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New Special Instructions
author Klaus Thoden <kthoden@mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de>
date Wed, 30 Jul 2014 15:58:21 +0200
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE archimedes SYSTEM "../dtd/archimedes.dtd">
<archimedes xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">      <info>
	<author>Berga, Antonio</author>
	<title>Discorso della grandezza della acqua e della terra</title>
	<date>1579</date>
	<place>Turino</place>
	<translator/>
	<lang>it</lang>
	<cvs_file>berga_disco_008_it_1579.xml</cvs_file>
	<cvs_version/>
	<locator>008.xml</locator>

</info>      <text>          <front>          </front>          <body>            <chap>	<pb xlink:href="008/01/001.jpg"/><p type="main">
<s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>DISCORSO <lb/>DI M. ANTONIO BERGA <lb/>LETTORE FILOSOFO <lb/>nella vniuer&longs;it&agrave; di Turino,<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/><!-- REMOVE S--><emph type="center"/>DELLA GRANDEZZA <lb/><emph type="roman"/>dell'ACQVA &amp; della TERRA.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main">

<s><emph type="center"/>Contra Lopinione dil S. Ale&longs;&longs;ondro Pualamini.<emph.end type="center"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><figure id="id.008.01.001.1.jpg" xlink:href="008/01/001/1.jpg"/><p type="main">

<s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>IN TVRINO, appre&longs;&longs;o gli heredi del Beuilacqua, <lb/>M. D. LXXIX.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><pb xlink:href="008/01/002.jpg"/><pb xlink:href="008/01/003.jpg" pagenum="3"/><p type="main">

<s><emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>DISCORSO <lb/>DELLA GRANDEZZA <lb/>ell'Acqua &amp; della Terra.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main">

<s><emph type="center"/>DI M. ANTONIO BERGA,<emph.end type="center"/><lb/>

<emph type="center"/><emph type="roman"/>Al Sereni&longs;simo Sig.<lb/>

CAROLO EMANVELE, <lb/>Prencipe di Piemonte, &longs;uo S. colendi&longs;simo.<emph.end type="roman"/><emph.end type="center"/></s>

<s>S'E dopp&ograve; duoi milla &amp; pi&ugrave; anni Se&shy;<lb/>reni&szlig;imo Prencipe, riuocato in dub<lb/>bio, &longs;e &longs;ia vero, che l'acqua &longs;ia mag<lb/>giore della terra, come Platone, Ari <lb/>stotile, &amp; Tolomeo banno in&longs;egna&shy;<lb/>to. </s>

<s>Il che non poco ha turbato i piu famo&longs;i filo&longs;ofi <lb/>dell'et &agrave; no&longs;tra, i quali non intendeuano partir&longs;i <lb/>dalla verit&agrave;, per molti &longs;ecoli da e&szlig;i ritenuta, &amp; <lb/>conefficaci ragioni diffe&longs;a; poiche intorno a que&shy;<lb/>&longs;to il &longs;en&longs;o non ci a&szlig;icura, ne meno &longs;i po&longs;&longs;a fare cer<lb/>to fondamento nelle mi&longs;ure de icieli &amp; della ter&shy;<lb/>ra, dalla Scuola de i mathematici imaginate. </s>

<s>Di <lb/>che ragionando&longs;i nel co&longs;petto di V.A. laquale con <lb/>l'alto &longs;uo ualore tuttauia inuitai piu eleuati in&shy;<lb/>gegni, a di&longs;correre intorno le piu graui &amp; o&longs;cure <lb/>materie di tutte le &longs;cienze &amp; arti liberali: re&longs;t&ograve; <pb xlink:href="008/01/004.jpg" pagenum="4"/>&longs;eruit a accennarmi, che &longs;e le farebbe co&longs;a piu che <lb/>grata, &longs;e della maggioranza dell acqua &amp; della <lb/>terra &longs;i ri&longs;olue&longs;&longs;e can breuit&agrave; quel tanto, che piu <lb/>conforme alla uerit&agrave;, fo&szlig;e giudicato. </s>

<s>Alche cono&shy;<lb/>&longs;cendo e&longs;&longs;ere ufficio mio di &longs;odisfare, inuocando <lb/>il fauore di V.A. dar&ograve; principlo, <expan abbr="propon&etilde;">proponem</expan> do quat&shy;<lb/>tro capi principali, &longs;enzai qualinon &longs;i pu&ograve;, con <lb/>uia facile &amp; or dinata, di&longs;correre intorno alla <lb/>propo&longs;ta qui&longs;tione. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Nel primo de iquali, accio che &longs;i leui ogni con&shy;<lb/>fu&longs;ione, &longs;i dichiarer&agrave; in che modo &longs;i debba inten&shy;<lb/>dere que&longs;ta maggioranza dell'acqua. </s>

<s>Nel &longs;econ&shy;<lb/>do &longs;i proponer anno i. principij &amp; le ragioni d'Ale&longs;&shy;<lb/>&longs;andro Picolomini, per prouare che la terra &longs;ia <lb/>dell'acqua maggiore. </s>

<s>Nelterzo &longs;i <expan abbr="addurr&atilde;no">addurranno</expan> le <lb/>ragioni d'Ari&longs;t. &amp;' da noi ritrouate, per dimo&longs;tra&shy;<lb/>re, che l'acqua &longs;ia della terra maggiore. </s>

<s>Nel <lb/>quarto capo finalmente &longs;i ri&longs;ponder &agrave; a tutte le <lb/>obiettioni, &amp; &longs;i e&longs;aminar anno diligentemente le <lb/>ri&longs;po&longs;te dil Picolomini, con le &longs;nppo&longs;itioni o &longs;ia <lb/>principij dell'iste&longs;&longs;o. </s></p><p type="main">

<s><arrow.to.target n="marg1"/></s></p><p type="margin">

<s><margin.target id="marg1"/>Cap. <emph type="roman"/>1.<emph.end type="roman"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main">

<s>Incominciando adunque dal primo capo, due <lb/>&longs;ono i modi, con i quali &longs;i dice un corpo e&longs;&longs;ere del&shy;<lb/>l'alrro maggiore, concio&longs;ia co&longs;a che &longs;i po&szlig;a &longs;econ&shy;<lb/>do la profon&aacute;ita &amp; altezza &longs;ua mi&longs;ur are, o &longs;ia <pb xlink:href="008/01/005.jpg" pagenum="5"/>&longs;econdo il centro della grandezza, o vero &longs;econ&shy;<lb/>do l'esten&longs;ione maggiore nella &longs;ua ampiezza, &longs;i <lb/>che occupi piu ampia sfera, come per e&longs;empio <lb/>par agonando nell'ouo il bianco col ro&longs;&longs;o, &longs;i pu&ograve; <lb/>vedere: nel primo modo &longs;ono quei corpi maggio&shy;<lb/>ri, i quali e&longs;&longs;endo &longs;econdo tutte le loro parti ugual<lb/>mente raccolti &amp; uniti, &longs;e bene occupano minor <lb/>sfera, hanno nondimeno profondit&agrave; maggiore, <lb/>come in una palla &longs;oda &amp; perfettamente roton&shy;<lb/>da, &longs;i comprende, con che &longs;i stima la terra e&longs;&shy;<lb/>&longs;ere maggiore dell'acqua, poiche &longs;econdo il cen&shy;<lb/>tro habbia ottenuto, profondit&agrave; maggiore, nell'al&shy;<lb/>tro modo &longs;i stimano e&longs;&longs;ere tutti quei corpi mag&shy;<lb/>giori, i quali &longs;e bene hanno mancho profondi&shy;<lb/>t&agrave;, occupano non dimeno maggior sfera con la <lb/>loro circonferenza, il che &longs;i concede dell'aria, <lb/>paragonato a questoglobo composto dell'acqua &amp; <lb/>della terra. </s>

<s>Et nel uno modo &amp; l'altro, intendia&shy;<lb/>mo di uedere, &longs;e l'acqua &longs;ia maggiore della terra. <lb/></s>

<s>Dipoi &longs;ar&agrave; bene di auertire, ch'intendiamo di <lb/>comprendere tutta l'uniuer&longs;it&agrave; delle acque, come <lb/>mari, laghi, paludi, &longs;tagni, fiumi, fonti, e tutte l'al <lb/>tre contenute nelle ui&longs;cere &amp; cauerne della ter&shy;<lb/>ra: accio che le ragioni dell'una &amp; de ll'altra par <lb/>ti &longs;iano piu a propo&longs;ito recitate. </s>

<s>Di tutta adon-<pb xlink:href="008/01/006.jpg" pagenum="6"/>que l'acqua con la terra me&longs;colata, &longs;e bene non <lb/>&longs;ia tanto profonda, &longs;econdo le &longs;ue parti diui&longs;e co&shy;<lb/>me la terra, &longs;i ricerca &longs;e &longs;ia maggiore, ouero mi&shy;<lb/>nore d'e&szlig;a terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s><arrow.to.target n="marg2"/></s></p><p type="margin">

<s><margin.target id="marg2"/>Cap. <emph type="roman"/>2.<emph.end type="roman"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main">

<s>Et il Picolomini intendendo dimostrare, che la <lb/>terra &longs;ia dell'acqua maggiore, a gui&longs;a di buon <lb/>loico &amp; mathematico, incomincia da certi &longs;uppo<lb/>&longs;iti, o &longs;ia principij, nel quarto &amp; quinto capo del <lb/>&longs;uo trattato, i quali &longs;e fo&longs;&longs;ero reputatiueri, non <lb/>&longs;i potrebbe in modo alcuno riprouare la &longs;ua opi&shy;<lb/>nione. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Fra i quali il primo e tale, che hauendo&longs;ime&longs;&longs;o <lb/>auanti a gli occhi una sfera &longs;oda intorno a tre <lb/>piedi di diametro, la piu fedele che habbia potu&shy;<lb/>to hauere, con certa mi&longs;ura hauere ritrouato, la <lb/>&longs;uperficie della terra e&longs;&longs;ere piu ampia che la &longs;u&shy;<lb/>perficie dell'acqua, benche nelle due quarte au&shy;<lb/>strali, quella dell'acqua re&longs;ti un poco maggiore, <lb/>con che nel &longs;econdo afferma, hauere la terra mag&shy;<lb/>giore profondit&agrave; che l'acqua, perche &longs;i &egrave; ricono&shy;<lb/>&longs;ciuto nei mari nauigati &longs;ino al pre&longs;ente, che non <lb/>&longs;i profondano piu di mezo miglio, &amp; la terra a <lb/>tre milla e cinquecento miglia. </s>

<s>A que&longs;to aggion&shy;<lb/>ge lo terzo nel capo &longs;e&longs;to. </s>

<s>e&longs;&longs;ere certo, &longs;e bene &longs;i <lb/>comprendino tutte l'acque, e&longs;&longs;ere la maggior par-<pb xlink:href="008/01/007.jpg" pagenum="7"/>te della terra &longs;coperta, &longs;e &longs;i mi&longs;urer &agrave; non &longs;ola&shy;<lb/>mente lo &longs;patio, che contiene il mare, ma etiam&shy;<lb/>dio quello che &igrave; grandi&szlig;imi laghi con la palude <lb/>meotide, che gira miglia <emph type="roman"/>720.<emph.end type="roman"/> etutti li fiurni con <lb/>i fonti occupano, poiche le parti piu eminenti, <lb/>le montagne, i colli habbiano occupato qua&longs;i la <lb/>terza. </s>

<s>parte della faccia della terra, contando le <lb/>I&longs;ole maritime, lequali &longs;ono in gran numero &amp; <lb/>di not abile grandezza. </s>

<s>con che pa&longs;&longs;ando al &longs;et&shy;<lb/>timo capo, aggionge il quarto &longs;uppo&longs;ito, che &longs;e be&shy;<lb/>ne &longs;i conceda, che l'acque &longs;i profonda&longs;&longs;ero &longs;ino <lb/>al centro della terra, non percio auanz arebbono <lb/>in maggioranza e&longs;&longs;a terra, poiche &longs;iano &longs;econdo <lb/>il &longs;emidiametro digr an long a inferiori della ter&shy;<lb/>ra, come &longs;i proua dal tragheto, che &longs;i troua dal <lb/>mare Eu&longs;ino alle colonne di Hercole, nel stretto di <lb/>Gibilterr a. per il che &longs;uppone e&longs;&longs;er minore &longs;econ&shy;<lb/>do ogni dimen&longs;ione l'acqua della terra. </s>

<s>Il quinto <lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;ito da lui recitato, &egrave; tale, che per le noue na <lb/>uigationi oltra il Mar del Sur, &longs;i &egrave; &longs;coperta una <lb/>noua &amp; gran terra, &amp; ritrouato e&longs;&longs;ere il fal&longs;o, <lb/>che ilmare Oceano circondi tutta la terra: anzi <lb/>&egrave; piu ueri&longs;imile, che l'acqua re&longs;ti circondata dal&shy;<lb/>la terra, poiche &longs;ia nece&longs;&longs;ario, che &longs;ia dalla terra <lb/>come in un ua&longs;o riceuuta: restando la terra &longs;otto <pb xlink:href="008/01/008.jpg" pagenum="8"/>l'acqua per la maggior parte collocata, po&longs;ti adon<lb/>que auanti que&longs;ti principij, ouero &longs;uppo&longs;iti, ha&shy;<lb/>uendo prima e&longs;aminato le ragioni &amp; autorit &agrave; del <lb/>la &longs;entenza di Ari&longs;totile da lui recitate, mette <lb/>auantimolte ragioni, per confutarla, lequali fe&shy;<lb/>delmenter accont aremo, pa&longs;&longs;ando al. <emph type="roman"/>12.<emph.end type="roman"/> capo del <lb/>&longs;uo trattato, &amp; con facilit &agrave; &amp; breuit&agrave; maggio&shy;<lb/>re che &longs;ar&agrave; po&szlig;ibile. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La primier a adonque uien tolta dalla profon&shy;<lb/>dit &agrave; della terra, la quale &longs;enza proportione auan<lb/>zando quella dell'acqua, poiche &longs;i profonda intor&shy;<lb/>no a tre millia cinquecento miglia, per il giro che <lb/>&longs;i troua hauere la terra nella &longs;ua cir conferenza, <lb/>&amp; l'acqua de i piu profondi marinon arriui a vn <lb/>miglio, &longs;enz a dubbio &longs;i ha da credere, che l'acqua <lb/>&longs;ia minore della terra: ouero &longs;i con&longs;ideri l'acqua, <lb/>&longs;econdo che la terra ricuopre, &ograve; uero &longs;econdo l'e&shy;<lb/>lemento tutto in&longs;ieme vnito &amp; raccolto, perche <lb/>non potr&agrave; mai occupare maggior sfera della <lb/>terra, come dalle nuoue nauigationi &longs;i&egrave; rico&shy;<lb/>no&longs;ciuto. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La &longs;econda ragione con laquale il mede&longs;imo <lb/>dimo&longs;tra, &egrave; pre&longs;a dalla <expan abbr="qu&atilde;tit&agrave;">quantit&agrave;</expan> de iuapori, i quali <lb/>&longs;ono materia dell'acqua: e&szlig;endo adonque que&longs;ti <lb/>uaporitirati dal Sole, di gran long a alla terra in-<pb xlink:href="008/01/009.jpg" pagenum="9"/>feriori, nece&szlig;ario &egrave; che l'acqua &longs;ia della terra mi&shy;<lb/>nore. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La terza ragione viene fondata nel flu&longs;&longs;o &amp; <lb/>reflu&longs;&longs;o, &ograve; &longs;ia e&longs;t&ograve; dil mare, perche e&longs;&longs;endo cau&longs;ato <lb/>non &longs;olamenti dalla Luna, ma etiamdio dal Sole, <lb/>non potrebbe il Sole que&longs;to fare, &longs;e il mare fo&longs;&longs;e di <lb/>profondit&agrave; maggiore: concio&longs;ia co&longs;a che i raggi <lb/>&longs;uoi non potrebbero tanto auanti penetrare, per <lb/>il che cento &egrave;, che l'acqua resti della terra molto <lb/>inferiore. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La quartaragione dalui addota, &egrave; perche ol&shy;<lb/>tre la profondit&agrave;, &longs;i vede che la terra &longs;ia pi&ugrave; alta <lb/>&amp; eminente dell'acqua, il che li monti dimo&longs;tra&shy;<lb/>no e&longs;&longs;endo alc&ugrave;ni dilorotanto alti, che ne pioggia, <lb/>ne Vento regna nella &longs;ommit &agrave; loro, &longs;i come del <lb/>Olimpo &longs;i narra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La quinta ragione, &egrave; tolta dalla natura del luo<lb/>go, e&szlig;endo adonque il luoco continente &amp; il cor&shy;<lb/>po locato contenuto, &longs;enza dubbio il corpo che &longs;i <lb/>troua contenere un'altro &longs;ar&agrave; maggiore, conte&shy;<lb/>nendo adonque la terr a l'acqua, nece&longs;&longs;ario &egrave;, che <lb/>&longs;ia maggiore, &amp; &longs;econdo le parti pi&ugrave; eleuate, piu <lb/>alta, accioche non &longs;ommergano l'acque tutta la <lb/>faccia d'e&longs;&longs;a terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La &longs;esta ragione con che proua il mede&longs;imo, &egrave; <pb xlink:href="008/01/010.jpg" pagenum="10"/>tolta dall'abbondanza e maggior quantit&agrave; della <lb/>terra, che concorre alla compo&longs;itione dei corpi mi&shy;<lb/>sti, tanto animati, quanto inanimati, i quali e&longs;&longs;en <lb/>do dal predominio terreni &amp; &longs;odi, &longs;egno &egrave;, che la <lb/>terra predomini all'acque: con che aggionge, che <lb/>&longs;iano i mi&longs;ti nella terrain maggior numero, che <lb/>nell'acqua, &longs;e bene &longs;itrouano animali acquatici <lb/>dei terreni maggiori. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La &longs;ettima ragione, &egrave; fondata &longs;opra la di&longs;tan<lb/>za delle parti del centro, e&szlig;endo adonque la ter<lb/>ra &longs;econdo le &longs;ue parti tanto piane, come rileua&shy;<lb/>te, pi&ugrave; lontana dal centro del Mondo, che quelle <lb/>dell'acqua, percioche &longs;ia piuri&longs;tretta &amp; unita in&shy;<lb/>&longs;ieme, &amp; piu &longs;i profondi &longs;econdo il tutto dell'ac&shy;<lb/>qua, per e&longs;&longs;ere &longs;emplicemente graue, resta dun&shy;<lb/>que che &longs;ia maggiore. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>L'ottaua ragione, &longs;uppone della terra &amp; del&shy;<lb/>l'acqua e&longs;&longs;ere composto un &longs;ol globo, il che e&longs;&longs;en&shy;<lb/>do uero, &longs;ar&agrave; di nece&szlig;it &agrave; l'acqua concentrica con <lb/>la terra: profondando&longs;i adunque piu la terra, &amp; <lb/>re&longs;tando nondimeno pi&ugrave; rileuata dell'acqua, &longs;en&shy;<lb/>za dubbiore&longs;tar &agrave; maggiore, ancora che &longs;i profon<lb/>da&szlig;e &longs;ino al centro della terra. </s>

<s>perche l'acqua <lb/>nel profondar&longs;i &longs;i mouerebbe piramidalmente. <lb/></s>

<s>Que&longs;te &longs;ono le migliori ragioni c'ho potuto caua-<pb xlink:href="008/01/011.jpg" pagenum="11"/>re dal di&longs;cor&longs;o del Picolomini. <!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main">

<s>Finalmente nel capo decimoterzo, con &longs;cioglie <lb/>re leragioni di Aristotile, s'ingegna ancora dimo<lb/>&longs;tr are, che l'acqua &longs;ia maggiore della terra, in che <lb/>&longs;e habbia con&longs;eguito il &longs;uo intento, giudicaremo <lb/>nell'ultimocapo di que&longs;to no&longs;tro di&longs;cor&longs;o. </s>

<s>Intanto <lb/>ritorna, riprendendo l'opinione di vn'altro, raccon<lb/>tata nel capo &longs;eguente per dimo&longs;tr are, che non &longs;ia&shy;<lb/>no corpi eccentrici l'acqua &amp; la terra, ma con&shy;<lb/>centrici, il che appre&szlig;o di lui &egrave; argomento della <lb/>maggioranza della terra; poiche stima, che il <lb/>centro della grauezza &longs;ia il centro dell'vni&shy;<lb/>uer&longs;o, al quale andarebbono tutti gli corpi gra&shy;<lb/>ui, &longs;e dalla terra nonfo&longs;&longs;ero impediti, &amp; a que&shy;<lb/>&longs;to uuole che &longs;eguiti in ogni modo, che il centro del <lb/>la grauezza, &longs;ia vn mede&longs;imo col centro del&shy;<lb/>la grandezza, ancor che l'acqua circonda&szlig;e <lb/>tutta la terra, &amp; resta&longs;&longs;e come l'aria &amp; il fuo&shy;<lb/>co piu eminente: percioche non hauerebbe al&shy;<lb/>tro centro della &longs;ua grauezza, che il centro del&shy;<lb/>l'vniuer&longs;o. </s>

<s>con che pa&szlig;ando all'ultimo capo, con <lb/>longo ragionamento conchiude, e&szlig;ere &longs;tato nece&longs;&shy;<lb/>&longs;ario, che fo&longs;&longs;e maggiore la terra de ll'acqua: ac&shy;<lb/>cioche non re&longs;ta&longs;&longs;e tutta la terra inondata et &longs;om<lb/>mer&longs;a; &amp; perche l'ombra della terra &longs;ia &longs;olamen <pb xlink:href="008/01/012.jpg" pagenum="12"/>te cau&longs;a delli eccli&szlig;i della Luna, per e&longs;&longs;ere opaca, <lb/>&amp; l'acqua tra&longs;parente: laquale &longs;e per e&szlig;ere piu <lb/>alta della terra, fo&szlig;e cagione dell'eccli&longs;&longs;e della Lis <lb/>na, restarebbe con maggiore &amp; minore opacita <lb/>eccli&longs;&longs;ata, &longs;econdo le parti di dentro &amp; di fuori; <lb/>per il che conchiude, e&szlig;ere la terra maggiore. </s></p><p type="main">

<s><arrow.to.target n="marg3"/></s></p><p type="margin">


<s><margin.target id="marg3"/>Cap. 3.<!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main">

<s>Doppo lequali, lordine da noi proposto uole, che <lb/>pa&szlig;iarno alle ragioni, con le quali &longs;i dimo&longs;tr a e&longs;&longs;ere <lb/>piu uer a la &longs;entenza di Ari&longs;totile, che l'acqua &longs;ia <lb/>maggiore della t&eacute;rra: ben che per non e&longs;&longs;ere in un <lb/>globori&longs;tretta habbia minore profondit&agrave; &amp; nltez<lb/>za &longs;econdo il centro della <expan abbr="gr&atilde;dezza">grandezza</expan> della terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La primiera, con laquale intendiamo dimo&shy;<lb/>strare que&longs;ta uerit&agrave;, &longs;ar&agrave; fondata nella &longs;ostan&shy;<lb/>za della terra, laquale non &egrave; ugualmente graue, <lb/>ne den&longs;a, et bene unita &longs;econdo tutte le &longs;ue parti, <lb/>per il che era nece&longs;&longs;ario, che fo&szlig;e l'acqua con e&longs;&longs;a <lb/>lei me&longs;colata, accioche &longs;i pote&longs;&longs;e con giu&longs;to equili&shy;<lb/>brio fermare nel centro dell'uniuer&longs;o: Onde ch'e&longs;&shy;<lb/>&longs;endo l'acqua di gran longa men' graue della ter&shy;<lb/>ra, nece&longs;&longs;ario &egrave;, accio che la po&longs;&longs;a equilibr are &amp; <lb/>&longs;pingendola fermare nel centro del mondo, che in <lb/>quantit&agrave; auanzi e&longs;&longs;a terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La &longs;econda ragione, di cui intendiamo &longs;eruir&shy;<lb/>&longs;i a
questo propo&longs;ito, &longs;ar &agrave; questa, E&szlig;endo concen-<pb xlink:href="008/01/013.jpg" pagenum="13"/>trica l'acqua con la terra, &amp; minore, &longs;ar&agrave; nece&longs;&shy;<lb/>&longs;ario, formando&longs;i una &longs;uperficie di questo loro glo<lb/>bo sferica, che il centro della grandezza &amp; del&shy;<lb/>la grauezza della terra, &amp; dell'acqua, &longs;ia il me&shy;<lb/>de&longs;imo: il che da tutti gli filo&longs;ofi uiene riprouato, <lb/>poiche l'acqua me&longs;colata con la terra non re&longs;ti nel <lb/>&longs;uo proprio &amp; natio luogo collocata. </s>

<s>con che &longs;e&shy;<lb/>guirebbe, che il centro della grauezza non fo&longs;&longs;e <lb/>nel vniuer&longs;o di&longs;tinto dal centro della <expan abbr="gr&atilde;dezza">grandezza</expan>, <lb/>il che &longs;idimo&longs;tra e&longs;&longs;ere fal&longs;o. </s>

<s>dalle loro de finitio&shy;<lb/>ni, poiche il centro della grandezza, &longs;i stimi e&longs;&shy;<lb/>&longs;ere il mezo del firmamento, &amp;'il <expan abbr="c&etilde;tro">centro</expan> della gra&shy;<lb/>uezza piu to&longs;to il punto, che &longs;i troua nel mezzo <lb/>della linea, che diuide il corpo graue in due par&shy;<lb/>ti ugualmente graui, &longs;i come i piu &longs;aputi filo&longs;ofi <lb/>nel libro &longs;econdo dil Cielo in&longs;egnano, perche ap&shy;<lb/>pre&longs;&longs;o diloro, altro non &longs;ia il centro della grandez<lb/>za, che il centro <expan abbr="c&otilde;mune">commune</expan>, ugualmenti di&longs;tante dal <lb/>la circonferenza &longs;econdo tutte le &longs;ue parti, &amp; il <lb/>centro della graue&zgrave;&zgrave; a non altro, che il mezzo, al <lb/>quale di&longs;cendano tutti li corpi graui, come al pro&shy;<lb/>prio fine, il quale &longs;empre pende &amp; inchina a per&shy;<lb/>pendicolo, uer&longs;o il centro della <expan abbr="gr&atilde;dezza">grandezza</expan>, inqual <lb/>&longs;iuogliamodo, che resti &longs;o&longs;pe&longs;o il corpo graue; il che <lb/>la raggion' richiede, accio non &longs;iamo a&longs;tretti fin-<pb xlink:href="008/01/014.jpg" pagenum="14"/>gere un nouo corpo, ilquale &longs;ostenga la terra, che <lb/>nel centro del uniuer&longs;o ripo&longs;a: il che ancora molti <lb/>geografi confe&longs;&longs;ano apertamente, negando il cen&shy;<lb/>tro dil mondo e&longs;&longs;ere il centro della terra, accioche <lb/>non &longs;egua &longs;econdo il &longs;ito de i poli &amp; ordine de gli <lb/>elementi mutatione alcuna; &longs;i che i corpi graui <lb/>uolino al in s&ugrave;, &amp; i leggieri di&longs;cendano al ingi&ugrave;. <lb/></s>

<s>il che &longs;e &longs;ia uero, non puo e&longs;&longs;ere &longs;econdo l'uno &amp; <lb/>l'altro centro l'acqua <expan abbr="c&otilde;centrtca">concentrica</expan> con la terra, &amp; <lb/>per con&longs;eguente &longs;ar&agrave; po&szlig;ibile, che &longs;ia della terra <lb/>maggiore, &longs;e bene &longs;i conceda, che re&longs;ti concentri&shy;<lb/>ca &longs;econdo il centro della grauezza commune: <lb/>il che piu a propo&longs;ito &longs;ar&agrave; da noi nel progre&longs;&longs;o di&shy;<lb/>chiarato. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La terza ragione uien pre&longs;a dal ordine del&shy;<lb/>l'uniuer&longs;o, poiche gli elementi piu nobili habbia&shy;<lb/>no ottenuto luogo &longs;uperiore, &amp; per con&longs;eguenza <lb/>maggiore, il che &longs;e &longs;ia uero, poiche il fuoco &egrave; del&shy;<lb/>l'aria maggiore, &amp; l'aria dell'acqua, nell'ordine <lb/>della nobilt&agrave;; nece&longs;&longs;ario &egrave;, che l'acqua &longs;ia maggio&shy;<lb/>re della terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La quarta ragione &egrave; fondata nella proportio&shy;<lb/>ne &longs;econdo la quantit&agrave; de gli elementi, di cui f&agrave; <lb/>mentione Ari&longs;totile nel libro primo della meteo&shy;<lb/>ra, il te&longs;to <emph type="roman"/>12.<emph.end type="roman"/> laquale e&longs;&longs;endo decupla, come &longs;i <pb xlink:href="008/01/015.jpg" pagenum="15"/>proua nella generatione loro, &longs;i come il fuoco, che <lb/>&longs;i produce dell'aria re&longs;ta maggiore, &amp; l'aria del&shy;<lb/>l'acqua, &egrave; ancora nece&longs;&longs;ario, generando&longs;i l'acqua <lb/>nella corrutione della terra, che habbia maggior <lb/>quantit&agrave; ch'e&longs;&longs;a terra, per lo che &longs;i &longs;tima e&szlig;ere il <lb/>fuoco milecuplo maggiore della terra, &amp; il centa <lb/>plo de l'acqua, &amp; che l'aria &longs;ia il decuplo de l'ac&shy;<lb/>qua, &amp; il centuplo della terra: di cui &longs;ia il decu&shy;<lb/>plo l'acqua, concio&longs;ia co&longs;a che di un pugillo di ter&shy;<lb/>ra, &longs;e ne facciano dieci d'acqua. </s>

<s>Il che uol&longs;e Pla&shy;<lb/>tone che fo&szlig;e nece&longs;&longs;ario, accioche gli e&longs;tremi ele&shy;<lb/>menti, il fuoco &amp; la terra, con que &longs;ti duoi mez&shy;<lb/>zi dell'acqua &amp; dell'aria re&longs;ta&longs;&longs;ero congionti in&shy;<lb/>&longs;ieme: e&longs;&longs;endo nei corpi &longs;odi po&szlig;ibile il mezzo <lb/>uguale nella geometrica proportione. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La quinta ragione, &egrave; fondata nelli eccli&szlig;i del&shy;<lb/>la Luna, concio&longs;ia co&longs;a che &longs;e fo&longs;&longs;e la terra mag&shy;<lb/>giore &amp; piu eminente dell'acqua, &longs;arebbe po&szlig;ibi&shy;<lb/>le, che il corpo della Luna, &longs;i o&longs;cura&longs;&longs;e tal uolta <lb/>&longs;olamente &longs;econdo il centro, restando tutte l'al&shy;<lb/>tre parti illuminate, e&longs;&longs;endo la terra nella &longs;uper&shy;<lb/>ficie molto inuguale, &amp; pi&ugrave; eleuata nel polo antar<lb/>tico &longs;otto l'or&longs;e, che nell'artico, il che non e&longs;&longs;endo <lb/>giamai in tanti eccli&szlig;i auuenuto, &longs;ar &agrave; &longs;enza dub<lb/>bio, l'acqua maggiore della terra. </s></p><pb xlink:href="008/01/016.jpg" pagenum="16"/><p type="main">

<s>La &longs;e&longs;ta ragione, con la quale il mede&longs;imo &longs;i <lb/>dimo&longs;tra &egrave; que&longs;ta, &longs;e la terra fo&longs;&longs;e maggiore &amp; <lb/>pi&ugrave; eminente dell'acqua, leuata uia l'acqua, &longs;i <lb/>mouerebbe la terra al &longs;uo luogo, di che con la pruo<lb/>ua in mano &longs;i mostr&agrave; il contrario, poiche il fuoco, <lb/>tiri &agrave; &longs;e l'acqua per l'orificio del va&longs;o ri&longs;oaldato, <lb/>non tirando dopp&ograve; &longs;e la terra, &longs;i come Ari&longs;totile <lb/>al fine de i &longs;uoi libri del Cielo dimo&longs;tra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La &longs;ettima ragione, &longs;ar&agrave; que&longs;ta, &longs;e la ter&shy;<lb/>ra fo&longs;&longs;e maggiore dell'acqua, douunque &longs;i ri&shy;<lb/>troua piu eminente con i monti la terra, &longs;i ritro&shy;<lb/>uarebbeno l'acque tanto de mari, come de laghi, <lb/>&amp; fiumi minori, il che ne i mari &longs;ettentrionali &longs;i <lb/>&egrave; ritrouato in contrario, poiche iui in molti luo&shy;<lb/>ghi &longs;i &longs;iano ritrouati di profondit&agrave; inconmen&longs;u&shy;<lb/>r&agrave;bile, &longs;i come Holao magno nel libro &longs;econdo al <lb/>capo x. delle historie Gotiche &longs;criue, per il che &longs;a&shy;<lb/>r&agrave; &longs;enza dubbio nece&longs;&longs;ario, che l'acqua re&longs;ti mag<lb/>giore della terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>L'ottaua ragione uien fondata nella purit&agrave; &amp; <lb/>impurita de gli elementi e&longs;&longs;endo adonque per <lb/>la maggior purit&agrave; il fuoco de gli altri maggiore, <lb/>&longs;ar&agrave; etiamdio nece&longs;&longs;ario che l'acqua e&longs;&longs;endo ele&shy;<lb/>mento piu puro della terra, nella quale &longs;i ritro&shy;<lb/>uano acaue, aere, &amp; fuoco, in&longs;ieme me&longs;colati, che <pb xlink:href="008/01/017.jpg" pagenum="17"/>&longs;ia l'acqua dell&agrave; terra maggiore. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La nona ragione &longs;egue la quantit&agrave; della ma&shy;<lb/>teria, che cia&longs;cuno elemento ha ottenuto nella &longs;ua <lb/>generatione: hauendo adonque l'acqua piu cop&shy;<lb/>pia di materia, poiche immediatamente &longs;i puo del <lb/>l'aria &amp; della terra produrr&egrave;, &longs;ar&agrave;uero che &longs;ia <lb/>della terra maggiore. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La decima ragione, uien tolta dalla genera&shy;<lb/>tione de gli elementi, i quali &longs;i &longs;tima e&longs;&longs;ere &longs;tati <lb/>prodotti dalla prima materia &amp; prime qualit &agrave; <lb/>con l'aiuto del Cielo. <!-- KEEP S--></s>

<s>E&longs;&longs;endo adonque il fuoco per <lb/>e&longs;&longs;ere piu vicino al Cielo primieramente prodot&shy;<lb/>to &amp; maggiore de gli altri, la ragion uuole, che <lb/>l'acqua e&longs;&longs;endo dianci la terra prodotta, etiam&shy;<lb/>dio &longs;ia della terra maggiore. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>L'vndecima ragione, resta fondata nella ne&shy;<lb/>ce&szlig;it&agrave; de l'ordine di questo uniuer&longs;o, concio&longs;ia <lb/>co&longs;a che per dar lume a que&longs;to Mondo inferiore, <lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ario fo&longs;&longs;e che gli corpi per&longs;picui &amp; tran&longs;pa&shy;<lb/>renti auanza&longs;&longs;ero non &longs;olamenti in numero ma <lb/>in quantit&agrave; ancora gli opacchi; re&longs;tando adonque <lb/>l'acqua pi&ugrave; tr&agrave; li per &longs;picui che &longs;r&agrave; gli opacchi, do&shy;<lb/>ueua e&longs;&longs;ere della terra maggiore, acci&ograve; la luce me <lb/>glio pote&longs;&longs;e tutte le parti della terra penetrare. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La duodecima ragione, na&longs;ce dal principio <pb xlink:href="008/01/018.jpg" pagenum="18"/>commune di tutte le co&longs;e, il qual' e&longs;&longs;endo il &longs;eme <lb/>caldo &amp; humido, accio fo&longs;&longs;e bastante in infinito <lb/>di produrre tante &amp; diuer&longs;e co&longs;e, per e&longs;&longs;ere di na&shy;<lb/>tura acqueo &amp; aereo: era conueneuole, che l'ac&shy;<lb/>qua fo&longs;&longs;e maggiore della terra, laquale &longs;i stima <lb/>e&szlig;ere inetti&szlig;ima alla generatione. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La terzadecima ragione &egrave; fondata nella con&shy;<lb/>formit&agrave; &longs;econdo le qualit&agrave; dell'elementi, e&longs;&longs;endo <lb/>adonque l'acqua conforme a l'aria &longs;econdo la leg&shy;<lb/>gerezza &amp; humidit &agrave;, &amp; l'aria col fuoco &longs;econdo <lb/>la caldezza &amp; leggerezza. </s>

<s>con che il &longs;uperio&shy;<lb/>re di maggioranza eccede l'inferiore, &longs;ere&longs;ta l'ac <lb/>qua naturalmente doppo l'aria, re&longs;tar&agrave; in ogni <lb/>modo della terra maggiore. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La decimaquartar agione uiene fondata nel&shy;<lb/>l'attiuita de gli elementi, nella quale &longs;i compren&shy;<lb/>de que&longs;ta proportione, che oue &longs;i troua attiuita <lb/>maggiore iui &longs;i ritroua la re&longs;i&longs;tenza minore, il che <lb/>non procede che dalla quantita della materia con <lb/>ueneuole a cia&longs;cun' elemento: e&longs;&longs;endo adonque <lb/>l'acqua di attiuita maggiore della terra. nece&longs;&shy;<lb/>&longs;ario &egrave;, che re&longs;ti a lei nella quantita &longs;uperiore. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La decimaquinta ragione na&longs;ce da l'ordine &longs;e <lb/>condo il &longs;uo dell'uniuer&longs;o: e&longs;&longs;endo adonque later <lb/>ra il &longs;uo centro, &amp; il Cielo la &longs;ua circonferenza, <pb xlink:href="008/01/019.jpg" pagenum="19"/>la quale auanza di maggioranza il centro che <lb/>&longs;i stima e&longs;&longs;ere &longs;imile al punto. </s>

<s>Se &longs;ia l'acqua piu <lb/>conforme come l'aria alla circonferenza perche <lb/>non &longs;ia a&longs;&longs;olut amente graue, nece&longs;&longs;ario &longs;ar&agrave;, che <lb/>restimaggiore. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La decima&longs;e&longs;ta ragione &longs;ar&agrave; que&longs;ta. </s>

<s>e&longs;&longs;endo <lb/>co&longs;a chiara che la terra &longs;ia &longs;imile ad una &longs;pong a <lb/>cauerno&longs;a &amp; porro&longs;a, &longs;e &longs;i preme&szlig;e bene &longs;econ&shy;<lb/>do tutte le &longs;ue parti, di gran long a re&longs;tarebbe mi<lb/>nore: il che non &longs;i puo de l'acqua affermare, per <lb/>e&longs;&longs;ere pi&ugrave; continua &amp; uguale &longs;econdo tutte le &longs;ue <lb/>parti, onde che naturalmente &longs;ar&agrave; l'acqua della <lb/>terra maggiore. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La decima&longs;ettima ragione re&longs;ta fondata nella <lb/>piu perfetta sfericita dell'acqua: percio che ugual<lb/>mente &longs;i moua al centro &amp; alla circonferenza. <lb/></s>

<s>il che ricerca che &longs;ia della terra maggiore: &longs;i co&shy;<lb/>me l'aria col fuoco e&longs;&longs;endo piu perfettamente sfe&shy;<lb/>rici de l'acqua &amp; della terra, &longs;ono di gran longa <lb/>maggiori. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La decima ottaua ragione &longs;ar&agrave; tale. </s>

<s>Poi che <lb/>dianci l'ordine dil Chaos &amp; nel diluuio generale <lb/><expan abbr="bau&etilde;do">bauendo</expan> l'acque &longs;uperato la terra, fi &longs;iano &longs;olamen<lb/>ti ritir ate ne totalmente con&longs;umate, &egrave; nece&szlig;a&shy;<lb/>rio che &longs;iano della terra maggiori. </s></p><pb xlink:href="008/01/020.jpg" pagenum="20"/><p type="main">

<s>La decimanona ragione &longs;i puo cauare &longs;eguen<lb/>do i peripatetici dalla eternit&agrave; del mondo, per&shy;<lb/>cioche &longs;e l'acqua gi&agrave; per infiniti &longs;ecoli pa&longs;&longs;ati &amp; <lb/>&agrave; auenire, fo&longs;&longs;e alla terra inferiore, &longs;arebbe or&shy;<lb/>mai tutta distrutta &amp; con&longs;ummata, e&longs;&longs;endo di <lb/>minor re&longs;istenza che la terra. </s>

<s>il che per&ograve; <expan abbr="n&otilde;">non</expan> &egrave; aue <lb/>nuto, e&longs;&longs;endo la generatione dell'acque piu faci&shy;<lb/>le &amp; continua che della terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La uente&longs;ima ragione, &egrave; fondata nelle inon&shy;<lb/>dationi dell'acque, lequali hanno &longs;ommer&longs;o mol<lb/>te terre, il che pare che &longs;ia argomento della mag<lb/>gioranza dell'acqua. </s>

<s>&amp; che habbia ottenuto po&shy;<lb/>tenza maggiore della terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La vente&longs;imaprima ragione, &longs;egue l'eccellen&shy;<lb/>za &amp; nobilt&agrave; de gl'elementi: e&szlig;endo adonque il <lb/>fuoco per la nobilt&agrave; &amp; eccellenza &longs;ua &longs;uperio&shy;<lb/>re all'aria, &amp; l'aria all'acqua, nece&szlig;ario &egrave;, che <lb/>l'acqua e&szlig;endo piu nobile &amp; eccellente della ter&shy;<lb/>ra, che &longs;ij d'e&szlig;a maggiore: &amp; che &longs;ia piu nobile: <lb/>non &longs;i pu&ograve; dubitare, poiche la terra &longs;ia &longs;imile al&shy;<lb/>la feccia &amp; piu opacca &amp; impura dell'acqua. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>A que&longs;te &longs;eguano l'altre dal Picolomini adot&shy;<lb/>te in fauore della &longs;entenza di Aristotile, nel <lb/>primiero capo del &longs;uo trattato, lequali &longs;aranno <lb/>per ordine da noi raccontate, accio al &longs;uo luoco <pb xlink:href="008/01/021.jpg" pagenum="21"/>&longs;iricono&longs;ca, &longs;e l'habbia o bene o male ri&longs;&longs;olte. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Viene adonque la primiera ragione pre&longs;a dal&shy;<lb/>l'auttorit&agrave; di Tolomeo, nel capo <emph type="roman"/>13.<emph.end type="roman"/> del quinto <lb/>libro dell' Almagesto, con che uuole che il &longs;pacio<lb/>che s'interpone tra noi &amp; lorbe Lunare, e&longs;&longs;ere <lb/>per dritta linea trentanoue uolte maggiore ch'il <lb/>&longs;emidiametro della terra: &amp; douendo que&longs;to &longs;pa&shy;<lb/>cio e&longs;&longs;ere ripieno, &longs;i come il fuoco auanz a l'aria, <lb/>&amp; l'ania l'acqua, ragioneuol co&longs;a &egrave;, che l'acqua <lb/>re&longs;timaggiore della terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>L'altr a ragione che &longs;egue uiene fondata nel&shy;<lb/>la &longs;omiglianza &longs;econdo il tutto &amp; le parti de gli <lb/>elementi: prouando&longs;i adonque nella generatione <lb/>dell'acqua, far&longs;ipiu ampia &amp; capace la materia <lb/>della terra, che non era prima, &amp; quella dell'ac&shy;<lb/>qua, mut ando&longs;inell'aria, poiche richieda ua&longs;o piu <lb/>capace, &longs;iamo a&longs;tretti di confe&longs;&longs;are, che &longs;i come <lb/>l'aria &egrave; maggiore dell'acqua, che co&longs;i ella &longs;ia del&shy;<lb/>la terra maggiore. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La terza ragione uien tolta dal &longs;ito de gli ele<lb/>menti, e&longs;&longs;endo adonque la terra allogiata nel cen<lb/>tro del mondo, &amp; il fuoco nel piu alto, &longs;egue che <lb/>l'acqua resti collocata doppo la terra, &amp; contigua <lb/>all'aria, &longs;econdo le parti che cuoprano la faccia <lb/>d'e&longs;&longs;a terra; il che e&longs;&longs;endo uero &longs;i come il fuoco <pb xlink:href="008/01/022.jpg" pagenum="22"/>resta dell'aria, &amp; dell'acqua maggiore, ragione&shy;<lb/>uole &egrave;, che l'acqua resti maggiore della terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La quarta ragione &longs;egue l'opinione d'alcuni fi&shy;<lb/>lo&longs;ofi, i quali credano che gli animali aquatici <lb/>&longs;iano non &longs;olamente maggiori ma in piu numero <lb/>de gli terre &longs;tri, il che &longs;ar&agrave; argomento che l'acqua <lb/>&longs;ia della terra maggiore. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La quinta uien tolta dalla i&longs;perienza, concio&shy;<lb/>&longs;ia co&longs;a che nauig ando il Mare uer&longs;o alcuna par&shy;<lb/>te molto lontana dal porto, di doue &longs;i&egrave; &longs;ciolto nel <lb/>arriuare, &longs;e nella &longs;piaggia &longs;ar&agrave; qualch'edificio <lb/>eminente, prima &longs;ar&agrave; la &longs;ommita di cotal' edi&shy;<lb/>ficio da nuoi ueduta, che la piu ba&longs;&longs;a parte di <lb/>quello: doue che per il contrario &longs;e la terra fo&longs;&longs;e <lb/>piu eleuata che l'acqua, &egrave; ugualmente la parte <lb/>inferiore del edificio o torre, &longs;i mostrarebbe pri&shy;<lb/>ma, concio&longs;ia co&longs;a che in tal ca&longs;o producendo&longs;i <lb/>un triangolo con due linee, che u&longs;cire ci imagi&shy;<lb/>na&szlig;imo dal occhio nostro, &amp; alla &longs;omma &amp; all <lb/>infima parte di quella torre, come in ba&longs;e di det&shy;<lb/>to triangolo arriua&longs;&longs;ero; e&longs;&longs;endo l'angolo da ba&longs;&longs;o <lb/>o retto, o maggiore di retto, &egrave; con&longs;eguentemente <lb/>maggiore la linea ch'alla cima arriua, che quella <lb/>non &egrave;, ch'alla piu ba&longs;&longs;a parte uiene, &longs;aria di me <lb/>&longs;tieri che douendo&longs;i prima uedere quell'oggetto, <pb xlink:href="008/01/023.jpg" pagenum="23"/>ch'&egrave; piu uicino prima, parimente la ba&longs;e dellator&shy;<lb/>re che la &longs;ommita &longs;i di&longs;copri&longs;&longs;e a gli occhi no&longs;tri, <lb/>come poi con certa figura dimo&longs;tra. </s>

<s><expan abbr="auen&etilde;do">auenendo</expan> adon<lb/>que il contrario, &longs;egno &egrave;, che l'acqua &longs;ij piu alta &amp; <lb/>eminente della terra, &agrave; che &longs;egue che &longs;ia maggio&shy;<lb/>re d'e&longs;&longs;a terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La &longs;e&longs;ta ragione resta fondata nell'auttorit&agrave; <lb/>d' Ari&longs;totile dil primo libro della meteora, al te&shy;<lb/>&longs;to <emph type="roman"/>12.<emph.end type="roman"/> nella quale col mezzo della proportione <lb/>geometrica &longs;i dimostra e&longs;&longs;ere maggiore l'acqua <lb/>della terra, &longs;i come il fuoco re&longs;ta dell'aria mag&shy;<lb/>giore, &amp; l'aria dell'acqua, percioche &longs;ia in pro&shy;<lb/>portione decupla un elemento dell'altro maggio&shy;<lb/>re. </s>

<s>poiche di dieci pugni di terra &longs;e ne produca&shy;<lb/>no cento di acqua, &longs;i come uiene ancora dimo&longs;tra <lb/>to nel &longs;econdo libro della generatione al te&longs;to <emph type="roman"/>37.<emph.end type="roman"/><lb/>oue par agona li elementi fr&agrave; loro, non &longs;olamenti <lb/>&longs;econdo le potenze &amp; uirt&ugrave;, ma etiamdio &longs;econ&shy;<lb/>do la grandezza &amp; quantit&agrave; loro, con che con&shy;<lb/>chiude apertamente l'acqua e&longs;&longs;ere maggiore della <lb/>terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La &longs;ettima ragione, uien tolta dall'auttorit&agrave; <lb/>di Strabone &amp; di Plinio, i quali hanno creduto <lb/>che l'acqua circondi tutta la terra, &amp; che hab&shy;<lb/>bia potenza &longs;opra e&longs;&longs;a terra, poiche &longs;ommerga <pb xlink:href="008/01/024.jpg" pagenum="24"/>&amp; ingioti&longs;ca molte terre. </s>

<s>il che argomento &longs;ar&agrave; <lb/>della maggioranza dell'acqua. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Que&longs;te &longs;ono le ragioni, con le quali &longs;i difende <lb/>la &longs;entenza di Ari&longs;totile, che l'acqua &longs;ia mag&shy;<lb/>giore della terra, il che intendendo noi di &longs;eguire. <lb/></s>

<s>Et acci&ograve; che re&longs;ti la &longs;udetta opinione piu &longs;tabile &amp; <lb/>ferma, nece&longs;&longs;ario &egrave; che dimo&longs;triamo in prima co&shy;<lb/>me natur almente non resti della terra &amp; de l'ac&shy;<lb/>qua compo&longs;to un globo concentrico &longs;econdo il cen&shy;<lb/>tro della magnitudine, dipoiche l'acqua non &longs;o&shy;<lb/>lamente &longs;ia sferica, ma etiamdio piu ugualmente <lb/>sferica della terra, &amp; finalmente che &longs;ia piu alta <lb/>&amp; eminente die&longs;&longs;a terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Quanto al primo capo adonque &longs;e l'acqua fo&longs;&shy;<lb/>&longs;e concentrica nel modo &longs;udetto con la terra, &amp; <lb/>che di e&longs;&longs;a &amp; la terra fo&longs;&longs;e composto un &longs;ol globo, <lb/>&longs;arebbe nece&longs;&longs;ario, che l'acqua fo&longs;&longs;e continua con <lb/>la terra, il che uiene riputato fal&longs;o, poiche <lb/>&longs;ia di natura &amp; &longs;pecie l'acqua diferente dalla <lb/>terra; hauendo qualit &agrave; diuer&longs;a &amp; propria circon<lb/>&longs;crittione e&longs;&longs;endo contigua alla terra &amp; parte di <lb/>tutto il globo compo&longs;to d'e&longs;&longs;a &amp; della terra. </s>

<s>Con <lb/>che &longs;eguirebbeno gl'inconuenienti da noi nella <lb/>ragione dellicentri allegati, i quali e&longs;&longs;endo di mol<lb/>ta importanza, nece&longs;&longs;ario &egrave; di confe&longs;&longs;are, che ue-<pb xlink:href="008/01/025.jpg" pagenum="25"/>ramente de l'acqua &amp; della terra non re&longs;ti for&shy;<lb/>mato un globo concentrico, &longs;econdo il centro pro<lb/>prio della grandezza, ma &longs;olamenti &longs;econdo il cen<lb/>tro della grauezza commune, poiche l'acqua re <lb/>sta etiam dio &longs;olamenti contigua con e&longs;&longs;a terra &amp; <lb/>non gia continua. </s>

<s>&amp; di circon&longs;crittione &longs;eparata, <lb/>come la difinitione della parte dil corpo dimo&longs;tra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Dipoiche l'acqua &longs;ia sferica come ancora <lb/>concede il Picolomini, &amp; piu sferica della terra, <lb/>facilmente &longs;i proua, poiche l'i&longs;perienza l'in&longs;egna. <lb/></s>

<s>concio&longs;ia co&longs;a che partendo&longs;i la Naue dal lido, <lb/>quando &longs;i troua in alto mare, i nauiganti non ve<lb/>dano piu il &longs;egno fermato nel lido, &longs;tando al piede <lb/>de l'arbor della Naue, come &longs;e <expan abbr="star&atilde;no">staranno</expan> nella cima, <lb/>di che altro non puo e&szlig;ere cagione, che la sferici&shy;<lb/>t&agrave; &amp; gonfiamento de l'acqua, come che &longs;ina&longs;con&shy;<lb/>dia poco a poco la Naue tutta, e&longs;&longs;endo nell'alto <lb/>mare a quelli, che &longs;tauano riguar <expan abbr="d&atilde;dola">dandola</expan> nelli alti <lb/>&longs;cogli. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Dipoi &longs;i proua l'acqua e&longs;&longs;ere sferica dacoloro, <lb/>i quali nauigando uanno alont anando&longs;i, &ograve; uero <lb/>appro&szlig;imando&longs;i alla tramontana, poiche quanto <lb/>piu uer&longs;o &longs;ettentrione &longs;i auicinano, tanto piu alte <lb/>proportionat amente nel cerchio meridiano gli ap<lb/>pari&longs;cano le &longs;telle, da loro uer&longs;o il no&longs;tro polo o&longs;&longs;er <pb xlink:href="008/01/026.jpg" pagenum="26"/>uate, &amp; per il contrario andando uer&longs;o mezzo <lb/>giorno, &longs;empre piu con la proportione dil camino <lb/>loro, &longs;i ueggan loro, le dette &longs;telle abba&longs;&longs;ando. <lb/></s>

<s>Di che ancora&egrave; chiaro argomento il uedere l'ac&shy;<lb/>qua &longs;opra le foglie mouer&longs;i ugualmenti in figura <lb/>sferica, poiche &longs;i moua ugualmenti &longs;econdo tutte <lb/>le &longs;ue parti alcentro &amp; alla circonferenza della <lb/>&longs;ua magnitudine. </s>

<s>di che &longs;i argomenta che &longs;ia piu <lb/>ugualmente sferica della terra, laquale al cen&shy;<lb/>tro &longs;olamenti ugualmente &longs;i profonda, &longs;econdo <lb/>tutte le &longs;ue parti. </s>

<s>e&longs;&longs;endo nella e&longs;trema &longs;uperficie <lb/>molto inuguale. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Et finalmente la figura dell'uniuer&longs;o lo richie&shy;<lb/>de, poiche debbano le parti etiamdio &longs;econdo la <lb/>figura e&longs;&longs;ere proportionate al tutto. </s>

<s>Con che pa&longs;&shy;<lb/>&longs;aremo &agrave; dimostrare con que&longs;ta ragione e&szlig;ere piu <lb/>perfettamente sferica l'acqua della terra. </s>

<s>perche <lb/>non &longs;i puo negare, che nell'e&longs;trema &longs;ua &longs;uperficie <lb/>non &longs;ia piu uguale della terra. </s>

<s>poiche londe piu <lb/>eminente &longs;opra la faccia dil mare, con figura <lb/>sferica inondano &amp; inalzano il corpo dil mare, <lb/>come nel nauigare &longs;i proua, con che argomenta&shy;<lb/>remo e&longs;&longs;ere ancora piu eminente della terra, co&shy;<lb/>me primieramente dalli eccli&szlig;i della Luna ca&shy;<lb/>gionati dall'ombra delle acque maritime &longs;i puo <pb xlink:href="008/01/027.jpg" pagenum="27"/>dimo&longs;trare, &amp; dal na&longs;condere &agrave; nuoi il Sole, &longs;i che <lb/>paia che &longs;i &longs;ommerga, &amp; atuffi nell'onde nel &longs;uo<lb/>tramontare. </s>

<s>A che aggiongano i nostri peripate&shy;<lb/>tici, che una gleba della terra piu &longs;i profondi di<lb/>una gleba dell'acqua e&longs;&longs;endo la terra o&szlig;olutamen<lb/>te graue, poiche la terra re&longs;ti atta di di&longs;cendere<lb/>al centro dell'uniuer&longs;o, &amp; l'acqua &longs;olamenti al<lb/>centro della grauezza: per il che natur almen&shy;<lb/>te re&longs;ta pi&ugrave; eminente l'acqua della terra. </s>

<s>Et &longs;e <lb/>cio non fo&longs;&longs;e, non &longs;i mouerebbe l'acqua alla con&shy;<lb/>caua parte dell'aria, ne &longs;arebbe dal fuoco tirata<lb/>non tir ando&longs;i la terra. </s>

<s>il che ancora con questa<lb/>ragione &longs;i puo mostrare, concio&longs;ia co&longs;a che &longs;e piu<lb/>alta fo&longs;&longs;e la terra dell'acqua, nece&longs;&longs;ario &longs;arebbe<lb/>che vno elemento natur almenti fo&longs;&longs;e luoco natu<lb/>rale &amp; proprio de due elementi, il che &longs;i troua e&longs;&shy;<lb/>&longs;ere impo&szlig;ibile, poiche natur almenti &longs;ia &longs;olamen<lb/>ti luoco di l'uno &amp; violentemente dell'altro: &longs;e <lb/>adonque &longs;ia uenuto, che resti un globo composto<lb/>dell'acqua &amp; della terra, non &egrave; pero da &longs;timare,<lb/>che tutte le parti dell'acque restino manco emi&shy;<lb/>nenti di e&longs;&longs;a terra, poiche &longs;ia &longs;tato nece&longs;&longs;ario accio<lb/>il calore de l'aere &amp; dil fuoco &longs;i contempera&longs;&longs;e col<lb/>&longs;reddo ecce&szlig;iuo de l'acqua che l'acqua fo&longs;&longs;e con&shy;<lb/>tigua all'aria. </s>

<s>onde che dil Mare non &longs;i conce-<pb xlink:href="008/01/028.jpg" pagenum="28"/>da, e&longs;&longs;endo che stando noi &longs;opra un monte mol&shy;<lb/>to lontano dal mare, benche &longs;iano altri mon&shy;<lb/>ti dimezzo, &longs;i uegga pero ilmare &amp; non la ter&shy;<lb/>ra piana. </s>

<s>Ne &longs;i puo negare che le neni lequali <lb/>ancora nella Etiopia &longs;i ritrouano &longs;opra i monti <lb/>della Luna &amp; le altre ne i pae&longs;i piu freddi non <lb/>&longs;iano piu eminenti &amp; alte della terra come anco&shy;<lb/>ra gli uapori acquei, i quali restano &longs;opra tut&shy;<lb/>ta la faccia della terra contigui alla sfera dell'a&shy;<lb/>ria. </s>

<s>Ne ci debbe incontrario adurre la &longs;uperficie <lb/>della terra &longs;coperta, et altezza delle montagne, <lb/>poiche per la &longs;alute de gli animali &longs;ia &longs;tato nece&longs;&shy;<lb/>&longs;ario alla prouidenza della natura di ritenere <lb/>con la uirt&ugrave; &amp; influenza del Cielo &amp; delle stelle <lb/>l'acque nelle concauita della terra, accio col mo&shy;<lb/>uimento uer&longs;o l'aria non copri&longs;&longs;ero tutta la terra. <lb/></s>

<s>con che re&longs;ta la &longs;entenza d' Aristotile pi&ugrave; che ue&shy;<lb/>ra, e&longs;&longs;ere l'acqua maggiore della terra, o &longs;iano gli <lb/>elementi in qual modo &longs;iuoglia puri, &ograve; uero impu&shy;<lb/>ri, poiche in questa qui&longs;tione non &longs;i habbia altra <lb/>con&longs;ideratione de gli elementi di quella, che ri&shy;<lb/>chiede la natura loro, conueneuole alla generatio<lb/>ne di tutte le co&longs;e &amp; constitutione dell'uniuer&longs;o. </s></p><p type="main">

<s><arrow.to.target n="marg4"/></s></p><p type="margin">

<s><margin.target id="marg4"/>Cap. <emph type="roman"/>4.<emph.end type="roman"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main">

<s>Pa&szlig;ando adonque al quarto capo da noi pro&shy;<lb/>posto, &longs;ar&agrave; nece&longs;&longs;ario di e&longs;aminare in prima gli <pb xlink:href="008/01/029.jpg" pagenum="29"/>&longs;uppo&longs;iti, ouero principij del Picolomini. <!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main">

<s>Quanto al primo adonque non concediamo, <lb/>che &longs;ia uero di tutta l'vniuer&longs;it &agrave; dell'acqua, &longs;e be <lb/>ne &longs;i po&szlig;a admettere dell'acque del mare, poiche <lb/>que&longs;te &longs;ole habbia mi&longs;urato nella &longs;uperficie dil <lb/>&longs;uo globo. </s>

<s>onde che &longs;e re&longs;ta&longs;&longs;ero tutte l'acque uni&shy;<lb/>te &amp; congregate in&longs;ieme, &longs;arebbono di gran longa <lb/>&longs;econdo la &longs;uperficie loro maggiori della &longs;uperficie <lb/>della terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Quanto al &longs;econdo della profondit&agrave; delli mari, <lb/>&longs;e bene &longs;e li conceda delli mediteranei, non &longs;e gli <lb/>concede per&ograve; de molti mari &longs;ettentrionali, poiche <lb/>Holao magno nelle hi&longs;torie gotiche al capo decimo <lb/>dil &longs;econdo libro affermi, nella Norueggia ritro&shy;<lb/>uar&longs;i mari &amp; laghi di tanta profondit&agrave;, che &longs;iano <lb/>in&longs;candagliabili, poiche hauendo fatto proua di <lb/>mi&longs;ur arli con tanta coppia de funi, che carica&shy;<lb/>uano una grandi&szlig;ima naue, gia mai fu po&szlig;ibile <lb/>ritrouare il fondo loro. </s>

<s>Il che ancora in alcune ca&shy;<lb/>riddi de no&longs;tri mari &longs;i ritroua, come che delli abi&szlig;i <lb/>dell'acque contenuti nella maggior profondit&agrave; del <lb/>la terra &longs;i ha da credere. </s>

<s>con che il terzo &longs;uppo&shy;<lb/>&longs;ito nel quale &longs;iaggiong ano i laghi, le paludi, fiu&shy;<lb/>mi &amp; fontire&longs;ta di poco <expan abbr="mom&etilde;to">momento</expan>, poiche oltre tut&shy;<lb/>te que&longs;t'acque apparenti nella e&longs;trema &longs;uper&longs;icie <pb xlink:href="008/01/030.jpg" pagenum="30"/>della terra molte ne &longs;iano in copia maggiore nelle <lb/>cauerne &amp; uoragini d'e&longs;&longs;a terra contenute &longs;ino <lb/>nel centro d'e&longs;&longs;a terra come il Cardano raconta. <lb/></s>

<s>talmente che nell'inferno &longs;itrouano acque per nu<lb/>ture il fuoco materiale che iui &longs;i troua d'i loro ua <lb/>pori. </s>

<s>il quarto &longs;uo &longs;uppo&longs;ito benche paia molto piu <lb/>efficace, non &longs;tringe &agrave; fatto, concio&longs;ia co&longs;a che mi&shy;<lb/>&longs;ur ando la profondit&agrave; della terra, re&longs;ti in&longs;ieme <lb/>mi&longs;urata tutta la profondit&agrave; dell'uniuer &longs;it &agrave; del&shy;<lb/>l'acqua e&longs;&longs;endo uero che l'acqua &longs;i ritroui in tut&shy;<lb/>te le sfere me&longs;colata con la terra &longs;i che d'e&szlig;a &amp; <lb/>della terra re&longs;ti formato un &longs;ol globo concentrico <lb/>come il Picolomini uuole: per il che non mi par <lb/>uero, &longs;e l'acque &longs;i profonda&longs;&longs;ero <expan abbr="t&atilde;to">tanto</expan> come la ter<lb/>ra, che non &longs;arebbeno percio maggiori d'e&longs;&longs;a ter&shy;<lb/>ra. </s>

<s>Et &longs;e pa&longs;&longs;aremo alquinto &longs;uo &longs;uppo&longs;ito, ritro&shy;<lb/>uaremo e&longs;&longs;ere di poco ualore, poiche non compren<lb/>da che l'acque de i mari &longs;in'ora cono&longs;ciuti &amp; na&shy;<lb/>uigati. </s>

<s>oltrei quali puo e&longs;&longs;ere &longs;e bene &longs;i &longs;ia &longs;co&shy;<lb/>perta qualche terra, che &longs;i <expan abbr="ritrouar&atilde;no">ritrouaranno</expan> altri ma <lb/>ri deppo quella terra &amp; ma&szlig;ime &longs;oito i circoli ar<lb/>tico &amp; antartico doue &longs;ono li mari profondi&szlig;imi <lb/>&amp; gelaticon infinita coppia d'acqua. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Restando adonque incerti que&longs;ti &longs;uoi &longs;uppo&longs;i&shy;<lb/>ti, non ci debbe &longs;opra di loro fare fondamento. <pb xlink:href="008/01/031.jpg" pagenum="31"/>&longs;i che &longs;ar&agrave; i&longs;pediente, che pa&szlig;iamo alle ri&longs;po&longs;te <lb/>portate alle'ragioni &amp; auttorit&agrave;, con lequali &longs;i di <lb/>fendeua la &longs;entenza di Ari&longs;totile. <!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main">

<s>Ri&longs;pondendo adonque nel capo nono dil &longs;uo <lb/>trattato alla prima ragione pre&longs;a dall'auttorit&agrave; <lb/>di Tolomeo, negache la sfera dell'aere compren&shy;<lb/>da tanto &longs;pacio, il che non p&ugrave;o con uerit&agrave; nega&shy;<lb/>re, poiche tre &longs;iano le sfere o &longs;ia regioni dell'aria, <lb/>delle quali incon&longs;ider atamente nega la terza, <lb/>nella quale le impre&szlig;ioni ignee &longs;ogliano produr&longs;i. <lb/></s>

<s>&longs;i che &longs;ar&agrave; l'aria &longs;econdo li duo modi dechiarati <lb/>pi&ugrave; grandi di que&longs;to globo poiche occupi &amp; piupro<lb/>fonda &amp; ampia sfera. </s>

<s>per il che resta l'auttorit&agrave; <lb/>di Tolomeo nella &longs;ua forza. </s>

<s>per dimostrare che <lb/>l'acqua &longs;ia maggiore della terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Alla &longs;econdar agione pre&longs;a dalla omogencita <lb/>d&egrave; gli elementi, con che &longs;i coglieua l'acqua e&longs;&longs;ere <lb/>maggiore della terra, percioche nella generatio&shy;<lb/>ne de l'acqua di un pugno di terra &longs;i proui pro&shy;<lb/>dur&longs;iun corpo maggiore, ri&longs;pondendo liber amen&shy;<lb/>te nega la con&longs;eguenza. </s>

<s>po&longs;cia che &longs;econdo la &longs;en<lb/>tenza de i peripatetici, ancora che in ogni parte <lb/>loro &longs;ucce&szlig;iuamente li quatro elementi &longs;iano ge&shy;<lb/>nerabili &amp; corrutibili, nondimeno in&longs;ieme &longs;econ&shy;<lb/>do il tutto non &longs;i po&szlig;ono generare ne meno cor-<pb xlink:href="008/01/032.jpg" pagenum="32"/>rompere, in che dimostra non ricordar &longs;i delli pre<lb/>cetti della loica, ne i quali que&longs;to &longs;i tiene per ue&shy;<lb/>ri&szlig;imo, che la co&longs;a po&szlig;ibile &longs;e &longs;i porra e&longs;&longs;ere non &longs;ia <lb/>in mo do alcuno impo&szlig;ibile, e&longs;&longs;endo adunque po&longs;&shy;<lb/>&longs;ibile, che &longs;econdo il tutto gli elementi &longs;i mutino, <lb/>non &longs;ar&agrave; impo&szlig;ibile, che in cotal modo &longs;iano gene <lb/>rabili &amp; corruttibili, &longs;i come &longs;i stimano attual&shy;<lb/>menti e&longs;&longs;ere &longs;econdo le loro parti. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Alla terza ragione, &longs;e l'acqua per la maggior <lb/>parte non copri&longs;&longs;e la terra, non &longs;i potrebbe con piu <lb/>ragione dire che l'aria nella di&longs;po&longs;itione de gli ele<lb/>menti fo&longs;&longs;e collocata &longs;opra dell'acqua, che &longs;opra <lb/>della terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Ri&longs;ponde il Picolomini, che non per e&longs;&longs;ere o mag<lb/>giore in quantita, l'uno elemento che l'altro, &longs;i <lb/>conuien loro quel &longs;ito che ritengono nel ordine del <lb/>vniuer&longs;o, ma &longs;olo per la maggior grauezzao leg<lb/>gerezza che, per natura &egrave; data loro, di maniera <lb/>che quando bene molto minore il fuoco fo&longs;&longs;e di <lb/>quel ch'egli&egrave;, &egrave; l'aria &ograve; la terra molto maggiore, <lb/>nondimeno punto piu &ograve; meno &longs;aria per natura la <lb/>forza e l'impeto in e&szlig;i, ingire la terra al piu ba&longs;<lb/>&longs;o de tutti, e il fuoco piu in alto, ne punto meno <lb/>l'aria &longs;otto dil fuoco, e l'acqua &longs;opra della terra. <lb/></s>

<s>che &longs;i facciano nella quantita che <expan abbr="h&atilde;no">hanno</expan> al pre&longs;en-<pb xlink:href="008/01/033.jpg" pagenum="33"/>te: nella qual ri&longs;po&longs;ta &longs;e bene &longs;i di&longs;tenda molto, <lb/>non ha pero po&longs;&longs;uto con&longs;eguire il &longs;uo intento, con&shy;<lb/>cio&longs;ia co&longs;a che gli elementi habbiano ottenuto due <lb/>&longs;pecie di luoco, l'uno della grauezza &amp; leggie&shy;<lb/>rezza loro, &amp; l'altro della capacita, accio non &longs;i <lb/>ritene&longs;&longs;e il uacuo: onde che la raggione &longs;udetta <lb/>conchiude efficacemente, ne &longs;i puo &longs;ciogliere con <lb/>que&longs;ia ri&longs;posta dil Picolomini. <!-- KEEP S--></s></p><p type="main">

<s>Alla quarta ragione tolta dalla moltitudine <lb/>dell'animali aquatici, nega la con&longs;eguenza, poi <lb/>che non &longs;ia nece&szlig;ario &longs;e bene il mare &longs;ia piu fecon<lb/>do della terra, che re&longs;ti maggiore de&szlig;a terra con&shy;<lb/>cio&longs;ia co&longs;a che in una piccola pe&longs;chiera grandi&szlig;i&shy;<lb/>ma coppia di pe&longs;ci &longs;inutri&longs;ca in che &longs;e haue&longs;&longs;e fat<lb/>to etiamdio mentione della maggior grandezza <lb/>oltre la moltitudine, hauerebbe dato maggior fe&shy;<lb/>de alla &longs;udetta ragione. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Alla quinta ragione tolta dal nauigare, ri&longs;pon<lb/>de al fine dilcapo nono, questo non auenire dalla <lb/>maggioranza dell'acqua, ma &longs;olamenti dalla sfe&shy;<lb/>ricita &longs;ua, percioche l'acqua &longs;ia sferica in che non <lb/>mi pare che ri&longs;ponda a pieno, poiche quanto piu <lb/>l'acqua &longs;ar&agrave; maggiore, piu to&longs;to &amp; facilmente &longs;i <lb/>cau&longs;er&agrave; &longs;imil'effetto, &longs;i come tuttauia prouiamo <lb/>nelle terre &amp; nelle Citt&agrave; che hanno monti o colli, <pb xlink:href="008/01/034.jpg" pagenum="34"/>oppo&longs;ti alla veduta nostra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Pa&longs;&longs;ando finalmente al decimo capo. </s>

<s>s'ingegna <lb/>di atterrare l'auttorit&agrave; d'Ari&longs;totile, fondata nel&shy;<lb/>la decupla proportione de gli elementi, con dire <lb/>che non &longs;i debba intendere della quantit&agrave; de gli <lb/>elementi, ma &longs;olamenti delle qualit&agrave;. </s>

<s>concio&longs;ia <lb/>co&longs;a che la quantit&agrave; &longs;econdo i precetti d'Ari&longs;to&shy;<lb/>tile non &longs;ia principio attiuo. </s>

<s>la cui ri&longs;po&longs;ta quan&shy;<lb/>to &longs;ia fuori di propo&longs;ito, lo ricono&longs;cerebbe qual &longs;i <lb/>uoglia mediocre filo&longs;ofo, poiche nel primo della me <lb/>teora al te&longs;to <emph type="roman"/>12.<emph.end type="roman"/> &amp; <emph type="roman"/>13.<emph.end type="roman"/> l'indrizzi alla quanti&shy;<lb/>ta. </s>

<s>&longs;e bene per darla meglio ad intendere, u&longs;i del&shy;<lb/>la mutatione loro &longs;cambieuole, che procede dalle <lb/>prime qualit&agrave; attiue &amp; pa&szlig;iue: con che &longs;i com&shy;<lb/>prende la materia prima che di prima era &longs;oget&shy;<lb/>to della terra, riceuere maggior esten&longs;ione et <expan abbr="qu&atilde;-tit&agrave;">quan&shy;<lb/>tit&agrave;</expan>, quando nella corruttione di un pugno diter<lb/>ra uiene &agrave; riceuere la forma dell'acqua, percio&shy;<lb/>che riceua rarit&agrave; maggiore, &longs;i come riceue den&longs;i&shy;<lb/>tamaggiore <expan abbr="qu&atilde;do">quando</expan> de l'acqua &longs;i produce la terra: <lb/>il che &longs;e &longs;ia uero, &longs;i come i migliori interpreti di <lb/>que&longs;to luoco affermano, non mi po&longs;&longs;o imaginare <lb/>chi habbia indotto il Picolomini, di attribuire <lb/>que&longs;ta decupla proportione alle qualit&agrave; de gli ele&shy;<lb/>menti, &longs;e bene la quantit&agrave; &longs;pogliata dalla mate-<pb xlink:href="008/01/035.jpg" pagenum="35"/>ria &amp; dalla forma non &longs;ia principio attiuo, la <lb/>quale per&ograve; non ha in que&longs;ta ragione luogo alcuno. <lb/></s>

<s>Etu&longs;ando Aristotile della geometrica proportio&shy;<lb/>ne &longs;i pu&ograve; attribuire alla quantita ancora de gli <lb/>elementi. </s>

<s>&longs;i come uiene &longs;critto d'Ari&longs;totile nel li&shy;<lb/>bro &longs;econdo della generatione al testo <emph type="roman"/>37.<emph.end type="roman"/> &amp; piu <lb/>oltre, doue in&longs;egna e&longs;&longs;ere gli elementi &longs;econdo la <lb/>quantita fr&agrave; loro compar abili, &longs;i come &longs;ono &longs;econ<lb/>do la uirt&ugrave; &amp; qualit&agrave; loro. </s>

<s>il che l'e&longs;empio che <lb/>&longs;oggionge l'afferma. </s>

<s>con dire che il &longs;en&longs;o giudichi <lb/>non e&longs;&longs;ere uguale la mole de gli elementi, poiche <lb/>l'acqua &longs;ia della terra maggiore, &longs;i come l'aria &egrave; <lb/>maggiore dell'acqua, &amp; il fuoco de l'aria: il che <lb/>&longs;e &longs;aranno in&longs;ieme par agonati etiamdio &longs;econdo <lb/>le parti dimostra, &longs;ogiungendo e&longs;&longs;ere po&szlig;ibile, che <lb/>di uno pugno d'acqua &longs;e ne producano &longs;ei di <lb/>aria, percioche la prima materia &longs;ia la mi&longs;ura <lb/>della quantita maggiore &amp; minore, con laquale <lb/>&longs;i mi&longs;urano l'acqua &amp; l'aria: con che pa&longs;&longs;ando <lb/>piu auanti, gli par agona ancora &longs;econdo le quali&shy;<lb/>t&agrave; loro. </s>

<s>A che uorrei che haue&longs;&longs;e auertito il Pico<lb/>lomininel &longs;udetto capo. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Et perche nel capo undecimo ri&longs;ponde alle auto&shy;<lb/>rita di Strabone &amp; d'altri delle quali <expan abbr="n&otilde;">non</expan> intendia<lb/>mo &longs;eruir&longs;i, &longs;ar&agrave; bene che pa&szlig;iamo alle ri&longs;po&longs;te del <pb xlink:href="008/01/036.jpg" pagenum="36"/>l'vltima ragione con le &longs;opradette allegata. </s>

<s>Alla <lb/>ragione adonque nella quale &longs;i diceua e&longs;&longs;er opi&shy;<lb/>nione famo&longs;a della maggioranza dell'acqua, ri&shy;<lb/>&longs;ponde anci e&longs;&longs;ere famo&longs;a, che la terra &longs;ia mag&shy;<lb/>giore dell'acqua, il che gli concederei uolun&shy;<lb/>tieri, &longs;e fo&longs;&longs;e piu antica &amp; da piu &longs;aputi huo&shy;<lb/>miniriceuuta, il che non pu&ograve; e&szlig;ere, e&longs;&longs;endo nuo&shy;<lb/>ua &amp; non ancora da tutti approuata, con che <lb/>la fine dil pre&longs;ente di&longs;cor&longs;o richiede, che con <lb/>maggior breuit&agrave; &amp; diligenza che &longs;ara po&szlig;ibile. <lb/></s>

<s>&longs;i ri&longs;ponda alle ragioni adotte in fauore della <lb/>&longs;ua opinione, delle quali la prima era fondata <lb/>nella maggiore profondit&agrave; della terra. </s>

<s>laquale &agrave; <lb/>mio giudicio non conchiude, &longs;e &longs;ia uero che del&shy;<lb/>l'acqua &amp; della terra &longs;ia composto un globo con&shy;<lb/>centrico, &longs;econdo il centro della grauezza &amp; del <lb/>la <expan abbr="gr&atilde;dezza">grandezza</expan>, il quale altro non &longs;ia come lui uuo&shy;<lb/>le, che il centro dell'uniuer&longs;o, con che e&longs;&longs;endo l'ac&shy;<lb/>qua in ogni sfera me&longs;colata con la terra, mi&longs;ur an<lb/>do questo globo concentrico. </s>

<s>nece&longs;&longs;ario &longs;ia che que <lb/>&longs;ta mi&longs;ura &longs;econdo la profondit&agrave; non &longs;olamenti &longs;ia <lb/>della terra, ma etiamdio dell'acqua, Et &longs;e pote&longs;&shy;<lb/>&longs;ero unir&longs;i tutte in&longs;icme l'acque &amp; congelando&longs;i <lb/>formar un globo &longs;eparato; re&longs;tarebbe &longs;enza dub&shy;<lb/>bio maggiore il globo dell'acqua &amp; piu uguale &amp; <pb xlink:href="008/01/037.jpg" pagenum="37"/>continuo di quello della terra, &longs;econdo tutte le <lb/>&longs;ue parti: &agrave; che &longs;iaggionge, e&szlig;ere questa mi&longs;ura <lb/>imaginaria, non e&longs;&longs;endo ancora mi&longs;urata la pro&shy;<lb/>portione della terra &longs;econdo la quantita che tiene <lb/>col Cielo &amp; gli altri elementi. </s>

<s>&amp; &longs;epure &longs;e le con&shy;<lb/>ceder&agrave;, re&longs;tar&agrave; commune atutta l'uniner &longs;it &agrave; del&shy;<lb/>l'acqua, laquale &egrave; parte de questo globo, &longs;e &longs;ia con <lb/>centrica &longs;econdo l'uno &amp; l'altro centro, &longs;i come il <lb/>Picolomini afferma: il che non &egrave; uero, &longs;e &longs;ia l'altra <lb/>parte dique&longs;to globo di &longs;pecie diuer&longs;a dalla terra, <lb/>onde che hauendo la propria circon&longs;crittione ha&shy;<lb/>ura oltre il centro commune della grauezza il <lb/>proprio della &longs;ua grandezza, &longs;i come &longs;i uede nel <lb/>le partidil corpo no&longs;tro, lequali oltre il centro com<lb/>mune di tutto il corpo che Galeno &longs;tma e&longs;&longs;ere l'um <lb/>bilico, hanno <expan abbr="eti&atilde;dio">etiandio</expan> il proprio centro della quan<lb/>tit&agrave; loro, poiche &longs;ian&ograve; parti di&longs;tinte &longs;econdo la pro<lb/>pria circon&longs;crittione, da che uien tolta la difinitio <lb/>ne de cia&longs;cuna parte, non e&szlig;endo nel corpo no&longs;tro <lb/>altro la parte &ograve; &longs;ia capo &ograve; mano, che q&ugrave;esla par&shy;<lb/>ticella che ha ottenuto certa &amp; di&longs;tinta. </s>

<s>circon&shy;<lb/>&longs;crittione, come dottamente in&longs;egna Galeno ne i <lb/>&longs;uoi libri del u&longs;o &amp; ufficio delle partidil corpo hu<lb/>mano: il che non cono&longs;cendo il Picolomini &longs;eguen&shy;<lb/>do i mathematici ha confu&longs;o il centro propio del-<pb xlink:href="008/01/038.jpg" pagenum="38"/>la magnitudine delle parti di &longs;pecie &amp; natura dif<lb/>ferenti col centro commune di tutto il corpo com <lb/>po&longs;to d'e&longs;&longs;e parti. </s>

<s>&amp; co&longs;i auenne &agrave; coloro che nel <lb/>trattare le co&longs;e d'importanza attendano &longs;olamen<lb/>te alle regole generali. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La &longs;econda ragione fondata nella <expan abbr="qu&atilde;tita">quantita</expan> del <lb/>li uapori non &longs;i admette, poiche in molti altri mo&shy;<lb/>di l'acque &longs;iano continuamente generate in que&shy;<lb/>&longs;lomondo inferiore, come dall'eshalationi terre&shy;<lb/>ne, dal aere contenuto nelle ui&longs;cere &amp; faccia della <lb/>terra. </s>

<s>come l'Agricola diligentemente narra nel <lb/>&longs;uo libro dell'acque. </s>

<s>A che &longs;i pu&ograve; aggiongere, che <lb/>della continua corruttione de gli altri elementi di <lb/>nuouo &longs;ia nece&szlig;ario che &longs;i producano l'acque, &longs;i <lb/>come della corruttione dell'acqua gli altri &longs;i pro&shy;<lb/>ducano, e&longs;&longs;endo nell'uniuer&longs;it&agrave; de gli elementi co&shy;<lb/>me dell'altre co&longs;e corruttibili, la corrutione del <lb/>vno, la generatione de l'altro, &amp; la generatione <lb/>del unola corrutionede, l'altroaccio &longs;i perpetui in <lb/>infinito lageneratione di tutte que&longs;te co&longs;e mortali. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La terza ragione fondata nel flu&longs;&longs;o &amp; reflu&longs;&shy;<lb/>&longs;o dil mare non conchiude, poiche &longs;olamenti com<lb/>prenda l'acque dilmare, lequali concediamo e&longs;&longs;e&shy;<lb/>re minori della terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La quarta ragione pre&longs;a dall'eminenza della <pb xlink:href="008/01/039.jpg" pagenum="39"/>terra, non ba tutta quella forza che il Picolomi&shy;<lb/>ni &longs;icrede, poiche incio il &longs;en&longs;o <expan abbr="c'ing&atilde;niper">c'inganniper</expan> laine&shy;<lb/>qualit&agrave; maggiore della &longs;uperficie della terra, di <lb/>cui&egrave; pi&ugrave; ugualmente sferica l'acqua. </s>

<s>onde che la <lb/>terra &longs;e haue&longs;&longs;e sfericit&agrave; perfetta, non &longs;arebbe <lb/>in luogo alcuno piu eminente della terra, poiche <lb/>&longs;ia nece&longs;&longs;ario &longs;econdo la qualit&agrave; motiua che re&longs;ti <lb/>contigua all'aria &amp; anco &longs;econdo la freddezza <lb/>&longs;ua, accio po&longs;&longs;a contemperare il calore dell'aria <lb/>&amp; dil fuoco, per la con&longs;eruatione ditutte que&longs;te <lb/>co&longs;e inferiori. </s>

<s>A che &longs;iaggionge ancora nella &longs;om&shy;<lb/>mita delli monti ritrouar&longs;iacque &amp; le neui con&shy;<lb/>tinue, lequali con gli uapori acquei circondano <lb/>tuttala &longs;uperficie della terra. </s>

<s>talmente che non <lb/>&longs;ia uero, benche molte acque &longs;i profondino nelle <lb/>concauita della terra, che la terra &longs;ia piu emi&shy;<lb/>nente dell'acqua; &agrave; che &longs;egue che non &longs;ia della <lb/>terra minore. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La quinta ragione della continenza dil luogo, <lb/>non &egrave; &agrave; propo&longs;ito, &longs;e &longs;ia uero che altramenti re&longs;ti&shy;<lb/>no ne l'ordine dell'uniuer&longs;o collocati gli elementi, <lb/>&longs;i che lorbe della Luna contenga il fuoco, &amp; il fuo<lb/>co l'aria, &amp; l'aria l'acqua, &amp; l'acqua la terra, co&shy;<lb/>me nel <emph type="roman"/>4.<emph.end type="roman"/> libro della Fi&longs;ica alte&longs;to <emph type="roman"/>6.<emph.end type="roman"/> &longs;iuede. </s>

<s>accio <lb/>non &longs;iamo astretti &longs;otto la terra porre altro corpo <pb xlink:href="008/01/040.jpg" pagenum="40"/>&longs;opra ilqual ripo&longs;i, &amp; di mano in m&agrave;no un'altro <lb/>in infinito; il che doi tutti li &longs;ilo&longs;o&longs;i &amp; mathema&shy;<lb/>tici &egrave; stimato impo&szlig;ibile onde &longs;e bene la terra <lb/>&longs;&egrave;condo le parti diui&longs;e dell'acqua &amp; con lei me&shy;<lb/>&longs;colat&agrave; &longs;i dice e&longs;&longs;ere il luogo dell'acqua non &longs;ar&agrave; <lb/>gi&agrave; &longs;econdo tutta l'vniuer &longs;it &agrave; loro. </s>

<s>po&igrave; ch'e&longs;&longs;endo <lb/>il centro dell'uniuer&longs;o indiui&longs;ibile non po&longs;&longs;a e&longs;&longs;er'<lb/>il continente della terra &longs;e bene &longs;ia il termine al <lb/>quale &longs;i moue &amp; nel quale &longs;i ripo&longs;a. </s>

<s>come Ari&longs;to&shy;<lb/>tile nel fine del libro <emph type="roman"/>2.<emph.end type="roman"/>del Cielo in&longs;egna. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La &longs;e&longs;tar agione fondata nel dominio della ter<lb/>ra ne i corpi mi&longs;ti, tanto animati come inanima&shy;<lb/>ti, non porta &longs;eco nece&szlig;it&agrave; alcuna, poiche que&longs;to <lb/>non &longs;ia auenuto per e&longs;&longs;ere la terra maggiore, ma <lb/>&longs;i bene accio li corpi re&longs;tando fermi &amp; &longs;odi &longs;i po&shy;<lb/>te&longs;&longs;ero con&longs;eruare, concio&longs;ia co&longs;a che con la me&shy;<lb/>de&longs;ima raggione &longs;arebbe nece&longs;&longs;ario, che il fuoco <lb/>e&longs;&longs;endo maggiore di tutti gli elementi, che pre&shy;<lb/>domina&longs;&longs;e nelli corpi naturali, il che pero non &egrave; <lb/>uero. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>La &longs;ettima ragione fondata nella di&longs;tanza &ograve; <lb/>&longs;ia profondit&agrave; &longs;econdo il centro, non stringe mol&shy;<lb/>to, &longs;e &longs;ia uero che l'acqua per la maggior parte <lb/>&longs;ia contenuta nelle ui&longs;cere della terra, &longs;i che re&shy;<lb/>&longs;sti formato un globo concentrico dell'acqua &amp; <pb xlink:href="008/01/041.jpg" pagenum="41"/>della terra, &longs;econdo il proprio &amp; mede&longs;imo cen&shy;<lb/>tro. </s>

<s>percioche la profondit&agrave; &longs;ar&agrave; uguale &amp; com<lb/>mu&ngrave;e all'acqua &amp; alla terra. </s>

<s>pa&longs;&longs;ando&longs;i ancora <lb/>per l'altezza dell'acque che &longs;i profondano &longs;ino al <lb/>centro della terra, ilquale &egrave; diui&longs;ibile, a differen&shy;<lb/>za dil centro dell'uniuer&longs;o, ilquale &egrave; termine del&shy;<lb/>li corpi graui, non che luogo continente, poiche &longs;e <lb/>condo la continenza non po&longs;&longs;a e&longs;&longs;ere uguale ad <lb/>alcuno corpo. <!-- KEEP S--></s>

<s>non &egrave; adonque que&longs;ta pro&longs;ondit&agrave; <lb/>propria della terra, ma di que&longs;to globo concen&shy;<lb/>trico compo&longs;to dell'acqua aere, fuoco, &amp; della ter&shy;<lb/>ra: laqu&agrave;le uenendo diui&longs;a in tre sfere, in qual <lb/>&longs;i &longs;ia di loro &longs;i ritrouano molt'acque, &longs;i come &longs;i ri&shy;<lb/>troua aria &amp; fuoco ancora. </s>

<s>percioche &longs;econdo la <lb/>&longs;entenza di Plotino &longs;enza mezo non &longs;i poteua <lb/>dell'acqua &amp; della terra formar&longs;i un globo. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>L'ottauar agione con che unole l'acqua e&longs;&longs;ere <lb/>concentrica con la terra &longs;i anulla con la distin&shy;<lb/>tione dil centro commune &amp; proprio della gran&shy;<lb/>dezza, &longs;e bene &longs;i conceda e&longs;&longs;ere l'acqua concen&shy;<lb/>trica &longs;econdo il centro della grauezza, poiche <lb/>&longs;ia impo&szlig;ibile, che natur almente un corpo &longs;ia luo&shy;<lb/>go de due corpi, non po&longs;&longs;endo&longs;i un luogo &longs;e non <expan abbr="uio-lentem&etilde;te">uio&shy;<lb/>lentemente</expan> attribuir&longs;e a due corpi, &longs;econdola &longs;cuo-<pb xlink:href="008/01/042.jpg" pagenum="42"/>la de peripatetici: non re&longs;tando adonque l'acqua <lb/>nel &longs;uo luoco naturalmente collocata, non &longs;ar&agrave; <lb/>in modo alcuno concentrica con la terra &longs;econ&shy;<lb/>do il centro della grandezza, Et che non &longs;ia <lb/>veramente concentrica &longs;i pu&ograve; con l'auttorit&agrave; <lb/>di Euclide prouare, poiche &longs;econdo il Picolo&shy;<lb/>mini re&longs;ta di circonferenza &egrave; cerchio minore <lb/>della terra, concio&longs;ia co&longs;a che per lo theorema <lb/>&longs;esto del terzo libro di Euclide. <!-- KEEP S--></s>

<s>il centro de <lb/>cerchi che fr&agrave; loro &longs;i toccano, &egrave; nece&szlig;ario che <lb/>non &longs;ia mede&longs;imo. </s>

<s>e&longs;&longs;endo adonque l'acqua sfe&shy;<lb/>rica &longs;e ben &longs;ia minore della terra, &longs;ar&agrave; il pro&shy;<lb/>prio cerchio contenuto &longs;econdo le ragioni dil Pico&shy;<lb/>lomini dal maggior cerchio della terra, con che <lb/>non haura il mede&longs;imo centro. </s>

<s>il che Aristotile <lb/>nel fine del &longs;econdo libro dilcielo uuole, poiche non <lb/>re&longs;ti l'acqua nel &longs;uo natio luogo &longs;i che circondi <lb/>tutta la circonferenza della terra: onde che non <lb/>puo &longs;econdo il centro della terra e&longs;&longs;er' concen&shy;<lb/>trica con e&longs;&longs;a terra. </s></p><p type="main">

<s>Non conchiudendo adonque le ragioni dil Pi&shy;<lb/>colomini, &longs;ar&agrave; bene che abbracciamo la &longs;enten&shy;<lb/>za d' Ari&longs;totile, laquale Plinio, Strabone, Tolo&shy;<lb/>meo &amp; molti filo&longs;ofi per tanti &longs;ecoli hanno &longs;tima-<pb xlink:href="008/01/043.jpg" pagenum="43"/>ta uera, &longs;e bene non cuopra tutta la faccia del&shy;<lb/>la terra, ne &longs;i comprenda e&longs;&longs;ere tanto profonda <lb/>come la terra: con che porr&ograve; fine al pre&longs;ente di&shy;<lb/>&longs;cor&longs;o, conba&longs;ciare humilmente la real mano <lb/>di V.A.per la felicit&agrave; di cui pregar&ograve; <lb/>il Sig. <!-- REMOVE S-->Dio no&longs;tro Signore <lb/>in perpetuo. </s>

</p><p type="main">

<s><emph type="center"/>IL FINE.<emph.end type="center"/><!-- KEEP S--></s></p><pb xlink:href="008/01/044.jpg"/>			</chap>		</body>		<back/>	</text></archimedes>