過，</s> <s xml:id="N40484C" xml:space="preserve">則毛茨不起。</s> <s xml:id="N40484F" xml:space="preserve">紙以逼簾者爲<lb/>正面，</s> <s xml:id="N404852" xml:space="preserve">盖料即成泥浮其上者，</s> <s xml:id="N404855" xml:space="preserve">粗意猶存也。</s> <s xml:id="N404858" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404858-01">朝鮮</name>白硾紙，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40485B" xml:space="preserve">不知用何質料，</s> <s xml:id="N40485E" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40485E-01">倭國</name>有造紙不用簾抄者，</s> <s xml:id="N404861" xml:space="preserve">煮料成糜時，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404864" xml:space="preserve">以巨闊青石覆于炕面，</s> <s xml:id="N404867" xml:space="preserve">其下熱火，</s> <s xml:id="N40486A" xml:space="preserve">使石發燒。</s> <s xml:id="N40486D" xml:space="preserve">然後用糊<lb/>刷蘸糜，</s> <s xml:id="N404870" xml:space="preserve">薄刷石面，</s> <s xml:id="N404873" xml:space="preserve">居然頃刻成紙一張，</s> <s xml:id="N404876" xml:space="preserve">一揭而起。</s> <s xml:id="N404879" xml:space="preserve">其朝<lb/>鮮用此法與否，</s> <s xml:id="N40487C" xml:space="preserve">不可得知。</s> <s xml:id="N40487F" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40487F-01">中國</name>有用此法煮亦不可得<lb/>知也。</s> <s xml:id="N404882" xml:space="preserve">永嘉蠲糨紙，</s> <s xml:id="N404885" xml:space="preserve">亦桑穰造。</s> <s xml:id="N404888" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404888-01">四川</name>薛濤箋，</s> <s xml:id="N40488B" xml:space="preserve">亦芙蓉皮爲<lb/>料煮糜，</s> <s xml:id="N40488E" xml:space="preserve">入芙蓉花末汁。</s> <s xml:id="N404891" xml:space="preserve">或當時薛濤所指，</s> <s xml:id="N404894" xml:space="preserve">遂留名至今。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404897" xml:space="preserve">其美在色，</s> <s xml:id="N40489A" xml:space="preserve">不在質料也。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.159B" n="七四b"/> <figure xml:id="d028592"> <graphic url="X06.01.159B-01"/> <head xml:id="d028597" xml:space="preserve">斬竹漂塘</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.160A" n="七五a"/> <figure xml:id="d028604"> <graphic url="X06.01.160A-01"/> <head xml:id="d028609" xml:space="preserve">煮楻足火</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.160B" n="七五b"/> <figure xml:id="d028615"> <graphic url="X06.01.160B-01"/> <head xml:id="d028620" xml:space="preserve">蕩料入廉</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.161A" n="七六a"/> <figure xml:id="d028626"> <graphic url="X06.01.161A-01"/> <head xml:id="d028631" xml:space="preserve">覆簾壓紙</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.161B" n="七六b"/> <figure xml:id="d028638"> <graphic url="X06.01.161B-01"/> <head xml:id="d028643" xml:space="preserve">透火焙乾</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.162A" n="七七a"/> <figure xml:id="d028649"> <graphic url="X06.01.162A-01"/> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.162B" n="七七b"/> <pb facs="X06.01.163A" n="一a"/> </div> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d028662" type="part"> <head xml:id="d028664" xml:space="preserve">天工開物卷之下</head> <div xml:id="d028667" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N40489F" xml:space="preserve">五金第十四卷</head> <p xml:id="d028672"> <s xml:id="N4048A2" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N4048A5" xml:space="preserve">人有十等，</s> <s xml:id="N4048A8" xml:space="preserve">自王公至于輿台，</s> <s xml:id="N4048AB" xml:space="preserve">缺一焉而人紀不<lb/>立矣。</s> <s xml:id="N4048AE" xml:space="preserve">大地生五金以利用天下與後世，</s> <s xml:id="N4048B1" xml:space="preserve">其義亦猶是也。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4048B4" xml:space="preserve">貴者千里一生，</s> <s xml:id="N4048B7" xml:space="preserve">促亦五六百里而生；</s> <s xml:id="N4048BA" xml:space="preserve">賤者舟車稍艱之<lb/>國，</s> <s xml:id="N4048BD" xml:space="preserve">其土必廣生焉。</s> <s xml:id="N4048C0" xml:space="preserve">黃金美者，</s> <s xml:id="N4048C3" xml:space="preserve">其值去黑鐵一萬六千倍，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4048C6" xml:space="preserve">然使釜、</s> <s xml:id="N4048C9" xml:space="preserve">鬵斤斧不呈效于日用之間，</s> <s xml:id="N4048CC" xml:space="preserve">即得黃金，</s> <s xml:id="N4048CF" xml:space="preserve">直高而<lb/>無民耳。</s> <s xml:id="N4048D2" xml:space="preserve">貿遷有無，</s> <s xml:id="N4048D5" xml:space="preserve">貨居《周官》泉府，</s> <s xml:id="N4048D8" xml:space="preserve">萬物司命系焉。</s> <s xml:id="N4048DB" xml:space="preserve">其分<lb/>別美惡而指點重輕，</s> <s xml:id="N4048DE" xml:space="preserve">孰開其先而使相須于不朽焉？</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.163B" n="一b"/> <div xml:id="d028753" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4048E3" xml:space="preserve">黃金</head> <p xml:id="d028758"> <s xml:id="N4048E6" xml:space="preserve">凡黃金爲五金之長，</s> <s xml:id="N4048E9" xml:space="preserve">鎔化成形之後，</s> <s xml:id="N4048EC" xml:space="preserve">住世永無變更。</s> <s xml:id="N4048EF" xml:space="preserve">白<lb/>銀入洪爐雖無折耗，</s> <s xml:id="N4048F2" xml:space="preserve">但火候足時，</s> <s xml:id="N4048F5" xml:space="preserve">鼓鞁而金花閃爍，</s> <s xml:id="N4048F8" xml:space="preserve">一<lb/>現即沒，</s> <s xml:id="N4048FB" xml:space="preserve">再鼓則沉而不現。</s> <s xml:id="N4048FE" xml:space="preserve">惟黃金則竭力鼓鞁，</s> <s xml:id="N404901" xml:space="preserve">一扇一<lb/>花，</s> <s xml:id="N404904" xml:space="preserve">愈烈愈現，</s> <s xml:id="N404907" xml:space="preserve">其質所以貴也。</s> <s xml:id="N40490A" xml:space="preserve">凡<name type="place" xml:id="N40490A-01">中國</name>產金之區，</s> <s xml:id="N40490D" xml:space="preserve">大約百<lb/>余處，</s> <s xml:id="N404910" xml:space="preserve">難以枚舉。</s> <s xml:id="N404913" xml:space="preserve">山石中所出，</s> <s xml:id="N404916" xml:space="preserve">大者名馬蹄金，</s> <s xml:id="N404919" xml:space="preserve">中者名橄<lb/>欖金、</s> <s xml:id="N40491C" xml:space="preserve">帶胯金，</s> <s xml:id="N40491F" xml:space="preserve">小者名瓜子金。</s> <s xml:id="N404922" xml:space="preserve">水沙中所出，</s> <s xml:id="N404925" xml:space="preserve">大者名狗頭<lb/>金，</s> <s xml:id="N404928" xml:space="preserve">小者名麩麥金、</s> <s xml:id="N40492B" xml:space="preserve">糠金。</s> <s xml:id="N40492E" xml:space="preserve">平地掘井得者，</s> <s xml:id="N404931" xml:space="preserve">名面沙金，</s> <s xml:id="N404934" xml:space="preserve">大者<lb/>名豆粒金。</s> <s xml:id="N404937" xml:space="preserve">皆待先淘洗後冶煉而成顆塊。</s> <s xml:id="N40493A" xml:space="preserve">金多出<name type="place" xml:id="N40493A-01">西南</name>，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.164A" n="二a"/> <s xml:id="N40493F" xml:space="preserve">取者穴山至十余丈見伴金石，</s> <s xml:id="N404942" xml:space="preserve">即可見金。</s> <s xml:id="N404945" xml:space="preserve">其石褐色，</s> <s xml:id="N404948" xml:space="preserve">一<lb/>頭如火燒黑狀。</s> <s xml:id="N40494B" xml:space="preserve">水金多者出<name type="place" xml:id="N40494B-01">雲南</name><name type="place" xml:id="N40494B-02">金沙江</name>，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d028897"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40494E" xml:space="preserve">古名麗水，</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N404951" xml:space="preserve">此水源<lb/>出<name type="place" xml:id="N404951-01">吐蕃</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N404954" xml:space="preserve">遶流<name type="place" xml:id="N404954-01">麗江府</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N404957" xml:space="preserve">至于<name type="place" xml:id="N404957-01">北勝州</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N40495A" xml:space="preserve">回環五百余里，</s> <s xml:id="N40495D" xml:space="preserve">出金<lb/>者有數截。</s> <s xml:id="N404960" xml:space="preserve">又<name type="place" xml:id="N404960-01">川北</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404960-02">潼川</name>等州邑與<name type="place" xml:id="N404960-04">湖</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404960-05">廣</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404960-06">沅陵</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N404963" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404963-01">漵浦</name>等，</s> <s xml:id="N404966" xml:space="preserve">皆<lb/>于江沙水中淘沃取金。</s> <s xml:id="N404969" xml:space="preserve">千百中間有獲狗頭金一塊者，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40496C" xml:space="preserve">名曰金母，</s> <s xml:id="N40496F" xml:space="preserve">其余皆麩麥形。</s> <s xml:id="N404972" xml:space="preserve">入冶煎煉，</s> <s xml:id="N404975" xml:space="preserve">初出色淺黃，</s> <s xml:id="N404978" xml:space="preserve">再煉<lb/>而後轉赤也。</s> <s xml:id="N40497B" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40497B-01">儋</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40497E" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40497E-01">崖</name>有金田，</s> <s xml:id="N404981" xml:space="preserve">金雜沙土之中，</s> <s xml:id="N404984" xml:space="preserve">不必深求而<lb/>得，</s> <s xml:id="N404987" xml:space="preserve">取太頻則不複產，</s> <s xml:id="N40498A" xml:space="preserve">經年淘煉，</s> <s xml:id="N40498D" xml:space="preserve">若有則限。</s> <s xml:id="N404990" xml:space="preserve">然<name type="place" xml:id="N404990-01">嶺南夷獠</name><lb/>洞穴中金，</s> <s xml:id="N404993" xml:space="preserve">初出如黑鐵落，</s> <s xml:id="N404996" xml:space="preserve">深穵數丈得之黑焦石下。</s> <s xml:id="N404999" xml:space="preserve">初 <pb facs="X06.01.164B" n="二b"/> 得時咬之柔軟，</s> <s xml:id="N40499F" xml:space="preserve">夫匠有吞竊腹中者亦不傷人。</s> <s xml:id="N4049A2" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4049A2-01">河南</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4049A2-02">蔡</name>、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4049A5" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4049A5-01">鞏</name>等州邑，</s> <s xml:id="N4049A8" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4049A8-01">江</name>西<name type="place" xml:id="N4049A8-02">樂平</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4049AB" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4049AB-01">新建</name>等邑，</s> <s xml:id="N4049AE" xml:space="preserve">皆平地掘深井取細沙<lb/>淘煉成，</s> <s xml:id="N4049B1" xml:space="preserve">但酬答人功所獲亦無幾耳。</s> <s xml:id="N4049B4" xml:space="preserve">大抵赤縣之內隔<lb/>千里而一生。</s> <s xml:id="N4049B7" xml:space="preserve">《嶺表錄》雲居民有從鵝鴨屎中淘出片屑<lb/>者，</s> <s xml:id="d029082" xml:space="preserve">或日得一兩，</s> <s xml:id="N4049BA" xml:space="preserve">或空無所獲。</s> <s xml:id="N4049BD" xml:space="preserve">此恐妄記也。</s> <s xml:id="N4049C0" xml:space="preserve">凡金質至重，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4049C3" xml:space="preserve">每銅方寸重一兩者，</s> <s xml:id="N4049C6" xml:space="preserve">銀照依其則，</s> <s xml:id="N4049C9" xml:space="preserve">寸增重三錢，</s> <s xml:id="N4049CC" xml:space="preserve">銀方寸<lb/>重一兩者，</s> <s xml:id="N4049CF" xml:space="preserve">金照依其則，</s> <s xml:id="N4049D2" xml:space="preserve">寸增重二錢。</s> <s xml:id="N4049D5" xml:space="preserve">凡金性又柔，</s> <s xml:id="N4049D8" xml:space="preserve">可屈<lb/>折如枝柳。</s> <s xml:id="N4049DB" xml:space="preserve">其高下色，</s> <s xml:id="N4049DE" xml:space="preserve">分七青、</s> <s xml:id="N4049E1" xml:space="preserve">八黃、</s> <s xml:id="N4049E4" xml:space="preserve">九紫、</s> <s xml:id="N4049E7" xml:space="preserve">十赤。</s> <s xml:id="N4049EA" xml:space="preserve">登試金石<lb/>上，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d029146"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4049ED" xml:space="preserve">此石<name type="place" xml:id="N4049ED-01">廣信郡</name>河中甚多，</s> <s xml:id="N4049F0" xml:space="preserve">大者如斗，</s> <s xml:id="N4049F3" xml:space="preserve">小者如拳，</s> <s xml:id="N4049F6" xml:space="preserve">入鵝湯中一煮，</s> <s xml:id="N4049F9" xml:space="preserve">光黑如漆。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4049FC" xml:space="preserve">立見分明。</s> <s xml:id="N4049FF" xml:space="preserve">凡足色 <pb facs="X06.01.165A" n="三a"/> 金參和偽售者，</s> <s xml:id="N404A05" xml:space="preserve">唯銀河入，</s> <s xml:id="N404A08" xml:space="preserve">余物無望焉。</s> <s xml:id="N404A0B" xml:space="preserve">欲去銀存金，</s> <s xml:id="N404A0E" xml:space="preserve">則<lb/>將其金打成薄片剪碎，</s> <s xml:id="N404A11" xml:space="preserve">每塊以土泥裹塗，</s> <s xml:id="N404A14" xml:space="preserve">入坩鍋中硼<lb/>砂溶化，</s> <s xml:id="N404A17" xml:space="preserve">其銀即吸入土內，</s> <s xml:id="N404A1A" xml:space="preserve">讓金流出以成足色。</s> <s xml:id="N404A1D" xml:space="preserve">然後入<lb/>鉛少許，</s> <s xml:id="N404A20" xml:space="preserve">另入坩鍋內，</s> <s xml:id="N404A23" xml:space="preserve">勾出土內銀，</s> <s xml:id="N404A26" xml:space="preserve">亦毫厘具在也。</s> <s xml:id="N404A29" xml:space="preserve">凡色<lb/>至于金，</s> <s xml:id="N404A2C" xml:space="preserve">爲人間華美貴重，</s> <s xml:id="N404A2F" xml:space="preserve">故人工成箔而後施之。</s> <s xml:id="N404A32" xml:space="preserve">凡金<lb/>箔每金七分造方寸金一千片，</s> <s xml:id="N404A35" xml:space="preserve">粘鋪物面，</s> <s xml:id="N404A38" xml:space="preserve">可盖縱橫三<lb/>尺。</s> <s xml:id="N404A3B" xml:space="preserve">凡造金箔，</s> <s xml:id="N404A3E" xml:space="preserve">既成薄片後，</s> <s xml:id="N404A41" xml:space="preserve">包入烏金紙內，</s> <s xml:id="N404A44" xml:space="preserve">竭力揮椎打<lb/>成。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d029270"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N404A47" xml:space="preserve">打金椎，</s> <s xml:id="N404A4A" xml:space="preserve">短柄，</s> <s xml:id="N404A4D" xml:space="preserve">約重八斤。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N404A50" xml:space="preserve">凡烏金紙由<name type="place" xml:id="N404A50-01">蘇</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N404A53" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404A53-01">杭</name>造成，</s> <s xml:id="N404A56" xml:space="preserve">其紙用<name type="place" xml:id="N404A56-01">東海</name>巨<lb/>竹膜爲質。</s> <s xml:id="N404A59" xml:space="preserve">用豆油點燈，</s> <s xml:id="N404A5C" xml:space="preserve">閉塞周圍，</s> <s xml:id="N404A5F" xml:space="preserve">止留針孔通氣，</s> <s xml:id="N404A62" xml:space="preserve">熏染 <pb facs="X06.01.165B" n="三b"/> 烟光而成此紙。</s> <s xml:id="N404A68" xml:space="preserve">每紙一張打金箔五十度，</s> <s xml:id="N404A6B" xml:space="preserve">然後棄去，</s> <s xml:id="N404A6E" xml:space="preserve">爲<lb/>藥鋪包朱用，</s> <s xml:id="N404A71" xml:space="preserve">尚未破損，</s> <s xml:id="N404A74" xml:space="preserve">盖人巧造成異物也。</s> <s xml:id="N404A77" xml:space="preserve">凡紙內打<lb/>成箔後，</s> <s xml:id="N404A7A" xml:space="preserve">先用硝熟貓皮繃急爲小方板，</s> <s xml:id="N404A7D" xml:space="preserve">又鋪線香灰撒<lb/>墁皮上，</s> <s xml:id="N404A80" xml:space="preserve">取出烏金紙內箔覆于其上，</s> <s xml:id="N404A83" xml:space="preserve">鈍刀界畫成方寸。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404A86" xml:space="preserve">口中屏息，</s> <s xml:id="N404A89" xml:space="preserve">手執輕仗，</s> <s xml:id="N404A8C" xml:space="preserve">唾濕而挑起，</s> <s xml:id="N404A8F" xml:space="preserve">夾于小紙之中。</s> <s xml:id="N404A92" xml:space="preserve">以之<lb/>華物，</s> <s xml:id="N404A95" xml:space="preserve">先以熟漆布地，</s> <s xml:id="N404A98" xml:space="preserve">然後粘貼。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d029386"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N404A9B" xml:space="preserve">貼字者多用楮樹漿。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N404A9E" xml:space="preserve">秦中造皮金<lb/>者，</s> <s xml:id="N404AA1" xml:space="preserve">硝擴羊皮使最薄，</s> <s xml:id="N404AA4" xml:space="preserve">貼金其上，</s> <s xml:id="N404AA7" xml:space="preserve">以便剪裁服飾用，</s> <s xml:id="N404AAA" xml:space="preserve">皆煌<lb/>煌至色存焉。</s> <s xml:id="N404AAD" xml:space="preserve">凡金箔粘物，</s> <s xml:id="N404AB0" xml:space="preserve">他日敝棄之時，</s> <s xml:id="N404AB3" xml:space="preserve">刮削火化，</s> <s xml:id="N404AB6" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>金仍藏灰內。</s> <s xml:id="N404AB9" xml:space="preserve">滴清油數點，</s> <s xml:id="N404ABC" xml:space="preserve">伴落聚底，</s> <s xml:id="N404ABF" xml:space="preserve">淘洗入爐，</s> <s xml:id="N404AC2" xml:space="preserve">毫厘無 <pb facs="X06.01.166A" n="四a"/> 恙</s> <s xml:id="N404AC8" xml:space="preserve">凡假借金色者，</s> <s xml:id="N404ACB" xml:space="preserve">杭扇以銀箔爲質，</s> <s xml:id="N404ACE" xml:space="preserve">紅花子油刷盖，</s> <s xml:id="N404AD1" xml:space="preserve">向<lb/>火熏成。</s> <s xml:id="N404AD4" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404AD4-01">廣南</name>貨物以蟬蛻殻調水描畫，</s> <s xml:id="N404AD7" xml:space="preserve">向火一微炙而<lb/>就，</s> <s xml:id="N404ADA" xml:space="preserve">非真金色也。</s> <s xml:id="N404ADD" xml:space="preserve">其金成器物呈分淺淡者，</s> <s xml:id="N404AE0" xml:space="preserve">以黃礬塗染，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404AE3" xml:space="preserve">炭火炸炙，</s> <s xml:id="N404AE6" xml:space="preserve">即成赤寶色。</s> <s xml:id="N404AE9" xml:space="preserve">然風塵逐漸淡去，</s> <s xml:id="N404AEC" xml:space="preserve">見火又即還<lb/>原耳。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d029499"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d029504" xml:space="preserve">黃礬詳《燔石》卷。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d029515" type="section"> <head xml:id="N404AEF" xml:space="preserve">銀</head> <p xml:id="d029520"> <s xml:id="N404AF2" xml:space="preserve">凡銀<name type="place" xml:id="N404AF2-01">中國</name>所出，</s> <s xml:id="N404AF5" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404AF5-01">浙江</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N404AF8" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404AF8-01">福建</name>舊有坑場，</s> <s xml:id="N404AFB" xml:space="preserve">國初或採或閉。</s> <s xml:id="N404AFE" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404AFE-01">江<lb/>西</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404AFE-03">饒</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N404B01" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B01-01">信</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N404B04" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B04-01">瑞</name>三郡有坑從未開。</s> <s xml:id="N404B07" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B07-01">湖</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404B07-02">廣</name>則出<name type="place" xml:id="N404B07-03">辰州</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N404B0A" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B0A-01">貴州</name>則出<lb/><name type="place" xml:id="N404B0A-02">銅仁</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N404B0D" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B0D-01">河南</name>則<name type="place" xml:id="N404B0D-02">宜陽</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404B0D-03">趙</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404B0D-04">保山</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N404B10" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B10-01">永寧</name>秋樹坡、</s> <s xml:id="N404B13" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B13-01">盧氏</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404B13-02">高嘴兒</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N404B16" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B16-01">嵩</name> <pb facs="X06.01.166B" n="四b"/> <name type="place" xml:id="N404B16-02">縣</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404B16-03">馬槽山</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N404B1C" xml:space="preserve">與<name type="place" xml:id="N404B1C-01">四川</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404B1C-02">會川</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404B1C-03">密勒山</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N404B1F" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B1F-01">甘肅</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404B1F-02">大黃山</name>等，</s> <s xml:id="N404B22" xml:space="preserve">皆稱美<lb/>礦。</s> <s xml:id="N404B25" xml:space="preserve">其他難以枚舉。</s> <s xml:id="N404B28" xml:space="preserve">然生氣有限，</s> <s xml:id="N404B2B" xml:space="preserve">每逢開採，</s> <s xml:id="N404B2E" xml:space="preserve">數不足則括<lb/>派以賠償。</s> <s xml:id="N404B31" xml:space="preserve">法不嚴則竊爭而釀亂，</s> <s xml:id="N404B34" xml:space="preserve">故禁戒不得不苛。</s> <s xml:id="N404B37" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B37-01">燕</name>、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404B3A" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B3A-01">齊</name>諸道，</s> <s xml:id="N404B3D" xml:space="preserve">則地氣賽而石骨薄，</s> <s xml:id="N404B40" xml:space="preserve">不產金、</s> <s xml:id="N404B43" xml:space="preserve">銀。</s> <s xml:id="N404B46" xml:space="preserve">然合八省所生，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404B49" xml:space="preserve">不敵<name type="place" xml:id="N404B49-01">雲南</name>之半，</s> <s xml:id="N404B4C" xml:space="preserve">故開礦煎銀，</s> <s xml:id="N404B4F" xml:space="preserve">唯滇中可永行也。</s> <s xml:id="N404B52" xml:space="preserve">凡<name type="place" xml:id="N404B52-01">雲南</name><lb/>銀礦，</s> <s xml:id="N404B55" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B55-01">楚雄</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N404B58" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B58-01">永昌</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N404B5B" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B5B-01">大理</name>爲最盛、</s> <s xml:id="N404B5E" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B5E-01">曲靖</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N404B61" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B61-01">姚安</name>次之，</s> <s xml:id="N404B64" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404B64-01">鎮沅</name>又次<lb/>之。</s> <s xml:id="N404B67" xml:space="preserve">凡石山硐中有鉚砂，</s> <s xml:id="N404B6A" xml:space="preserve">其上現磊然小石，</s> <s xml:id="N404B6D" xml:space="preserve">微帶褐色者，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404B70" xml:space="preserve">分丫成徑路。</s> <s xml:id="N404B73" xml:space="preserve">採者穴土十丈或二十丈，</s> <s xml:id="N404B76" xml:space="preserve">工程不可日月<lb/>計。</s> <s xml:id="N404B79" xml:space="preserve">尋見土內銀苗，</s> <s xml:id="N404B7C" xml:space="preserve">然後得礁砂所在。</s> <s xml:id="N404B7F" xml:space="preserve">凡礁砂藏深土，</s> <s xml:id="N404B82" xml:space="preserve">如 <pb facs="X06.01.167A" n="五a"/> 枝分派別，</s> <s xml:id="N404B88" xml:space="preserve">各人隨苗分徑橫挖而尋之。</s> <s xml:id="N404B8B" xml:space="preserve">上楮橫板架頂，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404B8E" xml:space="preserve">以防崩壓。</s> <s xml:id="N404B91" xml:space="preserve">採工篝燈逐徑施钁，</s> <s xml:id="N404B94" xml:space="preserve">得礦爲止。</s> <s xml:id="N404B97" xml:space="preserve">凡土內銀苗，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404B9A" xml:space="preserve">或有黃色碎石，</s> <s xml:id="N404B9D" xml:space="preserve">或土隙石縫有亂絲形狀，</s> <s xml:id="N404BA0" xml:space="preserve">此即去礦不<lb/>遠矣。</s> <s xml:id="N404BA3" xml:space="preserve">凡成銀者日礁，</s> <s xml:id="N404BA6" xml:space="preserve">至碎者曰砂，</s> <s xml:id="N404BAC" xml:space="preserve">其面分丫若枝形者<lb/>曰鉚，</s> <s xml:id="N404BAF" xml:space="preserve">其外包環石塊曰礦。</s> <s xml:id="N404BB2" xml:space="preserve">礦石大者如斗，</s> <s xml:id="N404BB5" xml:space="preserve">小者如拳，</s> <s xml:id="N404BB8" xml:space="preserve">爲<lb/>棄置無用物。</s> <s xml:id="N404BBB" xml:space="preserve">其礁砂形如煤炭，</s> <s xml:id="N404BBE" xml:space="preserve">底襯石而不甚黑，</s> <s xml:id="N404BC1" xml:space="preserve">其高<lb/>下有數等。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d029845"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N404BC4" xml:space="preserve">商民鑿穴得砂，</s> <s xml:id="N404BC7" xml:space="preserve">先呈官府驗辨，</s> <s xml:id="N404BCA" xml:space="preserve">然後定稅。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N404BCD" xml:space="preserve">出土以斗量，</s> <s xml:id="N404BD0" xml:space="preserve">付與冶工，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404BD3" xml:space="preserve">高者六七兩一斗，</s> <s xml:id="N404BD6" xml:space="preserve">中者三四兩，</s> <s xml:id="N404BD9" xml:space="preserve">最下一二兩。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d029882"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N404BDC" xml:space="preserve">其礁砂放光甚者，</s> <s xml:id="N404BDF" xml:space="preserve">精<lb/>華洩漏，</s> <s xml:id="N404BE2" xml:space="preserve">得銀偏少。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N404BE5" xml:space="preserve">凡礁砂入爐，</s> <s xml:id="N404BE8" xml:space="preserve">先行揀掙淘洗。</s> <s xml:id="N404BEB" xml:space="preserve">其爐土築巨墩，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.167B" n="五b"/> <s xml:id="N404BF0" xml:space="preserve">高五尺許，</s> <s xml:id="N404BF3" xml:space="preserve">底鋪瓷屑、</s> <s xml:id="N404BF6" xml:space="preserve">炭灰，</s> <s xml:id="N404BF9" xml:space="preserve">每爐受礁砂二石。</s> <s xml:id="N404BFC" xml:space="preserve">用粟木炭<lb/>二百斤，</s> <s xml:id="N404BFF" xml:space="preserve">周遭叢架。</s> <s xml:id="N404C02" xml:space="preserve">靠爐砌磚牆一朵，</s> <s xml:id="N404C05" xml:space="preserve">高闊皆丈余。</s> <s xml:id="N404C08" xml:space="preserve">風箱<lb/>安置牆背，</s> <s xml:id="N404C0B" xml:space="preserve">合兩三人力，</s> <s xml:id="N404C0E" xml:space="preserve">帶拽透管通風。</s> <s xml:id="N404C11" xml:space="preserve">用牆以抵炎熱，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404C14" xml:space="preserve">鼓鞁之人方克安身。</s> <s xml:id="N404C17" xml:space="preserve">炭盡之時，</s> <s xml:id="N404C1A" xml:space="preserve">以長鐵叉添人。</s> <s xml:id="N404C1D" xml:space="preserve">風火力<lb/>到，</s> <s xml:id="N404C20" xml:space="preserve">礁砂鎔化成團。</s> <s xml:id="N404C23" xml:space="preserve">此時銀隱鉛中，</s> <s xml:id="N404C26" xml:space="preserve">尚未出脫，</s> <s xml:id="N404C29" xml:space="preserve">計礁砂二<lb/>石鎔出團約重百斤。</s> <s xml:id="N404C2C" xml:space="preserve">冷定取出，</s> <s xml:id="N404C2F" xml:space="preserve">另人分金爐一名蝦蟆<lb/>爐內，</s> <s xml:id="N404C32" xml:space="preserve">用松木炭匝圍，</s> <s xml:id="N404C35" xml:space="preserve">透一門以辨火色。</s> <s xml:id="N404C38" xml:space="preserve">其爐或施風箱，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404C3B" xml:space="preserve">或使交箑。</s> <s xml:id="N404C3E" xml:space="preserve">火熱功到，</s> <s xml:id="N404C41" xml:space="preserve">鉛沉下爲底子。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d030018"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N404C44" xml:space="preserve">其底已成陀僧樣，</s> <s xml:id="N404C47" xml:space="preserve">別人爐煉，</s> <s xml:id="N404C4A" xml:space="preserve">又成扁<lb/>擔鉛。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N404C4D" xml:space="preserve">頻以柳枝從門隙入內燃照，</s> <s xml:id="N404C50" xml:space="preserve">鉛氣淨盡，</s> <s xml:id="N404C53" xml:space="preserve">則世寶凝然 <pb facs="X06.01.168A" n="六a"/> 成象矣。</s> <s xml:id="N404C59" xml:space="preserve">此初出銀，</s> <s xml:id="N404C5C" xml:space="preserve">亦名生銀。</s> <s xml:id="N404C5F" xml:space="preserve">傾定無絲紋，</s> <s xml:id="N404C62" xml:space="preserve">即再經一火，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404C65" xml:space="preserve">當中止現一點圓星，</s> <s xml:id="N404C68" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404C68-01">滇</name>人名曰“茶經”。</s> <s xml:id="N404C6B" xml:space="preserve">逮後入銅少許，</s> <s xml:id="N404C6E" xml:space="preserve">重<lb/>以鉛爲鎔化，</s> <s xml:id="N404C71" xml:space="preserve">然後入槽成絲。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d030085"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N404C74" xml:space="preserve">絲必段槽而現，</s> <s xml:id="N404C77" xml:space="preserve">以四圍匡住，</s> <s xml:id="N404C7A" xml:space="preserve">寶氣不橫溢走散。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N404C7D" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>楚雄所出又異，</s> <s xml:id="N404C80" xml:space="preserve">彼硐砂銅氣甚少，</s> <s xml:id="N404C83" xml:space="preserve">向諸郡購鉛佐煉。</s> <s xml:id="N404C86" xml:space="preserve">每<lb/>礁百斤，</s> <s xml:id="N404C89" xml:space="preserve">先坐鉛二百斤于爐內，</s> <s xml:id="N404C8C" xml:space="preserve">然後煽煉成團。</s> <s xml:id="N404C8F" xml:space="preserve">其再入<lb/>蝦蟆爐沉鉛結銀，</s> <s xml:id="N404C92" xml:space="preserve">則同法也。</s> <s xml:id="N404C95" xml:space="preserve">此世寶所生，</s> <s xml:id="N404C98" xml:space="preserve">更無別出。</s> <s xml:id="N404C9B" xml:space="preserve">方<lb/>書、</s> <s xml:id="N404C9E" xml:space="preserve">本草，</s> <s xml:id="N404CA1" xml:space="preserve">無端妄想妄注，</s> <s xml:id="N404CA4" xml:space="preserve">可厭之甚。</s> <s xml:id="N404CA7" xml:space="preserve">大抵坤元精氣，</s> <s xml:id="N404CAA" xml:space="preserve">出金<lb/>之所三百里無銀，</s> <s xml:id="d030165" xml:space="preserve">出銀之所三百里無金，</s> <s xml:id="N404CB0" xml:space="preserve">造物之情亦<lb/>大可見。</s> <s xml:id="N404CB3" xml:space="preserve">其賤役掃刷泥塵，</s> <s xml:id="N404CB6" xml:space="preserve">入水漂淘而煎者，</s> <s xml:id="N404CB9" xml:space="preserve">名曰淘厘 <pb facs="X06.01.168B" n="六b"/> 錙。</s> <s xml:id="N404CBF" xml:space="preserve">一曰功勞輕者所獲三分，</s> <s xml:id="N404CC2" xml:space="preserve">重者倍之。</s> <s xml:id="N404CC5" xml:space="preserve">其銀俱日用剪、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404CC8" xml:space="preserve">斧口中委余，</s> <s xml:id="N404CCB" xml:space="preserve">或鞵底粘帶布于衢市，</s> <s xml:id="N404CCE" xml:space="preserve">或院宇掃屑棄于<lb/>河尚，</s> <s xml:id="N404CD1" xml:space="preserve">其中必有焉，</s> <s xml:id="N404CD4" xml:space="preserve">非淺浮土面能生此物也。</s> <s xml:id="N404CD7" xml:space="preserve">凡銀爲世<lb/>用，</s> <s xml:id="N404CDA" xml:space="preserve">惟紅銅與鉛兩物可雜入成偽。</s> <s xml:id="N404CDD" xml:space="preserve">然當其合瑣碎而成<lb/>鈑錠，</s> <s xml:id="N404CE0" xml:space="preserve">去疵偽而造精純，</s> <s xml:id="N404CE3" xml:space="preserve">高爐火中，</s> <s xml:id="N404CE6" xml:space="preserve">坩鍋足煉。</s> <s xml:id="N404CE9" xml:space="preserve">撒硝少許，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404CEC" xml:space="preserve">而銅、</s> <s xml:id="N404CEF" xml:space="preserve">鉛盡滯鍋底，</s> <s xml:id="N404CF2" xml:space="preserve">名曰銀鏽。</s> <s xml:id="N404CF5" xml:space="preserve">其灰池中敲落者，</s> <s xml:id="N404CF8" xml:space="preserve">名曰炉<lb/>底。</s> <s xml:id="N404CFB" xml:space="preserve">將鏽與底同入分金爐內，</s> <s xml:id="N404CFE" xml:space="preserve">填火土甑之中，</s> <s xml:id="N404D01" xml:space="preserve">其鉛先化，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404D04" xml:space="preserve">就低溢流，</s> <s xml:id="N404D07" xml:space="preserve">而銅與粘帶余銀，</s> <s xml:id="N404D0A" xml:space="preserve">用鐵條逼就分撥，</s> <s xml:id="N404D0D" xml:space="preserve">井然不<lb/>紊。</s> <s xml:id="N404D10" xml:space="preserve">人工、</s> <s xml:id="N404D13" xml:space="preserve">天工亦見一斑。</s> <s xml:id="N404D16" xml:space="preserve">云炉式並具于後。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.169A" n="七a"/> </div> <div xml:id="d030298" type="section"> <head xml:id="N404D1B" 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xml:space="preserve">愚<lb/>者貪或猶不解，</s> <s xml:id="N404D57" xml:space="preserve">並志于此。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d030375" type="section"> <head xml:id="N404D5A" xml:space="preserve">銅</head> <p xml:id="d030380"> <s xml:id="N404D5D" xml:space="preserve">凡銅供世用，</s> <s xml:id="N404D60" xml:space="preserve">出山與出爐只有赤銅。</s> <s xml:id="N404D63" xml:space="preserve">以爐甘石或倭鉛<lb/>參加，</s> <s xml:id="N404D66" xml:space="preserve">轉色爲黃銅；</s> <s xml:id="N404D69" xml:space="preserve">以砒霜等藥制煉爲白銅；</s> <s xml:id="N404D6C" xml:space="preserve">礬、</s> <s xml:id="N404D6F" xml:space="preserve">硝等藥 <pb facs="X06.01.169B" n="七b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.169B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.169B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.170A" n="八a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.170A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.170A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.170B" n="八b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.170B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.170B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.171A" n="九a"/> <ptr 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xml:id="N404DE1" xml:space="preserve">亦曰石髓鉛。</s> <s xml:id="N404DE4" xml:space="preserve">凡銅質有數種。</s> <s xml:id="N404DE7" xml:space="preserve">有全體皆銅，</s> <s xml:id="N404DEA" xml:space="preserve">不夾鉛、</s> <s xml:id="N404DED" xml:space="preserve">銀<lb/>者，</s> <s xml:id="N404DF0" xml:space="preserve">洪爐單煉而成，</s> <s xml:id="N404DF3" xml:space="preserve">有與銅同體者，</s> <s xml:id="N404DF6" xml:space="preserve">其煎煉爐法，</s> <s xml:id="N404DF9" xml:space="preserve">傍通高<lb/>低二孔，</s> <s xml:id="N404DFC" xml:space="preserve">銅質先化從上孔流出，</s> <s xml:id="N404DFF" xml:space="preserve">銅質後化從下孔流出。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404E02" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404E02-01">東夷</name>銅又有托體銀礦內者，</s> <s xml:id="N404E05" xml:space="preserve">入爐煉時，</s> <s xml:id="N404E08" xml:space="preserve">銀結于面，</s> <s xml:id="N404E0B" xml:space="preserve">銅沉<lb/>于下。</s> <s xml:id="N404E0E" xml:space="preserve">商舶漂入<name type="place" xml:id="N404E0E-01">中國</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N404E11" xml:space="preserve">名曰日本銅，</s> <s xml:id="N404E14" xml:space="preserve">其形爲方長板條。</s> <s xml:id="N404E17" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404E17-01">漳<lb/>郡</name>人得之，</s> <s xml:id="N404E1A" xml:space="preserve">有以爐再煉，</s> <s xml:id="N404E1D" xml:space="preserve">取出零銀，</s> <s xml:id="N404E20" xml:space="preserve">然後瀉成薄餅，</s> <s xml:id="N404E23" xml:space="preserve">如<name type="place" xml:id="N404E23-01">川</name><lb/>銅一樣貨賣者。</s> <s xml:id="N404E26" xml:space="preserve">凡紅銅升黃色爲錘鍛用者，</s> <s xml:id="N404E29" xml:space="preserve">用自風煤炭<lb/></s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d030697"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d030702" xml:space="preserve">此煤碎如粉，</s> <s xml:id="N404E2C" xml:space="preserve">泥湖作餅，</s> <s xml:id="N404E2F" xml:space="preserve">不用鼓風，</s> <s xml:id="N404E32" xml:space="preserve">通紅則自盡達夜。</s> <s xml:id="N404E35" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404E35-01">江西</name>則產<name type="place" xml:id="N404E35-02">袁郡</name>及<name type="place" xml:id="N404E35-03">新喻</name>邑</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d030734" xml:space="preserve">百斤，</s> <s xml:id="N404E38" xml:space="preserve">灼于爐內，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.174B" n="十二b"/> <s xml:id="N404E3D" xml:space="preserve">以泥瓦罐載銅十斤，</s> <s xml:id="N404E40" xml:space="preserve">繼入爐甘石六斤坐于爐內，</s> <s xml:id="N404E43" xml:space="preserve">自然<lb/>鎔化。</s> <s xml:id="N404E46" xml:space="preserve">後人因爐甘石烟洪飛損，</s> <s xml:id="N404E49" xml:space="preserve">改用倭鉛。</s> <s xml:id="N404E4C" xml:space="preserve">每紅銅六斤，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404E4F" xml:space="preserve">入倭鉛四斤，</s> <s xml:id="N404E52" xml:space="preserve">先後入罐鎔化，</s> <s xml:id="N404E55" xml:space="preserve">冷定取出，</s> <s xml:id="N404E58" xml:space="preserve">即成黃銅，</s> <s xml:id="N404E5B" xml:space="preserve">唯人<lb/>打造。</s> <s xml:id="N404E5E" xml:space="preserve">凡用銅造響器，</s> <s xml:id="N404E61" xml:space="preserve">用出山廣錫無鉛氣者入內。</s> <s xml:id="N404E64" xml:space="preserve">鉦</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d030794"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d030799" xml:space="preserve">今名<lb/>鑼、</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N404E67" xml:space="preserve">鐲</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d030816"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d030821" xml:space="preserve">今名銅鼓</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d030832" xml:space="preserve">之類，</s> <s xml:id="N404E6A" xml:space="preserve">皆紅銅八斤，</s> <s xml:id="N404E6D" xml:space="preserve">入廣錫二斤。</s> <s xml:id="N404E70" xml:space="preserve">鐃、</s> <s xml:id="N404E73" xml:space="preserve">鈸，</s> <s xml:id="N404E76" xml:space="preserve">銅與錫<lb/>更加精煉。</s> <s xml:id="N404E79" xml:space="preserve">凡鑄器，</s> <s xml:id="N404E7C" xml:space="preserve">低者紅銅、</s> <s xml:id="N404E7F" xml:space="preserve">倭鉛均平分兩，</s> <s xml:id="N404E82" xml:space="preserve">甚至鉛六<lb/>銅四。</s> <s xml:id="N404E85" xml:space="preserve">高者名三火黃銅、</s> <s xml:id="N404E88" xml:space="preserve">四火熟銅，</s> <s xml:id="N404E8B" xml:space="preserve">則銅七而鉛三也。</s> <s xml:id="N404E8E" xml:space="preserve">凡<lb/>造低偽銀者，</s> <s xml:id="N404E91" xml:space="preserve">唯本色紅銅可入。</s> <s xml:id="N404E94" xml:space="preserve">一受倭鉛、</s> <s xml:id="N404E97" xml:space="preserve">砒、</s> <s xml:id="N404E9A" xml:space="preserve">礬等氣，</s> <s xml:id="N404E9D" xml:space="preserve">則<lb/>永不和合。</s> <s xml:id="N404EA0" xml:space="preserve">然銅入銀內，</s> <s xml:id="N404EA3" xml:space="preserve">使白色頓成紅色，</s> <s xml:id="N404EA6" xml:space="preserve">洪爐再鼓，</s> <s xml:id="N404EA9" xml:space="preserve">則 <pb facs="X06.01.175A" n="十三a"/> 清濁浮沉立分，</s> <s xml:id="N404EAF" xml:space="preserve">至于淨盡云。</s> </p> <floatingText> <body> <div type="float" xml:id="d030919"> <figure xml:id="d030921" corresp="fig-X06.01.169B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.169B-01"/> <head xml:id="d030926" xml:space="preserve">開採銀</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d030929" xml:space="preserve">礦</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d030932" xml:space="preserve">礦</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d030935" xml:space="preserve">確</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d030939" xml:space="preserve">苗</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d030943" corresp="fig-X06.01.170A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.170A-01"/> <head xml:id="d030948" xml:space="preserve">礦圖</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d030951" xml:space="preserve">井口缺</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d030954" xml:space="preserve">礦石</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d030957" xml:space="preserve">苗</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d030961" xml:space="preserve">礦</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d030964" xml:space="preserve">礁</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d030968" corresp="fig-X06.01.170B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.170B-01"/> <head xml:id="d030973" xml:space="preserve">鎔礁<lb/>結銀<lb/>與鉛<lb/>圖</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d030983" corresp="fig-X06.01.171A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.171A-01"/> </figure> <figure xml:id="d030989" corresp="fig-X06.01.171B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.171B-01"/> <head xml:id="d030994" xml:space="preserve">沉鉛結</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d030999" corresp="fig-X06.01.172A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.172A-01"/> <head xml:id="d031004" xml:space="preserve">銀圖</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d031008" corresp="fig-X06.01.172B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.172B-01"/> <head xml:id="d031013" xml:space="preserve">分金爐清銹底</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d031017" corresp="fig-X06.01.173A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.173A-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d031022" xml:space="preserve">土<lb/>湯火在中</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d031027" xml:space="preserve">滑泥<lb/>盖靣</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d031032" xml:space="preserve">銅出</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d031035" xml:space="preserve">鉄倏</ab> </figure> </div> </body> </floatingText> </div> <div xml:id="d031041" type="section"> <head xml:id="N404EB2" xml:space="preserve">附：倭鉛</head> <p xml:id="d031046"> <s xml:id="d031048" xml:space="preserve">凡倭鉛古書本無之，</s> <s xml:id="d031051" xml:space="preserve">乃近世所立名色。</s> <s xml:id="d031054" xml:space="preserve">其質用爐甘石<lb/>熬煉而成。</s> <s xml:id="N404EB8" xml:space="preserve">繁產<name type="place" xml:id="N404EB8-01">山西</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404EB8-02">太行山</name>一帶，</s> <s xml:id="N404EBB" xml:space="preserve">而荊、</s> <s xml:id="N404EBE" xml:space="preserve">衡爲次之。</s> <s xml:id="N404EC1" xml:space="preserve">每炉<lb/>甘石十斤，</s> <s xml:id="N404EC4" xml:space="preserve">裝載入一泥罐內，</s> <s xml:id="N404EC7" xml:space="preserve">封裹泥固以漸砑幹，</s> <s xml:id="N404ECA" xml:space="preserve">勿使<lb/>見火拆裂。</s> <s xml:id="N404ECD" xml:space="preserve">然後逐層用煤炭餅墊盛，</s> <s xml:id="N404ED0" xml:space="preserve">其底鋪薪，</s> <s xml:id="N404ED3" xml:space="preserve">發火煆<lb/>紅，</s> <s xml:id="N404ED6" xml:space="preserve">罐中爐甘石鎔化成團，</s> <s xml:id="N404ED9" xml:space="preserve">冷定毀罐取出。</s> <s xml:id="N404EDC" xml:space="preserve">每十耗去其<lb/>二，</s> <s xml:id="N404EDF" xml:space="preserve">即倭鉛也。</s> <s xml:id="N404EE2" xml:space="preserve">此物無銅收伏，</s> <s xml:id="N404EE5" xml:space="preserve">入火即成烟飛去。</s> <s xml:id="N404EE8" xml:space="preserve">以其似<lb/>鉛而性猛，</s> <s xml:id="N404EEB" xml:space="preserve">故名之曰倭云。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.175B" n="十三b"/> <figure xml:id="d031134"> <graphic url="X06.01.175B-01"/> <head xml:id="d031139" xml:space="preserve">化銅</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d031142" xml:space="preserve">淘净<lb/>銅砂</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.176A" n="十四a"/> <figure xml:id="d031151"> <graphic url="X06.01.176A-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d031156" xml:space="preserve">鉛</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d031159" xml:space="preserve">銅</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.176B" n="十四b"/> <figure xml:id="d031165"> <graphic url="X06.01.176B-01"/> <head xml:id="d031170" xml:space="preserve">升煉倭鉛</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.177A" n="十五a"/> <figure xml:id="d031176"> <graphic url="X06.01.177A-01"/> <head xml:id="d031181" xml:space="preserve">穴取銅鉛</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.177B" n="十五b"/> </div> <div xml:id="d031188" type="section"> <head xml:id="N404EF0" xml:space="preserve">鐵</head> <p xml:id="d031193"> <s xml:id="N404EF3" xml:space="preserve">凡鐵場所在有之，</s> <s xml:id="N404EF6" xml:space="preserve">其質淺浮土靣，</s> <s xml:id="N404EF9" xml:space="preserve">不生深穴，</s> <s xml:id="N404EFC" xml:space="preserve">繁生平陽、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404EFF" xml:space="preserve">崗埠</s> <s xml:id="N404F02" xml:space="preserve">不生峻嶺高山。</s> <s xml:id="N404F05" xml:space="preserve">質有土錠、</s> <s xml:id="N404F08" xml:space="preserve">碎砂數種。</s> <s xml:id="N404F0B" xml:space="preserve">凡土錠鐵，</s> <s xml:id="N404F0E" xml:space="preserve">土<lb/>面浮出黑塊，</s> <s xml:id="N404F11" xml:space="preserve">形似枰錘，</s> <s xml:id="N404F14" xml:space="preserve">遙望宛然如鐵，</s> <s xml:id="N404F17" xml:space="preserve">橪之則碎土。</s> <s xml:id="N404F1A" xml:space="preserve">若<lb/>起冶煎煉，</s> <s xml:id="N404F1D" xml:space="preserve">浮者拾之，</s> <s xml:id="N404F20" xml:space="preserve">又乘雨濕之後牛耕起土，</s> <s xml:id="N404F23" xml:space="preserve">拾其數<lb/>寸土內者。</s> <s xml:id="N404F26" xml:space="preserve">耕墾之後，</s> <s xml:id="N404F29" xml:space="preserve">其塊逐日生長，</s> <s xml:id="N404F2C" xml:space="preserve">愈用不究。</s> <s xml:id="N404F2F" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404F2F-01">西北</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404F2F-02">甘<lb/>肅</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N404F32" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404F32-01">東南</name><name type="place" xml:id="N404F32-02">泉郡</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N404F35" xml:space="preserve">皆錠鐵之藪也。</s> <s xml:id="N404F38" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404F38-01">燕京</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N404F3B" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404F3B-01">遵化</name>與<name type="place" xml:id="N404F3B-02">山西平陽</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N404F3E" xml:space="preserve">則<lb/>皆砂鐵之藪也，</s> <s xml:id="N404F41" xml:space="preserve">凡砂鐵一拋土膜即現其形，</s> <s xml:id="N404F44" xml:space="preserve">取來淘洗，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404F47" xml:space="preserve">入爐煎煉，</s> <s xml:id="N404F4A" xml:space="preserve">鎔化之後與錠鐵無二也。</s> <s xml:id="N404F4D" xml:space="preserve">凡鐵分生、</s> <s xml:id="N404F50" xml:space="preserve">熟、</s> <s xml:id="N404F53" xml:space="preserve">出爐 <pb facs="X06.01.178A" n="十六a"/> 未炒則生，</s> <s xml:id="N404F59" xml:space="preserve">既炒則熟。</s> <s xml:id="N404F5C" xml:space="preserve">生熟相和，</s> <s xml:id="N404F5F" xml:space="preserve">煉成則鋼。</s> <s xml:id="N404F62" xml:space="preserve">凡鐵爐用鹽<lb/>做造，</s> <s xml:id="N404F65" xml:space="preserve">和泥砌成。</s> <s xml:id="N404F68" xml:space="preserve">其爐多傍山穴爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N404F6B" xml:space="preserve">或用巨木匡圍，</s> <s xml:id="N404F6E" xml:space="preserve">塑<lb/>造鹽泥，</s> <s xml:id="N404F71" xml:space="preserve">窮月之力不容造次。</s> <s xml:id="N404F74" xml:space="preserve">鹽泥有罅，</s> <s xml:id="N404F77" xml:space="preserve">盡棄全功。</s> <s xml:id="N404F7A" xml:space="preserve">凡鐵<lb/>一爐載土二千余斤，</s> <s xml:id="N404F7D" xml:space="preserve">或用硬木柴，</s> <s xml:id="N404F80" xml:space="preserve">或用煤炭，</s> <s xml:id="N404F83" xml:space="preserve">或用木炭，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404F86" xml:space="preserve">南北各從利便。</s> <s xml:id="N404F89" xml:space="preserve">扇爐風箱必用四人、</s> <s xml:id="N404F8C" xml:space="preserve">六人帶拽。</s> <s xml:id="N404F8F" xml:space="preserve">土化成<lb/>鐵之後，</s> <s xml:id="N404F92" xml:space="preserve">從爐腰孔流出。</s> <s xml:id="N404F95" xml:space="preserve">爐孔先用泥塞。</s> <s xml:id="N404F98" xml:space="preserve">每旦晝六時，</s> <s xml:id="N404F9B" xml:space="preserve">一<lb/>時出鐵一陀。</s> <s xml:id="N404F9E" xml:space="preserve">即出即叉泥塞，</s> <s xml:id="N404FA1" xml:space="preserve">鼓風再鎔。</s> <s xml:id="N404FA4" xml:space="preserve">凡造生鐵爲冶<lb/>鑄用者，</s> <s xml:id="N404FA7" xml:space="preserve">就此流成長條、</s> <s xml:id="N404FAA" xml:space="preserve">圓塊、</s> <s xml:id="N404FAD" xml:space="preserve">範內取用。</s> <s xml:id="N404FB0" xml:space="preserve">若造熟鐵，</s> <s xml:id="N404FB3" xml:space="preserve">則生<lb/>鐵流出時相連數尺內，</s> <s xml:id="N404FB6" xml:space="preserve">低下數寸築一方塘，</s> <s xml:id="N404FB9" xml:space="preserve">短牆抵之。</s> <pb facs="X06.01.178B" n="十六b"/> <s xml:id="N404FBE" xml:space="preserve">其鐵流入塘內，</s> <s xml:id="N404FC1" xml:space="preserve">數人執持柳木棍排立牆上，</s> <s xml:id="N404FC4" xml:space="preserve">先以污潮<lb/>泥曬幹，</s> <s xml:id="N404FC7" xml:space="preserve">春篩細羅如面，</s> <s xml:id="N404FCA" xml:space="preserve">一人疾手撒<g type="V">艶</g>，</s> <s xml:id="N404FCD" xml:space="preserve">眾人柳棍疾攪，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N404FD0" xml:space="preserve">即時炒成熟鐵。</s> <s xml:id="N404FD3" xml:space="preserve">其柳棍每炒一次，</s> <s xml:id="N404FD6" xml:space="preserve">燒折二三寸，</s> <s xml:id="N404FD9" xml:space="preserve">再用則<lb/>又更之。</s> <s xml:id="N404FDC" xml:space="preserve">炒過稍冷之時，</s> <s xml:id="N404FDF" xml:space="preserve">或有就塘內斬劃成方塊者，</s> <s xml:id="N404FE2" xml:space="preserve">或<lb/>有提出揮椎打圓後貨者。</s> <s xml:id="N404FE5" xml:space="preserve">若<name type="place" xml:id="N404FE5-01">瀏陽</name>諸冶，</s> <s xml:id="N404FE8" xml:space="preserve">不知出此也。</s> <s xml:id="N404FEB" xml:space="preserve">凡<lb/>鋼鐵煉法，</s> <s xml:id="N404FEE" xml:space="preserve">用熟鐵打成薄片如指頭闊，</s> <s xml:id="N404FF1" xml:space="preserve">長寸半許，</s> <s xml:id="N404FF4" xml:space="preserve">以鐵<lb/>片束包尖緊，</s> <s xml:id="N404FF7" xml:space="preserve">生鐵安置其上，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d031530"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N404FFA" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N404FFA-01">廣南</name>生鐵名墮子生鋼者妙甚。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N404FFD" xml:space="preserve">又用破草<lb/>履盖其上，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d031552"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N405000" xml:space="preserve">粘帶泥土者，</s> <s xml:id="N405003" xml:space="preserve">故不速化。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N405006" xml:space="preserve">泥塗其底下。</s> <s xml:id="N405009" xml:space="preserve">洪爐鼓鞁，</s> <s xml:id="N40500C" xml:space="preserve">火力到<lb/>時，</s> <s xml:id="N40500F" xml:space="preserve">生鋼先化，</s> <s xml:id="N405012" xml:space="preserve">滲淋熟鐵之中，</s> <s xml:id="N405015" xml:space="preserve">兩情投合，</s> <s xml:id="N405018" xml:space="preserve">取出加錘再煉。<lb/></s> <pb facs="X06.01.179A" n="十七a"/> <s xml:id="N405020" xml:space="preserve">再錘不一而足。</s> <s xml:id="N405023" xml:space="preserve">谷名團鋼，</s> <s xml:id="N405026" xml:space="preserve">亦曰灌鋼者是也。</s> <s xml:id="N405029" xml:space="preserve">其倭夷刀<lb/>劍有百煉精純、</s> <s xml:id="N40502C" xml:space="preserve">置日光簷下則滿室輝曜者，</s> <s xml:id="N40502F" xml:space="preserve">不用生熟<lb/>相和煉，</s> <s xml:id="N405032" xml:space="preserve">又名此鋼爲下乘云。</s> <s xml:id="N405035" xml:space="preserve">夷人又有以地溲淬刀劍<lb/>者，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d031629"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N405038" xml:space="preserve">地溲乃石腦油之類，</s> <s xml:id="N40503B" xml:space="preserve">不產<name type="place" xml:id="N40503B-01">中國</name>。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40503E" xml:space="preserve">云鋼可切玉，</s> <s xml:id="N405041" xml:space="preserve">亦未之見也。</s> <s xml:id="N405044" xml:space="preserve">凡鐵內有<lb/>硬處不可找者名鐵核，</s> <s xml:id="N405047" xml:space="preserve">以香油塗之即散。</s> <s xml:id="N40504A" xml:space="preserve">凡產鐵之陰，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40504D" xml:space="preserve">其陽出慈石，</s> <s xml:id="N405050" xml:space="preserve">第有數處不盡數也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d031676" type="section"> <head xml:id="N405053" xml:space="preserve">錫</head> <p xml:id="d031681"> <s xml:id="N405056" xml:space="preserve">凡錫<name type="place" xml:id="N405056-01">中國</name>偏出<name type="place" xml:id="N405056-02">西南</name>郡邑，</s> <s xml:id="N405059" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405059-01">東北</name>寡生。</s> <s xml:id="N40505C" xml:space="preserve">古書名錫爲“賀”者，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40505F" xml:space="preserve">以<name type="place" xml:id="N40505F-01">臨賀郡</name>產錫最盛而得名也。</s> <s xml:id="N405062" xml:space="preserve">今衣被天下者，</s> <s xml:id="N405065" xml:space="preserve">獨<name type="place" xml:id="N405065-01">廣西</name> <pb facs="X06.01.179B" n="十七b"/> <ptr 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xml:id="N405077-01">楚雄</name>即產<lb/>錫甚盛，</s> <s xml:id="N40507A" xml:space="preserve">道遠難致也。</s> <s xml:id="N40507D" xml:space="preserve">凡錫有山錫、</s> <s xml:id="N405080" xml:space="preserve">水錫兩種，</s> <s xml:id="N405083" xml:space="preserve">山錫中又<lb/>有錫瓜、</s> <s xml:id="N405086" xml:space="preserve">錫砂兩種，</s> <s xml:id="N405089" xml:space="preserve">錫瓜塊大如小瓠，</s> <s xml:id="N40508C" xml:space="preserve">錫砂如豆粒，</s> <s xml:id="N40508F" xml:space="preserve">皆穴<lb/>土不甚深而得之。</s> <s xml:id="N405092" xml:space="preserve">間或土中生脈充牣，</s> <s xml:id="N405095" xml:space="preserve">致山土自頹，</s> <s xml:id="N405098" xml:space="preserve">恣<lb/>人拾取者。</s> <s xml:id="N40509B" xml:space="preserve">水錫<name type="place" xml:id="N40509B-01">衡</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40509E" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40509E-01">永</name>出溪中，</s> <s xml:id="N4050A1" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4050A1-01">廣西</name>則出<name type="place" xml:id="N4050A1-02">南丹州</name>河內，</s> <s xml:id="N4050A4" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>質黑色，</s> <s xml:id="N4050A7" xml:space="preserve">粉碎如重羅面。</s> <s xml:id="N4050AA" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4050AA-01">南丹河</name>出者，</s> <s xml:id="N4050AD" xml:space="preserve">居民旬前從南淘<lb/>至北，</s> <s xml:id="N4050B0" xml:space="preserve">旬後又從北淘至南。</s> <s xml:id="N4050B3" xml:space="preserve">愈經淘取，</s> <s xml:id="N4050B6" xml:space="preserve">其砂日長，</s> <s xml:id="N4050B9" xml:space="preserve">百年不<lb/>竭。</s> <s xml:id="N4050BC" xml:space="preserve">但一日功勞淘取煎煉不過一斤。</s> <s xml:id="N4050BF" xml:space="preserve">會計爐炭資本，</s> <s xml:id="N4050C2" xml:space="preserve">所<lb/>獲不多也。</s> <s xml:id="N4050C5" xml:space="preserve">南丹山錫出山之陰，</s> <s xml:id="N4050C8" xml:space="preserve">其方無水淘洗，</s> <s xml:id="N4050CB" xml:space="preserve">則接連 <pb facs="X06.01.182A" n="二十a"/> 百竹爲見，</s> <s xml:id="N4050D1" xml:space="preserve">從山陽見水淘洗土滓，</s> <s xml:id="N4050D4" xml:space="preserve">然後入炉。</s> <s xml:id="N4050D7" xml:space="preserve">凡煉煎亦<lb/>用洪炉，</s> <s xml:id="N4050DA" xml:space="preserve">入砂數百斤，</s> <s xml:id="N4050DD" xml:space="preserve">叢架木炭亦數百斤，</s> <s xml:id="N4050E0" xml:space="preserve">鼓鞁鎔化。</s> <s xml:id="N4050E3" xml:space="preserve">火<lb/>力已到，</s> <s xml:id="N4050E6" xml:space="preserve">砂不即鎔，</s> <s xml:id="N4050E9" xml:space="preserve">用鉛少許勾引，</s> <s xml:id="N4050EC" xml:space="preserve">方始沛然流注。</s> <s xml:id="N4050EF" xml:space="preserve">或有<lb/>用人家炒錫剩灰勾引者。</s> <s xml:id="N4050F2" xml:space="preserve">其炉底炭末、</s> <s xml:id="N4050F5" xml:space="preserve">瓷灰鋪作平池，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4050F8" xml:space="preserve">傍安鐵管小槽道，</s> <s xml:id="N4050FB" xml:space="preserve">溶時流出炉外低池。</s> <s xml:id="N4050FE" xml:space="preserve">其質初出潔白，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405101" xml:space="preserve">然過剛，</s> <s xml:id="N405104" xml:space="preserve">承錘即拆裂。</s> <s xml:id="N405107" xml:space="preserve">入鉛制柔，</s> <s xml:id="N40510A" xml:space="preserve">方充造器用。</s> <s xml:id="N40510D" xml:space="preserve">售者雜鉛<lb/>太多，</s> <s xml:id="N405110" xml:space="preserve">欲取淨則鎔化，</s> <s xml:id="N405113" xml:space="preserve">入醋淬八九度，</s> <s xml:id="N405116" xml:space="preserve">鉛盡化灰而去。</s> <s xml:id="N405119" xml:space="preserve">出<lb/>錫唯此道。</s> <s xml:id="N40511C" xml:space="preserve">方書云馬齒莧取草錫者，</s> <s xml:id="N40511F" xml:space="preserve">妄言也；</s> <s xml:id="N405122" xml:space="preserve">謂砒爲錫<lb/>苗者，</s> <s xml:id="N405125" xml:space="preserve">亦忘言也。</s> </p> <floatingText> <body> <div type="float" xml:id="d031990"> <figure xml:id="d031992" corresp="fig-X06.01.179B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.179B-01"/> <head xml:id="d031997" xml:space="preserve">墾土捨錠</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d032001" corresp="fig-X06.01.180A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.180A-01"/> <head xml:id="d032006" xml:space="preserve">淘洗鐵砂</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d032010" corresp="fig-X06.01.180B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.180B-01"/> <head xml:id="d032015" xml:space="preserve">生熟煉</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d032018" xml:space="preserve">此管<lb/>流出<lb/>成生<lb/>鐵</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d032027" xml:space="preserve">墮子鋼</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d032031" corresp="fig-X06.01.181A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.181A-01"/> <head xml:id="d032036" xml:space="preserve">鐵炉</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d032039" xml:space="preserve">撒潮泥灰</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d032042" xml:space="preserve">流入<lb/>方塘</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d032047" xml:space="preserve">板生鐵</ab> </figure> </div> </body> </floatingText> <pb facs="X06.01.182B" n="二十b"/> <figure xml:id="d032054"> <graphic url="X06.01.182B-01"/> <head xml:id="d032059" xml:space="preserve">河池山錫</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d032062" xml:space="preserve">梘水</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.183A" n="二十一a"/> <figure xml:id="d032069"> <graphic url="X06.01.183A-01"/> <head xml:id="d032074" xml:space="preserve">南丹水錫</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.183B" n="二十一b"/> <figure xml:id="d032080"> <graphic url="X06.01.183B-01"/> <head xml:id="d032085" xml:space="preserve">煉錫炉</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d032088" xml:space="preserve">點鉛<lb/>勾錫</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d032093" xml:space="preserve">深入鐵盤</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.184A" n="二十二a"/> </div> <div xml:id="d032100" type="section"> <head xml:id="N40512A" xml:space="preserve">鉛</head> <p xml:id="d032105"> <s xml:id="N40512D" xml:space="preserve">凡產鉛山穴，</s> <s xml:id="N405130" xml:space="preserve">繁于銅、</s> <s xml:id="N405133" xml:space="preserve">錫。</s> <s xml:id="N405136" xml:space="preserve">其質有三種，</s> <s xml:id="N405139" xml:space="preserve">一出銀礦中，</s> <s xml:id="N40513C" xml:space="preserve">包孕<lb/>白銀。</s> <s xml:id="N40513F" xml:space="preserve">初煉和銀成團，</s> <s xml:id="N405142" xml:space="preserve">再煉脫銀沉底，</s> <s xml:id="N405145" xml:space="preserve">曰銀礦鉛，</s> <s xml:id="N405148" xml:space="preserve">此鉛<name type="place" xml:id="N405148-01">雲<lb/>南</name>爲盛。</s> <s xml:id="N40514B" xml:space="preserve">一出銅礦中，</s> <s xml:id="N40514E" xml:space="preserve">入烘爐煉化，</s> <s xml:id="N405151" xml:space="preserve">鉛先出，</s> <s xml:id="N405154" xml:space="preserve">鉛後隨，</s> <s xml:id="N405157" xml:space="preserve">曰銅<lb/>山鉛，</s> <s xml:id="d032163" xml:space="preserve">此鉛<name type="place" xml:id="N405157-01">貴州</name>爲盛。</s> <s xml:id="d032169" xml:space="preserve">一出單生鉛穴，</s> <s xml:id="d032173" xml:space="preserve">取者穴山石，</s> <s xml:id="d032176" xml:space="preserve">挾油<lb/>燈尋脉，</s> <s xml:id="d032181" xml:space="preserve">曲折</s> <s xml:id="N40515A" xml:space="preserve">如採銀礦，</s> <s xml:id="N40515D" xml:space="preserve">取出淘洗煎煉，</s> <s xml:id="N405160" xml:space="preserve">名曰草節鉛，</s> <s xml:id="N405163" xml:space="preserve">此<lb/>鉛蜀中<name type="place" xml:id="N405163-01">嘉</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N405166" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405166-01">利</name>等州爲盛。</s> <s xml:id="N405169" xml:space="preserve">其余<name type="place" xml:id="N405169-01">雅州</name>出釣腳鉛，</s> <s xml:id="N40516C" xml:space="preserve">形如皂莢<lb/>子，</s> <s xml:id="N40516F" xml:space="preserve">又如蝌斗子，</s> <s xml:id="N405172" xml:space="preserve">生山澗沙中。</s> <s xml:id="N405175" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405175-01">廣信郡</name>上饒、</s> <s xml:id="N405178" xml:space="preserve">饒郡樂平山<lb/>雜銅銅，</s> <s xml:id="N40517B" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40517B-01">劍州</name>出陰平鉛，</s> <s xml:id="N40517E" xml:space="preserve">難以枚舉。</s> <s xml:id="N405181" xml:space="preserve">凡銀礦中鉛，</s> <s xml:id="N405184" xml:space="preserve">煉鉛成 <pb facs="X06.01.184B" n="二十二b"/> 底，</s> <s xml:id="N40518A" xml:space="preserve">煉底複成鉛。</s> <s xml:id="N40518D" xml:space="preserve">草節鉛單入烘爐煎煉，</s> <s xml:id="N405190" xml:space="preserve">爐傍通管注入<lb/>長條土槽內，</s> <s xml:id="N405193" xml:space="preserve">俗名扁擔鉛，</s> <s xml:id="N405196" xml:space="preserve">亦曰出山鉛，</s> <s xml:id="N405199" xml:space="preserve">所以別于凡銀<lb/>爐內頻經煎煉者。</s> <s xml:id="N40519C" xml:space="preserve">凡鉛物值雖賤，</s> <s xml:id="N40519F" xml:space="preserve">變化殊奇，</s> <s xml:id="N4051A2" xml:space="preserve">白粉、</s> <s xml:id="N4051A5" xml:space="preserve">黃丹，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4051A8" xml:space="preserve">皆其顯像。</s> <s xml:id="N4051AB" xml:space="preserve">操銀底于精純，</s> <s xml:id="N4051AE" xml:space="preserve">勾錫成其柔軟，</s> <s xml:id="N4051B1" xml:space="preserve">皆鉛力也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d032304" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4051B4" xml:space="preserve">附：胡粉</head> <p xml:id="d032309"> <s xml:id="N4051BA" xml:space="preserve">凡造胡粉，</s> <s xml:id="N4051BD" xml:space="preserve">每鉛百斤，</s> <s xml:id="N4051C0" xml:space="preserve">鎔化，</s> <s xml:id="N4051C3" xml:space="preserve">削成薄片，</s> <s xml:id="N4051C6" xml:space="preserve">卷作筒，</s> <s xml:id="N4051C9" xml:space="preserve">安木甑內，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4051CC" xml:space="preserve">甑下甑中各安醋一瓶，</s> <s xml:id="N4051CF" xml:space="preserve">外以鹽泥固濟，</s> <s xml:id="N4051D2" xml:space="preserve">紙糊甑縫。</s> <s xml:id="N4051D5" xml:space="preserve">安火<lb/>四兩，</s> <s xml:id="N4051D8" xml:space="preserve">養之七日。</s> <s xml:id="N4051DB" xml:space="preserve">期足啟開，</s> <s xml:id="N4051DE" xml:space="preserve">鉛片皆生霜粉，</s> <s xml:id="N4051E1" xml:space="preserve">掃入水缸內。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4051E4" xml:space="preserve">未生霜者，</s> <s xml:id="N4051E7" xml:space="preserve">入甑依舊再養七日，</s> <s xml:id="N4051EA" xml:space="preserve">再掃，</s> <s xml:id="N4051ED" xml:space="preserve">以質盡爲度，</s> <s xml:id="N4051F0" xml:space="preserve">其不 <pb facs="X06.01.185A" n="二十三/四a"/> 盡者留作黃丹料。</s> <s xml:id="N4051F6" xml:space="preserve">每掃下霜一斤，</s> <s xml:id="N4051F9" xml:space="preserve">入豆粉二兩、</s> <s xml:id="N4051FC" xml:space="preserve">哈粉四<lb/>兩，</s> <s xml:id="N4051FF" xml:space="preserve">缸內攪勻，</s> <s xml:id="N405202" xml:space="preserve">澄去清水，</s> <s xml:id="N405205" xml:space="preserve">用細灰按成溝，</s> <s xml:id="N405208" xml:space="preserve">紙隔數層，</s> <s xml:id="N40520B" xml:space="preserve">置粉<lb/>于上。</s> <s xml:id="N40520E" xml:space="preserve">將幹，</s> <s xml:id="N405211" xml:space="preserve">截成瓦定形，</s> <s xml:id="N405214" xml:space="preserve">或如磊塊待幹收貨。</s> <s xml:id="N405217" xml:space="preserve">此物古因<lb/><name type="place" xml:id="N405217-01">辰</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40521A" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40521A-01">韶</name>諸郡專造，</s> <s xml:id="N40521D" xml:space="preserve">故曰韶粉</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d032433"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d032438" xml:space="preserve">俗誤朝粉。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N405220" xml:space="preserve">今則各省直饒爲之矣。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405223" xml:space="preserve">其質入丹青，</s> <s xml:id="N405226" xml:space="preserve">則白不減。</s> <s xml:id="N405229" xml:space="preserve">喳婦人頰，</s> <s xml:id="N40522C" xml:space="preserve">能使本色轉青。</s> <s xml:id="N40522F" xml:space="preserve">胡粉<lb/>投入炭爐中，</s> <s xml:id="N405232" xml:space="preserve">仍還鎔化爲鉛，</s> <s xml:id="N405235" xml:space="preserve">所謂色盡歸皂者。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d032478" type="section"> <head xml:id="N405238" xml:space="preserve">附：黃丹</head> <p xml:id="d032483"> <s xml:id="N40523E" xml:space="preserve">凡炒鉛丹，</s> <s xml:id="N405241" xml:space="preserve">用鉛一斤，</s> <s xml:id="N405244" xml:space="preserve">土硫黃十兩，</s> <s xml:id="N405247" xml:space="preserve">硝石一兩。</s> <s xml:id="N40524A" xml:space="preserve">鎔鉛成汁，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40524D" xml:space="preserve">下醋點之。</s> <s xml:id="N405250" xml:space="preserve">滾沸時下硫一塊，</s> <s xml:id="N405253" xml:space="preserve">少頃入硝少許，</s> <s xml:id="N405256" xml:space="preserve">沸定再點 <pb facs="X06.01.185B" n="二十三/四b"/> 醋，</s> <s xml:id="N40525C" xml:space="preserve">依前漸下硝、</s> <s xml:id="N40525F" xml:space="preserve">黃。</s> <s xml:id="N405262" xml:space="preserve">待爲末，</s> <s xml:id="N405265" xml:space="preserve">則成丹矣。</s> <s xml:id="N405268" xml:space="preserve">其胡粉殘剩者，</s> <s xml:id="N40526B" xml:space="preserve">用<lb/>硝石、</s> <s xml:id="N40526E" xml:space="preserve">礬石炒成丹，</s> <s xml:id="N405271" xml:space="preserve">不複用醋也。</s> <s xml:id="N405274" xml:space="preserve">欲丹還鉛，</s> <s xml:id="N405277" xml:space="preserve">用蔥白汁拌<lb/>黃丹慢炒，</s> <s xml:id="N40527A" xml:space="preserve">金汁出時，</s> <s xml:id="N40527D" xml:space="preserve">傾出即還鉛矣。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.186A" n="二五a"/> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d032563" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N405282" xml:space="preserve">佳兵第十五卷</head> <p xml:id="d032568"> <s xml:id="N405285" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N405288" xml:space="preserve">兵非聖人之得已也。</s> <s xml:id="N40528B" xml:space="preserve">虞舜在位五十載，</s> <s xml:id="N40528E" xml:space="preserve">而有苗<lb/>猶弗率。</s> <s xml:id="N405291" xml:space="preserve">明王聖帝，</s> <s xml:id="N405294" xml:space="preserve">誰能去兵哉？</s> <s xml:id="N405297" xml:space="preserve">孤矢之利，</s> <s xml:id="N40529A" xml:space="preserve">以威天下，</s> <s xml:id="N40529D" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>來尚矣。</s> <s xml:id="N4052A0" xml:space="preserve">爲老氏者，</s> <s xml:id="N4052A3" xml:space="preserve">有葛天之思焉。</s> <s xml:id="N4052A6" xml:space="preserve">其詞有曰：</s> <s xml:id="N4052A9" xml:space="preserve">“佳兵者，</s> <s xml:id="N4052AC" xml:space="preserve">不<lb/>祥之器。”</s> <s xml:id="N4052AF" xml:space="preserve">盖言慎也。</s> <s xml:id="N4052B2" xml:space="preserve">火藥機械之竅，</s> <s xml:id="N4052B5" xml:space="preserve">其先鑿自西番與南<lb/>裔，</s> <s xml:id="N4052B8" xml:space="preserve">而後乃及于<name type="place" xml:id="N4052B8-01">中國</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N4052BB" xml:space="preserve">變幻百出，</s> <s xml:id="N4052BE" xml:space="preserve">日盛月新。</s> <s xml:id="N4052C1" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4052C1-01">中國</name>至今日，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4052C4" xml:space="preserve">則即戒者以爲第一義，</s> <s xml:id="N4052C7" xml:space="preserve">豈其然哉？</s> <s xml:id="N4052CA" xml:space="preserve">雖然，</s> <s xml:id="N4052CD" xml:space="preserve">生人縱有巧思，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4052D0" xml:space="preserve">烏能至此極也？</s> </p> <div xml:id="d032668" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4052D3" xml:space="preserve">弧矢</head> <pb facs="X06.01.186B" n="二五b"/> <p xml:id="d032675"> <s xml:id="N4052D6" xml:space="preserve">凡造弓，</s> <s xml:id="N4052DB" xml:space="preserve">以竹與牛角爲正中幹質，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d032683"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4052DE" xml:space="preserve">東北夷無竹，</s> <s xml:id="N4052E1" xml:space="preserve">以柔木爲之。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4052E4" xml:space="preserve">桑枝木<lb/>爲兩梢。</s> <s xml:id="N4052E7" xml:space="preserve">馳則竹爲內體，</s> <s xml:id="N4052EA" xml:space="preserve">角護其外；</s> <s xml:id="N4052ED" xml:space="preserve">張則角向內而竹居<lb/>外。</s> <s xml:id="N4052F0" xml:space="preserve">竹一條而角兩接，</s> <s xml:id="N4052F3" xml:space="preserve">桑綃則其末刻鍥，</s> <s xml:id="N4052F6" xml:space="preserve">以受弦彄。</s> <s xml:id="N4052F9" xml:space="preserve">其本<lb/>則貫插接筍于竹丫，</s> <s xml:id="N4052FC" xml:space="preserve">而光削一而以貼角。</s> <s xml:id="N4052FF" xml:space="preserve">凡造弓，</s> <s xml:id="N405302" xml:space="preserve">先削<lb/>竹一片，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d032742"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N405305" xml:space="preserve">竹宜秋冬伐，</s> <s xml:id="N405308" xml:space="preserve">春夏則朽蛀。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40530B" xml:space="preserve">中腰微亞小，</s> <s xml:id="N40530E" xml:space="preserve">兩頭差大，</s> <s xml:id="N405311" xml:space="preserve">約長二尺<lb/>許。</s> <s xml:id="N405314" xml:space="preserve">一面粘膠靠角，</s> <s xml:id="N405317" xml:space="preserve">一面鋪置牛筋與膠而固之。</s> <s xml:id="N40531A" xml:space="preserve">牛角當<lb/>中牙接，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d032781"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40531D" xml:space="preserve">北邊無修長牛角，</s> <s xml:id="N405320" xml:space="preserve">則以羊角四接而束之。</s> <s xml:id="N405323" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405323-01">廣</name>弓則黃牛明角亦用，</s> <s xml:id="N405326" xml:space="preserve">不獨水牛也。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N405329" xml:space="preserve">固以筋<lb/>膠。</s> <s xml:id="N40532C" xml:space="preserve">膠外固以樺皮，</s> <s xml:id="N40532F" xml:space="preserve">名曰暖靶。</s> <s xml:id="N405332" xml:space="preserve">凡樺木關外產<name type="place" xml:id="N405332-01">遼陽</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N405335" xml:space="preserve">北土<lb/>繁生<name type="place" xml:id="N405335-01">遵化</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N405338" xml:space="preserve">西隆繁生<name type="place" xml:id="N405338-01">臨洮郡</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N40533B" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40533B-01">閩</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40533E" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40533E-01">廣</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N405341" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405341-01">浙</name>亦皆有之。</s> <s xml:id="N405344" xml:space="preserve">其皮護 <pb facs="X06.01.187A" n="二十六a"/> 物，</s> <s xml:id="N40534A" xml:space="preserve">手握如軟綿，</s> <s xml:id="N40534D" xml:space="preserve">故弓靶所必用。</s> <s xml:id="N405350" xml:space="preserve">即刀柄與槍幹亦需用<lb/>之。</s> <s xml:id="N405353" xml:space="preserve">其最薄者，</s> <s xml:id="N405356" xml:space="preserve">則爲刀劍鞘室也。</s> <s xml:id="N405359" xml:space="preserve">凡牛脊梁每只生筋一<lb/>方條，</s> <s xml:id="N40535C" xml:space="preserve">約重三十兩。</s> <s xml:id="N40535F" xml:space="preserve">殺取曬幹，</s> <s xml:id="N405362" xml:space="preserve">複浸水中，</s> <s xml:id="N405365" xml:space="preserve">析破如苧麻絲。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405368" xml:space="preserve">北連無蠶絲，</s> <s xml:id="N40536B" xml:space="preserve">弓統處皆糾合此物爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N40536E" xml:space="preserve">中華則以之鋪<lb/>護弓幹，</s> <s xml:id="N405371" xml:space="preserve">與爲棉花彈弓弦也。</s> <s xml:id="N405374" xml:space="preserve">凡膠乃魚脬雜腸所爲，</s> <s xml:id="N405377" xml:space="preserve">煎<lb/>治多屬<name type="place" xml:id="N405377-01">寧國郡</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N40537A" xml:space="preserve">其<name type="place" xml:id="N40537A-01">東海</name>石首魚，</s> <s xml:id="N40537D" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40537D-01">浙</name>中以造白鯗者，</s> <s xml:id="N405380" xml:space="preserve">取者<lb/>脬爲膠，</s> <s xml:id="N405383" xml:space="preserve">堅固過于金鐵。</s> <s xml:id="N405386" xml:space="preserve">北邊取海魚脬煎成，</s> <s xml:id="N405389" xml:space="preserve">堅固與中<lb/>華無異，</s> <s xml:id="N40538C" xml:space="preserve">種性則別也。</s> <s xml:id="N40538F" xml:space="preserve">天生數物，</s> <s xml:id="N405392" xml:space="preserve">缺一而良弓不成，</s> <s xml:id="N405395" xml:space="preserve">非偶<lb/>然也。</s> <s xml:id="N405398" xml:space="preserve">凡造弓初成坯後，</s> <s xml:id="N40539B" xml:space="preserve">安置室中梁閣上，</s> <s xml:id="N40539E" xml:space="preserve">地面勿離火 <pb facs="X06.01.187B" n="二十六b"/> 意。</s> <s xml:id="N4053A4" xml:space="preserve">促者旬日，</s> <s xml:id="N4053A7" xml:space="preserve">多者兩月，</s> <s xml:id="N4053AA" xml:space="preserve">透幹其津液，</s> <s xml:id="N4053AD" xml:space="preserve">然後取下磨光，</s> <s xml:id="N4053B0" xml:space="preserve">重<lb/>加筋膠與漆，</s> <s xml:id="N4053B3" xml:space="preserve">則其弓良甚。</s> <s xml:id="N4053B6" xml:space="preserve">化弓之家，</s> <s xml:id="N4053B9" xml:space="preserve">不能俟日足者，</s> <s xml:id="N4053BC" xml:space="preserve">則<lb/>他日解釋之患因之。</s> <s xml:id="N4053BF" xml:space="preserve">凡弓弦取食柘葉蠶繭，</s> <s xml:id="N4053C2" xml:space="preserve">其絲更堅<lb/>韌。</s> <s xml:id="N4053C5" xml:space="preserve">每條用絲線二十余根作骨，</s> <s xml:id="N4053C8" xml:space="preserve">然後用線橫纏緊約。</s> <s xml:id="N4053CB" xml:space="preserve">纏<lb/>絲分三停，</s> <s xml:id="N4053CE" xml:space="preserve">隔七寸許則空一二分不纏，</s> <s xml:id="N4053D1" xml:space="preserve">故弦不張弓時，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4053D4" xml:space="preserve">可折疊三曲而收之。</s> <s xml:id="N4053D7" xml:space="preserve">往者北邊弓弦，</s> <s xml:id="N4053DA" xml:space="preserve">盡以牛筋爲質，</s> <s xml:id="N4053DD" xml:space="preserve">故<lb/>夏月雨霧，</s> <s xml:id="N4053E0" xml:space="preserve">防其解脫，</s> <s xml:id="N4053E3" xml:space="preserve">不相侵犯。</s> <s xml:id="N4053E6" xml:space="preserve">今則絲弦亦廣有之。</s> <s xml:id="N4053E9" xml:space="preserve">塗<lb/>弦或用黃蠟，</s> <s xml:id="N4053EC" xml:space="preserve">或不用亦無害也。</s> <s xml:id="N4053EF" xml:space="preserve">凡弓兩弰繫彄處，</s> <s xml:id="N4053F2" xml:space="preserve">或切<lb/>最厚牛皮，</s> <s xml:id="N4053F5" xml:space="preserve">或削柔木如小棋子，</s> <s xml:id="N4053F8" xml:space="preserve">釘粘角端，</s> <s xml:id="N4053FB" xml:space="preserve">名曰墊弦，</s> <s xml:id="N4053FE" xml:space="preserve">義 <pb facs="X06.01.188A" n="二七a"/> 同琴軫。</s> <s xml:id="N405404" xml:space="preserve">放弦歸返時，</s> <s xml:id="N405407" xml:space="preserve">雄力向內，</s> <s xml:id="N40540A" xml:space="preserve">得此而抗止，</s> <s xml:id="N40540D" xml:space="preserve">不然則受<lb/>損也。</s> <s xml:id="N405410" xml:space="preserve">凡造弓，</s> <s xml:id="N405413" xml:space="preserve">視人力強弱爲輕重，</s> <s xml:id="N405416" xml:space="preserve">上力挽一百二十斤，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405419" xml:space="preserve">過此則爲虎力，</s> <s xml:id="N40541C" xml:space="preserve">亦不數出，</s> <s xml:id="N40541F" xml:space="preserve">中力減十之二三，</s> <s xml:id="N405422" xml:space="preserve">下力及其<lb/>半，</s> <s xml:id="N405425" xml:space="preserve">彀滿之時皆能中的，</s> <s xml:id="N405428" xml:space="preserve">但戰陣之上洞胸徹札，</s> <s xml:id="N40542B" xml:space="preserve">功必歸<lb/>于挽強者，</s> <s xml:id="N40542E" xml:space="preserve">而下力倘能穿楊貫虱，</s> <s xml:id="N405431" xml:space="preserve">則以巧勝也。</s> <s xml:id="N405434" xml:space="preserve">凡試弓<lb/>力，</s> <s xml:id="N405437" xml:space="preserve">以足踏弦就地，</s> <s xml:id="N40543A" xml:space="preserve">稱鈎搭挂弓腰弦滿之時，</s> <s xml:id="N40543D" xml:space="preserve">推移稱錘<lb/>所壓，</s> <s xml:id="N405440" xml:space="preserve">則知多少。</s> <s xml:id="N405443" xml:space="preserve">其初造料分兩，</s> <s xml:id="N405446" xml:space="preserve">則上力挽強者，</s> <s xml:id="N405449" xml:space="preserve">角與竹<lb/>片削就時，</s> <s xml:id="N40544C" xml:space="preserve">約重七兩。</s> <s xml:id="N40544F" xml:space="preserve">筋與膠、</s> <s xml:id="N405452" xml:space="preserve">漆與纏約絲繩，</s> <s xml:id="N405455" xml:space="preserve">約重八錢。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405458" xml:space="preserve">此其大略。</s> <s xml:id="N40545B" xml:space="preserve">中力減十之一二，</s> <s xml:id="N40545E" xml:space="preserve">下力減十之二三也。</s> <s xml:id="N405461" xml:space="preserve">凡成 <pb facs="X06.01.188B" n="二七b"/> 弓，</s> <s xml:id="N405467" xml:space="preserve">藏時最嫌霉濕。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d033213"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40546A" xml:space="preserve">霉氣先南後北，</s> <s xml:id="N40546D" xml:space="preserve">嶺南谷雨時，</s> <s xml:id="N405470" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405470-01">江南</name>小滿，</s> <s xml:id="N405473" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405473-01">江北</name>六月，</s> <s xml:id="N405476" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405476-01">燕</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N405479" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405479-01">齊</name>七月。</s> <s xml:id="N40547C" xml:space="preserve">然淮，</s> <s xml:id="N40547F" xml:space="preserve">揚霉氣<lb/>獨盛。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N405482" xml:space="preserve">將士家或置烘廚、</s> <s xml:id="N405485" xml:space="preserve">烘箱，</s> <s xml:id="N405488" xml:space="preserve">日以炭火置其下。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d033270"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40548B" xml:space="preserve">春秋霧雨皆然，</s> <s xml:id="N40548E" xml:space="preserve">不但<lb/>霉氣。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N405491" xml:space="preserve">小卒無烘廚，</s> <s xml:id="N405494" xml:space="preserve">則安頓灶突之上。</s> <s xml:id="N405497" xml:space="preserve">稍怠不勤，</s> <s xml:id="N40549A" xml:space="preserve">立受朽解<lb/>之患也。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d033306"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40549D" xml:space="preserve">近歲命南方諸省造弓解北，</s> <s xml:id="N4054A0" xml:space="preserve">紛紛駁回，</s> <s xml:id="N4054A3" xml:space="preserve">不知離火即壞之故，</s> <s xml:id="N4054A6" xml:space="preserve">亦無人陳說本章者。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4054A9" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/>凡箭笱，</s> <s xml:id="N4054AC" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4054AC-01">中國南方</name>竹質，</s> <s xml:id="N4054AF" xml:space="preserve">北方萑柳質，</s> <s xml:id="N4054B2" xml:space="preserve">北邊樺質隨方不<lb/>一。</s> <s xml:id="N4054B5" xml:space="preserve">稈長二尺，</s> <s xml:id="N4054B8" xml:space="preserve">鏃長一寸，</s> <s xml:id="N4054BB" xml:space="preserve">其大端也。</s> <s xml:id="N4054BE" xml:space="preserve">凡竹箭削竹四條或<lb/>三條，</s> <s xml:id="N4054C1" xml:space="preserve">以膠粘合，</s> <s xml:id="N4054C4" xml:space="preserve">過刀光削而圓成之。</s> <s xml:id="N4054C7" xml:space="preserve">漆絲纏約兩頭，</s> <s xml:id="N4054CA" xml:space="preserve">名<lb/>曰“三不齊”箭桿。</s> <s xml:id="N4054CD" xml:space="preserve">浙與廣南有生成箭竹，</s> <s xml:id="N4054D0" xml:space="preserve">不破合者。</s> <s xml:id="N4054D3" xml:space="preserve">柳與<lb/>樺桿，</s> <s xml:id="N4054D6" xml:space="preserve">則取彼圓直枝條而爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N4054D9" xml:space="preserve">微費刮削而成也。</s> <s xml:id="N4054DC" xml:space="preserve">凡竹 <pb facs="X06.01.189A" n="二八a"/> 箭其體自直，</s> <s xml:id="N4054E2" xml:space="preserve">不用矯揉。</s> <s xml:id="N4054E5" xml:space="preserve">木桿則燥時必曲，</s> <s xml:id="N4054E8" xml:space="preserve">削造時以數<lb/>寸之木，</s> <s xml:id="N4054EB" xml:space="preserve">刻槽一條，</s> <s xml:id="N4054EE" xml:space="preserve">名曰箭端。</s> <s xml:id="N4054F1" xml:space="preserve">將木桿逐寸戛拖而過，</s> <s xml:id="N4054F4" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>身乃直。</s> <s xml:id="N4054F7" xml:space="preserve">即首尾輕重，</s> <s xml:id="N4054FA" xml:space="preserve">亦由過端而均停也。</s> <s xml:id="N4054FD" xml:space="preserve">凡箭，</s> <s xml:id="N405500" xml:space="preserve">其本刻<lb/>銜口以駕弦，</s> <s xml:id="N405503" xml:space="preserve">其末受鏃。</s> <s xml:id="N405506" xml:space="preserve">凡鏃冶鐵爲之。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d033448"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N405509" xml:space="preserve">《禹貢》砮石乃方物，</s> <s xml:id="N40550C" xml:space="preserve">不適用。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40550F" xml:space="preserve">北<lb/>邊制如桃葉槍尖，</s> <s xml:id="N405512" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405512-01">廣南</name>黎人矢鏃如平面鐵鏟，</s> <s xml:id="N405515" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405515-01">中國</name>則<lb/>三棱錐象也。</s> <s xml:id="N405518" xml:space="preserve">響箭則以寸木空中錐眼爲竅，</s> <s xml:id="N40551B" xml:space="preserve">矢過招風<lb/>而飛鳴，</s> <s xml:id="N40551E" xml:space="preserve">即《莊子》所謂嚆矢也。</s> <s xml:id="N405521" xml:space="preserve">凡箭行端斜與疾慢，</s> <s xml:id="N405524" xml:space="preserve">竅玅<lb/>皆系本端翎羽之上。</s> <s xml:id="N405527" xml:space="preserve">箭本近銜處剪翎直貼三條，</s> <s xml:id="N40552A" xml:space="preserve">其長<lb/>三寸，</s> <s xml:id="N40552D" xml:space="preserve">鼎足安頓，</s> <s xml:id="N405530" xml:space="preserve">粘以膠，</s> <s xml:id="N405533" xml:space="preserve">名曰箭羽。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d033521"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N405536" xml:space="preserve">此膠亦忌霉濕，</s> <s xml:id="N405539" xml:space="preserve">故將卒勤者，</s> <s xml:id="N40553C" xml:space="preserve">箭亦時以火 <pb facs="X06.01.189B" n="二八b"/> 烘。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N405542" xml:space="preserve">羽以雕膀爲上，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d033546"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N405545" xml:space="preserve">雕似鷹而大，</s> <s xml:id="N405548" xml:space="preserve">尾長翅短。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40554B" xml:space="preserve">角鷹次之，</s> <s xml:id="N40554E" xml:space="preserve">鴟鷂又次之。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405551" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405551-01">南方</name>造箭者，</s> <s xml:id="N405554" xml:space="preserve">雕無望焉，</s> <s xml:id="N405557" xml:space="preserve">即鷹、</s> <s xml:id="N40555A" xml:space="preserve">鷂亦難得之貨，</s> <s xml:id="N40555D" xml:space="preserve">急用塞數，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405560" xml:space="preserve">即以雁翎，</s> <s xml:id="N405563" xml:space="preserve">甚至鵝翎亦爲之矣。</s> <s xml:id="N405566" xml:space="preserve">凡雕翎箭行疾過鷹、</s> <s xml:id="N405569" xml:space="preserve">鷂<lb/>翎，</s> <s xml:id="N40556C" xml:space="preserve">十余步而端正，</s> <s xml:id="N40556F" xml:space="preserve">能抗風吹。</s> <s xml:id="N405572" xml:space="preserve">北邊羽箭多出此料。</s> <s xml:id="N405575" xml:space="preserve">鷹、</s> <s xml:id="N405578" xml:space="preserve">鷂<lb/>翎作法精工，</s> <s xml:id="N40557B" xml:space="preserve">亦恍惚焉。</s> <s xml:id="N40557E" xml:space="preserve">若鵝、</s> <s xml:id="N405581" xml:space="preserve">雁之質，</s> <s xml:id="N405584" xml:space="preserve">則釋放之時，</s> <s xml:id="N405587" xml:space="preserve">手不<lb/>應心，</s> <s xml:id="N40558A" xml:space="preserve">而遇風斜竄者多矣。</s> <s xml:id="N40558D" xml:space="preserve">南箭不及北，</s> <s xml:id="N405590" xml:space="preserve">由此分也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d033650" type="section"> <head xml:id="N405593" xml:space="preserve">弩</head> <p xml:id="d033655"> <s xml:id="N405596" xml:space="preserve">凡弩爲守營兵器，</s> <s xml:id="N405599" xml:space="preserve">不利行陣。</s> <s xml:id="N40559C" xml:space="preserve">直者名身，</s> <s xml:id="N40559F" xml:space="preserve">衡者名翼，</s> <s xml:id="N4055A2" xml:space="preserve">弩牙<lb/>發弦者名機。</s> <s xml:id="N4055A5" xml:space="preserve">斵木爲身。</s> <s xml:id="N4055A8" xml:space="preserve">約長二尺許，</s> <s xml:id="N4055AB" xml:space="preserve">身之首橫拴度翼。</s> <pb facs="X06.01.190A" n="二九a"/> <s xml:id="N4055B0" xml:space="preserve">其空缺度翼處，</s> <s xml:id="N4055B3" xml:space="preserve">去面刻定一分，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d033693"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4055B6" xml:space="preserve">稍厚則弦發不應節。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4055B9" xml:space="preserve">去背則不論<lb/>分數。</s> <s xml:id="N4055BC" xml:space="preserve">面上微刻直槽一條以盛箭。</s> <s xml:id="N4055BF" xml:space="preserve">其翼以柔木一條爲<lb/>者名扁擔弩，</s> <s xml:id="N4055C2" xml:space="preserve">力最雄。</s> <s xml:id="N4055C5" xml:space="preserve">或一木之下加以竹片疊承</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d033729"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d033734" xml:space="preserve">其竹一片<lb/>短一片，</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4055C8" xml:space="preserve">名三撐弩，</s> <s xml:id="N4055CB" xml:space="preserve">或五撐、</s> <s xml:id="N4055CE" xml:space="preserve">七撐而止，</s> <s xml:id="N4055D1" xml:space="preserve">身下截刻鍥銜弦，</s> <s xml:id="N4055D4" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>銜傍活釘牙機，</s> <s xml:id="N4055D7" xml:space="preserve">上剔發弦。</s> <s xml:id="N4055DA" xml:space="preserve">上弦之時唯力是視。</s> <s xml:id="N4055DD" xml:space="preserve">一人以<lb/>腳踏強弩而弦者，</s> <s xml:id="N4055E0" xml:space="preserve">《漢書》名曰“蹶張材官”。</s> <s xml:id="N4055E3" xml:space="preserve">弦送矢行，</s> <s xml:id="N4055E6" xml:space="preserve">其疾<lb/>無與比數。</s> <s xml:id="N4055E9" xml:space="preserve">凡弩弦以苧麻爲質，</s> <s xml:id="N4055EC" xml:space="preserve">纏繞以鵝翎，</s> <s xml:id="N4055EF" xml:space="preserve">塗以黃蠟。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4055F2" xml:space="preserve">其弦上翼則謹，</s> <s xml:id="N4055F5" xml:space="preserve">放下仍松，</s> <s xml:id="N4055F8" xml:space="preserve">故鵝翎可扱首尾于繩內。</s> <s xml:id="N4055FB" xml:space="preserve">弩<lb/>箭羽以箬葉爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N4055FE" xml:space="preserve">析破箭本，</s> <s xml:id="N405601" xml:space="preserve">銜于其中而纏約之。</s> <s xml:id="N405601.1" xml:space="preserve">其射 <pb facs="X06.01.190B" n="二九b"/> 猛獸藥箭，</s> <s xml:id="d033824" xml:space="preserve">則用草鳥一味，</s> <s xml:id="d033827" xml:space="preserve">熬成濃膠，</s> <s xml:id="d033831" xml:space="preserve">蘸染矢刃。</s> <s xml:id="d033834" xml:space="preserve">見血一<lb/>縷則命即絶，</s> <s xml:id="d033839" xml:space="preserve">人畜同之。</s> <s xml:id="N405604" xml:space="preserve">凡弓箭強者行二百余步，</s> <s xml:id="N405607" xml:space="preserve">弩箭<lb/>最強者五十步而止，</s> <s xml:id="N40560A" xml:space="preserve">即過咫尺，</s> <s xml:id="N40560D" xml:space="preserve">不能穿魯縞矣。</s> <s xml:id="N405610" xml:space="preserve">然其行<lb/>疾則十倍于弓，</s> <s xml:id="N405613" xml:space="preserve">而人物之深亦倍之。</s> <s xml:id="N405616" xml:space="preserve">國朝軍器造神臂<lb/>弩、</s> <s xml:id="N405619" xml:space="preserve">克敵弩，</s> <s xml:id="N40561C" xml:space="preserve">皆並發二矢、</s> <s xml:id="N40561F" xml:space="preserve">三矢者。</s> <s xml:id="N405622" xml:space="preserve">又有諸葛弩，</s> <s xml:id="N405625" xml:space="preserve">其上刻直<lb/>槽，</s> <s xml:id="N405628" xml:space="preserve">相承函十矢，</s> <s xml:id="N40562B" xml:space="preserve">其翼取最柔木爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N40562E" xml:space="preserve">另安機木隨手扳<lb/>弦而上，</s> <s xml:id="N405631" xml:space="preserve">發去一矢，</s> <s xml:id="N405634" xml:space="preserve">槽中又落下一矢，</s> <s xml:id="N405637" xml:space="preserve">則又扳木上弦而<lb/>發。</s> <s xml:id="N40563A" xml:space="preserve">機巧雖工，</s> <s xml:id="N40563D" xml:space="preserve">然其力綿甚，</s> <s xml:id="N405640" xml:space="preserve">所及二十余步而已。</s> <s xml:id="N405643" xml:space="preserve">此居家<lb/>妨竊具，</s> <s xml:id="N405646" xml:space="preserve">非軍國器。</s> <s xml:id="N405649" xml:space="preserve">其山人射猛獸者名曰窩弩，</s> <s xml:id="N40564C" xml:space="preserve">安頓交 <pb facs="X06.01.191A" n="三十a"/> 跡之衢，</s> <s xml:id="N405652" xml:space="preserve">機傍引線，</s> <s xml:id="N405655" xml:space="preserve">俟獸過，</s> <s xml:id="N405658" xml:space="preserve">帶發而射之。</s> <s xml:id="N40565B" xml:space="preserve">一發所獲，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d033950"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40565E" xml:space="preserve">一獸而已。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d033966" type="section"> <head xml:id="N40566E.1" xml:space="preserve">干</head> <p xml:id="d033971"> <s xml:id="N405661" xml:space="preserve">丹干戈名最古，</s> <s xml:id="N405661a" xml:space="preserve">干與戈相連得名者，</s> <s xml:id="N405661b" xml:space="preserve">後世戰卒，</s> <s xml:id="N405661c" xml:space="preserve">短兵馳<lb/>騎者更用之。</s> <s xml:id="N405661d" xml:space="preserve">盖右手執短刀，</s> <s xml:id="N405661e" xml:space="preserve">則左手執干以蔽敵矢。</s> <s xml:id="N405661f" xml:space="preserve">古<lb/>者車戰之上，</s> <s xml:id="N405661g" xml:space="preserve">則有專司執干，</s> <s xml:id="N405661h" xml:space="preserve">併抵同人之受矢者。</s> <s xml:id="N405661i" xml:space="preserve">若雙<lb/>手執長戈與抵戟，</s> <s xml:id="N405661j" xml:space="preserve">槊，</s> <s xml:id="N405661k" xml:space="preserve">則無所用之也。</s> <s xml:id="N405661l" xml:space="preserve">几干長不過三尺，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405661m" xml:space="preserve">杷柳纎成尺徑圈直干項下，</s> <s xml:id="N405661n" xml:space="preserve">上出五寸，</s> <s xml:id="N405661o" xml:space="preserve">亦銳其端，</s> <s xml:id="N405661p" xml:space="preserve">下則<lb/>輕竿可執。</s> <s xml:id="N405661q" xml:space="preserve">若盾名中干，</s> <s xml:id="N405661r" xml:space="preserve">則步卒所持以蔽矢并拒槊者，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405661s" xml:space="preserve">谷所謂傍牌是也。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.191B" n="三十b"/> <figure xml:id="d034049"> <graphic url="X06.01.191B-01"/> <head xml:id="d034054" xml:space="preserve">端箭</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d034057" xml:space="preserve">試号定力</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.192A" n="三一a"/> <figure xml:id="d034064"> <graphic url="X06.01.192A-01"/> <head xml:id="d034069" xml:space="preserve">張弩</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d034072" xml:space="preserve">連發弩</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d034075" xml:space="preserve">上槽函<lb/>十矢</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d034080" xml:space="preserve">一孔出箭</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.192B" n="三一b"/> </div> <div xml:id="d034088" type="section"> <head xml:id="N405661.1" xml:space="preserve">火藥料</head> <p xml:id="d034093"> <s xml:id="N405664" xml:space="preserve">火藥、</s> <s xml:id="N405667" xml:space="preserve">火器、</s> <s xml:id="N40566A" xml:space="preserve">今時妄想進身博官者，</s> <s xml:id="N40566D" xml:space="preserve">人人張目而道，</s> <s xml:id="N405670" xml:space="preserve">著書<lb/>以獻，</s> <s xml:id="N405673" xml:space="preserve">未必盡由試驗。</s> <s xml:id="N405676" xml:space="preserve">然亦粗載數葉，</s> <s xml:id="N405679" xml:space="preserve">附于卷內。</s> <s xml:id="N40567C" xml:space="preserve">凡火藥<lb/>以硝石、</s> <s xml:id="N40567F" xml:space="preserve">硫黃爲主，</s> <s xml:id="N405682" xml:space="preserve">草木灰爲輔。</s> <s xml:id="N405685" xml:space="preserve">硝性至陰，</s> <s xml:id="N405688" xml:space="preserve">硫性至陽，</s> <s xml:id="N40568B" xml:space="preserve">陰<lb/>陽兩神物查遇于無隙可容之中。</s> <s xml:id="N40568E" xml:space="preserve">其出也，</s> <s xml:id="N405691" xml:space="preserve">人物膺之。</s> <s xml:id="N405694" xml:space="preserve">魂<lb/>散驚而魄虀粉。</s> <s xml:id="N405697" xml:space="preserve">凡硝性主直，</s> <s xml:id="N40569A" xml:space="preserve">直擊者硝九而硫一。</s> <s xml:id="N40569D" xml:space="preserve">硫性<lb/>主橫，</s> <s xml:id="N4056A0" xml:space="preserve">爆擊者硝七而硫三。</s> <s xml:id="N4056A3" xml:space="preserve">其佐使之灰，</s> <s xml:id="N4056A6" xml:space="preserve">則青楊、</s> <s xml:id="N4056A9" xml:space="preserve">枯杉、</s> <s xml:id="N4056AC" xml:space="preserve">樺<lb/>根、</s> <s xml:id="N4056AF" xml:space="preserve">箬葉、</s> <s xml:id="N4056B2" xml:space="preserve">蜀葵、</s> <s xml:id="N4056B5" xml:space="preserve">毛竹根、</s> <s xml:id="N4056B8" xml:space="preserve">茄秸之類，</s> <s xml:id="N4056BB" xml:space="preserve">燒使存性，</s> <s xml:id="N4056BE" xml:space="preserve">而其中箬葉<lb/>爲最燥也。</s> <s xml:id="N4056C1" xml:space="preserve">凡火攻有毒火、</s> <s xml:id="N4056C4" xml:space="preserve">神火、</s> <s xml:id="N4056C7" xml:space="preserve">法火、</s> <s xml:id="N4056CA" xml:space="preserve">爛火、</s> <s xml:id="N4056CD" xml:space="preserve">噴火。</s> <s xml:id="N4056D0" xml:space="preserve">毒火以 <pb facs="X06.01.193A" n="三二a"/> 白砒、</s> <s xml:id="N4056D6" xml:space="preserve">磠砂爲君，</s> <s xml:id="N4056D9" xml:space="preserve">金汁、</s> <s xml:id="N4056DC" xml:space="preserve">銀鏽、</s> <s xml:id="N4056DF" xml:space="preserve">人糞和制。</s> <s xml:id="N4056E2" xml:space="preserve">神火以朱砂、</s> <s xml:id="N4056E5" xml:space="preserve">雄黃、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4056E8" xml:space="preserve">雌黃爲君。</s> <s xml:id="N4056EB" xml:space="preserve">爛火以硼砂、</s> <s xml:id="N4056EE" xml:space="preserve">磁末、</s> <s xml:id="N4056F1" xml:space="preserve">牙皂、</s> <s xml:id="N4056F4" xml:space="preserve">秦椒配合。</s> <s xml:id="N4056F7" xml:space="preserve">飛火以硃<lb/>砂、</s> <s xml:id="N4056FA" xml:space="preserve">石典、</s> <s xml:id="N4056FD" xml:space="preserve">輕粉、</s> <s xml:id="N405700" xml:space="preserve">草烏、</s> <s xml:id="N405703" xml:space="preserve">巴豆配合。</s> <s xml:id="N405706" xml:space="preserve">劫營火則用桐油、</s> <s xml:id="N405709" xml:space="preserve">松香。</s> <s xml:id="N40570C" xml:space="preserve">此<lb/>其大略。</s> <s xml:id="N40570F" xml:space="preserve">其狼糞烟晝黑夜紅，</s> <s xml:id="N405712" xml:space="preserve">迎風直上，</s> <s xml:id="N405715" xml:space="preserve">與江豚灰能逆<lb/>風而熾，</s> <s xml:id="N405718" xml:space="preserve">皆須試見而後詳之。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d034310" type="section"> <head xml:id="N40571B" xml:space="preserve">硝石</head> <p xml:id="d034315"> <s xml:id="N40571E" xml:space="preserve">凡硝，</s> <s xml:id="N405721" xml:space="preserve">華夷皆生，</s> <s xml:id="N405724" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405724-01">中國</name>則專產<name type="place" xml:id="N405724-02">西北</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N405727" xml:space="preserve">若<name type="place" xml:id="N405727-01">東南</name>販者不給官<lb/>引，</s> <s xml:id="N40572A" xml:space="preserve">則以爲私貨而罪之。</s> <s xml:id="N40572D" xml:space="preserve">硝質與鹽同母，</s> <s xml:id="N405730" xml:space="preserve">大地之下潮氣<lb/>蒸成，</s> <s xml:id="N405733" xml:space="preserve">現于地面。</s> <s xml:id="N405736" xml:space="preserve">近水而土薄者成鹽，</s> <s xml:id="N405739" xml:space="preserve">近山而土厚者成 <pb facs="X06.01.193B" n="三二b"/> 硝。</s> <s xml:id="N40573F" xml:space="preserve">以其入水即硝鎔，</s> <s xml:id="N405742" xml:space="preserve">故名曰“硝”。</s> <s xml:id="N405745" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405745-01">長淮</name>以北，</s> <s xml:id="N405748" xml:space="preserve">節過中秋，</s> <s xml:id="N40574B" xml:space="preserve">即<lb/>居室之中，</s> <s xml:id="N40574E" xml:space="preserve">隔日掃地，</s> <s xml:id="N405751" xml:space="preserve">可取少許以供煎煉。</s> <s xml:id="N405754" xml:space="preserve">凡硝三所最<lb/>多：</s> <s xml:id="N405757" xml:space="preserve">出蜀中者曰<name type="place" xml:id="N405757-01">川</name>硝，</s> <s xml:id="N40575A" xml:space="preserve">生<name type="place" xml:id="N40575A-01">山西</name>者谷呼鹽硝，</s> <s xml:id="N40575D" xml:space="preserve">生<name type="place" xml:id="N40575D-01">山東</name>者俗<lb/>呼土硝。</s> <s xml:id="N405760" xml:space="preserve">凡硝刮掃取時，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d034417"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N405763" xml:space="preserve">牆中亦或進出。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N405766" xml:space="preserve">入缸內水浸一宿，</s> <s xml:id="N405769" xml:space="preserve">穢雜<lb/>之物浮于面上，</s> <s xml:id="N40576C" xml:space="preserve">掠取去時，</s> <s xml:id="N40576F" xml:space="preserve">然後入釜，</s> <s xml:id="N405772" xml:space="preserve">注水煎煉。</s> <s xml:id="N405775" xml:space="preserve">硝化水<lb/>幹，</s> <s xml:id="N405778" xml:space="preserve">傾于器內，</s> <s xml:id="N40577B" xml:space="preserve">經過一宿，</s> <s xml:id="N40577E" xml:space="preserve">即結成硝。</s> <s xml:id="N405781" xml:space="preserve">其上浮者曰芒硝，</s> <s xml:id="N405784" xml:space="preserve">芒<lb/>長者曰馬牙硝，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d034472"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N405787" xml:space="preserve">皆從方產本質幻出。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40578A" xml:space="preserve">其下猥雜者曰樸硝。</s> <s xml:id="N40578D" xml:space="preserve">欲去雜<lb/>還純，</s> <s xml:id="N405790" xml:space="preserve">再入水煎煉。</s> <s xml:id="N405793" xml:space="preserve">入萊菔數枚同煮熟，</s> <s xml:id="N405796" xml:space="preserve">傾入盆中，</s> <s xml:id="N405799" xml:space="preserve">經宿<lb/>結成白雪，</s> <s xml:id="N40579C" xml:space="preserve">則呼盆硝。</s> <s xml:id="N40579F" xml:space="preserve">凡制火藥，</s> <s xml:id="N4057A2" xml:space="preserve">牙硝、</s> <s xml:id="N4057A5" xml:space="preserve">盆硝功用皆同。</s> <s xml:id="N4057A8" xml:space="preserve">凡 <pb facs="X06.01.194A" n="三三a"/> 取硝制藥，</s> <s xml:id="N4057AE" xml:space="preserve">少者用新瓦焙，</s> <s xml:id="N4057B1" xml:space="preserve">多者用土釜焙，</s> <s xml:id="N4057B4" xml:space="preserve">潮氣一幹，</s> <s xml:id="N4057B7" xml:space="preserve">即<lb/>取研末。</s> <s xml:id="N4057BA" xml:space="preserve">凡研硝不以鐵碾入石臼，</s> <s xml:id="N4057BD" xml:space="preserve">相激火生，</s> <s xml:id="N4057C0" xml:space="preserve">則禍不可<lb/>測。</s> <s xml:id="N4057C3" xml:space="preserve">凡硝配定何藥分兩，</s> <s xml:id="N4057C6" xml:space="preserve">入黃同研，</s> <s xml:id="N4057C9" xml:space="preserve">木灰則從後增入。</s> <s xml:id="N4057CC" xml:space="preserve">凡<lb/>硝既焙之後，</s> <s xml:id="N4057CF" xml:space="preserve">經久潮性複生。</s> <s xml:id="N4057D2" xml:space="preserve">使用巨炮，</s> <s xml:id="N4057D5" xml:space="preserve">多從臨期裝載<lb/>也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d034582" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4057D8" xml:space="preserve">硫黃<hi rend="small">詳見燔石卷</hi></head> <p xml:id="d034589"> <s xml:id="N4057D8a" xml:space="preserve">丹硫黄配消，</s> <s xml:id="N4057D8b" xml:space="preserve">而後火藥成聲。</s> <s xml:id="N4057D8c" xml:space="preserve">北狄無黃之國，</s> <s xml:id="N4057D8d" xml:space="preserve">空繁消產，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4057D8e" xml:space="preserve">故<name type="place" xml:id="N4057D8e-01">中國</name>有嚴禁，</s> <s xml:id="N4057D8f" xml:space="preserve">丹燃砲撚消與木灰鳥引綿，</s> <s xml:id="N4057D8g" xml:space="preserve">黃不入內，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4057D8h" xml:space="preserve">入黄即不透關。</s> <s xml:id="N4057D8i" xml:space="preserve">丹碾黃難碎，</s> <s xml:id="N4057D8j" xml:space="preserve">每黃一兩，</s> <s xml:id="N4057D8k" xml:space="preserve">和消一錢同碾，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.194B" n="三三b"/> <s xml:id="N4057D8l" xml:space="preserve">則立成微塵細末也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d034638" type="section"> <head xml:id="N4057D8.1" xml:space="preserve">火器</head> <p xml:id="d034643"> <s xml:id="N4057DB" xml:space="preserve">西洋炮熟銅鑄就，</s> <s xml:id="N4057DE" xml:space="preserve">圓形若銅鼓。</s> <s xml:id="N4057E1" xml:space="preserve">引放時，</s> <s xml:id="N4057E4" xml:space="preserve">半里之內，</s> <s xml:id="N4057E7" xml:space="preserve">人馬<lb/>受驚死。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d034663"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4057EA" xml:space="preserve">平地爇引炮有關捩，</s> <s xml:id="N4057ED" xml:space="preserve">前行遇坎方止。</s> <s xml:id="N4057F0" xml:space="preserve">點引之人反走墜入深坑內，</s> <s xml:id="N4057F3" xml:space="preserve">炮聲在高頭，</s> <s xml:id="N4057F6" xml:space="preserve">放者方不喪命。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <lb/> <s xml:id="N4057F9" xml:space="preserve">紅夷炮鑄鐵爲之，</s> <s xml:id="N4057FC" xml:space="preserve">身長丈許，</s> <s xml:id="N4057FF" xml:space="preserve">用以守城。</s> <s xml:id="N405802" xml:space="preserve">中藏鐵彈並火<lb/>藥數斗，</s> <s xml:id="N405805" xml:space="preserve">飛激二里，</s> <s xml:id="N405808" xml:space="preserve">膺其鋒者爲虀粉。</s> <s xml:id="N40580B" xml:space="preserve">凡炮爇引內灼時，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40580E" xml:space="preserve">先往後坐下鈞力，</s> <s xml:id="N405811" xml:space="preserve">其位須牆抵住，</s> <s xml:id="N405814" xml:space="preserve">牆崩者其常。</s> </p> <p xml:id="d034727"> <s xml:id="N405817" xml:space="preserve">大將軍 </s> <s xml:id="d034732" xml:space="preserve">二將軍</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d034737"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d034742" xml:space="preserve">即紅夷之次，</s> <s xml:id="N40581A" xml:space="preserve">在<name type="place" xml:id="N40581A-01">中國</name>爲巨物。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40581D" xml:space="preserve">佛郎機</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d034762"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d034767" xml:space="preserve">水戰舟頭用。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N405820" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/>三眼銃 百子連珠炮</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.195A" n="三四a"/> <p xml:id="d034784"> <s xml:id="N405823" xml:space="preserve">地雷埋伏土中，</s> <s xml:id="N405828" xml:space="preserve">竹管通引，</s> <s xml:id="N40582B" xml:space="preserve">衝土起擊，</s> <s xml:id="N40582E" xml:space="preserve">其身從其炸裂。</s> <s xml:id="N405831" xml:space="preserve">所<lb/>謂橫擊，</s> <s xml:id="N405834" xml:space="preserve">用黃多者。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d034807"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N405837" xml:space="preserve">引線用礬油，</s> <s xml:id="N40583A" xml:space="preserve">炮口覆以盆。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> </p> <p xml:id="d034825"> <s xml:id="N40583D" xml:space="preserve">混江龍，</s> <s xml:id="N405840" xml:space="preserve">漆固皮囊裹炮沉于水底，</s> <s xml:id="N405843" xml:space="preserve">岸上帶索引機。</s> <s xml:id="N405846" xml:space="preserve">囊中<lb/>懸吊火石、</s> <s xml:id="N405849" xml:space="preserve">火鐮，</s> <s xml:id="N40584C" xml:space="preserve">索機一動，</s> <s xml:id="N40584F" xml:space="preserve">其中自發。</s> <s xml:id="N405852" xml:space="preserve">敵舟行過，</s> <s xml:id="N405855" xml:space="preserve">遇之則<lb/>敗。</s> <s xml:id="N405858" xml:space="preserve">然此終癡物也。</s> </p> <p xml:id="d034863"> <s xml:id="N40585B" xml:space="preserve">鳥銃。</s> <s xml:id="N40585E" xml:space="preserve">凡鳥銃長約三尺，</s> <s xml:id="N405861" xml:space="preserve">鐵管載藥，</s> <s xml:id="N405864" xml:space="preserve">嵌盛木棍之中，</s> <s xml:id="N405867" xml:space="preserve">以便<lb/>手握。</s> <s xml:id="N40586A" xml:space="preserve">凡錘鳥銃，</s> <s xml:id="N40586D" xml:space="preserve">先以鐵梃一條大如箸者爲冷骨，</s> <s xml:id="N405870" xml:space="preserve">裹紅<lb/>鐵錘成。</s> <s xml:id="N405873" xml:space="preserve">先爲三接，</s> <s xml:id="N405876" xml:space="preserve">接口熾紅，</s> <s xml:id="N405879" xml:space="preserve">竭爲撞合。</s> <s xml:id="N40587C" xml:space="preserve">合後以四棱鋼<lb/>錐如箸大者，</s> <s xml:id="N40587F" xml:space="preserve">透轉其中，</s> <s xml:id="N405882" xml:space="preserve">使極光淨，</s> <s xml:id="N405885" xml:space="preserve">則發藥無阻滯。</s> <s xml:id="N405888" xml:space="preserve">其本 <pb facs="X06.01.195B" n="三四b"/> 近身處，</s> <s xml:id="N40588E" xml:space="preserve">管亦大于末，</s> <s xml:id="N405891" xml:space="preserve">所以容受火藥。</s> <s xml:id="N405894" xml:space="preserve">每銃約載配消一<lb/>錢二分，</s> <s xml:id="N405897" xml:space="preserve">鉛鐵彈子二錢。</s> <s xml:id="N40589A" xml:space="preserve">發藥不用信引，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d034941"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40589D" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40589D-01">嶺南</name>制度，</s> <s xml:id="N4058A0" xml:space="preserve">有用引者。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4058A3" xml:space="preserve">孔口<lb/>通內處露消分厘，</s> <s xml:id="N4058A6" xml:space="preserve">搥熟苧麻點火。</s> <s xml:id="N4058A9" xml:space="preserve">左手握銃對敵，</s> <s xml:id="N4058AC" xml:space="preserve">右手<lb/>發鐵機逼苧火于消上，</s> <s xml:id="N4058AF" xml:space="preserve">則一發而去。</s> <s xml:id="N4058B2" xml:space="preserve">鳥雀遇于三十步<lb/>內者，</s> <s xml:id="N4058B5" xml:space="preserve">羽肉皆粉碎，</s> <s xml:id="N4058B8" xml:space="preserve">五十步外方有完形，</s> <s xml:id="N4058BB" xml:space="preserve">若百步則銃力<lb/>竭矣。</s> <s xml:id="N4058BE" xml:space="preserve">鳥槍行遠過二百步，</s> <s xml:id="N4058C1" xml:space="preserve">制方仿佛鳥銃，</s> <s xml:id="N4058C4" xml:space="preserve">而身長藥多，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4058C7" xml:space="preserve">亦皆倍此也。</s> </p> <p xml:id="d035010"> <s xml:id="N4058CA" xml:space="preserve">萬人敵。</s> <s xml:id="N4058CD" xml:space="preserve">凡外郡小邑乘城卻敵，</s> <s xml:id="N4058D0" xml:space="preserve">有炮力不具者，</s> <s xml:id="N4058D3" xml:space="preserve">即有空<lb/>懸火炮而癡重難使者，</s> <s xml:id="N4058D6" xml:space="preserve">則萬人敵近制隨宜可用，</s> <s xml:id="N4058D9" xml:space="preserve">不必 <pb facs="X06.01.196A" n="三五a"/> 拘執一方也。</s> <s xml:id="N4058DF" xml:space="preserve">盖消、</s> <s xml:id="N4058E2" xml:space="preserve">黃火力所射，</s> <s xml:id="N4058E5" xml:space="preserve">千軍萬馬立時糜爛。</s> <s xml:id="N4058E8" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>法：</s> <s xml:id="N4058EB" xml:space="preserve">用宿幹空中泥團，</s> <s xml:id="N4058EE" xml:space="preserve">上留小眼築實消、</s> <s xml:id="N4058F1" xml:space="preserve">黃火藥，</s> <s xml:id="N4058F4" xml:space="preserve">參人毒<lb/>火、</s> <s xml:id="N4058F7" xml:space="preserve">神火，</s> <s xml:id="N4058FA" xml:space="preserve">由人變通增損。</s> <s xml:id="N4058FD" xml:space="preserve">貫藥安信而後，</s> <s xml:id="N405900" xml:space="preserve">外以木架匡圍，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405903" xml:space="preserve">或有即用木桶而塑泥實其內郭者，</s> <s xml:id="N405906" xml:space="preserve">其義亦同。</s> <s xml:id="N405909" xml:space="preserve">若泥團<lb/>必用木匡，</s> <s xml:id="N40590C" xml:space="preserve">所以妨擲投先碎也。</s> <s xml:id="N40590F" xml:space="preserve">敵攻城時，</s> <s xml:id="N405912" xml:space="preserve">燃灼引信，</s> <s xml:id="N405915" xml:space="preserve">拋<lb/>擲城下。</s> <s xml:id="N405918" xml:space="preserve">火力出騰，</s> <s xml:id="N40591B" xml:space="preserve">八面旋轉。</s> <s xml:id="N40591E" xml:space="preserve">旋向內時，</s> <s xml:id="N405921" xml:space="preserve">則城牆抵住，</s> <s xml:id="N405924" xml:space="preserve">不<lb/>傷我兵。</s> <s xml:id="N405927" xml:space="preserve">旋向外時，</s> <s xml:id="N40592A" xml:space="preserve">則敵人驪皆無幸。</s> <s xml:id="N40592D" xml:space="preserve">此爲守城第一器。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405930" xml:space="preserve">而能通火藥之性、</s> <s xml:id="N405933" xml:space="preserve">火器之方者，</s> <s xml:id="N405936" xml:space="preserve">聰明由人。</s> <s xml:id="N405939" xml:space="preserve">作者不上十<lb/>年，</s> <s xml:id="N40593C" xml:space="preserve">守土者留心可也。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.196B" n="三五b"/> <figure xml:id="d035153"> <graphic url="X06.01.196B-01"/> <head xml:id="d035158" xml:space="preserve">鳥鋶</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.197A" n="三六a"/> <figure xml:id="d035165"> <graphic url="X06.01.197A-01"/> <head xml:id="d035170" xml:space="preserve">百子連珠砲</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035173" xml:space="preserve">入靣轉</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035176" xml:space="preserve">以尾<lb/>旋動</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035181" xml:space="preserve">精銅鑄長四尺中<lb/>容法藥一升五合</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035187" xml:space="preserve">神烟砲</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035190" xml:space="preserve">小砲先<lb/>發毒霧</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035195" xml:space="preserve">將軍<lb/>砲</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035200" xml:space="preserve">釘地下</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.197B" n="三六b"/> <figure xml:id="d035206"> <graphic url="X06.01.197B-01"/> <head xml:id="d035211" xml:space="preserve">萬人敵</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035214" xml:space="preserve">令</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.198A" n="三七a"/> <figure xml:id="d035220"> <graphic url="X06.01.198A-01"/> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.198B" n="三七b"/> <figure xml:id="d035229"> <graphic url="X06.01.198B-01"/> <head xml:id="d035234" xml:space="preserve">地雷</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035237" xml:space="preserve">機</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035240" xml:space="preserve">各火<lb/>磁屑</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035245" xml:space="preserve">信</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035249" xml:space="preserve">飛廉箭</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035252" xml:space="preserve">機</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035255" xml:space="preserve">各火<lb/>磁屑</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035260" xml:space="preserve">信</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035263" xml:space="preserve">飛廉箭</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035266" xml:space="preserve">毒火</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035270" xml:space="preserve">機</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035273" xml:space="preserve">各火<lb/>磁屑</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035278" xml:space="preserve">機</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035281" xml:space="preserve">各火<lb/>磁屑</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035286" xml:space="preserve">機</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035289" xml:space="preserve">各火<lb/>磁屑</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035295" xml:space="preserve">毒火</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035298" xml:space="preserve">編竹<lb/>爲篷</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.199A" n="三八a"/> <figure xml:id="d035306"> <graphic url="X06.01.199A-01"/> <head xml:id="d035311" xml:space="preserve">混江龍</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035314" xml:space="preserve">翅</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035317" xml:space="preserve">鴈</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035320" xml:space="preserve">薄板</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035324" xml:space="preserve">牛脟</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035327" xml:space="preserve">發藥</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035330" xml:space="preserve">火砲</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035333" xml:space="preserve">木牌</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035336" xml:space="preserve">右</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035339" xml:space="preserve">右</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.199B" n="三八b"/> <figure xml:id="d035345"> <graphic url="X06.01.199B-01"/> <head xml:id="d035350" xml:space="preserve">吐燄神毬</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035353" xml:space="preserve">糊以厚<lb/>纸涂以<lb/>松香</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035360" xml:space="preserve">藥蔑<lb/>编造</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035365" xml:space="preserve">神飛二火<lb/>毒烈二火</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035371" xml:space="preserve">繩絡</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035374" xml:space="preserve">神威大砲</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035377" xml:space="preserve">鐵拴</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035380" xml:space="preserve">信</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035383" xml:space="preserve">鐵拴</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035386" xml:space="preserve">墊木低昂<lb/>以分遠近 </ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035392" xml:space="preserve">提心</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.200A" n="三九a"/> <figure xml:id="d035399"> <graphic url="X06.01.200A-01"/> <head xml:id="d035404" xml:space="preserve">流星砲</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035407" xml:space="preserve">生鐵<lb/>鎔鑄</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035412" xml:space="preserve">馬</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035415" xml:space="preserve">神烟<lb/>各火</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035421" xml:space="preserve">氐信</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035424" xml:space="preserve">馬</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035427" xml:space="preserve">神烟<lb/>各火</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035432" xml:space="preserve">馬</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035435" xml:space="preserve">神烟<lb/>各火</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035440" xml:space="preserve">九矢鑽心砲</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035444" xml:space="preserve">鐵鋼</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035447" xml:space="preserve">精銅鑄長<lb/>三尺八寸</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035452" xml:space="preserve">信</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035455" xml:space="preserve">發馬</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035458" xml:space="preserve">馬</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d035461" xml:space="preserve">鐵尾<lb/>運動</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.200B" n="三九b"/> <pb facs="X06.01.201A" n="四十a"/> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d035473" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N40593F" xml:space="preserve">丹青第十六卷</head> <p xml:id="d035478"> <s xml:id="N405944" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N405947" xml:space="preserve">斯文千古之不墜也，</s> <s xml:id="N40594A" xml:space="preserve">注玄尚白，</s> <s xml:id="N40594D" xml:space="preserve">其功孰與京哉？<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405950" xml:space="preserve">離火紅而黑孕其中，</s> <s xml:id="N405953" xml:space="preserve">水銀白而至紅呈其變。</s> <s xml:id="N405956" xml:space="preserve">造化爐錘，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405959" xml:space="preserve">思議何所容也。</s> <s xml:id="N40595C" xml:space="preserve">五章遙降，</s> <s xml:id="N40595F" xml:space="preserve">看法臨墨而大號彰。</s> <s xml:id="N405962" xml:space="preserve">萬卷橫<lb/>披，</s> <s xml:id="N405965" xml:space="preserve">墨得朱而天章煥。</s> <s xml:id="N405968" xml:space="preserve">文房異寶，</s> <s xml:id="N40596B" xml:space="preserve">珠玉何爲？</s> <s xml:id="N40596E" xml:space="preserve">至畫工肖像<lb/>萬物，</s> <s xml:id="N405971" xml:space="preserve">或取本姿，</s> <s xml:id="N405974" xml:space="preserve">或從配合，</s> <s xml:id="N405977" xml:space="preserve">而色色咸備焉。</s> <s xml:id="N40597A" xml:space="preserve">夫亦依坎附<lb/>離，</s> <s xml:id="N40597D" xml:space="preserve">而共呈五行變態，</s> <s xml:id="N405980" xml:space="preserve">非至神孰能與于斯哉？</s> </p> <div xml:id="d035555" type="section"> <head xml:id="N405983" xml:space="preserve">朱</head> <p xml:id="d035560"> <s xml:id="N405986" xml:space="preserve">凡朱砂、</s> <s xml:id="N405989" xml:space="preserve">水銀、</s> <s xml:id="N40598C" xml:space="preserve">銀朱，</s> <s xml:id="N40598F" xml:space="preserve">原同一物，</s> <s xml:id="N405992" xml:space="preserve">所以異名者，</s> <s xml:id="N405995" xml:space="preserve">由精粗老嫩 <pb facs="X06.01.201B" n="四十b"/> 而分也。</s> <s xml:id="N40599B" xml:space="preserve">上好朱砂出<name type="place" xml:id="N40599B-01">辰</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N40599E" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40599E-01">錦</name></s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d035595"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d035600" xml:space="preserve">今名麻陽</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d035611" xml:space="preserve">與<name type="place" xml:id="N40599E-02">四川</name>者，</s> <s xml:id="N4059A1" xml:space="preserve">中即孕澒，</s> <s xml:id="N4059A4" xml:space="preserve">然<lb/>不能升煉。</s> <s xml:id="N4059A7" xml:space="preserve">盖光明、</s> <s xml:id="N4059AA" xml:space="preserve">箭鏃、</s> <s xml:id="N4059AD" xml:space="preserve">鏡面等砂，</s> <s xml:id="N4059B0" xml:space="preserve">其價重于水銀三倍，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4059B3" xml:space="preserve">故擇出爲朱砂貨鬻。</s> <s xml:id="N4059B6" xml:space="preserve">若以升水，</s> <s xml:id="N4059B9" xml:space="preserve">反降賤值。</s> <s xml:id="N4059BC" xml:space="preserve">唯粗次朱砂<lb/>方以升煉水銀，</s> <s xml:id="N4059BF" xml:space="preserve">而水銀又升銀朱也。</s> <s xml:id="N4059C2" xml:space="preserve">凡朱砂上品者，</s> <s xml:id="N4059C5" xml:space="preserve">穴<lb/>土十余丈乃得之。</s> <s xml:id="N4059C8" xml:space="preserve">始見其苗，</s> <s xml:id="N4059CB" xml:space="preserve">磊然白石，</s> <s xml:id="N4059CE" xml:space="preserve">謂之朱砂床，</s> <s xml:id="N4059D1" xml:space="preserve">近<lb/>床之砂，</s> <s xml:id="N4059D4" xml:space="preserve">有如雞子大者。</s> <s xml:id="N4059D7" xml:space="preserve">其次砂不入藥，</s> <s xml:id="N4059DA" xml:space="preserve">只爲研供畫用<lb/>與升煉水銀者。</s> <s xml:id="N4059DD" xml:space="preserve">其苗不必白石，</s> <s xml:id="N4059E0" xml:space="preserve">其深數丈即得。</s> <s xml:id="N4059E3" xml:space="preserve">外床或<lb/>雜青黃石，</s> <s xml:id="N4059E6" xml:space="preserve">或間沙土，</s> <s xml:id="N4059E9" xml:space="preserve">土中孕滿，</s> <s xml:id="N4059EC" xml:space="preserve">則其外沙石多自折裂。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4059EF" xml:space="preserve">此種砂<name type="place" xml:id="N4059EF-01">貴州</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4059EF-02">思</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4059F2" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4059F2-01">印</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4059F5" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4059F5-01">銅仁</name>等地最繁，</s> <s xml:id="N4059F8" xml:space="preserve">而<name type="place" xml:id="N4059F8-01">商州</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N4059FB" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4059FB-01">秦州</name>出亦廣 <pb facs="X06.01.202A" n="四一a"/> 也。</s> <s xml:id="N405A01" xml:space="preserve">凡次砂取來，</s> <s xml:id="N405A04" xml:space="preserve">其通坑色帶白嫩者，</s> <s xml:id="N405A07" xml:space="preserve">則不以研朱，</s> <s xml:id="N405A0A" xml:space="preserve">盡以<lb/>升澒。</s> <s xml:id="N405A0D" xml:space="preserve">若砂質即嫩而爍視欲丹者，</s> <s xml:id="N405A10" xml:space="preserve">則取來的，</s> <s xml:id="N405A13" xml:space="preserve">入巨鐵碾<lb/>槽中，</s> <s xml:id="N405A16" xml:space="preserve">軋碎如微塵，</s> <s xml:id="N405A19" xml:space="preserve">然後入缸，</s> <s xml:id="N405A1C" xml:space="preserve">注清水澄浸。</s> <s xml:id="N405A1F" xml:space="preserve">過三日夜，</s> <s xml:id="N405A22" xml:space="preserve">跌<lb/>取其上浮者，</s> <s xml:id="N405A25" xml:space="preserve">傾入別缸，</s> <s xml:id="N405A28" xml:space="preserve">名曰二朱。</s> <s xml:id="N405A2B" xml:space="preserve">其下沉結者，</s> <s xml:id="N405A2E" xml:space="preserve">曬幹即<lb/>名頭朱也。</s> <s xml:id="N405A31" xml:space="preserve">凡升水銀，</s> <s xml:id="N405A34" xml:space="preserve">或用嫩白次砂，</s> <s xml:id="N405A37" xml:space="preserve">或用缸中跌出浮<lb/>面二朱，</s> <s xml:id="N405A3A" xml:space="preserve">水和槎成大盤條，</s> <s xml:id="N405A3D" xml:space="preserve">每三十斤人一釜內升澒，</s> <s xml:id="N405A40" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>下炭質亦用三十斤。</s> <s xml:id="N405A43" xml:space="preserve">凡升澒，</s> <s xml:id="N405A46" xml:space="preserve">上盖一釜，</s> <s xml:id="N405A49" xml:space="preserve">釜當中留一小<lb/>孔，</s> <s xml:id="N405A4C" xml:space="preserve">釜傍鹽泥緊固。</s> <s xml:id="N405A4F" xml:space="preserve">釜上用鐵打成一曲弓溜管，</s> <s xml:id="N405A52" xml:space="preserve">其管用<lb/>麻繩密纏通梢，</s> <s xml:id="N405A55" xml:space="preserve">仍用鹽泥塗固。</s> <s xml:id="N405A58" xml:space="preserve">煆火之時，</s> <s xml:id="N405A5B" xml:space="preserve">曲溜一頭插 <pb facs="X06.01.202B" n="四一b"/> 入釜中通氣，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d035862"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N405A61" xml:space="preserve">插處一絲固密。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N405A64" xml:space="preserve">一頭以中罐注水兩瓶，</s> <s xml:id="N405A67" xml:space="preserve">插曲溜尾<lb/>于內，</s> <s xml:id="N405A6A" xml:space="preserve">釜中之氣達于罐中之水而止。</s> <s xml:id="N405A6D" xml:space="preserve">共煆五個時辰，</s> <s xml:id="N405A70" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>中砂末盡化成澒，</s> <s xml:id="N405A73" xml:space="preserve">布于滿釜。</s> <s xml:id="N405A76" xml:space="preserve">冷定一日，</s> <s xml:id="N405A79" xml:space="preserve">取出掃下。</s> <s xml:id="N405A7C" xml:space="preserve">此最<lb/>妙玄，</s> <s xml:id="N405A7F" xml:space="preserve">化全部天機也。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d035914"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N405A82" xml:space="preserve">《本草》胡亂注，</s> <s xml:id="N405A85" xml:space="preserve">“鑿地一孔，</s> <s xml:id="N405A88" xml:space="preserve">放碗一個盛水”。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N405A8B" xml:space="preserve">凡將水銀再<lb/>升朱用，</s> <s xml:id="N405A8E" xml:space="preserve">故名曰銀朱。</s> <s xml:id="N405A91" xml:space="preserve">其法或用馨口泥罐，</s> <s xml:id="N405A94" xml:space="preserve">或用上下釜。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405A97" xml:space="preserve">每水銀一斤入石亭脂</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d035953"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d035958" xml:space="preserve">即硫黃制造者</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d035967" xml:space="preserve">二斤，</s> <s xml:id="N405A9A" xml:space="preserve">同研不見星，</s> <s xml:id="N405A9D" xml:space="preserve">炒作<lb/>青砂頭，</s> <s xml:id="N405AA0" xml:space="preserve">裝于罐內。</s> <s xml:id="N405AA3" xml:space="preserve">上用鐵盞盖定，</s> <s xml:id="N405AA6" xml:space="preserve">盞上壓一鐵尺。</s> <s xml:id="N405AA9" xml:space="preserve">鐵線<lb/>兜底捆縛，</s> <s xml:id="N405AAC" xml:space="preserve">鹽泥固濟口縫，</s> <s xml:id="N405AAF" xml:space="preserve">下用三釘插地鼎足盛罐。</s> <s xml:id="N405AB2" xml:space="preserve">打<lb/>火三炷香久，</s> <s xml:id="N405AB5" xml:space="preserve">頻以廢筆蘸水察盞，</s> <s xml:id="N405AB8" xml:space="preserve">則銀自成粉，</s> <s xml:id="N405ABB" xml:space="preserve">貼于礶 <pb facs="X06.01.203A" n="四二a"/> 上，</s> <s xml:id="N405AC1" xml:space="preserve">其貼口者朱更鮮華。</s> <s xml:id="N405AC4" xml:space="preserve">冷定揭出，</s> <s xml:id="N405AC7" xml:space="preserve">刮掃取用。</s> <s xml:id="N405ACA" xml:space="preserve">其石亭脂<lb/>沉下罐底，</s> <s xml:id="N405ACD" xml:space="preserve">可取再用也。</s> <s xml:id="N405AD0" xml:space="preserve">每升水銀一斤得朱十四兩，</s> <s xml:id="N405AD3" xml:space="preserve">次<lb/>朱三兩五錢，</s> <s xml:id="N405AD6" xml:space="preserve">出數藉硫質而生。</s> <s xml:id="N405AD9" xml:space="preserve">凡升朱與研朱，</s> <s xml:id="N405ADC" xml:space="preserve">功用亦<lb/>相仿。</s> <s xml:id="N405ADF" xml:space="preserve">若皇家、</s> <s xml:id="N405AE2" xml:space="preserve">貴家畫彩，</s> <s xml:id="N405AE5" xml:space="preserve">則即同辰、</s> <s xml:id="N405AE8" xml:space="preserve">錦丹砂研成者，</s> <s xml:id="N405AEB" xml:space="preserve">不用<lb/>此朱也。</s> <s xml:id="N405AEE" xml:space="preserve">凡朱，</s> <s xml:id="N405AF1" xml:space="preserve">文房膠成條塊，</s> <s xml:id="N405AF4" xml:space="preserve">石硯則顯，</s> <s xml:id="N405AF7" xml:space="preserve">若磨于錫硯之<lb/>上，</s> <s xml:id="N405AFA" xml:space="preserve">則立成皂汁。</s> <s xml:id="N405AFD" xml:space="preserve">即漆工以鮮物彩，</s> <s xml:id="N405B00" xml:space="preserve">唯入桐油調則顯，</s> <s xml:id="N405B03" xml:space="preserve">入<lb/>漆亦晦也。</s> <s xml:id="N405B06" xml:space="preserve">凡水銀與朱更無他出，</s> <s xml:id="N405B09" xml:space="preserve">其澒海、</s> <s xml:id="N405B0C" xml:space="preserve">草澒之說無<lb/>端狂妄，</s> <s xml:id="N405B0F" xml:space="preserve">耳食者信之。</s> <s xml:id="N405B12" xml:space="preserve">若水銀已升朱，</s> <s xml:id="N405B15" xml:space="preserve">則不可複還爲澒，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405B18" xml:space="preserve">所謂造化之巧已盡也。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.203B" n="四二b"/> <figure xml:id="d036129"> <graphic url="X06.01.203B-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d036134" xml:space="preserve">研硃</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d036137" xml:space="preserve">鐵槽</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d036140" xml:space="preserve">澄硃</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.204A" n="四三a"/> <figure xml:id="d036147"> <graphic url="X06.01.204A-01"/> <head xml:id="d036152" xml:space="preserve">升煉水銀</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d036155" xml:space="preserve">鐵弓<lb/>空管</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d036160" xml:space="preserve">此頭<lb/>入水</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d036165" xml:space="preserve">固濟</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.204B" n="四三b"/> <figure xml:id="d036171"> <graphic url="X06.01.204B-01"/> <head xml:id="d036176" xml:space="preserve">銀復升硃</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.205A" n="四四a"/> </div> <div xml:id="d036183" type="section"> <head xml:id="N405B1D" xml:space="preserve">墨</head> <p xml:id="d036188"> <s xml:id="N405B20" xml:space="preserve">凡墨燒烟凝質而爲之。</s> <s xml:id="N405B23" xml:space="preserve">取桐油、</s> <s xml:id="N405B26" xml:space="preserve">清油、</s> <s xml:id="N405B29" xml:space="preserve">豬油烟爲者居十<lb/>之一，</s> <s xml:id="N405B2C" xml:space="preserve">取松烟爲者居十之九。</s> <s xml:id="N405B2F" xml:space="preserve">凡造貴重墨者，</s> <s xml:id="N405B32" xml:space="preserve">國朝推重<lb/>徽郡人，</s> <s xml:id="N405B35" xml:space="preserve">或以載油之艱，</s> <s xml:id="N405B38" xml:space="preserve">遺人僦居荊、</s> <s xml:id="N405B3B" xml:space="preserve">襄、</s> <s xml:id="N405B3E" xml:space="preserve">辰、</s> <s xml:id="N405B41" xml:space="preserve">沅，</s> <s xml:id="N405B44" xml:space="preserve">就其賤值<lb/>桐油點烟而歸。</s> <s xml:id="N405B47" xml:space="preserve">其墨他日登于紙上，</s> <s xml:id="N405B4A" xml:space="preserve">日影橫射有紅光<lb/>者，</s> <s xml:id="N405B4D" xml:space="preserve">則以紫草汁浸染燈心而燃炷者也。</s> <s xml:id="N405B50" xml:space="preserve">凡爇油取烟，</s> <s xml:id="N405B53" xml:space="preserve">每<lb/>油一斤得上烟一兩余。</s> <s xml:id="N405B56" xml:space="preserve">手力捷疾者，</s> <s xml:id="N405B59" xml:space="preserve">一人供事燈盞二<lb/>百付，</s> <s xml:id="N405B5C" xml:space="preserve">若刮取怠緩則烟老，</s> <s xml:id="N405B5F" xml:space="preserve">火燃質料並喪也。</s> <s xml:id="N405B62" xml:space="preserve">其余尋常<lb/>用墨，</s> <s xml:id="N405B65" xml:space="preserve">則先將松樹流去膠香，</s> <s xml:id="N405B68" xml:space="preserve">然後伐木。</s> <s xml:id="N405B6B" xml:space="preserve">凡松香有一毛 <pb facs="X06.01.205B" n="四四b"/> 未淨盡，</s> <s xml:id="N405B71" xml:space="preserve">其烟造墨，</s> <s xml:id="N405B74" xml:space="preserve">終有滓結不解之病，</s> <s xml:id="N405B77" xml:space="preserve">凡松樹流去香，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405B7A" xml:space="preserve">木根鑿一小孔。</s> <s xml:id="N405B7D" xml:space="preserve">炷燈緩炙，</s> <s xml:id="N405B80" xml:space="preserve">則通身膏液就暖傾流而出<lb/>也。</s> <s xml:id="N405B83" xml:space="preserve">凡燒松烟，</s> <s xml:id="N405B86" xml:space="preserve">伐松斬成尺寸，</s> <s xml:id="N405B89" xml:space="preserve">鞠篾爲圓屋如舟中雨篷<lb/>式，</s> <s xml:id="N405B8C" xml:space="preserve">接連十余丈。</s> <s xml:id="N405B8F" xml:space="preserve">內外與接口皆以紙及席糊固完成。</s> <s xml:id="N405B92" xml:space="preserve">隔<lb/>位數節，</s> <s xml:id="N405B95" xml:space="preserve">小孔出烟，</s> <s xml:id="N405B98" xml:space="preserve">其下掩土砌磚先爲通烟道路。</s> <s xml:id="N405B9B" xml:space="preserve">燃薪<lb/>數日，</s> <s xml:id="N405B9E" xml:space="preserve">歇冷入中掃刮。</s> <s xml:id="N405BA1" xml:space="preserve">凡燒松烟，</s> <s xml:id="d036351" xml:space="preserve">放火通烟，</s> <s xml:id="N405BA4" xml:space="preserve">自頭徹尾。</s> <s xml:id="N405BA7" xml:space="preserve">靠<lb/>屬一二節者爲清烟，</s> <s xml:id="N405BAA" xml:space="preserve">取入佳墨爲料。</s> <s xml:id="N405BAD" xml:space="preserve">中節者爲混烟，</s> <s xml:id="N405BB0" xml:space="preserve">取<lb/>爲時墨料。</s> <s xml:id="N405BB3" xml:space="preserve">若近頭一二節，</s> <s xml:id="N405BB6" xml:space="preserve">只刮取爲烟子，</s> <s xml:id="N405BB9" xml:space="preserve">貨賣刷印書<lb/>文家，</s> <s xml:id="N405BBC" xml:space="preserve">仍取研細用之，</s> <s xml:id="N405BBF" xml:space="preserve">其余則供漆工、</s> <s xml:id="N405BC2" xml:space="preserve">堊工之塗玄者。</s> <s xml:id="N405BC5" xml:space="preserve">凡 <pb facs="X06.01.206A" n="四五a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.206A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.206A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.206B" n="四五b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.206B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.206B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.207A" n="四六a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.207A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.207A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.207B" n="四六b"/> 松烟造墨，</s> <s xml:id="N405BCB" xml:space="preserve">入水久浸，</s> <s xml:id="N405BCE" xml:space="preserve">以浮沉分精愨。</s> <s xml:id="N405BD1" xml:space="preserve">其和膠之後，</s> <s xml:id="N405BD4" xml:space="preserve">以搥<lb/>敲多寡分脆堅。</s> <s xml:id="N405BD7" xml:space="preserve">其增入珍料與瀨金、</s> <s xml:id="N405BDA" xml:space="preserve">啣麝，</s> <s xml:id="N405BDD" xml:space="preserve">則松烟、</s> <s xml:id="N405BE0" xml:space="preserve">油烟<lb/>增減聽人。</s> <s xml:id="N405BE3" xml:space="preserve">其余《墨經》、</s> <s xml:id="N405BE6" xml:space="preserve">《墨譜》，</s> <s xml:id="N405BE9" xml:space="preserve">博物者自詳，</s> <s xml:id="N405BEC" xml:space="preserve">此不過粗紀質<lb/>料原因而已。</s> </p> <floatingText> <body> <div type="float" xml:id="d036458"> <figure xml:id="d036460" corresp="fig-X06.01.206A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.206A-01"/> <head xml:id="d036465" xml:space="preserve">燃掃清烟</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d036469" corresp="fig-X06.01.206B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.206B-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d036474" xml:space="preserve">取流<lb/>松液</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d036479" xml:space="preserve">燒取</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d036482" xml:space="preserve">掃取<lb/>粗烟</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d036488" corresp="fig-X06.01.207A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.207A-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d036493" xml:space="preserve">清烟<lb/>在尾</ab> </figure> </div> </body> </floatingText> </div> <div xml:id="d036501" type="section"> <head xml:id="N405BEF" xml:space="preserve">附</head> <list type="gloss" xml:id="d036506"> <label xml:space="preserve" xml:id="N405BF2">胡粉</label> <item xml:id="d036511"> <s xml:id="d036513" xml:space="preserve">至白色，</s> <s xml:id="N405BF5" xml:space="preserve">詳《五金》卷。</s> </item> <label xml:space="preserve" xml:id="N405BF8">黃丹</label> <item xml:id="d036523"> <s xml:id="d036525" xml:space="preserve">紅黃色，</s> <s xml:id="N405BFB" xml:space="preserve">詳《五金》卷。</s> </item> <label xml:space="preserve" xml:id="N405BFE">澱花</label> <item xml:id="d036536"> <s xml:id="d036538" xml:space="preserve">至藍色，</s> <s xml:id="N405C01" xml:space="preserve">詳《彰施》卷。</s> </item> <label xml:space="preserve" xml:id="N405C04">紫粉</label> <item xml:id="d036548"> <s xml:id="d036550" xml:space="preserve">縝紅色，</s> <s xml:id="N405C07" xml:space="preserve">貴重者用胡粉、</s> <s xml:id="N405C0A" xml:space="preserve">銀朱對和，</s> <s xml:id="N405C0D" xml:space="preserve">粗者用染家紅花滓汁爲之。</s> <pb facs="X06.01.208A" n="四七a"/> </item> <label xml:space="preserve" xml:id="N405C12">大青</label> <item xml:id="d036568"> <s xml:id="d036570" xml:space="preserve">至青色，</s> <s xml:id="N405C15" xml:space="preserve">詳《珠玉》卷。</s> </item> <label xml:space="preserve" xml:id="N405C18">銅綠</label> <item xml:id="d036581"> <s xml:id="d036583" xml:space="preserve">至綠色，</s> <s xml:id="N405C1B" xml:space="preserve">黃銅打成板片，</s> <s xml:id="N405C1E" xml:space="preserve">醋塗其上，</s> <s xml:id="N405C21" xml:space="preserve">裹藏糠內，</s> <s xml:id="N405C24" xml:space="preserve">微藉暖火氣，</s> <s xml:id="N405C27" xml:space="preserve">逐日刮取。</s> </item> <label xml:space="preserve" xml:id="N405C2A">石綠</label> <item xml:id="d036608"> <s xml:id="d036610" xml:space="preserve">詳《珠玉》卷。</s> </item> <label xml:space="preserve" xml:id="N405C2D">代赭石</label> <item xml:id="d036617"> <s xml:id="d036619" xml:space="preserve">殷紅色，</s> <s xml:id="N405C30" xml:space="preserve">處處山中有之，</s> <s xml:id="N405C33" xml:space="preserve">以<name type="place" xml:id="N405C33-01">代郡</name>者爲最佳。</s> </item> <label xml:space="preserve" xml:id="N405C36">石黃</label> <item xml:id="d036636"> <s xml:id="d036638" xml:space="preserve">中黃色，</s> <s xml:id="N405C39" xml:space="preserve">外紫色，</s> <s xml:id="N405C3C" xml:space="preserve">石皮內黃，</s> <s xml:id="N405C3F" xml:space="preserve">一名石中黃子。</s> </item> </list> <pb facs="X06.01.208B" n="四七b"/> <pb facs="X06.01.209A" n="四八a"/> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d036658" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N405C42" xml:space="preserve">曲蘗第十七卷</head> <p xml:id="d036663"> <s xml:id="N405C47" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N405C4A" xml:space="preserve">獄訟日繁，</s> <s xml:id="N405C4D" xml:space="preserve">酒流生禍，</s> <s xml:id="N405C50" xml:space="preserve">其源則何辜！</s> <s xml:id="N405C53" xml:space="preserve">祀天追遠，</s> <s xml:id="N405C56" xml:space="preserve">沉<lb/>吟《商頌》、</s> <s xml:id="N405C59" xml:space="preserve">《周雅》之間，</s> <s xml:id="N405C5C" xml:space="preserve">若作酒醴之資曲蘗也，</s> <s xml:id="N405C5F" xml:space="preserve">殞聖作而明<lb/>述矣。</s> <s xml:id="N405C62" xml:space="preserve">惟是五谷菁華變幻，</s> <s xml:id="N405C65" xml:space="preserve">得水而凝，</s> <s xml:id="N405C68" xml:space="preserve">感風而化，</s> <s xml:id="N405C6B" xml:space="preserve">供用岐<lb/>黃者神其名，</s> <s xml:id="N405C6E" xml:space="preserve">而堅固食羞者丹其色。</s> <s xml:id="N405C71" xml:space="preserve">君臣自古配合日<lb/>新，</s> <s xml:id="N405C74" xml:space="preserve">眉壽介而宿痼怯，</s> <s xml:id="N405C77" xml:space="preserve">其功不可殫述。</s> <s xml:id="N405C7A" xml:space="preserve">自非炎黃作祖、</s> <s xml:id="N405C7D" xml:space="preserve">末<lb/>流聰明，</s> <s xml:id="N405C80" xml:space="preserve">烏能竟其方術哉。</s> </p> <div xml:id="d036739" type="section"> <head xml:id="N405C83" xml:space="preserve">酒母</head> <p xml:id="d036744"> <s xml:id="N405C86" xml:space="preserve">凡釀酒必資曲藥成信。</s> <s xml:id="N405C89" xml:space="preserve">無曲即佳米珍黍，</s> <s xml:id="N405C8C" xml:space="preserve">空造不成。</s> <s xml:id="N405C8F" xml:space="preserve">古 <pb facs="X06.01.209B" n="四八b"/> 來曲造酒，</s> <s xml:id="N405C95" xml:space="preserve">蘗造醴，</s> <s xml:id="N405C98" xml:space="preserve">後世厭醴味薄，</s> <s xml:id="N405C9B" xml:space="preserve">遂于失傳，</s> <s xml:id="N405C9E" xml:space="preserve">則並蘗法<lb/>亦亡。</s> <s xml:id="N405CA1" xml:space="preserve">凡曲，</s> <s xml:id="N405CA4" xml:space="preserve">麥、</s> <s xml:id="N405CA7" xml:space="preserve">米、</s> <s xml:id="N405CAA" xml:space="preserve">面隨方土造，</s> <s xml:id="N405CAD" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405CAD-01">南</name><name type="place" xml:id="N405CAD-02">北</name>不同，</s> <s xml:id="N405CB0" xml:space="preserve">其義則一。</s> <s xml:id="N405CB3" xml:space="preserve">凡麥<lb/>曲，</s> <s xml:id="N405CB6" xml:space="preserve">大、</s> <s xml:id="N405CB9" xml:space="preserve">小麥皆可用。</s> <s xml:id="N405CBC" xml:space="preserve">造者將麥連皮，</s> <s xml:id="N405CBF" xml:space="preserve">井水淘淨，</s> <s xml:id="N405CC2" xml:space="preserve">曬幹，</s> <s xml:id="N405CC5" xml:space="preserve">時宜<lb/>盛暑天。</s> <s xml:id="N405CC8" xml:space="preserve">磨碎，</s> <s xml:id="N405CCB" xml:space="preserve">即以淘麥水和作塊，</s> <s xml:id="N405CCE" xml:space="preserve">用楮葉包扎，</s> <s xml:id="N405CD1" xml:space="preserve">懸風處，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405CD4" xml:space="preserve">或用稻秸罨黃，</s> <s xml:id="N405CD7" xml:space="preserve">經四十九日取用。</s> <s xml:id="N405CDA" xml:space="preserve">造面曲用白面五斤、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405CDD" xml:space="preserve">黃豆五升，</s> <s xml:id="N405CE0" xml:space="preserve">以蓼汁煮爛，</s> <s xml:id="N405CE3" xml:space="preserve">再用辣蓼末五兩、</s> <s xml:id="N405CE6" xml:space="preserve">杏仁泥十兩<lb/>和踏成餅，</s> <s xml:id="N405CE9" xml:space="preserve">楮葉包懸與稻秸罨黃，</s> <s xml:id="N405CEC" xml:space="preserve">法亦同前。</s> <s xml:id="N405CEF" xml:space="preserve">其用糯米<lb/>粉與自然蓼汁溲和成餅，</s> <s xml:id="N405CF2" xml:space="preserve">生黃收用者，</s> <s xml:id="N405CF5" xml:space="preserve">罨法與時日，</s> <s xml:id="N405CF8" xml:space="preserve">亦<lb/>無不同也。</s> <s xml:id="N405CFB" xml:space="preserve">其入諸般君臣與草藥，</s> <s xml:id="N405CFE" xml:space="preserve">少者粉味，</s> <s xml:id="N405D01" xml:space="preserve">多者百味，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.210A" n="四九a"/> <s xml:id="N405D06" xml:space="preserve">則各土各法，</s> <s xml:id="N405D09" xml:space="preserve">亦不可殫述。</s> <s xml:id="N405D0C" xml:space="preserve">近代<name type="place" xml:id="N405D0C-01">燕京</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N405D0F" xml:space="preserve">則以蓄苡仁爲君，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405D12" xml:space="preserve">入曲造薏酒。</s> <s xml:id="N405D15" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405D15-01">浙</name>中<name type="place" xml:id="N405D15-02">寧</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N405D18" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405D18-01">紹</name>則以綠豆爲君，</s> <s xml:id="N405D1B" xml:space="preserve">入曲造豆酒，</s> <s xml:id="N405D1E" xml:space="preserve">二<lb/>酒頗擅天下佳雄。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d036939"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N405D21" xml:space="preserve">別載《酒經》。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N405D24" xml:space="preserve">凡造酒母家，</s> <s xml:id="N405D27" xml:space="preserve">生黃未足，</s> <s xml:id="N405D2A" xml:space="preserve">視候不<lb/>勤，</s> <s xml:id="N405D2D" xml:space="preserve">盥拭不潔，</s> <s xml:id="N405D30" xml:space="preserve">則疵藥數丸動輒敗人石米，</s> <s xml:id="N405D33" xml:space="preserve">故市曲之家<lb/>必信著名聞，</s> <s xml:id="N405D36" xml:space="preserve">而後不負釀者。</s> <s xml:id="N405D39" xml:space="preserve">凡<name type="place" xml:id="N405D39-01">燕</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N405D3C" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405D3C-01">齊</name>黃酒曲藥，</s> <s xml:id="N405D3F" xml:space="preserve">多從<name type="place" xml:id="N405D3F-01">淮<lb/>郡</name>造成，</s> <s xml:id="N405D42" xml:space="preserve">載于舟車<name type="place" xml:id="N405D42-01">北市</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N405D45" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405D45-01">南方</name>曲酒，</s> <s xml:id="N405D48" xml:space="preserve">釀出即成紅色者，</s> <s xml:id="N405D4B" xml:space="preserve">用<lb/>曲與<name type="place" xml:id="N405D4B-01">淮郡</name>所造相同，</s> <s xml:id="N405D4E" xml:space="preserve">統名大曲。</s> <s xml:id="N405D51" xml:space="preserve">但淮郡市者打成轉片，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405D54" xml:space="preserve">而南方則用餅團。</s> <s xml:id="N405D57" xml:space="preserve">其曲一味，</s> <s xml:id="N405D5A" xml:space="preserve">蓼身爲氣脈，</s> <s xml:id="N405D5D" xml:space="preserve">而米、</s> <s xml:id="N405D60" xml:space="preserve">麥爲質<lb/>料，</s> <s xml:id="N405D63" xml:space="preserve">但必用已成曲、</s> <s xml:id="N405D66" xml:space="preserve">酒糟爲媒合。</s> <s xml:id="N405D69" xml:space="preserve">此糟不知相承起自何 <pb facs="X06.01.210B" n="四九b"/> 代，</s> <s xml:id="N405D6F" xml:space="preserve">猶之燒礬之必用舊礬滓云。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d037063" type="section"> <head xml:id="N405D72" xml:space="preserve">神麴</head> <p xml:id="d037068"> <s xml:id="N405D75" xml:space="preserve">凡造神麴所以入藥，</s> <s xml:id="N405D78" xml:space="preserve">乃醫家別于酒母者。</s> <s xml:id="N405D7B" xml:space="preserve">法起唐時，</s> <s xml:id="N405D7E" xml:space="preserve">其<lb/>曲不通釀用也。</s> <s xml:id="N405D81" xml:space="preserve">造者專用白面，</s> <s xml:id="N405D84" xml:space="preserve">每百斤入青蒿自然汁、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405D87" xml:space="preserve">馬蓼、</s> <s xml:id="N405D8A" xml:space="preserve">蒼耳自然汁相和作餅，</s> <s xml:id="N405D8D" xml:space="preserve">麻順或楮葉包罨如造醬<lb/>黃法。</s> <s xml:id="N405D90" xml:space="preserve">待生黃衣，</s> <s xml:id="N405D93" xml:space="preserve">即曬收之。</s> <s xml:id="N405D96" xml:space="preserve">其用他藥配合，</s> <s xml:id="N405D99" xml:space="preserve">則聽好醫者<lb/>增入，</s> <s xml:id="N405D9C" xml:space="preserve">苦無定方也。</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="d037123" type="section"> <head xml:id="N405D9F" xml:space="preserve">丹曲</head> <p xml:id="d037128"> <s xml:id="N405DA2" xml:space="preserve">凡丹曲一種，</s> <s xml:id="N405DA5" xml:space="preserve">法出近代。</s> <s xml:id="N405DA8" xml:space="preserve">其義臭腐神奇，</s> <s xml:id="N405DAB" xml:space="preserve">其法氣精變化。</s> <pb facs="X06.01.211A" n="五十a"/> <s xml:id="N405DB0" xml:space="preserve">世間魚肉最朽腐物，</s> <s xml:id="N405DB3" xml:space="preserve">而此物薄施塗抹，</s> <s xml:id="N405DB6" xml:space="preserve">能固其質于炎<lb/>暑之中，</s> <s xml:id="N405DB9" xml:space="preserve">經歷旬日明蠅不也近，</s> <s xml:id="N405DBC" xml:space="preserve">色味不離初，</s> <s xml:id="N405DBF" xml:space="preserve">盖奇藥也。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405DC2" xml:space="preserve">凡造法用秈稻米，</s> <s xml:id="N405DC5" xml:space="preserve">不拘早晚。</s> <s xml:id="N405DC8" xml:space="preserve">舂杵極其精細，</s> <s xml:id="N405DCB" xml:space="preserve">水浸一七<lb/>日，</s> <s xml:id="N405DCE" xml:space="preserve">其氣臭惡不可聞，</s> <s xml:id="N405DD1" xml:space="preserve">則取入長流河水漂淨。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d037188"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N405DD4" xml:space="preserve">必用山河流水，</s> <s xml:id="N405DD7" xml:space="preserve">大江<lb/>者不可用。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N405DDA" xml:space="preserve">漂後惡臭猶不可解，</s> <s xml:id="N405DDD" xml:space="preserve">入甑蒸飯則轉成香氣，</s> <s xml:id="N405DE0" xml:space="preserve">其香<lb/>芬甚。</s> <s xml:id="N405DE3" xml:space="preserve">凡蒸此米成飯，</s> <s xml:id="N405DE6" xml:space="preserve">初一蒸半生即止，</s> <s xml:id="N405DE9" xml:space="preserve">不及其熟。</s> <s xml:id="N405DEC" xml:space="preserve">出離<lb/>釜中，</s> <s xml:id="N405DEF" xml:space="preserve">以冷水一沃，</s> <s xml:id="N405DF2" xml:space="preserve">氣冷再蒸，</s> <s xml:id="N405DF5" xml:space="preserve">則令極熟矣。</s> <s xml:id="N405DF8" xml:space="preserve">熟後，</s> <s xml:id="N405DFB" xml:space="preserve">數石共<lb/>積一堆拌信。</s> <s xml:id="N405DFE" xml:space="preserve">凡曲信必用絕佳紅酒糟爲料，</s> <s xml:id="N405E01" xml:space="preserve">每糟一斗<lb/>入馬蓼自然汁三升，</s> <s xml:id="N405E04" xml:space="preserve">明礬水和化。</s> <s xml:id="N405E07" xml:space="preserve">每曲飯一石入信二 <pb facs="X06.01.211B" n="五十b"/> 斤，</s> <s xml:id="N405E0D" xml:space="preserve">乘飯熱時，</s> <s xml:id="N405E10" xml:space="preserve">數人捷手拌勻，</s> <s xml:id="N405E13" xml:space="preserve">初熱拌至冷。</s> <s xml:id="N405E16" xml:space="preserve">候視曲信入<lb/>飯，</s> <s xml:id="N405E19" xml:space="preserve">久複微溫，</s> <s xml:id="N405E1C" xml:space="preserve">則信至矣。</s> <s xml:id="N405E1F" xml:space="preserve">凡飯拌信後，</s> <s xml:id="N405E22" xml:space="preserve">傾入蘿內，</s> <s xml:id="N405E25" xml:space="preserve">過礬水<lb/>一次，</s> <s xml:id="N405E28" xml:space="preserve">然後分散入篾盤，</s> <s xml:id="N405E2B" xml:space="preserve">登架乘風。</s> <s xml:id="N405E2E" xml:space="preserve">後此風力爲政，</s> <s xml:id="N405E31" xml:space="preserve">水火<lb/>無功。</s> <s xml:id="N405E34" xml:space="preserve">凡曲飯入盤，</s> <s xml:id="N405E37" xml:space="preserve">每盤約載五升。</s> <s xml:id="N405E3A" xml:space="preserve">其屋室宜高大，</s> <s xml:id="N405E3D" xml:space="preserve">防瓦<lb/>上暑氣侵逼。</s> <s xml:id="N405E40" xml:space="preserve">室面宜向南，</s> <s xml:id="N405E43" xml:space="preserve">防西曬。</s> <s xml:id="N405E46" xml:space="preserve">一個時中翻拌約三<lb/>次。</s> <s xml:id="N405E49" xml:space="preserve">候視者七日之中，</s> <s xml:id="N405E4C" xml:space="preserve">即坐臥盤架之下，</s> <s xml:id="N405E4F" xml:space="preserve">眠不敢安，</s> <s xml:id="N405E52" xml:space="preserve">中宵<lb/>數起。</s> <s xml:id="N405E55" xml:space="preserve">其初時雪白色，</s> <s xml:id="N405E58" xml:space="preserve">經一二日成至黑色，</s> <s xml:id="N405E5B" xml:space="preserve">黑轉褐，</s> <s xml:id="N405E5E" xml:space="preserve">褐轉<lb/>代赭，</s> <s xml:id="N405E61" xml:space="preserve">赭轉紅，</s> <s xml:id="N405E64" xml:space="preserve">紅極複轉微黃。</s> <s xml:id="N405E67" xml:space="preserve">目擊風中變幻，</s> <s xml:id="N405E6A" xml:space="preserve">名曰生黃<lb/>曲，</s> <s xml:id="N405E6D" xml:space="preserve">則其價與人物之力皆倍于凡曲也。</s> <s xml:id="N405E70" xml:space="preserve">凡黑色轉褐</s> <s xml:id="N405E73" xml:space="preserve">褐 <pb facs="X06.01.212A" n="五一a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.212A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.212A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.212B" n="五一b"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.212B-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.212B-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.213A" n="五二a"/> <ptr xml:id="fig-X06.01.213A-01a" corresp="fig-X06.01.213A-01" type="figureAnchor"/> <pb facs="X06.01.213B" n="五二b"/> 轉紅，</s> <s xml:id="N405E79" xml:space="preserve">皆過水一度。</s> <s xml:id="N405E7C" xml:space="preserve">紅則不複入水。</s> <s xml:id="N405E7F" xml:space="preserve">凡造此物，</s> <s xml:id="N405E82" xml:space="preserve">曲工盥手<lb/>與洗淨盤簟，</s> <s xml:id="N405E85" xml:space="preserve">皆令極潔。</s> <s xml:id="N405E88" xml:space="preserve">一毫滓穢，</s> <s xml:id="N405E8B" xml:space="preserve">則敗乃事也。</s> </p> <floatingText> <body> <div type="float" xml:id="d037436"> <figure xml:id="d037438" corresp="fig-X06.01.212A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.212A-01"/> <head xml:id="d037443" xml:space="preserve">長流漂米</head> </figure> <figure xml:id="d037447" corresp="fig-X06.01.212B-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.212B-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d037452" xml:space="preserve">涼風</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d037455" xml:space="preserve">柈信成攻</ab> </figure> <figure xml:id="d037459" corresp="fig-X06.01.213A-01a"> <graphic url="X06.01.213A-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d037464" xml:space="preserve">吹變</ab> </figure> </div> </body> </floatingText> <pb facs="X06.01.214A" n="五三a"/> </div> </div> <div xml:id="d037474" type="chapter"> <head xml:id="N405E8E" xml:space="preserve">珠玉第十八</head> <p xml:id="d037479"> <s xml:id="N405E93" xml:space="preserve">宋子曰：</s> <s xml:id="N405E96" xml:space="preserve">玉韞山輝，</s> <s xml:id="N405E99" xml:space="preserve">珠涵水媚，</s> <s xml:id="N405E9C" xml:space="preserve">此理誠然乎哉，</s> <s xml:id="N405E9F" xml:space="preserve">抑意逆之<lb/>說也？</s> <s xml:id="N405EA2" xml:space="preserve">大凡天地生物，</s> <s xml:id="N405EA5" xml:space="preserve">光明者昏濁之反，</s> <s xml:id="N405EA8" xml:space="preserve">滋潤者枯澀之<lb/>仇，</s> <s xml:id="N405EAB" xml:space="preserve">貴在此則賤在彼矣。</s> <s xml:id="N405EAE" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405EAE-01">合浦</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N405EB1" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405EB1-01">于闐</name>行程相去二萬里，</s> <s xml:id="N405EB4" xml:space="preserve">珠<lb/>雄于此，</s> <s xml:id="N405EB7" xml:space="preserve">玉峙于彼，</s> <s xml:id="N405EBA" xml:space="preserve">無脛而來，</s> <s xml:id="N405EBD" xml:space="preserve">以寵愛人寰之中，</s> <s xml:id="N405EC0" xml:space="preserve">而輝煌<lb/>廊廟之上，</s> <s xml:id="N405EC3" xml:space="preserve">使中華無端寶藏折節而推上坐焉。</s> <s xml:id="N405EC6" xml:space="preserve">豈<name type="place" xml:id="N405EC6-01">中國</name><lb/>輝山、</s> <s xml:id="N405EC9" xml:space="preserve">媚水者，</s> <s xml:id="N405ECC" xml:space="preserve">萃在人身，</s> <s xml:id="N405ECF" xml:space="preserve">而天地莆華止有此數哉？</s> </p> <div xml:id="d037564" type="section"> <head xml:id="N405ED2" xml:space="preserve">珠</head> <p xml:id="d037569"> <s xml:id="N405ED5" xml:space="preserve">凡珍珠必產蚌腹，</s> <s xml:id="N405ED8" xml:space="preserve">映月成胎，</s> <s xml:id="N405EDB" xml:space="preserve">經年最久，</s> <s xml:id="N405EDE" xml:space="preserve">乃爲至寶。</s> <s xml:id="N405EE1" xml:space="preserve">其云 <pb facs="X06.01.214B" n="五三b"/> 蛇腹、</s> <s xml:id="N405EE7" xml:space="preserve">龍頷、</s> <s xml:id="N405EEA" xml:space="preserve">鮫皮有珠者，</s> <s xml:id="N405EED" xml:space="preserve">妄也。</s> <s xml:id="N405EF0" xml:space="preserve">凡<name type="place" xml:id="N405EF0-01">中國</name>珠必產<name type="place" xml:id="N405EF0-02">雷</name>、</s> <s xml:id="N405EF3" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405EF3-01">廉</name>二池。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405EF6" xml:space="preserve">三代以前，</s> <s xml:id="N405EF9" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405EF9-01">淮揚</name>亦<name type="place" xml:id="N405EF9-02">南國</name>地，</s> <s xml:id="N405EFC" xml:space="preserve">得珠稍近《禹貢》“<name type="place" xml:id="N405EFC-01">淮夷</name>蠙珠”，</s> <s xml:id="N405EFF" xml:space="preserve">或<lb/>後互市便，</s> <s xml:id="N405F02" xml:space="preserve">非必責其土產也。</s> <s xml:id="N405F05" xml:space="preserve">金彩<name type="place" xml:id="N405F05-01">蒲里路</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N405F08" xml:space="preserve">元採<name type="place" xml:id="N405F08-01">楊村</name>直<lb/>沽口，</s> <s xml:id="N405F0B" xml:space="preserve">皆傳記相承之妄，</s> <s xml:id="N405F0E" xml:space="preserve">何嘗得珠。</s> <s xml:id="N405F11" xml:space="preserve">至元忽<name type="place" xml:id="N405F11-01">呂古江</name>出珠，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405F14" xml:space="preserve">則夷地，</s> <s xml:id="N405F17" xml:space="preserve">非<name type="place" xml:id="N405F17-01">中國</name>也。</s> <s xml:id="N405F1A" xml:space="preserve">凡蚌孕珠，</s> <s xml:id="N405F1D" xml:space="preserve">乃無質而生質。</s> <s xml:id="N405F20" xml:space="preserve">他物形水<lb/>而居水族者，</s> <s xml:id="N405F23" xml:space="preserve">吞噬弘多，</s> <s xml:id="N405F26" xml:space="preserve">壽以下永。</s> <s xml:id="N405F29" xml:space="preserve">蚌則環包堅甲，</s> <s xml:id="N405F2C" xml:space="preserve">無隙<lb/>可投，</s> <s xml:id="N405F2F" xml:space="preserve">即吞腹，</s> <s xml:id="N405F32" xml:space="preserve">囫圇不能消化，</s> <s xml:id="N405F35" xml:space="preserve">故獨得百年千年，</s> <s xml:id="N405F38" xml:space="preserve">成就無<lb/>價之寶也。</s> <s xml:id="N405F3B" xml:space="preserve">凡蚌孕珠，</s> <s xml:id="N405F3E" xml:space="preserve">即千仞水底，</s> <s xml:id="N405F41" xml:space="preserve">一逢圓水中天，</s> <s xml:id="N405F44" xml:space="preserve">即開<lb/>甲仰照，</s> <s xml:id="N405F47" xml:space="preserve">取月精以成其魄。</s> <s xml:id="N405F4A" xml:space="preserve">中秋月明，</s> <s xml:id="N405F4D" xml:space="preserve">則老蚌猶喜甚。</s> <s xml:id="N405F50" xml:space="preserve">若 <pb facs="X06.01.215A" n="五四a"/> 徹曉無雲，</s> <s xml:id="N405F56" xml:space="preserve">則隨月東升西沒，</s> <s xml:id="N405F59" xml:space="preserve">轉側其身而映照之。</s> <s xml:id="N405F5C" xml:space="preserve">他海<lb/>濱無珠者，</s> <s xml:id="N405F5F" xml:space="preserve">潮汐震撼，</s> <s xml:id="N405F62" xml:space="preserve">蚌無安身靜存之地也。</s> <s xml:id="N405F65" xml:space="preserve">凡<name type="place" xml:id="N405F65-01">廉州池</name><lb/>自<name type="place" xml:id="N405F65-02">烏泥</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N405F68" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405F68-01">獨攬沙</name>至于<name type="place" xml:id="N405F68-02">青鶯</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N405F6B" xml:space="preserve">可百八十里。</s> <s xml:id="N405F6E" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N405F6E-01">雷州池</name>自對樂<lb/>島斜望<name type="place" xml:id="N405F6E-02">石城</name>界，</s> <s xml:id="N405F71" xml:space="preserve">可百五十里，</s> <s xml:id="N405F74" xml:space="preserve">蜑戶採珠每歲必以三月，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405F77" xml:space="preserve">時牲殺祭海神，</s> <s xml:id="N405F7A" xml:space="preserve">極其虔敬。</s> <s xml:id="N405F7D" xml:space="preserve">蜑戶生啖海腥，</s> <s xml:id="N405F80" xml:space="preserve">入水能視水<lb/>色，</s> <s xml:id="N405F83" xml:space="preserve">知咬龍所在，</s> <s xml:id="N405F86" xml:space="preserve">則不敢侵犯。</s> <s xml:id="N405F89" xml:space="preserve">凡採珠舶，</s> <s xml:id="N405F8C" xml:space="preserve">其制視他舟橫<lb/>闊而圓，</s> <s xml:id="N405F8F" xml:space="preserve">多載草薦于上。</s> <s xml:id="N405F92" xml:space="preserve">經過水漩，</s> <s xml:id="N405F95" xml:space="preserve">則擲薦投之，</s> <s xml:id="N405F98" xml:space="preserve">舟乃無<lb/>恙。</s> <s xml:id="N405F9B" xml:space="preserve">舟中以長繩系沒人腰，</s> <s xml:id="N405F9E" xml:space="preserve">攜藍投水。</s> <s xml:id="N405FA1" xml:space="preserve">凡沒人以錫造彎<lb/>環空管，</s> <s xml:id="N405FA4" xml:space="preserve">其本缺處對掩沒人口鼻，</s> <s xml:id="N405FA7" xml:space="preserve">令舒透呼吸于中，</s> <s xml:id="N405FAA" xml:space="preserve">別 <pb facs="X06.01.215B" n="五四b"/> 以熟皮包絡耳項之際。</s> <s xml:id="N405FB0" xml:space="preserve">極深者至四五百尺，</s> <s xml:id="N405FB3" xml:space="preserve">拾蚌籃中。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405FB6" xml:space="preserve">氣逼則撼繩，</s> <s xml:id="N405FB9" xml:space="preserve">其上急提引上，</s> <s xml:id="N405FBC" xml:space="preserve">無命者命葬魚腹。</s> <s xml:id="N405FBF" xml:space="preserve">凡沒人<lb/>出水，</s> <s xml:id="N405FC2" xml:space="preserve">煮熱毳急覆之。</s> <s xml:id="N405FC5" xml:space="preserve">緩則寒粟死。</s> <s xml:id="N405FC8" xml:space="preserve">宋朝李招討設法以<lb/>鐵爲耩，</s> <s xml:id="N405FCB" xml:space="preserve">最後木柱扳口，</s> <s xml:id="N405FCE" xml:space="preserve">兩角墜石，</s> <s xml:id="N405FD1" xml:space="preserve">用麻繩作兜如囊狀。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405FD4" xml:space="preserve">繩系舶兩傍，</s> <s xml:id="N405FD7" xml:space="preserve">乘風揚帆而兜取之，</s> <s xml:id="N405FDA" xml:space="preserve">然亦有漂溺之患。</s> <s xml:id="N405FDD" xml:space="preserve">今<lb/>蜑戶兩法並用之。</s> <s xml:id="N405FE0" xml:space="preserve">凡珠在蚌，</s> <s xml:id="N405FE3" xml:space="preserve">如玉在璞。</s> <s xml:id="N405FE6" xml:space="preserve">初不識其貴賤，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N405FE9" xml:space="preserve">部取而誤之。</s> <s xml:id="N405FEC" xml:space="preserve">自五分至一寸五分經者爲大品。</s> <s xml:id="N405FEF" xml:space="preserve">小平似<lb/>覆釜，</s> <s xml:id="N405FF2" xml:space="preserve">一邊光彩微似鍍金者，</s> <s xml:id="N405FF5" xml:space="preserve">此名璫珠，</s> <s xml:id="N405FF8" xml:space="preserve">其值一顆千金<lb/>矣。</s> <s xml:id="N405FFB" xml:space="preserve">古來“明月”、</s> <s xml:id="N406001" xml:space="preserve">“夜光”，</s> <s xml:id="N406004" xml:space="preserve">即此便是。</s> <s xml:id="N406007" xml:space="preserve">自晝明明，</s> <s xml:id="N40600A" xml:space="preserve">簷下看有光一 <pb facs="X06.01.216A" n="五五a"/> 線閃爍不定，</s> <s xml:id="N406010" xml:space="preserve">“夜光”乃其美號，</s> <s xml:id="N406013" xml:space="preserve">非真有昏夜放光之珠也。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N406016" xml:space="preserve">次則走珠，</s> <s xml:id="N406019" xml:space="preserve">置平底盤中，</s> <s xml:id="N40601C" xml:space="preserve">圓轉無定歇，</s> <s xml:id="N40601F" xml:space="preserve">價亦與璫珠相仿。<lb/></s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d038001"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N406022" xml:space="preserve">化者之身受含粒，</s> <s xml:id="N406025" xml:space="preserve">則不複朽壞，</s> <s xml:id="N406028" xml:space="preserve">故帝王之家重價購此。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40602B" xml:space="preserve">次則滑珠，</s> <s xml:id="N40602E" xml:space="preserve">色光而形不甚<lb/>圓。</s> <s xml:id="N406031" xml:space="preserve">次則螺蛓珠，</s> <s xml:id="N406034" xml:space="preserve">次官雨珠，</s> <s xml:id="N406037" xml:space="preserve">次稅珠，</s> <s xml:id="N40603A" xml:space="preserve">次蔥符珠。</s> <s xml:id="N40603D" xml:space="preserve">幼珠如粱<lb/>粟，</s> <s xml:id="N406040" xml:space="preserve">常珠如豌豆。</s> <s xml:id="N406043" xml:space="preserve">琕而碎者曰璣。</s> <s xml:id="N406046" xml:space="preserve">自夜光至于碎璣，</s> <s xml:id="N406049" xml:space="preserve">譬均<lb/>一人身而王公至于氓隸也。</s> <s xml:id="N40604C" xml:space="preserve">凡珠生止有此數，</s> <s xml:id="N40604F" xml:space="preserve">採取太<lb/>頻，</s> <s xml:id="N406052" xml:space="preserve">則其生不繼。</s> <s xml:id="N406055" xml:space="preserve">經數十年不採，</s> <s xml:id="N406058" xml:space="preserve">則蚌乃安其身，</s> <s xml:id="N40605B" xml:space="preserve">繁其子<lb/>孫而廣孕寶質。</s> <s xml:id="N40605E" xml:space="preserve">所謂珠徙珠還，</s> <s xml:id="N406061" xml:space="preserve">此煞定死譜，</s> <s xml:id="N406064" xml:space="preserve">非真有清<lb/>官感召也。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d038097"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N406067" xml:space="preserve">我朝弘治中，</s> <s xml:id="N40606A" xml:space="preserve">一採複二萬八千兩。</s> <s xml:id="N40606D" xml:space="preserve">萬歷中，</s> <s xml:id="N406070" xml:space="preserve">一採止得三千兩，</s> <s xml:id="N406073" xml:space="preserve">不償所費。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.216B" n="五五b"/> <figure xml:id="d038127"> <graphic url="X06.01.216B-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d038132" xml:space="preserve">沒水棶</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.217A" n="五六a"/> <figure xml:id="d038139"> <graphic url="X06.01.217A-01"/> <head xml:id="d038144" xml:space="preserve">珠船</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d038147" xml:space="preserve">擲薦<lb/>禦湤</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.217B" n="五六b"/> <figure xml:id="d038155"> <graphic url="X06.01.217B-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d038160" xml:space="preserve">揚帆棶珠</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.218A" n="五七a"/> <figure xml:id="d038166"> <graphic url="X06.01.218A-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d038171" xml:space="preserve">竹笆沉底</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.218B" n="五七b"/> </div> <div xml:id="d038178" type="section"> <head xml:id="N406078" xml:space="preserve">寶</head> <p xml:id="d038183"> <s xml:id="N40607B" xml:space="preserve">凡寶石皆出井<name type="place" xml:id="N40607B-01">中</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N40607E" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40607E-01">西番</name>諸域最盛，</s> <s xml:id="N406081" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N406081-01">中國</name>惟出<name type="place" xml:id="N406081-02">雲南</name><name type="place" xml:id="N406081-03">金齒<lb/>衛</name>與<name type="place" xml:id="N406081-05">麗江</name>兩處。</s> <s xml:id="N406084" xml:space="preserve">凡寶石自大至小，</s> <s xml:id="N406087" xml:space="preserve">皆有石床包其外，</s> <s xml:id="N40608A" xml:space="preserve">如<lb/>玉之有璞。</s> <s xml:id="N40608D" xml:space="preserve">金銀必積土其上，</s> <s xml:id="N406090" xml:space="preserve">韞結乃成，</s> <s xml:id="N406093" xml:space="preserve">而寶則不然，</s> <s xml:id="N406096" xml:space="preserve">從<lb/>井底直透上空，</s> <s xml:id="N406099" xml:space="preserve">取日精月華之氣而就，</s> <s xml:id="N40609C" xml:space="preserve">故生質有光明。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40609F" xml:space="preserve">如玉產峻湍，</s> <s xml:id="N4060A2" xml:space="preserve">珠孕水底，</s> <s xml:id="N4060A5" xml:space="preserve">其義一也。</s> <s xml:id="N4060A8" xml:space="preserve">凡產定之井即極深<lb/>無水，</s> <s xml:id="N4060AB" xml:space="preserve">此乾坤派設機關。</s> <s xml:id="N4060AE" xml:space="preserve">但其中寶氣如霧，</s> <s xml:id="N4060B1" xml:space="preserve">氤氳井中，</s> <s xml:id="N4060B4" xml:space="preserve">人<lb/>久食其氣多致死。</s> <s xml:id="N4060B7" xml:space="preserve">故採寶之人，</s> <s xml:id="N4060BA" xml:space="preserve">或結十數爲群，</s> <s xml:id="N4060BD" xml:space="preserve">入井者<lb/>得其半，</s> <s xml:id="N4060C0" xml:space="preserve">百井上從人共得其半也。</s> <s xml:id="N4060C3" xml:space="preserve">下吉人以長繩系腰，</s> <pb facs="X06.01.219A" n="五八a"/> <s xml:id="N4060C8" xml:space="preserve">腰帶叉口袋兩條，</s> <s xml:id="N4060CB" xml:space="preserve">及泉近寳石，</s> <s xml:id="N4060CE" xml:space="preserve">隨手疾拾入袋。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d038304"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4060D1" xml:space="preserve">寶井內不容蛇<lb/>蟲。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4060D4" xml:space="preserve">腰帶一巨鈴，</s> <s xml:id="N4060D7" xml:space="preserve">寶氣逼不得過，</s> <s xml:id="N4060DA" xml:space="preserve">是急搖其鈴，</s> <s xml:id="N4060DD" xml:space="preserve">井上人引<lb/>緪提上，</s> <s xml:id="N4060E0" xml:space="preserve">其人即無恙，</s> <s xml:id="N4060E3" xml:space="preserve">然已昏瞢。</s> <s xml:id="N4060E6" xml:space="preserve">止與白滾湯入口解散，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="d038345" xml:space="preserve">二日之內不得進食糧，</s> <s xml:id="d038348" xml:space="preserve">然後調理平復。</s> <s xml:id="d038351" xml:space="preserve">其袋內石，</s> <s xml:id="d038354" xml:space="preserve">大者<lb/>入碗，</s> <s xml:id="N4060E9" xml:space="preserve">中者如拳，</s> <s xml:id="N4060EC" xml:space="preserve">小者如豆，</s> <s xml:id="N4060EF" xml:space="preserve">總不曉其中何等色。</s> <s xml:id="N4060F2" xml:space="preserve">付與琢<lb/>工鑢錯解開，</s> <s xml:id="N4060F5" xml:space="preserve">然後知其爲何等色也。</s> <s xml:id="N4060F8" xml:space="preserve">屬紅黃種類者，</s> <s xml:id="N4060FB" xml:space="preserve">爲<lb/>貓精、</s> <s xml:id="N4060FE" xml:space="preserve">靺羯芽、</s> <s xml:id="N406101" xml:space="preserve">星漢砂、</s> <s xml:id="N406104" xml:space="preserve">琥珀、</s> <s xml:id="N406107" xml:space="preserve">木難、</s> <s xml:id="N40610A" xml:space="preserve">酒黃、</s> <s xml:id="N40610D" xml:space="preserve">喇子。</s> <s xml:id="N406110" xml:space="preserve">貓精黃而微<lb/>帶紅。</s> <s xml:id="N406113" xml:space="preserve">琥珀最貴者名曰瑿</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d038415"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d038420" xml:space="preserve">音依，</s> <s xml:id="N406116" xml:space="preserve">此值黃金五倍價，</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N406119" xml:space="preserve">紅而微帶黑，</s> <s xml:id="N40611C" xml:space="preserve">然<lb/>晝見則黑，</s> <s xml:id="N40611F" xml:space="preserve">燈光下則紅甚也。</s> <s xml:id="N406122" xml:space="preserve">木難純黃色，</s> <s xml:id="N406125" xml:space="preserve">喇子純紅。</s> <s xml:id="N406128" xml:space="preserve">前 <pb facs="X06.01.219B" n="五八b"/> 代何妄人，</s> <s xml:id="N40612E" xml:space="preserve">于松樹注茯苓，</s> <s xml:id="N406131" xml:space="preserve">又注琥珀，</s> <s xml:id="N406134" xml:space="preserve">可笑也。</s> <s xml:id="N406137" xml:space="preserve">屬青綠種<lb/>類者，</s> <s xml:id="N40613A" xml:space="preserve">爲瑟瑟珠、</s> <s xml:id="N40613D" xml:space="preserve">珇 綠、</s> <s xml:id="N406140" xml:space="preserve">鴉鶻石、</s> <s xml:id="N406143" xml:space="preserve">空青之類。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d038483"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N406146" xml:space="preserve">空青既取內質，</s> <s xml:id="N406149" xml:space="preserve">其膜升打爲空<lb/>青。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N40614C" xml:space="preserve">至玫瑰一種如黃豆、</s> <s xml:id="N40614F" xml:space="preserve">綠豆大者，</s> <s xml:id="N406152" xml:space="preserve">則紅、</s> <s xml:id="N406155" xml:space="preserve">碧、</s> <s xml:id="N406158" xml:space="preserve">青、</s> <s xml:id="N40615B" xml:space="preserve">黃數色皆<lb/>具。</s> <s xml:id="N40615E" xml:space="preserve">寶石有玫瑰，</s> <s xml:id="N406161" xml:space="preserve">如珠之有璣也，</s> <s xml:id="N406164" xml:space="preserve">星漢砂以上，</s> <s xml:id="N406167" xml:space="preserve">猶有煮海<lb/>金丹。</s> <s xml:id="N40616A" xml:space="preserve">此等皆<name type="place" xml:id="N40616A-01">西番</name>產，</s> <s xml:id="N40616D" xml:space="preserve">亦間氣出。</s> <s xml:id="N406170" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N406170-01">滇</name>中井所無。</s> <s xml:id="N406173" xml:space="preserve">時人偽造<lb/>者，</s> <s xml:id="N406176" xml:space="preserve">唯琥珀易假。</s> <s xml:id="N406179" xml:space="preserve">高者煮化硫黃，</s> <s xml:id="N40617C" xml:space="preserve">低者以殷紅汁料煮入<lb/>牛羊明解，</s> <s xml:id="N40617F" xml:space="preserve">映照紅赤隱然，</s> <s xml:id="N406182" xml:space="preserve">今亦最易辨認。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d038574"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N406185" xml:space="preserve">琥珀磨之有漿。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N406188" xml:space="preserve">至引<lb/>燈草，</s> <s xml:id="N40618B" xml:space="preserve">原惑人之說，</s> <s xml:id="N40618E" xml:space="preserve">凡物借人氣能引拾輕芥也。</s> <s xml:id="N406191" xml:space="preserve">自來《本<lb/>草》陋妄，</s> <s xml:id="N406194" xml:space="preserve">刪去毋使災木。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.220A" n="五九a"/> <figure xml:id="d038611"> <graphic url="X06.01.220A-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d038616" xml:space="preserve">袋</ab> <ab type="description" xml:id="d038619" xml:space="preserve">袋</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.220B" n="五九b"/> <figure xml:id="d038626"> <graphic url="X06.01.220B-01"/> <ab type="description" xml:id="d038631" xml:space="preserve">寳氣<lb/>飽悶</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.221A" n="六十a"/> </div> <div xml:id="d038640" type="section"> <head xml:id="N406199" xml:space="preserve">玉</head> <p xml:id="d038645"> <s xml:id="N40619C" xml:space="preserve">凡玉入<name type="place" xml:id="N40619C-01">中國</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N40619F" xml:space="preserve">貴重用者盡出<name type="place" xml:id="N40619F-01">于闐</name>、</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d038659"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4061A2" xml:space="preserve">漢時<name type="place" xml:id="N4061A2-01">西國</name>號，</s> <s xml:id="N4061A5" xml:space="preserve">後代或名別失入里，</s> <s xml:id="N4061A8" xml:space="preserve">或統服<lb/>赤斤蒙古，</s> <s xml:id="N4061AB" xml:space="preserve">定名未詳。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4061AE" xml:space="preserve">蔥嶺。</s> <s xml:id="N4061B1" xml:space="preserve">所謂藍田，</s> <s xml:id="N4061B4" xml:space="preserve">即<name type="place" xml:id="N4061B4-01">蔥嶺</name>出玉別地名，</s> <s xml:id="N4061B7" xml:space="preserve">而後世<lb/>誤以爲<name type="place" xml:id="N4061B7-01">西安</name>之<name type="place" xml:id="N4061B7-02">藍田</name>也。</s> <s xml:id="N4061BA" xml:space="preserve">其<name type="place" xml:id="N4061BA-01">嶺</name>水發源名<name type="place" xml:id="N4061BA-02">阿耨山</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N4061BD" xml:space="preserve">至<name type="place" xml:id="N4061BD-01">蔥嶺</name><lb/>分界兩河，</s> <s xml:id="N4061C0" xml:space="preserve">一曰<name type="place" xml:id="N4061C0-01">白玉河</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N4061C3" xml:space="preserve">一曰<name type="place" xml:id="N4061C3-01">綠玉河</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N4061C6" xml:space="preserve">晉人張國鄴作《西<lb/>域行程記》載有<name type="place" xml:id="N4061C6-01">烏玉河</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N4061C9" xml:space="preserve">此節則妄也。</s> <s xml:id="N4061CC" xml:space="preserve">玉璞不藏深土，</s> <s xml:id="N4061CF" xml:space="preserve">源<lb/>泉峻急激映而生。</s> <s xml:id="N4061D2" xml:space="preserve">然取者不于所生處，</s> <s xml:id="N4061D5" xml:space="preserve">以急湍無著手。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4061D8" xml:space="preserve">俟其夏月水漲，</s> <s xml:id="N4061DB" xml:space="preserve">璞隨湍流徙，</s> <s xml:id="N4061DE" xml:space="preserve">或百里或二三百里，</s> <s xml:id="N4061DEa" xml:space="preserve">取之<lb/>河中。</s> <s xml:id="N4061DEb" xml:space="preserve">丹玉映月精光而生，</s> <s xml:id="N4061DEc" xml:space="preserve">故國人沒河取玉者，</s> <s xml:id="N4061E1" xml:space="preserve">多于秋 <pb facs="X06.01.221B" n="六十b"/> 間明月夜，</s> <s xml:id="N4061E7" xml:space="preserve">望河候視。</s> <s xml:id="N4061EA" xml:space="preserve">玉璞堆聚處，</s> <s xml:id="N4061ED" xml:space="preserve">其月色倍明亮。</s> <s xml:id="N4061F0" xml:space="preserve">凡璞<lb/>隨水流，</s> <s xml:id="N4061F3" xml:space="preserve">仍錯雜亂石淺流之中，</s> <s xml:id="N4061F6" xml:space="preserve">提出辯認而後知也。</s> <s xml:id="N4061F9" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4061F9-01">白<lb/>玉河</name>流<name type="place" xml:id="N4061F9-02">向東南</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N4061FC" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4061FC-01">綠玉河流向西北</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N4061FF" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4061FF-01">亦力把力地</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N406202" xml:space="preserve">其地有<lb/>名<name type="place" xml:id="N406202-01">望野</name>者，</s> <s xml:id="N406205" xml:space="preserve">河水多聚玉。</s> <s xml:id="N406208" xml:space="preserve">其俗以女人赤身沒水而取者，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40620B" xml:space="preserve">云陰氣相召，</s> <s xml:id="N40620E" xml:space="preserve">則玉留不逝，</s> <s xml:id="N406211" xml:space="preserve">易于撈取，</s> <s 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xml:space="preserve">棉絮，</s> <s xml:id="N406241b" xml:space="preserve">推出位時則已硬，</s> <s xml:id="N406241c" xml:space="preserve">入塵見風則愈硬。</s> <pb facs="X06.01.222A" n="六一a"/> <s xml:id="N406241d" xml:space="preserve">謂世間琢磨有軟玉，</s> <s xml:id="N406244" xml:space="preserve">則又非也。</s> <s xml:id="N406247" xml:space="preserve">凡璞藏玉，</s> <s xml:id="N40624A" xml:space="preserve">其外者曰玉<lb/>皮，</s> <s xml:id="N40624D" xml:space="preserve">取爲硯托之類，</s> <s xml:id="N406250" xml:space="preserve">其值無幾。</s> <s xml:id="N406253" xml:space="preserve">璞中之玉有縱橫尺余無<lb/>瑕玷者，</s> <s xml:id="N406256" xml:space="preserve">古者帝王取以爲璽。</s> <s xml:id="N406259" xml:space="preserve">所謂連城之壁，</s> <s xml:id="N40625C" xml:space="preserve">亦不易得。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40625F" xml:space="preserve">其縱橫五六寸無瑕者，</s> <s xml:id="N406262" xml:space="preserve">治以爲杯斝，</s> <s xml:id="N406265" xml:space="preserve">此亦當世重寶也。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N406268" xml:space="preserve">此外惟<name type="place" xml:id="N406268-01">西洋</name><name type="place" xml:id="N406268-02">鎖里</name>有異玉，</s> <s xml:id="N40626B" xml:space="preserve">平時白色，</s> <s xml:id="N40626E" xml:space="preserve">晴日下看映出紅<lb/>色，</s> <s xml:id="N406271" xml:space="preserve">陰雨時又爲青色，</s> <s xml:id="N406274" xml:space="preserve">此可謂之玉妖，</s> <s xml:id="N406277" xml:space="preserve">尚方有之。</s> <s xml:id="N40627A" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40627A-01">朝鮮西<lb/>北太尉山</name>有千年璞，</s> <s xml:id="N40627D" xml:space="preserve">中藏羊脂玉，</s> <s xml:id="N406280" xml:space="preserve">與<name type="place" xml:id="N406280-01">蔥嶺</name>美者無殊異。<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N406283" xml:space="preserve">其他雖有載志，</s> <s xml:id="N406286" xml:space="preserve">聞見則未經也。</s> <s xml:id="N406289" xml:space="preserve">凡玉由彼地纏頭回，</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d039041"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N40628C" xml:space="preserve">其俗<lb/>人首一歲裹布一層，</s> <s xml:id="N40628F" xml:space="preserve">老則臃腫之甚，</s> <s xml:id="N406292" xml:space="preserve">故名纏頭回子。</s> <s xml:id="N406295" xml:space="preserve">其國王亦謹不見發。</s> <s xml:id="N406298" xml:space="preserve">問其故，</s> <s xml:id="N40629B" xml:space="preserve">則云見發則歲凶荒，</s> <s xml:id="N40629E" xml:space="preserve">可笑之 <pb facs="X06.01.222B" n="六一b"/> 甚。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4062A4" xml:space="preserve">或溯河舟，</s> <s xml:id="N4062A7" xml:space="preserve">或駕橐駝，</s> <s xml:id="N4062AA" xml:space="preserve">經<name type="place" xml:id="N4062AA-01">莊浪</name>入<name type="place" xml:id="N4062AA-02">嘉峪</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N4062AD" xml:space="preserve">而至于<name type="place" xml:id="N4062AD-01">甘州</name>與<lb/><name type="place" xml:id="N4062AD-02">肅州</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N4062B0" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4062B0-01">中國</name>販玉者，</s> <s xml:id="N4062B3" xml:space="preserve">至此互市而得之，</s> <s xml:id="N4062B6" xml:space="preserve">東入中華，</s> <s xml:id="N4062B9" xml:space="preserve">卸萃<name type="place" xml:id="N4062B9-01">燕<lb/>京</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N4062BC" xml:space="preserve">玉工辨璞高下定價，</s> <s xml:id="N4062BF" xml:space="preserve">而後琢之。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d039132"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4062C2" xml:space="preserve">良玉雖集<name type="place" xml:id="N4062C2-01">京師</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N4062C5" xml:space="preserve">工巧則推<name type="place" xml:id="N4062C5-01">蘇郡</name>。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4062C8" xml:space="preserve">凡玉<lb/>初剖時，</s> <s xml:id="N4062CB" xml:space="preserve">冶鐵爲圓盤，</s> <s xml:id="N4062CE" xml:space="preserve">以盆水盛沙，</s> <s xml:id="N4062D1" xml:space="preserve">足踏圓盤使轉，</s> <s xml:id="N4062D4" xml:space="preserve">添沙<lb/>部玉，</s> <s xml:id="N4062D7" xml:space="preserve">逐忽劃斷。</s> <s xml:id="N4062DA" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4062DA-01">中國</name>解玉沙，</s> <s xml:id="N4062DD" xml:space="preserve">出<name type="place" xml:id="N4062DD-01">順天</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4062DD-02">玉田</name>與<name type="place" xml:id="N4062DD-03">真定</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4062DD-04">邢臺</name><lb/>兩邑，</s> <s xml:id="N4062E0" xml:space="preserve">其沙非出河中，</s> <s xml:id="N4062E3" xml:space="preserve">有泉流出，</s> <s xml:id="N4062E6" xml:space="preserve">精粹如面，</s> <s xml:id="N4062E9" xml:space="preserve">藉以攻玉，</s> <s xml:id="N4062EC" xml:space="preserve">永<lb/>無耗折。</s> <s xml:id="N4062EF" xml:space="preserve">既解之後，</s> <s xml:id="N4062F2" xml:space="preserve">別施精巧工夫，</s> <s xml:id="N4062F5" xml:space="preserve">得鑌鐵刀者，</s> <s xml:id="N4062F8" xml:space="preserve">則爲利<lb/>器也。</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d039229"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N4062FB" xml:space="preserve">鑌鐵亦出<name type="place" xml:id="N4062FB-01">西番哈密</name>衛勵石中，</s> <s xml:id="N4062FE" xml:space="preserve">部之乃得。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N406301" xml:space="preserve">凡玉器琢余碎，</s> <s xml:id="N406304" xml:space="preserve">取入鈿花用，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N406307" xml:space="preserve">又碎不堪者，</s> <s xml:id="N40630A" xml:space="preserve">碾篩和灰塗琴瑟，</s> <s xml:id="N40630D" xml:space="preserve">琴有玉音，</s> <s xml:id="N406310" xml:space="preserve">以此故也。</s> <s xml:id="N406313" xml:space="preserve">凡 <pb facs="X06.01.223A" n="六二a"/> 鏤刻絕細處，</s> <s xml:id="N406319" xml:space="preserve">難施錐刃者，</s> <s xml:id="N40631C" xml:space="preserve">以蟾酥填畫而後鍥之。</s> <s xml:id="N40631F" xml:space="preserve">物理<lb/>制服，</s> <s xml:id="N406322" xml:space="preserve">殆不可曉。</s> <s xml:id="N406325" xml:space="preserve">凡假玉以砆碔充者，</s> <s xml:id="N406328" xml:space="preserve">如錫之于銀，</s> <s xml:id="N40632B" xml:space="preserve">照然<lb/>易辨。</s> <s xml:id="N40632E" xml:space="preserve">近則搗舂上料白瓷器，</s> <s xml:id="N406331" xml:space="preserve">細過微塵，</s> <s xml:id="N406334" xml:space="preserve">以白斂諸汁調<lb/>成爲器，</s> <s xml:id="N406337" xml:space="preserve">幹燥玉色燁然，</s> <s xml:id="N40633A" xml:space="preserve">此偽最巧云。</s> <s xml:id="N40633D" xml:space="preserve">凡珠玉、</s> <s xml:id="N406340" xml:space="preserve">金銀，</s> <s xml:id="N406343" xml:space="preserve">胎性<lb/>相反，</s> <s xml:id="N406346" xml:space="preserve">金銀受日精，</s> <s xml:id="N406349" xml:space="preserve">必沉埋深土結成。</s> <s xml:id="N40634C" xml:space="preserve">珠玉、</s> <s xml:id="N40634F" xml:space="preserve">寶石受月華，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N406352" xml:space="preserve">不受土寸掩盖。</s> <s xml:id="N406355" xml:space="preserve">寶石在井上透碧空，</s> <s xml:id="N406358" xml:space="preserve">珠在重淵，</s> <s xml:id="N40635B" xml:space="preserve">玉在峻<lb/>灘，</s> <s xml:id="N40635E" xml:space="preserve">但受空明、</s> <s xml:id="N406361" xml:space="preserve">水色盖上。</s> <s xml:id="N406364" xml:space="preserve">珠有螺城，</s> <s xml:id="N406367" xml:space="preserve">螺母居中，</s> <s xml:id="N40636A" xml:space="preserve">龍神守護，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N40636D" xml:space="preserve">人不敢犯。</s> <s xml:id="N406370" xml:space="preserve">數應人世用者，</s> <s xml:id="N406373" xml:space="preserve">螺母推出人取。</s> <s xml:id="N406376" xml:space="preserve">玉初孕處，</s> <s xml:id="N406379" xml:space="preserve">亦<lb/>不可得。</s> <s xml:id="N40637C" xml:space="preserve">玉神推徙入河，</s> <s xml:id="N40637F" xml:space="preserve">然後恣取，</s> <s xml:id="N406382" xml:space="preserve">與珠宮同神異云。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.223B" n="六二b"/> <figure xml:id="d039404"> <graphic url="X06.01.223B-01"/> <head xml:id="d039409" xml:space="preserve">綠玉河</head> <ab type="description" xml:id="d039412" xml:space="preserve">亦力把力國</ab> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.224A" n="六三a"/> <figure xml:id="d039419"> <graphic url="X06.01.224A-01"/> <head xml:id="d039424" xml:space="preserve">蔥嶺<lb/>隂</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.224B" n="六三b"/> <figure xml:id="d039432"> <graphic url="X06.01.224B-01"/> <head xml:id="d039437" xml:space="preserve">白玉河</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.225A" n="六四a"/> <figure xml:id="d039443"> <graphic url="X06.01.225A-01"/> <head xml:id="d039448" xml:space="preserve">于闐國</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.225B" n="六四b"/> <figure xml:id="d039455"> <graphic url="X06.01.225B-01"/> <head xml:id="d039460" xml:space="preserve">琢玉</head> </figure> <pb facs="X06.01.226A" n="六五a"/> </div> <div xml:id="d039468" type="section"> <head xml:id="N406387" xml:space="preserve">附瑪瑙 水晶 琉璃</head> <p xml:id="d039473"> <s xml:id="N40638D" xml:space="preserve">凡瑪瑙非石非玉，</s> <s xml:id="N406390" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N406390-01">中國</name>產處頗多，</s> <s xml:id="N406393" xml:space="preserve">種類以十余計，</s> <s xml:id="N406396" xml:space="preserve">得者<lb/>多爲簪 、</s> <s xml:id="N406399" xml:space="preserve">銘音扣結之類，</s> <s xml:id="N40639C" xml:space="preserve">或爲棋子，</s> <s xml:id="N40639F" xml:space="preserve">最大者爲屏風及卓<lb/>面。</s> <s xml:id="N4063A2" xml:space="preserve">上品者產寧夏外徼羑地砂磧中，</s> <s xml:id="N4063A5" xml:space="preserve">然<name type="place" xml:id="N4063A5-01">中國</name>即廣有，</s> <s xml:id="N4063A8" xml:space="preserve">商<lb/>販者亦不遠涉也。</s> <s xml:id="N4063AB" xml:space="preserve">今京師貨者多是大同、</s> <s xml:id="N4063AE" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4063AE-01">蔚州</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4063AE-02">九空山</name>、<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4063B1" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4063B1-01">宣府</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4063B1-02">四角山</name>所產，</s> <s xml:id="N4063B4" xml:space="preserve">有夾胎瑪瑙、</s> <s xml:id="N4063B7" xml:space="preserve">截子瑪瑙，</s> <s xml:id="d039542" xml:space="preserve">錦紅瑪瑙，</s> <s xml:id="d039545" xml:space="preserve">是<lb/>不一類。</s> <s xml:id="d039551" xml:space="preserve">而神木、</s> <s xml:id="d039554" xml:space="preserve">府谷出漿水瑪瑙、</s> <s xml:id="d039557" xml:space="preserve">錦缠瑪瑙，</s> <s xml:id="N4063BA" xml:space="preserve">隨方貨鬻，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4063BD" xml:space="preserve">此其大端云。</s> <s xml:id="N4063C0" xml:space="preserve">試法以砑木不熱者爲真。</s> <s xml:id="N4063C3" xml:space="preserve">偽者雖易爲，</s> <s xml:id="N4063C6" xml:space="preserve">然<lb/>真者值原不甚貴，</s> <s xml:id="N4063C9" xml:space="preserve">故不樂售其技也。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.226B" n="六五b"/> <p xml:id="d039585"> <s xml:id="N4063CE" xml:space="preserve">凡<name type="place" xml:id="N4063CE-01">中國</name>產水晶，</s> <s xml:id="N4063D1" xml:space="preserve">視瑪瑙少殺，</s> <s xml:id="N4063D4" xml:space="preserve">今<name type="place" xml:id="N4063D4-01">南方</name>用者多<name type="place" xml:id="N4063D4-02">福建</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4063D4-03">漳浦</name><lb/>產</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d039610"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d039615" xml:space="preserve">山名<name type="place" xml:id="N4063D4-04">銅山</name>，</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N4063D7" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4063D7-01">北方</name>用者多<name type="place" xml:id="N4063D7-02">宣府</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4063D7-03">黃尖山</name>產，</s> <s xml:id="N4063DA" xml:space="preserve">中土用者多<name type="place" xml:id="N4063DA-01">河南<lb/>信陽州</name></s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d039646"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d039651" xml:space="preserve">黑色者最美 </s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d039662" xml:space="preserve">與<name type="place" xml:id="N4063DA-02">湖</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4063DA-03">廣</name><name type="place" xml:id="N4063DA-04">興國州</name></s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d039673"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d039678" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N4063DA-05">潘家山</name></s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d039689" xml:space="preserve">產，</s> <s xml:id="N4063DD" xml:space="preserve">黑色者產北不<lb/>產南。</s> <s xml:id="N4063E0" xml:space="preserve">其他山穴本有之而採識未到，</s> <s xml:id="N4063E3" xml:space="preserve">與已經採識而官<lb/>司厲禁封閉</s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d039708"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="d039713" xml:space="preserve">如<name type="place" xml:id="N4063E3-01">廣信</name>懼中官開採之類</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="d039727" xml:space="preserve">者尚多也。</s> <s xml:id="N4063E6" xml:space="preserve">凡水晶出深山穴<lb/>內瀑流石罅之中，</s> <s xml:id="N4063E9" xml:space="preserve">其水經晶流出，</s> <s xml:id="N4063EC" xml:space="preserve">晝夜不斷，</s> <s xml:id="N4063EF" xml:space="preserve">流出洞門<lb/>半里許，</s> <s xml:id="N4063F2" xml:space="preserve">其面尚如油珠滾沸。</s> <s xml:id="N4063F5" xml:space="preserve">凡水晶未離穴時如棉軟，<lb/></s> <s xml:id="N4063F8" xml:space="preserve">見風方堅硬。</s> <s xml:id="N4063FB" xml:space="preserve">琢工得宜者，</s> <s xml:id="N4063FE" xml:space="preserve">就山穴成粗坯，</s> <s xml:id="N406401" xml:space="preserve">然後持歸加<lb/>功，</s> <s xml:id="N406404" xml:space="preserve">省力十倍云。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.227A" n="六六a"/> <p xml:id="d039776"> <s xml:id="N406409" xml:space="preserve">凡琉璃石，</s> <s xml:id="N40640C" xml:space="preserve">與中國水精、</s> <s xml:id="N40640F" xml:space="preserve"><name type="place" xml:id="N40640F-01">占城</name>火齊其類相同，</s> <s xml:id="N406412" xml:space="preserve">同一精光<lb/>明透之義，</s> <s xml:id="N406415" xml:space="preserve">然不產<name type="place" xml:id="N406415-01">中國</name>，</s> <s xml:id="N406418" xml:space="preserve">產于<name type="place" xml:id="N406418-01">西域</name>。</s> <s xml:id="N40641B" xml:space="preserve">其石五色皆具，</s> <s xml:id="N40641E" xml:space="preserve">中華<lb/>人艷之，</s> <s xml:id="N406421" xml:space="preserve">遂竭人巧以肖之。</s> <s xml:id="N406424" xml:space="preserve">于是燒瓴甋轉釉成黃綠色<lb/>者曰琉璃瓦。</s> <s xml:id="N406427" xml:space="preserve">煎化羊角爲盛油與籠燭者爲琉璃碗。</s> <s xml:id="N40642A" xml:space="preserve">合<lb/>化硝、</s> <s xml:id="N40642D" xml:space="preserve">鉛寫珠銅線穿合者爲琉璃燈。</s> <s xml:id="N406430" xml:space="preserve">捏片爲琉璃瓶袋。<lb/></s> <seg rend="small" xml:id="d039839"> <s xml:space="preserve">(</s> <s xml:id="N406433" xml:space="preserve">硝用煎煉上結馬牙者。</s> <s xml:space="preserve">)</s> </seg> <s xml:id="N406436" xml:space="preserve">各色顏料汁任從點染。</s> <s xml:id="N406439" xml:space="preserve">凡爲燈、</s> <s xml:id="N40643C" xml:space="preserve">珠皆<name type="place" xml:id="N40643C-01">淮北</name><lb/>齊地人，</s> <s xml:id="N40643F" xml:space="preserve">以其地產硝之敵。</s> <s xml:id="N406442" xml:space="preserve">凡硝見火還空，</s> <s xml:id="N406445" xml:space="preserve">其質本無，</s> <s xml:id="N406448" xml:space="preserve">而<lb/>黑鉛爲重質之物。</s> <s xml:id="N40644B" xml:space="preserve">兩物假火爲媒，</s> <s xml:id="N40644E" xml:space="preserve">硝欲引鉛還空，</s> <s xml:id="N406451" xml:space="preserve">鉛欲<lb/>留硝住世，</s> <s xml:id="N406454" xml:space="preserve">和同一釜之中，</s> <s xml:id="N406457" xml:space="preserve">透出光明形象。</s> <s xml:id="N40645A" xml:space="preserve">此乾坤造化 <pb facs="X06.01.227B" n="六六b"/> 隱現于容易地面。</s> <s xml:id="N406460" xml:space="preserve">《天工》卷末，</s> <s xml:id="N406463" xml:space="preserve">著而出之。</s> </p> <pb facs="X06.01.228A"/> <pb facs="X06.01.228B"/> <pb facs="X06.01.229A"/> <pb facs="X06.01.229B"/> <pb facs="X06.01.230"/> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>