<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE archimedes SYSTEM "../dtd/archimedes.dtd" ><archimedes>   <info>

     <author>Galilei, Galileo</author>

     <title>The systems of the world</title>

     <date>1661</date>

     <place>London</place>

     <translator>Salusbury</translator>

     <lang>en</lang>

     <cvs_file>galil_syste_065_en_1661.xml</cvs_file>

     <locator>065.xml</locator>

</info>     <text>          <front>    



<section>      <pb xlink:href="065/01/001.jpg"/> <p type="head">







<s>THE 

<lb/>



SYSTEME 

<lb/>OF THE 

<lb/>WORLD: 

<lb/>IN FOUR 

<lb/>DIALOGUES. 

<lb/></s><s>Wherein the Two 

<lb/>GRAND SYSTEMES</s></p><p type="head"><s>Of <emph type="italics"/>PTOLOMY<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>COPERNICUS<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>are largely di&longs;cour&longs;ed of:</s></p><p type="head"><s>And the <emph type="italics"/>REASONS,<emph.end type="italics"/> both <emph type="italics"/>Phylo&longs;ophical<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Phy&longs;ical,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>as well on the one &longs;ide as the other, <emph type="italics"/>impartially<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>indefinitely<emph.end type="italics"/> propounded:</s></p><p type="head"><s>By <emph type="italics"/>GALILEUS GALILEUS LINCEUS,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>A <emph type="italics"/>Gentleman<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>FLORENCE:<emph.end type="italics"/> Extraordinary <emph type="italics"/>Profe&longs;&longs;or<emph.end type="italics"/> of 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Mathematicks<emph.end type="italics"/> in the UNIVERSITY of <emph type="italics"/>PISA<emph.end type="italics"/>; and 

<lb/>Chief <emph type="italics"/>Mathematician<emph.end type="italics"/> to the GRAND DUKE of <emph type="italics"/>TVSCANY.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"/>Ingli&longs;hed from the<emph.end type="italics"/> Original <emph type="italics"/>Itali&aacute;n<emph.end type="italics"/> Copy, <emph type="italics"/>by<emph.end type="italics"/> THOMAS SALUSBURY.</s></p><p type="head"><s>ALCINOUS, 

<lb/><foreign lang="greek">*dei_ d) e)leuge/rion ei)_nai th_| gnwmh_| r\n me/llonta filosofei_n.</foreign></s></p><p type="head"><s>SENECA, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Inter nullos magis quam inter PHILOSOPHOS e&longs;&longs;e debet aqua LIBERTAS.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"/>LONDON,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Printed by WILLIAM LEYBOURNE. MDCLXI.</s></p><pb xlink:href="065/01/002.jpg"/></section><section><pb xlink:href="065/01/003.jpg"/><p type="head"><s>To the mo&longs;t Serene Grand DUKE 

<lb/>OF 

<lb/>TUSCANY.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Though the difference between Men and other 

<lb/>living Creatures be very great, yet happly he that 

<lb/>&longs;hould &longs;ay that he could &longs;hew little le&longs;s between 

<lb/>Man and Man would not &longs;peak more than he 

<lb/>might prove. </s><s>What proportion doth one bear to 

<lb/>athou&longs;and? </s><s>and yet it is a common Proverb, <emph type="italics"/>One Man is 

<lb/>worth athou&longs;and, when as a thou&longs;and are not worth one.<emph.end type="italics"/> This difference 

<lb/>hath dependence upon the different abilities of their Intelle&shy;

<lb/>ctuals; which I reduce to the being, or not being a Philo&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>pher; in regard that Philo&longs;ophy as being the proper food of 

<lb/>&longs;uch as live by it, di&longs;tingui&longs;heth a Man from the common E&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ence of the Vulgar in a more or le&longs;s honourable degree accord&shy;

<lb/>ing to the variety of that diet. </s><s>In this &longs;ence he that hath the 

<lb/>highe&longs;t looks, is of highe&longs;t quality; and the turning over of 

<lb/>the great Volume of Nature, which is the proper Object of 

<lb/>Philo&longs;ophy is the way to make one look high: in which Book, 

<lb/>although what&longs;oever we read, as being the Work of Al&shy;

<lb/>mighty God, is therefore mo&longs;t proportionate; yet notwith&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tanding that is more ab&longs;olute and noble wherein we more 

<lb/>plainly de&longs;erne his art and skill. </s><s>The <emph type="italics"/>Con&longs;titution<emph.end type="italics"/> of the <emph type="italics"/>Vnivers,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>among all Phy&longs;ical points that fall within Humane Compre&shy;

<lb/>hen&longs;ion, may, in my opinion, be preferred to the Precedency: 

<lb/>for if that in regard of univer&longs;al extent it excell all others, it 

<lb/>ought as the Rule and Standard of the re&longs;t to goe before 

<lb/>them in Nobility. </s><s>Now if ever any per&longs;ons might challenge 

<lb/>to be &longs;ignally di&longs;tingui&longs;hed for Intellectuals from other men; <pb xlink:href="065/01/004.jpg"/><emph type="italics"/>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> were they that have had the honour to 

<lb/>&longs;ee farthe&longs;t into, and di&longs;cour&longs;e mo&longs;t profoundly of the <emph type="italics"/>Worlds 

<lb/>Sy&longs;teme.<emph.end type="italics"/> About the Works of which famous Men the&longs;e Dia&shy;

<lb/>lous being chiefly conver&longs;ant, I conceived it my duty to De&shy;

<lb/>dicate them only to <emph type="italics"/>Your Highne&longs;s.<emph.end type="italics"/> For laying all the weight 

<lb/>upon the&longs;e two, whom I hold to be the Able&longs;t Wits that 

<lb/>have left us their Works upon the&longs;e Subjects; to avoid a Sole&shy;

<lb/>ci&longs;mein Manners, I was obliged to addre&longs;s them to Him, who 

<lb/>with me, is the Greate&longs;t of all Men, from whom they can re&shy;

<lb/>ceive either Glory or Patrociny. </s><s>And if the&longs;e two per&longs;ons 

<lb/>have &longs;o farre illuminated my Under&longs;tanding as that this my 

<lb/>Book may in a great part be confe&longs;&longs;ed to belong to them, well 

<lb/>may it al&longs;o be acknowledged to belong to <emph type="italics"/>Your Highne&longs;s,<emph.end type="italics"/> unto 

<lb/>who&longs;e Bounteous Magnificence I owe the time and lea&longs;ure I 

<lb/>had to write it, as al&longs;o unto Your Powerful A&longs;&longs;i&longs;tance, (never 

<lb/>weary of honouring me) the means that at length I have had 

<lb/>to publi&longs;h it. </s><s>May <emph type="italics"/>Your Highne&longs;s<emph.end type="italics"/> therefore be plea&longs;ed to accept 

<lb/>of it according to Your accu&longs;tomed Goodne&longs;s; and if any 

<lb/>thing &longs;hall be found therein, that may be &longs;ub&longs;ervient towards 

<lb/>the information or &longs;atisfaction of tho&longs;e that are Lovers of 

<lb/>Truth; let them acknowledge it to be due to <emph type="italics"/>Your Self,<emph.end type="italics"/> who are 

<lb/>&longs;o expert in doing good, that Your Happy Dominion cannot 

<lb/>&longs;hew the man that is concerned in any of tho&longs;e general Cala&shy;

<lb/>mities that di&longs;turb the World; &longs;o that Praying for Your Pro&longs;pe&shy;

<lb/>rity, and continuance in this Your Pious and Laudable Cu&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tome, I humbly ki&longs;s Your Hands;</s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"/>Your Mo&longs;t Serene Highne&longs;&longs;es<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>Mo&longs;t Humble and mo&longs;t devoted</s></p><p type="main"><s>Servant and Subject</s></p><p type="main"><s>GALILEO GALILEI.</s></p></section><section><pb xlink:href="065/01/005.jpg"/><p type="head"><s>THE AUTHOR'S 

<lb/>INTRODUCTION.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Judicious Reader,</s></p><p type="main"><emph type="italics"/><s>There was publi&longs;hed &longs;ome years &longs;ince in<emph.end type="italics"/> Rome <emph type="italics"/>a &longs;alutiferous Edict, that, for 

<lb/>the obviating of the dangerous Scandals of the pre&longs;ent Age, impo&longs;ed a &longs;ea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;onable Silence upon the Pythagorean Opinion of the Mobility of the Earth. 

<lb/></s><s>There want not &longs;uch as unadvi&longs;edly affirm, that that Decree was not the produ&shy;

<lb/>ction of a &longs;ober Scrutiny, but of an ill informed Pa&longs;sion; &amp; one may hear &longs;ome mut&shy;

<lb/>ter that Con&longs;ultors altogether ignorant of A&longs;tronomical Ob&longs;ervations ought not 

<lb/>to clipp the Wings of Speculative Wits with ra&longs;h Prohibitions. </s><s>My zeale can&shy;

<lb/>not keep &longs;ilence when I hear the&longs;e incon&longs;iderate complaints. </s><s>I thought fit, as being thoroughly ac&shy;

<lb/>quainted with that prudent Determination, to appear openly upon the Theatre of the World as a Wit&shy;

<lb/>ne&longs;s of the naked Truth. </s><s>I was at that time in<emph.end type="italics"/> Rome; <emph type="italics"/>and had not only the audiences, but applauds of 

<lb/>the mo&longs;t Eminent Prelates of that Court; nor was that Decree Publi&longs;hed without Previous Notice given 

<lb/>me thereof. </s><s>Therefore it is my re&longs;olution in the pre&longs;ent ca&longs;e to give Foraign Nations to &longs;ee that this 

<lb/>point is as well under stood in<emph.end type="italics"/> Italy, <emph type="italics"/>and particularly in<emph.end type="italics"/> Rome, <emph type="italics"/>as Tran&longs;alpine Diligence can imagine 

<lb/>it to be: and collecting together all the proper Speculations that concern the<emph.end type="italics"/> Copernican Sy&longs;teme, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>to let them know, that the notice of all preceded the Cen&longs;ure of the<emph.end type="italics"/> Roman Court; <emph type="italics"/>and that there 

<lb/>proceed from this Climate not only Doctrines for the health of the Soul, but al&longs;o ingenious Di&longs;coveries 

<lb/>for the recreating of the Mind.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"/>To this end I have per&longs;onated the<emph.end type="italics"/> Copernican <emph type="italics"/>in this Di&longs;cour&longs;e; proceeding upon an Hypothe&longs;is 

<lb/>purely Mathematical; &longs;triving by all artificial wayes to repre&longs;ent it Superiour, not to that of the Im&shy;

<lb/>mobility of the Earth ab&longs;olutely, but according as it is mentioned by &longs;ome, that retein no more, but the 

<lb/>name of<emph.end type="italics"/> Peripateticks, <emph type="italics"/>and are content, without going farther, to adore Shadows, not philo&longs;ophizing 

<lb/>with requi&longs;it caution, but with the &longs;ole remembrance of four<emph.end type="italics"/> Principles, <emph type="italics"/>but badly under &longs;tood.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"/>We &longs;hall treat of three principall heads. </s><s>Fir&longs;t I will endeavour to &longs;hew that all Experiments that can 

<lb/>be made upon the Earth are in&longs;ufficient means to conclude it's Mobility, but are indifferently applicable 

<lb/>to the Earth moveable or immoveable: and I hope that on this occa&longs;ion we &longs;hall di&longs;cover many ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>vable pa&longs;&longs;ages unknown to the Ancients. </s><s>Secondly we will examine the C&oelig;le&longs;tiall<emph.end type="italics"/> Ph&oelig;nomena 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>that make for the<emph.end type="italics"/> Copernican Hypothe&longs;is, <emph type="italics"/>as if it were to prove ab&longs;olutely victorious; adding by the 

<lb/>way certain new Ob&longs;ervations, which yet &longs;erve only for the A&longs;tronomical Facility, not for Natural 

<lb/>Nece&szlig;ity. </s><s>In the third place I will propo&longs;e an ingenuous Fancy. </s><s>I remember that I have &longs;aid many 

<lb/>years &longs;ince, that the unknown Probleme of the Tide might receive &longs;ome light, admitting the Earths 

<lb/>Motion. </s><s>This Po&longs;ition of mine pa&longs;sing from one to another had found charitable Fathers that 

<lb/>adopted it for the I&longs;&longs;ue of their own wit. </s><s>Now, becau&longs;e no &longs;tranger may ever appear that defending him&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elf with our armes &longs;hall charge us with want of caution in &longs;o principal an Accident, I have thought 

<lb/>good to lay down tho&longs;e probabilities that would render it credible, admitting that the Earth did 

<lb/>move. </s><s>I hope, that by the&longs;e Con&longs;ider ations the World will come to know, that if other Nations have 

<lb/>Navigated more than we, we have not &longs;tudied le&longs;s than they; &amp; that our returning to a&longs;&longs;ert the Earths 

<lb/>Stability, and to take the contrary only for a Mathematical<emph.end type="italics"/> Capriccio, <emph type="italics"/>proceeds not from inadvertency 

<lb/>of what others have thought thereof, but (had we no other inducements) from tho&longs;e Rea&longs;ons that Pic&shy;

<lb/>ty, Religion, the Knowledge of the Divine Omnipotency, and a con&longs;ciou&longs;ne&longs;s of the incapacity of mans 

<lb/>Vnder&longs;tanding dictate unto us.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="065/01/006.jpg"/><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"/>With all I conceived it very proper to expre&longs;s the&longs;e conceits by way of Dialogue, which, as not being 

<lb/>bound up to the riggid ob&longs;ervance of Mathematical Laws, gives place al&longs;o to Digre&longs;sions that are 

<lb/>&longs;ometimes no le&longs;s curious than the principal Argument.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"/>I chanced to be &longs;everal years &longs;ince, at &longs;everal times, in the Stupendious Citty of<emph.end type="italics"/> Venice, <emph type="italics"/>where I 

<lb/>conver&longs;ed with<emph.end type="italics"/> Signore Giovan France&longs;co Sagredo <emph type="italics"/>of a Noble Extraction, and piercing wit. </s><s>There 

<lb/>came thither from<emph.end type="italics"/> Florence <emph type="italics"/>at the &longs;ame time<emph.end type="italics"/> Signore Filippo Salviati, <emph type="italics"/>who&longs;e lea&longs;t glory was the Emi&shy;

<lb/>nence of his Blood, and Magnificence of his E&longs;tate: a &longs;ublime Wit that fed not more hungerly upon 

<lb/>any plea&longs;ure than on elevated Speculations. </s><s>In the company of the&longs;e two I often di&longs;cour&longs;ed of the&longs;e 

<lb/>matters before a certain Peripatetick Philo&longs;opher who &longs;eemed to have no geater ob&longs;tacle in under&longs;tand&shy;

<lb/>ing of the Truth, than the Fame he had acquired by Ari&longs;totelical Interpretations.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"/>Now, &longs;eeing that inexorable Death hath deprived<emph.end type="italics"/> Venice <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> Florence <emph type="italics"/>of tho&longs;e two great Lights in 

<lb/>the very Meridian of their years, I did re&longs;olve, as far as my poor ability would permit, to perpetuate 

<lb/>their lives to their honour in the&longs;e leaves, bringing them in as Interlocutors in the pre&longs;ent Controver&longs;y. 

<lb/></s><s>Nor &longs;hall the Honest Peripatetick want his place, to whom for his exce&longs;sive affection to wards the Com&shy;

<lb/>mentaries of<emph.end type="italics"/> Simplicius, <emph type="italics"/>I thought fit, without mentioning his own Name, to leave that of the Author 

<lb/>he &longs;o much re&longs;pected. </s><s>Let tho&longs;e two great Souls, ever venerable to my heart, plea&longs;e to accept this pu&shy;

<lb/>blick Monument of my never dying Love; and let the remembr ance of their Eloquence a&longs;si&longs;t me in 

<lb/>delivering to Po&longs;terity the Con&longs;ider ations that I have promi&longs;ed.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"/>There ca&longs;ually happened (as was u&longs;uall) &longs;everal di&longs;cour&longs;es at times between the&longs;e Gentlemen, the 

<lb/>which had rather inflamed than &longs;atisfied in their wits the thir&longs;t they had to be learning; whereupon 

<lb/>they took a di&longs;creet re&longs;olution to meet together for certain dayes, in which all other bu&longs;ine&longs;s &longs;et a&longs;ide, 

<lb/>they might betake them&longs;elves more methodically to contemplate the Wonders of God in Heaven, and in 

<lb/>the Earth: the place appointed for their meeting being in the Palace of the Noble<emph.end type="italics"/> Sagredo, <emph type="italics"/>after the 

<lb/>due, but very &longs;hort complements<emph.end type="italics"/>; Signore Salviati <emph type="italics"/>began in this manner.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p></section></front>          <body>            <chap>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/007.jpg" pagenum="1"/><p type="head"><s>GALIL&AElig;US 

<lb/>Galil&aelig;us Lync&aelig;us, 

<lb/>HIS 

<lb/>SYSTEME 

<lb/>OF THE 

<lb/>WORLD.</s></p>	<p type="head"><s>The Fir&longs;t Dialogue.</s></p><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"/>INTERLOCVTORS.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"><s>SALVIATUS, SAGREDUS, and SIMPLICIUS.</s></p><p type="head"><s>SALVIATUS.</s></p><p type="main"><s>It was our ye&longs;terdayes re&longs;olution, and a&shy;

<lb/>greement, that we &longs;hould to day di&longs;cour&longs;e 

<lb/>the mo&longs;t di&longs;tinctly, and particularly we 

<lb/>could po&longs;&longs;ible, of the natural rea&longs;ons, and 

<lb/>their efficacy that have been hitherto al&shy;

<lb/>ledged on the one or other part, by the 

<lb/>maintainers of the Po&longs;itions, <emph type="italics"/>Aristotelian,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomaique<emph.end type="italics"/>; and by the followers </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg3"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican Sy&longs;teme<emph.end type="italics"/>: And becau&longs;e 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> placing the Earth among the moveable Bodies of Hea&shy;

<lb/>ven, comes to con&longs;titute a Globe for the &longs;ame like to a Planet; it 

<lb/>would be good that we began our di&longs;putation with the examina&shy;

<lb/>tion of what, and how great the energy of the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> ar&shy;

<lb/>guments is, when they demon&longs;trate, that this <emph type="italics"/>Hypothe&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/> is impo&longs;&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/008.jpg" pagenum="2"/>&longs;ible: Since that it is nece&longs;&longs;ary to introduce in Nature, &longs;ub&longs;tances 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg4"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>different betwixt them&longs;elves, that is, the C&oelig;le&longs;tial, and Elementa&shy;

<lb/>ry; that impa&longs;&longs;ible and immortal, this alterable and corruptible. 

<lb/></s><s>Which argument <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> handleth in his book <emph type="italics"/>De C&oelig;lo,<emph.end type="italics"/> in&longs;inu&shy;

<lb/>ating it fir&longs;t, by &longs;ome di&longs;cour&longs;es dependent on certain general a&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;umptions, and afterwards confirming it with experiments and per&shy;

<lb/>ticular demon&longs;trations: following the &longs;ame method, I will pro&shy;

<lb/>pound, and freely &longs;peak my judgement, &longs;ubmitting my &longs;elf to 

<lb/>your cen&longs;ure, and particularly to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> a Stout Champion 

<lb/>and contender for the <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totelian<emph.end type="italics"/> Doctrine.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg5"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg3"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"/>repu&shy;

<lb/>teth the earth &oelig; 

<lb/>Globe like to a Pla&shy;

<lb/>net.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg4"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>C&oelig;le&longs;tial &longs;ub&longs;tan&shy;

<lb/>ces that are inalte&shy;

<lb/>rable, and Elemen&shy;

<lb/>tary that be alte&shy;

<lb/>rable, are nece&longs;&longs;ary 

<lb/>in the opinion of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Ari&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg5"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>maketh 

<lb/>the World perfect, 

<lb/>becau&longs;e it hath the 

<lb/>threefold demen&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>on.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>And the fir&longs;t Step of the <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> arguments is that, where <emph type="italics"/>A&shy;

<lb/>ri&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> proveth the integrity and perfection of the World, telling 

<lb/>us, that it is not a &longs;imple line, nor a bare &longs;uperficies, but a body 

<lb/>adorned with Longitude, Latitude, and Profundity; and becau&longs;e 

<lb/>there are no more dimen&longs;ions but the&longs;e three; The World having 

<lb/>them, hath all, and having all, is to be concluded perfect. </s><s>And 

<lb/>again, that by &longs;imple length, that magnitude is con&longs;tituted, which 

<lb/>is called a Line, to which adding breadth, there is framed the Su&shy;

<lb/>perficies, and yet further adding the altitude or profoundity, there 

<lb/>re&longs;ults the Body, and after the&longs;e three dimen&longs;ions there is no 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;ing farther, &longs;o that in the&longs;e three the integrity, and to &longs;o &longs;peak, 

<lb/>totality is terminated, which I might but with ju&longs;tice have requi&shy;

<lb/>red <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> to have proved to me by nece&longs;&longs;ary con&longs;equences, the 

<lb/>rather in regard he was able to do it very plainly, and &longs;peedily.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>What &longs;ay you to the excellent demon&longs;trations in the </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg6"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>2. 3. and 4. Texts, after the definition of <emph type="italics"/>Continual<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s><s>have you it 

<lb/>not fir&longs;t there proved, that there is no more but three dimen&longs;ions, 

<lb/>for that tho&longs;e three are all things, and that they are every where? 

<lb/></s><s>And is not this confirmed by the Doctrine and Authority of the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg7"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Pythagorians,<emph.end type="italics"/> who &longs;ay that all things are determined by three, be&shy;

<lb/>ginning, middle, and end, which is the number of All? </s><s>And where 

<lb/>leave you that rea&longs;on, namely, that as it were by the law of Na&shy;

<lb/>ture, this number is u&longs;ed in the &longs;acrifices of the Gods? </s><s>And why 

<lb/>being &longs;o dictated by nature, do we atribute to tho&longs;e things that 

<lb/>are three, and not to le&longs;&longs;e, the title of all? </s><s>why of two is it &longs;aid 

<lb/>both, and not all, unle&longs;s they be three? </s><s>And all this Doctrine you 

<lb/>have in the &longs;econd Text. </s><s>Afterwards in the third, <emph type="italics"/>Ad pleniorem<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg8"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;cientiam,<emph.end type="italics"/> we read that <emph type="italics"/>All,<emph.end type="italics"/> the <emph type="italics"/>Whole,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Perfect,<emph.end type="italics"/> are formally 

<lb/>one and the &longs;ame; and that therefore onely the <emph type="italics"/>Body,<emph.end type="italics"/> among&longs;t 

<lb/>magnitudes is perfect: becau&longs;e it is determined by three, which is 

<lb/>All, and being divi&longs;ible three manner of waies, it is every way di&shy;

<lb/>vi&longs;ible; but of the others, &longs;ome are dividible in one manner, and 

<lb/>&longs;ome in two, becau&longs;e according to the number a&longs;&longs;ixed, they have 

<lb/>their divi&longs;ion and continuity, and thus one magnitude is continu&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg9"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ate one way, another two, a third, namely the Body, every way. 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/009.jpg" pagenum="3"/>Moreover in the fourth Text; doth he not after &longs;ome other Do&shy;

<lb/>ctrines, prove it by another demon&longs;tration? <emph type="italics"/>Scilicet,<emph.end type="italics"/> That no tran&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ition is made but according to &longs;ome defect (and &longs;o there is a tran&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ition or pa&longs;&longs;ing from the line to the &longs;uperficies, becau&longs;e the line is 

<lb/>defective in breadth) and that it is impo&longs;&longs;ible for the perfect to 

<lb/>want any thing, it being every way &longs;o; therefore there is no tran&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ition from the Solid or Body to any other magnitude. </s><s>Now 

<lb/>think you not that by all the&longs;e places he hath &longs;ufficiently proved, 

<lb/>how that there's no going beyond the three dimen&longs;ions, Length, 

<lb/>Breadth, and Thickne&longs;s, and that therefore the body or &longs;olid, 

<lb/>which hath them all, is perfect?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg6"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totles <emph type="italics"/>demon&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trations to prove 

<lb/>the dimen&longs;ions to be 

<lb/>three and no more.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg7"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The number three 

<lb/>celebrated among &longs;t 

<lb/>the<emph.end type="italics"/> Pythagorians</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg8"></margin.target>Omne, Totum &amp; 

<lb/>Perfectum.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg9"></margin.target>Or Solid.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>To tell you true, I think not my &longs;elf bound by all the&longs;e 

<lb/>rea&longs;ons to grant any more but onely this, That that which hath 

<lb/>beginning, middle, and end, may, and ought to be called perfect: But 

<lb/>that then, becau&longs;e beginning, middle, and end, are Three, the num&shy;

<lb/>ber Three is a perfect number, and hath a faculty of conferring 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Perfection<emph.end type="italics"/> on tho&longs;e things that have the &longs;ame, I find no inducement 

<lb/>to grant; neither do I under&longs;tand, nor believe that, for example, 

<lb/>of feet, the number three is more perfect then four or two, nor do 

<lb/>I conceive the number four to be any imperfection to the Ele&shy;

<lb/>ments: and that they would be more perfect if they were three. 

<lb/></s><s>Better therefore it had been to have left the&longs;e &longs;ubtleties to the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Rhetoricians,<emph.end type="italics"/> and to have proved his intent, by nece&longs;&longs;ary demon&longs;tra&shy;

<lb/>tion; for &longs;o it behoves to do in demon&longs;trative &longs;ciences.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>You &longs;eem to &longs;corn the&longs;e rea&longs;ons, and yet it is all the 

<lb/>Doctrine of the <emph type="italics"/>Pythagorians,<emph.end type="italics"/> who attribute &longs;o much to numbers; 

<lb/>and you that be a <emph type="italics"/>Mathematician,<emph.end type="italics"/> and believe many opinions in 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Pythagorick<emph.end type="italics"/> Philo&longs;ophy, &longs;eem now to contemn their My&shy;

<lb/>&longs;teries.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>That the <emph type="italics"/>Pythagorians<emph.end type="italics"/> had the &longs;cience of numbers in 

<lb/>high e&longs;teem, and that <emph type="italics"/>Plato<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf admired humane under&longs;tand&shy;

<lb/>ing, and thought that it pertook of Divinity, for that it under&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg10"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;tood the nature of numbers, I know very well, nor &longs;hould I be 

<lb/>far from being of the &longs;ame opinion: But that the My&longs;teries for 

<lb/>which <emph type="italics"/>Pythagoras<emph.end type="italics"/> and his &longs;ect, had the Science of numbers in &longs;uch 

<lb/>veneration, are the follies that abound in the mouths and writings 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg11"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of the vulgar, I no waies credit: but rather becau&longs;e I know that they, 

<lb/>to the end admirable things might not be expo&longs;ed to the con&shy;

<lb/>tempt, and &longs;corne of the vulgar, cen&longs;ured as &longs;acrilegious, the pub&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg12"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>li&longs;hing of the ab&longs;truce properties of Numbers, and incommen&shy;

<lb/>&longs;urable and irrational quantities, by them inve&longs;tigated; and di&shy;

<lb/>vulged, that he who di&longs;covered them, was tormented in the other 

<lb/>World: I believe that &longs;ome one of them to deter the common 

<lb/>&longs;ort, and free him&longs;elf from their inqui&longs;itivene&longs;s, told them that the 

<lb/>my&longs;teries of numbers were tho&longs;e trifles, which afterwards did &longs;o 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/010.jpg" pagenum="4"/>&longs;pread among&longs;t the vulgar; and this with a di&longs;cretion and &longs;ubtlety 

<lb/>re&longs;embling that of the prudent young man, that to be freed 

<lb/>from the importunity of his inqui&longs;itive Mother or Wife, I know 

<lb/>not whether, who pre&longs;&longs;ed him to impart the &longs;ecrets of the Senate, 

<lb/>contrived that &longs;tory, which afterwards brought her and many o&shy;

<lb/>ther women to be derided and laught at by the &longs;ame Senate.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg10"></margin.target>Plato <emph type="italics"/>held that 

<lb/>humane under&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tanding partook 

<lb/>of divinity, becau&longs;e 

<lb/>it understood num&shy;

<lb/>bers.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg11"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The My&longs;tery of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Pythagorick <emph type="italics"/>num&shy;

<lb/>bers fabulous.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg12"></margin.target>De Papyrio pr&aelig;&shy;

<lb/>textato, <emph type="italics"/>Gellius<emph.end type="italics"/> I:

<lb/>2. 3.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I will not be of the number of tho&longs;e who are over curi&shy;

<lb/>ous about the <emph type="italics"/>Pythagorick<emph.end type="italics"/> my&longs;teries; but adhering to the point 

<lb/>in hand; I reply, that the rea&longs;ons produced by <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> to prove 

<lb/>the dimen&longs;ions to be no more than three, &longs;eem to me conclu&shy;

<lb/>dent, and I believe, That had there been any more evident demon&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trations thereof, <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> would not have omitted them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Put in at lea&longs;t, if he had known, or remembred any more. 

<lb/></s><s>But you <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> would do me a great plea&longs;ure to alledge unto 

<lb/>me &longs;ome arguments that may be evident, and clear enough for me 

<lb/>to comprehend.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will; and they &longs;hall be &longs;uch as are not onely to be ap&shy;

<lb/>prehended by you, but even by <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf: nor onely 

<lb/>to be comprehended, but are al&longs;o already known, although hap&shy;

<lb/>ly unob&longs;erved; and for the more ea&longs;ie under&longs;tanding thereof, 

<lb/>we will take this Pen and Ink, which I &longs;ee already prepared for 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg13"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;uch occa&longs;ions, and de&longs;cribe a few figures. </s><s>And fir&longs;t we will note 

<lb/>[Fig. </s><s>1. <emph type="italics"/>at the end of this Dialog.<emph.end type="italics"/>] the&longs;e two points AB, and draw 

<lb/>from the one to the other the curved lines, ACB, and ADB, and the 

<lb/>right line A B, I demand of you which of them, in your mind, is 

<lb/>that which determines the di&longs;tance between the terms AB, &amp; why?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg13"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A Geometrical de&shy;

<lb/>mon&longs;tration of the 

<lb/>triple dimen&longs;ion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"/>S<emph.end type="italics"/>AGR. </s><s>I &longs;hould &longs;ay the right line, and not the crooked, as well 

<lb/>becau&longs;e the right is &longs;horter, as becau&longs;e it is one, &longs;ole, and deter&shy;

<lb/>minate, whereas the others are infinit, unequal, and longer; and my 

<lb/>determination is grounded upon that, That it is one, and certain.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We have then the right line to determine the length be&shy;

<lb/>tween the two terms; let us add another right line and parallel to 

<lb/>AB, which let be CD, [<emph type="italics"/>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 2.] &longs;o that there is put between them a 

<lb/>&longs;uperficies, of which I de&longs;ire you to a&longs;&longs;ign me the breadth, therefore 

<lb/>departing from the point A, tell me how, and which way you will 

<lb/>go, to end in the line C D, and &longs;o to point me out the breadth com&shy;

<lb/>prehended between tho&longs;e lines; let me know whether you will 

<lb/>terminate it according to the quantity of the curved line A E, or 

<lb/>the right line A F, or any other.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>According to the right A F, and not according to the 

<lb/>crooked, that being already excluded from &longs;uch an u&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But I would take neither of them, &longs;eeing the right line 

<lb/>A F runs obliquely; But would draw a line, perpendicular to C 

<lb/>D, for this &longs;hould &longs;eem to me the &longs;horte&longs;t, and the propere&longs;t of 

<lb/>infinite that are greater, and unequal to one another, which may be 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/011.jpg" pagenum="5"/>produced from the term A to any other part of the oppo&longs;ite line 

<lb/>C D.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Your choice, and the rea&longs;on you bring for it in my judg&shy;

<lb/>ment is mo&longs;t excellent; &longs;o that by this time we have proved that 

<lb/>the fir&longs;t dimen&longs;ion is determined by a right line, the &longs;econd name&shy;

<lb/>ly the breadth with another line right al&longs;o, and not onely right, 

<lb/>but withall, at right-angles to the other that determineth the 

<lb/>length, and thus we have the two dimen&longs;ions of length and 

<lb/>breadth, definite and certain. </s><s>But were you to bound or termi&shy;

<lb/>nate a height, as for example, how high this Roof is from the pave&shy;

<lb/>ment, that we tread on, being that from any point in the Roof, 

<lb/>we may draw infinite lines, both curved, and right, and all of di&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;e lengths to infinite points of the pavement, which of all the&longs;e 

<lb/>lines would you make u&longs;e of?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I would fa&longs;ten a line to the Seeling, and with a plummet 

<lb/>that &longs;hould hang at it, would let it freely di&longs;tend it &longs;elf till it 

<lb/>&longs;hould reach well near to the pavement, and the length of &longs;uch a 

<lb/>thread being the &longs;treighte&longs;t and &longs;horte&longs;t of all the lines, that could 

<lb/>po&longs;sibly be drawn from the &longs;ame point to the pavement, I would 

<lb/>&longs;ay was the true height of this Room.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Very well, And when from the point noted in the pave&shy;

<lb/>ment by this pendent thread (taking the pavement to be levell 

<lb/>and not declining) you &longs;hould produce two other right lines, one 

<lb/>for the length, and the other for the breadth of the &longs;uperficies of 

<lb/>the&longs;aid pavement, what angles &longs;hould they make with the &longs;aid 

<lb/>thread?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>They would doubtle&longs;s meet at right angles, the &longs;aid 

<lb/>lines falling perpendicular, and the pavement being very plain and 

<lb/>levell.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore if you a&longs;&longs;ign any point, for the term from whence 

<lb/>to begin your mea&longs;ure; and from thence do draw a right line, as 

<lb/>the terminator of the fir&longs;t mea&longs;ure, namely of the length, it will 

<lb/>follow of nece&longs;&longs;ity, that that which is to de&longs;ign out the largene&longs;s 

<lb/>or breadth, toucheth the fir&longs;t at right-angles, and that that which is 

<lb/>to denote the altitude, which is the third dimen&longs;ion, going from the 

<lb/>&longs;ame point formeth al&longs;o with the other two, not oblique but right 

<lb/>angles, and thus by the three perpendiculars, as by three lines, one, 

<lb/>certain, and as &longs;hort as is po&longs;&longs;ible, you have the three dimen&longs;ions 

<lb/>A B length, A C breadth, and A D height; and becau&longs;e, clear it 

<lb/>is, that there cannot concurre any more lines in the &longs;aid point, &longs;o 

<lb/>as to make therewith right-angles, and the dimen&longs;ions ought to 

<lb/>be determined by the &longs;ole right lines, which make between them&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elves right-angles; therefore the dimen&longs;ions are no more but 

<lb/>three, and that which hath three hath all, and that which hath all, 

<lb/>is divi&longs;ible on all &longs;ides, and that which is &longs;o, is perfect, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/012.jpg" pagenum="6"/><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>And who &longs;aith that I cannot draw other lines? </s><s>why 

<lb/>may not I protract another line underneath, unto the point A, 

<lb/>that may be perpendicular to the re&longs;t?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You can doubtle&longs;s, at one and the &longs;ame point, make no 

<lb/>more than three right lines concurre, that con&longs;titute right angles 

<lb/>between them&longs;elves.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I &longs;ee what <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> means, namely, that &longs;hould the 

<lb/>&longs;aid D A be prolonged downward, then by that means there might 

<lb/>be drawn two others, but they would be the &longs;ame with the fir&longs;t 

<lb/>three, differing onely in this, that whereas now they onely touch, 

<lb/>then they would inter&longs;ect, but not produce new dimen&longs;ions.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg14"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg14"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In phyfical proofs 

<lb/>geometrical exact&shy;

<lb/>ne&longs;s is not nece&longs;&longs;a&shy;

<lb/>ry.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I will not &longs;ay that this your argument may not be con&shy;

<lb/>cludent; but yet this I &longs;ay with <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> that in things natural 

<lb/>it is not alwaies nece&longs;&longs;ary, to bring <emph type="italics"/>Mathematical<emph.end type="italics"/> demon&longs;trations.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Grant that it were &longs;o where &longs;uch proofs cannot be had, 

<lb/>yet if this ca&longs;e admit of them, why do not you u&longs;e them? </s><s>But it 

<lb/>would be good we &longs;pent no more words on this particular, for I 

<lb/>think that <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> will yield, both to <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and you, with&shy;

<lb/>out farther demon&longs;tration, that the World is a body, and perfect, 

<lb/>yea mo&longs;t perfect, as being the greate&longs;t work of God.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So really it is, therefore leaving the general contempla&shy;</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg15"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tion of the whole, let us de&longs;cend to the con&longs;ideration of its parts, 

<lb/>which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> in his fir&longs;t divi&longs;ion, makes two, and they very diffe&shy;

<lb/>rent and almo&longs;t contrary to one another; namely the C&oelig;le&longs;tial, 

<lb/>and Elementary: that ingenerable, incorruptible, unalterable, un&shy;

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;ible, &amp;c. </s><s>and this expo&longs;ed to a continual alteration, mutati&shy;

<lb/>on, &amp;c. </s><s>Which difference, as from its original principle, he de&shy;

<lb/>rives from the diver&longs;ity of local motions, and in this method he 

<lb/>proceeds.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg15"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Parts of the world 

<lb/>are two, according 

<lb/>to<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle, <emph type="italics"/>C&oelig;le&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tial and Elemen&shy;

<lb/>tary contrary to 

<lb/>one another.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>Leaving the &longs;en&longs;ible, if I may &longs;o &longs;peak, and retiring into the 

<lb/>Ideal world, he begins Architectonically to con&longs;ider that nature 

<lb/>being the principle of motion, it followeth that natural bodies be 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg16"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>indued with local motion. </s><s>Next he declares local motion to be 

<lb/>of three kinds, namely, circular, right, and mixt of right and cir&shy;

<lb/>cular: and the two fir&longs;t he calleth &longs;imple, for that of all lines the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg17"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>circular, and right are onely &longs;imple; and here &longs;omewhat re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;training him&longs;elf, he defineth anew, of &longs;imple motions, one to be 

<lb/>circular, namely that which is made about the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> and the 

<lb/>other namely the right, upwards, and downwards; upwards, that 

<lb/>which moveth from the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/>; downwards, that which goeth to&shy;

<lb/>wards the <emph type="italics"/>medium.<emph.end type="italics"/> And from hence he infers, as he may by and ne&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg18"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ary con&longs;equence, that all &longs;imple motions are confined to the&longs;e 

<lb/>three kinds, namely, to the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> from the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> and about 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/>; the which corre&longs;ponds &longs;aith he, with what hath been 

<lb/>&longs;aid before of a body, that it al&longs;o is perfected by three things, and &longs;o 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/013.jpg" pagenum="7"/>is its motion. </s><s>Having confirmed the&longs;e motions, he proceeds &longs;aying, 

<lb/>that of natural bodies &longs;ome being &longs;imple, and &longs;ome compo&longs;ed of 

<lb/>them (and he calleth &longs;imple bodies tho&longs;e, that have a principle 

<lb/>of motion from nature, as the Fire and Earth) it follows that 

<lb/>&longs;imple motions belong to &longs;imple bodies, and mixt to the com&shy;

<lb/>pound; yet in &longs;uch &longs;ort, that the compounded incline to the part 

<lb/>predominant in the compo&longs;ition.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg16"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Local motion of 

<lb/>three kinds, right, 

<lb/>circular, &amp; mixt.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg17"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Circular, and 

<lb/>&longs;treight motions 

<lb/>are &longs;imple, as pro&shy;

<lb/>ceeding by &longs;imple 

<lb/>lines.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg18"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Ad medium, &agrave; me&shy;

<lb/>dio, &amp; circa medi&shy;

<lb/>um.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Pray you hold a little <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> for I find &longs;o many 

<lb/>doubts to &longs;pring up on all &longs;ides in this di&longs;cour&longs;e, that I &longs;hall be 

<lb/>con&longs;trained, either to communicate them if I would attentively 

<lb/>hearken to what you &longs;hall add, or to take off my attention from 

<lb/>the things &longs;poken, if I would remember objections.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will very willingly &longs;tay, for that I al&longs;o run the &longs;ame 

<lb/>hazard, and am ready at every &longs;tep to lo&longs;e my &longs;elf whil&longs;t I &longs;ail be&shy;

<lb/>tween Rocks, and boi&longs;terous Waves, that make me, as they &longs;ay, to 

<lb/>lo&longs;e my <emph type="italics"/>Compa&longs;s<emph.end type="italics"/>; therefore before I make them more, propound 

<lb/>your difficulties.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg19"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg19"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The definition of 

<lb/>Nature, either im&shy;

<lb/>perfect, or un&longs;ea&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>nable, produced by<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Ari&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You and <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> together would at fir&longs;t take me a 

<lb/>little out of the &longs;en&longs;ible World, to tell me of the <emph type="italics"/>Architecture,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>wherewith it ought to be fabricated; and very appo&longs;itly begin to 

<lb/>tell me, that a natural body is by nature moveable, nature being 

<lb/>(as el&longs;ewhere it is defined) the principle of motion. </s><s>But here I 

<lb/>am &longs;omewhat doubtfull why <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aid not that of natural bo&shy;

<lb/>dies, &longs;ome are moveable by nature, and others immoveable, for 

<lb/>that in the definition, nature is &longs;aid to be the principle of Motion, 

<lb/>and Re&longs;t; for if natural bodies have all a principle of motion, 

<lb/>either he might have omitted the mention of Re&longs;t, in the definiti&shy;

<lb/>on of nature: or not have introduced &longs;uch a definition in this place. 

<lb/></s><s>Next, as to the declaration of what <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> intends by &longs;imple 

<lb/>motions, and how by Spaces he determines them, calling tho&longs;e &longs;im&shy;

<lb/>ple, that are made by &longs;imple lines, which are onely the right, and </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg20"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>circular, I entertain it willingly; nor do I de&longs;ire to tenter the 

<lb/>in&longs;tance of the Helix, about the Cylinder; which in that it is in e&shy;

<lb/>very part like to it &longs;elf, might &longs;eemingly be numbred among &longs;im&shy;

<lb/>ple lines. </s><s>But herein I cannot concurre, that he &longs;hould &longs;o re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;train &longs;imple motions (whil&longs;t he &longs;eems to go about to repeat the 

<lb/>&longs;ame definition in other words) as to call one of them the motion 

<lb/>about the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> the others <emph type="italics"/>Sur&longs;um &amp; Deor&longs;um,<emph.end type="italics"/> namely up&shy;

<lb/>wards and downward; which terms are not to be u&longs;ed, out of the 

<lb/>World fabricated, but imply it not onely made, but already in&shy;

<lb/>habited by us; for if the right motion be &longs;imple, by the &longs;implicity 

<lb/>of the right line, and if the &longs;imple motion be natural, it is made on 

<lb/>every &longs;ide, to wit, upwards, downwards, backwards, forwards, to 

<lb/>the right, to the left, and if any other way can be imagined, pro&shy;

<lb/>vided it be &longs;traight, it &longs;hall agree to any &longs;imple natural body; or 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/014.jpg" pagenum="8"/>if not &longs;o, then the &longs;uppo&longs;ion of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> is defective. </s><s>It appears 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg21"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>moreover that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hinteth but one circular motion alone to 

<lb/>be in the World, and con&longs;equently but one onely Center, to 

<lb/>which alone the motions of upwards and downwards, refer. </s><s>All 

<lb/>which are apparent proofs, that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totles<emph.end type="italics"/> aim is, to make white 

<lb/>black, and to accommodate <emph type="italics"/>Architectur<emph.end type="italics"/> to the building, and not 

<lb/>to modle the building according to the precepts of <emph type="italics"/>Arthitecture:<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>for if I &longs;hould &longs;ay that Nature in Univer&longs;al may have a thou&shy;

<lb/>&longs;and Circular Motions, and by con&longs;equence a thou&longs;and Cen&shy;

<lb/>ters, there would be al&longs;o a thou&longs;and motions upwards, and 

<lb/>downwards. </s><s>Again he makes as hath been &longs;aid, a &longs;imple motion, 

<lb/>and a mixt motion, calling &longs;imple, the circular and right; and 

<lb/>mixt, the compound of them two: of natural bodies he calls &longs;ome 

<lb/>&longs;imple (namely tho&longs;e that have a natural principle to &longs;imple mo&shy;

<lb/>tion) and others compound: and &longs;imple motions he attributes 

<lb/>to &longs;imple bodies, and the compounded to the compound; but by 

<lb/>compound motion he doth no longer under&longs;tand the mixt of right 

<lb/>and circular, which may be in the World; but introduceth a mixt 

<lb/>motion as impo&longs;&longs;ible, as it is impo&longs;&longs;ible to mixe oppo&longs;ite motions 

<lb/>made in the &longs;ame right line, &longs;o as to produce from them a motion 

<lb/>partly upwards, partly downwards; and, to moderate &longs;uch an ab&shy;

<lb/>&longs;urdity, and impo&longs;&longs;ibility, he a&longs;&longs;erts that &longs;uch mixt bodies move 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg22"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>according to the &longs;imple part predominant: which nece&longs;&longs;itates 

<lb/>others to &longs;ay, that even the motion made by the &longs;ame right line is 

<lb/>&longs;ometimes &longs;imple, and &longs;ometimes al&longs;o compound: &longs;o that the &longs;im&shy;

<lb/>plicity of the motion, is no longer dependent onely on the &longs;im&shy;

<lb/>plicity of the line.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg20"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Helix about 

<lb/>the Cylinder may 

<lb/>be &longs;aid to be a &longs;im&shy;

<lb/>ple line.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg21"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>accom&shy;

<lb/>modates the rules of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Architecture <emph type="italics"/>to 

<lb/>the frame of the 

<lb/>World, and not the 

<lb/>frame to the rules.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg22"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right motion, &longs;ome&shy;

<lb/>times &longs;imple, ard 

<lb/>&longs;ometimes mixt ac&shy;

<lb/>cording to<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. How? </s><s>Is it not difference &longs;ufficient, that the &longs;imple and 

<lb/>ab&longs;olute are more &longs;wift than that which proceeds from predomi&shy;

<lb/>nion? </s><s>and how much fa&longs;ter doth a piece of pure Earth de&longs;cend, 

<lb/>than a piece of Wood?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Well, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>; But put ca&longs;e the &longs;implicity for this 

<lb/>cau&longs;e was changed, be&longs;ides that there would be a hundred thou&shy;

<lb/>&longs;and mixt motions, you would not be able to determine the &longs;im&shy;

<lb/>ple; nay farther, if the greater or le&longs;&longs;e velocity be able to alter 

<lb/>the &longs;implicity of the motion, no &longs;imple body &longs;hould move with a 

<lb/>&longs;imple motion; &longs;ince that in all natural right motions, the veloci&shy;

<lb/>ty is ever encrea&longs;ing, and by con&longs;equence &longs;till changing the &longs;impli&shy;

<lb/>city, which as it is &longs;implicity, ought of con&longs;equence to be immu&shy;

<lb/>table, and that which more importeth, you charge <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> with 

<lb/>another thing, that in the definition of motions compounded, he 

<lb/>hath not made mention of tardity nor velocity, which you now 

<lb/>in&longs;ert for a nece&longs;&longs;ary and e&longs;&longs;ential point. </s><s>Again you can draw 

<lb/>no advantage from this rule, for that there will be among&longs;t the 

<lb/>mixt bodies &longs;ome, (and that not a few) that will move &longs;wiftly, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/015.jpg" pagenum="9"/>and others more &longs;lowly than the &longs;imple; as for example, Lead, and 

<lb/>Wood, in compari&longs;on of earth; and therefore among&longs;t the&longs;e mo&shy;

<lb/>tions, which call you the &longs;imple, and which the mixt?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I would call that &longs;imple motion, which is made by a 

<lb/>&longs;imple body, and mixt, that of a compound body.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Very well, and yet <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> a little before you &longs;aid, 

<lb/>that the &longs;imple, and compound motions, di&longs;covered which were 

<lb/>mixt, and which were &longs;imple bodies; now you will have me by 

<lb/>&longs;imple and mixt bodies, come to know which is the &longs;imple, and 

<lb/>which is the compound motion: an excellent way to keep us igno&shy;

<lb/>rant, both of motions and bodies. </s><s>Moreover you have al&longs;o a little 

<lb/>above declared, how that a greater velocity did not &longs;uffice, but 

<lb/>you &longs;eek a third condition for the definement of &longs;imple motion, for 

<lb/>which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> contented him&longs;elf with one alone, namely, of the 

<lb/>&longs;implicity of the Space, or <emph type="italics"/>Medium<emph.end type="italics"/>: But now according to you, 

<lb/>the &longs;imple motion, &longs;hall be that which is made upon a &longs;imple line, 

<lb/>with a certain determinate velocity, by a body &longs;imply moveable. 

<lb/></s><s>Now be it as you plea&longs;e, and let us return to <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> who defi&shy;

<lb/>neth the mixt motion to be that compounded of the right, and cir&shy;

<lb/>cular, but produceth not any body, which naturally moveth with 

<lb/>&longs;uch a motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I come again to <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> who having very well, and 

<lb/>Methodically begun his di&longs;cour&longs;e, but having a greater aim to 

<lb/>re&longs;t at, and hit a marke, predefigned in his minde, then that to 

<lb/>which his method lead him, digre&longs;&longs;ing from the purpo&longs;e, he comes 

<lb/>to a&longs;&longs;ert, as a thing known and manife&longs;t, that as to the motions 

<lb/>directly upwards or downwards, they naturally agree to Fire, and 

<lb/>Earth; and that therefore it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that be&longs;ides the&longs;e bodies, 

<lb/>which are neer unto us, there mu&longs;t be in nature another, to which 

<lb/>the circular motion may agree: which &longs;hall be &longs;o much the more 

<lb/>excellent by how much the circular motion is more perfect, then the 

<lb/>&longs;treight, but how much more perfect that is than this, he deter&shy;

<lb/>mines from the greatne&longs;s of the circular lines perfection above the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg23"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>right line; calling that perfect, and this imperfect; imperfect, be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e if infinite it wanteth a termination, and end: and if it be fi&shy;

<lb/>nite, there is yet &longs;omething beyond which it may be prolonged. 

<lb/></s><s>This is the ba&longs;is, ground work, and ma&longs;ter-&longs;tone of all the Fabrick 

<lb/>of the <emph type="italics"/>Aristotelian<emph.end type="italics"/> World, upon which they &longs;uper&longs;truct all their 

<lb/>other properties, of neither heavy nor light, of ingenerable incor&shy;

<lb/>ruptible, exemption from all motions, &longs;ome onely the local, &amp;c. 

<lb/></s><s>And all the&longs;e pa&longs;&longs;ions he affirmeth to be proper to a &longs;imple body 

<lb/>that is moved circularly; and the contrary qualities of gravity, 

<lb/>levity, corruptibility, &amp;c. </s><s>he a&longs;&longs;igns to bodies naturally moveable 

<lb/>in a &longs;treight line, for that if we have already di&longs;covered defects in 

<lb/>the foundation, we may rationally que&longs;tion what &longs;oever may far&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/016.jpg" pagenum="10"/>ther built thereon. </s><s>I deny not, that this which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hitherto 

<lb/>hath introduced, with a general di&longs;cour&longs;e dependent upon univer&shy;

<lb/>&longs;al primary principles, hathbeen &longs;ince in proce&longs;s of time, re-inforced 

<lb/>with particular rea&longs;ons, and experiments; all which it would be 

<lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ary di&longs;tinctly to con&longs;ider and weigh; but becau&longs;e what hath 

<lb/>been &longs;aid hitherto pre&longs;ents to &longs;uch as con&longs;ider the &longs;ame many and 

<lb/>no &longs;mall difficulties, (and yet it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary, that the pri&shy;

<lb/>mary principles and fundamentals, were certain, firm, and e&longs;tabli&longs;h&shy;

<lb/>ed, that &longs;o they might with more confidence be built upon) it 

<lb/>would not be ami&longs;s, before we farther multiply doubts, to &longs;ee if 

<lb/>haply (as I conjecture) betaking our &longs;elves to other waies, we may 

<lb/>not light upon a more direct and &longs;ecure method; and with better 

<lb/>con&longs;idered principles of Architecture lay our primary fundamen&shy;

<lb/>tals. </s><s>Therefore &longs;u&longs;pending for the pre&longs;ent the method of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;to&shy;

<lb/>tle,<emph.end type="italics"/> (which we will re-a&longs;&longs;ume again in its proper place, and parti&shy;

<lb/>cularly examine;) I &longs;ay, that in the things hitherto affirmed by 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg24"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>him, I agree with him, and admit that the World is a body enjoy&shy;

<lb/>ing all dimen&longs;ions, and therefore mo&longs;t perfect; and I add, that as 

<lb/>&longs;uch, it is nece&longs;&longs;arily mo&longs;t ordinate, that is, having parts between 

<lb/>them&longs;elves, with exqui&longs;ite and mo&longs;t perfect order di&longs;po&longs;ed; which 

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;umption I think is not to be denied, neither by you or any 

<lb/>other.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg23"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The circular line 

<lb/>perfect, according 

<lb/>to<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle, <emph type="italics"/>and 

<lb/>but the right im&shy;

<lb/>perfect, and why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg24"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The world is &longs;up&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ed by the Au&shy;

<lb/>thor to be perfectly 

<lb/>ordinate.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Who can deny it? </s><s>the fir&longs;t particular (of the worlds 

<lb/>dimen&longs;ions) is taken from <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf, and its denominati&shy;

<lb/>on of ordinate &longs;eems onely to be a&longs;&longs;umed from the order which it 

<lb/>mo&longs;t exactly keeps.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg25"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg25"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Streight motion 

<lb/>impo&longs;&longs;ible in the 

<lb/>world exactly or&shy;

<lb/>dinate.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This principle then e&longs;tabli&longs;hed, one may immediately 

<lb/>conclude, that if the entire parts of the World &longs;hould be by their 

<lb/>nature moveable, it is impo&longs;&longs;ible that their motions &longs;hould be 

<lb/>right, or other than circular; and the rea&longs;on is &longs;ufficiently ea&longs;ie, 

<lb/>and manife&longs;t; for that what&longs;oever moveth with a right motion, 

<lb/>changeth place; and continuing to move, doth by degrees more 

<lb/>and more remove from the term from whence it departed, and 

<lb/>from all the places thorow which it &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively pa&longs;&longs;ed; and if 

<lb/>&longs;uch motion naturally &longs;uited with it, then it was not at the be&shy;

<lb/>ginning in its proper place; and &longs;o the parts of the World were 

<lb/>not di&longs;po&longs;ed with perfect order. </s><s>But we &longs;uppo&longs;e them to be per&shy;

<lb/>fectly ordinate, therefore as &longs;uch, it is impo&longs;&longs;ible that they &longs;hould 

<lb/>by nature change place, and con&longs;equently move in a right moti&shy;</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg26"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>on. </s><s>Again, the right motion being by nature infinite, for that 

<lb/>the right line is infinite and indeterminate, it is impo&longs;&longs;ible that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg27"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>any moveable can have a natural principle of moving in a right 

<lb/>line; namely toward the place whither it is impo&longs;&longs;ible to arrive, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg28"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>there being no pr&aelig;-&longs;inite term; and nature, as <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf 

<lb/>&longs;aith well, never attempts to do that which can never be done, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/017.jpg" pagenum="11"/>nor e&longs;&longs;aies to move whither it is impo&longs;&longs;ible to arrive. </s><s>And if any 

<lb/>one &longs;hould yet object, that albeit the right line, and con&longs;equent&shy;

<lb/>ly the motion by it is producible <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"/> that is to &longs;ay, is in&shy;

<lb/>terminate; yet neverthele&longs;s Nature, as one may &longs;ay, arbitrarily 

<lb/>hath a&longs;&longs;igned them &longs;ome terms, and given natural in&longs;tincts to 

<lb/>its natural bodies to move unto the &longs;ame; I will reply, that this 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg29"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>might perhaps be fabled to have come to pa&longs;s in the fir&longs;t Chaos, 

<lb/>where indi&longs;tinct matters confu&longs;edly and inordinately wandered; 

<lb/>to regulate which, Nature very appo&longs;itely made u&longs;e of right mo&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg30"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tions, by which, like as the well-con&longs;tituted, moving, di&longs;dorder 

<lb/>them&longs;elves, &longs;o were they which were before depravedly di&longs;po&longs;ed 

<lb/>by this motion ranged in order: but after their exqui&longs;ite di&longs;tribu&shy;

<lb/>tion and collocation, it is impo&longs;&longs;ible that there &longs;hould remain na&shy;

<lb/>tural inclinations in them of longer moving in a right motion, 

<lb/>from which now would en&longs;ue their removal from their proper and 

<lb/>natural place, that is to &longs;ay, their di&longs;ordination; we may there&shy;

<lb/>fore &longs;ay that the right motion &longs;erves to conduct the matter to erect 

<lb/>the work; but once erected, that it is to re&longs;t immoveable, or if 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg31"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>moveable, to move it &longs;elf onely circularly. </s><s>Unle&longs;s we will &longs;ay 

<lb/>with <emph type="italics"/>Plato,<emph.end type="italics"/> that the&longs;e mundane bodies, after they had been made 

<lb/>and fini&longs;hed, were for a certain time moved by their Maker, in a 

<lb/>right motion, but that after their attainment to certain and de&shy;

<lb/>terminate places, they were revolved one by one in Spheres, pa&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ing from the right to the circular motion, wherein they have 

<lb/>been ever &longs;ince kept and maintained. </s><s>A &longs;ublime conceipt, and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg32"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>worthy indeed of <emph type="italics"/>Plato<emph.end type="italics"/>: upon which, I remember to have heard 

<lb/>our common friend the ^{*}<emph type="italics"/>Lyncean Academick<emph.end type="italics"/> di&longs;cour&longs;e in this man&shy;

<lb/>ner, if I have not forgot it. </s><s>Every body for any rea&longs;on con&longs;titu&shy;

<lb/>ted in a &longs;tate of re&longs;t, but which is by nature moveable, being &longs;et 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg33"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>at liberty doth move; provided withal, that it have an inclina&shy;

<lb/>tion to &longs;ome particular place; for &longs;hould it &longs;tand indifferently af&shy;

<lb/>fected to all, it would remain in its re&longs;t, not having greater in&shy;

<lb/>ducement to move one way than another. </s><s>From the having of 

<lb/>this inclination nece&longs;&longs;arily proceeds, that it in its moving &longs;hall con&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg34"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tinually increa&longs;e its acceleration, and beginning with a mo&longs;t &longs;low 

<lb/>motion, it &longs;hall not acquire any degree of velocity, before it 

<lb/>&longs;hall have pa&longs;&longs;ed thorow all the degrees of le&longs;s velocity, or grea&shy;

<lb/>ter tardity: for pa&longs;&longs;ing from the &longs;tate of quiet (which is the in&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg35"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>finite degree of tardity of motion) there is no rea&longs;on by which 

<lb/>it &longs;hould enter into &longs;uch a determinate degree of velocity, before 

<lb/>it &longs;hall have entred into a le&longs;s, and into yet a le&longs;s, before it entred 

<lb/>into that: but rather it &longs;tands with rea&longs;on, to pa&longs;s fir&longs;t by tho&longs;e 

<lb/>degrees neare&longs;t to that from which it departed, and from tho&longs;e to 

<lb/>the more remote; but the degree from whence the moveable 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg36"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>began to move, is that of extreme tardity, namely of re&longs;t. 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/018.jpg" pagenum="12"/><arrow.to.target n="marg37"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Now this acceleration of motion is never made, but when the 

<lb/>moveable in moving acquireth it; nor is its acqui&longs;t other than an 

<lb/>approaching to the place de&longs;ired, to wit, whither its natural in&shy;

<lb/>clination attracts it, and thither it tendeth by the &longs;horte&longs;t way; 

<lb/>namely, by a right line. </s><s>We may upon good grounds therefore 

<lb/>&longs;ay, That Nature, to confer upon a moveable fir&longs;t con&longs;tituted in 

<lb/>re&longs;t a determinate velocity, u&longs;eth to make it move according to 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg38"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>a certain time and &longs;pace with a right motion. </s><s>This pre&longs;uppo&longs;ed, 

<lb/>let us imagine God to have created the Orb <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> on 

<lb/>which he had determined to confer &longs;uch a certain velocity, which 

<lb/>it ought afterwards to retain perpetually uniform; we may with 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Plato<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ay, that he gave it at the beginning a right and accelerate 

<lb/>motion, and that it afterwards being arrived to that intended de&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg39"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>gree of velocity, he converted its right, into a circular motion, 

<lb/>the velocity of which came afterwards naturally to be uniform.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg26"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right motion by 

<lb/>nature infinite.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg27"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Motion by a right 

<lb/>line naturally im&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg28"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Nature attempts 

<lb/>not things impo&longs;&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>ble to be effected.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg29"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right motion might 

<lb/>perhaps be in the 

<lb/>fir&longs;t Chaos.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg30"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right motion is 

<lb/>commodious to 

<lb/>range in order, 

<lb/>things ous of or&shy;

<lb/>der.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg31"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Mundane bodies 

<lb/>moved in the be&shy;

<lb/>ginning in a right 

<lb/>line, and after&shy;

<lb/>wards circularly? 

<lb/></s><s>according to<emph.end type="italics"/> Plato.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg32"></margin.target>* Thus doth he co&shy;

<lb/>vertly and mode&longs;t&shy;

<lb/>ly &longs;tile him&longs;elfe 

<lb/>throughout this 

<lb/>work.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg33"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A moveable be&shy;

<lb/>ing in a &longs;tate of 

<lb/>re&longs;t, &longs;hall not move 

<lb/>unle&longs;s it have an 

<lb/>inclination to &longs;ome 

<lb/>particular place.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg34"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The moveable ac&shy;

<lb/>celerates its moti&shy;

<lb/>on, going towards 

<lb/>the place whither 

<lb/>it hath an inclina&shy;

<lb/>tion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg35"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The moveable pa&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ing from re&longs;t, go&shy;

<lb/>eth thorow all the 

<lb/>degrees of tardity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg36"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;t the in&longs;inioe 

<lb/>degree of tardity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg37"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The moveable doth 

<lb/>not accelerate, &longs;ave 

<lb/>only as it approach&shy;

<lb/>eth nearer to its 

<lb/>term.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg38"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Nature, to intro&shy;

<lb/>duce in the move&shy;

<lb/>able a certain de&shy;

<lb/>gree of velocity, 

<lb/>made it move in a 

<lb/>right line.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg39"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Vniform velocity 

<lb/>convenient to the 

<lb/>circular motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I hearken to this Di&longs;cour&longs;e with great delight; and I 

<lb/>believe the content I take therein will be greater, when you have 

<lb/>&longs;atisfied me in a doubt: that is, (which I do not very well com&shy;

<lb/>prehend) how it of nece&longs;&longs;ity en&longs;ues, that a moveable departing 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg40"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>from its re&longs;t, and entring into a motion to which it had a natural 

<lb/>inclination, it pa&longs;&longs;eth thorow all the precedent degrees o&longs; tardity, 

<lb/>comprehended between any a&longs;&longs;igned degree of velocity, and the 

<lb/>&longs;tate of re&longs;t, which degrees are infinite? </s><s>&longs;o that Nature was not 

<lb/>able to confer them upon the body of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> his circular moti&shy;

<lb/>on being in&longs;tantly created with &longs;uch and &longs;uch velocity.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg41"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg40"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Betwixt re&longs;t, and 

<lb/>any a&longs;&longs;igned degree 

<lb/>of velocity, infinite 

<lb/>degrees of le&longs;s ve&shy;

<lb/>locity interpo&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg41"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Nature doth not 

<lb/>immediately con&shy;

<lb/>fer a determinate 

<lb/>degree of velocity, 

<lb/>howbeit &longs;he could.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I neither did, nor dare &longs;ay, that it was impo&longs;&longs;ible for 

<lb/>God or Nature to confer that velocity which you &longs;peak of, imme&shy;

<lb/>diately; but this I &longs;ay, that <emph type="italics"/>de facto<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;he did not doit; &longs;o that the 

<lb/>doing it would be a work extra-natural, and by confequence mi&shy;

<lb/>raculous.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Then you believe, that a &longs;tone leaving its re&longs;t, and en&shy;

<lb/>tring into its natural motion towards the centre of the Earth, pa&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;eth thorow all the degrees of tardity inferiour to any degree of 

<lb/>velocity?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I do believe it, nay am certain of it; and &longs;o certain, 

<lb/>that I am able to make you al&longs;o very well &longs;atisfied with the truth 

<lb/>thereof.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Though by all this daies di&longs;cour&longs;e I &longs;hould gain no 

<lb/>more but &longs;uch a knowledge, I &longs;hould think my time very well 

<lb/>be&longs;towed.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>By what I collect from our di&longs;cour&longs;e, a great part of 

<lb/>your &longs;cruple lieth in that it &longs;hould in a time, and that very &longs;hort, 

<lb/>pa&longs;s thorow tho&longs;e infinite degrees of tardity precedent to any ve&shy;

<lb/>locity, acquired by the moveable in that time: and therefore be&shy;

<lb/>fore we go any farther, I will &longs;eek to remove this difficulty, which 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/019.jpg" pagenum="13"/>&longs;hall be an ea&longs;ie task; for I reply, that the moveable pa&longs;&longs;eth by 

<lb/>the afore&longs;aid degrees, but the pa&longs;&longs;age is made without &longs;taying in </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg42"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>any of them; &longs;o that the pa&longs;&longs;age requiring but one &longs;ole in&longs;tant 

<lb/>of time, and every &longs;mall time containing infinite in&longs;tants, we &longs;hall 

<lb/>not want enough of them to a&longs;&longs;ign its own to each of the infinite 

<lb/>degrees of tardity; although the time were never &longs;o &longs;hort.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg42"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The moveable de&shy;

<lb/>parting from re&longs;v 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;eth thorow all 

<lb/>degrees of velocity 

<lb/>without &longs;taying in 

<lb/>any.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Hitherto I apprehend you; neverthele&longs;s it is very much 

<lb/>that that Ball &longs;hot from a Cannon (for &longs;uch I conceive the ca&shy;

<lb/>dent moveable) which yet we &longs;ee to fall with &longs;uch a precipice, 

<lb/>that in le&longs;s than ten pul&longs;es it will pa&longs;s two hundred yards of al&shy;

<lb/>titude; &longs;hould in its motion be found conjoyned with &longs;o &longs;mall a 

<lb/>degree of velocity, that, &longs;hould it have continued to have moved 

<lb/>at that rate without farther acceleration, it would not have pa&longs;t 

<lb/>the &longs;ame in a day.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You may &longs;ay, nor yet in a year, nor in ten, no nor in a 

<lb/>thou&longs;and; as I will endeavour to &longs;hew you, and al&longs;o happily with&shy;

<lb/>out your contradiction, to &longs;ome &longs;ufficiently &longs;imple que&longs;tions that 

<lb/>I will propound to you. </s><s>Therefore tell me if you make any que&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tion of granting that, that that ball in de&longs;cending goeth increa&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ing its <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> and velocity.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am mo&longs;t certain it doth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And if I &longs;hould &longs;ay that the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> acquired in any 

<lb/>place of its motion, is &longs;o much, that it would &longs;uffice to re-carry 

<lb/>it to that place from which it came, would you grant it?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I &longs;hould con&longs;ent to it without contradiction, provided al&shy;

<lb/>waies, that it might imploy without impediment its whole <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>in that &longs;ole work of re-conducting it &longs;elf, or another equal toit, to 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg43"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that &longs;elf-&longs;ame height as it would do, in ca&longs;e the Earth were bored 

<lb/>thorow the centre, and the Bullet fell a thou&longs;and yards from the 

<lb/>&longs;aid centre, for I verily believe it would pa&longs;s beyond the centre, 

<lb/>a&longs;cending as much as it had de&longs;cended; and this I &longs;ee plainly in 

<lb/>the experiment of a plummet hanging at a line, which removed 

<lb/>from the perpendicular, which is its &longs;tate of re&longs;t, and afterwards 

<lb/>let go, falleth towards the &longs;aid perpendicular, and goes as far be&shy;

<lb/>yond it; or onely &longs;o much le&longs;s, as the oppo&longs;ition of the air, and 

<lb/>line, or other accidents have hindred it. </s><s>The like I &longs;ee in the wa&shy;

<lb/>ter, which de&longs;cending thorow a pipe, re-mounts as much as it had 

<lb/>de&longs;cended.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg43"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The ponderous mo&shy;

<lb/>ver de&longs;cending ac&shy;

<lb/>quireth<emph.end type="italics"/> impetus 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ufficient to re&shy;

<lb/>carry it to the like 

<lb/>height.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You argue very well. </s><s>And for that I know you will not 

<lb/>&longs;cruple to grant that the acqui&longs;t of the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> is by means of the 

<lb/>receding from the term whence the moveable departed, and its ap&shy;

<lb/>proach to the centre, whither its motion tendeth; will you &longs;tick 

<lb/>to yeeld, that two equal moveables, though de&longs;cending by divers 

<lb/>lines, without any impediment, acquire equal <emph type="italics"/>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"/> provided 

<lb/>that the approaches to the centre be equal?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/020.jpg" pagenum="14"/><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I do not very well under&longs;tand the que&longs;tion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will expre&longs;s it better by drawing a Figure: therefore 

<lb/>I will &longs;uppo&longs;e the line A B [in <emph type="italics"/>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 3.] parallel to the Horizon, 

<lb/>and upon the point B, I will erect a perpendicular B C; and after 

<lb/>that I adde this &longs;launt line C A. </s><s>Under&longs;tanding now the line C 

<lb/>A to be an inclining plain exqui&longs;itely poli&longs;hed, and hard, upon 

<lb/>which de&longs;cendeth a ball perfectly round and of very hard matter, 

<lb/>and &longs;uch another I &longs;uppo&longs;e freely to de&longs;cend by the perpendicular 

<lb/>C B: will you now confe&longs;s that the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> of that which de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cends by the plain C A, being arrived to the point A, may be 

<lb/>equal to the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> acquired by the other in the point B, after 

<lb/>the de&longs;cent by the perpendicular C B?

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg44"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg44"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The impetuo&longs;ity of 

<lb/>moveables equally 

<lb/>approaching to the 

<lb/>centre, are equal.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I re&longs;olutely believe &longs;o: for in effect they have both the 

<lb/>&longs;ame proximity to the centre, and by that, which I have already 

<lb/>granted, their impetuo&longs;ities would be equally &longs;ufficient to re-carry 

<lb/>them to the &longs;ame height.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Tell me now what you believe the &longs;ame ball would do 

<lb/>put upon the Horizontal plane A B?</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg45"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg45"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Vpon an horizon&shy;

<lb/>tall plane the move&shy;

<lb/>able lieth &longs;till.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It would lie &longs;till, the &longs;aid plane having no declination.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But on the inclining plane C A it would de&longs;cend, but 

<lb/>with a gentler motion than by the perpendicular C B?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I may confidently an&longs;wer in the affirmative, it &longs;eem&shy;

<lb/>ing to me nece&longs;&longs;ary that the motion by the perpendicular C B 

<lb/>&longs;hould be more &longs;wift, than by the inclining plane C A; yet ne&shy;

<lb/>verthele&longs;s, i&longs; this be, how can the Cadent by the inclination ar&shy;

<lb/>rived to the point A, have as much <emph type="italics"/>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that is, the &longs;ame de&shy;

<lb/>gree of velocity, that the Cadent by the perpendicular &longs;hall have 

<lb/>in the point B? the&longs;e two Propo&longs;itions &longs;eem contradictory.</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg46"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg46"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The veloeity by the 

<lb/>inclining plane e&shy;

<lb/>qual to the veloci&shy;

<lb/>ty by the perpendi&shy;

<lb/>oular, and the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion by the perpen&shy;

<lb/>dicular &longs;wifter 

<lb/>than by the incli&shy;

<lb/>nation.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then you would think it much more fal&longs;e, &longs;hould I 

<lb/>&longs;ay, that the velocity of the Cadents by the perpendicular, and 

<lb/>inclination, are ab&longs;olutely equal: and yet this is a Propo&longs;ition 

<lb/>mo&longs;t true, as is al&longs;o this that the Cadent moveth more &longs;wiftly by 

<lb/>the perpendicular, than by the inclination.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The&longs;e Propo&longs;itions to my ears &longs;ound very har&longs;h: and 

<lb/>I believe to yours <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I have the &longs;ame &longs;en&longs;e of them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I conceit you je&longs;t with me, pretending not to compre&shy;

<lb/>hend what you know better than my &longs;elf: therefore tell me <emph type="italics"/>Sim&shy;

<lb/>plicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> when you imagine a moveable more &longs;wift than ano&shy;

<lb/>ther, what conceit do you fancy in your mind?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I fancie one to pa&longs;s in the &longs;ame time a greater &longs;pace 

<lb/>than the other, or to move equal &longs;paces, but in le&longs;&longs;er time.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Very well: and for moveables equally &longs;wift, what's 

<lb/>your conceit of them?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I fancie that they pa&longs;s equal &longs;paces in equal times.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/021.jpg" pagenum="15"/><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And have you no other conceit thereof than this?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This I think to be the proper definition of equal mo&shy;

<lb/>tions.</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg47"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg47"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Velocities are &longs;aid 

<lb/>to be equal, when 

<lb/>the &longs;paces pa&longs;&longs;ed 

<lb/>are proportionate to 

<lb/>their time.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>We will add moreover this other: and call that equal 

<lb/>velocity, when the &longs;paces pa&longs;&longs;ed have the &longs;ame proportion, as the 

<lb/>times wherein they are pa&longs;t, and it is a more univer&longs;al definition.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is &longs;o: for it comprehendeth the equal &longs;paces pa&longs;t in 

<lb/>equal times, and al&longs;o the unequal pa&longs;t in times unequal, but pro&shy;

<lb/>portionate to tho&longs;e &longs;paces. </s><s>Take now the &longs;ame Figure, and apply&shy;

<lb/>ing the conceipt that you had of the more ha&longs;tie motion, tell me 

<lb/>why you think the velocity of the Cadent by C B, is greater 

<lb/>than the velocity of the De&longs;cendent by C A?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I think &longs;o; becau&longs;e in the &longs;ame time that the Cadent 

<lb/>&longs;hall pa&longs;s all C B, the De&longs;cendent &longs;hall pa&longs;s in C A, a part le&longs;s 

<lb/>than C B.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. True; and thus it is proved, that the moveable moves 

<lb/>more &longs;wiftly by the perpendicular, than by the inclination. </s><s>Now 

<lb/>con&longs;ider, if in this &longs;ame Figure one may any way evince the o&shy;

<lb/>ther conceipt, and finde that the moveables were equally &longs;wift 

<lb/>by both the lines C A and C B.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I &longs;ee no &longs;uch thing; nay rather it &longs;eems to contradict 

<lb/>what was &longs;aid before.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And what &longs;ay you, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s><s>I would not teach you 

<lb/>what you knew before, and that of which but ju&longs;t now you pro&shy;

<lb/>duced me the definition.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The definition I gave you, was, that moveables may 

<lb/>be called equally &longs;wift, when the &longs;paces pa&longs;&longs;ed are proportional 

<lb/>to the times in which they pa&longs;&longs;ed; therefore to apply the defini&shy;

<lb/>tion to the pre&longs;ent ca&longs;e, it will be requi&longs;ite, that the time of de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cent by C A, to the time of falling by C B, &longs;hould have the 

<lb/>&longs;ame proportion that the line C A hath to the line C B; but I 

<lb/>under&longs;tand not how that can be, for that the motion by C B is 

<lb/>&longs;wifter than by C A.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And yet you mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity know it. </s><s>Tell me a little, 

<lb/>do not the&longs;e motions go continually accelerating?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>They do; but more in the perpendicular than in the 

<lb/>inclination.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But this acceleration in the perpendicular, is it yet not&shy;

<lb/>with&longs;tanding &longs;uch in compari&longs;on of that of the inclined, that 

<lb/>two equal parts being taken in any place of the &longs;aid perpendicu&shy;

<lb/>lar and inclining lines, the motion in the parts of the perpendicu&shy;

<lb/>lar is alwaies more &longs;wift, than in the part of the inclination?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I &longs;ay not &longs;o: but I could take a &longs;pace in the inclinati&shy;

<lb/>on, in which the velocity &longs;hall be far greater than in the like &longs;pace 

<lb/>taken in the perpendicular; and this &longs;hall be, if the &longs;pace in the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/022.jpg" pagenum="16"/>perpendicular &longs;hould be taken near to the end C, and in the in&shy;

<lb/>clination, far from it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You &longs;ee then, that the Propo&longs;ition which &longs;aith, that 

<lb/>the motion by the perpendicular is more &longs;wift than by the incli&shy;

<lb/>nation, holds not true univer&longs;ally, but onely of the motions, 

<lb/>which begin from the extremity, namely from the point of re&longs;t: 

<lb/>without which re&longs;triction, the Propo&longs;ition would be &longs;o deficient, 

<lb/>that its very direct contrary might be true; namely, that the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion in the inclining plane is &longs;wifter than in the perpendicular: 

<lb/>for it is certain, that in the &longs;aid inclination, we may take a &longs;pace 

<lb/>pa&longs;t by the moveable in le&longs;s time, than the like &longs;pace pa&longs;t in the 

<lb/>perpendicular. </s><s>Now becau&longs;e the motion in the inclination is in 

<lb/>&longs;ome places more, in &longs;ome le&longs;s, than in the perpendicular; there&shy;

<lb/>fore in &longs;ome places of the inclination, the time of motion of the 

<lb/>moveable, &longs;hall have a greater proportion to the time of the motion 

<lb/>of the moveable, by &longs;ome places of the perpendicular, than the 

<lb/>&longs;pace pa&longs;&longs;ed, to the &longs;pace pa&longs;&longs;ed: and in other places, the pro&shy;

<lb/>portion of the time to the time, &longs;hall be le&longs;s than that of the 

<lb/>&longs;pace to the &longs;pace. </s><s>As for example: two moveables departing 

<lb/>from their quie&longs;cence, namely, from the point C, one by the per&shy;

<lb/>pendicular C B, [in <emph type="italics"/>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 4.] and the other by the inclination C A, 

<lb/>in the time that, in the perpendicular, the moveable &longs;hall have 

<lb/>pa&longs;t all C B, the other &longs;hall have pa&longs;t C T le&longs;&longs;er. </s><s>And therefore 

<lb/>the time by C T, to the time by C B (which is equal) &longs;hall have 

<lb/>a greater proportion than the line C T to C B, being that the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ame<emph.end type="italics"/> to the <emph type="italics"/>le&longs;s,<emph.end type="italics"/> hath a greater proportion than to the <emph type="italics"/>greater.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>And on the contrary, if in C A, prolonged as much as is requi&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ite, one &longs;hould take a part equal to C B, but pa&longs;t in a &longs;horter 

<lb/>time; the time in the inclination &longs;hall have a le&longs;s proportion to 

<lb/>the time in the perpendicular, than the &longs;pace to the &longs;pace. </s><s>If 

<lb/>therefore in the inclination and perpendicular, we may &longs;uppo&longs;e 

<lb/>&longs;uch &longs;paces and velocities, that the proportion between the &longs;aid 

<lb/>&longs;paces be greater and le&longs;s than the proportion of the times; we 

<lb/>may ea&longs;ily grant, that there are al&longs;o &longs;paces, by which the times 

<lb/>of the motions retain the &longs;ame proportion as the &longs;paces.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am already freed from my greate&longs;t doubt, and con&shy;

<lb/>ceive that to be not onely po&longs;&longs;ible, but nece&longs;&longs;ary, which I but 

<lb/>now thought a contradiction: but neverthele&longs;s I under&longs;tand not 

<lb/>as yet, that this whereof we now are &longs;peaking, is one of the&longs;e 

<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible or nece&longs;&longs;ary ca&longs;es; &longs;o as that it &longs;hould be true, that the 

<lb/>time of de&longs;cent by C A, to the time of the fall by C B, hath the 

<lb/>&longs;ame proportion that the line C A hath to C B; whence it may 

<lb/>without contradiction be affirmed, that the velocity by the incli&shy;

<lb/>nation C A, and by the perpendicular C B, are equal.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Content your &longs;elf for this time, that I have removed 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/023.jpg" pagenum="17"/>your incredulity; but for the knowledge of this, expect it at 

<lb/>&longs;ome other time, namely, when you &longs;hall &longs;ee the matters concer&shy;

<lb/>ning local motion demon&longs;trated by our <emph type="italics"/>Academick<emph.end type="italics"/>; at which 

<lb/>time you &longs;hall find it proved, that in the time that the one movea&shy;

<lb/>ble falls all the &longs;pace C B, the other de&longs;cendeth by C A as far 

<lb/>as the point T, in which falls the perpendicular drawn from the 

<lb/>point B: and to find where the &longs;ame Cadent by the perpendi&shy;

<lb/>cular would be when the other arriveth at the point A, draw from 

<lb/>A the perpendicular unto C A, continuing it, and C B unto the 

<lb/>interfection, and that &longs;hall be the point &longs;ought. </s><s>Whereby you 

<lb/>&longs;ee how it is true, that the motion by C B is &longs;wifter than by the 

<lb/>inclination C A (&longs;uppo&longs;ing the term C for the beginning of the 

<lb/>motions compared) becau&longs;e the line C B is greater than C T, 

<lb/>and the other from C unto the inter&longs;ection of the perpendicular 

<lb/>drawn from A, unto the line C A, is greater than C A, and 

<lb/>therefore the motion by it is &longs;wifter than by C A But when we 

<lb/>compare the motion made by all C A, not with all the motion 

<lb/>made in the &longs;ame time by the perpendicular continued, but with 

<lb/>that made in part of the time, by the &longs;ole part C B, it hinders 

<lb/>not, that the motion by C A, continuing to de&longs;cend beyond, may 

<lb/>arrive to A in &longs;uch a time as is in proportion to the other time, 

<lb/>as the line C A is to the line C B. </s><s>Now returning to our fir&longs;t 

<lb/>purpo&longs;e; which was to &longs;hew, that the grave moveable leaving 

<lb/>its quie&longs;cence, pa&longs;&longs;eth defcending by all the degrees of tardity, 

<lb/>precedent to any what&longs;oever degree of velocity that it aequireth, 

<lb/>re-a&longs;&longs;uming the &longs;ame Figure which we u&longs;ed before, let us remem&shy;

<lb/>ber that we did agree, that the De&longs;cendent by the inclination C 

<lb/>A, and the Cadent by the perpendicular C B, were found to have 

<lb/>acquired equal degrees of velocity in the terms B and A: now to 

<lb/>proceed, I &longs;uppo&longs;e you will not &longs;cruple to grant, that upon ano&shy;

<lb/>ther plane le&longs;s &longs;teep than A C; as for example, A D [in <emph type="italics"/>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 5.] 

<lb/>the motion of the de&longs;cendent would be yet more &longs;low than in the 

<lb/>plane A C. </s><s>So that it is not any whit dubitable, but that there 

<lb/>may be planes &longs;o little elevated above the Horizon A B, that the 

<lb/>moveable, namely the &longs;ame ball, in any the longe&longs;t time may 

<lb/>reach the point A, which being to move by the plane A B, an infi&shy;

<lb/>nite time would not &longs;uffice: and the motion is made always more 

<lb/>&longs;lowly, by how much the declination is le&longs;s. </s><s>It mu&longs;t be therefore 

<lb/>confe&longs;t, that there may be a point taken upon the term B, &longs;o near 

<lb/>to the &longs;aid B, that drawing from thence to the point A a plane, 

<lb/>the ball would not pa&longs;s it in a whole year. </s><s>It is requi&longs;ite next 

<lb/>for you to know, that the <emph type="italics"/>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"/> namely the degree of velo&shy;

<lb/>city the ball is found to have acquired when it arriveth at the 

<lb/>point A, is &longs;uch, that &longs;hould it continue to move with this &longs;elf-&longs;ame 

<lb/>degree uniformly, that is to &longs;ay, without accelerating or retarding; 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/024.jpg" pagenum="18"/>in as much more time as it was in coming by the inclining plane, it 

<lb/>would pa&longs;s double the &longs;pace of the plane inclined: namely (for 

<lb/>example) if the ball had pa&longs;t the plane D A in an hour, con&shy;

<lb/>tinuing to move uniformly with that degree of velocity which it 

<lb/>is found to have in its arriving at the term A, it &longs;hall pa&longs;s in an 

<lb/>hour a &longs;pace double the length D A; and becau&longs;e (as we have 

<lb/>&longs;aid) the degrees of velocity acquired in the points B and A, by 

<lb/>the moveables that depart from any point taken in the perpendicu&shy;

<lb/>lar C B, and that de&longs;cend, the one by the inclined plane, the o&shy;

<lb/>ther by the &longs;aid perpendicular, are always equal: therefore the 

<lb/>cadent by the perpendicular may depart from a term &longs;o near to B, 

<lb/>that the degree of velocity acquired in B, would not &longs;uffice (&longs;till 

<lb/>maintaining the &longs;ame) to conduct the moveable by a &longs;pace dou&shy;

<lb/>ble the length of the plane inclined in a year, nor in ten, no nor 

<lb/>in a hundred. </s><s>We may therefore conclude, that if it be true, 

<lb/>that according to the ordinary cour&longs;e of nature a moveable, all 

<lb/>external and accidental impediments removed, moves upon an in&shy;

<lb/>clining plane with greater and greater tardity, according as the 

<lb/>inclination &longs;hall be le&longs;s; &longs;o that in the end the tardity comes to be 

<lb/>infinite, which is, when the inclination concludeth in, and joyneth 

<lb/>to the horizontal plane; and if it be true likewi&longs;e, that the de&shy;

<lb/>gree of velocity acquired in &longs;ome point of the inclined plane, is 

<lb/>equal to that degree of velocity which is found to be in the move&shy;

<lb/>able that de&longs;cends by the perpendicular, in the point cut by a 

<lb/>parallel to the Horizon, which pa&longs;&longs;eth by that point of the incli&shy;

<lb/>ning plane; it mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity be granted, that the cadent de&shy;

<lb/>parting from re&longs;t, pa&longs;&longs;eth thorow all the infinite degrees of tar&shy;

<lb/>dity, and that con&longs;equently, to acquire a determinate degree of 

<lb/>velocity, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that it move fir&longs;t by right lines, de&longs;cend&shy;

<lb/>ing by a &longs;hort or long &longs;pace, according as the velocity to be acqui&shy;

<lb/>red, ought to be either le&longs;s or greater, and according as the plane 

<lb/>on which it de&longs;cendeth is more or le&longs;s inclined; &longs;o that a plane 

<lb/>may be given with &longs;o &longs;mall inclination, that to acquire in it the 

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;igned degree of velocity, it mu&longs;t fir&longs;t move in a very great &longs;pace, 

<lb/>and take a very long time; whereupon in the horizontal plane, any 

<lb/>how little &longs;oever velocity, would never be naturally acquired, 

<lb/>&longs;ince that the moveable in this ca&longs;e will never move: but the </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg48"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>motion by the horizontal line, which is neither declined or incli&shy;

<lb/>ned, is a circular motion about the centre: therefore the circu&shy;

<lb/>lar motion is never acquired naturally, without the right motion 

<lb/>precede it; but being once acquired, it will continue perpetually 

<lb/>with uniform velocity. </s><s>I could with other di&longs;cour&longs;es evince and 

<lb/>demon&longs;trate the &longs;ame truth, but I will not by &longs;o great a digre&longs;&shy;

<lb/>fion interrupt our principal argument: but rather will return to 

<lb/>it upon &longs;ome other occa&longs;ion; e&longs;pecially &longs;ince we now a&longs;&longs;umed the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/025.jpg" pagenum="19"/>&longs;ame, not to &longs;erve for a nece&longs;&longs;ary demon&longs;tration, but to adorn a 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Platonick<emph.end type="italics"/> Conceit; to which I will add another particular ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>vation of our <emph type="italics"/>Academick,<emph.end type="italics"/> which hath in it &longs;omething of admira&shy;

<lb/>ble. </s><s>Let us &longs;uppo&longs;e among&longs;t the decrees of the divine <emph type="italics"/>Architect,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>a purpo&longs;e of creating in the World the&longs;e Globes, which we be&shy;

<lb/>hold continually moving round, and of a&longs;&longs;igning the centre of 

<lb/>their conver&longs;ions; and that in it he had placed the Sun immoveable, 

<lb/>and had afterwards made all the &longs;aid Globes in the &longs;ame place, 

<lb/>and with the intended inclinations of moving towards the Centre, 

<lb/>till they had acquired tho&longs;e degrees of velocity, which at fir&longs;t &longs;ee&shy;

<lb/>med good to the &longs;ame Divine Minde; the which being acquired, 

<lb/>we la&longs;tly &longs;uppo&longs;e that they were turned round, each in his Sphere 

<lb/>retaining the &longs;aid acquired velocity: it is now demanded, in 

<lb/>what altitude and di&longs;tance from the Sun the place was where the 

<lb/>&longs;aid Orbs were primarily created; and whether it be po&longs;&longs;ible that 

<lb/>they might all be created in the &longs;ame place? </s><s>To make this inve&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tigation, we mu&longs;t take from the mo&longs;t skilfull A&longs;tronomers the 

<lb/>magnitude of the Spheres in which the Planets revolve, and like&shy;

<lb/>wi&longs;e the time of their revolutions: from which two cognitions is 

<lb/>gathered how much (for example) <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> is &longs;wifter than <emph type="italics"/>Sa&shy;

<lb/>turne<emph.end type="italics"/>; and being found (as indeed it is) that <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> moves more 

<lb/>&longs;wiftly, it is requi&longs;ite, that departing from the &longs;ame altitude, <emph type="italics"/>Ju&shy;

<lb/>piter<emph.end type="italics"/> be de&longs;cended more than <emph type="italics"/>Saturne,<emph.end type="italics"/> as we really know it is, its 

<lb/>Orbe being inferiour to that of <emph type="italics"/>Saturne.<emph.end type="italics"/> But by proceeding for&shy;

<lb/>wards, from the proportions of the two velocities of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Saturne,<emph.end type="italics"/> and from the di&longs;tance between their Orbs, and from the 

<lb/>proportion of acceleration of natural motion, one may finde in 

<lb/>what altitude and di&longs;tance from the centre of their revolutions, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg49"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>was the place from whence they fir&longs;t departed. </s><s>This found out, 

<lb/>and agreed upon, it is to be &longs;ought, whether <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> de&longs;cending 

<lb/>from thence to his Orb, the magnitude of the Orb, and the ve&shy;

<lb/>locity of the motion, agree with that which is found by calcula&shy;

<lb/>tion; and let the like be done of the <emph type="italics"/>Eartb,<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"/>; the greatne&longs;s of which Spheres, and the velocity of 

<lb/>their motions, agree &longs;o nearly to what computation gives, that it 

<lb/>is very admirable.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg48"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The circular mo&shy;

<lb/>tion is never ac&shy;

<lb/>quired naturally, 

<lb/>without right mo&shy;

<lb/>tion precede it. 

<lb/></s><s>Circular motion 

<lb/>perpetually uni&shy;

<lb/>form.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg49"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The magnitude of 

<lb/>the Orbs, and the 

<lb/>velocity of the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the Planets, 

<lb/>an&longs;wer proportion&shy;

<lb/>ably, as if de&longs;cend&shy;

<lb/>ed from the &longs;ame 

<lb/>place.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I have hearkened to this conceit with extreme delight; 

<lb/>and, but that I believe the making of the&longs;e calculations truly 

<lb/>would be a long and painfull task, and perhaps too hard for me 

<lb/>to comprehend, I would make a trial of them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The operation indeed is long and difficult; nor could 

<lb/>I be certain to finde it &longs;o readily; therefore we &longs;hall refer it to an&shy;

<lb/>other time, and for the pre&longs;ent we will return to our fir&longs;t propo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;al, going on there where we made digre&longs;&longs;ion; which, if I well 

<lb/>remember, was about the proving the motion by a right line of no 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/026.jpg" pagenum="20"/>u&longs;e, in the ordinate parts of the World; and we did proceed to 

<lb/>&longs;ay, that it was not &longs;o in circular motions, of which that which is 

<lb/>made by the moveable in it &longs;elf, &longs;till retains it in the &longs;ame place, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg50"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>and that which carrieth the moveable by the circumference of a 

<lb/>circle about its fixed centre, neither puts it &longs;elf, nor tho&longs;e about it 

<lb/>in di&longs;order; for that &longs;uch a motion primarily is finite and terminate 

<lb/>(though not yet fini&longs;hed and determined) but there is no point 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg51"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>in the circumference, that is not the fir&longs;t and la&longs;t term in the cir&shy;

<lb/>culation; and continuing it in the circumference a&longs;&longs;igned it, it 

<lb/>leaveth all the re&longs;t, within and without that, free for the u&longs;e of 

<lb/>others, without ever impeding or di&longs;ordering them. </s><s>This being 

<lb/>a motion that makes the moveable continually leave, and con&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg52"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tinually arrive at the end; it alone therefore can primarily be u&shy;

<lb/>niform; for that acceleration of motion is made in the moveable, 

<lb/>when it goeth towards the term, to which it hath inclination; 

<lb/>and the retardation happens by the repugnance that it hath to 

<lb/>leave and part from the &longs;ame term; and becau&longs;e in circular mo&shy;

<lb/>tion, the moveable continually leaves the natural term, and con&shy;

<lb/>tinually moveth towards the &longs;ame, therefore, in it, the repug&shy;

<lb/>nance and inclination are always of equal force: from which e&shy;

<lb/>quality re&longs;ults a velocity, neither retarded nor accelerated, <emph type="italics"/>i. </s><s>e.<emph.end type="italics"/> an 

<lb/>uniformity in motion. </s><s>From this conformity, and from the being 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg53"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>terminate, may follow the perpetual continuation by &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively 

<lb/>reiterating the circulations; which in an undeterminated line, 

<lb/>and in a motion continually retarded or accelerated, cannot na&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg54"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>turally be. </s><s>I &longs;ay, naturally; becau&longs;e the right motion which is 

<lb/>retarded, is the violent, which cannot be perpetual; and the ac&shy;

<lb/>celerate arriveth nece&longs;&longs;arily at the term, if one there be; and if 

<lb/>there be none, it cannot be moved to it, becau&longs;e nature moves 

<lb/>not whether it is impo&longs;&longs;ible to attain. </s><s>I conclude therefore, that 

<lb/>the circular motion can onely naturally con&longs;i&longs;t with natural bo&shy;

<lb/>dies, parts of the univer&longs;e, and con&longs;tituted in an excellent di&longs;po&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ure; and that the right, at the mo&longs;t that can be &longs;aid for it, is 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg55"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;igned by nature to its bodies, and their parts, at &longs;uch time as 

<lb/>they &longs;hall be out of their proper places, con&longs;tituted in a depraved 

<lb/>di&longs;po&longs;ition, and for that cau&longs;e needing to be redured by the &longs;hort&shy;

<lb/>e&longs;t way to their natural &longs;tate. </s><s>Hence, me thinks, it may ratio&shy;

<lb/>nally be concluded, that for maintenance of perfect order among &longs;t 

<lb/>the parts of the World, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary to &longs;ay, that moveables are 

<lb/>moveable onely circularly; and if there be any that move not 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg56"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>circularly, the&longs;e of nece&longs;&longs;ity are immoveable: there being no&shy;

<lb/>thing but re&longs;t and circular motion apt to the con&longs;ervation of or&shy;

<lb/>der. </s><s>And I do not a little wonder with my &longs;elf, that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>who held that the Terre&longs;trial globe was placed in the centre of 

<lb/>the World, and there remained immoveable, &longs;hould not &longs;ay, that 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/027.jpg" pagenum="21"/>of natural bodies &longs;ome are moveable by nature, and others immo&shy;

<lb/>veable; e&longs;pecially having before defined Nature, to be the prin&shy;

<lb/>ciple of Motion and Re&longs;t.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg50"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Finite and termi&shy;

<lb/>nate circular mo&shy;

<lb/>tions di&longs;order not 

<lb/>the parts of the 

<lb/>World.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg51"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In the circular mo&shy;

<lb/>tion, every point in 

<lb/>the circumference 

<lb/>is the begining and 

<lb/>end.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg52"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Circular motion 

<lb/>onely is uniform.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg53"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Circular motion 

<lb/>may be continued 

<lb/>perpetually.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg54"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right motion can&shy;

<lb/>not naturally be 

<lb/>perpetual.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg55"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right motion a&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;igned to natural 

<lb/>bodies, to reduce 

<lb/>them to perfect or&shy;

<lb/>der, when removed 

<lb/>from their places.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg56"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;t onely, and 

<lb/>circular motion are 

<lb/>apt to con&longs;erve or&shy;

<lb/>der.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> though of a very per&longs;picacious wit, would 

<lb/>not &longs;train it further than needed: holding in all his argumen&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg57"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tations, that &longs;en&longs;ible experiments were to be preferred before 

<lb/>any rea&longs;ons founded upon &longs;trength of wit, and &longs;aid tho&longs;e which 

<lb/>&longs;hould deny the te&longs;timony of &longs;en&longs;e de&longs;erved to be puni&longs;hed with 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg58"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the lo&longs;s of that &longs;en&longs;e; now who is &longs;o blind, that &longs;ees not the 

<lb/>parts of the Earth and Water to move, as being grave, natural&shy;

<lb/>ly downwards, namely, towards the centre of the Univer&longs;e, a&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;igned by nature her &longs;elf for the end and term of right motion 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>deor&longs;&ugrave;m<emph.end type="italics"/>; and doth not likewi&longs;e &longs;ee the Fire and Air to move 

<lb/>right upwards towards the Concave of the Lunar Orb, as to the 

<lb/>natural end of motion <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ur&longs;&ugrave;m<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s><s>And this being &longs;o manife&longs;tly &longs;een, 

<lb/>and we being certain, that <emph type="italics"/>eadem est ratio totius &amp; partium,<emph.end type="italics"/> why 

<lb/>may we not a&longs;&longs;ert it for a true and manife&longs;t propo&longs;ition, that the 

<lb/>natural motion of the Earth is the right motion <emph type="italics"/>ad medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>that of the Fire, the right <emph type="italics"/>&agrave; medio<emph.end type="italics"/>?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg57"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Sen&longs;ible experi&shy;

<lb/>ments are to be pre&shy;

<lb/>ferred before hu&shy;

<lb/>mane argument a&shy;

<lb/>tions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg58"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>He who denies 

<lb/>&longs;en&longs;e, de&longs;erves to 

<lb/>be deprived of it. 

<lb/></s><s>Sen&longs;e &longs;heweth that 

<lb/>things grave move 

<lb/>to the<emph.end type="italics"/> medium, <emph type="italics"/>and 

<lb/>the light to the 

<lb/>concave.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The mo&longs;t that you can pretend from this your Di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cour&longs;e, were it granted to be true, is that, like as the parts of the 

<lb/>Earth removed from the whole, namely, from the place where 

<lb/>they naturally re&longs;t, that is in &longs;hort reduced to a depraved and di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>ordered di&longs;po&longs;ure, return to their place &longs;pontaneou&longs;ly, and there&shy;

<lb/>fore naturally in a right motion, (it being granted, that <emph type="italics"/>eadem 

<lb/>&longs;it ratio totius &amp; partium<emph.end type="italics"/>) &longs;o it may be inferred, that the 

<lb/>Terre&longs;trial Globe removed violently from the place a&longs;&longs;igned 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg59"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>it by nature, it would return by a right line. </s><s>This, as I have 

<lb/>&longs;aid, is the mo&longs;t that can be granted you, and that onely for want 

<lb/>of examination; but he that &longs;hall with exactne&longs;s revi&longs;e the&longs;e 

<lb/>things, will fir&longs;t deny, that the parts of the Earth, in returning to 

<lb/>its whole, move in a right line, and not by a circular or mixt; and 

<lb/>really you would have enough to do to demon&longs;trate the contra&shy;

<lb/>ry, as you &longs;hall plainly &longs;ee in the an&longs;wers to the particular rea&longs;ons 

<lb/>and experiments alledged by <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle.<emph.end type="italics"/> Secondly, 

<lb/>If another &longs;hould &longs;ay that the <emph type="italics"/>parts<emph.end type="italics"/> of the Earth, go not in their 

<lb/>motion towards the Centre of the World, but to unite with its 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Whole,<emph.end type="italics"/> and that for that rea&longs;on they naturally incline towards the 

<lb/>centre of the Terre&longs;trial Globe, by which inclination they con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;pire to form and pre&longs;erve it, what other <emph type="italics"/>All,<emph.end type="italics"/> or what other Centre 

<lb/>would you find for the World, to which the whole Terrene 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg60"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Globe, being thence removed, would &longs;eek to return, that &longs;o the 

<lb/>rea&longs;on of the <emph type="italics"/>Whole<emph.end type="italics"/> might be like to that of its <emph type="italics"/>parts<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s><s>It may be 

<lb/>added, That neither <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> nor you can ever prove, that the 

<lb/>Earth <emph type="italics"/>de facto<emph.end type="italics"/> is in the centre of the Univer&longs;e; but if any Centre 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/028.jpg" pagenum="22"/><arrow.to.target n="marg61"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>may be a&longs;ligned to the Univer&longs;e, we &longs;hall rather find the Sun 

<lb/>placed in it, as by the &longs;equel you &longs;hall under&longs;tand.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg59"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is que&longs;tionable 

<lb/>whether de&longs;cending 

<lb/>weights move in a 

<lb/>right line.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg60"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earth speri&shy;

<lb/>cal by the con&longs;pi&shy;

<lb/>ration of its parts 

<lb/>to its Centre.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg61"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Sun more pro&shy;

<lb/>bably in the centre 

<lb/>of the Vniver&longs;e, 

<lb/>than the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>Now, like as from the con&longs;entaneous con&longs;piration of all the 

<lb/>parts of the Earth to form its whole, doth follow, that they with 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg62"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>equal inclination concurr thither from all parts; and to unite 

<lb/>them&longs;elves as much as is po&longs;&longs;ible together, they there &longs;phelically 

<lb/>adapt them&longs;elves; why may we not believe that the Sun, Moon, 

<lb/>and other mundane Bodies, be al&longs;o of a round figure, not by o&shy;

<lb/>ther than a concordant in&longs;tinct, and natural concour&longs;e of all the 

<lb/>parts compo&longs;ing them? </s><s>Of which, if any, at any time, by any 

<lb/>violence were &longs;eparated from the whole, is it not rea&longs;onable to 

<lb/>think, that they would &longs;pontaneou&longs;ly and by natural in&longs;tinct re&shy;

<lb/>turn? </s><s>and in this manner to infer, that the right motion agreeth 

<lb/>with all mundane bodies alike.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg62"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Natural inclina&shy;

<lb/>tion of the parts of 

<lb/>all the globes of 

<lb/>the World to go to 

<lb/>their centre.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. Certainly, if you in this manner deny not onely the 

<lb/>Principles of Sciences, but manife&longs;t Experience, and the Sen&longs;es 

<lb/>them&longs;elves, you can never be convinced or removed from any o&shy;

<lb/>pinion which you once conceit, therefore I will choo&longs;e rather to 

<lb/>be &longs;ilent (for, <emph type="italics"/>contra negantes principia non e&longs;t di&longs;putandum<emph.end type="italics"/>) 

<lb/>than contend with you. </s><s>And in&longs;i&longs;ting on the things alledged by 

<lb/>you even now (&longs;ince you que&longs;tion &longs;o much as whether grave move&shy;

<lb/>ables have a right motion or no) how can you ever rationally de&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg63"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ny, that the parts of the Earth; or, if you will, that ponderous 

<lb/>matters de&longs;cend towards the Centre, with a right motion; when&shy;

<lb/>as, if from a very high Tower, who&longs;e walls are vcry upright and 

<lb/>perpendicular, you let them fall, they &longs;hall de&longs;cend gliding and 

<lb/>&longs;liding by the Tower to the Earth, exactly in that very place 

<lb/>where a plummet would fall, being hanged by a line fa&longs;tned above, 

<lb/>ju&longs;t there, whence the &longs;aid weights were let fall? </s><s>is not this a 

<lb/>more than evident argument of the motions being right, and to&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg64"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>wards the Centre? </s><s>In the &longs;econd place you call in doubt, whe&shy;

<lb/>ther the parts of the Earth are moved, as <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> affirms, to&shy;

<lb/>wards the Centre of the World; as if he had not rationally de&shy;

<lb/>mon&longs;trated it by contrary motions, whil&longs;t he thus argueth; The 

<lb/>motion of heavie bodies is contrary to that of the light: but the 

<lb/>motion of the light is manife&longs;t to be directly upwards, namely, 

<lb/>towards the circumference of the World, therefore the motion of 

<lb/>the heavie is directly towards the Centre of the World: and it 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg65"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>happens <emph type="italics"/>per accidens,<emph.end type="italics"/> that it be towards the centre of the Earth, 

<lb/>for that this &longs;triveth to be united to that. </s><s>The &longs;eeking in the 

<lb/>next place, what a part of the Globe of the Sun or Moon would 

<lb/>do, were it &longs;eparated from its whole, is vanity; becau&longs;e that there&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg66"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>by that is &longs;ought, which would be the con&longs;equence of an impo&longs;&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>bility; in regard that, as <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> al&longs;o demon&longs;trates, the c&oelig;le&longs;tial 

<lb/>bodies are impa&longs;&longs;ible, impenetrable, and infrangible; &longs;o that &longs;uch 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/029.jpg" pagenum="23"/>a ca&longs;e can never happen: and though it &longs;hould, and that the &longs;e&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg67"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>parated part &longs;hould return to its whole, it would not return as 

<lb/>grave or light, for that the &longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> proveth, that the C&oelig;&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;tial Bodies are neither heavie nor light.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg63"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The right motion 

<lb/>of grave bodies 

<lb/>manife&longs;t to &longs;en&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg64"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Arguments of<emph.end type="italics"/> A&shy;

<lb/>ri&longs;totle, <emph type="italics"/>to prove 

<lb/>that grave bodies 

<lb/>move with an in&shy;

<lb/>clination to arrive 

<lb/>at the centre of the 

<lb/>Vniver&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg65"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Heavie bodies 

<lb/>move towards the 

<lb/>centre of the Earth<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>per accidens.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg66"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>To &longs;eek what 

<lb/>would follow upon 

<lb/>an impo&longs;&longs;ibility, is 

<lb/>folly.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg67"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies 

<lb/>neither heavie nor 

<lb/>light, according to<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Ari&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>With what rea&longs;on I doubt, whether grave bodies move 

<lb/>by a right and perpendicular line, you &longs;hall hear, as I &longs;aid be&shy;

<lb/>fore, when I &longs;hall examine this particular argument. </s><s>Touching 

<lb/>the &longs;econd point, I wonder that you &longs;hould need to di&longs;cover the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Paralogi&longs;m<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> being of it &longs;elf &longs;o manife&longs;t; and that 

<lb/>you perceive not, that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;uppo&longs;eth that which is in que&longs;ti&shy;

<lb/>on: therefore take notice.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Pray <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;peak with more re&longs;pect of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>: 

<lb/>for who can you ever per&longs;wade, that he who was the fir&longs;t, only, 

<lb/>and admirable explainer of the <emph type="italics"/>Syllogi&longs;tick<emph.end type="italics"/> forms of demon&longs;tration, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg68"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Elenchs,<emph.end type="italics"/> of the manner of di&longs;covering <emph type="italics"/>Sophi&longs;ms, Paralogi&longs;ms,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>in &longs;hort, of all the parts of <emph type="italics"/>Logick,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hould afterwards &longs;o notoriou&longs;ly 

<lb/>equivocate in impo&longs;ing that for known, which is in que&longs;tion? </s><s>It 

<lb/>would be better, my Ma&longs;ters, fir&longs;t perfectly to under&longs;tand him, 

<lb/>and then to try, if you have a minde, to oppo&longs;e him.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg68"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>cannot e&shy;

<lb/>quivocate, being 

<lb/>the inventer of<emph.end type="italics"/> Lo&shy;

<lb/>gick.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> we are here familiarly di&longs;cour&longs;ing among 

<lb/>our &longs;elves, to inve&longs;tigate &longs;ome truth; I &longs;hall not be di&longs;plea&longs;ed 

<lb/>that you di&longs;cover my errors; and if I do not follow the mind of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> freely reprehend me, and I &longs;hall take it in good part. 

<lb/></s><s>Onely give me leave to expound my doubts, and to reply &longs;ome&shy;

<lb/>thing to your la&longs;t words, telling you, that <emph type="italics"/>Logick,<emph.end type="italics"/> as it is well 

<lb/>under&longs;tood, is the Organe with which we philo&longs;ophate; but as it 

<lb/>may be po&longs;&longs;ible, that an Arti&longs;t may be excellent in making Or&shy;

<lb/>gans, but unlearned in playing on them, thus he might be a great 

<lb/>Logician, but unexpert in making u&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Logick<emph.end type="italics"/>; like as we have 

<lb/>many that theorically under&longs;tand the whole Art of Poetry, and 

<lb/>yet are unfortunate in compo&longs;ing but meer four Ver&longs;es; others 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg69"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>enjoy all the precepts of <emph type="italics"/>Vinci<emph.end type="italics"/>^{*}, and yet know not how to paint 

<lb/>a Stoole. </s><s>The playing on the Organs is not taught by them who 

<lb/>know how to make Organs, but by him that knows how to play 

<lb/>on them: Poetry is learnt by continual reading of Poets: Limn&shy;

<lb/>ing is learnt by continual painting and de&longs;igning: Demon&longs;tration 

<lb/>from the reading of Books full of demon&longs;trations, which are the 

<lb/>Mathematical onely, and not the Logical. </s><s>Now returning to our 

<lb/>purpo&longs;e, I &longs;ay, that that which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;eeth of the motion of 

<lb/>light bodies, is the departing of the Fire from any part of the 

<lb/>Superficies of the Terre&longs;trial Globe, and directly retreating from 

<lb/>it, mounting upwards; and this indeed is to move towards a 

<lb/>circumference greater than that of the Earth; yea, the &longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>A&shy;

<lb/>ri&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> makes it to move to the concave of the Moon, but that 

<lb/>this circumference is that of the World, or concentrick to it, &longs;o 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/030.jpg" pagenum="24"/>that to move towards this, is a moving towards that of the World, 

<lb/>that he cannot affirm, unle&longs;s he &longs;uppo&longs;eth, That the Centre of the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg70"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Earth, from which we &longs;ee the&longs;e light a&longs;cendent bodies to depart, 

<lb/>be the &longs;ame with the Centre of the World; which is as much as 

<lb/>to &longs;ay, that the terre&longs;trial Globe is con&longs;tituted in the mid&longs;t of the 

<lb/>World: which is yet that of which we were in doubt, and which 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/> intended to prove. </s><s>And do you &longs;ay that this is not a 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg71"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>manife&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Paralogi&longs;m<emph.end type="italics"/>?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg69"></margin.target>* A famous <emph type="italics"/>Italian<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Painter.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg70"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Paralogi&longs;m of<emph.end type="italics"/> A&shy;

<lb/>ri&longs;totle, <emph type="italics"/>in proving 

<lb/>the Earth to be in 

<lb/>the Centre of the 

<lb/>World.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg71"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Paralogi&longs;me 

<lb/>of<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>another 

<lb/>way di&longs;covered.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This Argument of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> appeared to me deficient 

<lb/>al&longs;o, and <emph type="italics"/>non<emph.end type="italics"/>-concludent for another re&longs;pect; though it were 

<lb/>granted, that that Circumference, to which the Fire directly mo&shy;

<lb/>veth, be that which includeth the World: for that in a circle, 

<lb/>not onely the centre, but any other point being taken, every move&shy;

<lb/>able which departing thence, &longs;hall move in a right line, and to&shy;

<lb/>wards any what&longs;oever part, &longs;hall without any doubt go towards 

<lb/>the circumference, and continuing the motion, &longs;hall al&longs;o arrive 

<lb/>thither; &longs;o that we may truly &longs;ay, that it moveth towards the 

<lb/>circumference: but yet it doth not follow, that that which mo&shy;

<lb/>veth by the &longs;ame line with a contrary motion, would go towards 

<lb/>the centre, unle&longs;s when the point taken were the centre it &longs;elf, 

<lb/>or that the motion were made by that onely line, which produced 

<lb/>from the point a&longs;&longs;igned, pa&longs;&longs;eth thorow the centre. </s><s>So that to 

<lb/>&longs;ay, that Fire moving in a right line, goeth towards the circumfe&shy;

<lb/>rence of the World, therefore the parts of the Earth which by 

<lb/>the &longs;ame lines move with a contrary motion, go towards the cen&shy;

<lb/>tre of the World, concludeth not, unle&longs;s then when it is pre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;ed, that the lines of the Fire prolonged pa&longs;s by the centre 

<lb/>of the World; and becau&longs;e we know certainly of them, that they 

<lb/>pa&longs;s by the centre of the Terre&longs;trial Globe (being perpendicu&shy;

<lb/>lar to its &longs;uperficies, and not inclined) therefore to conclude, it 

<lb/>mu&longs;t be &longs;uppo&longs;ed, that the centre of the Earth is the &longs;ame with 

<lb/>the centre of the World; or at lea&longs;t, that the parts of the Fire 

<lb/>and Earth de&longs;cend not, &longs;ave onely by one &longs;ole line which pa&longs;&longs;eth 

<lb/>by the centre of the World. </s><s>Which neverthele&longs;s is fal&longs;e, and re&shy;

<lb/>pugnant to experience, which &longs;heweth us, that the parts of 

<lb/>Fire, not by one line onely, but by infinite, produced from the 

<lb/>centre of the Earth towards all the parts of the World, a&longs;cend 

<lb/>always by lines perpendicular to the Superficies of the Terre&longs;tri&shy;

<lb/>al Globe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You do very ingeniou&longs;ly lead <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> to the &longs;ame in&shy;

<lb/>convenience, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hewing his manife&longs;t equivoke; but 

<lb/>withal you add another incon&longs;i&longs;tency. </s><s>We &longs;ee the Earth to be 

<lb/>&longs;pherical, and therefore are certain that it hath its centre, to which 

<lb/>we &longs;ee all its parts are moved; for &longs;o we mu&longs;t &longs;ay, whil&longs;t their 

<lb/>motions are all perpendicular to the Superficies of the Earth; we 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/031.jpg" pagenum="25"/>mean, that as they move to the centre of the Earth, they move to 

<lb/>their <emph type="italics"/>Whole,<emph.end type="italics"/> and to their Univer&longs;al Mother: and we are &longs;till far&shy;

<lb/>ther &longs;o free, that we will &longs;uffer our &longs;elves to be per&longs;waded, that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg72"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>their natural in&longs;tinct is, not to go towards the centre of the Earth, 

<lb/>but towards that of the Univer&longs;e; which we know not where to 

<lb/>find, or whether it be or no; and were it granted to be, it is but 

<lb/>an imaginary point, and a nothing without any quality. </s><s>As to 

<lb/>what <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aid la&longs;t, that the contending whether the parts 

<lb/>of the Sun, Moon, or other c&oelig;le&longs;tial Body, &longs;eparated from their 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Whole,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hould naturally return to it, is a vanity, for that the ca&longs;e 

<lb/>is impo&longs;&longs;ible; it being clear by the Demon&longs;trations of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>that the c&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies are impa&longs;&longs;ible, impenetrable, unparta&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg73"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ble, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> I an&longs;wer, that none of the conditions, whereby <emph type="italics"/>Aristo&shy;

<lb/>tle<emph.end type="italics"/> di&longs;tingui&longs;heth the C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies from Elementary, hath o&shy;

<lb/>ther foundation than what he deduceth from the diver&longs;ity of the 

<lb/>natural motion of tho&longs;e and the&longs;e; in&longs;omuch that it being deni&shy;

<lb/>ed, that the circular motion is peculiar to C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies, and 

<lb/>affirmed, that it is agreeable to all Bodies naturally moveable, it 

<lb/>is behoofull upon nece&longs;&longs;ary con&longs;equence to &longs;ay, either that the 

<lb/>attributes of generable, or ingenerable, alterable, or unalterable, 

<lb/>partable, or unpartable, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> equally and commonly agree with 

<lb/>all worldly bodies, namely, as well to the C&oelig;le&longs;tial as to the E&shy;

<lb/>lementary; or that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hath badly and erroneou&longs;ly dedu&shy;

<lb/>ced tho&longs;e from the circular motion, which he hath a&longs;&longs;igned to C&oelig;&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;tial Bodies.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg72"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Grave bodies may 

<lb/>more rationally be 

<lb/>affirmed to tend to 

<lb/>the Centre of the 

<lb/>Earth, than of the 

<lb/>Vniver&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg73"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The conditions and 

<lb/>attributes which 

<lb/>differ the c&oelig;le&longs;tial 

<lb/>bodies from Ele&shy;

<lb/>mentary, depend on 

<lb/>the motions a&longs;&longs;ign&shy;

<lb/>ed them by<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This manner of argumentation tends to the &longs;ubver&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>on of all Natural Philo&longs;ophy, and to the di&longs;order and &longs;ubver&longs;ion 

<lb/>of Heaven and Earth, and the whole Univer&longs;e; but I believe the 

<lb/>Fundamentals of the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> are &longs;uch, that we need not 

<lb/>fear that new Sciences can be erected upon their ruines.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Take no thought in this place for Heaven or the Earth, 

<lb/>neither fear their &longs;ubver&longs;ion, or the ruine of Philo&longs;ophy. </s><s>As to 

<lb/>Heaven, your fears are vain for that which you your &longs;elf hold 

<lb/>unalterable and impa&longs;&longs;ible; as for the Earth, we &longs;trive to enoble 

<lb/>and perfect it, whil&longs;t we make it like to the C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies, 

<lb/>and as it were place it in Heaven, whence your Philo&longs;ophers have 

<lb/>exiled it. </s><s>Philo&longs;ophy it &longs;elf cannot but receive benefit from our 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg74"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Di&longs;putes, for if our conceptions prove true, new Di&longs;coveries will 

<lb/>be made; if fal&longs;e, the fir&longs;t Doctrine will be more confirmed. 

<lb/></s><s>Rather be&longs;tow your care upon &longs;ome Philo&longs;ophers, and help and 

<lb/>defend them; for as to the Science it &longs;elf, it cannot but improve. 

<lb/></s><s>And that we may return to our purpo&longs;e, be plea&longs;ed freely to pro&shy;

<lb/>duce what pre&longs;ents it &longs;elf to you in confirmation of that great dif&shy;

<lb/>ference which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> puts between the C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies, and 

<lb/>the Elementary parts of the World, in making tho&longs;e ingenerable, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/032.jpg" pagenum="26"/>incorruptible, unalterable, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> and this corruptible, alterable, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg74"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The di&longs;putes and 

<lb/>contradictions of 

<lb/>Philo&longs;ophers may 

<lb/>conduce to the 

<lb/>benefit of Philo&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>phy.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I &longs;ee not yet any need that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hath of help, 

<lb/>&longs;tanding as he doth &longs;toutly and &longs;trongly on his feet; yea not be&shy;

<lb/>ing yet a&longs;&longs;aulted, much le&longs;s foiled by you. </s><s>And what ward will 

<lb/>you choo&longs;e in this combate for this fir&longs;t blow? <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/> writeth, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg75"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that whatever is generated, is made out of a contrary in &longs;ome 

<lb/>&longs;ubject, and likewi&longs;e is corrupted in &longs;ome certain &longs;ubject from a 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg76"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>contrary into a contrary; &longs;o that (ob&longs;erve) corruption and ge&shy;

<lb/>neration is never but onely in contraries; If therefore to a C&oelig;&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;tial Body no contrary can be a&longs;&longs;igned, for that to the circular 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg77"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>motion no other motion is contrary, then Nature hath done very 

<lb/>well to make that exempt from contraries, which was to be in&shy;

<lb/>generable and incorruptible, This fundamental fir&longs;t confirmed, 

<lb/>it immediately followeth of con&longs;equence, that it is inaugmenta&shy;

<lb/>ble, inalterable, impa&longs;&longs;ible, and finally eternal, and a propor&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg78"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tionate habitation to the immortal Deities, conformable to the 

<lb/>opinion even of all men that have any conceit of the Gods. </s><s>He 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg79"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>afterwards confirmeth the &longs;ame by &longs;en&longs;e; in regard, that in all 

<lb/>times pa&longs;t, according to memory or tradition, we &longs;ee nothing re&shy;

<lb/>moved, according to the whole outward Heaven, nor any of its 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg80"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>proper parts. </s><s>Next, as to the circular motion, that no other is 

<lb/>contrary to it, <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/> proveth many ways; but without reci&shy;

<lb/>ting them all, it is &longs;ufficiently demon&longs;trated, &longs;ince fimple motions 

<lb/>are but three, to the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> from the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> and about the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> of which the two right, <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ur&longs;um<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>deor&longs;um,<emph.end type="italics"/> are mani&shy;

<lb/>fe&longs;tly contrary; and becau&longs;e one onely hath onely one for con&shy;

<lb/>trary, therefore there re&longs;ts no other motion which may be contra&shy;

<lb/>ry to the circular. </s><s>You &longs;ee the &longs;ubtle and mo&longs;t concluding di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cour&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> whereby he proveth the incorruptibility of 

<lb/>Heaven.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg75"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totles <emph type="italics"/>di&longs;cour&longs;e 

<lb/>to prove the incor&shy;

<lb/>ruptibility of Hea&shy;

<lb/>ven.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg76"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Generation &amp; cor&shy;

<lb/>ruption is onely a&shy;

<lb/>mong&longs;t contraries, 

<lb/>according to<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;t.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg77"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>To the circular 

<lb/>motion no other 

<lb/>motion is contrary.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg78"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Heaven an habi&shy;

<lb/>tation for the imm&shy;

<lb/>ortal Gods.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg79"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Immutability of 

<lb/>Heaven evident to 

<lb/>&longs;ex&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg80"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>He proveth that 

<lb/>the circular motion 

<lb/>hath no contrary.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is nothing more, &longs;ave the pure progre&longs;s of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;to&shy;

<lb/>tle,<emph.end type="italics"/> by me hinted before; wherein, be&longs;ides that I affirm, that the 

<lb/>motion which you attribute to the C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies agreeth al&longs;o 

<lb/>to the Earth, its illation proves nothing. </s><s>I tell you therefore, 

<lb/>that that circular motion which you a&longs;&longs;ign to C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies, 

<lb/>&longs;uiteth al&longs;o to the Earth, from which, &longs;uppo&longs;ing that the re&longs;t of 

<lb/>your di&longs;cour&longs;e were concludent, will follow one of the&longs;e three 

<lb/>things, as I told you a little before, and &longs;hall repeat; namely, 

<lb/>either that the Earth it &longs;elf is al&longs;o ingenerable, and incorruptible, 

<lb/>as the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies; or that the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies are, like as 

<lb/>the Elementary generable, alterable &amp;c. </s><s>or that this difference of 

<lb/>motion hath nothing to do with Generation and Corruption. 

<lb/></s><s>The di&longs;cour&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and yours al&longs;o contain many Propo&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>tions not to be lightly admitted, and the better to examine them, 

<lb/>it will be convenient to reduce them to the mo&longs;t ab&longs;tracted and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/033.jpg" pagenum="27"/>di&longs;tinct that can be po&longs;&longs;ible; and excu&longs;e me <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> if haply 

<lb/>with &longs;ome tediou&longs;ne&longs;s you hear me oft repeat the &longs;ame things, 

<lb/>and fancie that you &longs;ee me rea&longs;&longs;ume my argument in the pub&shy;

<lb/>lick circle of Di&longs;putations. </s><s>You &longs;ay Generation and Corrupti&shy;

<lb/>on are onely made where there are contraries; contraries 

<lb/>are onely among&longs;t &longs;imple natural bodies, moveable with contrary 

<lb/>motions; contrary motions are onely tho&longs;e which are made by 

<lb/>a right line between contrary terms; and the&longs;e are onely two, 

<lb/>that is to &longs;ay, from the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> and towards the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/>; and 

<lb/>&longs;uch motions belong to no other natural bodies, but to the <emph type="italics"/>Earth,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Fire,<emph.end type="italics"/> and the other two Elements: therefore Generation 

<lb/>and Corruption is onely among&longs;t the Elements. </s><s>And becau&longs;e 

<lb/>the third &longs;imple motion, namely, the circular about the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>hath no contrary, (for that the other two are contraries, and one 

<lb/>onely, hath but onely one contrary) therefore that natural body 

<lb/>with which &longs;uch motion agreeth, wants a contrary; and having 

<lb/>no contrary is ingenerable and incorruptible, &amp;c. </s><s>Becau&longs;e where 

<lb/>there is no contrariety, there is no generation or corruption, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>But &longs;uch motion agreeth onely with the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies; there&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg81"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>fore onely the&longs;e are ingenerable, incorruptible, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> And to 

<lb/>begin, I think it a more ea&longs;ie thing, and &longs;ooner done to re&longs;olve, 

<lb/>whether the Earth (a mo&longs;t va&longs;t Body, and for its vicinity to us, 

<lb/>mo&longs;t tractable) moveth with a &longs;peedy motion, &longs;uch as its revo&shy;

<lb/>lution about its own axis in twenty four hours would be, than it 

<lb/>is to under&longs;tand and re&longs;olve, whether Generation and Corruption 

<lb/>ari&longs;eth from contrariety, or el&longs;e whether there be &longs;uch things as 

<lb/>generation, corruption and contrariety in nature. </s><s>And if you, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> can tell me what method Nature ob&longs;erves in working, 

<lb/>when &longs;he in a very &longs;hort time begets an infinite number of flies 

<lb/>from a little vapour of the Mu&longs;t of wine, and can &longs;hew me which 

<lb/>are there the contraries you &longs;peak of, what it is that corrupteth, 

<lb/>and how; I &longs;hould think you would do more than I can; for I 

<lb/>profe&longs;s I cannot comprehend the&longs;e things. </s><s>Be&longs;ides, I would ve&shy;

<lb/>ry gladly under&longs;tand how, and why the&longs;e corruptive contraries are 

<lb/>&longs;o favourable to Daws, and &longs;o cruel to Doves; &longs;o indulgent to 

<lb/>Stags, and &longs;o ha&longs;ty to Hor&longs;es, that they do grant to them many 

<lb/>more years of life, that is, of incorruptibility, than weeks to the&longs;e. 

<lb/></s><s>Peaches and Olives are planted in the &longs;ame &longs;oil, expo&longs;ed to the 

<lb/>&longs;ame heat and cold, to the &longs;ame wind and rains, and, in a word, 

<lb/>to the &longs;ame contrarieties; and yet tho&longs;e decay in a &longs;hort time, 

<lb/>and the&longs;e live many hundred years. </s><s>Furthermore, I never was 

<lb/>thorowly &longs;atisfied about this &longs;ub&longs;tantial tran&longs;mutation (&longs;till keep&shy;

<lb/>ing within pure natural bounds) whereby a matter becometh &longs;o 

<lb/>transform'd, that it &longs;hould be nece&longs;&longs;arily &longs;aid to be de&longs;troy'd, &longs;o 

<lb/>that nothing remaineth of its fir&longs;t being, and that another body 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/034.jpg" pagenum="28"/><arrow.to.target n="marg82"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>quite differing there-from &longs;hould be thence produced; and if I 

<lb/>fancy to my &longs;elf a body under one a&longs;pect, and by and by under 

<lb/>another very different, I cannot think it impo&longs;&longs;ible but that it may 

<lb/>happen by a &longs;imple tran&longs;po&longs;ition of parts, without corrupting or 

<lb/>ingendring any thing a-new; for we &longs;ee &longs;uch kinds of Metamor&shy;

<lb/>pho&longs;es dayly: &longs;o that to return to my purpo&longs;e, I an&longs;wer you, 

<lb/>that ina&longs;much as you go about to per&longs;wade me that the Earth can 

<lb/>not move circularly by way of corruptibility and generability, 

<lb/>you have undertook a much harder task than I, that with argu&shy;

<lb/>ments more difficult indeed, but no le&longs;s concluding, will prove 

<lb/>the contrary.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg81"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Its ea&longs;ier to prove 

<lb/>the Earth to move, 

<lb/>than that corrupti&shy;

<lb/>on is made by con&shy;

<lb/>traries.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg82"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Bare tran&longs;po&longs;ition 

<lb/>of parts may repre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ent bodies under 

<lb/>diver&longs;e asp cts.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Pardon me, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> if I interrupt your di&longs;cour&longs;e, 

<lb/>which, as it delights me much, for that I al&longs;o am gravel'd with 

<lb/>the &longs;ame doubts; &longs;o I fear that you can never conclude the &longs;ame, 

<lb/>without altogether digre&longs;&longs;ing from your chief de&longs;ign: therefore 

<lb/>if it be permitted to proceed in our fir&longs;t argument, I &longs;hould think 

<lb/>that it were convenient to remit this que&longs;tion of generation and 

<lb/>corruption to another di&longs;tinct and &longs;ingle conference; as al&longs;o, if 

<lb/>it &longs;hall plea&longs;e you and <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> we may do by other particular 

<lb/>que&longs;tions which may fall in the way of our di&longs;cour&longs;e; which I 

<lb/>will keep in my mind to propo&longs;e, and exactly di&longs;cu&longs;s them &longs;ome 

<lb/>other time. </s><s>Now as for the pre&longs;ent, &longs;ince you &longs;ay, that if <emph type="italics"/>Ari&shy;

<lb/>&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> deny circular motion to the Earth in common with other 

<lb/>bodies C&oelig;le&longs;tial, it chence will follow, that the &longs;ame which be&shy;

<lb/>falleth the Earth, as to its being generable, alterable, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> will 

<lb/>hold al&longs;o of Heaven, let us enquire no further if there be &longs;uch 

<lb/>things in nature, as generation and corruption, or not; but let 

<lb/>us return to enquire what the Globe of the Earth doth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I cannot &longs;uffer my ears to hear it que&longs;tion'd, whether 

<lb/>generation and corruption be in <emph type="italics"/>rerum natur&agrave;,<emph.end type="italics"/> it being a thing 

<lb/>which we have continually before our eyes, and whereof <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg83"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>hath written two whole Books. </s><s>But if you go about to deny the 

<lb/>Principles of Sciences, and que&longs;tion things mo&longs;t manife&longs;t, who 

<lb/>knows not, but that you may prove what you will, and maintain 

<lb/>any <emph type="italics"/>Paradox<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s><s>And if you do not dayly &longs;ee herbs, plants, ani&shy;

<lb/>mals to generate and corrupt, what is it that you do &longs;ee? </s><s>Al&longs;o, 

<lb/>do you not continually behold contrarieties contend together, 

<lb/>and the Earth change into Water, the Water turn to Air, the 

<lb/>Air into Fire, and again the Air to conden&longs;e into Clouds, Rains, 

<lb/>Hails and Storms?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg83"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>By denying Prin&shy;

<lb/>ciples in the Scien&shy;

<lb/>ces, any Paradox 

<lb/>may be maintain&shy;

<lb/>ed.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Yes, we &longs;ee the&longs;e things indeed, and therefore will 

<lb/>grant you the di&longs;cour&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> as to this part of generation 

<lb/>and corruption made by contraries; but if I &longs;hall conclude by 

<lb/>virtue of the &longs;ame propo&longs;itions which are granted to <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>that the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies them&longs;elves are al&longs;o generable and cor&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/035.jpg" pagenum="29"/>ruptible, a&longs;well as the Elementary, what will you &longs;ay then?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I will &longs;ay you have done that which is impo&longs;&longs;ible to 

<lb/>be done.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Go to; tell me, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> are not the&longs;e affections 

<lb/>contrary to one another?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. Which?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Why the&longs;e; Alterable, unalterable; pa&longs;&longs;ible, ^{*} impa&longs;&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg84"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;ible; generable, ingenerable; corruptible, incorruptible?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg84"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>Or,<emph.end type="italics"/> Impatible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>They are mo&longs;t contrary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Well then, if this be true, and it be al&longs;o granted, 

<lb/>that C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies are ingenerable and incorruptible; I prove 

<lb/>that of nece&longs;&longs;ity C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies mu&longs;t be generable and corru&shy;

<lb/>ptible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This mu&longs;t needs be a <emph type="italics"/>Sophi&longs;m.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Hear my Argument, and then cen&longs;ure and re&longs;olve it. 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg85"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies, for that they are ingenerable and incorruptible, 

<lb/>have in Nature their contraries, which are tho&longs;e Bodies that be 

<lb/>generable and corruptible; but where there is contrariety, there 

<lb/>is al&longs;o generation and corruption; therefore C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies are 

<lb/>generable and corruptible.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg85"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>C&oelig;lestial Bodies 

<lb/>are generable and 

<lb/>corruptible, be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e they are in&shy;

<lb/>generable and in&shy;

<lb/>corruptible.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Did I not &longs;ay it could be no other than a <emph type="italics"/>Sophi&longs;m<emph.end type="italics"/>? 

<lb/></s><s>This is one of tho&longs;e forked Arguments called <emph type="italics"/>Sorit&aelig;<emph.end type="italics"/>: like that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg86"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of the <emph type="italics"/>Cretan,<emph.end type="italics"/> who &longs;aid that all <emph type="italics"/>Cretans<emph.end type="italics"/> were lyars; but he as 

<lb/>being a <emph type="italics"/>Cretan,<emph.end type="italics"/> had told a lye, in &longs;aying that the <emph type="italics"/>Cretans<emph.end type="italics"/> were ly&shy;

<lb/>ars; it followed therefore, that the <emph type="italics"/>Cretans<emph.end type="italics"/> were no lyars, and 

<lb/>con&longs;equently that he, as being a <emph type="italics"/>Cretan,<emph.end type="italics"/> had &longs;poke truth: And 

<lb/>yet in &longs;aying the <emph type="italics"/>Cretans<emph.end type="italics"/> were lyars, he had &longs;aid true, and com&shy;

<lb/>prehending him&longs;elf as a <emph type="italics"/>Cretan,<emph.end type="italics"/> he mu&longs;t con&longs;equently be a lyar. 

<lb/></s><s>And thus in the&longs;e kinds of <emph type="italics"/>Sophi&longs;ms<emph.end type="italics"/> a man may dwell to eternity, 

<lb/>and never come to any conclu&longs;ion.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg86"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The forked Syllo&shy;

<lb/>gi&longs;m cal'd<emph.end type="italics"/> <foreign lang="greek">*cwri/ths.</foreign></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You have hitherto cen&longs;ured it, it remaineth now that 

<lb/>you an&longs;wer it, &longs;hewing the fallacie.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>As to the re&longs;olving of it, and finding out its fallacie, 

<lb/>do you not in the fir&longs;t place &longs;ee a manife&longs;t contradiction in it? 

<lb/></s><s>C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies are ingenerable and incorruptible; <emph type="italics"/>Ergo,<emph.end type="italics"/> C&oelig;le&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tial Bodies are generable and corruptible. </s><s>And again, the con&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg87"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>trariety is not betwixt the C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies, but betwixt the E&shy;

<lb/>lements, which have the contrariety of the Motions, <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ur&longs;&ugrave;m<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>deor&longs;&ugrave;m,<emph.end type="italics"/> and of levity and gravity; But the Heavens which move 

<lb/>circularly, to which motion no other motion is contrary, want 

<lb/>contrariety, and therefore they are incorruptible.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg87"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Among&longs;t C&oelig;le&longs;tial 

<lb/>Bodies there is no 

<lb/>contrariety.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Fair and &longs;oftly, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>; this contrariety whereby 

<lb/>you &longs;ay &longs;ome &longs;imple Bodies become corruptible, re&longs;ides it in the 

<lb/>&longs;ame Body which is corrupted, or el&longs;e hath it relation to &longs;ome o&shy;

<lb/>other? </s><s>I &longs;ay, for example, the humidity by which a piece of Earth 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/036.jpg" pagenum="30"/>is corrupted, re&longs;ides it in the &longs;ame Earth or in &longs;ome other bodie, 

<lb/>which mu&longs;t either be the Air or Water? </s><s>I believe you will grant, 

<lb/>that like as the Motions upwards and downwards, and gravity 

<lb/>and levity, which you make the fir&longs;t contraries, cannot be in the 

<lb/>&longs;ame Subject, &longs;o neither can moi&longs;t and dry, hot and cold: you 

<lb/>mu&longs;t therefore con&longs;equently acknowledg that when a bodie cor&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg88"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>rupteth, it is occa&longs;ioned by &longs;ome quality re&longs;iding in another con&shy;

<lb/>trary to its own: therefore to make the C&oelig;le&longs;tial Body become 

<lb/>corruptible, it &longs;ufficeth that there are in Nature, bodies that have 

<lb/>a contrariety to that C&oelig;le&longs;tial body; and &longs;uch are the Elements, 

<lb/>if it be true that corruptibility be contrary to incorruptibility.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg88"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Contraries which 

<lb/>are the cau&longs;es of 

<lb/>corruption, re&longs;ide 

<lb/>not in the &longs;ame bo&shy;

<lb/>dy that corrupteth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This &longs;ufficeth not, Sir; The Elements alter and cor&shy;

<lb/>rupt, becau&longs;e they are intermixed, and are joyn'd to one another, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg89"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>and &longs;o may exerci&longs;e their contrariety; but C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies are 

<lb/>&longs;eparated from the Elements, by which they are not &longs;o much as 

<lb/>toucht, though indeed they have an influence upon the Elements. 

<lb/></s><s>It is requi&longs;ite, if you will prove generation and corruption in C&oelig;&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;tial bodies, that you &longs;hew, that there re&longs;ides contrarieties be&shy;

<lb/>tween them.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg89"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies 

<lb/>touch, but are not 

<lb/>touched by the E&shy;

<lb/>lements.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>See how I will find tho&longs;e contrarieties between them. 

<lb/></s><s>The fir&longs;t fountain from whence you derive the contrariety of the 

<lb/>Elements, is the contrariety of their motions upwards and down&shy;

<lb/>wards: it therefore is nece&longs;&longs;ary that tho&longs;e Principles be in like 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg90"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>manner contraries to each other, upon which tho&longs;e motions de&shy;

<lb/>pend. </s><s>and becau&longs;e that is moveable upwards by lightne&longs;s, 

<lb/>and this downwards by gravitv, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that lightne&longs;s and 

<lb/>gravity are contrary to each other: no le&longs;s are we to believe tho&longs;e 

<lb/>other Principles to be contraries, which are the cau&longs;es that this is 

<lb/>heavy, and that light: but by your own confe&longs;&longs;ion, levity and 

<lb/>gravity follow as con&longs;equents of rarity and den&longs;ity; therefore 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg91"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>rarity and den&longs;ity &longs;hall be contraries: the which conditions or 

<lb/>affections are &longs;o amply found in C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies, that you e&shy;

<lb/>&longs;teem the &longs;tars to be onely more den&longs;e parts of their Heaven: 

<lb/>and if this be &longs;o, it followeth that the den&longs;ity of the &longs;tars exceeds 

<lb/>that of the re&longs;t of Heaven, by almo&longs;t infinite degrees: 

<lb/>which is manife&longs;t, in that Heaven is infinitely tran&longs;parent, and 

<lb/>the &longs;tars extremely opacous; and for that there are there above 

<lb/>no other qualities, but more and le&longs;s den&longs;ity and rarity, which 

<lb/>may be cau&longs;es of the greater or le&longs;s tran&longs;parency. </s><s>There being 

<lb/>then &longs;uch contrariety between the C&oelig;leftial bodies, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary 

<lb/>that they al&longs;o be generable and corruptible, in the &longs;ame manner 

<lb/>as the Elementary bodies are; or el&longs;e that contrariety is not the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg92"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>cau&longs;e of corruptibility, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg90"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Gravity &amp; levity, 

<lb/>varity and den&longs;ity, 

<lb/>are contrary qua&shy;

<lb/>lities.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg91"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;tars infinitely 

<lb/>&longs;urpa&longs;s the &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance of the re&longs;t of 

<lb/>Heaven in den&longs;ity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg92"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Rarity &amp; den&longs;ity 

<lb/>in C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies, 

<lb/>is different from 

<lb/>the rarity &amp; den&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ity of the elements.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>There is no nece&longs;&longs;ity either of one or the other, for 

<lb/>that den&longs;ity and rarity in C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies, are not contraries to 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/037.jpg" pagenum="31"/>each other, as in Elementary bodies; for that they depend not 

<lb/>on the primary qualities, cold and heat, which are contraries; but 

<lb/>on the more or le&longs;s matter in proportion to quantity: now much 

<lb/>and little, &longs;peak onely a relative oppo&longs;ition, that is, the lea&longs;t of 

<lb/>oppo&longs;itions, and which hath nothing to do with generation and 

<lb/>corruption.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Therefore affirming, that den&longs;ity and rarity, which a&shy;

<lb/>mong&longs;t the Elements &longs;hould be the cau&longs;e of gravity and levity, 

<lb/>which may be the cau&longs;es of contrary motions <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ur&longs;&ugrave;m<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>deor&shy;

<lb/>&longs;&ugrave;m,<emph.end type="italics"/> on which, again, dependeth the contrarieties for generation 

<lb/>and corruption; it &longs;ufficeth not that they be tho&longs;e den&longs;ne&longs;&longs;es and 

<lb/>rarene&longs;&longs;es which under the &longs;ame quantity, or (if you will) ma&longs;s 

<lb/>contain much or little matter, but it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that they be den&longs;&shy;

<lb/>ne&longs;&longs;es and rarene&longs;&longs;es cau&longs;ed by the primary qualities, hot and 

<lb/>cold, otherwi&longs;e they would operate nothing at all: but if this be 

<lb/>&longs;o, <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hath deceived us, for that he &longs;hould have told it us at 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg93"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>fir&longs;t, and &longs;o have left written that tho&longs;e &longs;imple bodies are gene&shy;

<lb/>rable and corruptible, that are moveable with &longs;imple motions 

<lb/>upwards and downwards, dependent on levity and gravity, cau&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ed by rarity and den&longs;ity, made by much or little matter, by 

<lb/>rea&longs;on of heat and cold; and not to have &longs;taid at the &longs;imple mo&shy;

<lb/>tion <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ur&longs;&ugrave;m<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>deor&longs;&ugrave;m<emph.end type="italics"/>: for I a&longs;&longs;ure you that to the making 

<lb/>of bodies heavy or light, whereby they come to be moved with 

<lb/>contrary motions, any kind of den&longs;ity and rarity &longs;ufficeth, whe&shy;

<lb/>ther it proceed from heat and cold, or what el&longs;e you plea&longs;e; for 

<lb/>heat and cold have nothing to do in this affair: and you &longs;hall 

<lb/>upon experiment find, that a red hot iron, which you mu&longs;t grant 

<lb/>to have heat, weigheth as much, and moves in the &longs;ame manner 

<lb/>as when it is cold. </s><s>But to overpa&longs;s this al&longs;o, how know you but 

<lb/>that C&oelig;le&longs;tial rarity and den&longs;ity depend on heat and cold?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg93"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>defective 

<lb/>in a&longs;&longs;igning the 

<lb/>cau&longs;es why the ele&shy;

<lb/>ments are genera&shy;

<lb/>ble &amp; corruptible.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I know it, becau&longs;e tho&longs;e qualities are not among&longs;t 

<lb/>C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies, which are neither hot nor cold.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I &longs;ee we are again going about to engulph our &longs;elves in 

<lb/>a bottomle&longs;s ocean, where there is no getting to &longs;hore; for this 

<lb/>is a Navigation without Compa&longs;s, Stars, Oars or Rudder: &longs;o that 

<lb/>it will follow either that we be forced to pa&longs;s from Shelf to Shelf, 

<lb/>or run on ground, or to &longs;ail continually in danger of being lo&longs;t. 

<lb/></s><s>Therefore, if according to your advice we &longs;hall proceed in our 

<lb/>main de&longs;ign, we mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity for the pre&longs;ent overpa&longs;s this 

<lb/>general con&longs;ideration, whether direct motion be nece&longs;&longs;ary in Na&shy;

<lb/>ture, and agree with &longs;ome bodies; and come to the particular 

<lb/>demon&longs;trations, ob&longs;ervations and experiments; propounding in 

<lb/>the fir&longs;t place all tho&longs;e that have been hitherto alledged by <emph type="italics"/>Ari&shy;

<lb/>&longs;totle, Ptolomey,<emph.end type="italics"/> and others, to prove the &longs;tability of the Earth, en&shy;

<lb/>deavouring in the next place to an&longs;wer them: and producing in 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/038.jpg" pagenum="32"/>the la&longs;t place, tho&longs;e, by which others may be per&longs;waded, that the 

<lb/>Earth is no le&longs;s than the Moon, or any other Planet to be num&shy;

<lb/>bered among&longs;t natural bodies that move circularly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I &longs;hall the more willingly incline to this, in that I am 

<lb/>better &longs;atisfied with your Architectonical and general di&longs;cour&longs;e, 

<lb/>than with that of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> for yours convinceth me without the 

<lb/>lea&longs;t &longs;cruple, and the other at every &longs;tep cro&longs;&longs;eth my way with 

<lb/>&longs;ome block. </s><s>And I &longs;ee no rea&longs;on why <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hould not be 

<lb/>pre&longs;ently &longs;atisfied with the Argument you alledg, to prove that 

<lb/>there can be no &longs;uch thing in nature as a motion by a right line, 

<lb/>if we do but pre&longs;uppo&longs;e that the parts of the Univer&longs;e are di&longs;po&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ed in an excellent con&longs;titution and perfect order.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Stay a little, good <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> for ju&longs;t now a way comes 

<lb/>into my mind, how I may give <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;atisfaction, provided 

<lb/>that he will not be &longs;o &longs;trictly wedded to every expre&longs;&longs;ion of <emph type="italics"/>A&shy;

<lb/>ri&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> as to hold it here&longs;ie to recede in any thing from him. </s><s>Nor 

<lb/>is there any que&longs;tion to be made, but that if we grant the excel&shy;

<lb/>lent di&longs;po&longs;ition and perfect order of the parts of the Univer&longs;e, 

<lb/>as to local &longs;cituation, that then there is no other but the circular 

<lb/>motion, and re&longs;t; for as to the motion by a right line, I &longs;ee not 

<lb/>how it can be of u&longs;e for any thing, but to reduce to their natural 

<lb/>con&longs;titution, &longs;ome integral bodies, that by &longs;ome accident were re&shy;

<lb/>mov'd and &longs;eparated from their whole, as we &longs;aid above.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Let us now con&longs;ider the whole Terre&longs;trial Globe, and enquire 

<lb/>the be&longs;t we can, whether it, and the other Mundane bodies are to 

<lb/>con&longs;erve them&longs;elves in their perfect and natural di&longs;po&longs;ition. </s><s>It 

<lb/>is nece&longs;&longs;ary to &longs;ay, either that it re&longs;ts and keeps perpetually im&shy;

<lb/>moveable in its place; or el&longs;e that continuing always in its place, 

<lb/>it revolves in its &longs;elf; or that it turneth about a Centre, moving 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg94"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>by the circumference of a circle. </s><s>Of which accidents, both <emph type="italics"/>Ari&shy;

<lb/>&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomey,<emph.end type="italics"/> and all their followers &longs;ay, that it hath ever 

<lb/>ob&longs;erved, and &longs;hall continually keep the fir&longs;t, that is, a perpetual 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg95"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>re&longs;t in the &longs;ame place. </s><s>Now, why, I pray you, ought they not 

<lb/>to have &longs;aid, that its natural affection is to re&longs;t immoveable, ra&shy;

<lb/>ther than to make natural unto it the motion ^{*} downwards, with 

<lb/>which motion it never did or &longs;hall move? </s><s>And as to the motion 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg96"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>by a right line, they mu&longs;t grant us that Nature maketh u&longs;e of it 

<lb/>to reduce the &longs;mall parts of the Earth, Water, Air, Fire, and every 

<lb/>other integral Mundane body to their <emph type="italics"/>Whole,<emph.end type="italics"/> when any of them 

<lb/>by chance are &longs;eparated, and &longs;o tran&longs;ported out of their proper 

<lb/>place; if al&longs;o haply, &longs;ome circular motion might not be found 

<lb/>to be more convenient to make this re&longs;titution. </s><s>In my judg&shy;

<lb/>ment, this primary po&longs;ition an&longs;wers much better, even according 

<lb/>to <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totles<emph.end type="italics"/> own method, to all the other con&longs;equences, than 

<lb/>to attribute the &longs;traight motion to be an intrin&longs;ick and natural 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/039.jpg" pagenum="33"/>principle of the Elements. </s><s>Which is manife&longs;t, for that if I aske 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick,<emph.end type="italics"/> if, being of opinion that C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies are 

<lb/>incorruptibe and eternal, he believeth that the Terre&longs;tial Globe 

<lb/>is not &longs;o, but corruptible and mortal, &longs;o that there &longs;hall come a 

<lb/>time, when the Sun and Moon and other Stars, continuing their 

<lb/>beings and operations, the Earth &longs;hall not be found in the 

<lb/>World, but &longs;hall with the re&longs;t of the Elements be de&longs;troyed 

<lb/>and annihilated, I am certain that he would an&longs;wer me, no: 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg97"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>therefore generation and corruption is in the parts and not in the 

<lb/>whole; and in the parts very &longs;mall and &longs;uperficial, which are, 

<lb/>as it were, incen&longs;ible in compari&longs;on of the whole ma&longs;&longs;e. </s><s>And 

<lb/>becau&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> deduceth generation and corruption from the 

<lb/>contrariety of &longs;treight motions, let us remit &longs;uch motions to the 

<lb/>parts, which onely change and decay, and to the whole Globe 

<lb/>and Sphere of the Elements, let us a&longs;cribe either the circular mo&shy;

<lb/>tion, or a perpetual con&longs;i&longs;tance in its proper place: the only 

<lb/>affections apt for perpetuation, and maintaining of perfect order. 

<lb/></s><s>This which is &longs;poken of the Earth, may be &longs;aid with the &longs;ame 

<lb/>rea&longs;on of Fire, and of the greate&longs;t part of the Air; to which 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg98"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Elements, the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> are forced to a&longs;cribe for intrin&longs;ical 

<lb/>and natural, a motion wherewith they were never yet moved, 

<lb/>nor never &longs;hall be; and to call that motion preternatural to them, 

<lb/>wherewith, if they move at all, they do and ever &longs;hall move. 

<lb/></s><s>This I &longs;ay, becau&longs;e they a&longs;&longs;ign to the Air aud Fire the motion 

<lb/>upwards, wherewith tho&longs;e Elements were never moved, but 

<lb/>only &longs;ome parts of them, and tho&longs;e were &longs;o moved onely in or&shy;

<lb/>der to the recovery of their perfect con&longs;titution, when they were 

<lb/>out of their natural places; and on the contrary they call the 

<lb/>circular motion preternatural to them, though they are thereby 

<lb/>ince&longs;&longs;antly moved: forgeting, as it &longs;eemeth, what <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> oft in&shy;

<lb/>culcateth, that nothing violent can be permanent.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg94"></margin.target>Ari&longs;t. <emph type="italics"/>&amp;<emph.end type="italics"/> Ptolomey 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>make the Terre&shy;

<lb/>strial Globe immo&shy;

<lb/>veable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg95"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is better to &longs;ay, 

<lb/>that the Terre&longs;tri&shy;

<lb/>al Globe naturally 

<lb/>resteth, than that 

<lb/>it moveth directly 

<lb/>downwards.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg96"></margin.target>*The word is, <emph type="italics"/>all' 

<lb/>ingi&ugrave;,<emph.end type="italics"/> which the 

<lb/>Latine ver&longs;ion ren&shy;

<lb/>dreth <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ur&longs;&ugrave;m,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>which is quite con&shy;

<lb/>trary to the Au&shy;

<lb/>thors &longs;en&longs;e.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg97"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right Motion 

<lb/>with more rea&longs;on 

<lb/>attributed to the 

<lb/>parts, than to the 

<lb/>whole Elements.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg98"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Peripateticks 

<lb/>improperly a&longs;&longs;ign 

<lb/>tho&longs;e motious to 

<lb/>the Elements for 

<lb/>Natural, with 

<lb/>which they never 

<lb/>were moved, and 

<lb/>tho&longs;e for Preter&shy;

<lb/>natural with which 

<lb/>they alwayes are 

<lb/>moved.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>To all the&longs;e we have very pertinent an&longs;wers, which 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg99"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>I for this time omit, that we may come to the more particular 

<lb/>rea&longs;ons, and &longs;en&longs;ible experiments, which ought in conclu&longs;ion to 

<lb/>be oppo&longs;ed, as <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aitn well, to whatever humane rea&longs;on 

<lb/>can pre&longs;ent us with.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg99"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Sen&longs;ible experi&shy;

<lb/>ments to be prefer&shy;

<lb/>red to humane 

<lb/>Arguments.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>What hath been &longs;poken hitherto, &longs;erves to clear up 

<lb/>unto us which of the two general di&longs;cour&longs;es carrieth with it mo&longs;t 

<lb/>of probability, I mean that of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> which would per&longs;wade 

<lb/>us, that the &longs;ublunary bodies are by nature generable, and corru&shy;

<lb/>ptible, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> and therefore mo&longs;t different from the e&longs;&longs;ence of C&oelig;&shy;

<lb/>leftial bodies, which are impa&longs;&longs;ible, ingenerable, incorruptible, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> drawn from the diver&longs;ity of &longs;imple motions; or el&longs;e this of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> who &longs;uppo&longs;ing the integral parts of the World to be 

<lb/>di&longs;po&longs;ed in a perfect con&longs;titution, excludes by nece&longs;&longs;ary confe&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/040.jpg" pagenum="34"/>quence the right or &longs;traight motion of &longs;imple natural bodies, as 

<lb/>being of no u&longs;e in nature, and e&longs;teems the Earth it &longs;elf al&longs;o to 

<lb/>be one of the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies adorn'd with all the prerogatives 

<lb/>that agree with them; which la&longs;t di&longs;cour&longs;e is hitherto much 

<lb/>more likely, in my judgment, than that other. </s><s>Therefore re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;olve, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> to produce all the particular rea&longs;ons, experi&shy;

<lb/>ments and ob&longs;ervations, as well Natural as A&longs;tronomical, that 

<lb/>may &longs;erve to per&longs;wade us that the Earth differeth from the C&oelig;&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;tial bodies, is immoveable, and &longs;ituated in the Centre of the 

<lb/>World, and what ever el&longs;e excludes its moving like to the Planets, 

<lb/>as <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> or the <emph type="italics"/>Moon, &amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> And <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> will be plea&longs;ed to 

<lb/>be &longs;o civil as to an&longs;wer to them one by one.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>See here for a beginning, two mo&longs;t convincing Argu&shy;

<lb/>ments to demon&longs;trate the Earth to be mo&longs;t different from the 

<lb/>C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies. </s><s>Fir&longs;t, the bodies that are generable, corru&shy;

<lb/>ptible, alterable, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> are quite different from tho&longs;e that are in&shy;

<lb/>generable, incorruptible, unalterable, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> But the Earth is ge&shy;

<lb/>nerable, corruptible, alterable, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> and the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies in&shy;

<lb/>generable, incorruptible, unalterable, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> Therefore the Earth 

<lb/>is quite different from the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>By your fir&longs;t Argument you &longs;pread the Table with the 

<lb/>&longs;ame Viands, which but ju&longs;t now with much adoe were voided.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Hold a little, Sir, and take the re&longs;t along with you, 

<lb/>and then tell me if this be not different from what you had be&shy;

<lb/>fore. </s><s>In the former, the <emph type="italics"/>Minor<emph.end type="italics"/> was proved <emph type="italics"/>&agrave; priori,<emph.end type="italics"/> &amp; now you &longs;ee 

<lb/>it proved <emph type="italics"/>&agrave; po&longs;teriori:<emph.end type="italics"/> Judg then if it be the &longs;ame. </s><s>I prove the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Minor,<emph.end type="italics"/> therefore (the <emph type="italics"/>Major<emph.end type="italics"/> being mo&longs;t manife&longs;t) by &longs;en&longs;ible ex&shy;

<lb/>perience, which &longs;hews us that in the Earth there are made conti&shy;

<lb/>nual generations, corruptions, alterations, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> which neither our 

<lb/>&longs;en&longs;es, nor the traditions or memories of our Ance&longs;tors, ever &longs;aw 

<lb/>an in&longs;tance of in Heaven; therefore Heaven is unalterable, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg100"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>and the Earth alterable, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> and therefore different from Hea&shy;

<lb/>ven. </s><s>I take my &longs;econd Argument from a principal and e&longs;&longs;ential 

<lb/>accident, and it is this. </s><s>That body which is by its nature ob&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg101"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;cure and deprived of light, is divers from the luminous and &longs;hi&shy;

<lb/>ning bodies; but the Earth is ob&longs;cure and void of light, and the 

<lb/>C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies &longs;plendid, and full of light; <emph type="italics"/>Ergo, &amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> An&longs;wer 

<lb/>to the&longs;e Arguments fir&longs;t, that we may not heap up too many, 

<lb/>and then I will alledge others.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg100"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Heaven immuta&shy;

<lb/>ble, becau&longs;e there 

<lb/>never was any mu&shy;

<lb/>tation &longs;een in it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg101"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Bodies naturally 

<lb/>lucid, are different 

<lb/>from tho&longs;e which 

<lb/>are by nature ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cure.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>As to the fir&longs;t, the &longs;tre&longs;&longs;e whereof you lay upon ex&shy;

<lb/>perience, I de&longs;ire that you would a little more di&longs;tinctly produce 

<lb/>me the alteration which you &longs;ee made in the Earth, and not in 

<lb/>Heaven; upon which you call the Earth alterable, and the Hea&shy;

<lb/>vens not &longs;o.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I &longs;ee in the Earth, plants and animals continually ge&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/041.jpg" pagenum="35"/>nerating and decaying; winds, rains, tempe&longs;ts, &longs;torms ari&longs;ing; and 

<lb/>in a word, the a&longs;pect of the Earth to be perpetually metamorpho&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ing; none of which mutations are to be di&longs;cern'd in the C&oelig;le&longs;tial 

<lb/>bodies; the con&longs;titution and figuration of which is mo&longs;t punctu&shy;

<lb/>ally conformable to that they ever were time out of mind; without 

<lb/>the generation of any thing that is new, or corruption of any thing 

<lb/>that was old.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But if you content your &longs;elf with the&longs;e vi&longs;ible, or to 

<lb/>&longs;ay better, &longs;een experiments, you mu&longs;t con&longs;equently account 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>China<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>America<emph.end type="italics"/> C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies, for doubtle&longs;&longs;e you never 

<lb/>beheld in them the&longs;e alterations which you &longs;ee here in <emph type="italics"/>Italy,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>that therefore according to your apprehen&longs;ion they are inal&shy;

<lb/>terable.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Though I never did &longs;ee the&longs;e alterations &longs;enfibly in 

<lb/>tho&longs;e places, the relations of them are not to be que&longs;tioned; 

<lb/>be&longs;ides that, <emph type="italics"/>cum eadem &longs;it ratio totius, &amp; partium,<emph.end type="italics"/> tho&longs;e 

<lb/>Countreys being a part of the Earth, as well as ours, they 

<lb/>mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity be alterable as the&longs;e are.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And why have you not, without being put to believe 

<lb/>other mens relations, examined and ob&longs;erved tho&longs;e alterations 

<lb/>with your own eyes?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Becau&longs;e tho&longs;e places, be&longs;ides that they are not ex&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ed to our eyes, are &longs;o remote, that our &longs;ight cannot reach 

<lb/>to comprehend therein &longs;uch like mutations.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>See now, how you have unawares di&longs;covered the falla&shy;

<lb/>cy of your Argument; for, if you &longs;ay that the alterations that 

<lb/>are &longs;een on the Earth neer at hand, cannot, by rea&longs;on of the too 

<lb/>great di&longs;tance, be &longs;een in <emph type="italics"/>America,<emph.end type="italics"/> much le&longs;&longs;e can you &longs;ee them 

<lb/>in the Moon, which is &longs;o many hundred times more remote: 

<lb/>And if you believe the alterations in <emph type="italics"/>Mexico<emph.end type="italics"/> upon the report of 

<lb/>tho&longs;e that come from thence, what intelligence have you from 

<lb/>the Moon, to a&longs;&longs;ure you that there is no &longs;uch alterations in it? 

<lb/></s><s>Therefore, from your not &longs;eeing any alterations in Heaven, 

<lb/>whereas, if there were any &longs;uch, you could not &longs;ee them by rea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;on of their too great di&longs;tance, and from your not having intel&shy;

<lb/>ligence thereof, in regard that it cannot be had, you ought not 

<lb/>to argue, that there are no &longs;uch alterations; howbeit, from the 

<lb/>&longs;eeing and ob&longs;erving of them on Earth, you well argue that 

<lb/>therein &longs;uch there are.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I will &longs;hew &longs;o great mutations that have befaln on 

<lb/>the Earth; that if any &longs;uch had happened in the Moon, they 

<lb/>might very well have been ob&longs;erved here below. </s><s>We find in 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg102"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>very antient records, that heretofore at the Streights of <emph type="italics"/>Gibraltar,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>the two great Mountains <emph type="italics"/>Abila,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Calpen,<emph.end type="italics"/> were continued to&shy;

<lb/>gether by certain other le&longs;&longs;e Mountains which there gave check 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/042.jpg" pagenum="36"/>to the Ocean: but tho&longs;e Hills, being by &longs;ome cau&longs;e or other &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>parated, and a way being opened to the Sea to break in, it made 

<lb/>&longs;uch an inundation, that it gave occa&longs;ion to the calling of it &longs;ince 

<lb/>the Mid-land Sea: the greatne&longs;s whereof con&longs;idered, and the di&shy;

<lb/>vers a&longs;pect the &longs;urface of the Water and Earth then made, had it 

<lb/>been beheld afar off, there is no doubt but &longs;o great a change 

<lb/>might have been di&longs;cerned by one that was then in the Moon; 

<lb/>as al&longs;o to us inhabitants of the Earth, the like alterations would 

<lb/>be perceived in the Moon; but we find not in antiquity, that e&shy;

<lb/>ver there was &longs;uch a thing &longs;een; therefore we have no cau&longs;e to 

<lb/>&longs;ay, that any of the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies are alterable, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg102"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Mediterr ani&shy;

<lb/>an Sea made by the 

<lb/>&longs;eparation of<emph.end type="italics"/> Abi&shy;

<lb/>la <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> Calpen.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>That &longs;o great alterations have hapned in the Moon, I 

<lb/>dare not &longs;ay, but for all that, I am not yet certain but that &longs;uch 

<lb/>changes might occur; and becau&longs;e &longs;uch a mutation could onely 

<lb/>repre&longs;ent unto us &longs;ome kind of variation between the more clear, 

<lb/>and more ob&longs;cure parts of the Moon, I know not whether we 

<lb/>have had on Earth ob&longs;ervant Selenographers, who have for any 

<lb/>con&longs;iderable number of years, in&longs;tructed us with &longs;o exact Seleno&shy;

<lb/>graphy, as that we &longs;hould confidently conclude, that there hath 

<lb/>no &longs;uch change hapned in the face of the Moon; of the figura&shy;

<lb/>tion of which I find no more particular de&longs;cription, than the &longs;ay&shy;

<lb/>ing of &longs;ome, that it repre&longs;ents an humane face; of others, that 

<lb/>it is like the muzzle of a lyon; and of others, that it is <emph type="italics"/>Cain<emph.end type="italics"/> with 

<lb/>a bundle of thorns on his back: therefore, to &longs;ay Heaven is un&shy;

<lb/>alterable, becau&longs;e that in the Moon, or other C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies, no 

<lb/>&longs;uch alterations are &longs;een, as di&longs;cover them&longs;elves on Earth, is a bad 

<lb/>illation, and concludeth nothing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And there is another odd kind of &longs;cruple in this Argu&shy;

<lb/>ment of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> running in my mind, which I would gladly 

<lb/>have an&longs;wered; therefore I demand of him, whether the Earth 

<lb/>before the Mediterranian inundation was generable and corrupti&shy;

<lb/>ble, or el&longs;e began then &longs;o to be?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It was doubtle&longs;s generable and corruptible al&longs;o be&shy;

<lb/>fore that time; but that was &longs;o va&longs;t a mutation, that it might 

<lb/>have been ob&longs;erved as far as the Moon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Go to; if the Earth was generable and corruptible 

<lb/>before that Inundation, why may not the Moon be &longs;o like&shy;

<lb/>wi&longs;e without &longs;uch a change? </s><s>Or why &longs;hould that be nece&longs;&longs;ary 

<lb/>in the Moon, which importeth nothing on Earth?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is a &longs;hrewd que&longs;tion: But I am doubtfull that <emph type="italics"/>Sim&shy;

<lb/>plicius<emph.end type="italics"/> a little altereth the Text of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and the other <emph type="italics"/>Peri&shy;

<lb/>patelicks,<emph.end type="italics"/> who &longs;ay, they hold the Heavens unalterable, for that 

<lb/>they &longs;ee therein no one &longs;tar generate or corrupt, which is proba&shy;

<lb/>bly a le&longs;s part of Heaven, than a City is of the Earth, and yet 

<lb/>innumerable of the&longs;e have been de&longs;troyed, &longs;o as that no mark of 

<lb/>them hath remain'd.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/043.jpg" pagenum="37"/><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I verily believed otherwi&longs;e, and conceited that <emph type="italics"/>Sim&shy;

<lb/>plicius<emph.end type="italics"/> di&longs;&longs;embled this expo&longs;ition of the Text, that he might not 

<lb/>charge his Ma&longs;ter and Con&longs;ectators, with a notion more ab&longs;urd 

<lb/>than the former. </s><s>And what a folly it is to &longs;ay the C&oelig;le&longs;tial 

<lb/>part is unalterable, becau&longs;e no &longs;tars do generate or corrupt there&shy;

<lb/>in? </s><s>What then? </s><s>hath any &longs;een a Terre&longs;trial Globe corrupt, and 

<lb/>another regenerate in its place? </s><s>And yet is it not on all hands 

<lb/>granted by Philo&longs;ophers, that there are very few &longs;tars in Heaven 

<lb/>le&longs;s than the Earth, but very many that are much bigger? </s><s>So 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg103"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that for a &longs;tar in Heaven to corrupt, would be no le&longs;s than if the 

<lb/>whole Terre&longs;trial Globe &longs;hould be de&longs;troy'd. </s><s>Therefore, if for 

<lb/>the true proof of generation and corruption in the Univer&longs;e, it be 

<lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ary that &longs;o va&longs;t bodies as a &longs;tar, mu&longs;t corrupt and regene&shy;

<lb/>rate, you may &longs;atisfie your &longs;elf and cea&longs;e your opinion; for I 

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;ure you, that you &longs;hall never &longs;ee the Terre&longs;trial Globe or any 

<lb/>other integral body of the World, to corrupt or decay &longs;o, that 

<lb/>having been beheld by us for &longs;o many years pa&longs;t, they &longs;hould &longs;o 

<lb/>di&longs;&longs;olve, as not to leave any foot&longs;teps of them.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg103"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Its no le&longs;s impo&longs;&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>ble for a &longs;tar to 

<lb/>corrupt, than for 

<lb/>the whole Terre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trial Globe.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But to give <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> yet fuller &longs;atisfaction, and to 

<lb/>reclaim him, if po&longs;&longs;ible, from his error; I affirm, that we have in 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg104"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>our age new accidents and ob&longs;ervations, and &longs;uch, that I que&longs;tion 

<lb/>not in the lea&longs;t, but if <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> were now alive, they would make 

<lb/>him change his opinion; which may be ea&longs;ily collected from the 

<lb/>very manner of his di&longs;cour&longs;ing: For when he writeth that he e&shy;

<lb/>&longs;teemeth the Heavens inalterable, &amp;c. </s><s>becau&longs;e no new thing was 

<lb/>&longs;een to be begot therein, or any old to be di&longs;&longs;olved, he &longs;eems im&shy;

<lb/>plicitely to hint unto us, that when he &longs;hould &longs;ee any &longs;uch acci&shy;

<lb/>dent, he would hold the contrary; and confront, as indeed it is 

<lb/>meet, &longs;en&longs;ible experiments to natural rea&longs;on: for had he not 

<lb/>made any reckoning of the &longs;en&longs;es, he would not then from the 

<lb/>not &longs;eeing of any &longs;en&longs;ible mutation, have argued immutability.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg104"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>would 

<lb/>change his opinion, 

<lb/>did he &longs;ee the no&shy;

<lb/>velties of our age.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> deduceth his principal Argument <emph type="italics"/>&agrave; priori,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>&longs;hewing the nece&longs;&longs;ity of the inalterability of Heaven by natural, 

<lb/>manife&longs;t and clear principles; and then &longs;tabli&longs;heth the &longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>&agrave; po&shy;

<lb/>&longs;teriori,<emph.end type="italics"/> by &longs;en&longs;e, and the traditions of the antients.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This you &longs;peak of is the Method he hath ob&longs;erved in 

<lb/>delivering his Doctrine, but I do not bethink it yet to be that 

<lb/>wherewith he invented it; for I do believe for certain, that he 

<lb/>fir&longs;t procured by help of the &longs;en&longs;es, &longs;uch experiments and ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>vations as he could, to a&longs;&longs;ure him as much as it was po&longs;&longs;ible, of the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg105"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>conclu&longs;ion, and that he afterwards &longs;ought out the means how to 

<lb/>demon&longs;trate it: For this, the u&longs;ual cour&longs;e in demon&longs;trative Scien&shy;

<lb/>ces, and the rea&longs;on thereof is, becau&longs;e when the conclu&longs;ion is 

<lb/>true, by help of re&longs;olutive Method, one may hit upon &longs;ome pro&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ition before demon&longs;trated, or come to &longs;ome principle known 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/044.jpg" pagenum="38"/><emph type="italics"/>per &longs;e<emph.end type="italics"/>; but if the conclu&longs;ion be fal&longs;e, a man may proceed <emph type="italics"/>in in&shy;

<lb/>finitum,<emph.end type="italics"/> and never meet with any truth already known; but ve&shy;

<lb/>ry oft he &longs;hall meet with &longs;ome impo&longs;&longs;ibility or manife&longs;t ab&longs;urdi&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg106"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ty. </s><s>Nor need you que&longs;tion but that <emph type="italics"/>Pythagoras<emph.end type="italics"/> along time be&shy;

<lb/>fore he found the demon&longs;tration for which he offered the Heca&shy;

<lb/>tomb, had been certain, that the &longs;quare of the &longs;ide &longs;ubtending 

<lb/>the right angle in a rectangle triangle, was equal to the &longs;quare of 

<lb/>the other two &longs;ides: and the certainty of the conclu&longs;ion condu&shy;

<lb/>ced not a little to the inve&longs;tigating of the demon&longs;tration, un&shy;

<lb/>der&longs;tanding me alwayes to mean in demon&longs;trative Sciences. </s><s>But 

<lb/>what ever was the method of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and whether his arguing <emph type="italics"/>&agrave; 

<lb/>priori<emph.end type="italics"/> preceded &longs;en&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>&agrave; po&longs;teriori,<emph.end type="italics"/> or the contrary; it &longs;ufficeth that 

<lb/>the &longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> preferreth (as hath been oft &longs;aid) &longs;en&longs;ible ex&shy;

<lb/>periments before all di&longs;cour&longs;es; be&longs;ides, as to the Arugments <emph type="italics"/>&agrave; 

<lb/>priori<emph.end type="italics"/> their force hath been already examined. </s><s>Now returning 

<lb/>to my purpo&longs;ed matter, I &longs;ay, that the things in our times di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>covered in the Heavens, are, and have been &longs;uch, that they may 

<lb/>give ab&longs;olute &longs;atisfaction to all Philo&longs;ophers; fora&longs;much as in 

<lb/>the particular bodies, and in the univer&longs;al expan&longs;ion of Heaven, 

<lb/>there have been, and are continually, &longs;een ju&longs;t &longs;uch accidents as 

<lb/>we call generations and corruptions, being that excellent A&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tronomers have ob&longs;erved many Comets generated and di&longs;&longs;olved 

<lb/>in parts higher than the Lunar Orb, be&longs;ides the two new Stars, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg107"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Anuo<emph.end type="italics"/> 1572, and <emph type="italics"/>Anno<emph.end type="italics"/> 1604, without contradiction much higher 

<lb/>than all the Planets; and in the face of the Sun it &longs;elf, by help 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg108"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope,<emph.end type="italics"/> certain den&longs;e and ob&longs;cure &longs;ub&longs;tances, in &longs;em&shy;

<lb/>blance very like to the foggs about the Earth, are &longs;een to be 

<lb/>produced and di&longs;&longs;olved; and many of the&longs;e are &longs;o va&longs;t, that 

<lb/>they far exceed not only the Mediterranian Streight, but all 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg109"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Affrica<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;ia<emph.end type="italics"/> al&longs;o. </s><s>Now if <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> had &longs;een the&longs;e things, 

<lb/>what think you he would have &longs;aid, and done <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius?<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg105"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The certaixty of 

<lb/>the conclu&longs;ion hel&shy;

<lb/>peth by are&longs;olutive 

<lb/>method to &longs;ind the 

<lb/>demonstration.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg106"></margin.target>Pythagoras <emph type="italics"/>offered 

<lb/>an Hecatomb for 

<lb/>a Geometrical de&shy;

<lb/>mon&longs;tration which 

<lb/>he found.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg107"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>New &longs;tars di&longs;co&shy;

<lb/>vered in Heaven.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg108"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Spots generate and 

<lb/>di&longs;&longs;olve in the face 

<lb/>of the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg109"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Solar spots are 

<lb/>bigger than all<emph.end type="italics"/> A&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ia <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> Affrick.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I know not what <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> would have done or &longs;aid, 

<lb/>that was the great Ma&longs;ter of all the Sciences, but yet I know in 

<lb/>part, what his Sectators do and &longs;ay, and ought to do and &longs;ay, 

<lb/>unle&longs;&longs;e they would deprive them&longs;elves of their guide, leader, and 

<lb/>Prince in Philo&longs;ophy. </s><s>As to the Comets, are not tho&longs;e Modern 

<lb/>A&longs;tronomers, who would make them C&oelig;le&longs;tial, convinced by 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg110"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the ^{*}<emph type="italics"/>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> yea, and overcome with their own weapons, I 

<lb/>mean by way of Paralaxes and Calculations, every way tryed, 

<lb/>concluding at the la&longs;t in favour of <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle,<emph.end type="italics"/> that they are all 

<lb/>Elementary? </s><s>And this being overthrown, which was as it were 

<lb/>their foundation, have the&longs;e Novelli&longs;ts any thing more where&shy;

<lb/>with to maintain their a&longs;&longs;ertion?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg110"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomers con&shy;

<lb/>futed by<emph.end type="italics"/> Anti-Ty&shy;

<lb/>cho.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Hold a little, good <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> this modern Author, 

<lb/>what &longs;aith he to the new Stars, <emph type="italics"/>Anno<emph.end type="italics"/> 1572, and 1604, and to 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/045.jpg" pagenum="39"/>the Solar &longs;pots? </s><s>for as to the Comets, I for my own particular 

<lb/>little care to make them generated under or above the Moon; 

<lb/>nor did I ever put much &longs;tre&longs;&longs;e on the loquacity of <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/>; nor 

<lb/>am I hard to believe that their matter is Elementary, and that 

<lb/>they may elevate (&longs;ublimate) them&longs;elves at their plea&longs;ure, with&shy;

<lb/>out meeting with any ob&longs;tacle from the impenetrability of the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Heaven, which I hold to be far more thin, yielding, 

<lb/>and &longs;ubtil than our Air; and as to the calculations of the Pa&shy;

<lb/>rallaxes, fir&longs;t, the uncertainty whether Comets are &longs;ubject to 

<lb/>&longs;uch accidents, and next, the incon&longs;tancy of the ob&longs;ervations, 

<lb/>upon which the computations are made, make me equally &longs;u&longs;&shy;

<lb/>pect both tho&longs;e opinions: and the rather, for that I &longs;ee him 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg111"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>you call <emph type="italics"/>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ometimes &longs;tretch to his purpo&longs;e, or el&longs;e 

<lb/>reject tho&longs;e ob&longs;ervations which interfere with his de&longs;ign.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg111"></margin.target>Anti-Tycho <emph type="italics"/>wre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;teth A&longs;tronomical 

<lb/>ob&longs;ervations to his 

<lb/>own parpo&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>As to the new Stars, <emph type="italics"/>Anti-Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> extricates him&longs;elf 

<lb/>finely in three or four words; &longs;aying, That tho&longs;e mo&shy;

<lb/>dern new Stars are no certain parts of the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies, and 

<lb/>that the adver&longs;aries, if they will prove alteration and genera&shy;

<lb/>tion in tho&longs;e &longs;uperior bodies, mu&longs;t &longs;hew &longs;ome mutations that 

<lb/>have been made in the Stars de&longs;cribed &longs;o many ages pa&longs;t, of 

<lb/>which there is no doubt but that they be C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies, 

<lb/>which they can never be able to do: Next, as to tho&longs;e mat&shy;

<lb/>ters which &longs;ome affirm, to generate and di&longs;&longs;ipate in the face of 

<lb/>the Sun, he makes no mention thereof; wherefore I conclude, 

<lb/>that he believed them fictious, or the illu&longs;ions of the Tube, or 

<lb/>at mo&longs;t, &longs;ome petty effecs cau&longs;ed by the Air, and in brief, any 

<lb/>thing rather than matters C&oelig;le&longs;tial.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But you, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> what an&longs;wer could you give to 

<lb/>the oppo&longs;ition of the&longs;e importunate &longs;pots which are &longs;tarted up 

<lb/>to di&longs;turb the Heavens, and more than that, the <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Philo&longs;ophy? </s><s>It cannot be but that you, who are &longs;o re&longs;olute a 

<lb/>Champion of it, have found &longs;ome reply or &longs;olution for the 

<lb/>&longs;ame, of which you ought not to deprive us.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I have heard &longs;undry opinions about this particular. 

<lb/></s><s>One &longs;aith: &ldquo;They are Stars which in their proper Orbs, like as 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg112"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Mervury,<emph.end type="italics"/> revolve about the Sun, and in pa&longs;&longs;ing un&shy;

<lb/>der it, repre&longs;ent them&longs;elves to us ob&longs;cure; and for that they 

<lb/>are many, they oft happen to aggregate their parts together, 

<lb/>and afterwards &longs;eperate again. </s><s>Others believe them to be 

<lb/>aerial impre&longs;&longs;ions; others, the illu&longs;ions of the chry&longs;tals; and o&shy;

<lb/>thers, other things: But I incline to think, yea am verily per&shy;

<lb/>&longs;waded, That they are an aggregate of many &longs;everal opacous 

<lb/>bodies, as it were ca&longs;ually concurrent among them&longs;elves. </s><s>And 

<lb/>therefore we often &longs;ee, that in one of tho&longs;e &longs;pots one may 

<lb/>number ten or more &longs;uch &longs;mall bodies, which are of irregu&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/046.jpg" pagenum="40"/>lar figures, and &longs;eem to us like flakes of &longs;now, or flocks of 

<lb/>wooll, or moaths flying: they vary &longs;ite among&longs;t them&longs;elves, 

<lb/>and one while &longs;ever, another while meet, and mo&longs;t of all be&shy;

<lb/>neath the Sun, about which, as about their Centre, they con&shy;

<lb/>tinually move. </s><s>But yet, mu&longs;t we not therefore grant, that 

<lb/>they are generated or di&longs;&longs;olved, but that at &longs;ometimes they are 

<lb/>hid behind the body of the Sun, and at other times, though 

<lb/>remote from it, yet are they not &longs;een for the vicinity of the 

<lb/>immea&longs;urable light of the Sun; in regard that in the eccentrick 

<lb/>Orb of the Sun, there is con&longs;tituted, as it were, an Onion, com&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ed of many folds one within another, each of which, being 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg113"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>^{*}&longs;tudded with certain &longs;mall &longs;pots, doth move; and albeit their 

<lb/>motion at fir&longs;t &longs;eemeth incon&longs;tant and irregular, yet neverthe&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e, it is &longs;aid at la&longs;t, to be ob&longs;erved that the very &longs;ame &longs;pots, 

<lb/>as before,&rdquo; do within a determinate time return again. </s><s>This 

<lb/>&longs;eemeth to me the fitte&longs;t an&longs;wer that hath been found to a&longs;&longs;igne 

<lb/>a rea&longs;on of that &longs;ame appearance, and withal to maintain the 

<lb/>incorruptability and ingenerability of the Heavens; and if this 

<lb/>doth not &longs;uffice; there wants not more elevated wits, which will 

<lb/>give you other, more convincing.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg112"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Sundry opinions 

<lb/>touching the Solar 

<lb/>&longs;pots.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg113"></margin.target>* The Original 

<lb/>&longs;aith [<emph type="italics"/>tempe&longs;tata &longs;i 

<lb/>muove<emph.end type="italics"/>] which the 

<lb/>Latine Tran&longs;lati&shy;

<lb/>on, (Mi&longs;taking 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Tempectata,<emph.end type="italics"/> aword 

<lb/>in Heraldry, for 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Tempe&longs;tato,<emph.end type="italics"/>) ren&shy;

<lb/>dereth [<emph type="italics"/>incitata 

<lb/>movetur<emph.end type="italics"/>] which 

<lb/>&longs;ignifieth a violent 

<lb/>tran&longs;portmeut, as 

<lb/>in a &longs;torm, that of 

<lb/>a Ship.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If this of which we di&longs;pute, were &longs;ome point of Law, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg114"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>or other part of the Studies called <emph type="italics"/>Humanity,<emph.end type="italics"/> wherein there is 

<lb/>neither truth nor fal&longs;hood, if we will give &longs;ufficient credit to 

<lb/>the acutene&longs;&longs;e of the wit, readine&longs;&longs;e of an&longs;wers, and the gene&shy;

<lb/>ral practice of Writers, then he who mo&longs;t aboundeth in the&longs;e, 

<lb/>makes his rea&longs;on more probable and plau&longs;ible; but in Natural 

<lb/>Sciences, the conclu&longs;ions of which are true and nece&longs;&longs;ary, and 

<lb/>wherewith the judgment of men hath nothing to do, one is to 

<lb/>be more cautious how he goeth about to maintain any thing that 

<lb/>is fal&longs;e; for a man but of an ordinary wit, if it be his good for&shy;

<lb/>tune to be of the right &longs;ide, may lay a thou&longs;and <emph type="italics"/>Demo&longs;thenes<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>a thou&longs;and <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totles<emph.end type="italics"/> at his feet. </s><s>Therefore reject tho&longs;e hopes 

<lb/>and conceits, wherewith you flatter your &longs;elf, that there can be 

<lb/>any men &longs;o much more learned, read, and ver&longs;ed in Authors, 

<lb/>than we, that in de&longs;pite of nature, they &longs;hould be able to 

<lb/>make that become true, which is fal&longs;e. </s><s>And &longs;eeing that of all 

<lb/>the opinions that have been hitherto alledged touching the e&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ence of the&longs;e Solar &longs;pots, this in&longs;tanced in by you, is in your 

<lb/>judgment the true&longs;t, it followeth (if this be &longs;o) that all the re&longs;t 

<lb/>are fal&longs;e; and to deliver you from this al&longs;o, which doubtle&longs;&longs;e is a 

<lb/>mo&longs;t fal&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Chim&oelig;ra,<emph.end type="italics"/> over-pa&longs;&longs;ing infinite other improbabilities 

<lb/>that are therein, I &longs;hall propo&longs;e again&longs;t it onely two experiments; 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg115"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>one is, that many of tho&longs;e &longs;pots are &longs;een to ari&longs;e in the mid&longs;t of 

<lb/>the Solar ring, and many likewi&longs;e to di&longs;&longs;olve and vani&longs;h at a great 

<lb/>di&longs;tance from the circumference of the Sun; a nece&longs;&longs;ary Argu&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/047.jpg" pagenum="41"/>ment that they generate and di&longs;&longs;olve; for if without generating 

<lb/>or corrrupting, they &longs;hould appear there by onely local motion, 

<lb/>they would all be &longs;een to enter, and pa&longs;s out by the extreme cir&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg116"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>cumference. </s><s>The other ob&longs;ervation to &longs;uch as are not &longs;ituate in 

<lb/>the lowe&longs;t degree of ignorance in Per&longs;pective, by the mutation 

<lb/>of the appearing figures, and by the apparent mutations of the 

<lb/>velocity of motion is nece&longs;&longs;arily concluding, that the &longs;pots are 

<lb/>contiguous to the body of the Sun, and that touching its &longs;uperfi&shy;

<lb/>cies, they move either with it or upon it, and that they in no wi&longs;e 

<lb/>move in circles remote from the &longs;ame. </s><s>The motion proves 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg117"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>it, which towards the circumference of the Solar Circle, 

<lb/>appeareth very &longs;low, and towards the mid&longs;t, more &longs;wift; the fi&shy;

<lb/>gures of the &longs;pots confirmeth it, which towards the circumference 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg118"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>appear exceeding narrow in compari&longs;on of that which they &longs;eem 

<lb/>to be in the parts nearer the middle; and this becau&longs;e in the 

<lb/>mid&longs;t they are &longs;een in their full lu&longs;ter, and as they truly be; and 

<lb/>towards the circumference by rea&longs;on of the convexity of the glo&shy;

<lb/>bous &longs;uperficies, they &longs;eem more compre&longs;&longs;'d: And both the&longs;e 

<lb/>diminutions of figure and motion, to &longs;uch as know how to ob&longs;erve 

<lb/>and calculate them exactly, preci&longs;ely an&longs;wer to that which &longs;hould 

<lb/>appear, the &longs;pots being contiguous to the Sun, and differ irrecon&shy;

<lb/>cileably from a motion in circles remote, though but for &longs;mal 

<lb/>intervalls from the body of the Sun; as hath been diffu&longs;ely de&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg119"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>mon&longs;trated by our ^{*} Friend, in his Letters about the Solar &longs;pots, 

<lb/>to <emph type="italics"/>Marcus Vel&longs;erus.<emph.end type="italics"/> It may be gathered from the &longs;ame muta&shy;

<lb/>tion of figure, that none of them are &longs;tars, or other bodies of 

<lb/>&longs;pherical figure; for that among&longs;t all figures the &longs;phere never 

<lb/>appeareth compre&longs;&longs;ed, nor can ever be repre&longs;ented but onely per&shy;

<lb/>fectly round; and thus in ca&longs;e any particular &longs;pot were a round 

<lb/>body, as all the &longs;tars are held to be, the &longs;aid roundne&longs;s would as 

<lb/>well appear in the mid&longs;t of the Solar ring, as when the &longs;pot is near 

<lb/>the extreme: whereas, its &longs;o great compre&longs;&longs;ion, and &longs;hewing its 

<lb/>&longs;elf &longs;o &longs;mall towards the extreme, and contrariwi&longs;e, &longs;patious and 

<lb/>large towards the middle, a&longs;&longs;ureth us, that the&longs;e &longs;pots are flat 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg120"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>plates of &longs;mall thickne&longs;s or depth, in compari&longs;on of their length 

<lb/>and breadth. </s><s>La&longs;tly, whereas you &longs;ay that the &longs;pots after their 

<lb/>determinate periods are ob&longs;erved to return to their former a&longs;pect, 

<lb/>believe it not, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> for he that told you &longs;o, will deceive 

<lb/>you; and that I &longs;peak the truth, you may ob&longs;erve them to be hid 

<lb/>in the face of the Sun far from the circumference; nor hath your 

<lb/>Ob&longs;ervator told you a word of that compre&longs;&longs;ion, which nece&longs;&longs;a&shy;

<lb/>rily argueth them to be contiguous to the Sun. </s><s>That which he 

<lb/>tells you of the return of the &longs;aid &longs;pots, is nothing el&longs;e but what 

<lb/>is read in the forementioned Letters, namely, that &longs;ome of them 

<lb/>may &longs;ometimes &longs;o happen that are of &longs;o long a duration, that 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/048.jpg" pagenum="42"/>they cannot be di&longs;&longs;ipated by one &longs;ole conver&longs;ion about the Sun, 

<lb/>which is accompli&longs;hed in le&longs;s than a moneth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg114"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In natural Sci&shy;

<lb/>ences, the art of 

<lb/>Oratory is of no 

<lb/>force.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg115"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An Argument 

<lb/>that nece&longs;&longs;arily 

<lb/>proveth the Solar 

<lb/>&longs;pots to generate 

<lb/>and di&longs;&longs;olwe.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg116"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A conclu&longs;ive de&shy;

<lb/>mon&longs;tration, that 

<lb/>the &longs;pots are conti&shy;

<lb/>guous to the body 

<lb/>of the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg117"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motion of the 

<lb/>spots towards the 

<lb/>circumference of 

<lb/>the Sun appears 

<lb/>&longs;low.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg118"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The figure of the 

<lb/>spots appears nar&shy;

<lb/>row towards the 

<lb/>circumference of 

<lb/>the Suns<emph.end type="italics"/> di&longs;cus, <emph type="italics"/>&amp; 

<lb/>why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg119"></margin.target>* Under this word 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Friend,<emph.end type="italics"/> as al&longs;o that 

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Academick, &amp; 

<lb/>Common Friend, 

<lb/>Galil&oelig;us<emph.end type="italics"/> mode&longs;tly 

<lb/>conceals him&longs;elf 

<lb/>throughout the&longs;e 

<lb/>Dialogues.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg120"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Solar spots 

<lb/>are not &longs;pherical, 

<lb/>but flat like thin 

<lb/>plates.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. I, for my part, have not made either &longs;o long, or &longs;o 

<lb/>exact ob&longs;ervations, as to enable me to boa&longs;t my &longs;elf Ma&longs;ter of the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Quod ect<emph.end type="italics"/> of this matter: but I will more accurately con&longs;ider the 

<lb/>&longs;ame, and make tryal my &longs;elf for my own &longs;atisfaction, whether I 

<lb/>can reconcile that which experience &longs;hews us, with that which 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> teacheth us; for it's a certain Maxim, that two Truths 

<lb/>cannot be contrary to one another.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If you would reconcile that which &longs;en&longs;e &longs;heweth you, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg121"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>with the &longs;olider Doctrines of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> you will find no great dif&shy;

<lb/>ficulty in the undertaking; and that &longs;o it is, doth not <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>&longs;ay, that one cannot treat confidently of the things of Heaven, 

<lb/>by rea&longs;on of their great remotene&longs;s?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg121"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>One cannot<emph.end type="italics"/> (<emph type="italics"/>&longs;aith<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Ari&longs;totle) <emph type="italics"/>&longs;peak 

<lb/>confidently of Hea&shy;

<lb/>ven, by rea&longs;on of 

<lb/>its great di&longs;tance.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>He expre&longs;ly &longs;aith &longs;o.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg122"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg122"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>prefers 

<lb/>&longs;en&longs;e before ratio&shy;

<lb/>cination.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And doth he not likewi&longs;e affirm, that we ought to pre&shy;

<lb/>fer that which &longs;en&longs;e demon&longs;trates, before all Arguments, though 

<lb/>in appearance never &longs;o well grounded? </s><s>and &longs;aith he not this 

<lb/>without the lea&longs;t doubt or h&aelig;&longs;itation?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>He doth &longs;o.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Why then, the &longs;econd of the&longs;e propo&longs;itions, which are 

<lb/>both the doctrine of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> that &longs;aith, that &longs;en&longs;e is to take </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg123"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>place of Logick, is a doctrine much more &longs;olid and undoubted, 

<lb/>than that other which holdeth the Heavens to be unalterable; and 

<lb/>therefore you &longs;hall argue more <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totelically,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aying, the Hea&shy;

<lb/>vens are alterable, for that &longs;o my &longs;en&longs;e telleth me, than if you 

<lb/>&longs;hould &longs;ay, the Heavens are u alterable, for that Logick &longs;o per&longs;wa&shy;

<lb/>ded <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle.<emph.end type="italics"/> Furthermore, we may di&longs;cour&longs;e of C&oelig;le&longs;tial mat&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg124"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ters much better than <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>; becau&longs;e, he confe&longs;&longs;ing the know&shy;

<lb/>ledg thereof to be difficult to him, by rea&longs;on of their remotene&longs;s 

<lb/>from the &longs;en&longs;es, he thereby acknowledgeth, that one to whom 

<lb/>the &longs;en&longs;es can better repre&longs;ent the &longs;ame, may philo&longs;ophate upon 

<lb/>them with more certainty. </s><s>Now we by help of the Tele&longs;cope, 

<lb/>are brought thirty or forty times nearer to the Heavens, than ever 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> came; &longs;o that we may di&longs;cover in them an hundred 

<lb/>things, which he could not &longs;ee, and among&longs;t the re&longs;t, the&longs;e &longs;pots 

<lb/>in the Sun, which were to him ab&longs;olutely invi&longs;ible; therefore 

<lb/>we may di&longs;cour&longs;e of the Heavens and Sun, with more certainty 

<lb/>than <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;tolte.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg123"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Its a doctrine more 

<lb/>agreeing with<emph.end type="italics"/> A&shy;

<lb/>ri&longs;totle, <emph type="italics"/>to &longs;ay the 

<lb/>Heavens are alter&shy;

<lb/>able, than that 

<lb/>which affirms 

<lb/>them inalterable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg124"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>We may by help of 

<lb/>the<emph.end type="italics"/> Tele&longs;cope <emph type="italics"/>di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cour&longs;e better of c&oelig;&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;tial matters, 

<lb/>than<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;tot. <emph type="italics"/>him&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elf.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I &longs;ee into the heart of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> and know that he is 

<lb/>much moved at the &longs;trength of the&longs;e &longs;o convincing Arguments; 

<lb/>but on the other &longs;ide, when he con&longs;idereth the great authority 

<lb/>which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hath won with all men, and remembreth the great 

<lb/>number of famous Interpreters, which have made it their bu&longs;ine&longs;s 

<lb/>to explain his &longs;en&longs;e; and &longs;eeth other Sciences, &longs;o nece&longs;&longs;ary and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/049.jpg" pagenum="43"/>profitable to the publick, to build a great part of their e&longs;teem 

<lb/>and reputation on the credit of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> he is much puzzled and 

<lb/>perplexed: and methinks I hear him &longs;ay, To whom then &longs;hould 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg125"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>we repair for the deci&longs;ion of our controver&longs;ies, if <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> were 

<lb/>removed from the chair? </s><s>What other Author &longs;hould we follow 

<lb/>in the Schools, Academies and Studies? </s><s>What Philo&longs;opher hath 

<lb/>writ all the parts of Natural Philo&longs;ophy, and that &longs;o methodically 

<lb/>without omitting &longs;o much as one &longs;ingle conclu&longs;ion? </s><s>Shall we then 

<lb/>overthrow that Fabrick under which &longs;o many pa&longs;&longs;engers find 

<lb/>&longs;helter? </s><s>Shall we de&longs;troy that <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;ylum,<emph.end type="italics"/> that <emph type="italics"/>Prytaneum,<emph.end type="italics"/> where&shy;

<lb/>in &longs;o many Students meet with commodious harbour, where 

<lb/>without expo&longs;ing them&longs;elves to the injuries of the air, with the 

<lb/>onely turning over of a few leaves, one may learn all the &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>crets of Nature? </s><s>Shall we di&longs;mantle that fort in which we are 

<lb/>&longs;afe from all ho&longs;tile a&longs;&longs;aults? </s><s>But I pitie him no more than I do 

<lb/>that Gentleman who with great expence of time and trea&longs;ure, 

<lb/>and the help of many hundred arti&longs;ts, erects a very &longs;umptu&shy;

<lb/>ous Pallace, and afterwards beholds it ready to fall, by rea&longs;on 

<lb/>of the bad foundation; but being extremely unwilling to &longs;ee 

<lb/>the Walls &longs;tript which are adorned with &longs;o many beautifull 

<lb/>Pictures; or to &longs;uffer the columns to fall, that uphold the &longs;tate&shy;

<lb/>ly Galleries; or the gilded roofs, chimney-pieces, the freizes, 

<lb/>the corni&longs;hes of marble, with &longs;o much co&longs;t erected, to be rui&shy;

<lb/>ned; goeth about with girders, props, &longs;hoars, buttera&longs;&longs;es, to pre&shy;

<lb/>vent their &longs;ubver&longs;ion.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg125"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Declamation 

<lb/>of<emph.end type="italics"/> Simplicius.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But ala&longs;s, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> as yet fears no &longs;uch fall, and 

<lb/>I would undertake to &longs;ecure him from that mi&longs;chief at a far 

<lb/>le&longs;s charge. </s><s>There is no danger that &longs;o great a multitude of 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg126"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;ubtle and wi&longs;e Philo&longs;ophers, &longs;hould &longs;uffer them&longs;elves to be 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Hector'd<emph.end type="italics"/> by one or two, who make a little blu&longs;tering; nay, 

<lb/>they will rather, without ever turning the points of their pens 

<lb/>again&longs;t them, by their &longs;ilence onely render them the object of 

<lb/>univer&longs;al &longs;corn and contempt. </s><s>It is a fond conceit for any one 

<lb/>to think to introduce new Philo&longs;ophy, by reproving this or that 

<lb/>Author: it will be fir&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;ary to new-mold the brains of 

<lb/>men, and make them apt to di&longs;tingui&longs;h truth from fal&longs;hood. </s><s>A 

<lb/>thing which onely God can do. </s><s>But from one di&longs;cour&longs;e to another 

<lb/>whither are we &longs;tray'd? </s><s>your memory mu&longs;t help to guide me into 

<lb/>the way again.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg126"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick Phi&shy;

<lb/>lo&longs;ophy unchange&shy;

<lb/>able.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I remember very well where we left. </s><s>We were 

<lb/>upon the an&longs;wer of <emph type="italics"/>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> to the objections again&longs;t the 

<lb/>immutability of the Heavens, among which you in&longs;erted this 

<lb/>of the Solar fpots, not &longs;poke of by him; and I believe you 

<lb/>intended to examine his an&longs;wer to the in&longs;tance of the New 

<lb/>Stars.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/050.jpg" pagenum="44"/><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now I remember the re&longs;t, and to proceed, Methinks 

<lb/>there are &longs;ome things in the an&longs;wer of <emph type="italics"/>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> worthy of 

<lb/>reprehen&longs;ion. </s><s>And fir&longs;t, if the two New Stars, which he can do 

<lb/>no le&longs;s than place in the uppermo&longs;t parts of the Heavens, and 

<lb/>which were of a long duration, but finally vani&longs;hed, give him no 

<lb/>ob&longs;truction in maintaining the inalterability of Heaven, in that 

<lb/>they were not certain parts thereof, nor mutations made in the 

<lb/>antient Stars, why doth he &longs;et him&longs;elf &longs;o vigorou&longs;ly and earne&longs;tly 

<lb/>again&longs;t the Comets, to bani&longs;h them by all ways from the C&oelig;le&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tial Regions? </s><s>Was it not enough that he could &longs;ay of them 

<lb/>the &longs;ame which he &longs;poke of the New &longs;tars? </s><s>to wit, that in re&shy;

<lb/>gard they were no certain parts of Heaven, nor mutations made 

<lb/>in any of the Stars, they could no wi&longs;e prejudice either Heaven, 

<lb/>or the Doctrine of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s><s>Secondly, I am not very well &longs;atis&shy;

<lb/>fied of his meaning; when he &longs;aith that the alterations that &longs;hould 

<lb/>be granted to be made in the Stars, would be de&longs;tructive to the 

<lb/>prerogative of Heaven; namely, its incorruptibility, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>this, becau&longs;e the Stars are C&oelig;le&longs;tial &longs;ub&longs;tances, as is manife&longs;t 

<lb/>by the con&longs;ent of every one; and yet is nothing troubled that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg127"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the &longs;ame alterations &longs;hould be made ^{*} without the Stars in the re&longs;t 

<lb/>of the C&oelig;le&longs;tial expan&longs;ion. </s><s>Doth he think that Heaven is no 

<lb/>C&oelig;le&longs;tial &longs;ub&longs;tance? </s><s>I, for my part, did believe that the Stars 

<lb/>were called C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies, by rea&longs;on that they were in Hea&shy;

<lb/>ven, or for that they were made of the &longs;ub&longs;tance of Heaven; 

<lb/>and yet I thought that Heaven was more C&oelig;le&longs;tial than they; in 

<lb/>like &longs;ort, as nothing can be &longs;aid to be more Terre&longs;trial, or more 

<lb/>fiery than the Earth or Fire them&longs;elves. </s><s>And again, in that he ne&shy;

<lb/>ver made any mention of the Solar &longs;pots, which have been evi&shy;

<lb/>dently demon&longs;trated to be produced, and di&longs;&longs;olved, and to be 

<lb/>neer the Sun, and to turn either with, or about the &longs;ame, I have 

<lb/>rea&longs;on to think that this Author probably did write more for others 

<lb/>plea&longs;ure, than for his own &longs;atisfaction; and this I affirm, fora&longs;&shy;

<lb/>much as he having &longs;hewn him&longs;elf to be skilful in the Mathema&shy;

<lb/>ticks, it is impo&longs;&longs;ible but that he &longs;hould have been convinced by 

<lb/>Demon&longs;trations, that tho&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tances are of nece&longs;&longs;ity contigu&shy;

<lb/>ous with the body of the Sun, and are &longs;o great generations and 

<lb/>corruptions, that none comparable to them, ever happen in the 

<lb/>Earth: And if &longs;uch, &longs;o many, and &longs;o frequent be made in the 

<lb/>very Globe of the Sun, which may with rea&longs;on be held one of the 

<lb/>noble&longs;t parts of Heaven, what &longs;hould make us think that others 

<lb/>may not happen in the other Orbs?

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg128"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg127"></margin.target>* Ex tra Stellas.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg128"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Generability and 

<lb/>alteration is a 

<lb/>greater perfection 

<lb/>in the Worlds bo&shy;

<lb/>dies than the con&shy;

<lb/>trary qualities.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I cannot without great admiration, nay more, deni&shy;

<lb/>al of my under&longs;tanding, hear it to be attributed to natural bodies, 

<lb/>for a great honour and perfection that they are ^{*} impa&longs;&longs;ible, im&shy;

<lb/>mutable, inalterable, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> And on the contrary, to hear it to </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg129"></arrow.to.target>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/051.jpg" pagenum="45"/>be e&longs;teemed a great imperfection to be alterable, generable, mu&shy;

<lb/>table, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> It is my opinion that the Earth is very noble and ad&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg130"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>mirable, by rea&longs;on of &longs;o many and &longs;o different alterations, mu&shy;

<lb/>tations, generations, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> which are ince&longs;&longs;antly made therein; 

<lb/>and if without being &longs;ubject to any alteration, it had been all 

<lb/>one va&longs;t heap of &longs;and, or a ma&longs;&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Ja&longs;per,<emph.end type="italics"/> or that in the time 

<lb/>of the Deluge, the waters freezing which covered it, it had 

<lb/>continued an immen&longs;e Globe of Chri&longs;tal, wherein nothing had 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg131"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ever grown, altered, or changed, I &longs;hould have e&longs;teemed it a 

<lb/>lump of no benefit to the World, full of idlene&longs;&longs;e, and in a 

<lb/>word &longs;uperfluous, and as if it had never been in nature; and 

<lb/>&longs;hould make the &longs;ame difference in it, as between a living and 

<lb/>dead creature: The like I &longs;ay of the <emph type="italics"/>Moon, Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> and all the 

<lb/>other Globes of the World. </s><s>But the more I dive into the con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ideration of the vanity of popular di&longs;cour&longs;es, the more empty 

<lb/>and &longs;imple I find them. </s><s>And what greater folly can there be 

<lb/>imagined, than to call Jems, Silver and Gold pretious; and Earth 

<lb/>and dirt vile? </s><s>For do not the&longs;e per&longs;ons con&longs;ider, that if there 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg132"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;hould be as great a &longs;carcity of Earth, as there is of Jewels and 

<lb/>pretious metals, there would be no Prince, but would gladly give 

<lb/>a heap of Diamonds and Rubies, and many Wedges of Gold, 

<lb/>to purcha&longs;e onely &longs;o much Earth as &longs;hould &longs;uffice to plant a Ge&longs;&longs;e&shy;

<lb/>mine in a little pot, or to &longs;et therein a <emph type="italics"/>China Orange,<emph.end type="italics"/> that he might 

<lb/>&longs;ee it &longs;prout, grow up, and bring forth &longs;o goodly leaves, &longs;o odi&shy;

<lb/>riferous flowers, and &longs;o delicate fruit? </s><s>It is therefore &longs;carcity and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg133"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>plenty that make things e&longs;teemed and contemned by the vulgar; 

<lb/>who will &longs;ay that &longs;ame is a mo&longs;t beautiful Diamond, for that it 

<lb/>re&longs;embleth a cleer water, and yet will not part with it for ten 

<lb/>Tun of water: The&longs;e men that &longs;o extol incorruptibility, inalte&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg134"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>rability, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;peak thus I believe out of the great de&longs;ire they 

<lb/>have to live long, and for fear of death; not confidering, that 

<lb/>if men had been immortal, they &longs;hould have had nothing to do 

<lb/>in the World. </s><s>The&longs;e de&longs;erve to meet with a <emph type="italics"/>Medu&longs;a<emph.end type="italics"/>'s head, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg135"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that would transform them into Statues of <emph type="italics"/>Dimond<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ja&longs;per,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>that &longs;o they might become more perfect than they are.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg129"></margin.target>* Impatible.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg130"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earth very 

<lb/>noble, by rea&longs;on of 

<lb/>the many mutati&shy;

<lb/>ons made therein.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg131"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The carth unpro&shy;

<lb/>&longs;itable and full of 

<lb/>idlene&longs;&longs;e, its alte&shy;

<lb/>rations taken away<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg132"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earth more 

<lb/>noble than Gold 

<lb/>and Jewels.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg133"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Scarcity and plen&shy;

<lb/>ty enhan&longs;e and de&shy;

<lb/>ba&longs;e the price of 

<lb/>things.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg134"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Incorruptibility e&shy;

<lb/>&longs;teemed by the vul&shy;

<lb/>gar out of their 

<lb/>fear of death.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg135"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The di&longs;paragers of 

<lb/>corraptibility de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erve to be turned 

<lb/>into Statua's.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And it may be &longs;uch a <emph type="italics"/>Metamorpho&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/> would not be al&shy;

<lb/>together unprofitable to them; for I am of opinion that it is bet&shy;

<lb/>ter not to di&longs;cour&longs;e at all, than to argue erroniou&longs;ly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>There is not the lea&longs;t que&longs;tion to be made, but that 

<lb/>the Earth is much more perfect, being as it is alterable, mutable, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> than if it had been a ma&longs;&longs;e of &longs;tone; yea although it were 

<lb/>one entire Diamond, mo&longs;t hard and impa&longs;&longs;ile. </s><s>But look how mueh 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg136"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the&longs;e qualifications enoble the Earth, they render the Heavenly 

<lb/>bodies again on the other &longs;ide &longs;o much the more imperfect, in 

<lb/>which, &longs;uch conditions would be &longs;uperfluous; in regard that the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/052.jpg" pagenum="46"/>C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies, namely, the Sun, Moon, and the other Stars, 

<lb/>which are ordained for no other u&longs;e but to &longs;erve the Earth, need 

<lb/>no other qualities for attaining of that end, &longs;ave onely tho&longs;e of 

<lb/>light and motion.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg136"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The C&oelig;le&longs;tial bo&shy;

<lb/>dies de&longs;igned to 

<lb/>&longs;erve the Earth, 

<lb/>need no more but 

<lb/>motion and light.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. How? </s><s>Will you affirm that nature hath produced and 

<lb/>de&longs;igned &longs;o many va&longs;t perfect and noble C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies, impa&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ible, immortal, and divine, to no other u&longs;e but to &longs;erve the pa&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ible, frail, and mortal Earth? </s><s>to &longs;erve that which you call the 

<lb/>dro&longs;&longs;e of the World, and &longs;ink of all uncleanne&longs;&longs;e? </s><s>To what 

<lb/>purpo&longs;e were the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies made immortal, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> to &longs;erve a 

<lb/>frail, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> Take away this &longs;ub&longs;erviency to the Earth, and the in&shy;

<lb/>numerable multitude of C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies become wholly unu&longs;e&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg137"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ful, and &longs;uperfluous, &longs;ince they neither have nor can have any 

<lb/>mutual operation betwixt them&longs;elves; becau&longs;e they are all unal&shy;

<lb/>terable, immutable, impa&longs;&longs;ible: For if, for Example, the Moon 

<lb/>be impa&longs;&longs;ible, what influence can the Sun or any other Star have 

<lb/>upon her? </s><s>it would doubtle&longs;&longs;e have far le&longs;&longs;e effect upon her, than 

<lb/>that of one who would with his looks or imagination, lignifie a 

<lb/>piece of Gold. </s><s>Moreover, it &longs;eemeth to me, that whil&longs;t the C&oelig;&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;tial bodies concurre to the generation and alteration of the 

<lb/>Earth, they them&longs;elves are al&longs;o of nece&longs;&longs;ity alterable; for other&shy;

<lb/>wi&longs;e I cannot under&longs;tand how the application of the Sun or Moon 

<lb/>to the Earth, to effect production, &longs;hould be any other than to lay 

<lb/>a marble Statue by a Womans &longs;ide, and from that conjunction to 

<lb/>expect children.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg138"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg137"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Celestial bodies 

<lb/>want an inter&shy;

<lb/>changeable opera&shy;

<lb/>tion upon each o&shy;

<lb/>ther.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg138"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Alterability, &amp;c. 

<lb/></s><s>are not in the whole 

<lb/>Terre&longs;trial Globe, 

<lb/>but in &longs;ome of its 

<lb/>parts.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. Corruptibility, alteration, mutation, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> are not in 

<lb/>the whole Terre&longs;trial Globe, which as to its whole, is no le&longs;&longs;e eter&shy;

<lb/>nal than the Sun or Moon, but it is generable and corruptible as to 

<lb/>its external parts; but yet it is al&longs;o true that likewi&longs;e in them ge&shy;

<lb/>neration and corruption are perpetual, and as &longs;uch require the 

<lb/>heavenly eternal operations; and therefore it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that 

<lb/>the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies be eternal.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>All this is right; but if the corruptibility of the &longs;uper&shy;

<lb/>ficial parts of the Earth be nowi&longs;e prejudicial to the eternity of 

<lb/>its whole Globe, yea, if their being generable, corruptible, alter&shy;

<lb/>able, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> gain them great ornament and perfection; why can&shy;</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg139"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>not, and ought not you to admit alteration, generation, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> like&shy;

<lb/>wi&longs;e in the external parts of the C&oelig;le&longs;tial Globes, adding to 

<lb/>them ornament, without taking from them perfection, or berea&shy;

<lb/>ving them of action; yea rather encrea&longs;ing their effects, by grant&shy;

<lb/>ing not onely that they all operate on the Earth, but that they mu&shy;

<lb/>tually operate upon each other, and the Earth al&longs;o upon them 

<lb/>all?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg139"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies 

<lb/>alterable in their 

<lb/>outward parts.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This cannot be, becau&longs;e the generations, mutations, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> which we &longs;hould &longs;uppo&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> in the Moon; would be vain 

<lb/>and u&longs;ele&longs;&longs;e, <emph type="italics"/>&amp; natura nihil fru&longs;tra facit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/053.jpg" pagenum="47"/><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And why &longs;hould they be vain and u&longs;ele&longs;&longs;e?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Becau&longs;e we cleerly &longs;ee, and feel with our hands, that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg140"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>all generations, corruptions, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> made in the Earth, are all ei&shy;

<lb/>ther mediately or immediately directed to the u&longs;e, convenience, 

<lb/>and benefit of man; for the u&longs;e of man are hor&longs;es brought forth, 

<lb/>for the feeding of hor&longs;es, the Earth produceth gra&longs;&longs;e, and the 

<lb/>Clouds water it; for the u&longs;e and nouri&longs;hment of man, herbs, corn, 

<lb/>fruits, bea&longs;ts, birds, fi&longs;hes, are brought forth; and in &longs;um, if 

<lb/>we &longs;hould one by one dilligently examine and re&longs;olve all the&longs;e 

<lb/>things, we &longs;hould find the end to which they are all directed, to be 

<lb/>the nece&longs;&longs;ity, u&longs;e, convenience, and delight of man. </s><s>Now of what 

<lb/>u&longs;e could the generations which we &longs;uppo&longs;e to be made in the 

<lb/>Moon or other Planets, ever be to mankind? </s><s>unle&longs;&longs;e you &longs;hould 

<lb/>&longs;ay that there were al&longs;o men in the Moon, that might enjoy the 

<lb/>benefit thereof; a conceit either fabulous or impious.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg140"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The generations &amp; 

<lb/>mutations happen&shy;

<lb/>ing in the Earth, 

<lb/>are all for the good 

<lb/>of Man.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>That in the Moon or other Planets, there are genera&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg141"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ted either herbs, or plants, or animals, like to ours, or that there 

<lb/>are rains, winds, or thunders there, as about the Earth, I nei&shy;

<lb/>ther know, nor believe, and much le&longs;&longs;e, that it is inhabited by 

<lb/>men: but yet I under&longs;tand not, becau&longs;e there are not genera&shy;

<lb/>ted things like to ours, that therefore it nece&longs;&longs;arily followeth, 

<lb/>that no alteration is wrought therein, or that there may not be 

<lb/>other things that change, generate, and di&longs;&longs;olve, which are not 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg142"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>onely different from ours, but exceedingly beyond our imagina&shy;

<lb/>tion, and in a word, not to be thought of by us. </s><s>And if, as I 

<lb/>am certain, that one born and brought up in a &longs;patious Forre&longs;t, 

<lb/>among&longs;t bea&longs;ts and birds, and that hath no knowledg at all of the 

<lb/>Element of Water, could never come to imagine another World 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg143"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>to be in Nature, different from the Eatth, full of living crea&shy;

<lb/>tures, which without legs or wings &longs;wiftly move, and not upon 

<lb/>the &longs;urface onely, as bea&longs;ts do upon the Earth, but in the very 

<lb/>bowels thereof; and not onely move, but al&longs;o &longs;tay them&longs;elves 

<lb/>and cea&longs;e to move at their plea&longs;ure, which birds cannot do in the 

<lb/>air; and that moreover men live therein, and build Palaces and 

<lb/>Cities, and have &longs;o great convenience in travailing, that without 

<lb/>the lea&longs;t trouble, they can go with their Family, Hou&longs;e, and 

<lb/>whole Cities, to places far remote, like as I &longs;ay, I am certain, 

<lb/>&longs;uch a per&longs;on, though of never &longs;o piercing an imagination, could 

<lb/>never fancy to him&longs;elf Fi&longs;hes, the Ocean, Ships, Fleets, <emph type="italics"/>Arma&shy;

<lb/>do's<emph.end type="italics"/> at Sea; thus, and much more ea&longs;ily, may it happn, that in 

<lb/>the Moon, remote from us by &longs;o great a &longs;pace, and of a &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance perchance very different from the Earth, there may be mat&shy;

<lb/>ters, and operations, not only wide off, but altogether beyond 

<lb/>all our imaginations, as being &longs;uch as have no re&longs;emblance to 

<lb/>ours, and therefore wholly inexcogitable, in regard, that what we 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/054.jpg" pagenum="48"/>imagine to our &longs;elves, mu&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arily be either a thing already 

<lb/>&longs;een, or a compo&longs;ition of things, or parts of things &longs;een at ano&shy;

<lb/>ther time; for &longs;uch are the <emph type="italics"/>Sphinxes, Sirenes, Chim&oelig;ra's, Cen&shy;

<lb/>taurs,<emph.end type="italics"/> &amp;c.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg141"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moon hath 

<lb/>no generatings of 

<lb/>things, like as we 

<lb/>have, nor is it in&shy;

<lb/>habited by men.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg142"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In the Moon may 

<lb/>be a generation of 

<lb/>things different 

<lb/>from ours.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg143"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>He that had not 

<lb/>heard of the Ele&shy;

<lb/>ment of Water, 

<lb/>could never fancy 

<lb/>to him&longs;elf Ships 

<lb/>and Fi&longs;hes.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have very often let my fancy ruminate upon the&longs;e &longs;pe&shy;

<lb/>culations, and in the end, have thought that I had found &longs;ome 

<lb/>things that neither are nor can be in the Moon; but yet I 

<lb/>have not found therein any of tho&longs;e which I believe are, and may 

<lb/>be there, &longs;ave onely in a very general acceptation, namely, things 

<lb/>that adorn it by operating, moving and living; and perhaps in a way 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg144"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>very different from ours; beholding and admiring the greatne&longs;s and 

<lb/>beauty of the World, and of its Maker and Ruler, and with 

<lb/>continual <emph type="italics"/>Encomiums<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;inging his pray&longs;es; and in &longs;umme (which is 

<lb/>that which I intend) doing what &longs;acred Writers &longs;o frequently af&shy;

<lb/>firm, to wit, all the creatures making it their perpetual imploy&shy;

<lb/>ment to laud God.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg144"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>There may be &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tances in the 

<lb/>Moon very diffe&shy;

<lb/>rent from ours.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The&longs;e are the things, which &longs;peaking in general terms, 

<lb/>may be there; but I would gladly hear you in&longs;tance in &longs;uch as you 

<lb/>believe neither are nor can be there; which perchance may be 

<lb/>more particularly named.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Take notice <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/> that this will be the third time 

<lb/>that we have unawares by running from one thing to another, lo&longs;t 

<lb/>our principal &longs;ubject; and if we continue the&longs;e digre&longs;&longs;ions, it 

<lb/>will be longere we come to a conclu&longs;ion of our di&longs;cour&longs;e; there&shy;

<lb/>fore I &longs;hould judg it better to remit this, as al&longs;o &longs;uch other points, 

<lb/>to be decided on a particular occa&longs;ion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Since we are now got into the Moon, if you plea&longs;e, let 

<lb/>us di&longs;patch &longs;uch things as concern her, that &longs;o we be not forced to 

<lb/>&longs;uch another tedious journey.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It &longs;hall be as you would have it. </s><s>And to begin with 

<lb/>things more general, I believe that the Lunar Globe is far diffe&shy;

<lb/>rent from the Terre&longs;trial, though in &longs;ome things they agree. </s><s>I will 

<lb/>recount fir&longs;t their re&longs;emblances, and next their differences. </s><s>The 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg145"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Moon is manife&longs;tly like to the Earth in figure, which undoubtedly 

<lb/>is &longs;pherical, as may be nece&longs;&longs;arily concluded from the a&longs;pect of its 

<lb/>&longs;urface, which is perfectly Orbicular, and the manner of its re&shy;

<lb/>ceiving the light of the Sun, from which, if its &longs;urface were flat, 

<lb/>it would come to be all in one and the &longs;ame time illuminated, and 

<lb/>likewi&longs;e again in another in&longs;tant of time ob&longs;cured, and not tho&longs;e 

<lb/>parts fir&longs;t, which are &longs;ituate towards the Sun, and the re&longs;t &longs;ucce&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ively, &longs;o that in its oppo&longs;ition, and not till then, its whole 

<lb/>apparent circumference is enlightned; which would happen quite 

<lb/>contrary, if the vi&longs;ible &longs;urface were concave; namely, the illu&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg146"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>mination would begin from the parts oppo&longs;ite or aver&longs;e to the Sun. 

<lb/></s><s>Secondly &longs;he is as the Earth, in her &longs;elf ob&longs;cure and opacous, by 

<lb/>which opacity it is enabled to receive, and reflect the light of the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/055.jpg" pagenum="49"/>Sun; which were it not &longs;o, it could not do. </s><s>Thirdly, I hold its 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg147"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>matter to be mo&longs;t den&longs;e and &longs;olid as the Earth is, which I clearly 

<lb/>argue from the unevenne&longs;s of its &longs;uperficies in mo&longs;t places, by means 

<lb/>of the many eminencies and cavities di&longs;covered therein by help of 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ele&longs;cope<emph.end type="italics"/>: of which eminencies there are many all over it, di&shy;

<lb/>rectly re&longs;embling our mo&longs;t &longs;harp and craggy mountains, of which 

<lb/>you &longs;hall there perceive &longs;ome extend and run in ledges of an hun&shy;

<lb/>dred miles long; others are contracted into rounder forms; and 

<lb/>there are al&longs;o many craggy, &longs;olitary, &longs;teep and cliffy rocks. </s><s>But 

<lb/>that of which there are frequente&longs;t appearances, are certain Banks 

<lb/>(I u&longs;e this word, becau&longs;e I cannot thing of another that better ex&shy;

<lb/>pre&longs;&longs;eth them) pretty high rai&longs;ed, which environ and inclo&longs;e fields 

<lb/>of &longs;everal bigne&longs;&longs;es, and form &longs;undry figures, but for the mo&longs;t part 

<lb/>circular; many of which have in the mid&longs;t a mount rai&longs;ed pretty 

<lb/>high, and &longs;ome few are repleni&longs;hed with a matter &longs;omewhat ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cure, to wit, like to the great &longs;pots di&longs;cerned by the bare eye, and 

<lb/>the&longs;e are of the greate&longs;t magnitude; the number moreover of tho&longs;e 

<lb/>that are le&longs;&longs;er and le&longs;&longs;er is very great, and yet almo&longs;t all circular. 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg148"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Fourthly, like as the &longs;urface of our Globe is di&longs;tingui&longs;hed into two 

<lb/>principal parts, namely, into the Terre&longs;trial and Aquatick: &longs;o in 

<lb/>the Lunar &longs;urface we di&longs;cern a great di&longs;tinction of &longs;ome great fields 

<lb/>more re&longs;plendant, and &longs;ome le&longs;s: who&longs;e a&longs;pect makes me believe, 

<lb/>that that of the Earth would &longs;eem very like it, beheld by any one 

<lb/>from the Moon, or any other the like di&longs;tance, to be illuminated 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg149"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>by the Sun: and the &longs;urface of the &longs;ea would appear more ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cure, and that of the Earth more bright. </s><s>Fifthly, like as we from 

<lb/>the Earth behold the Moon, one while all illuminated, another 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg150"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>while half; &longs;ometimes more, &longs;ometimes le&longs;s; &longs;ometimes horned, 

<lb/>&longs;ometimes wholly invi&longs;ibly; namely, when its ju&longs;t under the Sun 

<lb/>beams; &longs;o that the parts which look towards the Earth are dark: 

<lb/>Thus in every re&longs;pect, one &longs;tanding in the Moon would &longs;ee the 

<lb/>illumination of the Earths &longs;urface by the Sun, with the &longs;ame 

<lb/>periods to an hair, and under the &longs;ame changes of figures. 

<lb/></s><s>Sixtly, -----</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg145"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> Fir&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>re&longs;em&shy;

<lb/>blance between the 

<lb/>Moon and Earth; 

<lb/>which is that of 

<lb/>figure; is proved by 

<lb/>the manner of be&shy;

<lb/>ing illuminated by 

<lb/>the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg146"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> Second <emph type="italics"/>con&shy;

<lb/>formity is the 

<lb/>Moons being opa&shy;

<lb/>cous as the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg147"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Thirdly, The mat&shy;

<lb/>ter of the Moon is 

<lb/>den&longs;e and mo ita&shy;

<lb/>nous as the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg148"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Fourthly, The 

<lb/>Moon is di&longs;tin&shy;

<lb/>gui&longs;hed into two 

<lb/>different parts for 

<lb/>clarity and ob&longs;cu&shy;

<lb/>rity, as the Terre&shy;

<lb/>strial Globe into 

<lb/>Sea and Land.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg149"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;urface of the 

<lb/>Sea would &longs;hew at 

<lb/>a di&longs;tance more ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;oure than that of 

<lb/>the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg150"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Fiftly, Muta&shy;

<lb/>tion of &longs;igures in 

<lb/>the Earth, like to 

<lb/>tho&longs;e of the Moon, 

<lb/>and made with the 

<lb/>&longs;ame periods.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Stay a little, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/>; That the illumination of 

<lb/>the Earth, as to the &longs;everal figures, would repre&longs;ent it &longs;elf to a per&longs;on 

<lb/>placed in the Moon, like in all things to that which we di&longs;cover in 

<lb/>the Moon, I under&longs;tand very well, but yet I cannot conceive how 

<lb/>it &longs;hall appear to be done in the &longs;ame period; &longs;eeing that that 

<lb/>which the Suns illumination doth in the Lunar &longs;uperficies in a 

<lb/>month, it doth in the Terre&longs;trial in twenty four hours.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Its true, the effect of the Sun about the illuminating 

<lb/>the&longs;e two bodies, and repleni&longs;hing with its &longs;plendor their whole 

<lb/>&longs;urfaces, is di&longs;patch'd in the Earth in a Natural day, and in the 

<lb/>Moon in a Month; but the variation of the figures in which the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/056.jpg" pagenum="50"/>illuminated parts of the Terre&longs;trial &longs;uperficies appear beheld from 

<lb/>the Moon, depends not on this alone, but on the divers a&longs;pects 

<lb/>which the Moon is &longs;till changing with the Sun; &longs;o that, if for in&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance, the Moon punctually followed the motion of the Sun, and 

<lb/>&longs;tood, for example, always in a direct line between it and the 

<lb/>Earth, in that a&longs;pect which we call Conjunction, it looking always 

<lb/>to the &longs;ame Hemi&longs;phere of the Earth which the Sun looks unto, 

<lb/>&longs;he would behold the &longs;ame all light: as on the contrary, if it &longs;hould 

<lb/>always &longs;tay in Oppo&longs;ition to the Sun, it would never behold the 

<lb/>Earth, of which the dark part would be continually turn'd towards 

<lb/>the Moon, and therefore invi&longs;ible. </s><s>But when the Moon is in 

<lb/>Quadrature of the Sun, that half of the Terre&longs;trial Hemi&longs;phere ex&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ed to the &longs;ight of the Moon which is towards the Sun, is lumi&shy;

<lb/>nous; and the other towards the contrary is ob&longs;cure: and there&shy;

<lb/>fore the illuminated part of the Earth would repre&longs;ent it &longs;elf to the 

<lb/>Moon in a &longs;emi-circular figure.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I clearly perceive all this, and under&longs;tand very well, 

<lb/>that the Moon departing from its Oppo&longs;ition to the Sun, where it 

<lb/>&longs;aw no part of the illumination of the Terre&longs;trial &longs;uperficies, and 

<lb/>approaching day by day nearer the Sun, &longs;he begins by little and 

<lb/>little to di&longs;cover &longs;ome part of the face of the illuminated Earth; 

<lb/>and that which appeareth of it &longs;hall re&longs;emble a thin &longs;ickle, in regard 

<lb/>the figure of the Earth is round: and the Moon thus acquiring by 

<lb/>its motion day by day greater proximity to the Sun, &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively 

<lb/>di&longs;covers more and more of the Terre&longs;trial Hemi&longs;phere enlightned, 

<lb/>&longs;o that at the Quadrature there is ju&longs;t half of it vi&longs;ible, in&longs;omuch 

<lb/>that we may &longs;ee the other part of her: continuing next to proceed 

<lb/>towards the Conjunction, it &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively di&longs;covers more and more 

<lb/>of its &longs;urface to be illuminated, and in fine, at the time of Conjun&shy;

<lb/>ction &longs;eeth the whole Hemi&longs;phere enlightned. </s><s>And in &longs;hort, I 

<lb/>very well conceive, that what befalls the Inhabitants of the Earth, 

<lb/>in beholding the changes of the Moon, would happen to him that 

<lb/>from the Moon &longs;hould ob&longs;erve the Earth; but in a contrary order, 

<lb/>namely, that when the Moon is to us at her full, and in Oppo&longs;ition 

<lb/>to the Sun, then the Earth would be in Conjunction with the Sun, 

<lb/>and wholly ob&longs;cure and invi&longs;ible; on the contrary, that po&longs;ition 

<lb/>which is to us a Conjunction of the Moon with the Sun, and for 

<lb/>that cau&longs;e a <emph type="italics"/>M<emph.end type="italics"/>oon &longs;ilent and un&longs;een, would be there an Oppo&longs;ition 

<lb/>of the Earth to the Sun, and, to &longs;o &longs;peak, <emph type="italics"/>Full Earth,<emph.end type="italics"/> to wit, all 

<lb/>enlightned. </s><s>And la&longs;tly, look what part of the Lunar &longs;urface ap&shy;

<lb/>pears to us from time to time illuminated, &longs;o much of the Earth 

<lb/>in the &longs;ame time &longs;hall you behold from the Moon to be ob&longs;cured: 

<lb/>and look how much of the Moon is to us deprived of light, &longs;o much 

<lb/>of the Earth is to the Moon illuminated. </s><s>In one thing yet the&longs;e 

<lb/>mutual operations in my judgment &longs;eem to differ, and it is, that it 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/057.jpg" pagenum="51"/>being &longs;uppo&longs;ed, and not granted, that &longs;ome one being placed in the 

<lb/>Moon to ob&longs;erve the Earth, he would every day &longs;ee the whole 

<lb/>Terre&longs;trial &longs;uperficies, by means of the Moons going about the 

<lb/>Earth in twenty four or twenty five hours; but we never &longs;ee but 

<lb/>half of the Moon, &longs;ince it revolves not in it &longs;elf, as it mu&longs;t do to 

<lb/>be &longs;een in every part of it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that this, befals not contrarily, namely, that her re&shy;

<lb/>volving in her &longs;elf, is the cau&longs;e that we &longs;ee not the other half of 

<lb/>her, for &longs;o it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary it &longs;hould be, if &longs;he had the Epicy&shy;

<lb/>cle. </s><s>But what other difference have you behind, to exchange for 

<lb/>this which you have named?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Let me &longs;ee; Well for the pre&longs;ent I cannot think of 

<lb/>any other.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And what if the Earth (as you have well noted) &longs;eeth 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg151"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>no more than half the Moon, whereas from the Moon one may &longs;ee 

<lb/>all the Earth; and on the contrary, all the Earth &longs;eeth the Moon, and 

<lb/>but onely half of it &longs;eeth the Earth? </s><s>For the inhabitants, to &longs;o &longs;peak, 

<lb/>of the &longs;uperior Hemi&longs;phere of the Moon, which is to us invi&longs;ible, 

<lb/>are deprived of the &longs;ight of the Earth: and the&longs;e haply are the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Anticthones.<emph.end type="italics"/> But here I remember a particular accident, newly 

<lb/>ob&longs;erved by our <emph type="italics"/>Academian,<emph.end type="italics"/> in the Moon, from whch are gathered 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg152"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>two nece&longs;&longs;ary con&longs;equences; one is, that we &longs;ee &longs;omewhat more 

<lb/>than half of the Moon; and the other is, that the motion of the 

<lb/>Moon hath exact concentricity with the Earth: and thus he finds 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Ph&oelig;nomenon<emph.end type="italics"/> and ob&longs;ervation. </s><s>When the Moon hath a cor&shy;

<lb/>re&longs;pondence and natural &longs;ympathy with the Earth, towards which 

<lb/>it hath its a&longs;pect in &longs;uch a determinate part, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that the 

<lb/>right line which conjoyns their centers, do pa&longs;&longs;e ever by the &longs;ame 

<lb/>point of the Moons &longs;uperficies; &longs;o that, who &longs;o &longs;hall from the cen&shy;

<lb/>ter of the Earth behold the &longs;ame, &longs;hall alwayes &longs;ee the &longs;ame 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> or Face of the Moon punctually determined by one and 

<lb/>the &longs;ame circumference; But if a man be placed upon the Terre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trial &longs;urface, the ray which from his eye pa&longs;&longs;eth to the centre of the 

<lb/>Lunar Globe, will not pa&longs;s by the &longs;ame point of its &longs;uperficies, by 

<lb/>which the line pa&longs;&longs;eth that is drawn from the centre of the Earth 

<lb/>to that of the Moon, &longs;ave onely when it is vertical to him: but 

<lb/>the Moon being placed in the Ea&longs;t, or in the We&longs;t, the point of 

<lb/>incidence of the vi&longs;ual ray, is higher than that of the line which 

<lb/>conjoyns the centres; and therefore the ob&longs;erver may di&longs;cern 

<lb/>&longs;ome part of the Lunar Hemi&longs;phere towards the upper circumfe&shy;

<lb/>rence, and alike part of the other is invi&longs;ible: they are di&longs;cerna&shy;

<lb/>ble and undi&longs;cernable, in re&longs;pect of the Hemi&longs;phere beheld from 

<lb/>the true centre of the Earth: and becau&longs;e the part of the Moons 

<lb/>circumference, which is &longs;uperiour in its ri&longs;ing, is nethermo&longs;t in its 

<lb/>&longs;etting; therefore the difference of the &longs;aid &longs;uperiour and inferi&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/058.jpg" pagenum="52"/>our parts mu&longs;t needs be very ob&longs;ervable; certain &longs;pots and other 

<lb/>notable things in tho&longs;e parts, being one while di&longs;cernable, and 

<lb/>another while not. </s><s>A like variation may al&longs;o be ob&longs;erved towards 

<lb/>the North and South extremities of the &longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> (or Surface) 

<lb/>according as the Moons po&longs;ition is in one or the other Section of 

<lb/>its Dragon; For, if it be North, &longs;ome of its parts towards the 

<lb/>North are hid, and &longs;ome of tho&longs;e parts towards the South are 

<lb/>di&longs;covered, and &longs;o on the contrary. </s><s>Now that the&longs;e con&longs;equen&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg153"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ces are really true, is verified by the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope,<emph.end type="italics"/> for there be in 

<lb/>the Moon two remarkable &longs;pots, one of which, when the Moon 

<lb/>is in the meridian, is &longs;ituate to the Northwe&longs;t, and the other is 

<lb/>almo&longs;t diametrically oppo&longs;ite unto it; and the fir&longs;t of the&longs;e is vi&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ible even without the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope<emph.end type="italics"/>; but the other is not. </s><s>That to&shy;

<lb/>wards the Northwe&longs;t is a rea&longs;onable great &longs;pot of oval figure, &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>parated from the other great ones; the oppo&longs;ite one is le&longs;&longs;e, and 

<lb/>al&longs;o &longs;evered from the bigge&longs;t, and &longs;ituate in a very cleer field; in 

<lb/>both the&longs;e we may manife&longs;tly di&longs;cern the fore&longs;aid variations, and 

<lb/>&longs;ee them one after another; now neer the edge or limb of the 

<lb/>Lunar <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and anon remote, with &longs;o great difference that 

<lb/>the di&longs;tance betwixt the Northwe&longs;t and the circumference of the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> is more than twice as great at one time, as at the other; 

<lb/>and as to the &longs;econd &longs;pot (becau&longs;e it is neerer to the circumfe&shy;

<lb/>rence) &longs;uch mutation importeth more, than twice &longs;o much in the 

<lb/>former. </s><s>Hence its manife&longs;t, that the Moon, as if it were drawn 

<lb/>by a magnetick vertue, con&longs;tantly beholds the Terre&longs;trial Globe 

<lb/>with one and the &longs;ame a&longs;pect, never deviating from the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg151"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>All the Earth 

<lb/>&longs;eeth half onely of 

<lb/>the Moon, &amp; the 

<lb/>half onely of the 

<lb/>Moon &longs;eeth all the 

<lb/>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg152"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>From the Earth 

<lb/>we &longs;ee more than 

<lb/>half the Lunar 

<lb/>Globe.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg153"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Two &longs;pots in the 

<lb/>Moon, by which it 

<lb/>is perceived that 

<lb/>&longs;he hath respect to 

<lb/>the centre of the 

<lb/>Earth in her mo&shy;

<lb/>tion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Oh! when will there be an end put to the new ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ervations aud di&longs;coveries of this admirable In&longs;trument?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If this &longs;ucceed according to the progre&longs;&longs;e of other great 

<lb/>inventions, it is to be hoped, that in proce&longs;&longs;e of time, one may 

<lb/>arrive to the &longs;ight of things, to us at pre&longs;ent not to be imagined. 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg154"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>But returning to our fir&longs;t di&longs;cour&longs;e, I &longs;ay for the &longs;ixth re&longs;emblance 

<lb/>betwixt the Moon and Earth, that as the Moon for a great part 

<lb/>of time, &longs;upplies the want of the Suns light, and makes the 

<lb/>nights, by the reflection of its own, rea&longs;onable clear; &longs;o the 

<lb/>Earth, in recompence, affordeth it when it &longs;tands in mo&longs;t need, 

<lb/>by reflecting the Solar rayes, a very cleer illumination, and &longs;o 

<lb/>much, in my opinion, greater than that which cometh from her to 

<lb/>us, by how much the &longs;uperficies of the Earth is greater than that 

<lb/>of the Moon.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg154"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Sixthly, The 

<lb/>Earth and Moon 

<lb/>interchangeably do 

<lb/>illuminate.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Hold there, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> hold there, and permit me the 

<lb/>plea&longs;ure of relating to you, how at this fir&longs;t hint I have penetrated 

<lb/>the cau&longs;e of an accident, which I have a thou&longs;and times thought 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg155"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>upon, but could never find out. </s><s>You would &longs;ay, that the imper&shy;

<lb/>fect light which is &longs;een in the Moon, e&longs;pecially when it is horned, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/059.jpg" pagenum="53"/>comes from the reflection of the light of the Sun on the Superfi&shy;

<lb/>cies of the Earth and Sea; and that light is more clear, by how 

<lb/>much the horns are le&longs;&longs;e, for then the luminous part of the Earth, 

<lb/>beheld by the Moon, is greater, according to that which was 

<lb/>a little before proved; to wit, that the luminous part of the Earth, 

<lb/>expo&longs;ed to the Moon, is alway as great as the ob&longs;cure part of 

<lb/>the Moon, that is vi&longs;ible to the Earth; whereupon, at &longs;uch time 

<lb/>as the Moon is &longs;harp-forked, and con&longs;equently its tenebrous part 

<lb/>great, great al&longs;o is the illuminated part of the Earth beheld from 

<lb/>the Moon, and its reflection of light &longs;o much the more potent.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg155"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Light reflected 

<lb/>from the Earth in&shy;

<lb/>to the Moon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is exactly the &longs;ame with what I was about to &longs;ay. 

<lb/></s><s>In a word, it is a great plea&longs;ure to &longs;peak with per&longs;ons judicious 

<lb/>and apprehen&longs;ive, and the rather to me, for that while&longs;t others 

<lb/>conver&longs;e and di&longs;cour&longs;e touching Axiomatical truths, I have ma&shy;

<lb/>ny times creeping into my brain &longs;uch arduous Paradoxes, that 

<lb/>though I have a thou&longs;and times rehear&longs;ed this which you at the ve&shy;

<lb/>ry fir&longs;t, have of your &longs;elf apprehended, yet could I never beat 

<lb/>it into mens brains.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>If you mean by your not being able to per&longs;wade them 

<lb/>to it, that you could not make them under&longs;tand the &longs;ame, I 

<lb/>much wonder thereat, and am very confident that if they did 

<lb/>not under&longs;tand it by your demon&longs;tration (your way of expre&longs;&longs;ion, 

<lb/>being, in my judgment, very plain) they would very hardly have 

<lb/>apprehended it upon the explication of any other man; but if 

<lb/>you mean you have not per&longs;waded them, &longs;o as to make them be&shy;

<lb/>lieve it, I wonder not, in the lea&longs;t, at this; for I confe&longs;&longs;e my 

<lb/>&longs;elf to be one of tho&longs;e who under&longs;tand your di&longs;cour&longs;es, but 

<lb/>am not &longs;atisfied therewith; for there are in this, and &longs;ome of 

<lb/>the other &longs;ix congruities, or re&longs;emblances, many difficulties, 

<lb/>which I &longs;hall in&longs;tance in, when you have gone through them 

<lb/>all.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The de&longs;ire I have to find out any truth, in the acqui&longs;t 

<lb/>whereof the objections of intelligent per&longs;ons (&longs;uch as your &longs;elf) 

<lb/>may much a&longs;&longs;i&longs;t me, will cau&longs;e me to be very brief in di&longs;patching 

<lb/>that which remains. </s><s>For a &longs;eventh conformity, take their reci&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg156"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>procal re&longs;pon&longs;ion as well to injuries, as favours; whereby the 

<lb/>Moon, which very often in the height of its illumination, by the 

<lb/>interpo&longs;ure of the Earth betwixt it and the Sun, is deprived of 

<lb/>light, and eclip&longs;ed, doth by way of revenge; in like manner, in&shy;

<lb/>terpo&longs;e it &longs;elf between the Earth and the Sun, and with its &longs;hadow 

<lb/>ob&longs;cureth the Earth; and although the revenge be not an&longs;wer&shy;

<lb/>able to the injury, for that the Moon often continueth, and 

<lb/>that for a rea&longs;onable long time, wholly immer&longs;ed in the Earths 

<lb/>&longs;hadow, but never was the Earth wholly, nor for any long time, 

<lb/>eclip&longs;ed by the Moon; yet, neverthele&longs;&longs;e, having re&longs;pect to the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/060.jpg" pagenum="54"/>&longs;malne&longs;&longs;e of the body of this, in compari&longs;on to the magnitude 

<lb/>of the other, it cannot be denied but that the <emph type="italics"/>will<emph.end type="italics"/> and as it 

<lb/>were <emph type="italics"/>valour<emph.end type="italics"/> of this, is very great. </s><s>Thus much for their con&shy;

<lb/>gruities or re&longs;emblances. </s><s>It &longs;hould next follow that we di&longs;cour&longs;e 

<lb/>touching their di&longs;parity; but becau&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> will favour us 

<lb/>with his objections again&longs;t the former, its nece&longs;&longs;ary that we hear 

<lb/>and examine them, before we proceed any farther.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg156"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Seventhly, The 

<lb/>Earth and Moon 

<lb/>do mutually eclip&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And the rather, becau&longs;e it is to be &longs;uppo&longs;ed that 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> will not any wayes oppo&longs;e the di&longs;parities, and incon&shy;

<lb/>gruities betwixt the Earth and Moon, &longs;ince that he accounts their 

<lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tances extremely different.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Among&longs;t the re&longs;emblances by you recited, in the pa&shy;

<lb/>rallel you make betwixt the Earth and Moon, I find that I can 

<lb/>admit none confidently &longs;ave onely the fir&longs;t, and two others; I 

<lb/>grant the fir&longs;t, namely, the &longs;pherical figure; howbeit, even in 

<lb/>this there is &longs;ome kind of difference, for that I hold that of the 

<lb/>Moon to be very &longs;mooth and even, as a looking-gla&longs;&longs;e, where&shy;

<lb/>as, we find and feel this of the Earth to be extraordinary montu&shy;

<lb/>ous and rugged; but this belonging to the inequality of &longs;uperfi&shy;

<lb/>cies, it &longs;hall be anon con&longs;idered, in another of tho&longs;e Re&longs;emblan&shy;

<lb/>ces by you alledged; I &longs;hall therefore re&longs;erve what I have to &longs;ay 

<lb/>thereof, till I come to the con&longs;ideration of that. </s><s>Of what you 

<lb/>affirm next, that the Moon &longs;eemeth, as you &longs;ay in your &longs;econd 

<lb/>Re&longs;emblance, opacous and ob&longs;cure in its &longs;elf, like the Earth; I 

<lb/>admit not any more than the fir&longs;t attribute of opacity, of which 

<lb/>the Eclip&longs;es of the Sun a&longs;&longs;ure me. </s><s>For were the Moon tran&longs;pa&shy;

<lb/>rent, the air in the total ob&longs;curation of the Sun, would not be&shy;

<lb/>come &longs;o duski&longs;h, as at &longs;uch a time it is, but by means of the 

<lb/>tran&longs;parency of the body of the Moon, a refracted light would 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;e through it, as we &longs;ee it doth through the thicke&longs;t clouds. </s><s>But 

<lb/>as to the ob&longs;curity, I believe not that the Moon is wholly depri&shy;

<lb/>ved of light, as the Earth; nay, that clarity which is &longs;een in the 

<lb/>remainder of its <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus,<emph.end type="italics"/> over and above the &longs;mall cre&longs;cent en&shy;

<lb/>lightened by the Sun, I repute to be its proper and natural light, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg157"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>and not a reflection of the Earth, which I e&longs;teem unable, by 

<lb/>rea&longs;on of its a&longs;perity (craggine&longs;&longs;e) and ob&longs;curity, to reflect the 

<lb/>raies of the Sun. </s><s>In the third Parallel I a&longs;&longs;ent unto you in one 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg158"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>part, and di&longs;&longs;ent in another: I agree in judging the body of the 

<lb/>Moon to be mo&longs;t &longs;olid and hard, like the Earth, yea much more; 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg159"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>for if from <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> we receive that the Heavens are impenetrable, 

<lb/>and the Stars the mo&longs;t den&longs;e parts of Heaven, it mu&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arily 

<lb/>follow, that they are mo&longs;t &longs;olid and mo&longs;t impenetrable.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg157"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;econd clarity 

<lb/>of the Moon e&shy;

<lb/>&longs;teemed to be its 

<lb/>native light.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg158"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earth unable 

<lb/>to reflect the Suns 

<lb/>raies.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg159"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;ub&longs;tance of 

<lb/>the Heavens impe&shy;

<lb/>netrable, accord&shy;

<lb/>ing to<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>What excellent matter would the Heavens afford us for 

<lb/>to make Pallaces of, if we could procure a &longs;ub&longs;tance &longs;o hard and &longs;o 

<lb/>tran&longs;parent?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/061.jpg" pagenum="55"/><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Rather how improper, for being by its tran&longs;parence, 

<lb/>wholly invi&longs;ible, a man would not be able without &longs;tumbling at 

<lb/>the thre&longs;holds, and breaking his head again&longs;t the Walls, to pa&longs;s 

<lb/>from room to room.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This danger would not befall him, if it be true, as &longs;ome 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg160"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ay, that it is intangible: and if one cannot 

<lb/>touch it, much le&longs;s can it hurt him.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg160"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;ubstance of 

<lb/>Heaven intangi&shy;

<lb/>ble.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This would not &longs;erve the turn, for though the matter 

<lb/>of the Heavens cannot be toucht, as wanting tangible qualities: 

<lb/>yet may it ea&longs;ily touch the elementary bodies; and to offend us 

<lb/>it is as &longs;ufficient that it &longs;trike us, nay wor&longs;e, than if we &longs;hould 

<lb/>&longs;trike it. </s><s>But let us leave the&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Pallaces,<emph.end type="italics"/> or, to &longs;ay better, the&longs;e 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ca&longs;tles<emph.end type="italics"/> in the air, and not interrupt <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>The que&longs;tion which you have &longs;o ca&longs;ually &longs;tarted, is one 

<lb/>of the mo&longs;t difficulty that is di&longs;puted in Philo&longs;ophy; and I have 

<lb/>on that &longs;ubject mo&longs;t excellent conceits of a very learned Doctor 

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Padoua,<emph.end type="italics"/> but it is not now time to enter upon them. </s><s>Therefore 

<lb/>returning to our purpo&longs;e, I &longs;ay that the Moon, in my opinion, is 

<lb/>much more &longs;olid than the Earth, but do not infer the &longs;ame, as you 

<lb/>do, from the craggine&longs;s and montuo&longs;ity of its &longs;uperficies; but 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg161"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>rather from the contrary, namely, from its aptitude to receive (as 

<lb/>we &longs;ee it experimented in the harde&longs;t &longs;tones) a poli&longs;h and lu&longs;tre 

<lb/>exceeding that of the &longs;moothe&longs;t gla&longs;s, for &longs;uch nece&longs;&longs;arily mu&longs;t 

<lb/>its &longs;uperficies be, to render it apt to make &longs;o lively reflection of 

<lb/>the Suns rays. </s><s>And for tho&longs;e appearances which you mention, 

<lb/>of Mountains, Cliffs, Hills, Valleys, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> they are all illu&longs;ions: 

<lb/>and I have been pre&longs;ent at certain publick di&longs;putes, where I have 

<lb/>heard it &longs;trongly maintained again&longs;t the&longs;e introducers of novelties, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg162"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that &longs;uch appearances proceed from nothing el&longs;e, but from the un&shy;

<lb/>equal di&longs;tribution of the opacous and per&longs;picuous parts, of which 

<lb/>the Moon is inwardly and outwardly compo&longs;ed: as we &longs;ee it 

<lb/>often fall out in chry&longs;tal, amber, and many other precious &longs;tones 

<lb/>of perfect lu&longs;tre; in which by rea&longs;on of the opacity of &longs;ome parts, 

<lb/>and the tran&longs;parency of others, there doth appear &longs;everal conca&shy;

<lb/>vities and prominencies. </s><s>In the fourth re&longs;emblance, I grant, that 

<lb/>the &longs;uperficies of Terre&longs;trial Globe beheld from afar, would make 

<lb/>two different appearances, namely, one more clear, the other more 

<lb/>dark; but I believe that &longs;uch diver&longs;ity would &longs;ucceed quite con&shy;

<lb/>trary to what you &longs;ay; that is, I hold that the &longs;urface of the wa&shy;

<lb/>ter would appear lucid, becau&longs;e that it is &longs;mooth and tran&longs;parent; 

<lb/>and that of the Earth would appear ob&longs;cure, by rea&longs;on of its o&shy;

<lb/>pacity and &longs;cabro&longs;ity, ill accommodated for reflecting the light of 

<lb/>the Sun. </s><s>Concern&iuml;ng the fifth compari&longs;on, I grant it wholly, and 

<lb/>am able, in ca&longs;e the Earth did &longs;hine as the Moon, to &longs;how the 

<lb/>&longs;ame to any one that &longs;hould from thence above behold it, repre&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/062.jpg" pagenum="56"/>&longs;ented by figures an&longs;werable to tho&longs;e which we &longs;ee in the Moon: 

<lb/>I comprehend al&longs;o, how the period of its illumination and varia&shy;

<lb/>tion of figure, would be monthly, albeit the Sun revolves round 

<lb/>about it in twenty four hours: and la&longs;tly, I do not &longs;cruple to 

<lb/>admit, that the half onely of the Moon &longs;eeth all the Earth, and 

<lb/>that all the Earth &longs;eeth but onely half of the Moon. </s><s>For what 

<lb/>remains, I repute it mo&longs;t fal&longs;e, that the Moon can receive light 

<lb/>from the Earth, which is mo&longs;t ob&longs;cure, opacous, and utterly un&shy;

<lb/>apt to reflect the Suns light, as the Moon doth reflect it to us: and 

<lb/>as I have &longs;aid, I hold that that light which we &longs;ee in the remain&shy;

<lb/>der of the Moons face (the &longs;plendid cre&longs;cents &longs;ubducted) by the 

<lb/>illumination, is the proper and natural light of the Moon, and no 

<lb/>ea&longs;ie matter would induce me to believe otherwi&longs;e. </s><s>The &longs;eventh, 

<lb/>touching the mutual Eclip&longs;es, may be al&longs;o admitted; howbeit 

<lb/>that is wont to be called the eclip&longs;e of the Sun, which you are 

<lb/>plea&longs;ed to phra&longs;e the eclip&longs;e of the Earth. </s><s>And this is what <emph type="italics"/>I<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>have at this time to &longs;ay in oppo&longs;ition to your &longs;even congruities 

<lb/>or re&longs;emblances, to which objections, if you are minded to make 

<lb/>any reply, <emph type="italics"/>I<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hall willingly hear you.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg161"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;uperficies of 

<lb/>the Moon more 

<lb/>&longs;leek than any 

<lb/>Looking-gla&szlig;.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg162"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The eminencies 

<lb/>and cavities in the 

<lb/>Moon are illu&longs;ions 

<lb/>of its opacous and 

<lb/>perspicuous parts.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If I have well apprehended what you have an&longs;wered, it 

<lb/>&longs;eems to me, that there &longs;till remains in controver&longs;ie between us, cer&shy;

<lb/>tain conditions, which I made common betwixt the Moon &amp; Earth, 

<lb/>and they are the&longs;e; You e&longs;teem the Moon to be &longs;mooth and poli&longs;ht, 

<lb/>as a Looking-gla&longs;s, and as &longs;uch, able to reflect the Suns light; and 

<lb/>contrarily, the Earth, by rea&longs;on of its montuo&longs;ity, unable to make 

<lb/>&longs;uch reflection: You yield the Moon to be &longs;olid and hard, and that 

<lb/>you argue from its being &longs;mooth and polite, and not from its being 

<lb/>montuous; and for its appearing montuous, you a&longs;&longs;ign as the 

<lb/>cau&longs;e, that it con&longs;i&longs;ts of parts more and le&longs;s opacous and per&longs;pi&shy;

<lb/>cuous. </s><s>And la&longs;tly, you e&longs;teem that &longs;econdary light, to be proper 

<lb/>to the <emph type="italics"/>M<emph.end type="italics"/>oon, and not reflected from the Earth; howbeit you 

<lb/>&longs;eem not to deny the &longs;ea, as being of a &longs;mooth &longs;urface, &longs;ome 

<lb/>kind of reflection. </s><s>As to the convincing you of that error, that 

<lb/>the reflection of the <emph type="italics"/>M<emph.end type="italics"/>oon is made, as it were, like that of a 

<lb/>Looking-gla&longs;s, <emph type="italics"/>I<emph.end type="italics"/> have &longs;mall hope, whil&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>I<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ee, that what hath 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg163"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>been read in the ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Saggiator<emph.end type="italics"/> and in the <emph type="italics"/>Solar Letters<emph.end type="italics"/> of our <emph type="italics"/>Com&shy;

<lb/>mon Friend,<emph.end type="italics"/> hath profited nothing in your judgment, if haply 

<lb/>you have attentively read what he hath there written on this &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>ject.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg163"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>Il Saggiatore, &amp; 

<lb/>Lettere Solari,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>two Treati&longs;es of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Galil&aelig;us.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. <emph type="italics"/>I<emph.end type="italics"/> have peru&longs;ed the &longs;ame &longs;o &longs;uperficially, according to 

<lb/>the &longs;mall time of lea&longs;ure allowed me from more &longs;olid &longs;tudies; 

<lb/>therefore, if you think you can, either by repeating &longs;ome of tho&longs;e 

<lb/>rea&longs;ons, or by alledging others, re&longs;olve me the&longs;e doubts, <emph type="italics"/>I<emph.end type="italics"/> will 

<lb/>hearken to them attentively.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. <emph type="italics"/>I<emph.end type="italics"/> will tell you what comes into my mind upon the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/063.jpg" pagenum="57"/>in&longs;tant, and its po&longs;&longs;ible it may be a commixtion of my own con&shy;

<lb/>ceipts; and tho&longs;e which I have &longs;ometime read in the fore-&longs;aid 

<lb/>Books, by which I well remember, that I was then perfectly 

<lb/>&longs;atisfied, although the conclu&longs;ions, at fir&longs;t &longs;ight &longs;eem'd unto me 

<lb/>&longs;trange Paradoxes. </s><s>We enquire <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> whether to the ma&shy;

<lb/>king a reflection of light, like that which we receive from the 

<lb/>Moon, it be nece&longs;&longs;ary that the &longs;uperficies from whence the refle&shy;

<lb/>ction commeth, be &longs;o &longs;mooth and polite, as the face of a Looking&shy;

<lb/>Gla&longs;&longs;e, or whether a &longs;uperficies not &longs;mooth or poli&longs;ht, but rough 

<lb/>and uneven, be more apt for &longs;uch a purpo&longs;e. </s><s>Now &longs;uppo&longs;ing 

<lb/>two reflections &longs;hould come unto us, one more bright, the other 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e, from two &longs;uperficies oppo&longs;ite unto us, I demand of you, 

<lb/>which of the two &longs;uperficies you think would repre&longs;ent it &longs;elf to 

<lb/>our &longs;ight, to be the cleare&longs;t, and which the ob&longs;cure&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I am very confident, that that &longs;ame, which mo&longs;t for&shy;

<lb/>cibly reflected the light upon me, would &longs;hew its &longs;elf in its a&longs;pect 

<lb/>the clearer, and the other darker.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Be plea&longs;ed to take that Gla&longs;&longs;e which hangs on yonder 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg164"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Wall, and let us go out into the Court-yard. </s><s>Come <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Now hang the gla&longs;&longs;e yonder, again&longs;t that &longs;ame Wall, on which 

<lb/>the Sun &longs;hines, and now let us with-draw our &longs;elves into the &longs;hade. 

<lb/></s><s>See yonder two &longs;uperficies beaten by the Sun, namely, the Wall 

<lb/>and the Gla&longs;&longs;e. </s><s>Tell me now which appears cleare&longs;t unto you, 

<lb/>that of the Wall or that of the Gla&longs;&longs;e? </s><s>Why do you not an&longs;wer 

<lb/>me?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg164"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is proved at 

<lb/>large that the 

<lb/>Moons &longs;urface is 

<lb/>&longs;harp.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I leave the reply to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> who made the que&longs;ti&shy;

<lb/>on; but I, for my own part, am per&longs;waded upon this &longs;mall be&shy;

<lb/>ginning of the experiment, that the Moon mu&longs;t be of a very un&shy;

<lb/>poli&longs;ht &longs;urface.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>What &longs;ay you <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> if you were to depaint that 

<lb/>Wall, and that Gla&longs;&longs;e fa&longs;tened unto it, where would you u&longs;e 

<lb/>your darke&longs;t colours, in de&longs;igning the Wall, or el&longs;e in painting 

<lb/>the Looking-Gla&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Much the darker in depainting the Gla&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now if from the &longs;uperficies, which repre&longs;ents it &longs;elf 

<lb/>more clear, there proceedeth a more powerful reflection of light, 

<lb/>the Wall will more forcibly reflect the raies of the Sun, than the 

<lb/>Gla&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Very well, Sir, have you ever a better experiment 

<lb/>than this? </s><s>you have placed us where the Gla&longs;&longs;e doth not rever&shy;

<lb/>berate upon us; but come along with me a little this way; how, 

<lb/>will you not &longs;tir?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You perhaps &longs;eek the place of the reflection, which the 

<lb/>Gla&longs;&longs;e makth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I do &longs;o.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/064.jpg" pagenum="58"/><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Why look you, there it is upon the oppo&longs;ite Wall, ju&longs;t 

<lb/>as big as the Gla&longs;&longs;e, and little le&longs;&longs;e bright than if the Sun had 

<lb/>directly &longs;hined upon it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Come hither therefore, and &longs;ee from hence the &longs;ur&shy;

<lb/>face of the Gla&longs;&longs;e, and tell me whether you think it more ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cure than that of the Wall.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Look on it your &longs;elf, for I have no mind at this time, 

<lb/>to dazle my eyes; and I know very well, without &longs;eeing it, 

<lb/>that it there appears as &longs;plendid and bright as the Sun it &longs;elf, or 

<lb/>little le&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>What &longs;ay you therefore, is the reflection of a Gla&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e powerful than that of a Wall? </s><s>I &longs;ee, that in this oppo&longs;ite 

<lb/>Wall, where the reflection of the other illuminated Wall comes, 

<lb/>together with that of the Gla&longs;&longs;e, this of the Gla&longs;&longs;e is much 

<lb/>clearer; and I &longs;ee likewi&longs;e, that, from this place where I &longs;tand, 

<lb/>the gla&longs;&longs;e it &longs;elf appears with much more lu&longs;tre than the Wall.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You have prevented me with your &longs;ubtlety; for I &longs;tood 

<lb/>in need of this very ob&longs;ervation to demon&longs;trate what remains. 

<lb/></s><s>You &longs;ee then the difference which happens betwixt the two refle&shy;

<lb/>ctions made by the two &longs;uperficies of the Wall and Gla&longs;&longs;e, per&shy;

<lb/>cu'&longs;t in the &longs;elf-&longs;ame manner, by the rayes of the Sun; and you 

<lb/>&longs;ee, how the reflection which comes from the Wall, diffu&longs;eth it 

<lb/>&longs;elf towards all the parts oppo&longs;ite to it, but that of the Gla&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>goeth towards one part onely, not at all bigger than the Gla&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>it &longs;elf: you &longs;ee likewi&longs;e, how the &longs;uperficies of the Wall, beheld 

<lb/>from what part &longs;oever, alwayes &longs;hews it &longs;elf of one and the &longs;ame 

<lb/>cleerne&longs;&longs;e, and every way, much clearer than that of the Gla&longs;&longs;e, 

<lb/>excepting only in that little place, on which the Gla&longs;&longs;es reflection 

<lb/>reverberates, for from thence indeed the Gla&longs;&longs;e appears much more 

<lb/>lucid than the Wall. </s><s>By the&longs;e &longs;o &longs;en&longs;ible, and palpable experi&shy;

<lb/>ments, my thinks one may &longs;oon come to know, whether the 

<lb/>reflection which the Moon &longs;ends upon us, proceed as from a 

<lb/>Gla&longs;&longs;e, or el&longs;e, as from a Wall, that is, from a &longs;mooth &longs;uperfi&shy;

<lb/>cies, or a rugged.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If I were in the Moon it &longs;elf, I think I could not with 

<lb/>my hands more plainly feel the unevenne&longs;&longs;e of its &longs;uperficies, than 

<lb/>I do now perceive it, by apprehending your di&longs;cour&longs;e. </s><s>The Moon 

<lb/>beheld in any po&longs;ture, in re&longs;pect of the Sun and us, &longs;heweth us 

<lb/>its &longs;uperficies, touch't by the Suns rayes, alwayes equally clear; 

<lb/>an effect, which an&longs;wers to an hair that of the Wall, which be&shy;

<lb/>held from what place &longs;oever, appeareth equally bright, and dif&shy;

<lb/>fereth from the Gla&longs;&longs;e, which from one place onely appeareth lu&shy;

<lb/>cid, and from all others ob&longs;cure. </s><s>Moreover, the light which 

<lb/>cometh to me from the reflection of the Wall, is tollerable, 

<lb/>and weak, in compari&longs;on of that of the Gla&longs;&longs;e, which is little 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/065.jpg" pagenum="59"/>le&longs;&longs;e forcible and offen&longs;ive to the &longs;ight, than that primary and 

<lb/>direct light of the Sun. </s><s>And thus without trouble do we behold 

<lb/>the face of the Moon; which were it as a Gla&longs;&longs;e, it appearing to 

<lb/>us by rea&longs;on of its vicinity, as big as the Sun it &longs;elf, its &longs;plendor 

<lb/>would be ab&longs;olutely intollerable, and would &longs;eem as if we beheld 

<lb/>another Sun.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>A&longs;cribe not, I be&longs;eech you <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> more to my de&shy;

<lb/>mon&longs;tration, than it produceth. </s><s>I will oppo&longs;e you with an in&longs;tance, 

<lb/>which I &longs;ee not well how you can ea&longs;ily re&longs;olve. </s><s>You in&longs;i&longs;t upon it 

<lb/>as a grand difference between the Moon and Gla&longs;&longs;e, that it emits 

<lb/>its reflection towards all parts equally, as doth the Wall; where&shy;

<lb/>as the Gla&longs;&longs;e ca&longs;ts it upon one onely determinate place; and from 

<lb/>hence you conclude the Moon to be like to the Wall, and not to 

<lb/>the Gla&longs;&longs;e: But I mu&longs;t tell you, that that &longs;ame Gla&longs;&longs;e ca&longs;ts its 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg165"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>reflection on one place onely, becau&longs;e its &longs;urface is flat, and the 

<lb/>reflex rayes being to depart at angles equal to tho&longs;e of the rayes 

<lb/>of incidence, it mu&longs;t follow that from a plane or flat &longs;uperficies, 

<lb/>they do depart unitedly towards the &longs;ame place; but in regard 

<lb/>that the &longs;uperficies of the Moon is not plain, but &longs;pherical, and 

<lb/>the incident rayes upon &longs;uch a &longs;uperficies, being to reflect them&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elves at angles equal to tho&longs;e of the incidence towards all parts, 

<lb/>by means of the infinity of the inclinations which compo&longs;e the 

<lb/>&longs;pherical &longs;uperficies, therefore the Moon may &longs;end forth its reflecti&shy;

<lb/>on every way; and there is no nece&longs;&longs;ity for its repercu&longs;&longs;ion upon one 

<lb/>place onely, as that Gla&longs;&longs;e which is flat.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg165"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Flat Looking&shy;

<lb/>gla&longs;&longs;es ca&longs;t forth 

<lb/>the reflection to&shy;

<lb/>wards but one 

<lb/>place, but the 

<lb/>&longs;pherical every 

<lb/>way.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This is one of the very &longs;ame objections, which I in&shy;

<lb/>tended to have made again&longs;t him.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If this be one, you had need have more of them; yet 

<lb/>I tell you, that as to this fir&longs;t, it &longs;eems to me to make more a&shy;

<lb/>gain&longs;t you, than for you.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>You have pronounced as a thing manife&longs;t, that the refle&shy;

<lb/>ction made by that Wall, is as cleer and lucid as that which the 

<lb/>Moon &longs;ends forth, and I e&longs;teem it nothing in compari&longs;on thereto. 

<lb/></s><s>&ldquo;For, in this bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e of the illumination, its requi&longs;ite to re&longs;pect, 

<lb/>and to di&longs;tingui&longs;h the <emph type="italics"/>Sphere<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>Activity<emph.end type="italics"/>; and who que&longs;tions 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg166"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>but the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies have greater Spheres of activity, than 

<lb/>the&longs;e our elementary, frail, and mortal ones? </s><s>and that Wall, 

<lb/>finally, what el&longs;e is it but a little ob&longs;cure Earth, unapt to 

<lb/>&longs;hine?&rdquo;</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg166"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;phere of 

<lb/>Activity greater 

<lb/>in the C&oelig;le&longs;tial 

<lb/>bodies than in Ele&shy;

<lb/>mentary.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"/>S<emph.end type="italics"/>AGR. </s><s>And here al&longs;o I believe, that you very much deceive your 

<lb/>felf. </s><s>But I come to the fir&longs;t objection moved by <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/>; and 

<lb/>I con&longs;ider, that to make a body appear unto us luminous, it &longs;uf&shy;

<lb/>ficeth not that the rayes of the illuminating body fall upon it, 

<lb/>but it is moreover requi&longs;ite that the reflex rayes arrive to our 

<lb/>eye; as is manife&longs;tly &longs;een in the example of that Gla&longs;&longs;e, upon 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/066.jpg" pagenum="60"/>which, without que&longs;tion, the illuminating rayes of the Sun do 

<lb/>come; yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e, it appears not to us bright and &longs;hining, 

<lb/>unle&longs;&longs;e we &longs;et our eye in that particular place, where the refle&shy;

<lb/>ction arriveth. </s><s>Now let us con&longs;ider what would &longs;ucceed, were 

<lb/>the gla&longs;&longs;e of a &longs;pherical figure; for without doubt, we &longs;hould 

<lb/>find, that of the reflection made by the whole &longs;urface illumina&shy;

<lb/>ted, that to be but a very &longs;mall part, which arriveth to the eye 

<lb/>of a particular beholder; by rea&longs;on that that is but an incon&longs;ide&shy;

<lb/>rable particle of the whole &longs;pherical &longs;uperficies, the inclination 

<lb/>of which ca&longs;ts the ray to the particular place of the eye; whence 

<lb/>the part of the &longs;pherical &longs;uperficies, which &longs;hews it &longs;elf &longs;hining 

<lb/>to the eye, mu&longs;t needs be very &longs;mall; all the re&longs;t being repre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ented ob&longs;cure. </s><s>So that were the Moon &longs;mooth, as a Looking&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg167"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>gla&longs;&longs;e, a very &longs;mall part would be &longs;een by any particular eye to 

<lb/>be illu&longs;trated by the Sun, although its whole Hemi&longs;phere were ex&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ed to the Suns rayes; and the re&longs;t would appear to the eye of 

<lb/>the beholder as not illuminated, and therefore invi&longs;ible; and 

<lb/>finally, the whole Moon would be likewi&longs;e invi&longs;ible, for &longs;o much 

<lb/>as that particle, whence the reflection &longs;hould come, by rea&longs;on of 

<lb/>its &longs;malne&longs;&longs;e and remotene&longs;&longs;e, would be lo&longs;t. </s><s>And as it would be 

<lb/>invi&longs;ible to the eye, &longs;o would it not afford any light; for it is al&shy;

<lb/>together impo&longs;&longs;ible, that a bright body &longs;hould take away our 

<lb/>darkne&longs;&longs;e by its &longs;plendor, and we not to &longs;ee it.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg167"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moon if it 

<lb/>were &longs;mooth, like a 

<lb/>&longs;pherical gla&longs;&longs;e, 

<lb/>would be invi&longs;ible.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Stay good <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> for I &longs;ee &longs;ome emotions in 

<lb/>the face and eyes of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> which are to me as indices that 

<lb/>he is not either very apprehen&longs;ive of, or &longs;atisfied with this which 

<lb/>you, with admirable proof, and ab&longs;olute truth have &longs;poken. 

<lb/></s><s>And yet I now call to mind, that I can by another experiment 

<lb/>remove all &longs;cruple. </s><s>I have &longs;een above in a Chamber, a great 

<lb/>&longs;pherical Looking-gla&longs;&longs;e; let us &longs;end for it hither, and while&longs;t it 

<lb/>is in bringing, let <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> return to con&longs;ider, how great the 

<lb/>clarity is which cometh to the Wall here, under the penthou&longs;e, 

<lb/>from the reflection of the flat gla&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I &longs;ee it is little le&longs;&longs;e &longs;hining, than if the Sun had di&shy;

<lb/>rectly beat upon it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So indeed it is. </s><s>Now tell me, if taking away that &longs;mall 

<lb/>flat gla&longs;&longs;e, we &longs;hould put that great &longs;pherical one in the &longs;ame 

<lb/>place, what effect (think you) would its reflection have upon the 

<lb/>&longs;ame Wall?</s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"/>S<emph.end type="italics"/>IMPL. </s><s>I believe that it would eject upon it a far greater and 

<lb/>more diffu&longs;ed light.</s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"/>S<emph.end type="italics"/>ALV. </s><s>But if the illumination &longs;hould be nothing, or &longs;o 

<lb/>&longs;mall, that you would &longs;car&longs;e di&longs;cern it, what would you &longs;ay 

<lb/>then?</s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"/>S<emph.end type="italics"/>IMPL. </s><s>When I have &longs;een the effect, I will bethink my &longs;elf 

<lb/>of an an&longs;wer.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/067.jpg" pagenum="61"/><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>See here is the gla&longs;&longs;e, which I would have to be placed 

<lb/>clo&longs;e to the other. </s><s>But fir&longs;t let us go yonder towards the reflection 

<lb/>of that flat one, and attentively ob&longs;erve its clarity; &longs;ee how 

<lb/>bright it is here where it &longs;hines, and how di&longs;tinctly one may di&longs;cern 

<lb/>the&longs;e &longs;mall unevenne&longs;&longs;es in the Wall.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I have &longs;een and very well ob&longs;erved the &longs;ame, now place 

<lb/>the other gla&longs;&longs;e by the &longs;ide of the fir&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>See where it is. </s><s>It was placed there a&longs;&longs;oon as you be&shy;

<lb/>gan to look upon the Walls &longs;mall unevenne&longs;&longs;es, and you percei&shy;

<lb/>ved it not, &longs;o great was the encrea&longs;e of the light all over the re&longs;t of 

<lb/>the Wall. </s><s>Now take away the flat gla&longs;&longs;e. </s><s>Behold now all refle&shy;

<lb/>ction removed, though the great convex gla&longs;&longs;e &longs;till remaineth. 

<lb/></s><s>Remove this al&longs;o, and place it there again if you plea&longs;e, and you 

<lb/>&longs;hall &longs;ee no alteration of light in all the Wall. </s><s>See here then de&shy;

<lb/>mon&longs;trated to &longs;en&longs;e, that the reflection of the Sun, made upon a 

<lb/>&longs;pherical convex gla&longs;&longs;e, doth not &longs;en&longs;ibly illuminate the places neer 

<lb/>unto it. </s><s>Now what &longs;ay you to this experiment?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I am afraid that there may be &longs;ome <emph type="italics"/>Leigerdemain,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>u&longs;ed in this affair; yet in beholding that gla&longs;&longs;e I &longs;ee it dart forth 

<lb/>a great &longs;plendor, which dazleth my eyes; and that which im&shy;

<lb/>ports mo&longs;t of all, I &longs;ee it from what place &longs;oever I look upon it; 

<lb/>and I &longs;ee it go changing &longs;ituation upon the &longs;uperficies of the gla&longs;&longs;e, 

<lb/>which way &longs;oever I place my &longs;elf to look upon it; a nece&longs;&longs;ary ar&shy;

<lb/>gument, that the light is livelily reflected towards every &longs;ide, and 

<lb/>con&longs;equently, as &longs;trongly upon all that Wall, as upon my eye.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now you &longs;ee how cautiou&longs;ly and re&longs;ervedly you ought 

<lb/>to proceed in lending your a&longs;&longs;ent to that, which di&longs;cour&longs;e alone re&shy;

<lb/>pre&longs;enteth to you. </s><s>There is no doubt but that this which you &longs;ay, 

<lb/>carrieth with it probability enough, yet you may &longs;ee, how &longs;en&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>ble experience proves the contrary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>How then doth this come to pa&longs;s?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will deliver you my thoughts thereof, but I cannot 

<lb/>tell how you may be plea&longs;'d therewith. </s><s>And fir&longs;t, that lively 

<lb/>&longs;plendor which you &longs;ee upon the gla&longs;s, and which you think occu&shy;

<lb/>pieth a good part thereof, is nothing near &longs;o great, nay is very ex&shy;

<lb/>ceeding &longs;mall; but its liveline&longs;s occa&longs;ioneth in your eye, (by means 

<lb/>of the reflection made on the humidity of the extream parts of the 

<lb/>eye-brows, which di&longs;tendeth upon the pupil) an adventitious irradi&shy;

<lb/>ation, like to that blaze which we think we &longs;ee about the flame of 

<lb/>a candle placed at &longs;ome di&longs;tance; or if you will, you may 

<lb/>re&longs;emble it to the adventitious &longs;plendor of a &longs;tar; for if you &longs;hould 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg168"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>compare the &longs;mall body <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> of the <emph type="italics"/>Canicula,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;een in the day time 

<lb/>with the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope,<emph.end type="italics"/> when it is &longs;een without &longs;uch irradiation, with 

<lb/>the &longs;ame &longs;een by night by the eye it &longs;elf, you will doubtle&longs;s com&shy;

<lb/>prehend that being irradiated, it appeareth above a thou&longs;and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/068.jpg" pagenum="62"/>times bigger than the naked and real body: and a like or greater 

<lb/>augmentation doth the image of the Sun make, which you &longs;ee in 

<lb/>that gla&longs;s. </s><s>I &longs;ay greater, for that it is more lively than the &longs;tar, 

<lb/>as is manife&longs;t from our being able to behold the &longs;tar with much 

<lb/>le&longs;s offence, than this reflection of the gla&longs;s. </s><s>The reverberation 

<lb/>therefore which is to di&longs;pere it &longs;elf all over this wall, cometh from 

<lb/>a &longs;mall part of that gla&longs;s, and that which even now came from 

<lb/>the whole flat gla&longs;s di&longs;per&longs;ed and re&longs;train'd it &longs;elf to a very &longs;mall 

<lb/>part of the &longs;aid wall. </s><s>What wonder is it then, that the fir&longs;t re&shy;

<lb/>flection very lively illuminates, and that this other is almo&longs;t im&shy;

<lb/>perceptible?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg168"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;mall body of 

<lb/>the &longs;tars fringed 

<lb/>round about with 

<lb/>rays, appeareth ve&shy;

<lb/>ry much biggerthan 

<lb/>plain and naked, 

<lb/>and in its native 

<lb/>clarity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I find my &longs;elf more perplexed than ever, and there 

<lb/>pre&longs;ents it &longs;elf unto me the other difficulty, how it can be that 

<lb/>that wall, being of a matter &longs;o ob&longs;cure, and of a &longs;uperficies &longs;o un&shy;

<lb/>poli&longs;h'd, &longs;hould be able to dart from it greater light, than a gla&longs;s 

<lb/>very &longs;mooth and polite.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Greater light it is not, but more univer&longs;al; for as to 

<lb/>the degree of brightne&longs;s, you &longs;ee that the reflection of that &longs;mall 

<lb/>flat gla&longs;s, where it beamed forth yonder under the &longs;hadow of the 

<lb/>penthou&longs;e, illuminateth very much; and the re&longs;t of the wall which 

<lb/>receiveth the reflection of the wall on which the gla&longs;s is placed, 

<lb/>is not in any great mea&longs;ure illuminated, as was the &longs;mall part on 

<lb/>which the reflection of the gla&longs;s fell. </s><s>And if you would under&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tand the whole of this bu&longs;ine&longs;s, you mu&longs;t con&longs;ider that the &longs;uper&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg169"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ficies of that wall's being rough, is the &longs;ame as if it were compo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ed of innumerable &longs;mall &longs;uperficies, di&longs;po&longs;ed according to in&shy;

<lb/>numerable diver&longs;ities of inclinations: among&longs;t which it nece&longs;&longs;a&shy;

<lb/>rily happens, that there are many di&longs;po&longs;ed to &longs;end forth their 

<lb/>reflex rays from them into &longs;uch a place, many others into another: 

<lb/>and in &longs;um, there is not any place to which there comes not very 

<lb/>many rays, reflected from very many &longs;mall &longs;uperficies, di&longs;per&longs;ed 

<lb/>throughout the whole &longs;uperficies of the rugged body, upon which 

<lb/>the rays of the Sun fall. </s><s>From which it nece&longs;&longs;arily follow&shy;

<lb/>eth, That upon any, what&longs;oever, part of any &longs;uperficies, 

<lb/>oppo&longs;ed to that which receiveth the primary incident rays, 

<lb/>there is produced reflex rays, and con&longs;equently illumi&shy;

<lb/>nation. </s><s>There doth al&longs;o follow thereupon, That the &longs;ame 

<lb/>body upon which the illuminating rays fall, beheld from 

<lb/>what&longs;oever place, appeareth all illuminated and &longs;hining: and 

<lb/>therefore the Moon, as being of a &longs;uperficies rugged and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg170"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>not &longs;mooth, beameth forth the light of the Sun on every 

<lb/>&longs;ide, and to all beholders appeareth equally lucid. </s><s>But if 

<lb/>the &longs;urface of it, being &longs;pherical, were al&longs;o &longs;mooth as a gla&longs;s, it 

<lb/>would become wholly invi&longs;ible; fora&longs;much as that &longs;mall part, 

<lb/>from which the image of the Sun &longs;hould be reflected unto the eye 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/069.jpg" pagenum="63"/>of a particular per&longs;on, by rea&longs;on of its great di&longs;tance would be in&shy;

<lb/>vi&longs;ible, as I have &longs;aid before.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg169"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The reflex light 

<lb/>of uneven bodies, is 

<lb/>more univer&longs;al 

<lb/>than that of the 

<lb/>&longs;mooth, &amp; why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg170"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moon, if it 

<lb/>were &longs;mooth and 

<lb/>&longs;leek, would be in&shy;

<lb/>vi&longs;ible.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I am very apprehen&longs;ive of your di&longs;cour&longs;e; yet me&shy;

<lb/>thinks I am able to re&longs;olve the &longs;ame with very little trouble; and 

<lb/>ea&longs;ily to maintain, that the Moon is rotund and polite, and that it 

<lb/>reflects the Suns light unto us in manner of a gla&longs;s; nor there&shy;

<lb/>fore ought the image of the Sun to be &longs;een in the middle of it, &ldquo;for&shy;

<lb/>a&longs;much as the &longs;pecies of the Sun it &longs;elf admits not its &longs;mall figure 

<lb/>to be &longs;een at &longs;o great a di&longs;tance, but the light produced by the 

<lb/>Sun may help us to conceive that it illuminateth the whole Lu&shy;

<lb/>nar Body: a like effect we may &longs;ee in a plate gilded and well 

<lb/>polli&longs;h'd, which touch't by a luminous body, appeareth to him 

<lb/>that beholds it at &longs;ome di&longs;tance to be all &longs;hining; and onely near 

<lb/>at hand one may di&longs;cover in the middle of it the &longs;mall image of 

<lb/>the luminous body.&rdquo;</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Ingenuou&longs;ly confe&longs;&longs;ing my dullne&longs;s of apprehen&longs;ion, 

<lb/>I mu&longs;t tell you, that I under&longs;tand not any thing of this your di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cour&longs;e, &longs;ave onely what concerns the gilt plate: and if you permit 

<lb/>me to &longs;peak freely, I have a great conceit that you al&longs;o under&longs;tand 

<lb/>not the &longs;ame, but have learnt by heart tho&longs;e words written by &longs;ome 

<lb/>one out of a de&longs;ire of contradiction, and to &longs;hew him&longs;elf more intel&shy;

<lb/>ligent than his adver&longs;ary; but it mu&longs;t be to tho&longs;e, which to appear 

<lb/>al&longs;o more wi&longs;e, applaud that which they do not under&longs;tand, and 

<lb/>entertain a greater conceit of per&longs;ons, the le&longs;s they are by them 

<lb/>under&longs;tood: and the writer him&longs;elf may be one of tho&longs;e (of which 

<lb/>there are many) who write what they do not under&longs;tand, and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg171"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>con&longs;equently under&longs;tand not what they write. </s><s>Therefore, o&shy;

<lb/>mitting the re&longs;t, I reply, as to the gilt plate, that if it be flat and 

<lb/>not very big, it may appear at a di&longs;tance very bright, whil&longs;t a great 

<lb/>light beameth upon it, but yet it mu&longs;t be when the eye is in a de&shy;

<lb/>terminate line, namely in that of the reflex rays: and it will ap&shy;

<lb/>pear the more &longs;hining, if it were <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> of &longs;ilver, by means of its 

<lb/>being burni&longs;hed, and apt through the great den&longs;ity of the metal, 

<lb/>to receive a perfect poli&longs;h. </s><s>And though its &longs;uperficies, being very 

<lb/>well brightned, were not exactly plain, but &longs;hould have various in&shy;

<lb/>clinations, yet then al&longs;o would its &longs;plendor be &longs;een many ways; 

<lb/>namely, from as many places as the various reflections, made by 

<lb/>the &longs;everal &longs;uperficies, do reach: for therefore are Diamonds 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg172"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ground to many &longs;ides, that &longs;o their plea&longs;ing lu&longs;tre might be beheld 

<lb/>from many places. </s><s>But if the Plate were very big, though it &longs;hould 

<lb/>be all plain, yet would it not at a di&longs;tance appear all over &longs;hining: 

<lb/>and the better to expre&longs;s my &longs;elf, Let us &longs;uppo&longs;e a very large gilt 

<lb/>plate expo&longs;ed to the Sun, it will &longs;hew to an eye far di&longs;tant, the 

<lb/>image of the Sun, to occupy no more but a certain part of the &longs;aid 

<lb/>plate; to wit, that from whence the reflection of the incident 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/070.jpg" pagenum="64"/>&longs;olar rays come: but it is true that by the vivacity of the light, the 

<lb/>&longs;aid image will appear fringed about with many rays, and &longs;o will 

<lb/>&longs;eem to occupie a far greater part of the plate, than really it doth. 

<lb/></s><s>And to &longs;hew that this is true, when you have noted the particular 

<lb/>place of the plate from whence the reflection cometh, and concei&shy;

<lb/>ved likewi&longs;e how great the &longs;hining place appeared to you, cover the 

<lb/>greater part of that &longs;ame &longs;pace, leaving it only vi&longs;ible about the 

<lb/>mid&longs;t; and all this &longs;hall not any whit dimini&longs;h the apparent &longs;plen&shy;

<lb/>dor to one that beholds it from afar; but you &longs;hall &longs;ee it largely 

<lb/>di&longs;pers'd upon the cloth or other matter, wherewith you covered 

<lb/>it. </s><s>If therefore any one, by &longs;eeing from a good di&longs;tance a &longs;mall 

<lb/>gilt plate to be all over &longs;hining, &longs;hould imagine that the &longs;ame 

<lb/>would al&longs;o even in a plate as broad as the Moon, he is no le&longs;s de&shy;

<lb/>ceived, than if he &longs;hould believe the Moon to be no bigger than 

<lb/>the bottom of a tub. </s><s>If again the plate were turn'd into a &longs;phe&shy;

<lb/>rical &longs;uperficies, the reflection would be &longs;een &longs;trong in but one &longs;ole 

<lb/>particle of it; but yet by rea&longs;on of its liveline&longs;s, it will appear 

<lb/>fringed about with many glittering rays: the re&longs;t of the Ball would 

<lb/>appear according as it was burni&longs;hed; and this al&longs;o onely then 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg173"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>when it was not very much poli&longs;hed, for &longs;hould it be perfectly 

<lb/>brightned, it would appear ob&longs;cure. </s><s>An example of this we 

<lb/>have dayly before our eyes in &longs;ilver ve&longs;&longs;els, which whil&longs;t they are 

<lb/>only boyl'd in the <emph type="italics"/>Argol<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Salt,<emph.end type="italics"/> they are all as white as &longs;now, and 

<lb/>do not reflect any image; but if they be in any part burni&longs;h'd, they 

<lb/>become in that place pre&longs;ently ob&longs;cure: and in them one may &longs;ee the 

<lb/>repre&longs;entation of any thing as in Looking-gla&longs;&longs;es. </s><s>And that chan&shy;

<lb/>to ob&longs;curity, proceeds from nothing el&longs;e but the &longs;moothing and 

<lb/>plaining of a fine grain, which made the &longs;uperficies of the &longs;ilver 

<lb/>rough, and yet &longs;uch, as that it reflected the light into all parts, 

<lb/>whereby it &longs;eemed from all parts equally illuminated: which 

<lb/>&longs;mall unevenne&longs;&longs;es, when they come to be exqui&longs;itely plained by 

<lb/>the burni&longs;h, &longs;o that the reflection of the rays of incidence are all 

<lb/>directed unto one determinate place; then, from that &longs;ame place, 

<lb/>the burni&longs;h'd part &longs;hall &longs;hew much more bright and &longs;hining than 

<lb/>the re&longs;t which is onely whitened by boyling; but from all other 

<lb/>places it looks very ob&longs;cure. </s><s>And note, that the diver&longs;ity of 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg174"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;ights of looking upon burni&longs;h'd &longs;uperficies, occa&longs;ioneth &longs;uch 

<lb/>difference in appearances, that to imitate and repre&longs;ent in picture, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> a poli&longs;h'd Cuirace, one mu&longs;t couple black plains with white, 

<lb/>one &longs;ideways to the other, in tho&longs;e parts of the arms where the 

<lb/>light falleth equally.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg171"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Some write what 

<lb/>they under&longs;tand 

<lb/>not, and therefore 

<lb/>under&longs;tand not 

<lb/>what they write.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg172"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Diamonds ground 

<lb/>to divers &longs;ides, &amp; 

<lb/>why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg173"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Silver burni&longs;hed 

<lb/>appears more ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cuee, than the not 

<lb/>burni&longs;hed, &amp; why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg174"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Burni&longs;h'd Steel 

<lb/>beheld from one 

<lb/>place appears very 

<lb/>bright, and from 

<lb/>another, very ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cure.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If therefore the&longs;e great Philo&longs;ophers would acquie&longs;e 

<lb/>in granting, that the Moon, <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> and the other Planets, were not 

<lb/>of &longs;o bright and &longs;mooth a &longs;urface as a Looking-gla&longs;s, but wanted 

<lb/>&longs;ome &longs;mall matter of it, namely, were as a &longs;ilver plate, onely boyled 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/071.jpg" pagenum="65"/>white, but not burni&longs;hed; would this yet &longs;uffice to the making 

<lb/>of it vi&longs;ible, and apt for darting forth the light of the Sun?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It would &longs;uffice in part; but would not give a light &longs;o 

<lb/>&longs;trong, as it doth being mountainous, and in &longs;um, full of 

<lb/>eminencies and great cavities. </s><s>But the&longs;e Philo&longs;ophers will never 

<lb/>yield it to be le&longs;&longs;e polite than a gla&longs;&longs;e; but far more, if more it 

<lb/>can be imagined; for they e&longs;teeming that to perfect bodies perfect 

<lb/>figures are mo&longs;t &longs;utable; it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that the &longs;phericity of tho&longs;e 

<lb/>C&oelig;le&longs;tial Globes be mo&longs;t exact; be&longs;ides, that if they &longs;hould 

<lb/>grant me &longs;ome inequality, though never &longs;o &longs;mall, I would not 

<lb/>&longs;cruple to take any other greater; for that &longs;uch perfection con&longs;i&longs;t&shy;

<lb/>ing in indivi&longs;ibles, an hair doth as much detract from its perfection 

<lb/>as a mountain.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Here I meet with two difficulties, one is to know the 

<lb/>rea&longs;on why the greater inequality of &longs;uperficies maketh the &longs;tron&shy;

<lb/>ger reflection of light; the other is, why the&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Gen&shy;

<lb/>tlemen are for this exact figure.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will an&longs;wer to the fir&longs;t; and leave to <emph type="italics"/>Simplieius<emph.end type="italics"/> the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg175"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>care of making reply to the &longs;econd. </s><s>You mu&longs;t know therefore, 

<lb/>that the &longs;ame &longs;uperficies happen to be by the &longs;ame light more or le&longs;s 

<lb/>illuminated, according as the rayes of illumination fall upon them 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg176"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>more or le&longs;&longs;e obliquely; &longs;o that the greate&longs;t illumination is where 

<lb/>the rayes are perpendicular. </s><s>And &longs;ee, how I will prove it to your 

<lb/>&longs;en&longs;e. </s><s>I bend this paper, &longs;o, that one part of it makes an angle 

<lb/>upon the other: and expo&longs;ing both the&longs;e parts to the reflection of 

<lb/>the light of that oppo&longs;ite Wall, you &longs;ee how this &longs;ide which re&shy;

<lb/>ceiveth the rayes obliquely, is le&longs;&longs;e &longs;hining than this other, where 

<lb/>the reflection fals at right angles; and ob&longs;erve, that as I by 

<lb/>degrees receive the illumination more obliquely, it groweth 

<lb/>weaker.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg175"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The more rough 

<lb/>&longs;uperficies make 

<lb/>greater reflection 

<lb/>of light, than the 

<lb/>le&longs;s rough.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg176"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Perpendicular 

<lb/>rays illuminate 

<lb/>more than the ob&shy;

<lb/>lique, and why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I &longs;ee the effect, but comprehend not the cau&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If you thought upon it but a minute of an hour, you 

<lb/>would find it; but that I may not wa&longs;te the time, &longs;ee a kind of 

<lb/>demon&longs;tration thereof in <emph type="italics"/>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 7.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The bare &longs;ight of this Figure hath fully &longs;atisfied me, 

<lb/>therefore proceed.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Pray you let me hear you out, for I am not of &longs;o 

<lb/>quick an apprehen&longs;ion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Fancie to your &longs;elf, that all the paralel lines, which you 

<lb/>&longs;ee to depart from the terms A. B. are the rays which fall upon the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg177"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>line C. D. at right angles: then incline the &longs;aid C. D. till it hang 

<lb/>as D. O. now do not you &longs;ee that a great part of tho&longs;e rays which 

<lb/>peirce C. D. pa&longs;s by without touching D. O? </s><s>If therefore D. O. 

<lb/>be illuminated by fewer rays, it is very rea&longs;onable, that the light 

<lb/>received by it be more weak. </s><s>Let us return now to the Moon, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/072.jpg" pagenum="66"/>which being of a &longs;pherical figure, if its &longs;uperficies were &longs;mooth, as 

<lb/>this paper, the parts of its hemi&longs;phere illuminated by the Sun, 

<lb/>which are towards its extremity, would receive much le&longs;s light, 

<lb/>than the middle parts; the rays falling upon them mo&longs;t obliquely, 

<lb/>and upon the&longs;e at right angles; whereupon at the time of full 

<lb/>Moon, when we &longs;ee almo&longs;t its whole Hemi&longs;phere illuminated, the 

<lb/>parts towards the mid&longs;t, would &longs;hew them&longs;elves to us with more 

<lb/>&longs;plendor, than tho&longs;e others towards the circumference: which is 

<lb/>not &longs;o in effect. </s><s>Now the face of the Moon being repre&longs;ented 

<lb/>to me full of indifferent high mountains, do not you &longs;ee how their 

<lb/>tops and continuate ridges, being elevated above the convexity of 

<lb/>the perfect &longs;pherical &longs;uperficies, come to be expo&longs;ed to the view 

<lb/>of the Sun, and accommodated to receive its rays much le&longs;s ob&shy;

<lb/>liquely, and con&longs;equently to appear as luminous as the re&longs;t?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg177"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The more oblique 

<lb/>Rayes illuminate 

<lb/>le&szlig;, and why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>All this I well perceive: and if there are &longs;uch moun&shy;

<lb/>tains, its true, the Sun will dart upon them much more directly 

<lb/>than it would do upon the inclination of a polite &longs;uperficies: but 

<lb/>it is al&longs;o true, that betwixt tho&longs;e mountains all the valleys would 

<lb/>become ob&longs;cure, by rea&longs;on of the va&longs;t &longs;hadows, which in that 

<lb/>time would be ca&longs;t from the mountains, whereas the parts towards 

<lb/>the middle, though full of valleys and hills, by rea&longs;on they have 

<lb/>the Sun elevated, would appear without &longs;hadow, and therefore 

<lb/>more lucid by far than the extreme parts, which are no le&longs;s diffu&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ed with &longs;hadow than light, and yet we can perceive no &longs;uch diffe&shy;

<lb/>rence.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I was ruminating upon the like difficulty.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>How much readier is <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> to apprehend the ob&shy;

<lb/>jections which favour the opinions of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> than their &longs;oluti&shy;

<lb/>ons? </s><s>I have a kind of &longs;u&longs;pition, that he &longs;trives al&longs;o &longs;ometimes to 

<lb/>di&longs;&longs;emble them; and in the pre&longs;ent ca&longs;e, he being of him&longs;elf able 

<lb/>to hit upon the doubt, which yet is very ingenious, I cannot be&shy;

<lb/>lieve but that he al&longs;o was advi&longs;'d of the an&longs;wer; wherefore I will 

<lb/>attempt to wre&longs;t the &longs;ame (as they &longs;ay) out of his mouth. </s><s>There&shy;

<lb/>fore tell me, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> do you think there can be any &longs;hadow, 

<lb/>where the rays of the Sun do &longs;hine?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I believe, nay I am certain that there cannot; for that 

<lb/>it being the grand luminary, which with its rays driveth away dark&shy;

<lb/>ne&longs;s, it is impo&longs;&longs;ible any tenebro&longs;ity &longs;hould remain where it com&shy;

<lb/>eth; moreover, we have the definition, that <emph type="italics"/>Tenebr&aelig; &longs;unt priva&shy;

<lb/>tio luminis.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore the Sun, beholding the Earth, Moon or o&shy;

<lb/>ther opacous body, never &longs;eeth any of its &longs;hady parts, it not ha&shy;

<lb/>ving any other eyes to &longs;ee with, &longs;ave its rays, the conveyers of 

<lb/>light: and con&longs;equently, one &longs;tanding in the Sun would never 

<lb/>&longs;ee any thing of umbrage, fora&longs;much as his vi&longs;ive rays would ever 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/073.jpg" pagenum="67"/>go accompanied with tho&longs;e illuminating beams of the Sun.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This is true, without any contradiction.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But when the Moon is oppo&longs;ite to the Sun, what dif&shy;

<lb/>ference is there between the tract of the rayes of your &longs;ight, and 

<lb/>that motion which the Suns rayes make?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Now I under&longs;tand you; for you would &longs;ay, that the 

<lb/>rayes of the &longs;ight and tho&longs;e of the Sun, moving by the &longs;ame lines, 

<lb/>we cannot perceive any of the ob&longs;cure valleys of the Moon. </s><s>Be 

<lb/>plea&longs;ed to change this your opinion, that I have either &longs;imulation 

<lb/>or di&longs;&longs;imulation in me; for I prote&longs;t unto you, as I am a Gentle&shy;

<lb/>man, that I did not gue&longs;&longs;e at this &longs;olution, nor &longs;hould I have 

<lb/>thought upon it, without your help, or without long &longs;tudy.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The re&longs;olutions, which between you two have been 

<lb/>alledged touching this la&longs;t doubt, hath, to &longs;peak the truth, &longs;atisfi&shy;

<lb/>ed me al&longs;o. </s><s>But at the &longs;ame time this con&longs;ideration of the vi&shy;

<lb/>fible rayes accompanying the rayes of the Sun, hath begotten in me 

<lb/>another &longs;cruple, about the other part, but I know not whether I 

<lb/>can expre&longs;&longs;e it right, or no: for it but ju&longs;t now comming into my 

<lb/>mind, I have not yet methodized it to my mind: but let us &longs;ee if 

<lb/>we can, all together, make it intelligible. </s><s>There is no que&longs;tion, 

<lb/>but that the parts towards the circumference of that poli&longs;h't, but not 

<lb/>burni&longs;h't Hemi&longs;phere, which is illuminated by the Sun, receiving the 

<lb/>rayes obliquely, receive much fewer thereof, than the middle&shy;

<lb/>mo&longs;t parts, which receive them directly. </s><s>And its po&longs;&longs;ible, that a 

<lb/>tract or &longs;pace of <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> twenty degrees in breadth, and which is to&shy;

<lb/>wards the extremity of the Hemi&longs;phere, may not receive more rays 

<lb/>than another towards the middle parts, of but four degree broad: 

<lb/>&longs;o that that doubtle&longs;s will be much more ob&longs;cure than this; and 

<lb/>&longs;uch it will appear to whoever &longs;hall behold them both in the face, 

<lb/>or (as I may &longs;ay) in their full magnitude. </s><s>But if the eye of the 

<lb/>beholder were con&longs;tituted in &longs;uch a place, that the breadth of the 

<lb/>twenty degrees of the ob&longs;cure &longs;pace, appeared not to it longer 

<lb/>than one of four degrees, placed in the mid&longs;t of the Hemi&longs;phere, 

<lb/>I hold it not impo&longs;&longs;ible for it to appear to the &longs;aid beholder e&shy;

<lb/>qually clear and lucid with the other; becau&longs;e, finally, between 

<lb/>two equal angles, to wit, of four degrees apiece, there come to 

<lb/>the eye the reflections of two equal numbers of rayes: namely, 

<lb/>tho&longs;e which are reflected from the middlemo&longs;t &longs;pace, four degrees 

<lb/>in breadth, and tho&longs;e reflected from the other of twenty degrees, 

<lb/>but &longs;een by compre&longs;&longs;ion, under the quantity of four degrees: and 

<lb/>&longs;uch a &longs;ituation &longs;hall the eye obtain, when it is placed between the 

<lb/>&longs;aid Hemi&longs;phere, and the body which illuminates it; for then the 

<lb/>&longs;ight and rayes move in the &longs;ame lines. </s><s>It &longs;eemeth not impo&longs;&longs;ible 

<lb/>therefore, but that the Moon may be of a very equal &longs;uperficies; 

<lb/>and that neverthele&longs;&longs;e, it may appear when it is at the full, no le&longs;s 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/074.jpg" pagenum="68"/>light in the extremities, than in the middle parts.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The doubt is ingenious and worthy of con&longs;ideration; 

<lb/>and as it but ju&longs;t now came into your mind unawares, &longs;o I will 

<lb/>like wi&longs;e an&longs;wer with what fir&longs;t comes into my thoughts, and it may 

<lb/>happily fall out, that by thinking more upon it, I may &longs;tumble 

<lb/>upon a better reply. </s><s>But before, that I labyrinth my &longs;elf any far&shy;

<lb/>ther, it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary, that we a&longs;&longs;ure our &longs;elves by &longs;ome ex&shy;

<lb/>periment, whether your objection prove in effect, what it &longs;eemeth 

<lb/>to conclude in appearance; and therefore taking once more the 

<lb/>&longs;ame paper, and making it to incline, by bending a little part 

<lb/>thereof upon the remainder, let us try whether expo&longs;ing it to the 

<lb/>Sun, &longs;o that the rayes of light fall upon the le&longs;&longs;er part directly, 

<lb/>and upon the other obliquely; this which receiveth the rayes direct&shy;

<lb/>ly appeareth more lucid; and &longs;ee here by manife&longs;t experience, 

<lb/>that it is notably more clear. </s><s>Now if your objection be conclu&longs;ive, 

<lb/>it will follow, that &longs;tooping with our eye &longs;o, that in beholding 

<lb/>the other greater part, le&longs;s illuminated, in compre&longs;&longs;ion or fore&shy;

<lb/>&longs;hortning, it appear unto us no bigger than the other, more &longs;hining; 

<lb/>and that con&longs;equently, it be not beheld at a greater angle than 

<lb/>that; it will nece&longs;&longs;arily en&longs;ue, I &longs;ay, that its light be encrea&longs;ed, &longs;o 

<lb/>that it do &longs;eem to us as bright as the other. </s><s>See how I behold, and 

<lb/>look upon it &longs;o obliquely, that it appeareth to me narrower than 

<lb/>the other; but yet, notwith&longs;tanding its ob&longs;curity, doth not to 

<lb/>my perceiving, at all grow clearer. </s><s>Try now if the &longs;ame &longs;ucceed 

<lb/>to you.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I have look't upon it, and though I have &longs;tooped with 

<lb/>my eye, yet cannot I &longs;ee the &longs;aid &longs;uperficies encrea&longs;e in light or 

<lb/>clarity; nay me thinks it rather grows more dusky.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We are hitherto confident of the invalidity of the ob&shy;

<lb/>jection; In the next place, as to the &longs;olution, I believe, that, by 

<lb/>rea&longs;on the Superficies of this paper is little le&longs;&longs;e than &longs;mooth, the 

<lb/>rayes are very few, which be reflected towards the point of inci&shy;

<lb/>dence, in compari&longs;on of the multitude, which are reflected to&shy;

<lb/>wards the oppo&longs;ite parts; and that of tho&longs;e few more and more 

<lb/>are lo&longs;t, the nearer the vi&longs;ive rayes approach to tho&longs;e lucid rayes 

<lb/>of incidence; and becau&longs;e it is not the incident rayes, but tho&longs;e 

<lb/>which are reflected to the eye, that make the object appear lu&shy;

<lb/>minous; therefore, in &longs;tooping the eye, there is more lo&longs;t than got, 

<lb/>as you your &longs;elf confe&longs;&longs;e to have &longs;een in looking upon the ob&longs;cu&shy;

<lb/>rer part of the paper.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I re&longs;t &longs;atisfied with this experiment and rea&longs;on: It re&shy;

<lb/>mains now, that <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> an&longs;wer to my other que&longs;tion, and tell 

<lb/>me what moves the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> to require this &longs;o exact rotundity 

<lb/>in the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>The C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies being ingenerable, inalterable, im&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/075.jpg" pagenum="69"/>pa&longs;&longs;ible, immortal, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> they mu&longs;t needs be ab&longs;olutely perfect; and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg178"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>their being ab&longs;olute perfect, nece&longs;&longs;arily implies that there is in them 

<lb/>all kinds of perfection; and con&longs;equently, that their figure be al&longs;o 

<lb/>perfect, that is to &longs;ay, &longs;pherical; and ab&longs;olutely and perfectly 

<lb/>&longs;pherical, and not rough and irregular.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg178"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Perfect &longs;phericity 

<lb/>why a&longs;cribed to 

<lb/>C&oelig;lestial bodies, 

<lb/>by the<emph.end type="italics"/> Peripate&shy;

<lb/>ticks.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And this incorruptibility, from whence do you prove 

<lb/>it?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Immediately by its freedom from contraries, and me&shy;

<lb/>diately, by its &longs;imple circular motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that; by what I gather from your di&longs;cour&longs;e, in ma&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg179"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>king the e&longs;&longs;ence of the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies to be incorruptible, inal&shy;

<lb/>terable, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c,<emph.end type="italics"/> there is no need of rotundity as a cau&longs;e, or requi&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ite; for if this &longs;hould cau&longs;e inalterability, we might at our plea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ure make wood, wax, and other Elementary matters, incorrup&shy;

<lb/>tible, by reducing them to a &longs;pherical figure.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg179"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Figure is not 

<lb/>the cau&longs;e of incor&shy;

<lb/>ruptibility, but of 

<lb/>longer duration.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>And is it not manife&longs;t that a ball of Wood will better 

<lb/>and longer be preferved, than an oblong, or other angular fi&shy;

<lb/>gure, made of a like quantity of the &longs;ame wood.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is mo&longs;t certain, but yet it doth not of corruptible 

<lb/>become incorruptible, but &longs;till remains corruptible, though of a 

<lb/>much longer duration. </s><s>Therefore you mu&longs;t note, that a thing cor&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg180"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ruptible, is capable of being more or le&longs;&longs;e &longs;uch, and we may 

<lb/>properly &longs;ay this is le&longs;&longs;e corruptible than that; as for example, the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ja&longs;per,<emph.end type="italics"/> than the <emph type="italics"/>Pietra Sirena<emph.end type="italics"/>; but incorruptibility admits not 

<lb/>of more, or le&longs;&longs;e, &longs;o as that it may be &longs;aid this is more incorrupti&shy;

<lb/>ble than that, if both be incorruptible and eternal. </s><s>The diver&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg181"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;ity of figure therefore cannot operate: &longs;ave onely in matters ca&shy;

<lb/>pable of more or le&longs;&longs;e duration; but in the eternal, which can&shy;

<lb/>not be other than equally eternal, the operation of figure cea&longs;eth. 

<lb/></s><s>And therefore, &longs;ince the C&oelig;le&longs;tial matter is not incorruptible by 

<lb/>figure, but otherwayes no man needs to be &longs;o &longs;olicitous for this 

<lb/>perfect &longs;phericity; for if the matter be incorruptible, let it have 

<lb/>what figure it will, it &longs;hall be alwayes &longs;uch.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg180"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Corruptibility ad&shy;

<lb/>mits of more or 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e; &longs;o doth noe 

<lb/>incorruptibiliiy.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg181"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The perfection of 

<lb/>figure, operateth 

<lb/>in corruptible bo&shy;

<lb/>dies, but not in the 

<lb/>eternal.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But I am con&longs;idering another thing, and &longs;ay, that if 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg182"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>we &longs;hould grant the &longs;pherical figure a faculty of conferring incor&shy;

<lb/>ruptibility, all bodies of what&longs;oever figure, would be incorrupti&shy;

<lb/>ble; fora&longs;much as if the rotund body be incorruptible, corrupti&shy;

<lb/>bility would then &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;t in tho&longs;e parts which alter the perfect ro&shy;

<lb/>tundity; as for in&longs;tance, there is in a <emph type="italics"/>Die<emph.end type="italics"/> a body perfectly round, 

<lb/>and, as &longs;uch, incorruptible; therefore it remaineth that tho&longs;e an&shy;

<lb/>gles be corruptible which cover and hide the rotundity; &longs;o that 

<lb/>the mo&longs;t that could happen, would be, that tho&longs;e angles, and 

<lb/>(to &longs;o &longs;peak) excre&longs;cencies, would corrupt. </s><s>But if we proceed to a 

<lb/>more inward con&longs;ideration, that in tho&longs;e parts al&longs;o towards the 

<lb/>angles, there are compri&longs;ed other le&longs;&longs;er bals of the &longs;ame matter; 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/076.jpg" pagenum="70"/>and therefore they al&longs;o, as being round, mu&longs;t be al&longs;o incorrup&shy;

<lb/>tible; and likewife in the remainders, which environ the&longs;e eight 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;er Spheres, a man may under&longs;tand that there are others: &longs;o 

<lb/>that in the end, re&longs;olving the whole <emph type="italics"/>Die<emph.end type="italics"/> into innumerable balls, 

<lb/>it mu&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arily be granted incorruptible. </s><s>And the &longs;ame di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cour&longs;e and re&longs;olution may be made in all other figures.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg182"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>If the &longs;pherical fi&shy;

<lb/>gure conferreth e&shy;

<lb/>ternity, all bodies 

<lb/>would be eternal.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Your method in making the conclu&longs;ion, for if <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> a 

<lb/>round Chry&longs;tal were, by rea&longs;on of its figure, incorruptible; namely, 

<lb/>received from thence a faculy of re&longs;i&longs;ting all internal and external 

<lb/>alterations, we &longs;hould not find, that the joyning to it other Chry&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tal, and reducing it <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> into a Cube, would any whit alter it 

<lb/>within, or without; &longs;o as that it would thereupon become le&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>apt to re&longs;i&longs;t the new ambient, made of the &longs;ame matter, than it 

<lb/>was to re&longs;i&longs;t the other, of a matter different; and e&longs;pecially, if 

<lb/>it be true, that corruption is generated by contraries, as <emph type="italics"/>Ari&shy;

<lb/>&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aith; and with what can you enclo&longs;e that ball of Cry&longs;tal, 

<lb/>that is le&longs;&longs;e contrary to it, than Cry&longs;tal it &longs;elf? </s><s>But we are not a&shy;

<lb/>ware how time flies away; and it will be too late before we come 

<lb/>to an end of our di&longs;pute, if we &longs;hould make &longs;o long di&longs;cour&longs;es, 

<lb/>upon every particular; be&longs;ides our memories are &longs;o confounded 

<lb/>in the multiplicity of notions, that I can very hardly recal to 

<lb/>mind the Propot&longs;iions, which I propo&longs;ed in order to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>for our con&longs;ideration.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I very well remember them: And as to this particular 

<lb/>que&longs;tion of the montuo&longs;ity of the Moon, there yet remains un&shy;

<lb/>an&longs;wered that which I have alledged, as the cau&longs;e, (and which 

<lb/>may very well &longs;erve for a &longs;olution) of that <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;nomenon,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aying, 

<lb/>that it is an illu&longs;ion proceeding from the parts of the Moon, be&shy;

<lb/>ing unequally opacous, and per&longs;picuous.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Even now, when <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> a&longs;cribed the apparent Pro&shy;

<lb/>tnberancies or unevenne&longs;&longs;es of the Moon (according to the opinion 

<lb/>of a certain <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> his friend) to the diver&longs;ly opacous, and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg183"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>per&longs;picuous parts of the &longs;aid Moon, conformable to which the like 

<lb/>illu&longs;ions are &longs;een in Cry&longs;tal, and Jems of divers kinds, I bethought 

<lb/>my &longs;elf of a matter much more commodious for the repre&longs;enting 

<lb/>&longs;uch effects; which is &longs;uch, that I verily believe, that that Philo&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>pher would give any price for it; and it is the mother of Pearl, which 

<lb/>is wrought into divers figures, and though it be brought to an ex&shy;

<lb/>treme evenne&longs;&longs;e, yet it &longs;eemeth to the eye in &longs;everal parts, &longs;o vari&shy;

<lb/>ou&longs;ly hollow and knotty, that we can &longs;carce credit our feeling of 

<lb/>their evenne&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg183"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Mother of Pearl 

<lb/>accommodated to 

<lb/>imitate the appa&shy;

<lb/>rent unevenne&longs;&longs;es 

<lb/>of the Moons &longs;ur&shy;

<lb/>face.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This invention is truly ingenious; and that which hath 

<lb/>not been done already, may be done in time to come; and if 

<lb/>there have been produced other Jems, and Cry&longs;tals, which have 

<lb/>nothing to do with the illu&longs;ions of the mother of Pearl, the&longs;e may 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/077.jpg" pagenum="71"/>be produced al&longs;o; in the mean time, that I may not prevent any 

<lb/>one, I will &longs;uppre&longs;&longs;e the an&longs;wer which might be given, and onely 

<lb/>for this time betake my &longs;elf to &longs;atisfie the objections brought by 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/> I &longs;ay therefore, that this rea&longs;on of yours is too ge&shy;

<lb/>neral, and as you apply it not to all the appearances one by one; 

<lb/>which are &longs;een in the Moon, and for which my &longs;elf and others 

<lb/>are induced to hold it mountainous, I believe you will not find 

<lb/>any one that will be &longs;atisfied with &longs;uch a doctrine; nor can I think, 

<lb/>that either you, or the Author him&longs;elf, find in it any greater 

<lb/>quietude, than in any other thing wide from the purpo&longs;e. </s><s>Of the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg184"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>very many &longs;everal appearances which are &longs;een night by night in 

<lb/>the cour&longs;e of Moon, you cannot imitate &longs;o much as one, by making 

<lb/>a Ball at your choice, more or le&longs;s opacous and per&longs;picuous, and 

<lb/>that is of a polite &longs;uperficies; whereas on the contrary, one may 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg185"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>make Balls of any &longs;olid matter what&longs;oever, that is not tran&longs;parent, 

<lb/>which onely with eminencies and cavities, and by receiving the il&shy;

<lb/>lumination &longs;everal ways, &longs;hall repre&longs;ent the &longs;ame appearances and 

<lb/>mutations to an hair, which from hour to hour are di&longs;covered in 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg186"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the Moon. </s><s>In them you &longs;hall &longs;ee the ledges of Hills expo&longs;ed to 

<lb/>the Suns light, to be very &longs;hining, and after them the projections 

<lb/>of their &longs;hadows very ob&longs;cure; you &longs;hall &longs;ee them greater and le&longs;s, 

<lb/>according as the &longs;aid eminencies &longs;hall be more or le&longs;s di&longs;tant from 

<lb/>the confines which di&longs;tingui&longs;h the parts of the Moon illuminated, 

<lb/>from the ob&longs;cure: you &longs;hall &longs;ee the &longs;ame term and confine, not 

<lb/>equally diftended, as it would be if the Ball were poli&longs;h'd, but 

<lb/>craggie and rugged. </s><s>You &longs;hall &longs;ee beyond the &longs;ame term, in the 

<lb/>dark parts of the Moon many bright prominencies, and di&longs;tinct 

<lb/>from the re&longs;t of the illuminations: you &longs;hall &longs;ee the &longs;hadows a&shy;

<lb/>fore&longs;aid, according as the illumination gradually ri&longs;eth, to demi&shy;

<lb/>ni&longs;h by degrees, till they wholly di&longs;appear; nor are there any of 

<lb/>them to be &longs;een when the whole Hemi&longs;phere is enlightned. </s><s>A&shy;

<lb/>gain on the contrary, in the lights pa&longs;&longs;age towards the other He&shy;

<lb/>mi&longs;phere of the Moon, you &longs;hall again ob&longs;erve the &longs;ame eminen&shy;

<lb/>cies that were marked, and you &longs;hall &longs;ee the projections of their 

<lb/>&longs;hadows to be made a contrary way, and to decrea&longs;e by degrees: 

<lb/>of which things, once more I &longs;ay, you cannot &longs;hew me &longs;o much as 

<lb/>one in yours that are opacous and per&longs;picuous.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg184"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The apparent un&shy;

<lb/>evenne&longs;&longs;es of the 

<lb/>Moon cannot be i&shy;

<lb/>mitated by way of 

<lb/>more and le&longs;s opa&shy;

<lb/>city &amp; per&longs;picuity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg185"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The various a&shy;

<lb/>&longs;pects of the Moon, 

<lb/>imitable with any 

<lb/>opacous matter.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg186"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Various appear an&shy;

<lb/>ces from which the 

<lb/>Moons montuo&longs;ity 

<lb/>is argued.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>One of them certainly he may imitate, namely, that of 

<lb/>the Full-Moon, when by rea&longs;on of its being all illuminated, there 

<lb/>is not to be &longs;een either &longs;hadow, or other thing, which receiveth 

<lb/>any alteration from its eminencies and cavities. </s><s>But I be&longs;eech 

<lb/>you, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> let us &longs;pend no more time on this Argument, for 

<lb/>a per&longs;on that hath had but the patience to make ob&longs;ervation of but 

<lb/>one or two Lunations, and is not &longs;atisfied with this mo&longs;t &longs;en&longs;ible 

<lb/>truth, may well be adjudged void of all judgment; and upon 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/078.jpg" pagenum="72"/>&longs;uch why &longs;hould we throw away our time and breath in vain?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPI. </s><s>I mu&longs;t confe&longs;s I have not made the ob&longs;ervations, for 

<lb/>that I never had &longs;o much curio&longs;ity, or the In&longs;truments proper for 

<lb/>the bu&longs;ine&longs;s; but I will not fail to do it. </s><s>In the mean time, we 

<lb/>may leave this que&longs;tion in &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;e, and pa&longs;s to that point which 

<lb/>follows, producing the motives inducing you to think that the 

<lb/>Earth may reflect the light of the Sun no le&longs;s forceably than the 

<lb/>Moon, for it &longs;eems to me &longs;o ob&longs;cure and opacous, that I judg &longs;uch 

<lb/>an effect altogether impo&longs;&longs;ible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The cau&longs;e for which you repute the Earth unapt for 

<lb/>illumination, may rather evince the contrary: And would it not 

<lb/>be &longs;trange, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> if I &longs;hould apprehend your di&longs;cour&longs;es bet&shy;

<lb/>ter than you your &longs;elf?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Whether I argue well or ill, it may be, that you may 

<lb/>better under&longs;tand the &longs;ame than I; but be it ill or well that I 

<lb/>di&longs;cour&longs;e, I &longs;hall never believe that you can penetrate what I mean 

<lb/>better than I my &longs;elf.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Well, I will make you believe the &longs;ame pre&longs;ently. </s><s>Tell 

<lb/>me a little, when the Moon is near the Full, &longs;o that it may be &longs;een 

<lb/>by day, and al&longs;o at midnight, at what do you think it more &longs;plen&shy;

<lb/>did, by day or by night?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>By night, without all compari&longs;on. </s><s>And methinks 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg187"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the Moon re&longs;embleth that pillar of Clouds and pillar of Fire, 

<lb/>which guided the <emph type="italics"/>I&longs;raelites<emph.end type="italics"/>; which at the pre&longs;ence of the Sun, 

<lb/>appeared like a Cloud, but in the night was very glorious. </s><s>Thus 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg188"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>I have by day ob&longs;erved the Moon amid&longs;t certain &longs;mall Clouds, 

<lb/>ju&longs;t as if one of them had been coloured white, but by night it 

<lb/>&longs;hines with much &longs;plendor.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg187"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moon ap&shy;

<lb/>pears brighter by 

<lb/>night than by day.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg188"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moon be&shy;

<lb/>held in the day 

<lb/>time, is like to a 

<lb/>little cloud.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that if you had never happened to &longs;ee the Moon, 

<lb/>&longs;ave onely in the day time, you would not have thought it more 

<lb/>&longs;hining than one of tho&longs;e Clouds.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I verily believe I &longs;hould not.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Tell me now; do you believe that the Moon is really 

<lb/>more &longs;hining in the night than day, or that by &longs;ome accident it 

<lb/>&longs;eemeth &longs;o?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I am of opinion, that it re&longs;plends in it &longs;elf as much in 

<lb/>the day as night, but that its light appears greater by night, be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e we behold it in the dark mantle of Heaven; and in the day 

<lb/>time, the whole Atmo&longs;phere being very clear, &longs;o that &longs;he little 

<lb/>exceedeth it in lu&longs;tre, &longs;he &longs;eems to us much le&longs;s bright.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now tell me; have you ever at midnight &longs;een the Ter&shy;

<lb/>re&longs;trial Globe illuminated by the Sun?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This &longs;eemeth to me a que&longs;tion not to be ask'd, unle&longs;s 

<lb/>in je&longs;t, or of &longs;ome per&longs;on known to be altogether void of &longs;en&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. No, no; I e&longs;teem you to be a very rational man, and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/079.jpg" pagenum="73"/>do ask the que&longs;tion &longs;eriou&longs;ly; and therefore an&longs;wer me: and if 

<lb/>afterwards you &longs;hall think that I &longs;peak impertinently, I will be 

<lb/>content to be the &longs;en&longs;ele&longs;s man: for he is much more a fool who 

<lb/>interrogates &longs;imply, than he to whom the que&longs;tion is put.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>If then you do not think me altogether &longs;imple, take 

<lb/>it for granted that I have an&longs;wered you already, and &longs;aid, that it 

<lb/>is impo&longs;&longs;ible, that one that is upon the Earth, as we are, &longs;hould &longs;ee 

<lb/>by night that part of the Earth where it is day, namely, that is il&shy;

<lb/>luminated by the Sun.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore you have never &longs;een the Earth enlightned, 

<lb/>&longs;ave onely by day; but you &longs;ee the Moon to &longs;hine al&longs;o in the 

<lb/>dead of night. </s><s>And this is the cau&longs;e, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> which makes 

<lb/>you believe that the Earth doth not &longs;hine like the Moon; but if 

<lb/>you could &longs;ee the Earth illuminated, whil&longs;t you were in &longs;ome dark 

<lb/>place, like our night, you would &longs;ee it &longs;hine brighter than the 

<lb/>Moon. </s><s>Now if you de&longs;ire that the compari&longs;on may proceed 

<lb/>well, you mu&longs;t compare the light of the Earth, with that of the 

<lb/>Moon &longs;een in the day time, and not with the &longs;ame by night: for 

<lb/>it is not in our power to &longs;ee the Earth illuminated, &longs;ave onely in 

<lb/>the day. </s><s>Is it not &longs;o?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>So it ought to be.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And fora&longs;much as you your &longs;elf have already confe&longs;&longs;ed 

<lb/>to have &longs;een the Moon by day among &longs;ome little white Clouds, 

<lb/>and very nearly, as to its a&longs;pect, re&longs;embling one of them; you did 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg189"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>thereby grant, that tho&longs;e Clouds, which yet are Elementary 

<lb/>matters, are as apt to receive illumination, as the Moon, yea 

<lb/>more, if you will but call to mind that you have &longs;ometimes &longs;een 

<lb/>&longs;ome Clouds of va&longs;t greatne&longs;s, and as perfect white as the Snow; 

<lb/>and there is no que&longs;tion, but that if &longs;uch a Cloud could be con&shy;

<lb/>tinued &longs;o luminous in the deep of night, it would illuminate the 

<lb/>places near about it, more than an hundred Moons. </s><s>If therefore 

<lb/>we were a&longs;&longs;ured that the Earth is illuminated by the Sun, like one 

<lb/>of tho&longs;e Clouds, it would be undubitable, but that it would be no 

<lb/>le&longs;s &longs;hining than the Moon. </s><s>But of this there is no que&longs;tion to 

<lb/>be made, in regard we &longs;ee tho&longs;e very Clouds in the ab&longs;ence of 

<lb/>the Sun, to remain by night, as ob&longs;cure as the Earth: and that 

<lb/>which is more, there is not any one of us, but hath &longs;een many 

<lb/>times &longs;ome &longs;uch Clouds low, and far off, and que&longs;tioned whether 

<lb/>they were Clouds or Mountains: an evident &longs;ign that the Moun&shy;

<lb/>tains are no le&longs;s luminous than tho&longs;e Clouds.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg190"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg189"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Clouds are no le&longs;s 

<lb/>apt than the Moon 

<lb/>to be illuminated 

<lb/>by the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg190"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A wall illumina&shy;

<lb/>ted by the Sun, 

<lb/>compared to the 

<lb/>Moon &longs;hineth no 

<lb/>le&longs;s than it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But what needs more di&longs;cour&longs;e? </s><s>See yonder the Moon 

<lb/>is ri&longs;en, and more than half of it illuminated; &longs;ee there that wall, 

<lb/>on which the Sun &longs;hineth; retire a little this way, &longs;o that you &longs;ee 

<lb/>the Moon &longs;ideways with the wall: look now; which of them 

<lb/>&longs;hews more lucid? </s><s>Do not you &longs;ee, that if there is any advantage, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/080.jpg" pagenum="74"/>the wall hath it? </s><s>The Sun &longs;hineth on that wall; from thence it </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg191"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>is reverberated upon the wall of the Hall, from thence it's refle&shy;

<lb/>cted upon that chamber, &longs;o that it falls on it at the third reflection: 

<lb/>and I am very certain, that there is in that place more light, than 

<lb/>if the Moons light had directly faln upon it.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg191"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The third re&longs;le&shy;

<lb/>ction of a Wall illu&shy;

<lb/>minates more than 

<lb/>the fir&longs;t of the 

<lb/>Moon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>But this I cannot believe; for the illumination of the 

<lb/>Moon, e&longs;pecially when it is at the full, is very great.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It &longs;eemeth great by rea&longs;on of the circumjacent dark 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg192"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>places; but ab&longs;olutely it is not much, and is le&longs;s than that of the 

<lb/>twilight half an hour after the Sun is &longs;et; which is manife&longs;t, be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e you &longs;ee not the &longs;hadows of the bodies illuminated by the 

<lb/>Moon till then, to begin to be di&longs;tingui&longs;hed on the Earth. </s><s>Whe&shy;

<lb/>ther, again, that third reflection upon that chamber, illuminates 

<lb/>more than the fir&longs;t of the Moon, may be known by going thether, 

<lb/>and reading a Book, and afterwards &longs;tanding there in the night 

<lb/>by the Moons light, which will &longs;hew by which of them lights one 

<lb/>may read more or le&longs;s plainly, but I believe without further tryal, 

<lb/>that one &longs;hould &longs;ee le&longs;s di&longs;tinctly by this later.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg192"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The light of the 

<lb/>Moon weaker than 

<lb/>that of the twi&shy;

<lb/>light.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Now, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> (if haply you be &longs;atisfied) you may 

<lb/>conceive, as you your &longs;elf know very well, that the Earth doth 

<lb/>&longs;hine no le&longs;s than the Moon; and the only remembring you of &longs;ome 

<lb/>things, which you knew of your &longs;elf, and learn'd not of me, hath 

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;ured you thereof: for I taught you not that the Moon &longs;hews 

<lb/>lighter by night than by day, but you under&longs;tood it of your &longs;elf; 

<lb/>as al&longs;o you could tell me that a little Cloud appeareth as lucid as 

<lb/>the Moon: you knew al&longs;o, that the illumination of the Earth can&shy;

<lb/>not be &longs;een by night; and in a word, you knew all this, without 

<lb/>knowing that you knew it. </s><s>So that you have no rea&longs;on to be &longs;cru&shy;

<lb/>pulous of granting, that the dark part of the Earth may illuminate 

<lb/>the dark part of the Moon, with no le&longs;s a light than that where&shy;

<lb/>with the Moon illuminates the ob&longs;curities of the night, yea rather 

<lb/>&longs;o much the greater, ina&longs;much as the Earth is forty times bigger 

<lb/>than the Moon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I mu&longs;t confe&longs;s that I did believe, that that &longs;econdary 

<lb/>light had been the natural light of the Moon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And this al&longs;o you know of your &longs;elf, and perceive not 

<lb/>that you know it. </s><s>Tell me, do not you know without teaching, 

<lb/>that the Moon &longs;hews it &longs;elf more bright by night than by day, in 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg193"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>re&longs;pect of the ob&longs;curity of the &longs;pace of the ambient? </s><s>and con&longs;e&shy;

<lb/>quently, do you not know <emph type="italics"/>in genere,<emph.end type="italics"/> that every bright body &longs;hews 

<lb/>the clearer, by how much the ambient is ob&longs;curer?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg193"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Luminous bodies 

<lb/>appear the brighter 

<lb/>in an ob&longs;curer<emph.end type="italics"/> am&shy;

<lb/>bient.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This I know very well.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>When the Moon is horned, and that &longs;econdary light 

<lb/>&longs;eemeth to you very bright, is it not ever nigh the Sun, and con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;equently, in the light of the <emph type="italics"/>crepu&longs;culum,<emph.end type="italics"/> (twilight?)</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/081.jpg" pagenum="75"/><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It is &longs;o; and I have oftentimes wi&longs;h'd that the Air 

<lb/>would grow thicker, that I might be able to &longs;ee that &longs;ame light 

<lb/>more plainly; but it ever di&longs;appeared before dark night.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You know then very certainly, that in the depth of 

<lb/>night, that light would be more con&longs;picuous.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I do &longs;o; and al&longs;o more than that, if one could but 

<lb/>take away the great light of the cre&longs;cent illuminated by the Sun, 

<lb/>the pre&longs;ence of which much ob&longs;cureth the other le&longs;&longs;er.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Why, doth it not &longs;ometimes come to pa&longs;s, that one may 

<lb/>in a very dark night &longs;ee the whole face of the Moon, without be&shy;

<lb/>ing at all illuminated by the Sun?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I know not whether this ever happeneth, &longs;ave onely 

<lb/>in the total Ecclip&longs;es of the Moon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Why, at that time this its light would appear very 

<lb/>clear, being in a mo&longs;t ob&longs;cure <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> and not darkned by the 

<lb/>clarity of the luminous cre&longs;cents: but in that po&longs;ition, how light 

<lb/>did it appear to you?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I have &longs;ometimes &longs;een it of the colour of bra&longs;s, and a 

<lb/>little whiti&longs;h; but at other times it hath been &longs;o ob&longs;cure, that I 

<lb/>have wholly lo&longs;t the &longs;ight of it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>How then can that light be &longs;o natural, which you &longs;ee &longs;o 

<lb/>cleer in the clo&longs;e of the twilight, notwith&longs;tanding the impediment 

<lb/>of the great and contiguous &longs;plendor of the cre&longs;cents; and which 

<lb/>again, in the more ob&longs;cure time of night, all other light removed, 

<lb/>appears not at all?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I have heard of &longs;ome that believed that &longs;ame light to 

<lb/>be participated to the&longs;e cre&longs;cents from the other Stars, and in par&shy;

<lb/>ticular from <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> the Moons neighbour.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And this likewi&longs;e is a vanity; becau&longs;e in the time of 

<lb/>its total ob&longs;curation, it ought to appear more &longs;hining than ever; 

<lb/>for you cannot &longs;ay, that the &longs;hadow of the Earth intercepts the 

<lb/>&longs;ight of <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> or the other Stars. </s><s>But to &longs;ay true, it is not at 

<lb/>that in&longs;tant wholly deprived thereof, for that the Terre&longs;trial He&shy;

<lb/>mi&longs;phere, which in that time looketh towards the Moon, is that 

<lb/>where it is night, that is, an intire privation of the light of the Sun. 

<lb/></s><s>And if you but diligently ob&longs;erve, you will very &longs;en&longs;ibly perceive, 

<lb/>that like as the Moon, when it is &longs;harp-horned, doth give very little 

<lb/>light to the Earth; and according as in her the parts illumi&shy;

<lb/>nated by the Suns light do encrea&longs;e: &longs;o likewi&longs;e the &longs;plendor to 

<lb/>our &longs;eeming encrea&longs;eth, which from her is reflected towards us; 

<lb/>thus the Moon, whil&longs;t it is &longs;harp-forked, and that by being between 

<lb/>the Sun and the Earth, it di&longs;covereth a very great part of the Ter&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg194"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>re&longs;trial Hemi&longs;phere illuminated, appeareth very clear: and depart&shy;

<lb/>ing from the Sun, and pa&longs;&longs;ing towards the ^{*}Quadrature, you 

<lb/>may &longs;ee the &longs;aid light by degrees to grow dim; and after the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/082.jpg" pagenum="76"/>Quadrature, the &longs;ame appears very weak, becau&longs;e it continually 

<lb/>lo&longs;eth more and more of the view of the luminous part of the 

<lb/>Earth: and yet it &longs;hould &longs;ucceed quite contrary, if that light were 

<lb/>its own, or communicated to it from the Stars; for then we &longs;hould 

<lb/>&longs;ee it in the depth of night, and in &longs;o very dark an ambient.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg194"></margin.target>*<emph type="italics"/>By the Moons two<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Quadratures <emph type="italics"/>you 

<lb/>are to under&longs;tand 

<lb/>its fir&longs;t and last 

<lb/>quarters, as A&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trologers call them<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Stay a little; for I ju&longs;t now remember, that I have 

<lb/>read in a little modern tract, full of many novelties; &ldquo;That this 

<lb/>&longs;econdary light is not derived from the Stars, nor innate in the 

<lb/>Moon, and lea&longs;t of all communicated by the Earth, but that it is 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg195"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>received from the &longs;ame illumination of the Sun, which, the &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance of the Lunar Globe being &longs;omewhat tran&longs;parent, pene&shy;

<lb/>trateth thorow all its body; but more livelily illuminateth the 

<lb/>&longs;uperficies of the Hemi&longs;phere expo&longs;ed to the rays of the Sun: 

<lb/>and its pro&longs;undity imbuing, and (as I may &longs;ay) &longs;wallowing that 

<lb/>light, after the manner of a cloud or chry&longs;tal, tran&longs;mits it, and 

<lb/>renders it vi&longs;ibly lucid. </s><s>And this (if I remember aright) he 

<lb/>proveth by Authority, Experience and Rea&longs;on; citing <emph type="italics"/>Cleomedes, 

<lb/>Vitellion, Macrobius,<emph.end type="italics"/> and a certain other modern Author: and 

<lb/>adding, That it is &longs;een by experience to &longs;hine mo&longs;t in the days 

<lb/>neare&longs;t the Conjunction, that is, when it is horned, and is chiefly 

<lb/>bright about its limb. </s><s>And he farther writes, That in the Solar 

<lb/>Ecclip&longs;es, when it is under the <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> of the Sun, it may be &longs;een 

<lb/>tran&longs;lucid, and more e&longs;pecially towards its utmo&longs;t Circle. </s><s>And 

<lb/>in the next place, for Arguments, as I think, he &longs;aith, That it not 

<lb/>being able to derive that light either from the Earth, or from the 

<lb/>Stars, or from it &longs;elf, it nece&longs;&longs;arily follows, that it cometh from 

<lb/>the Sun. </s><s>Be&longs;ides that, if you do but grant this &longs;uppo&longs;ition, one 

<lb/>may ea&longs;ily give convenient rea&longs;ons for all the particulars that 

<lb/>occur. </s><s>For the rea&longs;on why that &longs;ecundary light &longs;hews more 

<lb/>lively towards the outmo&longs;t limb, is, the &longs;hortne&longs;s of the &longs;pace 

<lb/>that the Suns rays hath to penetrate, in regard that of the lines 

<lb/>which pa&longs;s through a circle, the greate&longs;t is that which pa&longs;&longs;eth 

<lb/>through the centre, and of the re&longs;t, tho&longs;e which are farthe&longs;t from 

<lb/>it, are always le&longs;s than tho&longs;e that are nearer. </s><s>From the &longs;ame 

<lb/>principle, he &longs;aith, may be &longs;hewn why the &longs;aid light doth not 

<lb/>much dimini&longs;h. </s><s>And la&longs;tly, by this way the cau&longs;e is a&longs;&longs;igned 

<lb/>whence it comes, that that &longs;ame more &longs;hining circle about the 

<lb/>utmo&longs;t edge of the Moon, is &longs;een at the time of the Solar Ec&shy;

<lb/>clip&longs;e, in that part which lyeth ju&longs;t under the <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> of the Sun, 

<lb/>but not in that which is be&longs;ide the <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/>: which happeneth 

<lb/>becau&longs;e the rays of the Sun pa&longs;s directly to our eye, through the 

<lb/>parts of the Moon underneath: but as for the parts which are 

<lb/>be&longs;ides it, they fall be&longs;ides the eye.&rdquo;</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg195"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;econdary 

<lb/>light of the Moon 

<lb/>cau&longs;ed by the Sun, 

<lb/>according to &longs;ome.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If this Philo&longs;opher had been the fir&longs;t Author of this o&shy;

<lb/>pinion, I would not wonder that he &longs;hould be &longs;o affectionate to it, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/083.jpg" pagenum="77"/>as to have received it for truth; but borrowing it from others, I 

<lb/>cannot find any rea&longs;on &longs;ufficient to excu&longs;e him for not perceiving 

<lb/>its fallacies; and e&longs;pecially after he had heard the true cau&longs;e of 

<lb/>that effect, and had it in his power to &longs;atisfie him&longs;elf by a thou&longs;and 

<lb/>experiments, and manife&longs;t circum&longs;tances, that the &longs;ame proceeded 

<lb/>from the reflection of the Earth, and from nothing el&longs;e: and the more 

<lb/>this &longs;peculation makes &longs;omething to be de&longs;ired, in the judgment of 

<lb/>this Author, and of all tho&longs;e who give no credit to it: &longs;o much the 

<lb/>more doth their not having under&longs;tood and remembred it, excu&longs;e 

<lb/>tho&longs;e more rece&longs;s Antients, who, I am very certain, did they now 

<lb/>under&longs;tand it, would without the lea&longs;t repugnance admit thereof. 

<lb/></s><s>And if I may freely tell you what I think, I cannot believe but 

<lb/>that this <emph type="italics"/>Modern<emph.end type="italics"/> doth in his heart believe it; but I rather think, 

<lb/>that the conceit he &longs;hould not be the fir&longs;t Author thereof, did a 

<lb/>little move him to endeavour to &longs;uppre&longs;&longs;e it, or to di&longs;parage it at 

<lb/>lea&longs;t among&longs;t the &longs;imple, who&longs;e number we know to be very 

<lb/>great; and many there are, who much more affect the nume&shy;

<lb/>rous applauds of the people, than the approbation of a few not 

<lb/>vulgar judgments.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Hold good <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> for me thinks, I &longs;ee that you 

<lb/>go not the way to hit the true mark in this your di&longs;cour&longs;e, for the&longs;e 

<lb/>that ^{*} confound all propriety, know al&longs;o how to make them&longs;elves 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg196"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Authors of others inventions, provided they be not &longs;o &longs;tale, 

<lb/>and publick in the Schools and Market-places, as that they are more 

<lb/>then notorious to every one.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg196"></margin.target>* Tendono le pare&shy;

<lb/>te al commune.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Ha! well aimed, you blame me for roving from the 

<lb/>point in hand; but what have you to do with Schools and Mar&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg197"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>kets? </s><s>Is it not all one whether opinions and inventions be new to 

<lb/>men, or the men new to them? </s><s>If you ^{*} contend about the e&shy;

<lb/>&longs;teem of the Founders of Sciences, which in all times do &longs;tart up, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg198"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>you may make your &longs;elf their inventor, even to the Alphabet it 

<lb/>&longs;elf, and &longs;o gain admiration among&longs;t that illiterate rabble; and 

<lb/>though in proce&longs;&longs;e of time your craft &longs;hould be perceived, that 

<lb/>would but little prejudice your de&longs;igne; for that others would 

<lb/>&longs;ucceed them in maintaining the number of your fautors; but let 

<lb/>us return to prove to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> the invalidity of the rea&longs;ons of his 

<lb/>modern Author, in which there are &longs;everal fal&longs;ities, incon&longs;equen&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg199"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>cies, and incredible Paradoxes. </s><s>And fir&longs;t, it is fal&longs;e that this &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>condary light is clearer about the utmo&longs;t limb than in the middle 

<lb/>parts, &longs;o as to form, as it were, a ring or circle more bright than 

<lb/>the re&longs;t of its &longs;pace or contence. </s><s>True it is, indeed, that looking 

<lb/>on the Moon at the time of twilight, at fir&longs;t &longs;ight there is the re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;emblance of &longs;uch a circle, but by an illu&longs;ion ari&longs;ing from the di&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;ity of confines that bound the Moons <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus,<emph.end type="italics"/> which are con&shy;

<lb/>fu&longs;ed by means of this &longs;econdary light; fora&longs;much as on the part 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/084.jpg" pagenum="78"/>towards the Sun it is bounded by the lucid horns of the Moon, 

<lb/>and on the other part, its confining term is the ob&longs;cure tract of the 

<lb/>twilight; who&longs;e relation makes us think the candor of the Moons 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> to be &longs;o much the clearer; the which happens to be ob&shy;

<lb/>fu&longs;cated in the oppo&longs;ite part, by the greater clarity of the cre&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cents; but if this modern Author had e&longs;&longs;aied to make an inter&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg200"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>po&longs;ition between the eye and the primary &longs;plendor, by the ridg of 

<lb/>&longs;ome hou&longs;e, or &longs;ome other &longs;creen, &longs;o as to have left vi&longs;ible only 

<lb/>the gro&longs;e of the Moon, the horns excluded, he might have &longs;een 

<lb/>it all alike luminous.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg197"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Its all one whe&shy;

<lb/>ther opinions be 

<lb/>new to men, or men 

<lb/>new to opinions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg198"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>Conte&longs;tare<emph.end type="italics"/> fal&longs;ly 

<lb/>rendered in the 

<lb/>Latine Tran&longs;lation 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>content are.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg199"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;econdary 

<lb/>light of the Moon 

<lb/>appears in form of 

<lb/>a Ring, that is to 

<lb/>&longs;ay, bright in the 

<lb/>extreme circumfe&shy;

<lb/>rence, and not in 

<lb/>the mid&longs;t, and why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg200"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The may to ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erve the &longs;econda&shy;

<lb/>ry light of the 

<lb/>Moon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL, I think, now I remember, that he writes of his 

<lb/>making u&longs;e of &longs;uch another Artifice, to hide from us the fal&longs;e 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Incidum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Oh! how is this (as I believed) inadvertency of his, 

<lb/>changed into a lie, bordering on ra&longs;hne&longs;&longs;e; for that every one 

<lb/>may frequently make proof of the contrary. </s><s>That in the next 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg201"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>place, at the Suns Eclip&longs;e, the Moons <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> is &longs;een otherwayes 

<lb/>than by privation, I much doubt, and &longs;pecially when the E&shy;

<lb/>clip&longs;e is not total, as tho&longs;e mu&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arily have been, which 

<lb/>were ob&longs;erved by the Author; but if al&longs;o he &longs;hould have di&longs;cove&shy;

<lb/>red &longs;omewhat of light, this contradicts not, rather favoureth our 

<lb/>opinion; for that at &longs;uch a time, the whole Terre&longs;trial Hemi&shy;

<lb/>&longs;phere illuminated by the Sun, is oppo&longs;ite to the Moon, &longs;o that 

<lb/>although the Moons &longs;hadow doth ob&longs;cure a part thereof, yet this 

<lb/>is very &longs;mall in compari&longs;on of that which remains illuminated. 

<lb/></s><s>That which he farther adds, that in this ca&longs;e, the part of the 

<lb/>limb, lying under the Sun, doth appear very lucid, but that 

<lb/>which lyeth be&longs;ides it, not &longs;o; and that to proceed from the co&shy;

<lb/>ming of the &longs;olar rayes directly through that part to the eye, but 

<lb/>not through this, is really one of tho&longs;e fopperies, which di&longs;co 

<lb/>ver the other fictions, of him which relates them: For if it be 

<lb/>requi&longs;ite to the making a &longs;econdary light vi&longs;ible in the lunar <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that the rayes of the Sun came directly through it to our 

<lb/>eyes, doth not this pitiful Philo&longs;opher perceive, that we &longs;hould ne&shy;

<lb/>ver &longs;ee this &longs;ame &longs;econdary light, &longs;ave onely at the Eclip&longs;e of the 

<lb/>Sun? </s><s>And if a part onely of the Moon, far le&longs;&longs;e than half a de&shy;

<lb/>gree, by being remote from the Suns <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus,<emph.end type="italics"/> can deflect or de&shy;

<lb/>viate the rayes of the Sun, &longs;o that they arrive not at our eye; 

<lb/>what &longs;hall it do when it is di&longs;tant twenty or thirty degrees, as it is 

<lb/>at its fir&longs;t apparition? </s><s>and what cour&longs;e &longs;hall the rayes of the Sun 

<lb/>keep, which are to pa&longs;&longs;e thorow the body of the Moon, that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg202"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>they may find out our eye? </s><s>This man doth go &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively con&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>dering what things ought to be, that they may &longs;erve his purpo&longs;e, 

<lb/>but doth not gradually proceed, accommodating his conceits to 

<lb/>the things, as really they are. </s><s>As for in&longs;tance, to make the light 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/085.jpg" pagenum="79"/>of the Sun capable to penetrate the &longs;ub&longs;tance of the Moon, he 

<lb/>makes her in part diaphanous, as is <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> the tran&longs;parence of a cloud, 

<lb/>or cry&longs;tal: but I know not what he would think of &longs;uch a tran&shy;

<lb/>&longs;parency, in ca&longs;e the &longs;olar rayes were to pa&longs;&longs;e a depth of clouds 

<lb/>of above two thou&longs;and miles; but let it be &longs;uppo&longs;ed that he 

<lb/>&longs;hould boldly an&longs;wer, that might well be in the C&oelig;le&longs;tial, which 

<lb/>are quite other things from the&longs;e our Elementary, impure, and 

<lb/>feculent bodies; and let us convict his error by &longs;uch wayes, as 

<lb/>admit him no reply, or (to &longs;ay better) &longs;ubter-fuge. </s><s>If he will 

<lb/>maintain, that the &longs;ub&longs;tance of the Moon is diaphanous, he 

<lb/>mu&longs;t &longs;ay that it is &longs;o, while&longs;t that the rayes of the Sun are to pe&shy;

<lb/>netrate its whole profundity, that is, more than two thou&longs;and 

<lb/>miles; but that if you oppo&longs;e unto them onely one mile, or 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e, they &longs;hould no more penetrate that, than they penetrate 

<lb/>one of our mountains.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg201"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moons<emph.end type="italics"/> Dif&shy;

<lb/>cus <emph type="italics"/>in a &longs;olar E&shy;

<lb/>clip&longs;e can be &longs;een 

<lb/>onely by privation.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg202"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Author of the 

<lb/>Book of conclu&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>ons, accommodates 

<lb/>the things to his 

<lb/>purpo&longs;es, and not 

<lb/>his purpo&longs;es to the 

<lb/>things.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You put me in mind of a man, who would have &longs;old 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg203"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>me a &longs;ecret how to corre&longs;pond, by means of a certain &longs;ympathy of 

<lb/>magnetick needles, with one, that &longs;hould be two or three thou&shy;

<lb/>&longs;and miles di&longs;tant; and I telling him, that I would willingly buy 

<lb/>the &longs;ame, but that I de&longs;ired fir&longs;t to &longs;ee the experiment thereof, 

<lb/>and that it did &longs;uffice me to make it, I being in one Chamber, and 

<lb/>he in the next, he an&longs;wered me, that in &longs;o &longs;mall a di&longs;tance one 

<lb/>could not &longs;o well perceive the operation; whereupon I turn'd him 

<lb/>going, telling him, that I had no mind, at that time, to take a 

<lb/>journey unto <emph type="italics"/>Grand Cairo,<emph.end type="italics"/> or to <emph type="italics"/>Mu&longs;covy,<emph.end type="italics"/> to make the experi&shy;

<lb/>ment; but that, if he would go him&longs;elf, I would perform the 

<lb/>other part, &longs;taying in <emph type="italics"/>Venice.<emph.end type="italics"/> But let us hear whither the dedu&shy;

<lb/>ction of our Author tendeth, and what nece&longs;&longs;ity there is, that he 

<lb/>mu&longs;t grant the matter of the Moon to be mo&longs;t perforable by the 

<lb/>rayes of the Sun, in a depth of two thou&longs;and miles, but more 

<lb/>opacous than one of our mountains, in a thickne&longs;&longs;e of one mile 

<lb/>onely.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg203"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A je&longs;t put upon one 

<lb/>that would &longs;ell a 

<lb/>certain &longs;ecret for 

<lb/>holding corre&longs;pon&shy;

<lb/>dency with a per&longs;on 

<lb/>a thou&longs;and miles 

<lb/>off<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The very mountains of the Moon them&longs;elves are a 

<lb/>proof thereof, which percu&longs;&longs;ed on one &longs;ide of the Sun, do ca&longs;t 

<lb/>on the contrary &longs;ide very dark &longs;hadows, terminate, and more di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tinct by much, than the &longs;hadows of ours; but had the&longs;e moun&shy;

<lb/>tains been diaphanous, we could never have come to the know&shy;

<lb/>ledg of any unevenne&longs;&longs;e in the &longs;uperficies of the Moon, nor have 

<lb/>&longs;een tho&longs;e luminous montuo&longs;ities di&longs;tingui&longs;hed by the terms which 

<lb/>&longs;eparate the lucid parts from the dark: much le&longs;&longs;e, &longs;hould we &longs;ee 

<lb/>this &longs;ame term &longs;o di&longs;tinct, if it were true, that the Suns light did 

<lb/>penetrate the whole thickne&longs;&longs;e of the Moon; yea rather, accord&shy;

<lb/>ing to the Authors own words, we &longs;hould of nece&longs;&longs;ity di&longs;cern the 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;age, and confine, between the part of the Sun &longs;een, and the 

<lb/>part not &longs;een, to be very confu&longs;ed, and mixt with light and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/086.jpg" pagenum="80"/>darkne&longs;&longs;e; for that that matter which admits the pa&longs;&longs;age of the 

<lb/>Suns rayes thorow a &longs;pace of two thou&longs;and miles, mu&longs;t needs be 

<lb/>&longs;o tran&longs;parent, that it would very weakly re&longs;i&longs;t them in a hun&shy;

<lb/>dredth, or le&longs;&longs;er part of that thickne&longs;&longs;e; neverthele&longs;&longs;e, the term 

<lb/>which &longs;eparateth the part illuminated from the ob&longs;cure, is inci&shy;

<lb/>dent, and as di&longs;tinct, as white is di&longs;tinct from black; and e&shy;

<lb/>&longs;pecially where the Section pa&longs;&longs;eth through the part of the Moon, 

<lb/>that is naturally more clear and montanous; but where the old 

<lb/>&longs;pots do part, which are certain plains, that by means of their 

<lb/>&longs;pherical inclination, receive the rayes of the Sun obliquely, 

<lb/>there the term is not &longs;o di&longs;tinct, by rea&longs;on of the more dimme il&shy;

<lb/>lumination. </s><s>That, la&longs;tly, which he &longs;aith, how that the &longs;econdary 

<lb/>light doth not dimini&longs;h and langui&longs;h, according as the Moon en&shy;

<lb/>crea&longs;eth, but con&longs;erveth it &longs;elf continually in the &longs;ame efficacy; 

<lb/>is mo&longs;t fal&longs;e; nay it is hardly &longs;een in the quadrature, when, on 

<lb/>the contrary, it &longs;hould appear more &longs;plendid, and be vi&longs;ible after 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>crepu&longs;culum<emph.end type="italics"/> in the dark of night. </s><s>Let us conclude therefore, 

<lb/>that the Earths reflection is very &longs;trong upon the Moon; and that, 

<lb/>which you ought more to e&longs;teem, we may deduce from thence an&shy;

<lb/>other admirable congruity between the Moon and Earth; name&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg204"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ly, that if it be true, the Planets operate upon the Earth by their 

<lb/>motion and light, the Earth may probably be no le&longs;&longs;e potent in 

<lb/>operating reciprocally upon them with the &longs;ame light, and perad&shy;

<lb/>venture, motion al&longs;o. </s><s>And though it &longs;hould not move, yet may 

<lb/>it retain the &longs;ame operation; becau&longs;e, as it hath been proved al&shy;

<lb/>ready, the action of the light is the &longs;elf &longs;ame, I mean of the light 

<lb/>of the Sun reflected; and motion doth nothing, &longs;ave only vary 

<lb/>the a&longs;pects, which fall out in the &longs;ame manner, whether we make 

<lb/>the Earth move, and the Sun &longs;tand &longs;till, or the contrary.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg204"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earth may re&shy;

<lb/>ciprocally operate 

<lb/>upon C&oelig;le&longs;tial bo&shy;

<lb/>dies, with its light.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>None of the Philo&longs;ophers are found to have &longs;aid, that 

<lb/>the&longs;e inferiour bodies operate on the C&oelig;le&longs;tial, nay, <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> af&shy;

<lb/>firmes the direct contrary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/> and the re&longs;t, who knew not that the Earth and 

<lb/>Moon mutually illuminated each other, are to be excu&longs;ed; but 

<lb/>they would ju&longs;tly de&longs;erve our cen&longs;ure, if while&longs;t they de&longs;ire that 

<lb/>we &longs;hould grant and believe with them, that the Moon operateth 

<lb/>upon the Earth with light, they &longs;hould deny to us, who have 

<lb/>taught them that the Earth illuminates the Moon, the operation 

<lb/>the Earth hath on the Moon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>In &longs;hort, I find in my &longs;elf a great unwillingne&longs;&longs;e to 

<lb/>admit this commerce, which you would per&longs;wade me to be be&shy;

<lb/>twixt the Earth and Moon, placing it, as we &longs;ay, among&longs;t the 

<lb/>number of the Stars; for if there were nothing el&longs;e, the great 

<lb/>&longs;eparation and di&longs;tance between it and the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies, doth 

<lb/>in my opinion nece&longs;&longs;arily conclude a va&longs;t di&longs;parity between them.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/087.jpg" pagenum="81"/><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>See <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> what an inveterate affection and radica&shy;

<lb/>ted opinion can do, &longs;ince it is &longs;o powerful, that it makes you think 

<lb/>that tho&longs;e very things favour you, which you produce again&longs;t 

<lb/>your &longs;elf. </s><s>For if &longs;eparation and di&longs;tance are accidents &longs;ufficient to 

<lb/>per&longs;wade with you a great diver&longs;ity of natures, it mn&longs;t follow that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg205"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>proximity and contiguity import &longs;imilitude. </s><s>Now how much more 

<lb/>neerer is the Moon to the Earth, than to any other of the C&oelig;le&longs;tial 

<lb/>Orbs? </s><s>You mu&longs;t acknowledg therefore, according to your own con&shy;

<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ion (and you &longs;hall have other Philo&longs;ophers bear you company) 

<lb/>that there is a very great affinity betwixt the Earth and Moon. 

<lb/></s><s>Now let us proceed, and &longs;ee whether any thing remains to be con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;idered, touching tho&longs;e objections which you made again&longs;t the re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;emblances that are between the&longs;e two bodies.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg205"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Affinity between 

<lb/>he Earth &amp; Moon 

<lb/>in re&longs;pect of their 

<lb/>vicinity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It re&longs;ts, that we &longs;ay &longs;omething touching the &longs;olidity of 

<lb/>the Moon, which I argued from its being exqui&longs;ite &longs;mooth and 

<lb/>polite, and you from its montuo&longs;ity. </s><s>There is another &longs;cruple al&shy;

<lb/>&longs;o comes into my mind, from an opinion which I have, that the 

<lb/>Seas reflection ought by the equality of its &longs;urface, to be rendered 

<lb/>&longs;tronger than that of the Earth, who&longs;e &longs;uperficies is &longs;o rough and 

<lb/>opacous.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>As to the fir&longs;t objection; I &longs;ay, that like as among the 

<lb/>parts of the Earth, which all by their gravity &longs;trive to approach the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg206"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>neare&longs;t they can po&longs;&longs;ible to the center, &longs;ome of them alwayes are 

<lb/>more remote from it than the re&longs;t, as the mountains more than 

<lb/>the valleys, and that by rea&longs;on of their &longs;olidity and firmne&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>(for if they were of fluid, they would be even) &longs;o the &longs;eeing &longs;ome 

<lb/>parts of the Moon to be elevated above the &longs;phericity of the low&shy;

<lb/>er parts, argueth their hardne&longs;&longs;e; for it is probable that the mat&shy;

<lb/>ter of the Moon is reduced into a &longs;pherical form by the harmoni&shy;

<lb/>ous con&longs;piration of all its parts to the &longs;ame &longs;enten&longs;e. </s><s>Touching 

<lb/>the &longs;econd doubt, my thinks that the particulars already ob&longs;erved 

<lb/>to happen in the Looking-gla&longs;&longs;es, may very well a&longs;&longs;ure us, that the 

<lb/>reflection of light comming from the Sea, is far weaker than that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg207"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>which cometh from Land; under&longs;tanding it alwayes of the 

<lb/>univer&longs;al reflection; for as to that particular, on which the wa&shy;

<lb/>ter being calm, ca&longs;teth upon a determinate place, there is no 

<lb/>doubt, but that he who &longs;hall &longs;tand in that place, &longs;hall &longs;ee a very 

<lb/>great reflection in the water, but every way el&longs;e he &longs;hall &longs;ee the 

<lb/>&longs;urface of the Water more ob&longs;cure than that of the Land; and to 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg208"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>prove it to your &longs;en&longs;es, let us go into yonder Hall, and power 

<lb/>forth a little water upon the Pavement. </s><s>Tell me now, doth not 

<lb/>this wet brick &longs;hew more dull than the other dry ones? </s><s>Doubt&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e it doth, and will &longs;o appear, from what place &longs;oever you be&shy;

<lb/>hold it, except one onely, and this is that way which the light 

<lb/>cometh, that entereth in at yonder window; go backwards 

<lb/>therefore by a little and a little.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/088.jpg" pagenum="82"/><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg206"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Solidity of the 

<lb/>Lunar Globe argu&shy;

<lb/>ed from its being 

<lb/>montainous.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg207"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Seas refle&shy;

<lb/>ction of light much 

<lb/>weaker than that 

<lb/>of the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg208"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An experiment 

<lb/>to prove the refle&shy;

<lb/>ction of the Water 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e clear than 

<lb/>that of the Land.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Here I &longs;ee the we&longs;t part &longs;hine more than all the re&longs;t of 

<lb/>the pavement, and I &longs;ee that it &longs;o hapneth, becau&longs;e the refle&shy;

<lb/>ction of the light which entereth in at the window, cometh to&shy;

<lb/>wards me.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>That moi&longs;ture hath done no more but filled tho&longs;e little 

<lb/>cavities which are in the brick with water, and reduced its &longs;uper&shy;

<lb/>ficies to an exact evene&longs;&longs;e; whereupon the reflex rayes i&longs;&longs;ue 

<lb/>unitedly towards one and the &longs;ame place; but the re&longs;t of the 

<lb/>pavement which is dry, hath its protuberances, that is, an innu&shy;

<lb/>merable variety of inclinations in its &longs;malle&longs;t particles; whereup&shy;

<lb/>on the reflections of the light &longs;catter towards all parts, but more 

<lb/>weakly than if they had gone all united together; and therefore, 

<lb/>the &longs;ame &longs;heweth almo&longs;t all alike, beheld &longs;everal wayes, but far 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e clear than the moi&longs;tned brick. </s><s>I conclude therefore, that the 

<lb/>&longs;urface of the Sea, beheld from the Moon, in like manner, as it 

<lb/>would appear mo&longs;t equal, (the I&longs;lands and Rocks deducted) &longs;o it 

<lb/>would &longs;hew le&longs;&longs;e clear than that of the Earth, which is montanous 

<lb/>and uneven. </s><s>And but that I would not &longs;eem, as the &longs;aying is, 

<lb/>to harp too much on one &longs;tring, I could tell you that I have ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erved in the Moon that &longs;econdary light which I told you came to 

<lb/>her from the reflection of the Terre&longs;trial Globe, to be notably 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg209"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>more clear two or three dayes before the conjunction, than after, 

<lb/>that is, when we &longs;ee it before break of day in the Ea&longs;t, than 

<lb/>when it is &longs;een at night after Sun-&longs;et in the We&longs;t; of which dif&shy;

<lb/>ference the cau&longs;e is, that the Terre&longs;trial Hemi&longs;phere, which looks 

<lb/>towards the Ea&longs;tern Moon, hath little Sea, and much Land, to 

<lb/>wit, all <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;ia,<emph.end type="italics"/> whereas, when it is in the We&longs;t, it beholds very 

<lb/>great Seas, that is, the whole <emph type="italics"/>Atlantick<emph.end type="italics"/> Ocean as far as <emph type="italics"/>America:<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>An Argument &longs;ufficiently probable that the &longs;urface of the water 

<lb/>appears le&longs;&longs;e &longs;plendid than that of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg209"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;econdary 

<lb/>light of the Moon 

<lb/>clearer before the 

<lb/>conjunction, than 

<lb/>after.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>So that perhaps you believe, tho&longs;e great &longs;pots di&longs;co&shy;

<lb/>vered in the face of the Moon, to be Seas, and the other clearer 

<lb/>parts to be Land, or &longs;ome &longs;uch thing?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This which you ask me, is the beginning of tho&longs;e in&shy;

<lb/>congruities which I e&longs;teem to be between the Moon and the 

<lb/>Earth, out of which it is time to di&longs;-ingage our &longs;elves, for we 

<lb/>have &longs;tayed too long in the Moon. </s><s>I &longs;ay therefore, that if there 

<lb/>were in nature but one way onely, to make two &longs;uperficies illu&longs;tra&shy;

<lb/>ted by the Sun, to appear one more clear than the other, and 

<lb/>that this were by the being of the one Earth, and the other Wa&shy;

<lb/>ter; it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary to &longs;ay that the &longs;urface of the Moon 

<lb/>were part earthy and part aquatick; but becau&longs;e we know many 

<lb/>wayes to produce the &longs;ame effect (and others there may be which 

<lb/>we know not of;) therefore I dare not affirm the Moon to con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;i&longs;t of one thing more than another: It hath been &longs;een already 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/089.jpg" pagenum="83"/>that a &longs;ilver plate boiled, being toucht with the Burni&longs;her, be&shy;

<lb/>cometh of white ob&longs;cure; that the moi&longs;t part of the Earth &longs;hews 

<lb/>more ob&longs;cure than the dry; that in the tops of Hills, the woody 

<lb/>parts appear more gloomy than the naked and barren; which 

<lb/>hapneth becau&longs;e there falleth very much &longs;hadow among the Trees, 

<lb/>but the open places are illuminated all over by the Sun. </s><s>And this 

<lb/>mixtion of &longs;hadow hath &longs;uch operation, that in tu&longs;ted velvet, the 

<lb/>&longs;ilk which is cut, is of a far darker colour than that which is not 

<lb/>cut, by means of the &longs;hadows diffu&longs;ed betwixt thred and thred, 

<lb/>and a plain velvet &longs;hews much blacker than a Taffata, made of the 

<lb/>&longs;ame &longs;ilk. </s><s>So that if there were in the Moon things which &longs;hould 

<lb/>look like great Woods, their a&longs;pect might repre&longs;ent unto us the 

<lb/>&longs;pots which we di&longs;cover; alike difference would be occa&longs;ioned, if 

<lb/>there were Seas in her: and la&longs;tly, nothing hindreth, but that tho&longs;e 

<lb/>&longs;pots may really be of an ob&longs;curer colour than the re&longs;t; for thus 

<lb/>the &longs;now makes the mountains &longs;hew brighter. </s><s>That which is plain&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg210"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ly ob&longs;erved in the Moon is, that its mo&longs;t ob&longs;cure parts are all 

<lb/>plains, with few ri&longs;es and bancks in them; though &longs;ome there be; 

<lb/>the re&longs;t which is of a brighter colour, is all full of rocks, moun&shy;

<lb/>tains, hillocks of &longs;pherical and other figures; and in particular, round 

<lb/>about the &longs;pots are very great ledges of mountains. </s><s>That the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg211"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;pots be plain &longs;uperficies, we have a&longs;&longs;uredproof, in that we &longs;ee, 

<lb/>how that the term which di&longs;tingui&longs;heth the part illuminated from 

<lb/>the ob&longs;cure, in cro&longs;&longs;ing the &longs;pots makes the inter&longs;ection even, but 

<lb/>in the clear parts it &longs;hews all craggy and &longs;hagged. </s><s>But I know not 

<lb/>as yet whether this evenne&longs;&longs;e of &longs;uperficies may be &longs;ufficient of it 

<lb/>&longs;elf alone, to make the ob&longs;curity appear, and I rather think not. 

<lb/></s><s>Be&longs;ides, I account the Moon exceeding different from the Earth; 

<lb/>for although I imagine to my &longs;elf that tho&longs;e are not idle and dead 

<lb/>Regions, yet I affirm not, that there are in them motion and life, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg212"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>much le&longs;s that there are bred plants, animals or other things like 

<lb/>to ours; but, if &longs;uch there be, they &longs;hould neverthele&longs;s be very 

<lb/>different, and remote from our imagination. </s><s>And I am induced &longs;o 

<lb/>to think, becau&longs;e in the fir&longs;t place, I e&longs;teem that the matter of the 

<lb/>Lunar Globe con&longs;i&longs;ts not of Earth and Water; and this alone 

<lb/>&longs;ufficeth to take away the generations and alterations re&longs;embling 

<lb/>ours: but now &longs;uppo&longs;ing that there were in the Moon, Water and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg213"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Earth, yet would they not produce plants and animals like to 

<lb/>ours; and this for two principal rea&longs;ons: The fir&longs;t is, that unto our 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg214"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>productions there are required &longs;o many variable a&longs;pects of the Sun, 

<lb/>that without them they would all mi&longs;carry: now the habitudes of 

<lb/>the Sun towards the Earth are far different from tho&longs;e towards 

<lb/>the Moon. </s><s>We as to the diurnal illumination, have, in the greater 

<lb/>part of the Earth, every twenty four hours part day, and part 

<lb/>night, which effect in the Moon is monethly: and that annual decli&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/090.jpg" pagenum="84"/>nation and elevation of the Sun in the Zodiack, by which it pro&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg215"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>duceth diver&longs;ity of Sea&longs;ons, and inequality of dayes and nights, 

<lb/>are fini&longs;hed in the Moon in a moneth; and whereas the Sun to us 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg216"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ri&longs;eth and declineth &longs;o much, that from the greate&longs;t to the lea&longs;t al&shy;

<lb/>titude, there is a difference of almo&longs;t 47 degrees, for &longs;o much is 

<lb/>the di&longs;tance from one to the other Tropick; this is in the Moon 

<lb/>but ten degrees only, or little more; namely, as much as the grea&shy;

<lb/>te&longs;t Latitudes of the Dragon on each &longs;ide the Ecliptick. </s><s>Now 

<lb/>con&longs;ider what effect the Sun would have in the torrid Zone, &longs;hould 

<lb/>it continually for fifteen dayes together beam forth its Rayes upon 

<lb/>it; which without all que&longs;tion would de&longs;troy plants, herbs, 

<lb/>and living creatures: and if it &longs;hould chance that there were any 

<lb/>production, it would be of herbs, plants, and creatures very diffe&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg217"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>rent from tho&longs;e which are now there. </s><s>Secondly, I verily believe 

<lb/>that in the Moon there are no rains, for if Clouds &longs;hould gather 

<lb/>in any part thereof, as they do about the Earth, they would there&shy;

<lb/>upon hide from our &longs;ight &longs;ome of tho&longs;e things, which we with the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope<emph.end type="italics"/> behold in the Moon, and in a word, would &longs;ome way or 

<lb/>other change its <emph type="italics"/>Ph&oelig;nomenon,<emph.end type="italics"/> an effect which I could never by long 

<lb/>and diligent ob&longs;ervations di&longs;cover; but alwayes beheld it in a 

<lb/>even and pure &longs;erenity.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg210"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The ob&longs;curer 

<lb/>parts of the Moon 

<lb/>are plains, and the 

<lb/>more bright moun&shy;

<lb/>tainous.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg211"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Long ledges of 

<lb/>mountaixs about 

<lb/>the &longs;pots of the 

<lb/>Moon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg212"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>There are not 

<lb/>generated in the 

<lb/>Moon things like 

<lb/>to ours, but if 

<lb/>there be any pro&shy;

<lb/>ductions, they are 

<lb/>very different.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg213"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moon not 

<lb/>compo&longs;ed of Water 

<lb/>and Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg214"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Tho&longs;e a&longs;pects of 

<lb/>the Sun nece&longs;&longs;ary 

<lb/>for our generati&shy;

<lb/>ons, are not &longs;o in 

<lb/>the Moon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg215"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Natural dayas 

<lb/>in the Moon are of 

<lb/>a Moneth long.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg216"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>To the Moon 

<lb/>the Sun a&longs;eondeth 

<lb/>and declineth with 

<lb/>a difference of ten 

<lb/>degrees, and to the 

<lb/>Earth of forty &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>ven degrees.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg217"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>There are no 

<lb/>rains in the Moon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>To this may be an&longs;wered, either that there might be 

<lb/>great mi&longs;ts, or that it might rain in the time of their night, that is, 

<lb/>when the Sun doth not illuminate it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If other pa&longs;&longs;ages did but a&longs;&longs;ure us, that there were ge&shy;

<lb/>nerations in it like to ours, and that there was onely wanting the 

<lb/>concour&longs;e of rains, we might find out this, or &longs;ome other tempe&shy;

<lb/>rament to &longs;erve in&longs;tead thereof, as it happens in <emph type="italics"/>Egypt<emph.end type="italics"/> by the in&shy;

<lb/>undation of <emph type="italics"/>Nile:<emph.end type="italics"/> but not meeting with any accident, which cor&shy;

<lb/>re&longs;ponds with ours, of many that have been &longs;ought out for the pro&shy;

<lb/>duction of the like effects, we need not trouble our &longs;elves to intro&shy;

<lb/>duce one alone; and that al&longs;o, not becau&longs;e we have certain ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>vation of it, but for a bare non-repugnance that we find therein. 

<lb/></s><s>Moreover, if I was demanded what my fir&longs;t apprehen&longs;ion, and pure 

<lb/>natural rea&longs;on dictated to me concerning the production of things 

<lb/>like or unlike there above, I would alwayes reply, that they are 

<lb/>mo&longs;t different, and to us altogether unimaginable, for &longs;o me thinks 

<lb/>the riches of Nature, and the omnipotence of our Creator and 

<lb/>Governour, do require.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I ever accounted extraordinary madne&longs;&longs;e that of tho&longs;e, 

<lb/>who would make humane comprehen&longs;ion the mea&longs;ure of what na&shy;

<lb/>ture hath a power or knowledge to effect; whereas on the con&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg218"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>trary there is not any the lea&longs;t effect in Nature, which can be fully 

<lb/>under&longs;tood by the mo&longs;t &longs;peculative wits in the world. </s><s>This their 

<lb/>&longs;o vain pre&longs;umption of knowing all, can take beginning from no&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/091.jpg" pagenum="85"/>thing, unle&longs;&longs;e from their never having known any thing; for if 

<lb/>one hath but once onely experienced the perfect knowledg of one 

<lb/>onely thing, and but truly ta&longs;ted what it is to know, he &longs;hall per&shy;

<lb/>ceive that of infinite other conclu&longs;ions, he under&longs;tands not &longs;o much 

<lb/>as one.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg218"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The having a 

<lb/>perfect knowledg 

<lb/>of nothing, maketh 

<lb/>&longs;ome believe they 

<lb/>under&longs;tand all 

<lb/>things.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Your di&longs;cour&longs;e is very concluding; in confirmation of 

<lb/>which we have the example of tho&longs;e who under&longs;tand, or have 

<lb/>known &longs;ome thing, which the more knowing they are, the more 

<lb/>they know, and freely confe&longs;&longs;e that they know little; nay, the 

<lb/>wi&longs;e&longs;t man in all <emph type="italics"/>Greece,<emph.end type="italics"/> and for &longs;uch pronounced by the Oracle, 

<lb/>openly profe&longs;&longs;ed to know that he knew nothing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It mu&longs;t be granted therefore, either that <emph type="italics"/>Socrates<emph.end type="italics"/> or 

<lb/>that the <emph type="italics"/>Oracle<emph.end type="italics"/> it &longs;elf was a lyar, <emph type="italics"/>that declaring him to be mo&longs;t 

<lb/>wi&longs;e, and he confe&longs;&longs;ing that he knew him&longs;elf to be mo&longs;t ig&shy;

<lb/>norant.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Neither one nor the other doth follow, for that both 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg219"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the a&longs;&longs;ertions may be true. </s><s>The <emph type="italics"/>Oracle<emph.end type="italics"/> adjudged <emph type="italics"/>Socrates<emph.end type="italics"/> the wi&shy;

<lb/>&longs;e&longs;t of all men, who&longs;e knowledg is limited; <emph type="italics"/>Socrates<emph.end type="italics"/> acknow&shy;

<lb/>ledgeth that he knew nothing in relation to ab&longs;olute wi&longs;dome, 

<lb/>which is infinite; and becau&longs;e of infinite, much is the &longs;ame part, 

<lb/>as is little, and as is nothing (for to arrive <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> to the infinite 

<lb/>number, it is all one to accumulate thou&longs;ands, tens, or ciphers,) 

<lb/>therefore <emph type="italics"/>Socrates<emph.end type="italics"/> well perceived his wi&longs;dom to be nothing, in 

<lb/>compari&longs;on of the infinite knowledg which he wanted. </s><s>But yet, 

<lb/>becau&longs;e there is &longs;ome knowledg found among&longs;t men, and this 

<lb/>not equally &longs;hared to all, <emph type="italics"/>Socrates<emph.end type="italics"/> might have a greater &longs;hare 

<lb/>thereof than others, and therefore verified the an&longs;wer of the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Oracle.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg219"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer of 

<lb/>the Oracle true in 

<lb/>judging<emph.end type="italics"/> Socrates 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>the wi&longs;eft of his 

<lb/>time.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I think I very well under&longs;tand this particular among&longs;t 

<lb/>men, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> there is a power of operating, but not equally 

<lb/>di&longs;pen&longs;ed to all; and it is without que&longs;tion, that the power of an 

<lb/>Emperor is far greater than that of a private per&longs;on; but, both 

<lb/>this and that are nothing in compari&longs;on of the Divine Omnipo&shy;

<lb/>tence. </s><s>Among&longs;t men, there are &longs;ome that better under&longs;tand 

<lb/>Agriculture than many others; but the knowledg of planting a 

<lb/>Vine in a trench, what hath it to do with the knowledg of ma&shy;

<lb/>king it to &longs;prout forth, to attract nouri&longs;hment, to &longs;elect this good 

<lb/>part from that other, for to make thereof leaves, another to make 

<lb/>&longs;prouts, another to make grapes, another to make rai&longs;ins, ano&shy;

<lb/>ther to make the huskes of them, which are the works of mo&longs;t 

<lb/>wi&longs;e Nature? </s><s>This is one only particular act of the innumerable, 

<lb/>which Nature doth, and in it alone is di&longs;covered an infinite wi&longs;&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg220"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>dom, &longs;o that Divine Wi&longs;dom may be concluded to be infinitely 

<lb/>infinite.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg220"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Divine Wi&longs;dom 

<lb/>infinitely infinise.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Take hereof another example. </s><s>Do we not &longs;ay that the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/092.jpg" pagenum="86"/>judicious di&longs;covering of a mo&longs;t lovely <emph type="italics"/>Statua<emph.end type="italics"/> in a piece of Marble, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg221"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>hath &longs;ublimated the wit of <emph type="italics"/>Buonarruotti<emph.end type="italics"/> far above the vulgar wits 

<lb/>of other men? </s><s>And yet this work is onely the imitation of a 

<lb/>meer aptitude and di&longs;po&longs;ition of exteriour and &longs;uperficial mem&shy;

<lb/>bers of an immoveable man; but what is it in compari&longs;on of a 

<lb/>man made by nature, compo&longs;ed of as many exteriour and inte&shy;

<lb/>riour members, of &longs;o many mu&longs;cles, tendons, nerves, bones, 

<lb/>which &longs;erve to &longs;o many and &longs;undry motions? </s><s>but what &longs;hall we 

<lb/>&longs;ay of the &longs;en&longs;es, and of the powers of the &longs;oul, and la&longs;tly, of 

<lb/>the under&longs;tanding? </s><s>May we not &longs;ay, and that with rea&longs;on, that 

<lb/>the &longs;tructure of a Statue fals far &longs;hort of the formation of a living 

<lb/>man, yea more of a contemptible worm?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg221"></margin.target>Buonarruotti, <emph type="italics"/>a 

<lb/>&longs;tatuary of admi&shy;

<lb/>rable ingenuity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And what difference think you, was there betwixt the 

<lb/>Dove of <emph type="italics"/>Architas,<emph.end type="italics"/> and one made by Nature?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Either I am none of the&longs;e knowing men, or el&longs;e 

<lb/>there is a manife&longs;t contradiction in this your di&longs;cour&longs;e. </s><s>You ac&shy;

<lb/>count under&longs;tanding among&longs;t the greate&longs;t (if you make it not the 

<lb/>chief of the) <emph type="italics"/>Encomiums<emph.end type="italics"/> a&longs;cribed to man made by Nature, and 

<lb/>a little before you &longs;aid with <emph type="italics"/>Socrates,<emph.end type="italics"/> that he had no knowledg at 

<lb/>all; therefore you mu&longs;t &longs;ay, that neither did Nature under&longs;tand 

<lb/>how to make an under&longs;tanding that under&longs;tandeth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You argue very cunningly, but to reply to your obje&shy;

<lb/>ction I mu&longs;t have recour&longs;e to a Philo&longs;ophical di&longs;tinction, and &longs;ay 

<lb/>that the under&longs;tanding is to be taken too ways, that is <emph type="italics"/>inten&longs;iv&egrave;,<emph.end type="italics"/> or 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg222"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>exten&longs;iv&egrave;<emph.end type="italics"/>; and that <emph type="italics"/>exten&longs;ive,<emph.end type="italics"/> that is, as to the multitude of intel&shy;

<lb/>ligibles, which are infinite, the under&longs;tanding of man is as no&shy;

<lb/>thing, though he &longs;hould under&longs;tand a thou&longs;and propo&longs;itions; for 

<lb/>that a thou&longs;and, in re&longs;pect of infinity is but as a cypher: but taking 

<lb/>the under&longs;tanding <emph type="italics"/>inten&longs;ive,<emph.end type="italics"/> (in as much as that term imports) in&shy;

<lb/>ten&longs;ively, that is, perfectly &longs;ome propo&longs;itions, I &longs;ay, that humane wi&longs;&shy;

<lb/>dom under&longs;tandeth &longs;ome propo&longs;itions &longs;o perfectly, and is as ab&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>lutely certain thereof, as Nature her &longs;elf; and &longs;uch are the pure 

<lb/>Mathematical &longs;ciences, to wit, Geometry and Arithmetick: in which 

<lb/>Divine Wi&longs;dom knows infinite more propo&longs;itions, becau&longs;e it knows 

<lb/>them all; but I believe that the knowledge of tho&longs;e few compre&shy;

<lb/>hended by humane under&longs;tanding, equalleth the divine, as to the 

<lb/>certainty <emph type="italics"/>objectiv&egrave;,<emph.end type="italics"/> for that it arriveth to comprehend the nece&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ity thereof, than which there can be no greater certainty.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg222"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Man under&longs;tand&shy;

<lb/>eth very well<emph.end type="italics"/> in&shy;

<lb/>ten&longs;iv&egrave;, <emph type="italics"/>but little<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>exten&longs;iv&egrave;.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This &longs;eemeth to me a very bold and ra&longs;h expre&longs;&longs;ion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The&longs;e are common notions, and far from all umbrage 

<lb/>of temerity, or boldne&longs;s, and detract not in the lea&longs;t from the Ma&shy;

<lb/>je&longs;ty of divine wi&longs;dom; as it nothing dimini&longs;heth the omnipotence 

<lb/>thereof to &longs;ay, that God cannot make what is once done, to be un&shy;

<lb/>done: but I doubt, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> that your &longs;cruple ari&longs;eth from an o&shy;

<lb/>pinion you have, that my words are &longs;omewhat equivocal; there&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/093.jpg" pagenum="87"/>fore the better to expre&longs;s my &longs;elf I &longs;ay, that as to the truth, of 

<lb/>which Mathematical demon&longs;trations give us the knowledge, it is 

<lb/>the &longs;ame, which the divine wi&longs;dom knoweth; but this I mu&longs;t grant 

<lb/>you, that the manner whereby God knoweth the infinite propo&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg223"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;itions, of which we under&longs;tand &longs;ome few, is highly more excellent 

<lb/>than ours, which proceedeth by ratiocination, and pa&longs;&longs;eth from con&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg224"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>clu&longs;ion to conclu&longs;ion, whereas his is done at one &longs;ingle thought or 

<lb/>intuition; and whereas we, for example, to attain the knowledg 

<lb/>of &longs;ome pa&longs;&longs;ion of the Circle, which hath infinite, beginning 

<lb/>from one of the mo&longs;t &longs;imple, and taking that for its definition, 

<lb/>do proceed with argumentation to another, and from that to a 

<lb/>third, and then to a fourth, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> the Divine Wi&longs;dom, by the 

<lb/>apprehen&longs;ion of its e&longs;&longs;ence comprehends, without temporary raci&shy;

<lb/>ocination, all the&longs;e infinite pa&longs;&longs;ions; which notwith&longs;tanding, are 

<lb/>in effect virtually compri&longs;ed in the definitions of all things; and, to 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg225"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>conclude, as being infinite, perhaps are but one alone in their nature, 

<lb/>and in the Divine Mind; the which neither is wholly unknown to 

<lb/>humane under&longs;tanding, but onely be-clouded with thick and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg226"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>gro&longs;&longs;e mi&longs;ts; which come in part to be di&longs;&longs;ipated and clarified, 

<lb/>when we are made Ma&longs;ters of any conclu&longs;ions, firmly demon&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trated, and &longs;o perfectly made ours, as that we can &longs;peedily run 

<lb/>through them; for in &longs;um, what other, is that propo&longs;ition, that 

<lb/>the &longs;quare of the &longs;ide &longs;ubtending the right angle in any triangle, 

<lb/>is equal to the &longs;quares of the other two, which include it, but 

<lb/>onely the Paralellograms being upon common ba&longs;es, and between 

<lb/>parallels equal among&longs;t them&longs;elves? </s><s>and this, la&longs;tly, is it not the 

<lb/>&longs;ame, as to &longs;ay that tho&longs;e two &longs;uperficies are equal, of which 

<lb/>equal parts applyed to equal parts, po&longs;&longs;e&longs;&longs;e equal place? </s><s>Now 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg227"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the&longs;e inferences, which our intellect apprehendeth with time and a 

<lb/>gradual motion, the Divine Wi&longs;dom, like light, penetrateth in 

<lb/>an in&longs;tant, which is the &longs;ame as to &longs;ay, hath them alwayes pre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ent: I conclude therefore, that our under&longs;tanding, both as to 

<lb/>the manner and the multitude of the things comprehended by us, 

<lb/>is infinitely &longs;urpa&longs;t by the Divine Wi&longs;dom; but yet I do not &longs;o 

<lb/>vilifie it, as to repute it ab&longs;olutely nothing; yea rather, when I 

<lb/>con&longs;ider how many and how great mi&longs;teries men have under&longs;tood, 

<lb/>di&longs;covered, and contrived, I very plainly know and under&longs;tand 

<lb/>the mind of man to be one of the works, yea one of the mo&longs;t ex&shy;

<lb/>cellent works of God.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg223"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Gods manner of 

<lb/>knowing different 

<lb/>from that of men.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg224"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Humane under&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tanding done by 

<lb/>raciocination.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg225"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Definitions con&shy;

<lb/>tein virtually all 

<lb/>the pa&longs;&longs;ions of the 

<lb/>things defined.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg226"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Infinite Pa&longs;&longs;ions 

<lb/>are perhaps but 

<lb/>one onely.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg227"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The di&longs;cour&longs;es 

<lb/>which humane 

<lb/>rea&longs;on makes in a 

<lb/>certain time, the 

<lb/>Divine Wi&longs;dom re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;olveth in a mo&shy;

<lb/>ment; that is, hath 

<lb/>them alwayes pre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ent.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I have oft times con&longs;idered with my &longs;elf, in pur&longs;uance 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg228"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of that which you &longs;peak of, how great the wit of man is; and 

<lb/>whil'&longs;t I run thorow &longs;uch and &longs;o many admirable inventions found 

<lb/>out by him, as well in the Arts, as Sciences; and again reflecting 

<lb/>upon my own wit, &longs;o far from promi&longs;ing me the di&longs;covery of any 

<lb/>thing new, that I de&longs;pair of comprehending what is already di&longs;&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/094.jpg" pagenum="88"/>covered, confounded with wonder, and &longs;urpri&longs;ed with de&longs;pera&shy;

<lb/>tion, I account my &longs;elf little le&longs;&longs;e than mi&longs;erable. </s><s>If I behold a 

<lb/>Statue of &longs;ome excellent Ma&longs;ter, I &longs;ay with my &longs;elf; When wilt 

<lb/>thou know how to chizzle away the refu&longs;e of a piece of Marble, 

<lb/>and di&longs;cover &longs;o lovely a figure, as lyeth hid therein? </s><s>When wilt 

<lb/>thou mix and &longs;pread &longs;o many different colours upon a Cloth, or 

<lb/>Wall, and repre&longs;ent therewith all vi&longs;ible objects, like a <emph type="italics"/>Michael 

<lb/>Angelo,<emph.end type="italics"/> a <emph type="italics"/>Raphaello,<emph.end type="italics"/> or a <emph type="italics"/>Tizvano<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s><s>If I behold what inventions 

<lb/>men have in comparting Mu&longs;ical intervals, in e&longs;tabli&longs;hing Pre&shy;

<lb/>cepts and Rules for the management thereof with admirable de&shy;

<lb/>light to the ear: When &longs;hall I cea&longs;e my a&longs;toni&longs;hment? </s><s>What 

<lb/>&longs;hall I &longs;ay of &longs;uch and &longs;o various In&longs;truments of that Art? </s><s>The 

<lb/>reading of excellent Poets, with what admiration doth it &longs;well 

<lb/>any one that attentively con&longs;idereth the invention of conceits, 

<lb/>and their explanation? </s><s>What &longs;hall we &longs;ay of Architecture? 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg229"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>What of Navigation? </s><s>But, above all other &longs;tupendious inventi&shy;

<lb/>ons, what &longs;ublimity of mind was that in him, that imagined to 

<lb/>him&longs;elf to find out a way to communicate his mo&longs;t &longs;ecret thoughts 

<lb/>to any other per&longs;on, though very far di&longs;tant from him either in 

<lb/>time, or place, &longs;peaking with tho&longs;e that are in the <emph type="italics"/>India's<emph.end type="italics"/>; &longs;peak&shy;

<lb/>ing to tho&longs;e that are not yet born, nor &longs;hall be this thou&longs;and, or 

<lb/>ten thou&longs;and years? </s><s>and with how much facility? </s><s>but by the va&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg230"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>rious collocation of ^{*} twenty little letters upon a paper? </s><s>Let this 

<lb/>be the Seal of all the admirable inventions of man, and the clo&longs;e 

<lb/>of our Di&longs;cour&longs;e for this day: For the warmer hours being pa&longs;t, 

<lb/>I &longs;uppo&longs;e that <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> hath a de&longs;ire to go and take the air in his 

<lb/>Gondelo; but too morrow we will both wait upon you, to con&shy;

<lb/>tinue the Di&longs;cour&longs;es we have begun, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg228"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The wit of man 

<lb/>admirably acute.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg229"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The invention of 

<lb/>writing &longs;tupendious 

<lb/>above all others.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg230"></margin.target>* For of &longs;o many 

<lb/>only the Italian 

<lb/>Alphabet con&longs;i&longs;ts.</s></p><pb xlink:href="065/01/095.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.095.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/095/1.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.095.2.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/095/2.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.095.3.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/095/3.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.095.4.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/095/4.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.095.5.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/095/5.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.095.6.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/095/6.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.095.7.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/095/7.jpg"/><p type="caption"><s><emph type="italics"/>Place this Plate 

<lb/>at the end of 

<lb/>the first<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Dialogue</s></p><pb xlink:href="065/01/096.jpg"/></chap><chap>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/097.jpg" pagenum="89"/><p type="head"><s>GALIL&AElig;US 

<lb/>Galil&aelig;us Lync&aelig;us, 

<lb/>HIS 

<lb/>SYSTEME 

<lb/>OF THE 

<lb/>WORLD.</s></p><p type="head"><s>The Second Dialogue.</s></p><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"/>INTERLOCVTORS.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"><s>SALVIATUS, SAGREDUS, and SIMPLICIUS.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The ye&longs;ter-dayes diver&longs;ions which led us 

<lb/>out of the path of our principal di&longs;cour&longs;e, 

<lb/>were &longs;uch and &longs;o many, that I know not 

<lb/>how I can without your a&longs;&longs;i&longs;tance reco&shy;

<lb/>ver the track in which I am to proceed.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I wonder not, that you, who 

<lb/>have your fancy charged and laden with 

<lb/>both what hath been, and is to be &longs;po&shy;

<lb/>ken, do find your &longs;elf in &longs;ome confu&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>on; but I, who as being onely an Auditor, have nothing to bur&shy;

<lb/>then my memory withal, but &longs;uch things as I have heard, may 

<lb/>happily by a &longs;uccinct rehear&longs;al of them, recover the fir&longs;t thred 

<lb/>of our Di&longs;cour&longs;e. </s><s>As far therefore as my memory &longs;erves me, the 

<lb/>&longs;um of ye&longs;terdayes conferences were an examination of the Prin&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/098.jpg" pagenum="90"/>ciples of <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and which of their opinions is 

<lb/>the more probable and rational; that, which affirmeth the &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance of the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies to be ingenerable, incorruptible, un&shy;

<lb/>alterable, impa&longs;&longs;ible, and in a word, exempt from all kind of change, 

<lb/>&longs;ave that of local, and therefore to be a <emph type="italics"/>fifth e&longs;&longs;ence,<emph.end type="italics"/> quite different 

<lb/>from this of our Elementary bodies, which are generable, corrup&shy;

<lb/>tible, alterable, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> or el&longs;e the other, which taking away &longs;uch 

<lb/>deformity from the parts of the World, holdeth the Earth to en&shy;

<lb/>joy the &longs;ame perfections as the other integral bodies of the uni&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;e; and e&longs;teemeth it a moveable and erratick Globe, no le&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>than the Moon, <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter, Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> or any other Planet: And la&longs;tly, 

<lb/>maketh many particular parallels betwixt the Earth and Moon; 

<lb/>and more with the Moon, than with any other Planet; hap&shy;

<lb/>ly by rea&longs;on we have greater and more certain notice of it, as 

<lb/>being le&longs;&longs;e di&longs;tant from us. </s><s>And having, la&longs;tly, concluded this 

<lb/>&longs;econd opinion to have more of probability with it than the fir&longs;t, 

<lb/>I &longs;hould think it be&longs;t in the &longs;ub&longs;equent di&longs;cour&longs;es to begin to exa&shy;

<lb/>mine whether the Earth be e&longs;teemed immoveable, as it hath 

<lb/>been till now believed by mo&longs;t men, or el&longs;e moveable, as &longs;ome 

<lb/>ancient <emph type="italics"/>Philo&longs;ophers<emph.end type="italics"/> held, and others of not very rece&longs;&longs;e times, 

<lb/>were of opinion; and if it be moveable, to enquire of what 

<lb/>kind its motion may be?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I &longs;ee already what way I am to take; but before we 

<lb/>offer to proceed any farther, I am to &longs;ay &longs;omething to you touch&shy;

<lb/>ing tho&longs;e la&longs;t words which you &longs;pake, how that the opinion which 

<lb/>holds the Earth to be endued with the &longs;ame conditions that the 

<lb/>C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies enjoy, &longs;eems to be more true than the contra&shy;

<lb/>ry; for that I affirmed no &longs;uch thing, nor would I have any of the 

<lb/>Propo&longs;itions in controver&longs;ie, be made to &longs;peak to any definitive 

<lb/>&longs;en&longs;e: but I onely intended to produce on either part, tho&longs;e rea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ons and an&longs;wers, arguments and &longs;olutions, which have been hi&shy;

<lb/>therto thought upon by others, together with certain others, 

<lb/>which I have &longs;tumbled upon in my long &longs;earching thereinto, al&shy;

<lb/>wayes remitting the deci&longs;ion thereof to the judgment of others.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I was unawares tran&longs;ported by my own &longs;en&longs;e of the 

<lb/>thing; and believing that others ought to judg as I did, I made 

<lb/>that conclu&longs;ion univer&longs;al, which &longs;hould have been particular; and 

<lb/>therefore confe&longs;&longs;e I have erred, and the rather, in that I know 

<lb/>not what <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> his judgment is in this particular.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I mu&longs;t confe&longs;&longs;e, that I have been ruminating all this 

<lb/>night of what pa&longs;t ye&longs;terday, and to &longs;ay the truth, I meet there&shy;

<lb/>in with many acute, new, aud plau&longs;ible notions; yet neverthele&longs;s, 

<lb/>I find my &longs;elf over-per&longs;waded by the authority of &longs;o many great 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Writers,<emph.end type="italics"/> and in particular -------<emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> I &longs;ee you &longs;hake your 

<lb/>head <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and &longs;mile to your &longs;elf, as if I had uttered &longs;ome 

<lb/>great ab&longs;urdity.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/099.jpg" pagenum="91"/><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I not onely &longs;mile, but to tell you true, am ready to 

<lb/>bur&longs;t with holding in my &longs;elf from laughing outright, for you 

<lb/>have put me in mind of a very pretty pa&longs;&longs;age, that I was a wit&shy;

<lb/>ne&longs;&longs;e of, not many years &longs;ince, together with &longs;ome others of 

<lb/>my worthy friends, which I could yet name unto you.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It would be well that you told us what it was, that &longs;o 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> may not &longs;till think that he gave you the occa&longs;ion of 

<lb/>laughter.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am content. </s><s>I found one day, at home in his hou&longs;e, at 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Venice,<emph.end type="italics"/> a famous Phi&longs;ician, to whom &longs;ome flockt for their &longs;tudies, 

<lb/>and others out of curio&longs;ity, &longs;ometimes came thither to &longs;ee certain A&shy;

<lb/>natomies di&longs;&longs;ected by the hand of a no le&longs;&longs;e learned, than careful 

<lb/>and experienced Anatomi&longs;t. </s><s>It chanced upon that day, when I was 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg231"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>there, that he was in &longs;earch of the original and ri&longs;e of the Nerves, 

<lb/>about which there is a famous controver&longs;ie between the <emph type="italics"/>Galeni&longs;ts<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/>; and the Anatomi&longs;t &longs;hewing, how that the great 

<lb/>number of Nerves departing from the Brain, as their root, and 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;ing by the nape of the Neck, di&longs;tend them&longs;elves afterwards 

<lb/>along by the Back-bone, and branch them&longs;elves thorow all the 

<lb/>Body; and that a very &longs;mall filament, as fine as a thred went to 

<lb/>the Heart; he turned to a Gentleman whom he knew to be a <emph type="italics"/>Pe&shy;

<lb/>ripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Philo&longs;opher, and for who&longs;e &longs;ake he had with extraor&shy;

<lb/>dinary exactne&longs;&longs;e, di&longs;covered and proved every thing, and demand&shy;

<lb/>ed of him, if he was at length &longs;atisfied and per&longs;waded that the origi&shy;

<lb/>nal of the Nerves proceeded from the Brain, and not from the 

<lb/>Heart? </s><s>To which the Philo&longs;opher, after he had &longs;tood mu&longs;ing a 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg232"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>while, an&longs;wered; you have made me to &longs;ee this bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e &longs;o 

<lb/>plainly and &longs;en&longs;ibly, that did not the <emph type="italics"/>Text<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> a&longs;&longs;ert the 

<lb/>contrary, which po&longs;itively affirmeth the Nerves to proceed from 

<lb/>the Heart, I &longs;hould be con&longs;trained to confe&longs;&longs;e your opinion to be 

<lb/>true.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg231"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The original of 

<lb/>the Nerv s. </s><s>ac&shy;

<lb/>cording to<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;to&shy;

<lb/>tle, <emph type="italics"/>and according 

<lb/>to Phi&longs;icians.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg232"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The ridiculus 

<lb/>an&longs;wer of a Philo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;opher, determi&shy;

<lb/>ning the original of 

<lb/>the Nerves.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I would have you know my Ma&longs;ters, that this contro&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;ie about the original of the Nerves is not yet &longs;o proved and 

<lb/>decided, as &longs;ome may perhaps per&longs;wade them&longs;elves.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Nor que&longs;tionle&longs;&longs;e ever &longs;hall it be, if it find &longs;uch like 

<lb/>contradictors; but that which you &longs;ay, doth not at all le&longs;&longs;en the 

<lb/>extravagance of the an&longs;wer of that <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick,<emph.end type="italics"/> who again&longs;t 

<lb/>&longs;uch &longs;en&longs;ible experience produced not other experiments, or rea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ons of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> but his bare authority and pure <emph type="italics"/>ip&longs;e dixit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> had not gained &longs;o great authority, but for 

<lb/>the force of his Demon&longs;trations, and the profoundne&longs;&longs;e of his 

<lb/>arguments; but it is requi&longs;ite that we under&longs;tand him, and not 

<lb/>onely under&longs;tand him, but have &longs;o great familiarity with his 

<lb/>Books, that we form a perfect <emph type="italics"/>Idea<emph.end type="italics"/> thereof in our minds, &longs;o as 

<lb/>that every &longs;aying of his may be alwayes as it were, pre&longs;ent in our 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/100.jpg" pagenum="92"/>memory for he did not write to the vulgar, nor is he obliged to 

<lb/>&longs;pin out his Sillogi&longs;mes with the trivial method of di&longs;putes; nay 

<lb/>rather, u&longs;ing a freedome, he hath &longs;ometimes placed the proof 

<lb/>of one Propo&longs;ition among&longs;t Texts, which &longs;eem to treat of quite 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg233"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>another point; and therefore it is requi&longs;ite to be ma&longs;ter of all 

<lb/>that va&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Idea,<emph.end type="italics"/> and to learn how to connect this pa&longs;&longs;age with that, 

<lb/>and to combine this Text with another far remote from it; for it 

<lb/>is not to be que&longs;tioned but that he who hath thus &longs;tudied him, 

<lb/>knows how to gather from his Books the demon&longs;trations of every 

<lb/>knowable deduction, for that they contein all things.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg233"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Requi&longs;ites to fit 

<lb/>a man to philo&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>phate well after 

<lb/>the manner of<emph.end type="italics"/> A&shy;

<lb/>ri&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But good <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> like as the things &longs;cattered here 

<lb/>and there in <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> give you no trouble in collecting them, 

<lb/>but that you per&longs;wade your &longs;elf to be able by comparing and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg234"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>connecting &longs;everal &longs;mall &longs;entences to extract thence the juice of 

<lb/>&longs;ome de&longs;ired conclu&longs;ion, &longs;o this, which you and other egregi&shy;

<lb/>ous Philo&longs;ophers do with the Text of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> I could do by the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg235"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ver&longs;es of <emph type="italics"/>Virgil,<emph.end type="italics"/> or of <emph type="italics"/>Ovid,<emph.end type="italics"/> compo&longs;ing thereof ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Centones,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>therewith explaining all the affairs of men, and &longs;ecrets of Na&shy;

<lb/>ture. </s><s>But what talk I of <emph type="italics"/>Virgil,<emph.end type="italics"/> or any other Poet? </s><s>I have a lit&shy;

<lb/>tle Book much &longs;horter than <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ovid,<emph.end type="italics"/> in which are con&shy;

<lb/>teined all the Sciences, and with very little &longs;tudy, one may gather 

<lb/>out of it a mo&longs;t perfect <emph type="italics"/>Idea,<emph.end type="italics"/> and this is the <emph type="italics"/>Alphabet<emph.end type="italics"/>; and there 

<lb/>is no doubt but that he who knows how to couple and di&longs;po&longs;e 

<lb/>aright this and that vowel, with tho&longs;e, or tho&longs;e other con&longs;onants, 

<lb/>may gather thence the infallible an&longs;wers to all doubts, and de&shy;

<lb/>duce from them the principles of all Sciences and Arts, ju&longs;t in the 

<lb/>&longs;ame manner as the Painter from divers &longs;imple colours, laid &longs;eve&shy;

<lb/>rally upon his <emph type="italics"/>Pallate,<emph.end type="italics"/> proceedeth by mixing a little of this and 

<lb/>a little of that, with a little of a third, to repre&longs;ent to the life 

<lb/>men, plants, buildings, birds, fi&longs;hes, and in a word, counterfeit&shy;

<lb/>ing what ever object is vi&longs;ible, though there be not on the <emph type="italics"/>Pallate<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>all the while, either eyes, or feathers, or fins, or leaves, or &longs;tones. 

<lb/></s><s>Nay, farther, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that none of the things to be imita&shy;

<lb/>ted, or any part of them, be actually among colours, if you 

<lb/>would be able therewith to repre&longs;ent all things; for &longs;hould there 

<lb/>be among&longs;t them <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> feathers, the&longs;e would &longs;erve to repre&longs;ent 

<lb/>nothing &longs;ave birds, and plumed creatures.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg234"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A cunning way 

<lb/>to gather Philo&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>phy out of any book 

<lb/>what&longs;oever.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg235"></margin.target>* A word &longs;ignify&shy;

<lb/>ing works compo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ed of many frag&shy;

<lb/>ments of ver&longs;es 

<lb/>collected out of the 

<lb/>Poets.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And there are certain Gentlemen yet living, and in health, 

<lb/>who were pre&longs;ent, when a Doctor, that was Profe&longs;&longs;or in a fa&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg236"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>mous Academy, hearing the de&longs;cription of the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope,<emph.end type="italics"/> by him 

<lb/>not &longs;een as then, &longs;aid, that the invention was taken from <emph type="italics"/>Ari&shy;

<lb/>&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and cau&longs;ing his works to be fetch't, he turned to a place 

<lb/>where the Philo&longs;opher gives the rea&longs;on, whence it commeth, that 

<lb/>from the bottom of a very deep Well, one may &longs;ee the &longs;tars in 

<lb/>Heaven, at noon day; and, addre&longs;&longs;ing him&longs;elf to the company, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/101.jpg" pagenum="93"/>&longs;ee here, &longs;aith he, the Well, which repre&longs;enteth the Tube, &longs;ee 

<lb/>here the gro&longs;s vapours, from whence is taken the invention of 

<lb/>the Cry&longs;tals, and &longs;ee here la&longs;tly the &longs;ight fortified by the pa&longs;&longs;age 

<lb/>of the rays through a diaphanous, but more den&longs;e and ob&longs;cure 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>medium.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg236"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Invention of the<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Tele&longs;cope <emph type="italics"/>taken 

<lb/>from<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This is a way to comprehend all things knowable, much 

<lb/>like to that wherewith a piece of marble conteineth in it one, yea, 

<lb/>a thou&longs;and very beautiful Statua's, but the difficulty lieth in be&shy;

<lb/>ing able to di&longs;cover them; or we may &longs;ay, that it is like to the 

<lb/>prophe&longs;ies of Abbot <emph type="italics"/>Joachim,<emph.end type="italics"/> or the an&longs;wers of the Heathen 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Oracles,<emph.end type="italics"/> which are not to be under&longs;tood, till after the things 

<lb/>fore-told are come to pa&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And why do you not adde the predictions of the <emph type="italics"/>Ge&shy;

<lb/>nethliacks,<emph.end type="italics"/> which are with like cleerne&longs;&longs;e &longs;een after the event, in 

<lb/>their Horo&longs;copes, or, if you will, Configurations of the Heavens.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>In this manner the Chymi&longs;ts find, being led by their 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg237"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>melancholly humour, that all the &longs;ublime&longs;t wits of the World 

<lb/>have writ of nothing el&longs;e in reality, than of the way to make 

<lb/>Gold; but, that they might tran&longs;mit the &longs;ecret to po&longs;terity with&shy;

<lb/>out di&longs;covering it to the vulgar, they contrived &longs;ome one way, and 

<lb/>&longs;ome another how to conceal the &longs;ame under &longs;everal maskes; and 

<lb/>it would make one merry to hear their comments upon the ancient 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Poets,<emph.end type="italics"/> finding out the important mi&longs;teries, which lie hid under 

<lb/>their Fables; and the &longs;ignification of the Loves of the <emph type="italics"/>Moon,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and her de&longs;cending to the Earth for <emph type="italics"/>Endimion<emph.end type="italics"/>; her di&longs;plea&longs;ure 

<lb/>again&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Acteon,<emph.end type="italics"/> and what was meant by <emph type="italics"/>Jupiters<emph.end type="italics"/> turning him&longs;elf 

<lb/>into a &longs;howre of <emph type="italics"/>Gold<emph.end type="italics"/>; and into flames of fire; and what great 

<lb/>&longs;ecrets of Art are conteined in that <emph type="italics"/>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"/> the <emph type="italics"/>Interpreter<emph.end type="italics"/>; in 

<lb/>tho&longs;e thefts of <emph type="italics"/>Pluto<emph.end type="italics"/>; and in tho&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Branches<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>Gold.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg237"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Chymi&longs;ts inter&shy;

<lb/>pret the Eables of 

<lb/>the Poets to be &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>crets for making of 

<lb/>Gold.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I believe, and in part know, that there want not in the 

<lb/>World very extravagant heads, the vanities of whom ought not to 

<lb/>redound to the prejudice of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> of whom my thinks you 

<lb/>&longs;peak &longs;ometimes with too little re&longs;pect, and the onely antiquity 

<lb/>and bare name that he hath acquired in the opinions of &longs;o many 

<lb/>famous men, &longs;hould &longs;uffice to render him honourable with all 

<lb/>that profe&longs;&longs;e them&longs;elves learned.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You &longs;tate not the matter rightly, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>; There 

<lb/>are &longs;ome of his followers that fear before they are in danger, 

<lb/>who give us occa&longs;ion, or, to &longs;ay better, would give us cau&longs;e to 

<lb/>e&longs;teem him le&longs;&longs;e, &longs;hould we con&longs;ent to applaud their <emph type="italics"/>Capricio's.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg238"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>And you, pray you tell me, are you for your part &longs;o &longs;imple, as 

<lb/>not to know that had <emph type="italics"/>Arictotle<emph.end type="italics"/> been pre&longs;ent, to have heard the 

<lb/>Doctor that would have made him Author of the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope,<emph.end type="italics"/> he 

<lb/>would have been much more di&longs;plea&longs;ed with him, than with tho&longs;e, 

<lb/>who laught at the Doctor and his Comments? </s><s>Do you que&longs;tion 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/102.jpg" pagenum="94"/>whether <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> had he but &longs;een the novelties di&longs;covered in Hea&shy;

<lb/>ven, would not have changed his opinion, amended his Books, 

<lb/>and embraced the more &longs;en&longs;ible Doctrine; rejecting tho&longs;e &longs;illy 

<lb/>Gulls, which too &longs;crupulou&longs;ly, go about to defend what ever he 

<lb/>hath &longs;aid; not con&longs;idering, that if <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> were &longs;uch a one as 

<lb/>they fancy him to them&longs;elves, he would be a man of an untracta&shy;

<lb/>ble wit, an ob&longs;tinate mind, a barbarous &longs;oul, a &longs;tubborn will, 

<lb/>that accounting all men el&longs;e but as &longs;illy &longs;heep, would have his 

<lb/>Oracles preferred before the Sen&longs;es, Experience, and Nature her 

<lb/>&longs;elf? </s><s>They are the Sectators of <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/> that have given him this 

<lb/>Authority, and not he that hath u&longs;urped or taken it upon him; 

<lb/>and becau&longs;e it is more ea&longs;ie for a man to &longs;culk under anothers 

<lb/>&longs;hield than to &longs;hew him&longs;elf openly, they tremble, and are affraid 

<lb/>to &longs;tir one &longs;tep from him; and rather than they will admit &longs;ome 

<lb/>alterations in the Heaven of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> they will impertinently de&shy;

<lb/>ny tho&longs;e they behold in the Heaven of <emph type="italics"/>Nature.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg238"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Some of<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;to&shy;

<lb/>tles <emph type="italics"/>Sectators im&shy;

<lb/>pare the reputation 

<lb/>of their Ma&longs;ter, in 

<lb/>going about to en&shy;

<lb/>han&longs;e it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The&longs;e kind of Drolleries put me in mind of that Statu&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg239"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ary which having reduced a great piece of Marble to the Image of 

<lb/>an <emph type="italics"/>Hercules,<emph.end type="italics"/> or a thundring <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> I know not whether, and 

<lb/>given it with admirable Art &longs;uch a vivacity and threatning fury, 

<lb/>that it moved terror in as many as beheld it; he him&longs;elf began 

<lb/>al&longs;o to be affraid thereof, though all its &longs;prightfulne&longs;&longs;e, and life 

<lb/>was his own workman&longs;hip; and his affrightment was &longs;uch, that 

<lb/>he had no longer the courage to affront it with his Chizzels and 

<lb/>Mallet.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg239"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A ridiculous 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;age of a certain 

<lb/>Statuary.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have many times wondered how the&longs;e nice maintain&shy;

<lb/>ers of what ever fell from <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> are not aware how great a pre&shy;

<lb/>judice they are to his reputation and credit; and how that the 

<lb/>more they go about to encrea&longs;e his Authority, the more they 

<lb/>dimini&longs;h it; for while&longs;t I &longs;ee them ob&longs;tinate in their attempts 

<lb/>to maintain tho&longs;e Propo&longs;itions which I palpably di&longs;cover to 

<lb/>be manife&longs;tly fal&longs;e; and in their de&longs;ires to per&longs;wade me that 

<lb/>&longs;o to do, is the part of a Philo&longs;opher; and that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf 

<lb/>would do the &longs;ame, it much abates in me of the opinion that he 

<lb/>hath rightly philo&longs;ophated about other conclu&longs;ions, to me more 

<lb/>ab&longs;tru&longs;e: for if I could &longs;ee them concede and change opinion in 

<lb/>a manife&longs;t truth, I would believe, that in tho&longs;e in which they 

<lb/>&longs;hould per&longs;i&longs;t, they may have &longs;ome &longs;olid demon&longs;trations to me un&shy;

<lb/>known, and unheard of.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Or when they &longs;hould be made to &longs;ee that they have ha&shy;

<lb/>zarded too much of their own and <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>'s repuatation in con&shy;

<lb/>fe&longs;&longs;ing, that they had not under&longs;tood this or that conclu&longs;ion found 

<lb/>out by &longs;ome other man; would it not be a le&longs;s evil for them to 

<lb/>&longs;eek for it among&longs;t his Texts, by laying many of them together, 

<lb/>according to the art intimated to us by <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s><s>for if his 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/103.jpg" pagenum="95"/>works contain all things knowable, it mu&longs;t follow al&longs;o that they 

<lb/>may be therein di&longs;covered.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Good <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> make no je&longs;t of this advice, which me 

<lb/>thinks you rehear&longs;e in too Ironical a way; for it is not long &longs;ince 

<lb/>that a very eminent Philo&longs;opher having compo&longs;ed a Book <emph type="italics"/>de anim&agrave;,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>wherein, citing the opinion of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> about its being or not be&shy;

<lb/>ing immortal, he alledged many Texts, (not any of tho&longs;e hereto&shy;

<lb/>fore quoted by <emph type="italics"/>Alexander ab Alexandro<emph.end type="italics"/>: for in tho&longs;e he &longs;aid, that 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> had not &longs;o much as treated of that matter, much le&longs;s de&shy;

<lb/>termined any thing pertaining to the &longs;ame, but others) by him&longs;elf 

<lb/>found out in other more ab&longs;tru&longs;e places, which tended to an er&shy;

<lb/>roneous &longs;en&longs;e: and being advi&longs;ed, that he would find it an hard 

<lb/>matter to get a Licence from the Inqui&longs;itors, he writ back unto 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg240"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>his friend, that he would notwith&longs;tanding, with all expedition 

<lb/>procure the &longs;ame, for that if no other ob&longs;tacle &longs;hould interpo&longs;e, 

<lb/>he would not much &longs;cruple to change the Doctrine of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and with other expo&longs;itions, and other Texts to maintain the con&shy;

<lb/>trary opinion, which yet &longs;hould be al&longs;o agreeable to the &longs;en&longs;e of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg240"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A brave re&longs;olu&shy;

<lb/>tion of a certain<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Peripatetick <emph type="italics"/>Phi&shy;

<lb/>lo&longs;opher.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Oh mo&longs;t profound Doctor, this! that can command 

<lb/>me that I &longs;tir not a &longs;tep from <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> but will him&longs;elf lead 

<lb/>him by the no&longs;e, and make him &longs;peak as he plea&longs;eth. </s><s>See how 

<lb/>much it importeth to learn to take <emph type="italics"/>Time<emph.end type="italics"/> by the <emph type="italics"/>Fore-top.<emph.end type="italics"/> Nor 

<lb/>is it &longs;ea&longs;onable to have to do with <emph type="italics"/>Hercules,<emph.end type="italics"/> whil'&longs;t he is en&shy;

<lb/>raged, and among&longs;t the Furies, but when he is telling merry tales 

<lb/>among&longs;t the <emph type="italics"/>Meonion Damo&longs;els.<emph.end type="italics"/> Ah, unheard of &longs;ordidne&longs;&longs;e of 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg241"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;ervile &longs;ouls! to make them&longs;elves willing &longs;laves to other mens opi&shy;

<lb/>nions; to receive them for inviolable Decrees, to engage them&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elves to &longs;eem &longs;atisfied and convinced by arguments, of &longs;uch effi&shy;

<lb/>cacy, and &longs;o manife&longs;tly concludent, that they them&longs;elves can&shy;

<lb/>not certainly re&longs;olve whether they were really writ to that pur&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;e, or &longs;erve to prove that a&longs;&longs;umption in hand, or the contrary. 

<lb/></s><s>But, which is a greater madne&longs;&longs;e, they are at variance among&longs;t 

<lb/>them&longs;elves, whether the Author him&longs;elf hath held the affirmative 

<lb/>part, or the negative. </s><s>What is this, but to make an Oracle of a 

<lb/>Log, and to run to that for an&longs;wers, to fear that, to reverence 

<lb/>and adore that?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg241"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;ervile &longs;pi&shy;

<lb/>rit of &longs;ome of<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&shy;

<lb/>&longs;totles <emph type="italics"/>followers.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>But in ca&longs;e we &longs;hould recede from <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle,<emph.end type="italics"/> who have 

<lb/>we to be our Guid in Philo&longs;ophy? </s><s>Name you &longs;ome Author.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We need a Guid in unknown and uncouth wayes, but 

<lb/>in champion places, and open plains, the blind only &longs;tand in need 

<lb/>of a Leader; and for &longs;uch, it is better that they &longs;tay at home. 

<lb/></s><s>But he that hath eyes in his head, and in his mind, him &longs;hould 

<lb/>a man choo&longs;e for his Guid. </s><s>Yet mi&longs;take me not, thinking that I 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg242"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;peak this, for that I am again&longs;t hearing of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>; for on the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/104.jpg" pagenum="96"/>contrary, I commend the reading, and diligently &longs;tudying of him; 

<lb/>and onely blame the &longs;ervile giving ones &longs;elf up a &longs;lave unto him, 

<lb/>&longs;o, as blindly to &longs;ub&longs;cribe to what ever he delivers, and without 

<lb/>&longs;earch of any farther rea&longs;on thereof, to receive the &longs;ame for an in&shy;

<lb/>violable decree. </s><s>Which is an abu&longs;e, that carrieth with it ano&shy;

<lb/>ther great inconvenience, to wit, that others will no longer take 

<lb/>pains to under&longs;tand the validity of his Demon&longs;trations. </s><s>And 

<lb/>what is more &longs;hameful, than in the midde&longs;t of publique di&longs;putes, 

<lb/>while&longs;t one per&longs;on is treating of demon&longs;trable conclu&longs;ions, to 

<lb/>hear aother interpo&longs;e with a pa&longs;&longs;age of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and not &longs;el&shy;

<lb/>dome writ to quite another purpo&longs;e, and with that to &longs;top the 

<lb/>mouth of his opponent? </s><s>But if you will continue to &longs;tudy in this 

<lb/>manner, I would have you lay a&longs;ide the name of Philo&longs;ophers; 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg243"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>and call your &longs;elves either Hi&longs;torians or Doctors of Memory, for 

<lb/>it is not &longs;it, that tho&longs;e who never philo&longs;ophate, &longs;hould u&longs;urp 

<lb/>the honourable title of Philo&longs;ophers. </s><s>But it is be&longs;t for us to re&shy;

<lb/>turn to &longs;hore, and not lanch farther into a boundle&longs;&longs;e Gulph, out 

<lb/>of which we &longs;hall not be able to get before night. </s><s>Therefore 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> come either with arguments and demon&longs;trations of 

<lb/>your own, or of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and bring us no more Texts and na&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg244"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ked authorities, for our di&longs;putes are about the Sen&longs;ible World, 

<lb/>and not one of Paper. </s><s>And fora&longs;much as in our di&longs;cour&longs;es ye&longs;ter&shy;

<lb/>day, we retrein'd the Earth from darkne&longs;&longs;e, and expo&longs;ed it to the 

<lb/>open skie, &longs;hewing, that the attempt to enumerate it among&longs;t 

<lb/>tho&longs;e which we call C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies, was not a po&longs;ition &longs;o foil'd, 

<lb/>and vanqui&longs;h't, as that it had no life left in it; it followeth next, 

<lb/>that we proceed to examine what probability there is for holding 

<lb/>of it fixt, and wholly immoveable, <emph type="italics"/>&longs;cilicet<emph.end type="italics"/> as to its entire Globe, 

<lb/>what likelyhood there is for making it moveable with &longs;ome motion, 

<lb/>and of what kind that may be. </s><s>And fora&longs;much as in this &longs;ame 

<lb/>que&longs;tion I am ambiguous, and <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> is re&longs;olute, as likewi&longs;e 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> for the opinion of its immobility, he &longs;hall one by one 

<lb/>produce the arguments in favour of their opinion, and I will al&shy;

<lb/>ledge the an&longs;wers and rea&longs;ons on the contrary part; and next <emph type="italics"/>Sa&shy;

<lb/>gredus<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hall tell us his thoughts, and to which &longs;ide he finds him&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elf inclined.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg242"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Too clo&longs;e adhe&shy;

<lb/>ring to<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>is 

<lb/>blameable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg243"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is not ju&longs;t, that 

<lb/>tho&longs;e who never 

<lb/>philo&longs;ophate, &longs;hould 

<lb/>u&longs;urp the title of 

<lb/>Philo&longs;ophers.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg244"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Sen&longs;ible 

<lb/>World.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Content; provided alwayes that I may re&longs;erve the li&shy;

<lb/>berty to my &longs;elf of alledging what pure natural rea&longs;on &longs;hall &longs;ome&shy;

<lb/>times dictate to me.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Nay more, it is that which I particularly beg of you; 

<lb/>for, among&longs;t the more ea&longs;ie, and, to &longs;o &longs;peak, material con&longs;idera&shy;

<lb/>tions, I believe there are but few of them that have been omit&shy;

<lb/>ted by Writers, &longs;o that onely &longs;ome of the more &longs;ubtle, and re&shy;

<lb/>mote can be de&longs;ired, or wanting; and to inve&longs;tigate the&longs;e, what 

<lb/>other ingenuity can be more &longs;it than that of the mo&longs;t acute and 

<lb/>piercing wit of <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/>?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/105.jpg" pagenum="97"/><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am what ever plea&longs;eth <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> but I pray you, 

<lb/>let us not &longs;ally out into another kind of digre&longs;&longs;ion complemental; 

<lb/>for at this time I am a Philo&longs;opher, and in the Schools, not in the 

<lb/>Court.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Let our contemplation begin therefore with this con&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>deration, that what&longs;oever motion may be a&longs;cribed to the Earth, 

<lb/>it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that it be to us, (as inhabitants upon it, and con&longs;e&shy;

<lb/>quently partakers of the &longs;ame) altogether imperceptible, and as if 

<lb/>it were not at all, &longs;o long as we have regard onely to terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>things; but yet it is on the contrary, as nece&longs;&longs;ary that the &longs;ame 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg245"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>motion do &longs;eem common to all other bodies, and vi&longs;ible ob&shy;

<lb/>jects, that being &longs;eparated from the Earth, participate not of the 

<lb/>&longs;ame. </s><s>So that the true method to find whether any kind of motion 

<lb/>may be a&longs;cribed to the Earth, and that found, to know what it 

<lb/>is, is to con&longs;ider and ob&longs;erve if in bodies &longs;eparated from the 

<lb/>Earth, one may di&longs;cover any appearance of motion, which e&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg246"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>qually &longs;uiteth to all the re&longs;t; for a motion that is onely &longs;een, <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>in the <emph type="italics"/>Moon,<emph.end type="italics"/> and that hath nothing to do with <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> or <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>or any other Stars, cannot any way belong to the Earth, or to 

<lb/>any other &longs;ave the Moon alone. </s><s>Now there is a mo&longs;t general and 

<lb/>grand motion above all others, and it is that by which the Sun, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg247"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the Moon, the other Planets, and the Fixed Stars, and in a word, 

<lb/>the whole Univer&longs;e, the Earth onely excepted, appeareth in our 

<lb/>thinking to move from the Ea&longs;t towards the We&longs;t, in the &longs;pace of 

<lb/>twenty four hours; and this, as to this fir&longs;t appearance, hath no 

<lb/>ob&longs;tacle to hinder it, that it may not belong to the Earth alone, 

<lb/>as well as to all the World be&longs;ides, the Earth excepted; for the 

<lb/>&longs;ame a&longs;pects will appear in the one po&longs;ition, as in the other. 

<lb/></s><s>Hence it is that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> as having hit upon this con&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg248"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;ideration, in going about to prove the Earth to be immoveable, 

<lb/>argue not again&longs;t any other than this <emph type="italics"/>Diurnal<emph.end type="italics"/> Motion; &longs;ave onely 

<lb/>that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hinteth &longs;omething in ob&longs;cure terms again&longs;t another 

<lb/>Motion a&longs;cribed to it by an <emph type="italics"/>Ancient,<emph.end type="italics"/> of which we &longs;hall &longs;peak in 

<lb/>its place.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg245"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motions of 

<lb/>the Earth are im&shy;

<lb/>perceptible to its 

<lb/>inhabitants.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg246"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earth can 

<lb/>have no other mo&shy;

<lb/>tions, than tho&longs;e 

<lb/>which to us appear 

<lb/>commune to all the 

<lb/>rest of the Vni&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;e, the Earth 

<lb/>excepted.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg247"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Diurnal Mo&shy;

<lb/>tion, &longs;eemeth com&shy;

<lb/>mune to all the V&shy;

<lb/>niver&longs;e, &longs;ave onely 

<lb/>the Earth excepted.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg248"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Ptolomy <emph type="italics"/>argue a&shy;

<lb/>gain&longs;t the Diur&shy;

<lb/>nal Motion attri&shy;

<lb/>buted to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I very well perceive the nece&longs;&longs;ity of your illation: but 

<lb/>I meet with a doubt which I know not how to free my &longs;elf from, 

<lb/>and this it is, That <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> a&longs;&longs;igning to the Earth another mo&shy;

<lb/>tion be&longs;ide the Diurnal, which, according to the rule even now laid 

<lb/>down, ought to be to us, as to appearance, imperceptible in the 

<lb/>Earth, but vi&longs;ible in all the re&longs;t of the World; me thinks I may 

<lb/>nece&longs;&longs;arily infer, either that he hath manife&longs;tly erred in a&longs;&longs;igning 

<lb/>the Earth a motion, to which there appears not a general corre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;pondence in Heaven; or el&longs;e that if there be &longs;uch a congruity 

<lb/>therein, <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> on the other hand hath been deficient in not con&shy;

<lb/>futing this, as he hath done the other.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/106.jpg" pagenum="98"/><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You have good cau&longs;e for your doubt: and when we 

<lb/>come to treat of the other Motion, you &longs;hall &longs;ee how far <emph type="italics"/>Coper&shy;

<lb/>nicus<emph.end type="italics"/> excelled <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"/> in clearne&longs;s and &longs;ublimity of wit, in that 

<lb/>he &longs;aw what the other did not, I mean the admirable harmony 

<lb/>wherein that Motion agreed with all the other C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies. 

<lb/></s><s>But for the pre&longs;ent we will &longs;u&longs;pend this particular, and return to 

<lb/>our fir&longs;t con&longs;ideration; touching which I will proceed to propo&longs;e 

<lb/>(begining with things more general) tho&longs;e rea&longs;ons which &longs;eem to 

<lb/>favour the mobility of the Earth, and then wait the an&longs;wers which 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg249"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hall make thereto. </s><s>And fir&longs;t, if we con&longs;ider onely 

<lb/>the immen&longs;e magnitude of the Starry Sphere, compared to the 

<lb/>&longs;malne&longs;s of the Terre&longs;trial Globe, contained therein &longs;o many mil&shy;

<lb/>lions of times; and moreover weigh the velocity of the motion 

<lb/>which mu&longs;t in a day and night make an entire revolution thereof, 

<lb/>I cannot per&longs;wade my &longs;elf, that there is any man who believes it 

<lb/>more rea&longs;onable and credible, that the C&oelig;le&longs;tial Sphere turneth 

<lb/>round, and the Terre&longs;trial Globe &longs;tands &longs;till.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg249"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Why the diurnal 

<lb/>motion more pro&shy;

<lb/>bably &longs;hould belong 

<lb/>to the Earth, than 

<lb/>to the re&longs;t of the 

<lb/>Vniver&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If from the univer&longs;ality of effects, which may in nature 

<lb/>have dependence upon &longs;uch like motions, there &longs;hould indifferent&shy;

<lb/>ly follow all the &longs;ame con&longs;equences to an hair, a&longs;well in one <emph type="italics"/>Hypo&shy;

<lb/>the&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/> as in the other; yet I for my part, as to my fir&longs;t and general 

<lb/>apprehen&longs;ion, would e&longs;teem, that he which &longs;hould hold it more ra&shy;

<lb/>tional to make the whole Univer&longs;e move, and thereby to &longs;alve the 

<lb/>Earths mobility, is more unrea&longs;onable than he that being got to 

<lb/>the top of your Turret, &longs;hould de&longs;ire, to the end onely that he 

<lb/>might behold the City, and the Fields about it, that the whole 

<lb/>Country might turn round, that &longs;o he might not be put to the 

<lb/>trouble to &longs;tir his head. </s><s>And yet doubtle&longs;s the advantages would 

<lb/>be many and great which the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican Hypothe&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/> is attended 

<lb/>with, above tho&longs;e of the <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomaique,<emph.end type="italics"/> which in my opinion re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;embleth, nay &longs;urpa&longs;&longs;eth that other folly; &longs;o that all this makes 

<lb/>me think that far more probable than this. </s><s>But haply <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle, 

<lb/>Ptolomey,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> may find the advantages of their Sy&shy;

<lb/>&longs;teme, which they would do well to communicate to us al&longs;o, if 

<lb/>any &longs;uch there be; or el&longs;e declare to me, that there neither are or 

<lb/>can be any &longs;uch things.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>For my part, as I have not been able, as much as I have 

<lb/>thought upon it, to find any diver&longs;ity therein; &longs;o I think I have 

<lb/>found, that no &longs;uch diver&longs;ity can be in them: in &longs;o much that I 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg250"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>e&longs;teem it to no purpo&longs;e to &longs;eek farther after it. </s><s>Therefore ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erve: Motion is &longs;o far Motion, and as Motion operateth, by how 

<lb/>far it hath relation to things which want Motion: but in tho&longs;e 

<lb/>things which all equally partake thereof it hath nothing to do, and 

<lb/>is as if it never were. </s><s>And thus the Merchandi&longs;es with which a 

<lb/>&longs;hip is laden, &longs;o far move, by how far leaving <emph type="italics"/>London,<emph.end type="italics"/> they pa&longs;s 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/107.jpg" pagenum="99"/>by <emph type="italics"/>France, Spain, Italy,<emph.end type="italics"/> and &longs;ail to <emph type="italics"/>Aleppo,<emph.end type="italics"/> which <emph type="italics"/>London, France, 

<lb/>Spain &amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;tand &longs;till, not moving with the &longs;hip: but as to the 

<lb/>Che&longs;ts, Bales and other Parcels, wherewith the &longs;hip is &longs;tow'd and 

<lb/>and laden, and in re&longs;pect of the &longs;hip it &longs;elf, the Motion from <emph type="italics"/>Lon&shy;

<lb/>don<emph.end type="italics"/> to <emph type="italics"/>Syria<emph.end type="italics"/> is as much as nothing; and nothing-altereth the re&shy;

<lb/>lation which is between them: and this, becau&longs;e it is common to 

<lb/>all, and is participated by all alike: and of the Cargo which is in 

<lb/>the &longs;hip, if a Bale were romag'd from a Che&longs;t but one inch onely, 

<lb/>this alone would be in that Cargo, a greater Motion in re&longs;pect of 

<lb/>the Che&longs;t, than the whole Voyage of above three thou&longs;and miles, 

<lb/>made by them as they were &longs;tived together.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg250"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Motion, as to the 

<lb/>things that equally 

<lb/>move thereby, is as 

<lb/>of it never were, &amp; 

<lb/>&longs;o far operates as it 

<lb/>hath relation to 

<lb/>things deprived of 

<lb/>motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This Doctrine is good, &longs;ound, and altogether <emph type="italics"/>Peri&shy;

<lb/>patetick.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I hold it to be much more antient: and &longs;u&longs;pect that <emph type="italics"/>A-<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg251"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>ri&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> in receiving it from &longs;ome good School, did not fully under&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tand it, and that therefore, having delivered it with &longs;ome altera&shy;

<lb/>tion, it hath been an occa&longs;ion of confu&longs;ion among&longs;t tho&longs;e, who 

<lb/>would defend whatever he &longs;aith. </s><s>And when he writ, that what&shy;

<lb/>&longs;oever moveth, doth move upon &longs;omething immoveable, I &longs;uppo&longs;e 

<lb/>that he equivocated, and meant, that whatever moveth, moveth 

<lb/>in re&longs;pect to &longs;omething immoveable; which propo&longs;ition admitteth 

<lb/>no doubt, and the other many.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg251"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A propo&longs;ition ta&shy;

<lb/>ken by<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>from the Antients, 

<lb/>but &longs;omewhat al&shy;

<lb/>tered by him.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Pray you make no digre&longs;&longs;ion, but proceed in the di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ertation you began.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It being therefore manife&longs;t, that the motion which is 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg252"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>common to many moveables, is idle, and as it were, null as to the 

<lb/>relation of tho&longs;e moveables between them&longs;elves, becau&longs;e that a&shy;

<lb/>mong them&longs;elves they have made no change: and that it is ope&shy;

<lb/>rative onely in the relation that tho&longs;e moveables have to other 

<lb/>things, which want that motion, among which the habitude is 

<lb/>changed: and we having divided the Univer&longs;e into two parts, one 

<lb/>of which is nece&longs;&longs;arily moveable, and the other immoveable; for 

<lb/>the obtaining of what&longs;oever may depend upon, or be required 

<lb/>from &longs;uch a motion, it may as well be done by making the Earth 

<lb/>alone, as by making all the re&longs;t of the World to move: for that 

<lb/>the operation of &longs;uch a motion con&longs;i&longs;ts in nothing el&longs;e, &longs;ave in 

<lb/>the relation or habitude which is between the C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies, 

<lb/>and the Earth, the which relation is all that is changed. </s><s>Now if 

<lb/>for the obtaining of the &longs;ame effect <emph type="italics"/>ad unguem,<emph.end type="italics"/> it be all one whe&shy;

<lb/>ther the Earth alone moveth, the re&longs;t of the Univer&longs;e &longs;tanding 

<lb/>&longs;till; or that, the Earth onely &longs;tanding &longs;till, the whole Univer&longs;e 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg253"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>moveth with one and the &longs;ame motion; who would believe, that 

<lb/>Nature (which by common con&longs;ent, doth not that by many things, 

<lb/>which may be done by few) hath cho&longs;en to make an innumerable 

<lb/>number of mo&longs;t va&longs;t bodies move, and that with an unconceivable 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/108.jpg" pagenum="100"/>velocity, to perform that, which might be done by the moderate 

<lb/>motion of one alone about its own Centre?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg252"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The fir&longs;t di&longs;cour&longs;e 

<lb/>to prove that the 

<lb/>diurnal motion be&shy;

<lb/>longs to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg253"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Nature never 

<lb/>doth that by many 

<lb/>things, which may 

<lb/>be done by a few.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I do not well under&longs;tand, how this grand motion &longs;ig&shy;

<lb/>ni&longs;ieth nothing as to the Sun, as to the Moon, as to the other Pla&shy;

<lb/>nets, and as to the innumerable multitude of fixed &longs;tars: or why 

<lb/>you &longs;hould &longs;ay that it is to no purpo&longs;e for the Sun to pa&longs;s from one 

<lb/>Meridian to another; to ri&longs;e above this Horizon, to &longs;et beneath 

<lb/>that other; to make it one while day, another while night: the 

<lb/>like variations are made by the Moon, the other Planets, and the 

<lb/>fixed &longs;tars them&longs;elves.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>All the&longs;e alterations in&longs;tanced by you, are nothing, &longs;ave 

<lb/>onely in relation to the Earth: and that this is true, do but i&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg254"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>magine the Earth to move, and there will be no &longs;uch thing in the 

<lb/>World as the ri&longs;ing or &longs;etting of the Sun or Moon, nor Horizons, 

<lb/>nor Meridians, nor days, nor nights; nor, in a word, will &longs;uch a 

<lb/>motion cau&longs;e any mutation between the Moon and Sun, or any 

<lb/>other &longs;tar what&longs;oever, whether fixed or erratick; but all the&longs;e 

<lb/>changes have relation to the Earth: which all do yet in &longs;um 

<lb/>import no other than as if the Sun &longs;hould &longs;hew it &longs;elf now to 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>China,<emph.end type="italics"/> anon to <emph type="italics"/>Per&longs;ia,<emph.end type="italics"/> then to <emph type="italics"/>Egypt, Greece, France, Spain, A&shy;

<lb/>merica, &amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> and the like holdeth in the Moon, and the re&longs;t of the 

<lb/>C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies: which &longs;elf &longs;ame effect falls out exactly in the 

<lb/>&longs;ame manner, if, without troubling &longs;o great a part of the Univer&longs;e, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg255"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the Terre&longs;trial Globe be made to revolve in it &longs;elf. </s><s>But we will 

<lb/>augment the difficulty by the addition of this other, which is a 

<lb/>very great one, namely, that if you will a&longs;cribe this <emph type="italics"/>Great<emph.end type="italics"/> Motion to 

<lb/>Heaven, you mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity make it contrary to the particular 

<lb/>motion of all the Orbs of the Planets, each of which without 

<lb/>controver&longs;ie hath its peculiar motion from the We&longs;t towards the 

<lb/>Ea&longs;t, and this but very ea&longs;ie and moderate: and then you make 

<lb/>them to be hurried to the contrary part, <emph type="italics"/>i. </s><s>e.<emph.end type="italics"/> from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t, 

<lb/>by this mo&longs;t furious diurnal motion: whereas, on the contrary, 

<lb/>making the Earth to move in it &longs;elf, the contrariety of motions is 

<lb/>taken away, and the onely motion from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t is accom&shy;

<lb/>modated to all appearances, and exactly &longs;atisfieth every <emph type="italics"/>Ph&oelig;no&shy;

<lb/>menon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg254"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The diurnal mo&shy;

<lb/>tion cau&longs;eth no 

<lb/>mutation among&longs;t 

<lb/>the C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bo&shy;

<lb/>dies, but all chan&shy;

<lb/>ges have relation 

<lb/>to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg255"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A &longs;ccond con&shy;

<lb/>firmation that the 

<lb/>diurnal motion be&shy;

<lb/>longs to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>As to the contrariety of Motions it would import lit&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg256"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tle, for <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> demon&longs;trateth, that circular motions, are not con&shy;

<lb/>trary to one another; and that theirs cannot be truly called con&shy;

<lb/>trariety.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg256"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Circular moti&shy;

<lb/>ons are not contra&shy;

<lb/>ry, according to<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Ari&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Doth <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> demon&longs;trate this, or doth he not rather 

<lb/>barely affirm it, as &longs;erving to &longs;ome certain de&longs;ign of his? </s><s>If con&shy;

<lb/>traries be tho&longs;e things, that de&longs;troy one another, as he him&longs;elf 

<lb/>affirmeth, I do not &longs;ee how two moveables that encounter each 

<lb/>other in a circular line, &longs;hould le&longs;&longs;e prejudice one another, than if 

<lb/>they interfered in a right line.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/109.jpg" pagenum="101"/><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Hold a little, I pray you. </s><s>Tell me <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> when 

<lb/>two Knights encounter each other, tilting in open field, or when 

<lb/>two whole Squadrons, or two Fleets at Sea, make up to grapple, 

<lb/>and are broken and &longs;unk, do you call the&longs;e encounters contrary to 

<lb/>one another?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. Yes, we &longs;ay they are contrary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>How then, is there no contrariety in circular motions. 

<lb/></s><s>The&longs;e motions, being made upon the &longs;uper&longs;icies of the Earth or 

<lb/>Water, which are, as you know, &longs;pherical, come to be circular. 

<lb/></s><s>Can you tell, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> which tho&longs;e circular motions be, that 

<lb/>are not contrary to each other? </s><s>They are (if I mi&longs;take not) tho&longs;e 

<lb/>of two circles, which touching one another without, one thereof 

<lb/>being turn'd round, naturally maketh the other move the contra&shy;

<lb/>ry ^{*} way; but if one of them &longs;hall be within the other, it is im&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg257"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible that their motion being made towards different points, 

<lb/>they &longs;hould not ju&longs;tle one another.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg257"></margin.target>As you &longs;ee in a 

<lb/>Mill, wherein the 

<lb/>implicated cogs &longs;et 

<lb/>the wheels on mo&shy;

<lb/>ving.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But be they contrary, or not contrary, the&longs;e are but 

<lb/>alterations of words; and I know, that upon the matter, it would 

<lb/>be far more proper and agreeable with Nature, if we could &longs;alve 

<lb/>all with one motion onely, than to introduce two that are (if you 

<lb/>will not call them contrary) oppo&longs;ite; yet do I not cen&longs;ure this 

<lb/>introduction (of contrary motions) as impo&longs;&longs;ible; nor pretend I 

<lb/>from the denial thereof, to inferre a nece&longs;&longs;ary Demon&longs;tration, 

<lb/>but onely a greater probability, of the other. </s><s>A third rea&longs;on 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg258"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>which maketh the <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomaique Hypothe&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/> le&longs;&longs;e probable is, that it 

<lb/>mo&longs;t unrea&longs;onably confoundeth the order, which we a&longs;&longs;uredly 

<lb/>&longs;ee to be among&longs;t tho&longs;e C&oelig;le&longs;tial Bodies, the circumgyration of 

<lb/>which is not que&longs;tionable, but mo&longs;t certain. </s><s>And that Order is, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg259"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that according as an Orb is greater, it fini&longs;heth its revolution in a 

<lb/>longer time, and the le&longs;&longs;er, in &longs;horter. </s><s>And thus <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> de&longs;cri&shy;

<lb/>bing a greater Circle than all the other Planets, compleateth the 

<lb/>&longs;ame in thirty yeares: <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> fini&longs;heth his; that is le&longs;&longs;e, in 

<lb/>twelve years: <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> in two: The Moon runneth thorow hers, &longs;o 

<lb/>much le&longs;&longs;e than the re&longs;t, in a Moneth onely. </s><s>Nor do we le&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>&longs;en&longs;ibly &longs;ee that of the <emph type="italics"/>Medicean Stars,<emph.end type="italics"/> which is neare&longs;t to <emph type="italics"/>Ju-<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg260"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>piter,<emph.end type="italics"/> to make its revolution in a very &longs;hort time, that is, in four 

<lb/>and forty hours, or thereabouts, the next to that in three dayes and 

<lb/>an half, the third in &longs;even dayes, and the mo&longs;t remote in &longs;ixteen. 

<lb/></s><s>And this rate holdeth well enough, nor will it at all alter, while&longs;t 

<lb/>we a&longs;&longs;ign the motion of 24 hours to the Terre&longs;trial Globe, for it 

<lb/>to move round its own center in that time; but if you would have 

<lb/>the Earth immoveable, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that when you have pa&longs;t 

<lb/>from the &longs;hort period of the Moon, to the others &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively 

<lb/>bigger, until you come to that of <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> in two years, and from 

<lb/>thence to that of the bigger Sphere of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> in twelve years, and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/110.jpg" pagenum="102"/>from this to the other yet bigger of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> who&longs;e period is of 

<lb/>thirty years, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, I &longs;ay, that you pa&longs;&longs;e to another 

<lb/>Sphere incomparably greater &longs;till than that, and make this to ac&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg261"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>compli&longs;h an entire revolution in twenty four hours. </s><s>And this yet is 

<lb/>the lea&longs;t di&longs;order that can follow. </s><s>For if any one &longs;hould pa&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>from the Sphere of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> to the Starry Orb, and make it &longs;o 

<lb/>much bigger than that of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> as proportion would require, in 

<lb/>re&longs;pect of its very &longs;low motion, of many thou&longs;ands of years, then 

<lb/>it mu&longs;t needs be a <emph type="italics"/>Salt<emph.end type="italics"/> much more ab&longs;urd, to skip from this to 

<lb/>another bigger, and to make it convertible in twenty four hours. 

<lb/></s><s>But the motion of the Earth being granted, the order of the pe&shy;

<lb/>riods will be exactly ob&longs;erved, and from the very &longs;low Sphere of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> we come to the fixed Stars, which are wholly immovea&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg262"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ble, and &longs;o avoid a fourth difficulty, which we mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity ad&shy;

<lb/>mit, if the Starry Sphere be &longs;uppo&longs;ed moveable, and that is the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg263"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>immen&longs;e di&longs;parity between the motions of tho&longs;e &longs;tars them&longs;elves; 

<lb/>of which &longs;ome would come to move mo&longs;t &longs;wiftly in mo&longs;t va&longs;t cir&shy;

<lb/>cles, others mo&longs;t &longs;lowly in circles very &longs;mall, according as tho&longs;e 

<lb/>or the&longs;e &longs;hould be found nearer, or more remote from the Poles; 

<lb/>which &longs;till is accompanied with an inconvenience, as well becau&longs;e 

<lb/>we &longs;ee tho&longs;e, of who&longs;e motion there is no que&longs;tion to be made, 

<lb/>to move all in very immen&longs;e circles; as al&longs;o, becau&longs;e it &longs;eems to 

<lb/>be an act done with no good con&longs;ideration, to con&longs;titute bodies, 

<lb/>that are de&longs;igned to move circularly, at immen&longs;e di&longs;tances from 

<lb/>the centre, and afterwards to make them move in very &longs;mall cir&shy;

<lb/>cles. </s><s>And not onely the magnitudes of the circles, and con&longs;e&shy;

<lb/>quently the velocity of the motions of the&longs;e Stars, &longs;hall be mo&longs;t 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg264"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>different from the circles and motions of tho&longs;e others, but 

<lb/>(which &longs;hall be the fifth inconvenience) the &longs;elf-&longs;ame Stars 

<lb/>&longs;hall &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively vary its circles and velocities: For that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg265"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tho&longs;e, which two thou&longs;and years &longs;ince were in the Equinoctial, 

<lb/>and con&longs;equently did with their motion de&longs;cribe very va&longs;t cir&shy;

<lb/>cles, being in our dayes many degrees di&longs;tant from thence, mu&longs;t 

<lb/>of nece&longs;&longs;ity become more &longs;low of motion, and be reduced to 

<lb/>move in le&longs;&longs;er circles, and it is not altogether impo&longs;&longs;ible but that 

<lb/>a time may come, in which &longs;ome of them which in aforetime had 

<lb/>continually moved, &longs;hall be reduced by uniting with the Pole, to 

<lb/>a &longs;tate of re&longs;t, and then after &longs;ome time of ce&longs;&longs;ation, &longs;hall return 

<lb/>to their motion again; whereas the other Stars, touching who&longs;e 

<lb/>motion none &longs;tand in doubt, do all de&longs;cribe, as hath been &longs;aid, 

<lb/>the great circle of their Orb, and in that maintain them&longs;elves 

<lb/>without any variation. </s><s>The ab&longs;urdity is farther enlarged (which 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg266"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>let be the &longs;ixth inconvenience) to him that more &longs;eriou&longs;ly exami&shy;

<lb/>neth the thing, in that no thought can comprehend what ought to 

<lb/>be the &longs;olidity of that immen&longs;e Sphere, who&longs;e depth &longs;o &longs;tedfa&longs;tly 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/111.jpg" pagenum="103"/>holdeth fa&longs;t &longs;uch a multitude of Stars, which without ever chang&shy;

<lb/>ing fite among them&longs;elves, are with &longs;o much concord carried a&shy;

<lb/>bout, with &longs;o great di&longs;parity of motions. </s><s>Or el&longs;e, &longs;uppo&longs;ing the 

<lb/>Heavens to be fluid, as we are with more rea&longs;on to believe, &longs;o 

<lb/>as that every Star wandereth to and fro in it, by wayes of its 

<lb/>own, what rules &longs;hall regulate their motions, and to what pur&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;e, &longs;o, as that being beheld from the Earth, they appear as if 

<lb/>they were made by one onely Sphere? </s><s>It is my opinion, that they 

<lb/>might &longs;o much more ea&longs;ily do that, and in a more commodious 

<lb/>manner, by being con&longs;tituted immoveable, than by being made 

<lb/>errant, by how much more facile it is to number the quarries in the 

<lb/>Pavement of a <emph type="italics"/>Piazza,<emph.end type="italics"/> than the rout of boyes which run up and 

<lb/>down upon them. </s><s>And la&longs;tly, which is the &longs;eventh in&longs;tance, if 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg267"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>we atribute the Diurnal Motion to the highe&longs;t Heaven, it mu&longs;t be 

<lb/>con&longs;tituted of &longs;uch a force and efficacy, as to carry along with 

<lb/>it the innumerable multitude of fixed Stars, Bodies all of va&longs;t 

<lb/>magnitude, and far bigger than the Earth; and moreover all the 

<lb/>Spheres of the Planets; notwith&longs;tanding that both the&longs;e and tho&longs;e 

<lb/>of their own nature move the contrary way. </s><s>And be&longs;ides all this, 

<lb/>it mu&longs;t be granted, that al&longs;o the Element of Fire, and the great&shy;

<lb/>er part of the Air, are likewi&longs;e forcibly hurried along with the 

<lb/>re&longs;t, and that the &longs;ole little Globe of the Earth pertinaciou&longs;ly 

<lb/>&longs;tands &longs;till, and unmoved again&longs;t &longs;uch an impul&longs;e; a thing, which 

<lb/>in my thinking, is very difficult; nor can I &longs;ee how the Earth, a 

<lb/>pendent body, and equilibrated upon its centre, expo&longs;ed indif&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg268"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ferently to either motion or re&longs;t, and environed with a liquid <emph type="italics"/>am&shy;

<lb/>bient,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hould not yield al&longs;o as the re&longs;t, and be carried about. 

<lb/></s><s>But we find none of the&longs;e ob&longs;tacles in making the Earth to move; 

<lb/>a &longs;mall body, and in&longs;en&longs;ible, compared to the Univer&longs;e, and 

<lb/>therefore unable to offer it any violence.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg258"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A third confir&shy;

<lb/>mation of the &longs;ame 

<lb/>Doctrine.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg259"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The greater Orbs 

<lb/>make their conver&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ions in greater 

<lb/>times.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg260"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The times of the<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Medicean <emph type="italics"/>Planets 

<lb/>conver&longs;ions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg261"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motion of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>24 <emph type="italics"/>hours a&longs;cribed 

<lb/>to the highe&longs;t 

<lb/>Sphere di&longs;orders 

<lb/>the period of the 

<lb/>inferiour.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg262"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The fourth Con&shy;

<lb/>firmation.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg263"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Great di&longs;parity 

<lb/>among&longs;t the moti&shy;

<lb/>ons of the particu&shy;

<lb/>lar fixed &longs;tars, if 

<lb/>their Sphere be 

<lb/>moveable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg264"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The fifth Con&shy;

<lb/>firmation.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg265"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motions of 

<lb/>the fixed &longs;tars 

<lb/>would accelerate 

<lb/>and grow &longs;low in 

<lb/>divers times, if the 

<lb/>&longs;tarry Sphere were 

<lb/>moueable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg266"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;ixth Con&shy;

<lb/>firmatiox.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg267"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Seventh Con&shy;

<lb/>firmation.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg268"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earth a 

<lb/>pendent Body, and 

<lb/>equilibrated in a 

<lb/>fluid<emph.end type="italics"/> Medium 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;eems unable to 

<lb/>re&longs;i&longs;t the rapture 

<lb/>of the Diurnal 

<lb/>Motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I find my fancy di&longs;turbed with certain conjectures &longs;o con&shy;

<lb/>fu&longs;edly &longs;prung from your later di&longs;cour&longs;es; that, if I would be ena&shy;

<lb/>bled to apply my &longs;elf with atention to what followeth, I mu&longs;t of ne&shy;

<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ity attempt whether I can better methodize them, and gather 

<lb/>thence their true con&longs;truction, if haply any can be made of them; 

<lb/>and peradventure, the proceeding by interrogations may help me 

<lb/>the more ea&longs;ily to expre&longs;&longs;e my &longs;elf. </s><s>Therefore I demand fir&longs;t of <emph type="italics"/>Sim&shy;

<lb/>plicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> whether he believeth, that divers motions may natural&shy;

<lb/>ly agree to one and the &longs;ame moveable body, or el&longs;e that it be 

<lb/>requi&longs;ite its natural and proper motion be onely one.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>To one &longs;ingle moveable, there can naturally agree 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg269"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>but one &longs;ole motion, and no more; the re&longs;t all happen acciden&shy;

<lb/>tally and by participation; like as to him that walketh upon the 

<lb/>Deck of a Ship, his proper motion is that of his walk, his motion 

<lb/>by participation that which carrieth him to his Port, whither he 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/112.jpg" pagenum="104"/>would never with his walking have arrived, if the Ship with its 

<lb/>motion had not wafted him thither.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg269"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A &longs;ingle move&shy;

<lb/>able hath but onely 

<lb/>one natural moti&shy;

<lb/>on, and all the 

<lb/>re&longs;t are by partici&shy;

<lb/>pation.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Tell me &longs;econdly. </s><s>That motion, which is communi&shy;

<lb/>cated to any moveable by participation, while&longs;t it moveth by it 

<lb/>&longs;elf, with another motion different from the participated, is it 

<lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ary, that it do re&longs;ide in &longs;ome certain &longs;ubject by it &longs;elf, or 

<lb/>el&longs;e can it &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;t in nature alone, without other &longs;upport.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> giveth you an an&longs;wer to all the&longs;e que&longs;tions, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg270"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>and tels you, that as of one &longs;ole moveable the motion is but one; 

<lb/>&longs;o of one &longs;ole motion the moveable is but one; and con&longs;equent&shy;

<lb/>ly, that without the inherence in its &longs;ubject, no motion can ei&shy;

<lb/>ther &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;t, or be imagined.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg270"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Motion cannot 

<lb/>be made without 

<lb/>its moveable &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>ject.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I would have you tell me in the third place, whether 

<lb/>you beblieve that the Moon and the other Planets and C&oelig;le&longs;tial 

<lb/>bodies, have their proper motions, and what they are.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>They have &longs;o, and they be tho&longs;e according to which 

<lb/>they run through the Zodiack, the Moon in a Moneth, the Sun 

<lb/>in a Year, <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> in two, the Starry Sphere in tho&longs;e &longs;o many thou&shy;

<lb/>&longs;and. </s><s>And the&longs;e are their proper, or natural motions.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But that motion wherewith I &longs;ee the fixed Stars, and 

<lb/>with them all the Planets go unitedly from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t, and re&shy;

<lb/>turn round to the Ea&longs;t again in twenty four hours, how doth it 

<lb/>agree with them?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It &longs;uiteth with them by participation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This then re&longs;ides not in them, and not re&longs;iding in 

<lb/>them, nor being able to &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;t without &longs;ome &longs;ubject in which it 

<lb/>is re&longs;ident, it mu&longs;t of force be the proper and natural motion of 

<lb/>&longs;ome other Sphere.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>For this purpo&longs;e A&longs;tronomers, and Philo&longs;ophers have 

<lb/>found another high Sphere, above all the re&longs;t, without Stars, to 

<lb/>which Natural agreeth the Diurnal Motion; and this they call 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Primum mobile<emph.end type="italics"/>; the which carrieth along with it all the in&shy;

<lb/>feriour Spheres, contributing and imparting its motion to 

<lb/>them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But when, without introducing other Spheres unknown 

<lb/>and hugely va&longs;t, without other motions or communicated raptures, 

<lb/>with leaving to each Sphere its &longs;ole and &longs;imple motion, without 

<lb/>intermixing contrary motions, but making all turn one way, as 

<lb/>it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that they do, depending all upon one &longs;ole principle, 

<lb/>all things proceed orderly, and corre&longs;pond with mo&longs;t perfect har&shy;

<lb/>mony, why do we reject this <emph type="italics"/>Ph&oelig;nomenon,<emph.end type="italics"/> and give our a&longs;&longs;ent to 

<lb/>tho&longs;e prodigious and laborious conditions?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>The difficulty lyeth in finding out this &longs;o natural and 

<lb/>expeditious way.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/113.jpg" pagenum="105"/><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>In my judgment this is found. </s><s>Make the Earth the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Primum mobile,<emph.end type="italics"/> that is, make it turn round its own <emph type="italics"/>axis<emph.end type="italics"/> in twenty 

<lb/>four hours, and towards the &longs;ame point with all the other Spheres; 

<lb/>and without participating this &longs;ame motion to any other Planet or 

<lb/>Star, all &longs;hall have their ri&longs;ings, &longs;ettings, and in a word, all their 

<lb/>other appearances.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>The bu&longs;ine&longs;s is, to be able to make the Earth move 

<lb/>without athou&longs;and inconveniences.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>All the inconveniences &longs;hall be removed as fa&longs;t as you 

<lb/>propound them: and the things &longs;poken hitherto are onely the 

<lb/>primary and more general inducements which give us to believe 

<lb/>that the diurnal conver&longs;ion may not altogether without probabi&shy;

<lb/>lity be applyed to the Earth, rather than to all the re&longs;t of the U&shy;

<lb/>niver&longs;e: the which inducements I impo&longs;e not upon you as invio&shy;

<lb/>lable Axioms, but as hints, which carry with them &longs;omewhat of 

<lb/>likelihood. </s><s>And in regard I know very well, that one &longs;ole ex&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg271"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>periment, or concludent demon&longs;tration, produced on the contrary 

<lb/>part, &longs;ufficeth to batter to the ground the&longs;e and a thou&longs;and other 

<lb/>probable Arguments; therefore it is not fit to &longs;tay here, but proceed 

<lb/>forwards and hear what <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> an&longs;wereth, and what greater 

<lb/>probabilities, or &longs;tronger arguments he alledgeth on the contrary.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg271"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>One &longs;ingle ex&shy;

<lb/>periment, or &longs;ound 

<lb/>demon&longs;tration bat&shy;

<lb/>tereth down all ar&shy;

<lb/>guments meerly 

<lb/>probable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I will fir&longs;t &longs;ay &longs;omething in general upon all the&longs;e con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;iderations together, and then I will de&longs;cend to &longs;ome particulars. 

<lb/></s><s>It &longs;eems that you univer&longs;ally bottom all you &longs;ay upon the greater 

<lb/>&longs;implicity and facility of producing the &longs;ame effects, whil&longs;t you 

<lb/>hold, that as to the cau&longs;ing of them, the motion of the Earth a&shy;

<lb/>lone, &longs;erveth <emph type="italics"/>as well<emph.end type="italics"/> as that of all the re&longs;t of the World, the Earth 

<lb/>deducted: but as to the operations, you e&longs;teem that much ea&longs;ier 

<lb/>than this. </s><s>To which I reply, that I am al&longs;o of the &longs;ame opinion, 

<lb/>&longs;o long as I regard my own not onely finite, but feeble power; 

<lb/>but having a re&longs;pect to the &longs;trength of the <emph type="italics"/>Mover,<emph.end type="italics"/> which is in&shy;

<lb/>finite, its no le&longs;&longs;e ea&longs;ie to move the Univer&longs;e, than the Earth, 

<lb/>yea than a &longs;traw. </s><s>And if his power be infinite, why &longs;hould he not 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg272"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>rather exerci&longs;e a greater part thereof than a le&longs;&longs;e? </s><s>Therefore, 

<lb/>I hold that your di&longs;cour&longs;e in general is not convincing.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg272"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Of an infinite 

<lb/>power one would 

<lb/>think a greater 

<lb/>part &longs;hould rather 

<lb/>be imploy'd than a 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If I had at any time &longs;aid, that the Univer&longs;e moved not 

<lb/>for want of power in the <emph type="italics"/>Mover,<emph.end type="italics"/> I &longs;hould have erred, and your 

<lb/>reproof would have been &longs;ea&longs;onable; and I grant you, that to 

<lb/>an infinite power, it is as ea&longs;ie to move an hundred thou&longs;and, as 

<lb/>one. </s><s>But that which I did &longs;ay, concerns not the Mover, but one&shy;

<lb/>ly hath re&longs;pect to the Moveables; and in them, not onely to 

<lb/>their re&longs;i&longs;tance, which doubtle&longs;&longs;e is le&longs;&longs;er in the Earth, than in 

<lb/>the Univer&longs;e; but to the many other particulars, but even now 

<lb/>con&longs;idered. </s><s>As to what you &longs;ay in the next place, that of an in&shy;

<lb/>finite power it is better to exerci&longs;e a great part than a &longs;mall: I an&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/114.jpg" pagenum="106"/>&longs;wer, that of infinite one part is not greater than another, &longs;ince 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg273"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>both are infinite; nor can it be &longs;aid, that of the infinite number, 

<lb/>an hundred thou&longs;and is a greater part than two, though that be 

<lb/>fifty thou&longs;and times greater than this; and if to the moving of 

<lb/>the Univer&longs;e there be required a finite power, though very great 

<lb/>in compari&longs;on of that which &longs;ufficeth to move the Earth onely; 

<lb/>yet is there not implied therein a greater part of the infinite power, 

<lb/>nor is that part le&longs;&longs;e infinite which remaineth unimploy'd. </s><s>So that 

<lb/>to apply unto a particular effect, a little more, or a little le&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>power, importeth nothing; be&longs;ides that the operation of &longs;uch 

<lb/>vertue, hath not for its bound or end the Diurnal Motion onely; 

<lb/>but there are &longs;everal other motions in the World, which we 

<lb/>know of, and many others there may be, that are to us unknown. 

<lb/></s><s>Therefore if we re&longs;pect the Moveables, and granting it as out of 

<lb/>que&longs;tion, that it is a &longs;horter and ea&longs;ier way to move the Earth, 

<lb/>than the Univer&longs;e; and moreover, having an eye to the &longs;o many 

<lb/>other abreviations, and facilities that onely this way are to be ob&shy;

<lb/>tained, an infallible Maxime of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> which he teacheth us, 

<lb/>that, <emph type="italics"/>fru&longs;tra fit per plura, quod pote&longs;t fieri per pauciora,<emph.end type="italics"/> ren&shy;

<lb/>dereth it more probable that the Diurnal Motion belongs to the 

<lb/>Earth alone, than to the Univer&longs;e, the Earth &longs;ubducted.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg273"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Of infinity one 

<lb/>part is no bigger 

<lb/>than auother, al&shy;

<lb/>though they are 

<lb/>comparatively un&shy;

<lb/>equal.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>In reciting that Axiom, you have omitted a &longs;mall 

<lb/>clau&longs;e, which importeth as much as all the re&longs;t, e&longs;pecially in our 

<lb/>ca&longs;e, that is to &longs;ay, the words <emph type="italics"/>&aelig;qu&egrave; bene.<emph.end type="italics"/> It is requi&longs;ite therefore 

<lb/>to examine whether this <emph type="italics"/>Hypothe&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/> doth <emph type="italics"/>equally well<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;atisfie in all 

<lb/>particulars, as the other.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The knowledg whether both the&longs;e po&longs;itions do <emph type="italics"/>&aelig;qu&egrave; 

<lb/>bene,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;atisfie, may be comprehended from the particular exami&shy;

<lb/>nation of the appearances which they are to &longs;atisfie; for hitherto 

<lb/>we have di&longs;cour&longs;ed, and will continue to argue <emph type="italics"/>ex hypothe&longs;i,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>namely, &longs;uppo&longs;ing, that as to the &longs;atisfaction of the appearances, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg274"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>both the a&longs;&longs;umptions are equally accomodated. </s><s>As to the clau&longs;e 

<lb/>which you &longs;ay was omitted by me, I have more rea&longs;on to &longs;u&longs;pect 

<lb/>that it was &longs;uperfluou&longs;ly in&longs;erted by you. </s><s>For the expre&longs;&longs;ion <emph type="italics"/>&aelig;qu&egrave; 

<lb/>bene,<emph.end type="italics"/> is a relative that nece&longs;&longs;arily requireth two terms at lea&longs;t, 

<lb/>for a thing cannot have relation to its &longs;elf, nor do we &longs;ay, <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>re&longs;t to be <emph type="italics"/>equally good,<emph.end type="italics"/> as re&longs;t. </s><s>And becau&longs;e, when we &longs;ay, <emph type="italics"/>that 

<lb/>is done in vain by many means, which may be done with fewer,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>we mean, that that which is to be done, ought to be the &longs;ame 

<lb/>thing, not two different ones; and becau&longs;e the &longs;ame thing can&shy;

<lb/>not be &longs;aid to be done as well as its &longs;elf; therefore, the addition 

<lb/>of the Phra&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>&aelig;qu&egrave; bene<emph.end type="italics"/> is &longs;uperfluous, and a relation, that hath 

<lb/>but one term onely.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg274"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In the Axiome<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Fru&longs;tra fit per plu&shy;

<lb/>ra, &amp;c. <emph type="italics"/>the addi&shy;

<lb/>tion of<emph.end type="italics"/> &aelig;que ben&egrave;, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>is &longs;uperfluous.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Unle&longs;&longs;e you will have the &longs;ame befal us, as did ye&longs;ter&shy;

<lb/>day, let us return to our matter in hand; and let <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> be&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/115.jpg" pagenum="107"/>gin to produce tho&longs;e difficulties that &longs;eem in his opinion, to thwart 

<lb/>this new di&longs;po&longs;ition of the World.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>That di&longs;po&longs;ition is not new, but very old, and that 

<lb/>you may &longs;ee it is &longs;o, <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> confuteth it; and his confutations 

<lb/>are the&longs;e: &ldquo;Fir&longs;t if the Earth moveth either in it felf about its 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg275"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>own Centre, or in an Excentrick Circle, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that that 

<lb/>&longs;ame motion be violent; for it is not its natural motion, for 

<lb/>if it were, each of its parts would partake thereof; but each 

<lb/>of them moveth in a right line towards its Centre. </s><s>It being 

<lb/>therefore violent and pteternatural, it could never be perpetu&shy;

<lb/>al: But the order of the World is perpetual. </s><s>Therefore, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Secondly, all the other moveables that move circularly, &longs;eem 

<lb/>to ^{*} &longs;tay behind, and to move with more than one motion, the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg276"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Primum Mobile<emph.end type="italics"/> excepted: Whence it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary that 

<lb/>the Earth al&longs;o do move with two motions; and if that &longs;hould 

<lb/>be &longs;o, it would inevitably follow, that mutations &longs;hould be 

<lb/>made in the Fixed Stars, the which none do perceive; nay 

<lb/>without any variation, the &longs;ame Stars alwayes ri&longs;e from towards 

<lb/>the &longs;ame places, and in the &longs;ame places do &longs;et. </s><s>Thirdly, the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the parts is the &longs;ame with that of the whole, and natural&shy;

<lb/>ly tendeth towards the Centre of the Univer&longs;e; and for the &longs;ame 

<lb/>cau&longs;e re&longs;t, being arrived thither. </s><s>He thereupon moves the que&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tion whether the motion of the parts hath a tendency to the 

<lb/>centre of the Univer&longs;e, or to the centre of the Earth; and conclu&shy;

<lb/>deth that it goeth by proper in&longs;tinct to the centre of the Univer&longs;e, 

<lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>per accidence<emph.end type="italics"/> to that of the Earth; of which point we largely 

<lb/>di&longs;cour&longs;ed ye&longs;terday. </s><s>He la&longs;tly confirmeth the &longs;ame with a fourth 

<lb/>argument taken from the experiment of grave bodies, which fal&shy;

<lb/>ing from on high, de&longs;cend perpendicularly unto the Earths&longs;urface; 

<lb/>and in the &longs;ame manner <emph type="italics"/>Projections<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hot perpendicularly upwards, 

<lb/>do by the &longs;ame lines return perpendicularly down again, though 

<lb/>they were &longs;hot to a very great height. </s><s>All which arguments nece&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;arily prove their motion to be towards the Centre of the Earth, 

<lb/>which without moving at all waits for, and receiveth them. </s><s>He 

<lb/>intimateth in the la&longs;t place that the A&longs;tronomers alledg other 

<lb/>rea&longs;ons in confirmation of the &longs;ame conclu&longs;ions, I mean of the 

<lb/>Earths being in the Centre of the Univer&longs;e, and immoveable; 

<lb/>and in&longs;tanceth onely in one of them, to wit, that all the <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;&shy;

<lb/>nomena<emph.end type="italics"/> or appearances that are &longs;een in the motions of the Stars, 

<lb/>perfectly agree with the po&longs;ition of the Earth in the Centre; 

<lb/>which would not be &longs;o, were the Earth &longs;eated otherwi&longs;e. 

<lb/></s><s>The re&longs;t produced by <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> and the other A&longs;tronomers, I can 

<lb/>give you now if you plea&longs;e, or after you have &longs;poken what you 

<lb/>have to &longs;ay in an&longs;wer to the&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle.&rdquo;<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg275"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totles <emph type="italics"/>Ar&shy;

<lb/>guments for the 

<lb/>Earths quie&longs;&longs;ence.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg276"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;tino indietzo,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>which is meant 

<lb/>here of that moti&shy;

<lb/>on which a bowl 

<lb/>makes when its 

<lb/>born by its by as to 

<lb/>one &longs;ide or other, 

<lb/>and &longs;o hindered in 

<lb/>its direct motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The arguments which are brought upon this occa&longs;ion 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/116.jpg" pagenum="108"/>are of two kinds: &longs;ome have re&longs;pect to the accidents Terre&longs;trial, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg277"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>without any relation to the Stars, and others are taken from the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;nomena<emph.end type="italics"/> and ob&longs;ervations of things C&oelig;le&longs;tial. </s><s>The arguments 

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> are for the mo&longs;t part taken from things neer at hand, 

<lb/>and he leaveth the others to <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomers<emph.end type="italics"/>; and therefore it is the 

<lb/>be&longs;t way, if you like of it, to examine the&longs;e taken from experi&shy;

<lb/>ments touching the Earth, and then proceed to tho&longs;e of the other 

<lb/>kind. </s><s>And becau&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy, Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> and the other <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomers<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg278"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>Philo&longs;ophers,<emph.end type="italics"/> be&longs;ides the arguments of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> by them a&longs;&longs;u&shy;

<lb/>med, confirmed, and made good, do produce certain others; we 

<lb/>will put them all together, that &longs;o we may not an&longs;wer twice to 

<lb/>the &longs;ame, or the like objections. </s><s>Therefore <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> choo&longs;e 

<lb/>whether you will recite them your &longs;elf, or cau&longs;e me to ea&longs;e you of 

<lb/>this task, for I am ready to &longs;erve you.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg277"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Two kindes of 

<lb/>Arguments tou&shy;

<lb/>ching the Earths 

<lb/>motion or rest.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg278"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Arguments of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Ptolomy <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> Ty&shy;

<lb/>cho, <emph type="italics"/>and other per&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ons, over and a&shy;

<lb/>bove tho&longs;e of<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&shy;

<lb/>&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It is better that you quote them, becau&longs;e, as having 

<lb/>taken more pains in the &longs;tudy of them, you can produce them with 

<lb/>more readine&longs;&longs;e, and in greater number.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg279"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg279"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The fir&longs;t argu&shy;

<lb/>ment taken from 

<lb/>grave bodies fal&shy;

<lb/>ling from on high 

<lb/>to the ground.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. All, for the &longs;tronge&longs;t rea&longs;on, alledge that of grave bo&shy;

<lb/>dies, which falling downwards from on high, move by a right line, 

<lb/>that is perpendicular to the &longs;urface of the Earth, an argument 

<lb/>which is held undeniably to prove that the Earth is immoveable: 

<lb/>for in ca&longs;e it &longs;hould have the diurnal motion, a Tower, from the 

<lb/>top of which a &longs;tone is let fall, being carried along by the conver&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ion of the Earth, in the time that the &longs;tone &longs;pends in falling, would 

<lb/>be tran&longs;ported many hundred yards Ea&longs;tward, and &longs;o far di&longs;tant 

<lb/>from the Towers foot would the &longs;tone come to ground. </s><s>The 

<lb/>which effect they back with another experiment; to wit, by let&shy;</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg280"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ting a bullet of lead fall from the round top of a Ship, that lieth at 

<lb/>anchor, and ob&longs;erving the mark it makes where it lights, which they 

<lb/>find to be neer the ^{*} partners of the Ma&longs;t; but if the &longs;ame bullet 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg281"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>be let fall from the &longs;ame place when the &longs;hip is under &longs;ail, it &longs;hall 

<lb/>light as far from the former place, as the &longs;hip hath run in the time 

<lb/>of the leads de&longs;cent; and this for no other rea&longs;on, than becau&longs;e 

<lb/>the natural motion of the ball being at liberty is by a right line to&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg282"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>wards the centre of the Earth. </s><s>They forti&longs;ie this argument with 

<lb/>the experiment of a projection &longs;hot on high at a very great di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance; as for example, a ball &longs;ent out of a Cannon, erected per&shy;

<lb/>pendicular to the horizon, the which &longs;pendeth &longs;o much time in a&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cending and falling, that in our parallel the Cannon and we both 

<lb/>&longs;hould be carried by the Earth many miles towards the Ea&longs;t, &longs;o 

<lb/>that the ball in its return could never come neer the Peece, but 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg283"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>would fall as far We&longs;t, as the Earth had run Ea&longs;t. </s><s>They againe 

<lb/>adde a third, and very evident experiment, <emph type="italics"/>&longs;cilicet,<emph.end type="italics"/> that &longs;hooting a 

<lb/>bullet point blank (or as Gunners &longs;ay, neither above nor under me&shy;

<lb/>tal) out of a Culverin towards the Ea&longs;t, and afterwards another, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/117.jpg" pagenum="109"/>with the &longs;ame charge, and at the &longs;ame elevation or di&longs;port towards 

<lb/>the We&longs;t, the range towards the We&longs;t &longs;hould be very much grea&shy;

<lb/>ter then the other towards the Ea&longs;t: for that whil'&longs;t the ball goeth 

<lb/>We&longs;tward, and the Peece is carried along by the Earth Ea&longs;tward, 

<lb/>the ball will fall from the Peece as far di&longs;tant as is the aggregate of 

<lb/>the two motions, one made by it &longs;elf towards the We&longs;t, and the 

<lb/>other by the Peece carried about by the Earth towards the Ea&longs;t; 

<lb/>and on the contrary, from the range of the ball &longs;hot Ea&longs;tward you 

<lb/>are to &longs;ub&longs;tract the &longs;pace the Peece moved, being carried after it. 

<lb/></s><s>Now &longs;uppo&longs;e, for example, that the range of the ball &longs;hot We&longs;t 

<lb/>were five miles, and that the Earth in the &longs;ame parallel and in the 

<lb/>time of the Bals ranging &longs;hould remove three miles, the Ball in this 

<lb/>ca&longs;e would fall eight miles di&longs;tant from the Culverin, namely, its 

<lb/>own five We&longs;tward, and the Culverins three miles Ea&longs;tward: but 

<lb/>the range of the &longs;hot towards the Ea&longs;t would be but two miles 

<lb/>long, for &longs;o much is the remainder, after you have &longs;ub&longs;tracted 

<lb/>from the five miles of the range, the three miles which the Peece 

<lb/>had moved towards the &longs;ame part. </s><s>But experience &longs;heweth the 

<lb/>Ranges to be equal, therefore the Culverin, and con&longs;equently the 

<lb/>Earth are immoveable. </s><s>And the &longs;tability of the Earth is no le&longs;fe 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg284"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>confirmed by two other &longs;hots made North and South; for they 

<lb/>would never hit the mark, but the Ranges would be alwayes wide, 

<lb/>or towards the We&longs;t, by meanes of the remove the mark would 

<lb/>make, being carried along with the Earth towards the Ea&longs;t, whil'&longs;t 

<lb/>the ball is flying. </s><s>And not onely &longs;hots made by the Meridians, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg285"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>but al&longs;o tho&longs;e aimed Ea&longs;t or We&longs;t would prove uncertain; for 

<lb/>tho&longs;e aim'd Ea&longs;t would be too high, and tho&longs;e directed We&longs;t too 

<lb/>low, although they were &longs;hot point blank, as I &longs;aid. </s><s>For the 

<lb/>Range of the Ball in both the &longs;hots being made by the Tangent, 

<lb/>that is, by a line parallel to the Horizon, and being that in the di&shy;

<lb/>urnal motion, if it be of the Earth, the Horizon goeth continually 

<lb/>de&longs;cending towards the Ea&longs;t, and ri&longs;ing from the We&longs;t (therefore 

<lb/>the Oriental Stars &longs;eem to ri&longs;e, and the Occidental to decline) &longs;o 

<lb/>that the Oriental mark would de&longs;cend below the aime, and there&shy;

<lb/>upon the &longs;hot would fly too high, and the a&longs;cending of the We&longs;t&shy;

<lb/>ern mark would make the &longs;hot aimed that way range too low; &longs;o 

<lb/>that the Peece would never carry true towards any point; and for 

<lb/>that experience telleth us the contrary, it is requi&longs;ite to &longs;ay, that 

<lb/>the Earth is immoveable.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg280"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Which is confir&shy;

<lb/>med by the experi&shy;

<lb/>ment of a body let 

<lb/>fall from the round 

<lb/>top of a Ship.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg281"></margin.target>* That is, at the 

<lb/>foot of the Ma&longs;t, 

<lb/>upon the upper 

<lb/>deck.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg282"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;econd ar&shy;

<lb/>gument taken from 

<lb/>a Projection &longs;hot 

<lb/>very high.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg283"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The third argu&shy;

<lb/>ment taken from 

<lb/>the &longs;hots of a Can&shy;

<lb/>non, towards the 

<lb/>Ea&longs;t, and towards 

<lb/>the West.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg284"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>This argument 

<lb/>is confirmed by two 

<lb/>&longs;hots towards the 

<lb/>South and towards 

<lb/>the North.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg285"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>And it is like&shy;

<lb/>wi&longs;e confirmed by 

<lb/>two &longs;hots towards 

<lb/>the Ea&longs;t, and to&shy;

<lb/>wards the We&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>The&longs;e are &longs;olid rea&longs;ons, and &longs;uch as I believe no man 

<lb/>can an&longs;wer.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Perhaps they are new to you?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Really they are; and now I &longs;ee with how many ad&shy;

<lb/>mirable experiments Nature is plea&longs;ed to favour us, wherewith to 

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;i&longs;t us in the knowledge of the Truth. </s><s>Oh! how exactly one 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/118.jpg" pagenum="110"/>truth agreeth with another, and all con&longs;pire to render each other 

<lb/>inexpugnable!</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>What pity it is that Guns were not u&longs;ed in <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totles<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>age, he would with help of them have ea&longs;ily battered down ig&shy;

<lb/>norance, and &longs;poke without h&aelig;&longs;itation of the&longs;e mundane points.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am very glad that the&longs;e rea&longs;ons are new unto you, that 

<lb/>&longs;o you may not re&longs;t in the opinion of the <emph type="italics"/>major<emph.end type="italics"/> part of <emph type="italics"/>Peripate&shy;

<lb/>ticks,<emph.end type="italics"/> who believe, that if any one for&longs;akes the Doctrine of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&shy;

<lb/>&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> it is becau&longs;e they did not under&longs;tand or rightly apprehend 

<lb/>his demon&longs;trations. </s><s>But you may expect to hear of other Novel&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg286"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ties, and you &longs;hall &longs;ee the followers of this new Sy&longs;teme produce a&shy;

<lb/>gain&longs;t them&longs;elves ob&longs;ervations, experiences, and rea&longs;ons of farre 

<lb/>greater force than tho&longs;e alledged by <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle, Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> and other 

<lb/>oppo&longs;ers of the &longs;ame conclu&longs;ions, and by this means you &longs;hall come 

<lb/>to a&longs;certain your &longs;elf that they were not induced through want of 

<lb/>knowledge or experience to follow that opinion.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg286"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"/>his 

<lb/>followers are not 

<lb/>moved through ig&shy;

<lb/>nor ance of the ar&shy;

<lb/>guments on the o&shy;

<lb/>ther part.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It is requi&longs;ite that upon this occa&longs;ion I relate unto you 

<lb/>&longs;ome accidents that befell me, &longs;o &longs;oon as I fir&longs;t began to hear &longs;peak 

<lb/>of this new doctrine. </s><s>Being very young, and having &longs;carcely fi&shy;

<lb/>ni&longs;hed my cour&longs;e of Philo&longs;ophy, which I left off, as being &longs;et upon 

<lb/>other employments, there chanced to come into the&longs;e parts a cer&shy;

<lb/>tain Foreigner of <emph type="italics"/>Ro&longs;tock,<emph.end type="italics"/> who&longs;e name, as I remember, was <emph type="italics"/>Chri-<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg287"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;tianus Vur&longs;titius,<emph.end type="italics"/> a follower of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> who in an <emph type="italics"/>Academy<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>made two or three Lectures upon this point, to whom many flock't 

<lb/>as Auditors; but I thinking they went more for the novelty of the 

<lb/>&longs;ubject than otherwi&longs;e, did not go to hear him: for I had conclu&shy;

<lb/>ded with my &longs;elf that that opinion could be no other than a &longs;olemn 

<lb/>madne&longs;&longs;e. </s><s>And que&longs;tioning &longs;ome of tho&longs;e who had been there, I 

<lb/>perceived they all made a je&longs;t thereof, execpt one, who told me 

<lb/>that the bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e was not altogether to be laugh't at, and becau&longs;e 

<lb/>this man was reputed by me to be very intelligent and wary, I re&shy;

<lb/>pented that I was not there, and began from that time forward as 

<lb/>oft as I met with any one of the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> per&longs;wa&longs;ion, to demand 

<lb/>of them, if they had been alwayes of the &longs;ame judgment; and of as 

<lb/>many as I examined, I found not &longs;o much as one, who told me not 

<lb/>that he had been a long time of the contrary opinion, but to have 

<lb/>changed it for this, as convinced by the &longs;trength of the rea&longs;ons pro&shy;

<lb/>ving the &longs;ame: and afterwards que&longs;tioning them, one by one; to 

<lb/>&longs;ee whether they were well po&longs;&longs;e&longs;t of the rea&longs;ons of the other &longs;ide; 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg288"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>I found them all to be very ready and perfect in them; &longs;o that I 

<lb/>could not truly &longs;ay, that they had took up this opinion out of ig&shy;

<lb/>norance, vanity, or to &longs;hew the acutene&longs;&longs;e of their wits. </s><s>On the 

<lb/>contrary, of as many of the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomeans<emph.end type="italics"/> as I 

<lb/>have asked (and out of curio&longs;ity I have talked with many) what 

<lb/>pains they had taken in the Book of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> I found very 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/119.jpg" pagenum="111"/>few that had &longs;o much as &longs;uperficially peru&longs;ed it; but of tho&longs;e 

<lb/>whom, I thought, had under&longs;tood the &longs;ame, not one; and more&shy;

<lb/>over, I have enquired among&longs;t the followers of the <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Doctrine, if ever any of them had held the contrary opinion, and 

<lb/>likewi&longs;e found none that had. </s><s>Whereupon con&longs;idering that there 

<lb/>was no man who followed the opinion of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that had 

<lb/>not been fir&longs;t on the contrary &longs;ide, and that was not very well ac&shy;

<lb/>quainted with the rea&longs;ons of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/>; and, on the 

<lb/>contrary, that there is not one of the followers of <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> that 

<lb/>had ever been of the judgment of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and had left that, 

<lb/>to imbrace this of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> con&longs;idering, I &longs;ay, the&longs;e things, I 

<lb/>began to think, that one, who leaveth an opinion imbued with 

<lb/>his milk, and followed by very many, to take up another owned 

<lb/>by very few, and denied by all the Schools, and that really 

<lb/>&longs;eems a very great Paradox, mu&longs;t needs have been moved, not 

<lb/>to &longs;ay forced, by more powerful rea&longs;ons. </s><s>For this cau&longs;e, I am 

<lb/>become very curious to dive, as they &longs;ay, into the bottom of this 

<lb/>bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e, and account it my great good fortune that I have met 

<lb/>you two, from whom I may without any trouble, hear all that 

<lb/>hath been, and, haply, can be &longs;aid on this argument, a&longs;&longs;uring 

<lb/>my &longs;elf that the &longs;trength of your rea&longs;ons will re&longs;olve all &longs;cruples, 

<lb/>and bring me to a certainty in this &longs;ubject.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg287"></margin.target>Chri&longs;tianus Vur&shy;

<lb/>&longs;titius <emph type="italics"/>read certain 

<lb/>Lectures touching 

<lb/>the opinion of<emph.end type="italics"/> Co&shy;

<lb/>pernicus, <emph type="italics"/>&amp; what 

<lb/>en&longs;ued thereupon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg288"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The followers of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Copernicus <emph type="italics"/>were 

<lb/>all fir&longs;t again&longs;t 

<lb/>that opinion, but 

<lb/>the Sectators of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>&amp;<emph.end type="italics"/> Pto&shy;

<lb/>lomy, <emph type="italics"/>were never 

<lb/>of the other &longs;ide.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>But its po&longs;&longs;ible your opinion and hopes may be di&longs;ap&shy;

<lb/>pointed, and that you may find your &longs;elves more at a lo&longs;&longs;e in the 

<lb/>end than you was at fir&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am very confident that this can in no wi&longs;e befal 

<lb/>me.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>And why not? </s><s>I have a manife&longs;t example in my &longs;elf, 

<lb/>that the farther I go, the more I am confounded.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This is a &longs;ign that tho&longs;e rea&longs;ons that hitherto &longs;eemed 

<lb/>concluding unto you, and a&longs;&longs;ured you in the truth of your opi&shy;

<lb/>nion, begin to change countenance in your mind, and to let you 

<lb/>by degrees, if not imbrace, at lea&longs;t look towards the contrary te&shy;

<lb/>nent; but I, that have been hitherto indifferent, do greatly hope 

<lb/>to acquire re&longs;t and &longs;atisfaction by our future di&longs;cour&longs;es, and you 

<lb/>will not deny but I may, if you plea&longs;e but to hear what per&longs;wa&shy;

<lb/>deth me to this expectation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I will gladly hearken to the &longs;ame, and &longs;hould be no 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e glad that the like effect might be wrought in me.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Favour me therefore with an&longs;wering to what I &longs;hall ask 

<lb/>you. </s><s>And fir&longs;t, tell me, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> is not the conclu&longs;ion, which 

<lb/>we &longs;eek the truth of, Whether we ought to hold with <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> that the Earth onely abiding without motion in the 

<lb/>Centre of the Univer&longs;e, the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies all move, or el&longs;e, 

<lb/>Whether the Starry Sphere and the Sun &longs;tanding &longs;till in the Centre, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/120.jpg" pagenum="112"/>the Earth is without the &longs;ame, and owner of all tho&longs;e motions that 

<lb/>in our &longs;eeming belong to the Sun and fixed Stars?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>The&longs;e are the conclu&longs;ions which are in di&longs;pute.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And the&longs;e two conclu&longs;ions, are they not of &longs;uch a na&shy;

<lb/>ture, that one of them mu&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arily be true, and the other 

<lb/>fal&longs;e?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>They are &longs;o. </s><s>We are in a <emph type="italics"/>Dilemma,<emph.end type="italics"/> one part of which 

<lb/>mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity be true, and the other untrue; for between Mo&shy;

<lb/>tion and Re&longs;t, which are contradictories, there cannot be in&longs;tanced 

<lb/>a third, &longs;o as that one cannot &longs;ay the Earth moves not, nor &longs;tands 

<lb/>&longs;till; the Sun and Stars do not move, and yet &longs;tand not &longs;till.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The Earth, the Sun, and Stars, what things are they in 

<lb/>nature? </s><s>are they petite things not worth our notice, or grand and 

<lb/>worthy of con&longs;ideration?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL They are principal, noble, integral bodies of the Uni&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;e, mo&longs;t va&longs;t and con&longs;iderable.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And Motion, and Re&longs;t, what accidents are they in 

<lb/>Nature?

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg289"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg289"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Motion and re&longs;t 

<lb/>principal accidents 

<lb/>in nature.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>So great and principal, that Nature her &longs;elf is defined 

<lb/>by them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>So that moving eternally, and the being wholly immo&shy;

<lb/>veable are two conditions very con&longs;iderable in Nature, and indi&shy;

<lb/>cate very great diver&longs;ity; and e&longs;pecially when a&longs;cribed to the 

<lb/>principal bodies of the Univer&longs;e, from which can en&longs;ue none but 

<lb/>very different events.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Yea doubtle&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Now an&longs;wer me to another point. </s><s>Do you believe that 

<lb/>in <emph type="italics"/>Logick, Rhethorick,<emph.end type="italics"/> the <emph type="italics"/>Phy&longs;icks, Metaphy&longs;icks, Mathematicks,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and finally, in the univer&longs;ality of Di&longs;putations there are arguments 

<lb/>&longs;ufficient to per&longs;wade and demon&longs;trate to a per&longs;on the fallacious, 

<lb/>no le&longs;&longs;e then the true conclu&longs;ions?</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg290"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg290"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Vntruths cannot 

<lb/>be demonstrated, 

<lb/>as Truths are.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>No Sir; rather I am very confident and certain, that 

<lb/>for the proving of a true and nece&longs;&longs;ary conclu&longs;ion, there are in </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg291"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>nature not onely one, but many very powerfull demon&longs;trations: 

<lb/>and that one may di&longs;cu&longs;&longs;e and handle the &longs;ame divers and &longs;undry 

<lb/>wayes, without ever falling into any ab&longs;urdity; and that the more 

<lb/>any Sophi&longs;t would di&longs;turb and muddy it, the more clear would its 

<lb/>certainty appear: And that on the contrary to make a fal&longs;e po&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>tion pa&longs;&longs;e for true, and to per&longs;wade the belief thereof, there can&shy;

<lb/>not be any thing produced but fallacies, Sophi&longs;ms, Paralogi&longs;mes, 

<lb/>Equivocations, and Di&longs;cour&longs;es vain, incon&longs;i&longs;tant, and full of re&shy;

<lb/>pugnances and contradictions.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg291"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>For proof of true 

<lb/>conclu&longs;ions, many 

<lb/>&longs;olid arguments 

<lb/>may be produced, 

<lb/>but to prove a fal&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ity, none.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Now if eternal motion, and eternal re&longs;t be &longs;o princi&shy;

<lb/>pal accidents of Nature, and &longs;o different, that there can depend 

<lb/>on them only mo&longs;t different con&longs;equences, and e&longs;pecially when 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/121.jpg" pagenum="113"/>applyed to the Sun, and to the Earth, &longs;o va&longs;t and famous bodies 

<lb/>of the Univer&longs;e; and it being, moreover, impo&longs;&longs;ible, that one of 

<lb/>two contradictory Propo&longs;itions, &longs;hould not be true, and the other 

<lb/>fal&longs;e; and that for proof of the fal&longs;e one, any thing can be pro&shy;

<lb/>duced but fallacies; but the true one being per&longs;wadeable by all 

<lb/>kind of concluding and demon&longs;trative arguments, why &longs;hould 

<lb/>you think that he, of you two, who &longs;hall be &longs;o fortunate as to 

<lb/>maintain the true Propo&longs;ition ought not to per&longs;wade me? </s><s>You 

<lb/>mu&longs;t &longs;uppo&longs;e me to be of a &longs;tupid wit, perver&longs;e judgment, dull 

<lb/>mind and intellect, and of a blind rea&longs;on, that I &longs;hould not be 

<lb/>able to di&longs;tingui&longs;h light from darkne&longs;&longs;e, jewels from coals, or 

<lb/>truth from fal&longs;hood.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I tell you now, and have told you upon other 

<lb/>occa&longs;ions, that the be&longs;t Ma&longs;ter to teach us how to di&longs;cern So&shy;

<lb/>phi&longs;mes, Paralogi&longs;mes, and other fallacies, was <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> who 

<lb/>in this particular can never be deceived.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You in&longs;i&longs;t upon <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle,<emph.end type="italics"/> who cannot &longs;peak. </s><s>Yet I 

<lb/>tell you, that if <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> were here, he would either yield him&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg292"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;elf to be per&longs;waded by us, or refuting our arguments, convince 

<lb/>us by better of his own. </s><s>And you your &longs;elf, when you heard the 

<lb/>experiments of the Suns related, did you not acknowledg and 

<lb/>admire them, and confe&longs;&longs;e them more concludent than tho&longs;e of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle?<emph.end type="italics"/> Yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e I cannot perceive that <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>who hath produced them, examined them, and with exqui&longs;ite 

<lb/>care &longs;can'd them, doth confe&longs;&longs;e him&longs;elf per&longs;waded by them; no 

<lb/>nor by others of greater force, which he intimated that he was 

<lb/>about to give us an account of. </s><s>And I know not on what grounds 

<lb/>you &longs;hould cen&longs;ure Nature, as one that for many Ages hath 

<lb/>been lazie, and forgetful to produce &longs;peculative <emph type="italics"/>wits<emph.end type="italics"/>; and 

<lb/>that knoweth not how to make more &longs;uch, unle&longs;&longs;e they be &longs;uch 

<lb/>kind of men as &longs;lavi&longs;hly giving up their judgments to <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> do 

<lb/>under&longs;tand with his brain, and re&longs;ent with his &longs;en&longs;es. </s><s>But let us 

<lb/>hear the re&longs;idue of tho&longs;e rea&longs;ons which favour his opinion, that 

<lb/>we may thereupon proceed to &longs;peak to them; comparing and 

<lb/>weighing them in the ballance of impartiality.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg292"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>would 

<lb/>either refute his 

<lb/>adver&longs;aries argu&shy;

<lb/>ments, or would 

<lb/>alter his opinion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Before I proceed any farther, I mu&longs;t tell <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that 

<lb/>in the&longs;e our Di&longs;putations, I per&longs;onate the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican,<emph.end type="italics"/>, and imi&shy;

<lb/>tate him, as if I were his <emph type="italics"/>Zany<emph.end type="italics"/>; but what hath been effected in 

<lb/>my private thoughts by the&longs;e arguments which I &longs;eem to alledg in 

<lb/>his favour, I would not have you to judg by what I &longs;ay, whil'&longs;t 

<lb/>I am in the heat of acting my part in the Fable; but after I have 

<lb/>laid by my di&longs;gui&longs;e, for you may chance to find me different 

<lb/>from what you &longs;ee me upon the Stage. </s><s>Now let us go on.</s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> and his followers produce another experiment like to 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg293"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that of the Projections, and it is of things that being &longs;eparated 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/122.jpg" pagenum="114"/>from the Earth, continue a good &longs;pace of time in the Air, &longs;uch 

<lb/>as are the Clouds, Birds of flight; and as of them it cannot be 

<lb/>&longs;aid that they are rapt or tran&longs;parted by the Earth, having no ad&shy;

<lb/>he&longs;ion thereto, it &longs;eems not po&longs;&longs;ible, that they &longs;hould be able to 

<lb/>keep pace with the velocity thereof; nay it &longs;hould rather &longs;eem 

<lb/>to us, that they all &longs;wiftly move towards the We&longs;t: And if 

<lb/>being carried about by the Earth, pa&longs;&longs;e our parallel in twenty 

<lb/>four hours, which yet is at lea&longs;t &longs;ixteen thou&longs;and miles, how can 

<lb/>Birds follow &longs;uch a cour&longs;e or revolution? </s><s>Whereas on the con&shy;

<lb/>trary, we &longs;ee them fly as well towards the Ea&longs;t, as towards the 

<lb/>We&longs;t, or any other part, without any &longs;en&longs;ible difference. </s><s>More&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg294"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>over, if when we run a Hor&longs;e at his &longs;peed, we feel the air beat 

<lb/>vehemently again&longs;t our face, what an impetuous bla&longs;t ought we 

<lb/>perpetually to feel from the Ea&longs;t, being carried with &longs;o rapid a 

<lb/>cour&longs;e again&longs;t the wind? </s><s>and yet no &longs;uch effect is perceived. </s><s>Take 

<lb/>another very ingenious argument inferred from the following ex&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg295"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>periment. </s><s>The circular motion hath a faculty to extrude and di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ipate from its Centre the parts of the moving body, when&longs;oever 

<lb/>either the motion is not very &longs;low, or tho&longs;e parts are not very 

<lb/>well fa&longs;tened together; and therefore, if <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> we &longs;hould turn 

<lb/>one of tho&longs;e great wheels very fa&longs;t about, wherein one or more 

<lb/>men walking, crane up very great weights, as the huge ma&longs;&longs;ie 

<lb/>&longs;tone, u&longs;ed by the Callander for pre&longs;&longs;ing of Cloaths; or the 

<lb/>fraighted Barks which being haled on &longs;hore, are hoi&longs;ted out of 

<lb/>one river into another; in ca&longs;e the parts of that &longs;ame Wheel &longs;o 

<lb/>&longs;wiftly turn'd round, be not very well joyn'd and pin'd together, 

<lb/>they would all be &longs;hattered to pieces; and though many &longs;tones or 

<lb/>other ponderous &longs;ub&longs;tances, &longs;hould be very fa&longs;t bound to its outward 

<lb/>Rimme, yet could they not re&longs;i&longs;t the impetuo&longs;ity, which with 

<lb/>great violence would hurl them every way far from the Wheel, 

<lb/>and con&longs;equently from its Centre. </s><s>So that if the Earth did move 

<lb/>with &longs;uch and &longs;o much greater velocity, what gravity, what tena&shy;

<lb/>city of lime or plai&longs;ter would keep together Stones, Buildings, and 

<lb/>whole Cities, that they &longs;hould not be to&longs;t into the Air by &longs;o pre&shy;

<lb/>cipitous a motion? </s><s>And both men and bea&longs;ts, which are not fa&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tened to the Earth, how could they re&longs;i&longs;t &longs;o great an <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/>? 

<lb/></s><s>Whereas, on the other &longs;ide, we &longs;ee both the&longs;e, and far le&longs;&longs;e re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;i&longs;tances of pebles, &longs;ands, leaves re&longs;t quietly on the Earth, and 

<lb/>to return to it in falling, though with a very &longs;low motion. </s><s>See 

<lb/>here, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> the mo&longs;t potent arguments, taken, to &longs;o &longs;peak, 

<lb/>from things Terre&longs;trial; there remain tho&longs;e of the other kind, 

<lb/>namely, &longs;uch as have relation to the appearances of Heaven, 

<lb/>which rea&longs;ons, to confe&longs;&longs;e the truth, tend more to prove the 

<lb/>Earth to be in the centre of the Univer&longs;e, and con&longs;equently, to 

<lb/>deprive it of the annual motion about the &longs;ame, a&longs;cribed unto it 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/123.jpg" pagenum="115"/>by <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"/> Which arguments, as being of &longs;omewhat a di&longs;te&shy;

<lb/>rent nature, may be produced, after we have examined the 

<lb/>&longs;trength of the&longs;e already propounded.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg293"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An argument 

<lb/>taken from the 

<lb/>Clouds, and from 

<lb/>Birds.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg294"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An argument 

<lb/>taken from the air 

<lb/>which we feel to 

<lb/>beat upon us when 

<lb/>we run a Hor&longs;e at 

<lb/>full &longs;peed.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg295"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An argument 

<lb/>taken from the 

<lb/>whirling of circu&shy;

<lb/>lar motion, which 

<lb/>hath a faculty to 

<lb/>extrude and di&longs;&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>pate.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>What &longs;ay you <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s><s>do you think that <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>is Ma&longs;ter of, and knoweth how to unfold the <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomean<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ari&shy;

<lb/>&longs;totelian<emph.end type="italics"/> arguments? </s><s>Or do you think that any <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> is e&shy;

<lb/>qually ver&longs;t in the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> demon&longs;trations?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Were it not for the high e&longs;teem, that the pa&longs;t di&longs;cour&shy;

<lb/>&longs;es have begot in me of the learning of <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and of the a&shy;

<lb/>cutene&longs;&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> I would by their good leave have gone my 

<lb/>way without &longs;taying for their an&longs;wers; it &longs;eeming to me a thing 

<lb/>impo&longs;&longs;ible, that &longs;o palpable experiments &longs;hould be contradicted; 

<lb/>and would, without hearing them farther, con&longs;irm my &longs;elf in my 

<lb/>old per&longs;wa&longs;ion; for though I &longs;hould be made to &longs;ee that it was er&shy;

<lb/>roneous, its being upheld by &longs;o many probable rea&longs;ons, would ren&shy;

<lb/>der it excu&longs;eable. </s><s>And if the&longs;e are fallacies, what true demon&longs;tra&shy;

<lb/>tions were ever &longs;o fair?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Yet its good that we hear the re&longs;pon&longs;ions of <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/>; 

<lb/>which if they be true, mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity be more fair, and that by 

<lb/>in&longs;inite degrees; and tho&longs;e mu&longs;t be deformed, yea mo&longs;t deformed, 

<lb/>if the Metaphy &longs;ical Axiome hold, That true and fair are one and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg296"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the &longs;ame thing; as al&longs;o fal&longs;e and deformed. </s><s>Therefore <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>let's no longer lo&longs;e time.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg296"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>True and fair 

<lb/>are one and the 

<lb/>&longs;ame, as al&longs;o fal&longs;e 

<lb/>and deformed.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The fir&longs;t Argument alledged by <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> if I well re&shy;

<lb/>member it, was this. </s><s>The Earth cannot move circularly, becau&longs;e 

<lb/>&longs;uch motion would be violent to the &longs;ame, and therefore not per&shy;

<lb/>petual: that it is violent, the rea&longs;on was: Becau&longs;e, that had it been 

<lb/>natural, its parts would likewi&longs;e naturally move round, which is 

<lb/>impo&longs;&longs;ible, for that it is natural for the parts thereof to move with a 

<lb/>right motion downwards. </s><s>To this my reply is, that I could glad&shy;

<lb/>ly wi&longs;h, that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> had more cleerly expre&longs;t him&longs;elf, where he 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg297"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;aid; That its parts would likewi&longs;e move circularly; for this mo&shy;

<lb/>ving circularly is to be under&longs;tood two wayes, one is, that every 

<lb/>particle or atome &longs;eparated from its <emph type="italics"/>Whole<emph.end type="italics"/> would move circularly 

<lb/>about its particular centre, de&longs;cribing its &longs;mall Circulets; the other 

<lb/>is, that the whole Globe moving about its centre in twenty four 

<lb/>hours, the parts al&longs;o would turn about the &longs;ame centre in four and 

<lb/>twenty hours. </s><s>The fir&longs;t would be no le&longs;&longs;e an impertinency, than 

<lb/>if one &longs;hould &longs;ay, that every part of the circumference of a Circle 

<lb/>ought to be a Circle; or becau&longs;e that the Earth is Spherical, that 

<lb/>therefore every part thereof be a Globe, for &longs;o doth the <emph type="italics"/>Axiome<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>require: <emph type="italics"/>Eadem e&longs;t ratio totius, &amp; partium.<emph.end type="italics"/> But if he took it in 

<lb/>the other &longs;en&longs;e, to wit, that the parts in imitation of the <emph type="italics"/>Whole<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>&longs;hould move naturally round the Centre of the whole Globe in 

<lb/>twenty four hours, I &longs;ay, that they do &longs;o; and it concerns you, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/124.jpg" pagenum="116"/>in&longs;tead of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> to prove that they do not.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg297"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer to<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Ari&longs;totles <emph type="italics"/>fir&longs;t ar&shy;

<lb/>gument.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This is proved by <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> in the &longs;ame place, when he 

<lb/>&longs;aith, that the natural motion of the parts is the right motion 

<lb/>downwards to the centre of the Univer&longs;e; &longs;o that the circular 

<lb/>motion cannot naturally agree therewith.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But do not you &longs;ee, that tho&longs;e very words carry in them 

<lb/>a confutation of this &longs;olution?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. How? </s><s>and where?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Doth not he &longs;ay that the circular motion of the Earth 

<lb/>would be violent? </s><s>and therefore not eternal? </s><s>and that this is ab&shy;

<lb/>&longs;urd, for that the order of the World is eternal?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>He &longs;aith &longs;o.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But if that which is violent cannot be eternal, then by 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg298"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>conver&longs;ion, that which cannot be eternal, cannot be natural: but 

<lb/>the motion of the Earth downwards cannot be otherwi&longs;e eternal; 

<lb/>therefore much le&longs;&longs;e can it be natural: nor can any other motion 

<lb/>be natural to it, &longs;ave onely that which is eternal. </s><s>But if we make 

<lb/>the Earth move with a circular motion, this may be eternal to it, 

<lb/>and to its parts, and therefore natural.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg298"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>That which is 

<lb/>violent, cannot be 

<lb/>eternal, and that 

<lb/>which cannot be e&shy;

<lb/>ternal, cannot be 

<lb/>natural.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>The right motion is mo&longs;t natural to the parts of the 

<lb/>Earth, and is to them eternal; nor &longs;hall it ever happen that they 

<lb/>move not with a right motion; alwayes provided that the impe&shy;

<lb/>diments be removed.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You equivocate <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>; and I will try to free you 

<lb/>from the equivoke. </s><s>Tell me, therefore, do you think that a 

<lb/>Ship which &longs;hould &longs;ail from the Strait of <emph type="italics"/>Gibralter<emph.end type="italics"/> towards <emph type="italics"/>Pale&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tina<emph.end type="italics"/> can eternally move towards that Coa&longs;t? </s><s>keeping alwayes an 

<lb/>equal cour&longs;e?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>No doubtle&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And why not?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Becau&longs;e that Voyage is bounded and terminated be&shy;

<lb/>tween the <emph type="italics"/>Herculean<emph.end type="italics"/> Pillars, and the &longs;hore of the <emph type="italics"/>Holy-land<emph.end type="italics"/>; and 

<lb/>the di&longs;tance being limited, it is pa&longs;t in a finite time, unle&longs;&longs;e one by 

<lb/>returning back &longs;hould with a contrary motion begin the &longs;ame Voy&shy;

<lb/>age anew; but this would be an interrupted and no continued 

<lb/>motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Very true. </s><s>But the Navigation from the Strait of <emph type="italics"/>Ma&shy;

<lb/>galanes<emph.end type="italics"/> by the <emph type="italics"/>Pacifick<emph.end type="italics"/> Ocean, the <emph type="italics"/>Moluccha's,<emph.end type="italics"/> the Cape <emph type="italics"/>di buona 

<lb/>Speranza,<emph.end type="italics"/> and from thence by the &longs;ame Strait, and then again by 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Pacifick<emph.end type="italics"/> Ocean, &amp;c. </s><s>do you believe that it may be perpe&shy;

<lb/>tuated?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It may; for this being a circumgyration, which re&shy;

<lb/>turneth about its &longs;elf, with infinite replications, it may be perpetu&shy;

<lb/>ated without any interruption.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>A Ship then may in this Voyage continue &longs;ailing eter&shy;

<lb/>nally.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/125.jpg" pagenum="117"/><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It may, in ca&longs;e the Ship were incorruptible, but the 

<lb/>Ship decaying, the Navigation mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity come to an end.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But in the Mediterrane, though the Ve&longs;&longs;el were incor&shy;

<lb/>ruptible, yet could &longs;he not &longs;ail perpetually towards <emph type="italics"/>Pale&longs;tina,<emph.end type="italics"/> that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg299"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Voyage being determined. </s><s>Two things then are required, to the 

<lb/>end a moveable may without intermi&longs;&longs;ion move perpetually; the 

<lb/>one is, that the motion may of its own nature be indeterminate and 

<lb/>infinite; the other, that the moveable be likewi&longs;e incorruptible 

<lb/>and eternal.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg299"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Two things re&shy;

<lb/>qui&longs;ite to the end a 

<lb/>motion may per&shy;

<lb/>petuate it &longs;elf; an 

<lb/>unlimited &longs;pace, 

<lb/>and an incorrupti&shy;

<lb/>ble moveable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>All this is nece&longs;&longs;ary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore you may &longs;ee how of your own accord you 

<lb/>have confe&longs;&longs;ed it impo&longs;&longs;ible that any moveable &longs;hould move eter&shy;

<lb/>nally in a right line, in regard that right motion, whether it be up&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg300"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>wards, or downwards, is by you your &longs;elf bounded by the circum&shy;

<lb/>ference and centre; &longs;o that if a Moveable, as &longs;uppo&longs;e the Earth 

<lb/>be eternal, yet fora&longs;much as the right motion is not of its own na&shy;

<lb/>ture eternall, but mo&longs;t ^{*}terminate, it cannot naturally &longs;uit with 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg301"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the Earth. </s><s>Nay, as was &longs;aid ^{*} ye&longs;terday, <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf is 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg302"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>con&longs;trained to make the Terre&longs;trial Globe eternally immoveable. 

<lb/></s><s>When again you &longs;ay, that the parts of the Earth evermore move 

<lb/>downwards, all impediments being removed, you egregiou&longs;ly equi&shy;

<lb/>vocate; for then, on the other &longs;ide they mu&longs;t be impeded, contra&shy;

<lb/>ried, and forced, if you would have them move; for, when they 

<lb/>are once fallen to the ground, they mu&longs;t be violently thrown up&shy;

<lb/>wards, that they may a &longs;econd time fall; and as to the impedi&shy;

<lb/>ments, the&longs;e only hinder its arrival at the centre; but if there were 

<lb/>a <emph type="italics"/>Well,<emph.end type="italics"/> that did pa&longs;&longs;e thorow and beyond the centre, yet would not 

<lb/>a clod of Earth pa&longs;&longs;e beyond it, unle&longs;&longs;e ina&longs;much as being tran&longs;&shy;

<lb/>ported by its <emph type="italics"/>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"/> it &longs;hould pa&longs;&longs;e the &longs;ame to return thither a&shy;

<lb/>gain, and in the end there to re&longs;t. </s><s>As therefore to the defending, 

<lb/>that the motion by a right line doth or can agree naturally neither 

<lb/>to the Earth, nor to any other moveable, whil'&longs;t the Univer&longs;e re&shy;

<lb/>taineth its perfect order, I would have you take no further paines a&shy;

<lb/>bout it, but (unle&longs;&longs;e you will grant them the circular motion) 

<lb/>your be&longs;t way will be to defend and maintain their immobility.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg300"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right motion 

<lb/>cannot be eternal, 

<lb/>and con&longs;equently 

<lb/>cannot be natural 

<lb/>to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg301"></margin.target>* Terminati&longs;&longs;imo.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg302"></margin.target>* By this expre&longs;&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>on he every where 

<lb/>means the prece&shy;

<lb/>ding Dialogue, or 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Giornata.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>As to their immoveablene&longs;&longs;e, the arguments of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&shy;

<lb/>&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and moreover tho&longs;e alledged by your &longs;elf &longs;eem in my opini&shy;

<lb/>on nece&longs;&longs;arily to conclude the &longs;ame, as yet; and I conceive it will 

<lb/>be a hard matter to refute them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Come we therefore to the &longs;econd Argument, which was, 

<lb/>That tho&longs;e bodies, which we are a&longs;&longs;ured do move circularly, have 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg303"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>more than one motion, unle&longs;&longs;e it be the <emph type="italics"/>Primum Mobile<emph.end type="italics"/>; and 

<lb/>therefore, if the Earth did move circularly, it ought to have two 

<lb/>motions; from which alterations would follow in the ri&longs;ing and 

<lb/>&longs;etting of the Fixed Stars: Which effect is not perceived to en&longs;ue. 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/126.jpg" pagenum="118"/>Therefore, &amp;c. </s><s>The mo&longs;t proper and genuine an&longs;wer to this Alle&shy;

<lb/>gation is contained in the Argument it &longs;elf; and even <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>puts it in our mouths, which it is impo&longs;&longs;ible, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> that you 

<lb/>&longs;hould not have &longs;een.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg303"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer to 

<lb/>the &longs;econd argu&shy;

<lb/>ment.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I neither have &longs;een it, nor do I yet apprehend it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This cannot be, &longs;ure, the thing is &longs;o very plain.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I will with your leave, ca&longs;t an eye upon the <emph type="italics"/>Text.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>We will command the <emph type="italics"/>Text<emph.end type="italics"/> to be brought forthwith.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I alwayes carry it about with me: See here it is, and 

<lb/>I know the place perfectly well, which is in <emph type="italics"/>lib. 



2. De C&aelig;lo, cap.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>16. Here it is, <emph type="italics"/>Text<emph.end type="italics"/> 97. <emph type="italics"/>Preterea omnia, qu&aelig; feruntur latione 

<lb/>circulari &longs;ubdeficere videntur, ac moveri pluribus una latione, 

<lb/>pr&aelig;ter primam Sph&aelig;ram; quare &amp; Terram nece&longs;&longs;ariam e&longs;t, &longs;ive 

<lb/>circa medium, &longs;ive in medio po&longs;ita feratur, duabus moveri 

<lb/>lationibus. </s><s>Si autem hoc acciderit, nece&longs;&longs;ariam e&longs;t fieri muta&shy;

<lb/>tiones, ac conver&longs;iones fixorum a&longs;trorum. </s><s>Hoc autem non vide&shy;

<lb/>tur ficri, &longs;ed &longs;emper eadem, apud eadem loca ip&longs;ius, &amp; oriun&shy;

<lb/>tur, &amp; occidunt.<emph.end type="italics"/> [In Engli&longs;h thus:] Furthermore all that are 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg304"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>carried with circular motion, &longs;eem to ^{*} fore&longs;low, and to move 

<lb/>with more than one motion, except the fir&longs;t Sphere; wherefore 

<lb/>it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that the Earth move with two motions, whether 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg305"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>it be carried about the ^{*} middle, or placed in the middle. </s><s>But 

<lb/>if it be &longs;o, there would of nece&longs;&longs;ity be alterations and conver&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>ons made among&longs;t the fixed Stars. </s><s>But no &longs;uch thing is &longs;een to 

<lb/>be done, but the &longs;ame Star doth alwayes ri&longs;e and &longs;et in the &longs;ame 

<lb/>place. </s><s>In all this I find not any falacy, and my thinks the argu&shy;

<lb/>ment is very forcible.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg304"></margin.target>* Subde&longs;icere.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg305"></margin.target>* Or Centre.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And this new reading of the place hath confirmed me 

<lb/>in the fallacy of the Sillogi&longs;me, and moreover, di&longs;covered ano&shy;

<lb/>ther fal&longs;ity. </s><s>Therefore ob&longs;erve. </s><s>The Po&longs;itions, or if you will, 

<lb/>Conclu&longs;ions, which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> endeavours to oppo&longs;e, are two; one 

<lb/>is that of tho&longs;e, who placing the Earth in the mid&longs;t of the World, 

<lb/>do make it move in it &longs;elf about its own centre. </s><s>The other is of 

<lb/>tho&longs;e, who con&longs;tituting it far from the middle, do make it re&shy;

<lb/>volve with a circular motion about the middle of the Univer&longs;e. 

<lb/></s><s>And both the&longs;e Po&longs;itions he conjointly impugneth with one and 

<lb/>the &longs;ame argument. </s><s>Now I affirm that he is out in both the one 

<lb/>and the other impugnation; and that his error again&longs;t the fir&longs;t 

<lb/>Po&longs;ition is an Equivoke or Paralogi&longs;me; and his mi&longs;take touch&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg306"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ing the &longs;econd is a fal&longs;e con&longs;equence. </s><s>Let us begin with the fir&longs;t 

<lb/>A&longs;&longs;ertion, which con&longs;tituteth the Earth in the mid&longs;t of the 

<lb/>World, and maketh it move in it &longs;elf about its own centre; and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg307"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>let us confront it with the objection of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>; &longs;aying, All 

<lb/>moveables, that move circularly, &longs;eem to ^{*} fore&longs;low, and move 

<lb/>with more than one Byas, except the fir&longs;t Sphere (that is <emph type="italics"/>the pri-<emph.end type="italics"/>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/127.jpg" pagenum="119"/><emph type="italics"/>mum mobile<emph.end type="italics"/>) therefore the Earth moving about its own centre, 

<lb/>being placed in the middle, mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity have two bya&longs;&longs;es, 

<lb/>and fore&longs;low. </s><s>But if this were &longs;o, it would follow, that there 

<lb/>&longs;hould be a variation in the ri&longs;ing and &longs;etting of the fixed Stars, 

<lb/>which we do not perceive to be done: Therefore the Earth doth 

<lb/>not move, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> Here is the Paralogi&longs;me, and to di&longs;cover it, I will 

<lb/>argue with <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> in this manner. </s><s>Thou &longs;ai&longs;t, oh <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>that the Earth placed in the middle of the World, cannot move 

<lb/>in it &longs;elf (<emph type="italics"/>i. </s><s>e.<emph.end type="italics"/> upon its own <emph type="italics"/>axis<emph.end type="italics"/>) for then it would be requi&longs;ite 

<lb/>to allow it two bya&longs;&longs;es; &longs;o that, if it &longs;hould not be nece&longs;&longs;ary to 

<lb/>allow it more than one Byas onely, thou woulde&longs;t not then hold 

<lb/>it impo&longs;&longs;ible for it to move onely with that one; for thou would'&longs;t 

<lb/>unnece&longs;&longs;arily have con&longs;ined the impo&longs;&longs;ibility to the plurality of 

<lb/>bya&longs;&longs;es, if in ca&longs;e it had no more but one, yet it could not move 

<lb/>with that. </s><s>And becau&longs;e that of all the moveables in the World, 

<lb/>thou make&longs;t but one alone to move with one &longs;ole byas; and all 

<lb/>the re&longs;t with more than one; and this &longs;ame moveable thou af&shy;

<lb/>firme&longs;t to be the fir&longs;t Sphere, namely, that by which all the fix&shy;

<lb/>ed and erratick Stars &longs;eem harmoniou&longs;ly to move from Ea&longs;t to 

<lb/>We&longs;t, if in ca&longs;e the Earth may be that fir&longs;t Sphere, that by mo&shy;

<lb/>ving with one by as onely, may make the Stars appear to move 

<lb/>from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t, thou wilt not deny them it: But he that af&shy;

<lb/>firmeth, that the Earth being placed in the mid&longs;t of the World, 

<lb/>moveth about its own Axis, a&longs;cribes unto it no other motion, 

<lb/>&longs;ave that by which all the Stars appear to move from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t; 

<lb/>and &longs;o it cometh to be that fir&longs;t Sphere, which thou thy &longs;elf ac&shy;

<lb/>knowledge&longs;t to move with but one by as onely. </s><s>It is therefore ne&shy;

<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ary, oh <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> if thou wilt conclude any thing, that thou 

<lb/>demon&longs;trate, that the Earth being placed in the mid&longs;t of the 

<lb/>World, cannot move with &longs;o much as one by as onely; or el&longs;e, 

<lb/>that much le&longs;&longs;e can the fir&longs;t Sphere have one &longs;ole motion; for o&shy;

<lb/>therwi&longs;e thou doe&longs;t in thy very Sillogi&longs;me both commit the falacy, 

<lb/>and detect it, denying, and at that very time proving the &longs;ame 

<lb/>thing. </s><s>I come now to the &longs;econd Po&longs;ition, namely, of tho&longs;e 

<lb/>who placing the Earth far from the mid&longs;t of the Univer&longs;e, make 

<lb/>it moveable about the &longs;ame; that is, make it a Planet and erra&shy;

<lb/>tick Star; again&longs;t which the argument is directed, and as to 

<lb/>form is concludent, but faileth in matter. </s><s>For it being granted, 

<lb/>that the Earth doth in that manner move, and that with two by&shy;

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;es, yet doth it not nece&longs;&longs;arily follow that though it were &longs;o, 

<lb/>it &longs;hould make alterations in the ri&longs;ings and &longs;ettings of the fixed 

<lb/>Stars, as I &longs;hall in its proper place declare. </s><s>And here I could 

<lb/>gladly excu&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>; rather I could highly applaud him for ha&shy;

<lb/>ving light upon the mo&longs;t &longs;ubtil argument that could be produced 

<lb/>again&longs;t the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican Hypothe&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/>; and if the objection be inge&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/128.jpg" pagenum="120"/>nious, and to outward appearance mo&longs;t powerful, you may &longs;ee 

<lb/>how much more acute and ingenious the &longs;olution mu&longs;t be, and 

<lb/>not to be found by a wit le&longs;&longs;e piercing than that of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/>; 

<lb/>and again from the difficulty in under&longs;tanding it, you may argue 

<lb/>the &longs;o much greater difficulty in finding it. </s><s>But let us for the pre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ent &longs;u&longs;pend our an&longs;wer, which you &longs;hall under&longs;tand in due time 

<lb/>and place, after we have repeated the objection of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>that in his favour, much &longs;trengthened. </s><s>Now pa&longs;&longs;e we to <emph type="italics"/>Ari-<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg308"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;totles<emph.end type="italics"/> third Argument, touching which we need give no farther 

<lb/>reply, it having been &longs;ufficiently an&longs;wered betwixt the di&longs;cour&longs;es 

<lb/>of ye&longs;terday and to day: In as much as he urgeth, that the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of grave bodies is naturally by a right line to the centre; and 

<lb/>then enquireth, whether to the centre of the Earth, or to that 

<lb/>of the Univer&longs;e, and concludeth that they tend naturally to the 

<lb/>centre of the Univer&longs;e, but accidentally to that of the Earth. 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg309"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Therefore we may proceed to the fourth, upon which its requi&longs;ite 

<lb/>that we &longs;tay &longs;ome time, by rea&longs;on it is founded upon that expe&shy;

<lb/>riment, from whence the greater part of the remaining argu&shy;

<lb/>ments derive all their &longs;trength. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aith therefore, that it is 

<lb/>a mo&longs;t convincing argument of the Earths immobility, to &longs;ee 

<lb/>that projections thrown or &longs;hot upright, return perpendicularly 

<lb/>by the &longs;ame line unto the &longs;ame place from whence they were &longs;hot 

<lb/>or thrown. </s><s>And this holdeth true, although the motion be of a 

<lb/>very great height; which could never come to pa&longs;&longs;e, did the 

<lb/>Earth move: for in the time that the projected body is moving 

<lb/>upwards and downwards in a &longs;tate of &longs;eparation from the Earth, 

<lb/>the place from whence the motion of the projection began, would 

<lb/>be pa&longs;t, by means of the Earths revolution, a great way to&shy;

<lb/>wards the Ea&longs;t, and look how great that &longs;pace was, &longs;o far from 

<lb/>that place would the projected body in its de&longs;cent come to the 

<lb/>ground. </s><s>So that hither may be referred the argument taken from 

<lb/>a bullet &longs;hot from a Canon directly upwards; as al&longs;o that other 

<lb/>u&longs;ed by <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> of the grave bodies that falling 

<lb/>from on high, are ob&longs;erved to de&longs;cend by a direct and perpendicu&shy;

<lb/>lar line to the &longs;urface of the Earth. </s><s>Now that I may begin to untie 

<lb/>the&longs;e knots, I demand of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> that in ca&longs;e one &longs;hould deny 

<lb/>to <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> that weights in falling freely from on 

<lb/>high, de&longs;cend by a right and perpendicular line, that is, directly 

<lb/>to the centre, what means he would u&longs;e to prove it?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg306"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totles <emph type="italics"/>argu&shy;

<lb/>ment again&longs;t the 

<lb/>Earths motion, is 

<lb/>defective in two 

<lb/>things<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg307"></margin.target>* The &longs;ame word 

<lb/>which a little above 

<lb/>I tendred &longs;tay be&shy;

<lb/>hind, as a bowle 

<lb/>when it meets with 

<lb/>ruls.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg308"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer to 

<lb/>the third argu&shy;

<lb/>ment.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg309"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer to 

<lb/>the fourth argu&shy;

<lb/>ment.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>The means of the &longs;en&longs;es; the which a&longs;&longs;ureth us, that 

<lb/>that Tower or other altitude, is upright and perpendicular, and 

<lb/>&longs;heweth us that that &longs;tone, or other grave body, doth &longs;lide along 

<lb/>the Wall, without inclining a hairs breadth to one &longs;ide or ano&shy;

<lb/>ther, and light at the foot thereof ju&longs;t under the place from whence 

<lb/>it was let fall.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/129.jpg" pagenum="121"/><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But if it &longs;hould happen that the Terre&longs;trial Globe did 

<lb/>move round, and con&longs;equently carry the Tower al&longs;o along with 

<lb/>it, and that the &longs;tone did then al&longs;o grate and &longs;lide along the &longs;ide of 

<lb/>the Tower, what mu&longs;t its motion be then?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>In this ca&longs;e we may rather &longs;ay its motions: for it 

<lb/>would have one wherewith to de&longs;cend from the top of the Tower 

<lb/>to the bottom, and &longs;hould nece&longs;&longs;arily have another to follow the 

<lb/>cour&longs;e of the &longs;aid Tower.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that its motion &longs;hould be compounded of two, to 

<lb/>wit, of that wherewith it mea&longs;ureth the Tower, and of that o&shy;

<lb/>ther wherewith it followeth the &longs;ame: From which compo&longs;ition 

<lb/>would follow, that the &longs;tone would no longer de&longs;cribe that &longs;imple 

<lb/>right and perpendicular line, but one tran&longs;ver&longs;e, and perhaps not 

<lb/>&longs;treight.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I can &longs;ay nothing of its non-rectitude, but this I know 

<lb/>very well, that it would of nece&longs;&longs;ity be tran&longs;ver&longs;e, and different 

<lb/>from the other directly perpendicular, which it doth de&longs;cribe, the 

<lb/>Earth &longs;tanding &longs;till.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You &longs;ee then, that upon the meer ob&longs;erving the falling 

<lb/>&longs;tone to glide along the Tower, you cannot certainly affirm that 

<lb/>it de&longs;cribeth a line which is &longs;treight and perpendicular, unle&longs;s you 

<lb/>fir&longs;t &longs;uppo&longs;e that the Earth &longs;tandeth &longs;till.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. True; for if the Earth &longs;hould move, the &longs;tones mo&shy;

<lb/>tion would be tran&longs;ver&longs;e, and not perpendicular.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Behold then the Paralogi&longs;m of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg310"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>to be evident and manife&longs;t, and di&longs;covered by you your &longs;elf, 

<lb/>wherein that is &longs;uppo&longs;ed for known, which is intended to be de&shy;

<lb/>mon&longs;trated.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg310"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Paralogi&longs;m 

<lb/>of<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Ptolomey <emph type="italics"/>in &longs;up&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ing that for 

<lb/>known, which is in 

<lb/>que&longs;tion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>How can that be? </s><s>To me it appeareth that the 

<lb/>Syllogi&longs;m is rightly demon&longs;trated without <emph type="italics"/>petitionem principii.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You &longs;hall &longs;ee how it is; an&longs;wer me a little. </s><s>Doth he 

<lb/>not lay down the conclu&longs;ion as unknown?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. Unknown; why otherwi&longs;e the demon&longs;trating it would 

<lb/>be &longs;uperfluous.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But the middle term, ought not that to be known?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Its nece&longs;&longs;ary that it &longs;hould; for otherwi&longs;e it would be 

<lb/>a proving <emph type="italics"/>ignotum per &aelig;qu&egrave; ignotum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Our conclu&longs;ion which is to be proved, and which is un&shy;

<lb/>known, is it not the &longs;tability of the Earth?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It is the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The middle term, which ought to be known, is it not the 

<lb/>&longs;treight and perpendicular de&longs;cent of the &longs;tone?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It is &longs;o.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But was it not ju&longs;t now concluded, that we can have 

<lb/>no certain knowledg whether that &longs;ame &longs;hall be direct and perpen&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/130.jpg" pagenum="122"/>dicular, unle&longs;s we fir&longs;t know that the Earth &longs;tands &longs;till? </s><s>Therefore 

<lb/>in your Syllogi&longs;m the certainty of the middle term is a&longs;&longs;umed 

<lb/>from the uncertainty of the conclu&longs;ion. </s><s>You may &longs;ee then, what 

<lb/>and how great the Paralogi&longs;m is.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I would, in favour of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> defend <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> if it 

<lb/>were po&longs;&longs;ible, or at lea&longs;t better &longs;atisfie my &longs;elf concerning the 

<lb/>&longs;trength of your illation. </s><s>You &longs;ay, that the &longs;eeing the &longs;tone rake 

<lb/>along the Tower, is not &longs;ufficient to a&longs;&longs;ure us, that its motion is 

<lb/>perpendicular (which is the middle term of the Syllogi&longs;m) unle&longs;s 

<lb/>it be pre&longs;uppo&longs;ed, that the Earth &longs;tandeth &longs;till, which is the con&shy;

<lb/>clu&longs;ion to be proved: For that if the Tower did move together 

<lb/>with the Earth, and the &longs;tone did &longs;lide along the &longs;ame, the motion 

<lb/>of the &longs;tone would be tran&longs;ver&longs;e, and not perpendicular. </s><s>But I 

<lb/>&longs;hall an&longs;wer, that &longs;hould the Tower move, it would be impo&longs;&longs;ible 

<lb/>that the &longs;tone &longs;hould fall gliding along the &longs;ide of it; and there&shy;

<lb/>fore from its falling in that manner the &longs;tability of the Earth is in&shy;

<lb/>ferred.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It is &longs;o; for if you would have the &longs;tone in de&longs;cend&shy;

<lb/>ing to grate upon the Tower, though it were carried round by 

<lb/>the Earth, you mu&longs;t allow the &longs;tone two natural motions, to wit, 

<lb/>the &longs;traight motion towards the Centre, and the circular about 

<lb/>the Centre, the which is impo&longs;&longs;ible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totles<emph.end type="italics"/> defen&longs;e then con&longs;i&longs;teth in the impo&longs;&longs;ibilitie, 

<lb/>or at lea&longs;t in his e&longs;teeming it an impo&longs;&longs;ibility, that the &longs;tone &longs;hould 

<lb/>move with a motion mixt of right and circular: for if he did 

<lb/>not hold it impo&longs;&longs;ible that the &longs;tone could move to the Centre, 

<lb/>and about the Centre at once, he mu&longs;t have under&longs;tood, that it 

<lb/>might come to pa&longs;s that the cadent &longs;tone might in its de&longs;cent, race 

<lb/>the Tower as well when it moved as when it &longs;tood &longs;till; and con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;equently he mu&longs;t have perceived, that from this grating nothing 

<lb/>could be inferred touching the mobility or immobility of the 

<lb/>Earth. </s><s>But this doth not any way excu&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/>; a&longs;well be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e he ought to have expre&longs;t it, if he had had &longs;uch a conceit, it 

<lb/>being &longs;o material a part of his Argument; as al&longs;o becau&longs;e it can 

<lb/>neither be &longs;aid that &longs;uch an effect is impo&longs;&longs;ible, nor that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>did e&longs;teem it &longs;o. </s><s>The fir&longs;t cannot be affirmed, for that by and 

<lb/>by I &longs;hall &longs;hew that it is not onely po&longs;&longs;ible, but nece&longs;&longs;ary: nor 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg311"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>much le&longs;s can the &longs;econd be averred, for that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf 

<lb/>granteth fire to move naturally upwards in a right line, and to 

<lb/>move about with the diurnal motion, imparted by Heaven to the 

<lb/>whole Element of Fire, and the greater part of the Air: If there&shy;

<lb/>fore he held it not impo&longs;&longs;ible to mix the right motion upwards, 

<lb/>with the circular communicated to the Fire and Air from the con&shy;

<lb/>cave of the Moon, much le&longs;s ought he to account impo&longs;&longs;ible the 

<lb/>mixture of the right motion downwards of the &longs;tone, with the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/131.jpg" pagenum="123"/>circular which we pre&longs;uppo&longs;e natural to the whole Terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe, of which the &longs;tone is a part.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg311"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>admit&shy;

<lb/>teth that the Fire 

<lb/>moveth directly 

<lb/>upwards by na&shy;

<lb/>ture, and round a&shy;

<lb/>bout by participa&shy;

<lb/>tion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I &longs;ee no &longs;uch thing: for if the element of Fire re&shy;

<lb/>volve round together with the Air, it is a very ea&longs;ie, yea a nece&longs;&longs;ary 

<lb/>thing, that a &longs;park of fire which from the Earth mounts upwards, 

<lb/>in pa&longs;&longs;ing thorow the moving air, &longs;hould receive the &longs;ame motion, 

<lb/>being a body &longs;o thin, light, and ea&longs;ie to be moved: but that a 

<lb/>very heavy &longs;tone, or a Canon bullet, that de&longs;cendeth from on 

<lb/>high, and that is at liberty to move whither it will, &longs;hould &longs;uffer 

<lb/>it &longs;elf to be tran&longs;ported either by the air or any other thing, is 

<lb/>altogether incredible. </s><s>Be&longs;ides that, we have the Experiment, 

<lb/>which is &longs;o proper to our purpo&longs;e, of the &longs;tone let fall from the 

<lb/>round top of the Ma&longs;t of a &longs;hip, which when the &longs;hip lyeth &longs;till, 

<lb/>falleth at the Partners of the Ma&longs;t; but when the &longs;hip &longs;aileth, falls 

<lb/>&longs;o far di&longs;tant from that place, by how far the &longs;hip in the time of 

<lb/>the &longs;tones falling had run forward; which will not be a few fa&shy;

<lb/>thoms, when the &longs;hips cour&longs;e is &longs;wift.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>There is a great di&longs;parity between the ca&longs;e of the Ship 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg312"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>and that of the Earth, if the Terre&longs;trial Globe be &longs;uppo&longs;ed to have 

<lb/>a diurnal motion. </s><s>For it is a thing very manife&longs;t, that the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the Ship, as it is not natural to it, &longs;o the motion of all tho&longs;e 

<lb/>things that are in it is accidental, whence it is no wonder that the 

<lb/>&longs;tone which was retained in the round top, being left at liberty, 

<lb/>de&longs;cendeth downwards without any obligation to follow the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the Ship. </s><s>But the diurnal conver&longs;ion is a&longs;cribed to the 

<lb/>Terre&longs;trial Globe for its proper and natural motion, and con&longs;e&shy;

<lb/>quently, it is &longs;o to all the parts of the &longs;aid Globe; and, as being 

<lb/>impre&longs;s'd by nature, is indelible in them; and therefore that &longs;tone 

<lb/>that is on the top of the Tower hath an intrin&longs;ick inclination of 

<lb/>revolving about the Centre of its <emph type="italics"/>Whole<emph.end type="italics"/> in twenty four hours, and 

<lb/>this &longs;ame natural in&longs;tinct it exerci&longs;eth eternally, be it placed in any 

<lb/>&longs;tate what&longs;oever. </s><s>And to be a&longs;&longs;ured of the truth of this, you 

<lb/>have no more to do but to alter an antiquated impre&longs;&longs;ion made 

<lb/>in your mind; and to &longs;ay, Like as in that I hitherto holding it to 

<lb/>be the property of the Terre&longs;trial Globe to re&longs;t immoveable about 

<lb/>its Centre, did never doubt or que&longs;tion but that all what&longs;oever 

<lb/>particles thereof do al&longs;o naturally remain in the &longs;ame &longs;tate of re&longs;t: 

<lb/>So it is rea&longs;on, in ca&longs;e the Terre&longs;trial Globe did move round by 

<lb/>natural in&longs;tinct in twenty four hours, that the intrin&longs;ick and natu&shy;

<lb/>ral inclination of all its parts &longs;hould al&longs;o be, not to &longs;tand &longs;till, but 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg313"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>to follow the &longs;ame revolution. </s><s>And thus without running into 

<lb/>any inconvenience, one may conclude, that in regard the motion 

<lb/>conferred by the force of ^{*}Oars on the Ship, and by it on all the 

<lb/>things that are contained within her, is not natural but forreign, it 

<lb/>is very rea&longs;onable that that &longs;tone, it being &longs;eparated from the &longs;hip, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/132.jpg" pagenum="124"/>do reduce its &longs;elf to its natural di&longs;po&longs;ure, and return to exerci&longs;e 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg314"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>its pure &longs;imple in&longs;tinct given it by nature. </s><s>To this I add, that 

<lb/>it's nece&longs;&longs;ary, that at lea&longs;t that part of the Air which is beneath the 

<lb/>greater heights of mountains, &longs;hould be tran&longs;ported and carried 

<lb/>round by the roughne&longs;s of the Earths &longs;urface; or that, as being 

<lb/>mixt with many Vapours, and terrene Exhalations, it do na&shy;

<lb/>turally follow the diurnal motion, which occurreth not in the 

<lb/>Air about the &longs;hip rowed by Oars: So that your arguing 

<lb/>from the &longs;hip to the Tower hath not the force of an illation; 

<lb/>becau&longs;e that &longs;tone which falls from the round top of the Ma&longs;t, 

<lb/>entereth into a <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> which is unconcern'd in the motion 

<lb/>of the &longs;hip: but that which departeth from the top of the Tower, 

<lb/>finds a <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> that hath a motion in common with the whole Ter&shy;

<lb/>re&longs;trial Globe; &longs;o that without being hindred, rather being a&longs;&longs;i&longs;ted 

<lb/>by the motion of the air, it may follow the univer&longs;al cour&longs;e of the 

<lb/>Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg312"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The di&longs;parity be&shy;

<lb/>tween the fall of a 

<lb/>&longs;tone from the 

<lb/>round top of a &longs;hip, 

<lb/>and from the top 

<lb/>of a tower.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg313"></margin.target>*That you may not 

<lb/>&longs;u&longs;pect my tran&longs;la&shy;

<lb/>tion, or wonder 

<lb/>what Oars have to 

<lb/>do with a &longs;hip, you 

<lb/>are to know that 

<lb/>the Author intends 

<lb/>the Gallies u&longs;ed in 

<lb/>the Mediterrane.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg314"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The part of the 

<lb/>Air inferiour to 

<lb/>the higher moun&shy;

<lb/>tains doth follow 

<lb/>the motion of the 

<lb/>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I cannot conceive that the air can imprint in a very 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg315"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>great &longs;tone, or in a gro&longs;s Globe of Wood or Ball of Lead, as 

<lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;e of two hundred weight, the motion wherewith its &longs;elf is 

<lb/>moved, and which it doth perhaps communicate to feathers, &longs;now, 

<lb/>and other very light things: nay, I &longs;ee that a weight of that na&shy;

<lb/>ture, being expo&longs;ed to any the mo&longs;t impetuous wind, is not there&shy;

<lb/>by removed an inch from its place; now con&longs;ider with your &longs;elf 

<lb/>whether the air will carry it along therewith.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg315"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motion of the 

<lb/>Air apt to carry 

<lb/>with it light things 

<lb/>but not heavy.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>There is great difference between your experiment and 

<lb/>our ca&longs;e. </s><s>You introduce the wind blowing again&longs;t that &longs;tone, 

<lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;ed in a &longs;tate of re&longs;t, and we expo&longs;e to the air, which already 

<lb/>moveth, the &longs;tone which doth al&longs;o move with the &longs;ame velocity; 

<lb/>&longs;o that the air is not to conferr a new motion upon it, but onely 

<lb/>to maintain, or to &longs;peak better, not to hinder the motion already 

<lb/>acquired: you would drive the &longs;tone with a &longs;trange and preter&shy;

<lb/>natural motion, and we de&longs;ire to con&longs;erve it in its natural. </s><s>If 

<lb/>you would produce a more pertinent experiment, you &longs;hould &longs;ay, 

<lb/>that it is ob&longs;erved, if not with the eye of the forehead, yet with 

<lb/>that of the mind, what would evene, if an eagle that is carried by 

<lb/>the cour&longs;e of the wind, &longs;hould let a &longs;tone fall from its talons; 

<lb/>which, in regard that at its being let go, it went along with the 

<lb/>wind, and after it was let fall it entered into a <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> that mo&shy;

<lb/>ved with equal velocity, I am very confident that it would not be 

<lb/>&longs;een to de&longs;cend in its fall perpendicularly, but that following the 

<lb/>cour&longs;e of the wind, and adding thereto that of its particular gra&shy;

<lb/>vity, it would move with a tran&longs;ver&longs;e motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPI. </s><s>But it would fir&longs;t be known how &longs;uch an experiment 

<lb/>may be made; and then one might judg according to the event. 

<lb/></s><s>In the mean time the effect of the &longs;hip doth hitherto incline to fa&shy;

<lb/>vour our opinion.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/133.jpg" pagenum="125"/><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Well &longs;aid you <emph type="italics"/>hitherto,<emph.end type="italics"/> for perhaps it may anon change 

<lb/>countenance. </s><s>And that I may no longer hold you in &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;e, 

<lb/>tell me, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> do you really believe, that the Experiment of 

<lb/>the &longs;hip &longs;quares &longs;o very well with our purpo&longs;e, as that it ought to 

<lb/>be believed, that that which we &longs;ee happen in it, ought al&longs;o to 

<lb/>evene in the Terre&longs;trial Globe?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>As yet I am of that opinion; and though you have 

<lb/>alledged &longs;ome &longs;mall di&longs;parities, I do not think them of &longs;o great 

<lb/>moment, as that they &longs;hould make me change my judgment.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I rather de&longs;ire that you would continue therein, and 

<lb/>hold for certain, that the effect of the Earth would exactly an&longs;wer 

<lb/>that of the &longs;hip: provided, that when it &longs;hall appear prejudicial to 

<lb/>your cau&longs;e, you would not be humorous and alter your thoughts. 

<lb/></s><s>You may haply &longs;ay, Fora&longs;much as when the &longs;hip &longs;tands &longs;till, the 

<lb/>&longs;tone falls at the foot of the Ma&longs;t, and when &longs;he is under &longs;ail, it 

<lb/>lights far from thence, that therefore by conver&longs;ion, from the &longs;tones 

<lb/>falling at the foot is argued the &longs;hips &longs;tanding &longs;till, and from its 

<lb/>falling far from thence is argued her moving; and becau&longs;e that 

<lb/>which occurreth to the &longs;hip, ought likewi&longs;e to befall the Earth: 

<lb/>that therefore from the falling of the &longs;tone at the foot of the Tow&shy;

<lb/>er is nece&longs;&longs;arily inferred the immobility of the Terre&longs;trial Globe. 

<lb/></s><s>Is not this your argumentation?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It is; and reduced into that conci&longs;ene&longs;s, as that it is 

<lb/>become mo&longs;t ea&longs;ie to be apprehended.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now tell me; if the &longs;tone let fall from the Round&shy;

<lb/>top, when the &longs;hip is in a &longs;wift cour&longs;e, &longs;hould fall exactly in 

<lb/>the &longs;ame place of the &longs;hip, in which it falleth when the &longs;hip is at 

<lb/>anchor, what &longs;ervice would the&longs;e experiments do you, in order to 

<lb/>the a&longs;certaining whether the ve&longs;&longs;el doth &longs;tand &longs;till or move?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Ju&longs;t none: Like as, for exemple, from the beating of 

<lb/>the pul&longs;e one cannot know whether a per&longs;on be a&longs;leep or awake, 

<lb/>&longs;eeing that the pul&longs;e beateth after the &longs;ame manner in &longs;leeping as 

<lb/>in waking.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Very well. </s><s>Have you ever tryed the experiment of the 

<lb/>Ship?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I have not; but yet I believe that tho&longs;e Authors 

<lb/>which alledg the &longs;ame, have accurately ob&longs;erved it; be&longs;ides that 

<lb/>the cau&longs;e of the di&longs;parity is &longs;o manife&longs;tly known, that it admits 

<lb/>of no que&longs;tion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>That it is po&longs;&longs;ible that tho&longs;e Authors in&longs;tance in it, 

<lb/>without having made tryal of it, you your &longs;elf are a good te&longs;ti&shy;

<lb/>mony, that without having examined it, alledg it as certain, and in 

<lb/>a credulous way remit it to their authority; as it is now not onely 

<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible, but very probable that they likewi&longs;e did; I mean, did 

<lb/>remit the &longs;ame to their Predece&longs;&longs;ors, without ever arriving at one 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/134.jpg" pagenum="126"/>that had made the experiment: for whoever &longs;hall examine the 

<lb/>&longs;ame, &longs;hall find the event &longs;ucceed quite contrary to what hath 

<lb/>been written of it: that is, he &longs;hall &longs;ee the &longs;tone fall at all times 

<lb/>in the &longs;ame place of the Ship, whether it &longs;tand &longs;till, or move with 

<lb/>any what&longs;oever velocity. </s><s>So that the &longs;ame holding true in the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg316"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Earth, as in the Ship, one cannot from the &longs;tones falling perpen&shy;

<lb/>dicularly at the foot of the Tower, conclude any thing touching 

<lb/>the motion or re&longs;t of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg316"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The stone falling 

<lb/>from the Mast of 

<lb/>a &longs;hip lights in the 

<lb/>&longs;ame place, whe&shy;

<lb/>ther the &longs;hip doth 

<lb/>move or ly still.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>If you &longs;hould refer me to any other means than to 

<lb/>experience, I verily believe our Di&longs;putations would not come to 

<lb/>an end in ha&longs;te; for this &longs;eemeth to me a thing &longs;o remote from all 

<lb/>humane rea&longs;on, as that it leaveth not the lea&longs;t place for credulity 

<lb/>or probability.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And yet it hath left place in me for both.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>How is this? </s><s>You have not made an hundred, no nor 

<lb/>one proof thereof, and do you &longs;o confidently affirm it for true? 

<lb/></s><s>I for my part will return to my incredulity, and to the confidence 

<lb/>I had that the Experiment hath been tried by the principal Au&shy;

<lb/>thors who made u&longs;e thereof, and that the event &longs;ucceeded as they 

<lb/>affirm.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am a&longs;&longs;ured that the effect will en&longs;ue as I tell you; for &longs;o 

<lb/>it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that it &longs;hould: and I farther add, that you know your 

<lb/>&longs;elf that it cannot fall out otherwi&longs;e, however you feign or &longs;eem to 

<lb/>feign that you know it not. </s><s>Yet I am &longs;o good at taming of wits, 

<lb/>that I will make you confe&longs;s the &longs;ame whether you will or no. </s><s>But 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;tands very mute, and yet, if I mi&longs;take not, I &longs;aw him 

<lb/>make an offer to &longs;peak &longs;omewhat.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I had an intent to &longs;ay &longs;omething, but to tell you true, I 

<lb/>know not what it was; for the curio&longs;ity that you have moved in me, 

<lb/>by promi&longs;ing that you would force <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> to di&longs;cover the 

<lb/>knowledg which he would conceal from us, hath made me to de&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;e all other thoughts: therefore I pray you to make good your 

<lb/>vaunt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Provided that <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> do con&longs;ent to reply to what I 

<lb/>&longs;hall ask him, I will not fail to do it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I will an&longs;wer what I know, a&longs;&longs;ured that I &longs;hall not be 

<lb/>much put to it, for that of tho&longs;e things which I hold to be fal&longs;e, 

<lb/>I think nothing can be known, in regard that Science re&longs;pecteth 

<lb/>truths and not fal&longs;hoods.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I de&longs;ire not that you &longs;hould &longs;ay or reply, that you know 

<lb/>any thing, &longs;ave that which you mo&longs;t a&longs;&longs;uredly know. </s><s>Therefore 

<lb/>tell me; If you had here a flat &longs;uperficies as polite as a Looking&shy;

<lb/>gla&longs;s, and of a &longs;ub&longs;tance as hard as &longs;teel, and that it were not pa&shy;

<lb/>ralel to the Horizon, but &longs;omewhat inclining, and that upon it 

<lb/>you did put a Ball perfectly &longs;pherical, and of a &longs;ub&longs;tance grave and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/135.jpg" pagenum="127"/>hard, as &longs;uppo&longs;e of bra&longs;s; what think you it would do being let 

<lb/>go? </s><s>do not you believe (as for my part I do) that it would lie 

<lb/>&longs;till?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>If that &longs;uperficies were inclining?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Yes; for &longs;o I have already &longs;uppo&longs;ed.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I cannot conceive how it &longs;hould lie &longs;till: nay, I am 

<lb/>confident that it would move towards the declivity with much pro&shy;

<lb/>pen&longs;ne&longs;s.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Take good heed what you &longs;ay, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> for I am 

<lb/>confident that it would lie &longs;till in what ever place you &longs;hould lay 

<lb/>it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>So long as you make u&longs;e of &longs;uch &longs;uppo&longs;itions, <emph type="italics"/>Sal&shy;

<lb/>viatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> I &longs;hall cea&longs;e to wonder if you inferr mo&longs;t ab&longs;urd con&shy;

<lb/>clu&longs;ions.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Are you a&longs;&longs;ured, then, that it would freely move to&shy;

<lb/>wards the declivity?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Who doubts it?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And this you verily believe, not becau&longs;e I told you &longs;o, 

<lb/>(for I endeavoured to per&longs;wade you to think the contrary) but of 

<lb/>your &longs;elf, and upon your natural judgment.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Now I &longs;ee what you would be at; you &longs;poke not this 

<lb/>as really believing the &longs;ame; but to try me, and to wre&longs;t matter 

<lb/>out of my own mouth wherewith to condemn me.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You are in the right. </s><s>And how long would that Ball 

<lb/>move, and with what velocity? </s><s>But take notice that I in&longs;tanced 

<lb/>in a Ball exactly round, and a plain exqui&longs;itely poli&longs;hed, that all 

<lb/>external and accidental impediments might be taken away. </s><s>And 

<lb/>&longs;o would I have you remove all ob&longs;tructions cau&longs;ed by the Airs re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;i&longs;tance to divi&longs;ion, and all other ca&longs;ual ob&longs;tacles, if any other 

<lb/>there can be.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I very well under&longs;tand your meaning, and as to your 

<lb/>demand, I an&longs;wer, that the Ball would continue to move <emph type="italics"/>in in&shy;

<lb/>finitum,<emph.end type="italics"/> if the inclination of the plain &longs;hould &longs;o long la&longs;t, and con&shy;

<lb/>tinually with an accelerating motion; for &longs;uch is the nature of 

<lb/>ponderous moveables, that <emph type="italics"/>vires acquirant eundo<emph.end type="italics"/>: and the great&shy;

<lb/>er the declivity was, the greater the velocity would be.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But if one &longs;hould require that that Ball &longs;hould move 

<lb/>upwards on that &longs;ame &longs;uperficies, do you believe that it would 

<lb/>&longs;o do?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Not &longs;pontaneou&longs;ly; but being drawn, or violently 

<lb/>thrown, it may.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And in ca&longs;e it were thru&longs;t forward by the impre&longs;&longs;ion of 

<lb/>&longs;ome violent <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> from without, what and how great would 

<lb/>its motion be?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>The motion would go continually decrea&longs;ing and re&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/136.jpg" pagenum="128"/>tarding, as being contrary to nature; and would be longer or 

<lb/>&longs;horter, according to the greater or le&longs;s impul&longs;e, and according to 

<lb/>the greater or le&longs;s acclivity.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It &longs;eems, then, that hitherto you have explained to me 

<lb/>the accidents of a moveable upon two different Planes; and that 

<lb/>in the inclining plane, the grave moveable doth &longs;pontaneou&longs;ly de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cend, and goeth continually accelerating, and that to retain it in 

<lb/>re&longs;t, force mu&longs;t be u&longs;ed therein: but that on the a&longs;cending plane, 

<lb/>there is required a force to thru&longs;t it forward, and al&longs;o to &longs;tay it in 

<lb/>re&longs;t, and that the motion impre&longs;&longs;ed goeth continually dimini&longs;hing, 

<lb/>till that in the end it cometh to nothing. </s><s>You &longs;ay yet farther, 

<lb/>that in both the one and the other ca&longs;e, there do ari&longs;e differences 

<lb/>from the planes having a greater or le&longs;s declivity or acclivity; &longs;o 

<lb/>that the greater inclination is attended with the greater velocity; 

<lb/>and contrariwi&longs;e, upon the a&longs;cending plane, the &longs;ame moveable 

<lb/>thrown with the &longs;ame force, moveth a greater di&longs;tance, by how 

<lb/>much the elevation is le&longs;s. </s><s>Now tell me, what would befall the 

<lb/>&longs;ame moveable upon a &longs;uperficies that had neither acclivity nor 

<lb/>declivity?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Here you mu&longs;t give me a little time to con&longs;ider of an 

<lb/>an&longs;wer. </s><s>There being no declivity, there can be no natural incli&shy;

<lb/>nation to motion: and there being no acclivity, there can be no 

<lb/>re&longs;i&longs;tance to being moved; &longs;o that there would ari&longs;e an indiffe&shy;

<lb/>rence between propen&longs;ion and re&longs;i&longs;tance of motion; therefore, 

<lb/>methinks it ought naturally to &longs;tand &longs;till. </s><s>But I had forgot my 

<lb/>&longs;elf: it was but even now that <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/> gave me to under&longs;tand 

<lb/>that it would &longs;o do.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So I think, provided one did lay it down gently: but 

<lb/>if it had an <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> given it towards any part, what would fol&shy;

<lb/>low?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There would follow, that it &longs;hould move towards that 

<lb/>part.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But with what kind of motion? </s><s>with the continually 

<lb/>accelerated, as in declining planes; or with the &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively re&shy;

<lb/>tarded, as in tho&longs;e a&longs;cending.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I cannot tell how to di&longs;cover any cau&longs;e of acceleration, 

<lb/>or retardation, there being no declivity or acclivity.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Well: but if there be no cau&longs;e of retardation, much 

<lb/>le&longs;s ought there to be any cau&longs;e of re&longs;t. </s><s>How long therefore 

<lb/>would you have the moveable to move?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>As long as that &longs;uperficies, neither inclined nor decli&shy;

<lb/>ned &longs;hall la&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore if &longs;uch a &longs;pace were interminate, the motion 

<lb/>upon the &longs;ame would likewi&longs;e have no termination, that is, would 

<lb/>be perpetual.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/137.jpg" pagenum="129"/><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think &longs;o, if &longs;o be the moveable be of a matter 

<lb/>durable.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>That hath been already &longs;uppo&longs;ed, when it was &longs;aid, 

<lb/>that all external and accidental impediments were removed, and 

<lb/>the brittlene&longs;&longs;e of the moveable in this our ca&longs;e, is one of tho&longs;e 

<lb/>impediments accidental. </s><s>Tell me now, what do you think is the 

<lb/>cau&longs;e that that &longs;ame Ball moveth &longs;pontaneou&longs;ly upon the inclining 

<lb/>plane, and not without violence upon the erected?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Becau&longs;e the inclination of grave bodies is to move to&shy;

<lb/>wards the centre of the Earth, and onely by violence upwards to&shy;

<lb/>wards the circumference; and the inclining &longs;uperficies is that 

<lb/>which acquireth vicinity to the centre, and the a&longs;cending one, 

<lb/>remotene&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore a &longs;uperficies, which &longs;hould be neither de&shy;

<lb/>clining nor a&longs;cending, ought in all its parts to be equally di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tant from the centre. </s><s>But is there any &longs;uch &longs;uperficies in the 

<lb/>World?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There is no want thereof: Such is our Terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe, if it were more even, and not as it is rough and montai&shy;

<lb/>nous; but you have that of the Water, at &longs;uch time as it is calm 

<lb/>and &longs;till.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then a &longs;hip which moveth in a calm at Sea, is one of 

<lb/>tho&longs;e moveables, which run along one of tho&longs;e &longs;uperficies that 

<lb/>are neither declining nor a&longs;cending, and therefore di&longs;po&longs;ed, in 

<lb/>ca&longs;e all ob&longs;tacles external and accidental were removed, to move 

<lb/>with the impul&longs;e once imparted ince&longs;&longs;antly and uniformly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It &longs;hould &longs;eem to be &longs;o.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And that &longs;tone which is on the round top, doth not it 

<lb/>move, as being together with the &longs;hip carried about by the cir&shy;

<lb/>cumference of a Circle about the Centre; and therefore con&longs;e&shy;

<lb/>quently by a motion in it indelible, if all extern ob&longs;tacles be 

<lb/>removed? </s><s>And is not this motion as &longs;wift as that of the &longs;hip.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Hitherto all is well. </s><s>But what followeth?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then in good time recant, I pray you, that your la&longs;t 

<lb/>conclu&longs;ion, if you are &longs;atisfied with the truth of all the pre&shy;

<lb/>mi&longs;es.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>By my la&longs;t conclu&longs;ion, you mean, That that &longs;ame 

<lb/>&longs;tone moving with a motion indelibly impre&longs;&longs;ed upon it, is not to 

<lb/>leave, nay rather is to follow the &longs;hip, and in the end to light in 

<lb/>the &longs;elf &longs;ame place, where it falleth when the &longs;hip lyeth &longs;till; and 

<lb/>&longs;o I al&longs;o grant it would do, in ca&longs;e there were no outward impe&shy;

<lb/>diments that might di&longs;turb the &longs;tones motion, after its being let 

<lb/>go, the which impediments are two, the one is the moveables 

<lb/>inability to break through the air with its meer <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> onely, it 

<lb/>being deprived of that of the &longs;trength of Oars, of which it had 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/138.jpg" pagenum="130"/>been partaker, as part of the &longs;hip, at the time that it was upon 

<lb/>the Ma&longs;t; the other is the new motion of de&longs;cent, which al&longs;o 

<lb/>mu&longs;t needs be an hinderance of that other progre&longs;&longs;ive motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>As to the impediment of the Air, I do not deny it 

<lb/>you; and if the thing falling were a light matter, as a feather, 

<lb/>or a lock of wool, the retardation would be very great, but in 

<lb/>an heavy &longs;tone is very exceeding &longs;mall. </s><s>And you your &longs;elf but 

<lb/>even now did &longs;ay, that the force of the mo&longs;t impetuous wind 

<lb/>&longs;ufficeth not to &longs;tir a great &longs;tone from its place; now do but con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ider what the calmer air is able to do, being encountred by a 

<lb/>&longs;tone no more &longs;wift than the whole &longs;hip. </s><s>Neverthele&longs;&longs;e, as I &longs;aid 

<lb/>before, I do allow you this &longs;mall effect, that may depend upon 

<lb/>&longs;uch an impediment; like as I know, that you will grant to me, 

<lb/>that if the air &longs;hould move with the &longs;ame velocity that the &longs;hip 

<lb/>and &longs;tone hath, then the impediment would be nothing at all. 

<lb/></s><s>As to the other of the additional motion downwards; in the fir&longs;t 

<lb/>place it is manife&longs;t, that the&longs;e two, I mean the circular, about 

<lb/>the centre, and the &longs;treight, towards the centre, are not contra&shy;

<lb/>ries, or de&longs;tructive to one another, or incompatible. </s><s>Becau&longs;e that 

<lb/>as to the moveable, it hath no repugnance at all to &longs;uch motions, 

<lb/>for you your &longs;elf have already confe&longs;t the repugnance to be a&shy;

<lb/>gain&longs;t the motion which removeth from the centre, and the incli&shy;

<lb/>nation to be towards the motion which approacheth to the centre. 

<lb/></s><s>Whence it doth of nece&longs;&longs;ity follow, that the moveable hath nei&shy;

<lb/>ther repugnance, nor propen&longs;ion to the motion which neither ap&shy;

<lb/>proacheth, nor goeth from the centre, nor con&longs;equently is there 

<lb/>any cau&longs;e for the dimini&longs;hing in it the faculty impre&longs;&longs;ed. </s><s>And for&shy;

<lb/>a&longs;much as the moving cau&longs;e is not one alone, which it hath at&shy;

<lb/>tained by the new operation of retardation; but that they are 

<lb/>two, di&longs;tinct from each other, of which, the gravity attends on&shy;

<lb/>ly to the drawing of the moveable towards the centre, and the 

<lb/>vertue impre&longs;s't to the conducting it about the centre, there re&shy;

<lb/>maineth no occa&longs;ion of impediment.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Your argumentation, to give you your due, is very 

<lb/>probable; but in reality it is invelloped with certain intricacies, 

<lb/>that are not ea&longs;ie to be extricated. </s><s>You have all along built upon 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg317"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>a &longs;uppo&longs;ition, which the <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Schools will not ea&longs;ily grant 

<lb/>you, as being directly contrary to <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and it is to take for 

<lb/>known and manife&longs;t, That the project &longs;eparated from the proji&shy;

<lb/>cient, continueth the motion by <emph type="italics"/>vertue impre&longs;&longs;ed<emph.end type="italics"/> on it by the 

<lb/>&longs;aid projicient, which <emph type="italics"/>vertue impre&longs;&longs;ed<emph.end type="italics"/> is a thing as much dete&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ted in <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Philo&longs;ophy, as the pa&longs;&longs;age of any accident 

<lb/>from one &longs;ubject into another. </s><s>Which doctrine doth hold, as I 

<lb/>believe it is well known unto you, that the project is carried by 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> which in our ca&longs;e happeneth to be the Air. </s><s>And 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/139.jpg" pagenum="131"/>therefore if that &longs;tone let fall from the round top, ought to fol&shy;

<lb/>low the motion of the &longs;hip, that effect &longs;hould be a&longs;cribed to the 

<lb/>Air, and not to the vertue impre&longs;&longs;ed. </s><s>But you pre&longs;uppo&longs;e that 

<lb/>the Air doth not follow the motion of the &longs;hip, but is tranquil. 

<lb/></s><s>Moreover, he that letteth it fall, is not to throw it, or to give 

<lb/>it <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> with his arm, but ought barely to open his hand and let 

<lb/>it go; and by this means, the &longs;tone, neither through the vertue 

<lb/>impre&longs;&longs;ed by the projicient, nor through the help of the Air, 

<lb/>&longs;hall be able to follow the &longs;hips motion, and therefore &longs;hall be 

<lb/>left behind.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg317"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The project ac&shy;

<lb/>cording to<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;to&shy;

<lb/>tle, <emph type="italics"/>is not moved by 

<lb/>vertue impre&longs;&longs;ed, 

<lb/>but by the<emph.end type="italics"/> medium.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I think then that you would &longs;ay, that if the &longs;tone be 

<lb/>not thrown by the arm of that per&longs;on, it is no longer a pro&shy;

<lb/>jection.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It cannot be properly called a motion of projection.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So then that which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;peaks of the motion, the 

<lb/>moveable, and the mover of the projects, hath nothing to do 

<lb/>with the bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e in hand; and if it concern not our purpo&longs;e, 

<lb/>why do you alledg the &longs;ame?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I produce it on the ocea&longs;ion of that impre&longs;&longs;ed vertue, 

<lb/>named and introduced by you, which having no being in the 

<lb/>World, can be of no force; for <emph type="italics"/>non-entium null&aelig; &longs;unt operatio&shy;

<lb/>nes<emph.end type="italics"/>; and therefore not onely of projected, but of all other pre&shy;

<lb/>ternatural motions, the moving cau&longs;e ought to be a&longs;cribed to the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> of which there hath been no due con&longs;ideration had; 

<lb/>and therefore all that hath been &longs;aid hitherto is to no purpo&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Go to now, in good time. </s><s>But tell me, &longs;eeing that 

<lb/>your in&longs;tance is wholly grounded upon the nullity of the vertue 

<lb/>impre&longs;&longs;ed, if I &longs;hall demon&longs;trate to you, that the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> hath 

<lb/>nothing to do in the continuation of projects, after they are &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>patated from the projicient, will you admit of the impre&longs;&longs;ed ver&shy;

<lb/>tue, or will you make another attempt to overthrow it?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The operation of the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> being removed, I &longs;ee not 

<lb/>how one can have recour&longs;e to any thing el&longs;e &longs;ave the faculty im&shy;

<lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ed by the mover.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It would be well, for the removing, as much as is 

<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible, the occa&longs;ions of multiplying contentions, that you 

<lb/>would explain with as much di&longs;tinctne&longs;&longs;e as may be, what is that 

<lb/>operation of the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> in continuing the motion of the project.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg318"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg318"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Operation of the<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>medium <emph type="italics"/>in continu&shy;

<lb/>ing the motion of 

<lb/>the project.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The projicient hath the &longs;tone in his hand, and with 

<lb/>force and violence throws his arm, with which jactation the 

<lb/>&longs;tone doth not move &longs;o much as the circumambient Air; &longs;o that 

<lb/>when the &longs;tone at its being for&longs;aken by the hand, findeth it &longs;elf 

<lb/>in the Air, which at the &longs;ame time moveth with impetou&longs;ity, it 

<lb/>is thereby born away; for, if the air did not operate, the &longs;tone 

<lb/>would fall at the foot of the projicient or thrower.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/140.jpg" pagenum="132"/><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg319"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg319"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Many experi&shy;

<lb/>ments, and rea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ons again&longs;t the 

<lb/>cau&longs;e of the moti&shy;

<lb/>on of projects, a&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;igned by<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And was you &longs;o credulous, as to &longs;uffer your &longs;elf to be 

<lb/>per&longs;waded to believe the&longs;e fopperies, &longs;o long as you had your 

<lb/>&longs;en&longs;es about you to confute them, and to under&longs;tand the 

<lb/>truth thereof? </s><s>Therefore tell me, that great &longs;tone, and that 

<lb/>Canon bullet, which but onely laid upon a table, did continue 

<lb/>immoveable again&longs;t the mo&longs;t impetuous winds, according as you a 

<lb/>little before did affirm, if it had been a ball of cork or other light 

<lb/>&longs;tuffe, think you that the wind would have removed it from its 

<lb/>place?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. Yes, and I am a&longs;&longs;ured that it would have blown it 

<lb/>quite away, and with &longs;o much more velocity, by how much the 

<lb/>matter was lighter, for upon this rea&longs;on we &longs;ee the clouds to be 

<lb/>tran&longs;ported with a velocity equal to that of the wind that drives 

<lb/>them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And what is the Wind?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The Wind is defined to be nothing el&longs;e but air moved.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then the moved air doth carry light things more 

<lb/>&longs;wiftly, and to a greater di&longs;tance, then it doth heavy.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Yes certainly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But if you were to throw with your arm a &longs;tone, and a 

<lb/>lock of cotton wool, which would move &longs;wi&longs;te&longs;t and farthe&longs;t?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The &longs;tone by much; nay the wool would fall at my 

<lb/>feet.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. But, if that which moveth the projected &longs;ub&longs;tance, af&shy;

<lb/>ter it is delivered from the hand, be no other than the air moved 

<lb/>by the arm, and the moved air do more ea&longs;ily bear away light 

<lb/>than grave matters, how cometh it that the project of wool flieth 

<lb/>not farther, and &longs;wifter than that of &longs;tone? </s><s>Certainly it argu&shy;

<lb/>eth that the &longs;tone hath &longs;ome other impul&longs;e be&longs;ides the motion of 

<lb/>the air. </s><s>Furthermore, if two &longs;trings of equal length did hang 

<lb/>at yonder beam, and at the end of one there was fa&longs;tened a bul&shy;

<lb/>let of lead, and a ball of cotton wool at the other, and both 

<lb/>were carried to an equal di&longs;tance from the perpendicular, and 

<lb/>then let go; it is not to be doubted, but that both the one and 

<lb/>the other would move towards the perpendicular, and that being 

<lb/>carried by their own <emph type="italics"/>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"/> they would go a certain &longs;pace be&shy;

<lb/>yond it, and afterwards return thither again. </s><s>But which of the&longs;e 

<lb/>two pendent Globes do you think, would continue longe&longs;t in mo&shy;

<lb/>tion, before that it would come to re&longs;t in its perpendicularity?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The ball of lead would &longs;wing to and again many times, 

<lb/>and that of wool but two or three at the mo&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that that <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> and that <emph type="italics"/>mobility<emph.end type="italics"/> what&longs;oever is 

<lb/>the cau&longs;e thereof, would con&longs;erve its &longs;elf longer in grave &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tances, than light; I proceed now to another particular, and de&shy;

<lb/>mand of you, why the air doth not carry away that Lemon 

<lb/>which is upon that &longs;ame Table?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/141.jpg" pagenum="133"/><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Becau&longs;e that the air it &longs;elf is not moved</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is requi&longs;ite then, that the projicient do confer mo&shy;

<lb/>tion on the Air, with which it afterward moveth the project. </s><s>But 

<lb/>if &longs;uch a motion cannot be impre&longs;&longs;ed [<emph type="italics"/>i. </s><s>e. </s><s>imparted<emph.end type="italics"/>] it being im&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible to make an accident pa&longs;&longs;e out of one &longs;ubject into another, 

<lb/>how can it pa&longs;&longs;e from the arm into the Air? </s><s>Will you &longs;ay that the 

<lb/>Air is not a &longs;ubject different from the arm?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>To this it is an&longs;wered that the Air, in regard it is nei&shy;

<lb/>ther heavy nor light in its own Region, is di&longs;po&longs;ed with facility to 

<lb/>receive every impul&longs;e, and al&longs;o to retain the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But if tho&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>penduli<emph.end type="italics"/> even now named, did prove 

<lb/>unto us, that the moveable, the le&longs;&longs;e it had of gravity, the le&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>apt it was to con&longs;erve its motion, how can it be that the Air 

<lb/>which in the Air hath no gravity at all, doth of it &longs;elf alone re&shy;

<lb/>tain the motion acquired? </s><s>I believe, and know that you by this 

<lb/>time are of the &longs;ame opinion, that the arm doth not &longs;ooner re&shy;

<lb/>turn to re&longs;t, than doth the circumambient Air. </s><s>Let's go into the 

<lb/>Chamber, and with a towel let us agitate the Air as much as we 

<lb/>can, and then holding the cloth &longs;till, let a little candle be 

<lb/>brought, that was lighted in the next room, or in the &longs;ame place 

<lb/>let a leaf of beaten Gold be left at liberty to flie any wav, and you 

<lb/>&longs;hall by the calm vagation of them be a&longs;&longs;ured that the Air is imme&shy;

<lb/>diately reduced to tranquilty. </s><s>I could alledg many other experi&shy;

<lb/>ments to the &longs;ame purpo&longs;e, but if one of the&longs;e &longs;hould not &longs;uf&shy;

<lb/>fice, I &longs;hould think your folly altogether incurable.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>When an arrow is &longs;hot again&longs;t the Wind, how incredi&shy;

<lb/>ble a thing is it, that that &longs;ame &longs;mall filament of air, impelled by 

<lb/>the bow-&longs;tring, &longs;hould in de&longs;pite of fate go along with the arrow? 

<lb/></s><s>But I would willingly know another particular of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> to 

<lb/>which I intreat <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> would vouch&longs;afe me an an&longs;wer. </s><s>Sup&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ing that with the &longs;ame Bow there were &longs;hot two arrows, one 

<lb/>ju&longs;t after the u&longs;ual manner, and the other &longs;ide-wayes, placing it 

<lb/>long-wayes upon the Bow-&longs;tring, and then letting it flie, I would 

<lb/>know which of them would go farthe&longs;t. </s><s>Favour me, I pray you 

<lb/>with an an&longs;wer, though the que&longs;tion may &longs;eem to you rather 

<lb/>ridiculous than otherwi&longs;e; and excu&longs;e me, for that I, who am, as 

<lb/>you &longs;ee, rather blocki&longs;h, than not, can reach no higher with my 

<lb/>&longs;peculative faculty.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I have never &longs;een an arrow &longs;hot in that manner, yet 

<lb/>neverthele&longs;&longs;e I believe, that it would not flie &longs;ide-long, the 

<lb/>twentieth part of the &longs;pace that it goeth end-wayes.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And for that I am of the &longs;ame opinion, hence it is, that 

<lb/>I have a doubt ri&longs;en in me, whether <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/> doth not contradict 

<lb/>experience. </s><s>For as to experience, if I lay two arrows upon this 

<lb/>Table, in a time when a &longs;trong Wind bloweth, one towards 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/142.jpg" pagenum="134"/>the cour&longs;e of the wind, and the other &longs;idelong, the wind will 

<lb/>quickly carry away this later, and leave the other where it was; 

<lb/>and the &longs;ame to my &longs;eeming, ought to happen, if the Doctrine of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> were true, of tho&longs;e two &longs;hot out of a Bow: fora&longs;much 

<lb/>as the arrow &longs;hot &longs;ideways is driven by a great quantity of Air, 

<lb/>moved by the bow&longs;tring, to wit by as much as the &longs;aid &longs;tring is 

<lb/>long, whereas the other arrow receiveth no greater a quantity of 

<lb/>air, than the &longs;mall circle of the &longs;trings thickne&longs;s. </s><s>And I cannot 

<lb/>imagine what may be the rea&longs;on of &longs;uch a difference, but would 

<lb/>fain know the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The cau&longs;e &longs;eemeth to me &longs;ufficiently manife&longs;t; and it 

<lb/>is, becau&longs;e the arrow &longs;hot endways, hath but a little quantity of 

<lb/>air to penetrate, and the other is to make its way through a quan&shy;

<lb/>tity as great as its whole length.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then it &longs;eems the arrows &longs;hot, are to penetrate the air? 

<lb/></s><s>but if the air goeth along with them, yea, is that which carrieth 

<lb/>them, what penetration can they make therein? </s><s>Do you not &longs;ee 

<lb/>that, in this ca&longs;e, the arrow would of nece&longs;&longs;ity move with greater 

<lb/>velocity than the air? </s><s>and this greater velocity, what doth confer 

<lb/>it on the arrow? </s><s>Will you &longs;ay the air giveth them a velocity 

<lb/>greater than its own? </s><s>Know then, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> that the bu&longs;ine&longs;s 

<lb/>proceeds quite contrary to that which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aith, and that the </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg320"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> conferreth the motion on the project, is as fal&longs;e, as it is 

<lb/>true, that it is the onely thing which procureth its ob&longs;truction; and 

<lb/>having known this, you &longs;hall under&longs;tand without finding any thing 

<lb/>whereof to make que&longs;tion, that if the air be really moved, it doth 

<lb/>much better carry the dart along with it longways, than endways, 

<lb/>for that the air which impelleth it in that po&longs;ture, is much, and in 

<lb/>this very little. </s><s>But &longs;hooting with the Bow, fora&longs;much as the air 

<lb/>&longs;tands &longs;till, the tran&longs;ver&longs;e arrow, being to force its pa&longs;&longs;age through 

<lb/>much air, comes to be much impeded, and the other that was nock't 

<lb/>ea&longs;ily overcometh the ob&longs;truction of the &longs;mall quantity of air, 

<lb/>which oppo&longs;eth it &longs;elf thereto.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg320"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> medium <emph type="italics"/>doth 

<lb/>impede and not cor&shy;

<lb/>fer the motion of 

<lb/>projects.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>How many Propo&longs;itions have I ob&longs;erved in <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>(meaning &longs;till in Natural Philo&longs;ophy) that are not onely fal&longs;e, 

<lb/>but fal&longs;e in &longs;uch &longs;ort, that its diametrical contrary is true, as it 

<lb/>happens in this ca&longs;e. </s><s>But pur&longs;uing the point in hand, I think that 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> is per&longs;waded, that, from &longs;eeing the &longs;tone always to fall 

<lb/>in the &longs;ame place, he cannot conjecture either the motion or &longs;ta&shy;

<lb/>bility of the Ship: and if what hath been hitherto &longs;poken, 

<lb/>&longs;hould not &longs;uffice, there is the Experiment of the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> which 

<lb/>may thorowly a&longs;&longs;ure us thereof; in which experiment, the mo&longs;t 

<lb/>that could be &longs;een would be, that the cadent moveable might be 

<lb/>left behind, if it were light, and that the air did not follow the 

<lb/>motion of the &longs;hip: but in ca&longs;e the air &longs;hould move with equal 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/143.jpg" pagenum="135"/>velocity, no imaginable diver&longs;ity could be found either in this, 

<lb/>or any other experiment what&longs;oever, as I am anon to tell you. 

<lb/></s><s>Now if in this ca&longs;e there appeareth no difference at all, what can 

<lb/>be pretended to be &longs;een in the &longs;tone falling from the top of the 

<lb/>Tower, where the motion in gyration is not adventitious, and ac&shy;

<lb/>cidental, but natural and eternal; and where the air exactly fol&shy;

<lb/>loweth the motion of the Tower, and the Tower that of the Ter&shy;

<lb/>re&longs;trial Globe? </s><s>have you any thing el&longs;e to &longs;ay, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> upon 

<lb/>this particular?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>No more but this, that I &longs;ee not the mobility of the 

<lb/>Earth as yet proved.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Nor have I any intention at this time, but onely to 

<lb/>&longs;hew, that nothing can be concluded from the experiments alledg&shy;

<lb/>ed by our adver&longs;aries for convincing Arguments: as I think I 

<lb/>&longs;hall prove the others to be.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I be&longs;eech you, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> before you proceed any far&shy;

<lb/>ther, to permit me to &longs;tart certain que&longs;tions, which have been 

<lb/>rouling in my fancy all the while that you with &longs;o much patience 

<lb/>and equanimity, was minutely explaining to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> the expe&shy;

<lb/>riment of the Ship.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We are here met with a purpo&longs;e to di&longs;pute, and it's fit 

<lb/>that every one &longs;hould move the difficulties that he meets withall, 

<lb/>for this is the way to come to the knowledg of the truth. 

<lb/></s><s>Therefore &longs;peak freely.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If it be true, that the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> wherewith the &longs;hip moves, 

<lb/>doth remain indelibly impre&longs;&longs;'d in the &longs;tone, after it is let fall from 

<lb/>the Ma&longs;t; and if it be farther true, that this motion brings no im&shy;

<lb/>pediment or retardment to the motion directly downwards, na&shy;

<lb/>tural to the &longs;tone: it's nece&longs;&longs;ary, that there do an effect en&longs;ue of 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg321"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>a very wonderful nature. </s><s>Let a Ship be &longs;uppo&longs;ed to &longs;tand &longs;till, 

<lb/>and let the time of the falling of a &longs;tone from the Ma&longs;ts Round-top 

<lb/>to the ground, be two beats of the pul&longs;e; let the Ship afterwards 

<lb/>be under &longs;ail, and let the &longs;ame &longs;tone depart from the &longs;ame place, 

<lb/>and it, according to what hath been premi&longs;ed, &longs;hall &longs;till take up 

<lb/>the time of two pul&longs;es in its fall, in which time the &longs;hip will have 

<lb/>run, &longs;uppo&longs;e, twenty yards; To that the true motion of the &longs;tone 

<lb/>will be a tran&longs;ver&longs;e line, con&longs;iderably longer than the fir&longs;t &longs;traight 

<lb/>and perpendicular line, which is the length of the ^{*} Ma&longs;t, and yet 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg322"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>neverthele&longs;s the ^{*} &longs;tone will have pa&longs;t it in the &longs;ame time. </s><s>Let 

<lb/>it be farther &longs;uppo&longs;ed, that the Ships motion is much more accele&shy;

<lb/>rated, &longs;o that the &longs;tone in falling &longs;hall be to pa&longs;s a tran&longs;ver&longs;e line 

<lb/>much longer than the other; and in &longs;um, increa&longs;ing the Ships ve&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg323"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>locity as much as you will, the falling &longs;tone &longs;hall de&longs;cribe its tran&longs;&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;e lines &longs;till longer and longer, and yet &longs;hall pa&longs;s them all in 

<lb/>tho&longs;e &longs;elf &longs;ame two pul&longs;es. </s><s>And in this fa&longs;hion, if a Canon were 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/144.jpg" pagenum="136"/>level'd on the top of a Tower, and &longs;hots were made therewith 

<lb/>point blank, that is, paralel to the Horizon, let the Piece have a 

<lb/>greater or le&longs;s charge, &longs;o as that the ball may fall &longs;ometimes a 

<lb/>thou&longs;and yards di&longs;tant, &longs;ometimes four thou&longs;and, &longs;ometimes &longs;ix, 

<lb/>&longs;ometimes ten, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> and all the&longs;e &longs;hots &longs;hall curry or fini&longs;h their 

<lb/>ranges in times equal to each other, and every one equal to the 

<lb/>time which the ball would take to pa&longs;s from the mouth of the 

<lb/>Piece to the ground, being left, without other impul&longs;e, to fall 

<lb/>&longs;imply downwards in a perpendicular line. </s><s>Now it &longs;eems a very 

<lb/>admirable thing, that in the &longs;ame &longs;hort time of its falling perpen&shy;

<lb/>dicularly down to the ground, from the height of, &longs;uppo&longs;e, an 

<lb/>hundred yards, the &longs;ame ball, being thru&longs;t violently out of the 

<lb/>Piece by the Fire, &longs;hould be able to pa&longs;s one while four hundred, 

<lb/>another while a thou&longs;and, another while four, another while ten 

<lb/>thou&longs;and yards, &longs;o as that the &longs;aid ball in all &longs;hots made point 

<lb/>blank, always continueth an equal time in the air.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg321"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An admirable 

<lb/>accident in the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of projects.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg322"></margin.target>*By the length of 

<lb/>the ma&longs;t he means 

<lb/>the di&longs;tance be&shy;

<lb/>tween the upper&shy;

<lb/>deck and Round&shy;

<lb/>top.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg323"></margin.target>* La palla.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The con&longs;ideration for its novelty is very pretty, and if 

<lb/>the effect be true, very admirable: and of the truth thereof, I 

<lb/>make no que&longs;tion: and were it not for the accidental impediment 

<lb/>of the air, I verily believe, that, if at the time of the balls going 

<lb/>out of the Piece, another were let fall from the &longs;ame height di&shy;

<lb/>rectly downwards, they would both come to the ground at the 

<lb/>&longs;ame in&longs;tant, though that &longs;hould have curried ten thou&longs;and 

<lb/>miles in its range, and this but an hundred onely: pre&longs;uppo&longs;ing 

<lb/>the &longs;urface of the Earth to be equal, which to be a&longs;&longs;ured of, the 

<lb/>experiment may be made upon &longs;ome lake. </s><s>As for the impediment 

<lb/>which might come from the air, it would con&longs;i&longs;t in retarding the 

<lb/>extreme &longs;wift motion of the &longs;hot. </s><s>Now, if you think fit, we will 

<lb/>proceed to the &longs;olution of the other Objections, &longs;eeing that <emph type="italics"/>Sim&shy;

<lb/>plicius<emph.end type="italics"/> (as far as I can &longs;ee) is convinc'd of the nullity of this fir&longs;t, 

<lb/>taken from things falling from on high downwards.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I find not all my &longs;cruples removed, but it may be the 

<lb/>fault is my own, as not being of &longs;o ea&longs;ie and quick an apprehen&longs;ion 

<lb/>as <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus.<emph.end type="italics"/> And it &longs;eems to me, that if this motion, of which 

<lb/>the &longs;tone did partake whil&longs;t it was on the Round-top of the Ships 

<lb/>Ma&longs;t, be, as you &longs;ay, to con&longs;erve it &longs;elf indelibly in the &longs;aid &longs;tone, 

<lb/>even after it is &longs;eparated from the Ship, it would follow, that like&shy;

<lb/>wi&longs;e in ca&longs;e any one, riding a hor&longs;e that was upon his &longs;peed, &longs;hould 

<lb/>let a bowl drop out of his hand, that bowl being fallen to the 

<lb/>ground would continue its motion and follow the hor&longs;es &longs;teps, 

<lb/>without tarrying behind him: the which effect, I believe, is not 

<lb/>to be &longs;een, unle&longs;s when he that is upon the hor&longs;e &longs;hould throw it 

<lb/>with violence that way towards which he runneth; but otherwi&longs;e, 

<lb/>I believe it will &longs;tay on the ground in the &longs;ame place where it 

<lb/>fell.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/145.jpg" pagenum="137"/><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I believe that you very much deceive your &longs;elf, and am 

<lb/>certain, that experience will &longs;hew you the contrary, and that the ball 

<lb/>being once arrived at the ground, will run together with the hor&longs;e, 

<lb/>not &longs;taying behind him, unle&longs;s &longs;o far as the a&longs;perity and uneven&shy;

<lb/>ne&longs;s of the Earth &longs;hall hinder it. </s><s>And the rea&longs;on &longs;eems to me 

<lb/>very manife&longs;t: for if you, &longs;tanding &longs;till, throw the &longs;aid ball a&shy;

<lb/>long the ground, do you think it would not continue its motion 

<lb/>even after you had delivered it out of your hand? </s><s>and that for &longs;o 

<lb/>much a greater &longs;pace, by how much the &longs;uperficies were more 

<lb/>&longs;mooth, &longs;o that <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> upon ice it would run a great way?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There is no doubt of it, if I give it <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> with my 

<lb/>arm; but in the other ca&longs;e it is &longs;uppo&longs;ed, that he who is upon the 

<lb/>hor&longs;e, onely drops it out of his hand:</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So I de&longs;ire that it &longs;hould be: but when you throw it 

<lb/>with your arm, what other remaineth to the ball being once gone 

<lb/>out of your hand, than the motion received from your arm, which 

<lb/>motion being con&longs;erved in the boul, it doth continue to carry it 

<lb/>forward? </s><s>Now, what doth it import, that that <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> be con&shy;

<lb/>ferred on the ball rather from the arm than from the hor&longs;e? </s><s>Whil&longs;t 

<lb/>you were on hor&longs;eback, did not your hand, and con&longs;equently the 

<lb/>ball run as fa&longs;t as the hor&longs;e it &longs;elf? </s><s>Doubtle&longs;s it did: therefore 

<lb/>in onely opening of the hand, the ball departs with the motion al&shy;

<lb/>ready conceived, not from your arm, by your particular motion, 

<lb/>but from the motion dependant on the &longs;aid hor&longs;e, which cometh to 

<lb/>be communicated to you, to your arm, to your hand, and la&longs;tly to 

<lb/>the ball. </s><s>Nay, I will tell you farther, that if the rider upon his 

<lb/>&longs;peed fling the ball with his arm to the part contrary to the cour&longs;e, 

<lb/>it &longs;hall, after it is fallen to the ground, &longs;ometimes (albeit thrown to 

<lb/>the contrary part) follow the cour&longs;e of the hor&longs;e, and &longs;ometimes lie 

<lb/>&longs;till on the ground; and &longs;hall onely move contrary to the &longs;aid 

<lb/>cour&longs;e, when the motion received from the arm, &longs;hall exceed that 

<lb/>of the carrier in velocity. </s><s>And it is a vanity, that of &longs;ome, who 

<lb/>&longs;ay that a hor&longs;eman is able to ca&longs;t a javelin thorow the air, that 

<lb/>way which the hor&longs;e runs, and with the hor&longs;e to follow and over&shy;

<lb/>take the &longs;ame; and la&longs;tly, to catch it again. </s><s>It is, I &longs;ay, a vanity, 

<lb/>for that to make the project return into the hand, it is requi&longs;ite to 

<lb/>ca&longs;t it upwards, in the &longs;ame manner as if you &longs;tood &longs;till. </s><s>For, let 

<lb/>the carrier be never &longs;o &longs;wift, provided it be uniform, and the pro&shy;

<lb/>ject not over-light, it &longs;hall always fall back again into the hand of 

<lb/>the projicient, though never &longs;o high thrown.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>By this Doctrine I come to know &longs;ome Problems very 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg324"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>curious upon this &longs;ubject of projections; the fir&longs;t of which mu&longs;t 

<lb/>&longs;eem very &longs;trange to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/> And the Problem is this; I af&shy;

<lb/>firm it to be po&longs;&longs;ible, that the ball being barely dropt or let fall, 

<lb/>by one that any way runneth very &longs;wiftly, being arrived at the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/146.jpg" pagenum="138"/>Earth, doth not onely follow the cour&longs;e of that per&longs;on, but doth 

<lb/>much out go him. </s><s>Which Problem is connexed with this, that 

<lb/>the moveable being thrown by the projicient above the plane of 

<lb/>the Horizon, may acquire new velocity, greater by far than that 

<lb/>confer'd upon it by the projicient. </s><s>The which effect I have with 

<lb/>admiration ob&longs;erved, in looking upon tho&longs;e who u&longs;e the &longs;port of 

<lb/>tops, which, &longs;o &longs;oon as they are &longs;et out of the hand, are &longs;een to 

<lb/>move in the air with a certain velocity, the which they afterwards 

<lb/>much encrea&longs;e at their coming to the ground; and if whipping 

<lb/>them, they rub at any uneven place that makes them skip on high, 

<lb/>they are &longs;een to move very &longs;lowly through the air, and falling a&shy;

<lb/>gain to the Earth, they &longs;till come to move with a greater velocity: 

<lb/>But that which is yet more &longs;trange, I have farther ob&longs;erved, that 

<lb/>they not onely turn always more &longs;wiftly on the ground, than in 

<lb/>the air, but of two &longs;paces both upon the Earth, &longs;ometimes a mo&shy;

<lb/>tion in the &longs;econd &longs;pace is more &longs;wift than in the fir&longs;t. </s><s>Now what 

<lb/>would <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ay to this?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg324"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Sundry curious 

<lb/>Problems, touch&shy;

<lb/>ing the motions of 

<lb/>projects.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>He would &longs;ay in the fir&longs;t place, that he had never made 

<lb/>&longs;uch an ob&longs;ervation. </s><s>Secondly, he would &longs;ay, that he did not be&shy;

<lb/>lieve the &longs;ame. </s><s>He would &longs;ay again, in the third place, that if 

<lb/>you could a&longs;&longs;ure him thereof, and demon&longs;tratively convince him of 

<lb/>the &longs;ame, he would account you a great D&aelig;mon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I hope then that it is one of the Socratick, not infernal 

<lb/>ones. </s><s>But that I may make you under&longs;tand this particular, you 

<lb/>mu&longs;t know, that if a per&longs;on apprehend not a truth of him&longs;elf, it 

<lb/>is impo&longs;&longs;ible that others &longs;hould make him under&longs;tand it: I may in&shy;

<lb/>deed in&longs;truct you in tho&longs;e things which are neither true nor fal&longs;e; 

<lb/>but the true, that is, the nece&longs;&longs;ary, namely, &longs;uch as it is impo&longs;&longs;ible 

<lb/>&longs;hould be otherwi&longs;e, every common capacity either comprehendeth 

<lb/>them of him&longs;elf, or el&longs;e it is impo&longs;&longs;ible he &longs;hould ever know them. 

<lb/></s><s>And of this opinion I am confident is <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> al&longs;o: and there&shy;

<lb/>fore I tell you, that the rea&longs;ons of the pre&longs;ent Problems are known 

<lb/>by you, but it may be, not apprehended.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Let us, for the pre&longs;ent, pa&longs;s by that controver&longs;ie, and 

<lb/>permit me to plead ignorance of the&longs;e things you &longs;peak of, and try 

<lb/>whether you can make me capable of under&longs;tanding the&longs;e Pro&shy;

<lb/>blems.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This fir&longs;t dependeth upon another, which is, Whence 

<lb/>cometh it, that &longs;etting a top with the la&longs;h, it runneth farther, and 

<lb/>con&longs;equently with greater force, than when its &longs;et with the fin&shy;

<lb/>gers?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> al&longs;o makes certain Problems about the&longs;e kinds 

<lb/>of projects.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>He doth &longs;o; and very ingenious they are: particular&shy;

<lb/>ly, That, Whence it cometh to pa&longs;s that round tops run better than 

<lb/>the &longs;quare?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/147.jpg" pagenum="139"/><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And cannot you, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> give a rea&longs;on for this, 

<lb/>without others prompting you?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Very good, I can &longs;o; but leave your jeering.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>In like manner you do know the rea&longs;on of this other 

<lb/>al&longs;o. </s><s>Tell me therefore; know you that a thing which moveth, 

<lb/>being impeded &longs;tands &longs;till?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I know it doth, if the impediment be &longs;o great as to 

<lb/>&longs;uffice.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Do you know, that moving upon the Earth is a greater 

<lb/>impediment to the moveable, than moving in the air, the Earth be&shy;

<lb/>ing rough and hard, and the air &longs;oft and yielding?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>And knowing this, I know that the top will turn fa&longs;ter 

<lb/>in the air, than on the ground, &longs;o that my knowledg is quite con&shy;

<lb/>trary to what you think it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Fair and &longs;oftly, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/> You know that in the 

<lb/>parts of a moveable, that turneth about its centre, there are found 

<lb/>motions towards all &longs;ides; &longs;o that &longs;ome a&longs;cend, others de&longs;cend; 

<lb/>&longs;ome go forwards, others backwards?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I know it, and <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/> taught me the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And with what demon&longs;tration, I pray you?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>With that of &longs;en&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> then, hath made you &longs;ee that which without 

<lb/>him you would not have &longs;een? </s><s>Did he ever lend you his eyes? 

<lb/></s><s>You would &longs;ay, that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hath told, adverti&longs;ed, remembered 

<lb/>you of the &longs;ame; and not taught you it. </s><s>When then a top, with&shy;

<lb/>out changing place, turns round, (or in the childrens phra&longs;e, &longs;leep&shy;

<lb/>eth) not paralel, but erect to the Horizon, &longs;ome of its parts a&longs;cend, 

<lb/>and the oppo&longs;ite de&longs;cend; the &longs;uperiour go one way, the infe&shy;

<lb/>riour another. </s><s>Fancie now to your &longs;elf, a top, that without chan&shy;

<lb/>ging place, &longs;wiftly turns round in that manner, and &longs;tands &longs;u&longs;pen&shy;

<lb/>ded in the air, and that in that manner turning, it be let fall to the 

<lb/>Earth perpendicularly, do you believe, that when it is arrived at 

<lb/>the ground, it will continue to turn round in the &longs;ame manner, 

<lb/>without changing place, as before?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. No, Sir.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>What will it do then?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It will run along the ground very fa&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And towards what part?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Towards that, whither its ^{*}reeling carrieth it.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg325"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg325"></margin.target>* Vertigine.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>In its reeling there are parts, that is the uppermo&longs;t, which 

<lb/>do move contrary to the inferiour; therefore you mu&longs;t in&longs;tance 

<lb/>which it &longs;hall obey: for as to the parts a&longs;cending and de&longs;cending, 

<lb/>the one kind will not yield to the other; nor will they all go 

<lb/>downwards, being hindered by the Earth, nor upwards as being 

<lb/>heavy.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/148.jpg" pagenum="140"/><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The top will run reeling along the floor towards that 

<lb/>part whither its upper parts encline it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And why not whither the contrary parts tend, namely, 

<lb/>tho&longs;e which touch the ground?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Becau&longs;e tho&longs;e upon the ground happen to be impeded 

<lb/>by the roughne&longs;s of the touch, that is, by the floors unevenne&longs;s; 

<lb/>but the &longs;uperiour, which are in the tenuous and flexible air, are 

<lb/>hindred very little, if at all; and therefore the top will obey their 

<lb/>inclination.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>So that that taction, if I may &longs;o &longs;ay, of the neither 

<lb/>parts on the floor, is the cau&longs;e that they &longs;tay, and onely the upper 

<lb/>parts &longs;pring the top forward.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And therefore, if the top &longs;hould fall upon the ice, or 

<lb/>other very &longs;mooth &longs;uperficies, it would not &longs;o well run forward, but 

<lb/>might peradventure continue to revolve in it &longs;elf, (or &longs;leep) with&shy;

<lb/>out acquiring any progre&longs;&longs;ive motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It is an ea&longs;ie thing for it &longs;o to do; but yet neverthe&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;s, it would not &longs;o &longs;peedily come to &longs;leep, as when it falleth on 

<lb/>a &longs;uperficies &longs;omewhat rugged. </s><s>But tell me, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> when 

<lb/>the top turning round about it &longs;elf, in that manner, is let fall, why 

<lb/>doth it not move forwards in the air, as it doth afterwards when it 

<lb/>is upon the ground?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Becau&longs;e having air above it, and beneath, neither tho&longs;e 

<lb/>parts, nor the&longs;e have any where to touch, and not having more oc&shy;

<lb/>ca&longs;ion to go forward than backward, it falls perpendicularly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>So then the onely reeling about its &longs;elf, without other 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"/> can drive the top forward, being arrived at the ground, 

<lb/>very nimbly. </s><s>Now proceed we to what remains. </s><s>That la&longs;h, 

<lb/>which the driver tyeth to his Top-&longs;tick, and with which, winding 

<lb/>it about the top, he &longs;ets it (<emph type="italics"/>i. </s><s>e.<emph.end type="italics"/> makes it go) what effect hath it on 

<lb/>the &longs;aid top?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It con&longs;trains it to turn round upon its toe, that &longs;o it may 

<lb/>free it &longs;elf from the Top-la&longs;h.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>So then, when the top arriveth at the ground, it cometh 

<lb/>all the way turning about its &longs;elf, by means of the la&longs;h. </s><s>Hath it 

<lb/>not rea&longs;on then to move in it &longs;elf more &longs;wiftly upon the ground, 

<lb/>than it did whil&longs;t it was in the air?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Yes doubtle&longs;s; for in the air it had no other impul&longs;e 

<lb/>than that of the arm of the projicient; and if it had al&longs;o the reel&shy;

<lb/>ing, this (as hath been &longs;aid) in the air drives it not forward at all: 

<lb/>but arriving at the floor, to the motion of the arm is added the 

<lb/>progre&longs;&longs;ion of the reeling, whereby the velocity is redoubled. </s><s>And 

<lb/>I know already very well, that the top skipping from the ground, 

<lb/>its velocity will demini&longs;h, becau&longs;e the help of its circulation is 

<lb/>wanting; and returning to the Earth will get it again, and by that 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/149.jpg" pagenum="141"/>means move again fa&longs;ter, than in the air. </s><s>It onely re&longs;ts for me to 

<lb/>under&longs;tand, whether in this &longs;econd motion on the Earth it move 

<lb/>more &longs;wiftly, than in the fir&longs;t; for then it would move <emph type="italics"/>in infini&shy;

<lb/>tum,<emph.end type="italics"/> alwayes accelerating.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I did not ab&longs;olutely affirm, that this &longs;econd motion is 

<lb/>more &longs;wift than the fir&longs;t; but that it may happen &longs;o to be &longs;ome&shy;

<lb/>times.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This is that, which I apprehend not, and which I 

<lb/>de&longs;ire to know.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And this al&longs;o you know of your &longs;elf. </s><s>Therefore tell 

<lb/>me: When you let the top fall out of your hand, without ma&shy;

<lb/>king it turn round (<emph type="italics"/>i. </s><s>e.<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;etting it) what will it do at its coming to 

<lb/>the ground?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. Nothing, but there lie &longs;till.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>May it not chance, that in its fall to the ground it may 

<lb/>acquire a motion? </s><s>Think better on it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Unle&longs;&longs;e we let it fall upon &longs;ome inclining &longs;tone, as 

<lb/>children do playing at ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Chio&longs;a,<emph.end type="italics"/> and that falling &longs;ide-wayes upon </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg326"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the &longs;ame, it do acquire the motion of turning round upon its toe, 

<lb/>wherewith it afterwards continueth to move progre&longs;&longs;ively on the 

<lb/>floor, I know not in what other manner it can do any thing but 

<lb/>lie &longs;till where it falleth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg326"></margin.target>* A Game in <emph type="italics"/>Italy,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>which is, to glide 

<lb/>bullets down an 

<lb/>inclining &longs;tone, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You &longs;ee then that in &longs;ome ca&longs;e it may acquire a new 

<lb/>revolution. </s><s>When then the top jerked up from the ground, falleth 

<lb/>down again, why may it not ca&longs;ually hit upon the declivity of 

<lb/>&longs;ome &longs;tone fixed in the floor, and that hath an inclination that 

<lb/>way towards which it moveth, and acquiring by that &longs;lip a new 

<lb/>whirle over and above that conferred by the la&longs;h, why may it 

<lb/>not redouble its motion, and make it &longs;wifter than it was at its 

<lb/>fir&longs;t lighting upon the ground?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Now I &longs;ee that the &longs;ame may ea&longs;ily happen. </s><s>And I 

<lb/>am thinking that if the top &longs;hould turn the contrary way, in ar&shy;

<lb/>riving at the ground, it would work a contrary effect, that is, 

<lb/>the motion of the accidental whirl would retard that of the pro&shy;

<lb/>jicient.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And it would &longs;ometimes wholly retard and &longs;top it, in 

<lb/>ca&longs;e the revolution of the top were very &longs;wift. </s><s>And from hence a&shy;

<lb/>ri&longs;eth the re&longs;olution of that &longs;light, which the more skilful Tennis 

<lb/>Players u&longs;e to their advantage; that is, to gull their adver&longs;ary by 

<lb/>cutting (for &longs;o is their Phra&longs;e) the Ball; which is, to return it 

<lb/>with a &longs;ide Rachet, in &longs;uch a manner, that it doth thereby ac&shy;

<lb/>quire a motion by it &longs;elf contrary to the projected motion, and &longs;o 

<lb/>by that means, at its coming to the ground, the rebound, which 

<lb/>if the ball did not turn in that manner, would be towards the 

<lb/>adver&longs;ary, giving him the u&longs;ual time to to&longs;&longs;e it back again, doth 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/150.jpg" pagenum="142"/>fail, and the ball runs tripping along the ground, or rebounds le&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>than u&longs;ual, and breaketh the time of the return. </s><s>Hence it is 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg327"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that you &longs;ee, tho&longs;e who play at ^{*} Stool-ball, when they play in 

<lb/>a &longs;tony way, or a place full of. </s><s>holes and rubs that make the ball 

<lb/>trip an hundred &longs;everal wayes, never &longs;uffering it to come neer the 

<lb/>mark, to avoid them all, they do not trundle the ball upon the 

<lb/>ground, but throw it, as if they were to pitch a quait. </s><s>But be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e in throwing the ball, it i&longs;&longs;ueth out of the hand with &longs;ome 

<lb/>roling conferred by the fingers, when ever the hand is under the 

<lb/>ball, as it is mo&longs;t commonly held; whereupon the ball in its lighting 

<lb/>on the ground neer to the mark, between the motion of the pro&shy;

<lb/>jicient and that of the roling, would run a great way from the 

<lb/>&longs;ame: To make the ball &longs;tay, they hold it artificially, with their 

<lb/>hand uppermo&longs;t, and it undermo&longs;t, which in its delivery hath 

<lb/>a contrary twirl or roling conferred upon it by the fingers, by 

<lb/>means whereof in its coming to the ground neer the mark it &longs;tays 

<lb/>there, or runs very very little forwards. </s><s>But to return to our 

<lb/>principal problem which gave occa&longs;ion for &longs;tarting the&longs;e others; I 

<lb/>&longs;ay it is po&longs;&longs;ible that a per&longs;on carried very &longs;wiftly, may let a ball 

<lb/>drop out of his hand, that being come to the Earth, &longs;hall not 

<lb/>onely follow his motion, but al&longs;o out-go it, moving with a great&shy;

<lb/>er velocity. </s><s>And to &longs;ee &longs;uch an effect, I de&longs;ire that the cour&longs;e 

<lb/>may be that of a Chariot, to which on the out-&longs;ide let a decli&shy;

<lb/>ning board be fa&longs;tened; &longs;o as that the neither part may be towards 

<lb/>the hor&longs;es, and the upper towards the hind Wheel. </s><s>Now, if in 

<lb/>the Chariots full career, a man within it, let a ball fall gliding a&shy;

<lb/>long the declivity of that board, it &longs;hall in roling downward ac&shy;

<lb/>quire a particular <emph type="italics"/>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> or turning, the which added to the 

<lb/>motion impre&longs;&longs;ed by the Chariot, will carrie the ball along the 

<lb/>ground much fa&longs;ter than the Chariot. </s><s>And if one accommodate 

<lb/>another declining board over again&longs;t it, the motion of the Cha&shy;

<lb/>riot may be qualified &longs;o, that the ball, gliding downwards along 

<lb/>the board, in its coming to the ground &longs;hall re&longs;t immoveable, 

<lb/>and al&longs;o &longs;hall &longs;ometimes run the contrary way to the Chariot. </s><s>But 

<lb/>we are &longs;trayed too far from the purpo&longs;e, therefore if <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>be &longs;atisfied with the re&longs;olution of the fir&longs;t argnment again&longs;t the 

<lb/>Earths mobility, taken from things falling perpendicularly, we 

<lb/>may pa&longs;&longs;e to the re&longs;t</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg327"></margin.target>*A Game in <emph type="italics"/>Italy,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>wherein they &longs;trive 

<lb/>who &longs;hall trundle 

<lb/>or throw a wooden 

<lb/>bowle neere&longs;t to an 

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;igned mark.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The digre&longs;&longs;ions made hitherto, are not &longs;o alienated 

<lb/>from the matter in hand, as that one can &longs;ay they are wholly 

<lb/>&longs;trangers to it. </s><s>Be&longs;ides the&longs;e argumentations depend on tho&longs;e 

<lb/>things that &longs;tart up in the fancy not of one per&longs;on, but of three, 

<lb/>that we are: And moreover we di&longs;cour&longs;e for our plea&longs;ure, nor 

<lb/>are we obliged to that &longs;trictne&longs;&longs;e of one who <emph type="italics"/>ex profe&longs;&longs;o<emph.end type="italics"/> treateth 

<lb/>methodically of an argument, with an intent to publi&longs;h the &longs;ame. 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/151.jpg" pagenum="143"/>I will not con&longs;ent that our Poem &longs;hould be &longs;o confined to that 

<lb/>unity, as not to leave us fields open for Ep&longs;ody's, which every 

<lb/>&longs;mall connection &longs;hould &longs;uffice to introduce; but with almo&longs;t as 

<lb/>much liberry as if we were met to tell &longs;tories, it &longs;hall be lawful 

<lb/>for me to &longs;peak, what ever your di&longs;cour&longs;e brings into my mind.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I like this motion very well; and &longs;ince we are at this 

<lb/>liberty, let me take leave, before we pa&longs;&longs;e any farther to ask of 

<lb/>you <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> whether you did ever con&longs;ider what that line may 

<lb/>be that is de&longs;cribed by the grave moveable naturally falling down 

<lb/>from the top of a Tower; and if you have reflected on it, be 

<lb/>plea&longs;ed to tell me what you think thereof.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have &longs;ometimes con&longs;idered of it, and make no que&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tion, that if one could be certain of the nature of that motion 

<lb/>wherewith the grave body de&longs;cendeth to approach the centre of 

<lb/>the Terre&longs;trial Globe, mixing it &longs;elf afterwards with the common 

<lb/>circular motion of the diurnal conver&longs;ion; it might be exactly 

<lb/>found what kind of line that is, that the centre of gravity of the 

<lb/>moveable de&longs;cribeth in tho&longs;e two motions.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Touching the &longs;imple motion towards the centre de&shy;

<lb/>pendent on the gravity, I think that one may confidently, with&shy;

<lb/>out error, believe that it is by a right line, as it would be, were 

<lb/>the Earth immoveable.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>As to this particular, we may not onely believe it, but 

<lb/>experience rendereth us certain of the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But how doth experience a&longs;&longs;ure us thereof, if we ne&shy;

<lb/>ver &longs;ee any motions but &longs;uch as are compo&longs;ed of the two, circular 

<lb/>and de&longs;cending.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Nay rather <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/> we onely &longs;ee the &longs;imple motion of 

<lb/>de&longs;cent; &longs;ince that other circular one common to the Earth, the 

<lb/>Tower and our &longs;elves remains imperceptible, and as if it never 

<lb/>were, and there remaineth perceptible to us that of the &longs;tone, one&shy;

<lb/>ly not participated by us, and for this, &longs;en&longs;e demon&longs;trateth that 

<lb/>it is by a right line, ever parallel to the &longs;aid Tower, which is 

<lb/>built upright and perpendicular upon the Terre&longs;trial &longs;urface.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You are in the right; and this was but too plainly de&shy;

<lb/>mon&longs;trated to me even now, &longs;eeing that I could not remember &longs;o 

<lb/>ea&longs;ie a thing; but this being &longs;o manife&longs;t, what more is it that you 

<lb/>&longs;ay you de&longs;ire, for under&longs;tanding the nature of this motion 

<lb/>downwards?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It &longs;ufficeth not to know that it is &longs;treight, but its requi&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ite to know whether it be uniform, or irregular; that is, whe&shy;

<lb/>ther it maintain alwayes one and the &longs;ame velocity, or el&longs;e goeth 

<lb/>retarding or accelerating.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It is already clear, that it goeth continually accelle&shy;

<lb/>rating.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/152.jpg" pagenum="144"/><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Neither doth this &longs;uffice, but its requi&longs;ite to know ac&shy;

<lb/>cording to what proportion &longs;uch accelleration is made; a Pro&shy;

<lb/>blem, that I believe was never hitherto under&longs;tood by any Phi&shy;

<lb/>lo&longs;opher or Mathematician; although Philo&longs;ophers, and particu&shy;

<lb/>larly the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks,<emph.end type="italics"/> have writ great and entire Volumes, 

<lb/>touching motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Philo&longs;ophers principally bu&longs;ie them&longs;elves about univer&shy;

<lb/>&longs;als; they find the definitions and more common &longs;ymptomes, o&shy;

<lb/>mitting certain &longs;ubtilties and niceties, which are rather curio&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ities to the Mathematicians. </s><s>And <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/> did content him&longs;elf 

<lb/>to de&longs;ine excellently what motion was in general; and of the lo&shy;

<lb/>cal, to &longs;hew the principal qualities, to wit, that one is natural, 

<lb/>another violent; one is &longs;imple, another compound; one is 

<lb/>equal, another accellerate; and concerning the accelerate, con&shy;

<lb/>tents him&longs;elf to give the rea&longs;on of acceleration, remitting the 

<lb/>finding out of the proportion of &longs;uch acceleration, and other 

<lb/>particular accidents to the Mechanitian, or other inferiour 

<lb/>Arti&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Very well <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/> But you <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> when you 

<lb/>de&longs;cend &longs;ometimes from the Throne of <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Maje&longs;ty, 

<lb/>have you ever thrown away any of your hours in &longs;tudying to find 

<lb/>this proportion of the acceleration of the motion of de&longs;cending 

<lb/>grave bodies?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>There was no need that I &longs;hould &longs;tudy for it, in regard 

<lb/>that the Academick our common friend, heretofore &longs;hewed me a 

<lb/>Treati&longs;e of his ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>De Motu,<emph.end type="italics"/> where this, and many other acci&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg328"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>dents were demon&longs;trated. </s><s>But it would be too great a digre&longs;&longs;ion, 

<lb/>if for this particular, we &longs;hould interrupt our pre&longs;ent di&longs;cour&longs;e, 

<lb/>(which yet it &longs;elf is al&longs;o no better than a digre&longs;&longs;ion) and make as 

<lb/>the Saying is, a Comedy within a Comedy.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg328"></margin.target>This is that ex&shy;

<lb/>cellent tract which 

<lb/>we give the fir&longs;t 

<lb/>place in our &longs;econd 

<lb/>Volume.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am content to excu&longs;e you from this narration for the 

<lb/>pre&longs;ent, provided that this may be one of the Propo&longs;itions re&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>ved to be examined among&longs;t the re&longs;t in another particular meeting, 

<lb/>for that the knowledg thereof is by me very much de&longs;ired; and 

<lb/>in the mean time let us return to the line de&longs;cribed by the grave 

<lb/>body in its fall from the top of the Tower to its ba&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If the right motion towards the centre of the Earth was 

<lb/>uniforme, the circular towards the Ea&longs;t being al&longs;o uniforme, you 

<lb/>would &longs;ee compo&longs;ed of them both a motion by a &longs;piral line, of 

<lb/>that kind with tho&longs;e defined by <emph type="italics"/>Archimedes<emph.end type="italics"/> in his Book <emph type="italics"/>Dc Spira&shy;

<lb/>libus<emph.end type="italics"/>; which are, when a point moveth uniformly upon a right 

<lb/>line, while&longs;t that line in the mean time turneth uniformly about 

<lb/>one of its extreme points fixed, as the centre of his gyration. 

<lb/></s><s>But becau&longs;e the right motion of grave bodies falling, is continu&shy;

<lb/>ally accelerated, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that the line re&longs;ulting of the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/153.jpg" pagenum="145"/>compo&longs;ition of the two motions do go alwayes receding with 

<lb/>greater and greater proportion from the circumference of that cir&shy;

<lb/>cle, which the centre of the &longs;tones gravity would have de&longs;igned, 

<lb/>if it had alwayes &longs;taid upon the Tower; it followeth of nece&longs;&longs;ity 

<lb/>that this rece&longs;&longs;ion at the fir&longs;t be but little, yea very &longs;inall, yea, 

<lb/>more, as &longs;mall as can be imagined, &longs;eeing that the de&longs;cending 

<lb/>grave body departing from re&longs;t, that is, from the privation of 

<lb/>motion, towards the bottom and entring into the right motion 

<lb/>downwards, it mu&longs;t needs pa&longs;&longs;e through all the degrees of tardi&shy;

<lb/>ty, that are betwixt re&longs;t, and any a&longs;&longs;igned velocity; the which 

<lb/>degrees are infinite; as already hath been at large di&longs;cour&longs;ed and 

<lb/>proved.</s></p><p type="main"><s>It being &longs;uppo&longs;ed therefore, that the progre&longs;&longs;e of the accele&shy;

<lb/>ration being after this manner, and it being moreover true, that 

<lb/>the de&longs;cending grave body goeth to terminate in the centre of the 

<lb/>Earth, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that the line of its mixt motion be &longs;uch, that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg329"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>it go continually receding with greater and greater proportion 

<lb/>from the top of the Tower, or to &longs;peak more properly, from 

<lb/>the circumference of the circle de&longs;cribed by the top of the Tower, 

<lb/>by means of the Earths conver&longs;ion; but that &longs;uch rece&longs;&longs;ions be 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;er and le&longs;&longs;er <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum<emph.end type="italics"/>; by how much the moveable finds it 

<lb/>&longs;elf to be le&longs;&longs;e and le&longs;&longs;e removed from the fir&longs;t term where it 

<lb/>re&longs;ted. </s><s>Moreover it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that this line of the compound&shy;

<lb/>ed motion do go to terminate in the centre of the Earth. </s><s>Now 

<lb/>having pre&longs;uppo&longs;ed the&longs;e two things, I come to de&longs;cribe about 

<lb/>the centre A [<emph type="italics"/>in Fig. </s><s>1. of this &longs;econd Dialogue<emph.end type="italics"/>;] with the &longs;emi&shy;

<lb/>diameter A B, the circle B I, repre&longs;enting to me the Terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe, and prolonging the &longs;emidiameter A B to C, I have de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cribed the height of the Tower B C; the which being carried 

<lb/>about by the Earth along the circumference B I, de&longs;cribeth with 

<lb/>its top the arch C D: Dividing, in the next place, the line C A 

<lb/>in the middle at E; upon the centre E, at the di&longs;tance E C, I de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cribe the &longs;emicircle C I A: In which, I now affirm, that it is very 

<lb/>probable that a &longs;tone falling from the top of the Tower C, doth 

<lb/>move, with a motion mixt of the circular, which is in common, 

<lb/>and of its peculiar right motion. </s><s>If therefore in the circumference 

<lb/>C D, certain equal parts C F, F G, G H, H L, be marked, and 

<lb/>from the points F, G, H, L, right lines be drawn towards the 

<lb/>centre A, the parts of them intercepted between the two cir&shy;

<lb/>cumferences C D and B I, &longs;hall repre&longs;ent unto us the &longs;ame 

<lb/>Tower C B, tran&longs;ported by the Terre&longs;trial Globe towards D I; 

<lb/>in which lines the points where they come to be inter&longs;ected by the 

<lb/>arch of the &longs;emicircle C I, are the places by whichfrom time to 

<lb/>time the falling &longs;tone doth pa&longs;&longs;e; which points go continually 

<lb/>with greater and greater proportion receding from the top of the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/154.jpg" pagenum="146"/>Tower. </s><s>And this is the cau&longs;e why the right motion made along 

<lb/>the &longs;ide of the Tower appeareth to us more and more accelerate. 

<lb/></s><s>It appeareth al&longs;o, how by rea&longs;on of the infinite acutene&longs;&longs;e of 

<lb/>the contact of tho&longs;e two circles D C, C I, the rece&longs;&longs;ion of the 

<lb/>cadent moveable from the circumference C F D; namely, from 

<lb/>the top of the Tower, is towards the beginning extream &longs;mall, 

<lb/>which is as much as if one &longs;aid its motion downwards is very &longs;low, 

<lb/>and more and more &longs;low <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"/> according to its vicinity to 

<lb/>the term C, that is to the &longs;tate of re&longs;t. </s><s>And la&longs;tly it is &longs;een how 

<lb/>in the end this &longs;ame motion goeth to terminate in the centre of the 

<lb/>Earth A.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg329"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The line de&longs;cri&shy;

<lb/>bed by a moveable 

<lb/>in its natural de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cent, the motion 

<lb/>of the Earth a&shy;

<lb/>bout its own centre 

<lb/>being pre&longs;uppo&longs;ed, 

<lb/>would probably be 

<lb/>the circumference 

<lb/>of a circle.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I under&longs;tand all this very well, nor can I per&longs;wade my 

<lb/>&longs;elf that the falling moveable doth de&longs;cribe with the centre of its 

<lb/>gravity any other line, but &longs;uch an one as this.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But &longs;tay a little <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> for I am to acquaint you 

<lb/>al&longs;o with three Ob&longs;ervations of mine, that its po&longs;&longs;ible will not di&longs;&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg330"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>plea&longs;e you. </s><s>The fir&longs;t of which is, that if we do well con&longs;ider, the 

<lb/>moveable moveth not really with any more than onely one motion 

<lb/>&longs;imply circular, as when being placed upon the Tower, it moved 

<lb/>with one &longs;ingle and circular motion. </s><s>The &longs;econd is yet more plea&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg331"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;ant; for, it moveth neither more nor le&longs;&longs;e then if it had &longs;taid con&shy;

<lb/>tinually upon the Tower, being that to the arches C F, F G, G H, 

<lb/>&amp;c. </s><s>that it would have pa&longs;&longs;ed continuing alwayes upon the Tower, 

<lb/>the arches of the circumference C I are exactly equal, an&longs;wering 

<lb/>under the &longs;ame C F, F G, G H, &amp;c. </s><s>Whence followeth the third 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg332"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>wonder, That the true and real motion of the &longs;tone is never acce&shy;

<lb/>lerated, but alwayes even and uniforme, &longs;ince that all the equal ar&shy;

<lb/>ches noted in the circumference C D, and their re&longs;pondent ones 

<lb/>marked in the circumference C I, are pa&longs;t in equal times; &longs;o that 

<lb/>we are left at liberty to &longs;eek new cau&longs;es of acceleration, or of o&shy;

<lb/>ther motions, &longs;eeing that the moveable, as well &longs;tanding upon the 

<lb/>Tower, as de&longs;cending thence, alwayes moveth in the &longs;ame fa&longs;hion, 

<lb/>that is, circularly, with the &longs;ame velocity, and with the &longs;ame uni&shy;

<lb/>formity. </s><s>Now tell me what you think of this my fanta&longs;tical con&shy;

<lb/>jecture.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg330"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A moveable fal&shy;

<lb/>ting from the top of 

<lb/>the Tower, moveth 

<lb/>in the circumfe&shy;

<lb/>rence of a circle.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg331"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It moveth neither 

<lb/>more nor le&longs;&longs;e, than 

<lb/>if it had &longs;taid al&shy;

<lb/>wayes there.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg332"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It moveth with 

<lb/>an uniform, not 

<lb/>an accelerate mo&shy;

<lb/>tion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I mu&longs;t tell you, that I cannot with words &longs;ufficiently 

<lb/>expre&longs;&longs;e how admirable it &longs;eemeth to me; and for what at pre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ent offereth it &longs;elf to my under&longs;tanding, I cannot think that the 

<lb/>bu&longs;ine&longs;s happeneth otherwi&longs;e; and would to God that all the 

<lb/>demon&longs;trations of Philo&longs;ophers were but half &longs;o probable as this. 

<lb/></s><s>However for my perfect &longs;atisfaction I would gladly hear how you 

<lb/>prove tho&longs;e arches to be equal.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The demon&longs;tration is mo&longs;t ea&longs;ie. </s><s>Suppo&longs;e to your &longs;elf 

<lb/>a line drawn from I to E. </s><s>And the Semidiameter of the circle CD, 

<lb/>that is, the line C A, being double the Semidiameter C E of the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/155.jpg" pagenum="147"/>circle C I, the circumference &longs;hall be double to the circumference, 

<lb/>and every arch of the greater circle double to every like arch of 

<lb/>the le&longs;&longs;er; and con&longs;equently, the half of the arch of the greater 

<lb/>circle, equal to the whole arch of the le&longs;&longs;e. </s><s>And becau&longs;e the an&shy;

<lb/>gle C E I made in the centre E of the le&longs;&longs;er circle, and which in&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>&longs;teth upon the arch C I, is double the angle C A D, made in the 

<lb/>centre A of the greater circle, to which the arch C D &longs;ubtendeth; 

<lb/>therefore the arch C D is half of the arch of the greater circle like 

<lb/>to the arch C I, and therefore the two arches C D and C I are e&shy;

<lb/>qual; and in the &longs;ame manner we may demon&longs;trate of all their 

<lb/>parts. </s><s>But that the bu&longs;ine&longs;s, as to the motion of de&longs;cending grave 

<lb/>bodies, proceedeth exactly thus, I will not at this time affirm; but 

<lb/>this I will &longs;ay, that if the line de&longs;cribed by the cadent moveable 

<lb/>be not exactly the &longs;ame with this, it doth extream neerly re&longs;emble 

<lb/>the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But I, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> am ju&longs;t now con&longs;idering another par&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg333"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ticular very admirable; and this it is; That admitting the&longs;e con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;iderations, the right motion doth go wholly ^{*} mounting, and that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg334"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Nature never makes u&longs;e thereof, &longs;ince that, even that that u&longs;e, 

<lb/>which was from the beginning granted to it, which was of redu&shy;

<lb/>cing the parts of integral bodies to their place, when they were 

<lb/>&longs;eparated from their whole, and therefore con&longs;tituted in a depra&shy;

<lb/>ved di&longs;po&longs;ition, is taken from it, and a&longs;&longs;igned to the circular 

<lb/>motion.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg333"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Right motion 

<lb/>&longs;eemeth wholly ex&shy;

<lb/>cluded in nature.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg334"></margin.target>* Vadia del tutto a 

<lb/>monte, <emph type="italics"/>rendered in 

<lb/>the Latixe<emph.end type="italics"/> omni&shy;

<lb/>no pe&longs;&longs;um eat.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This would nece&longs;&longs;arily follow, if it were concluded 

<lb/>that the Terre&longs;trial Globe moveth circularly; a thing, which I 

<lb/>pretend not to be done, but have onely hitherto attempted, as I 

<lb/>&longs;hall &longs;till, to examine the &longs;trength of tho&longs;e rea&longs;ons, which have 

<lb/>been alledged by Philo&longs;ophers to prove the immobility of the 

<lb/>Earth, of which this fir&longs;t taken from things falling perpendicu&shy;

<lb/>larly, hath begat the doubts, that have been mentioned; which 

<lb/>I know not of what force they may have &longs;eemed to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/>; 

<lb/>and therefore before I pa&longs;&longs;e to the examination of the remaining 

<lb/>arguments, it would be convenient that he produce what he hath 

<lb/>to reply to the contrary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>As to this fir&longs;t, I confe&longs;&longs;e indeed that I have heard 

<lb/>&longs;undry pretty notions, which I never thought upon before, and 

<lb/>in regard they are new unto me, I cannot have an&longs;wers &longs;o ready 

<lb/>for them, but this argument taken from things falling perpendi&shy;

<lb/>cularly, I e&longs;teem it not one of the &longs;tronge&longs;t proofs of the mobi&shy;

<lb/>lity of the Earth; and I know not what may happen touching the 

<lb/>&longs;hots of great Guns, e&longs;pecially tho&longs;e aimed contrary to the diur&shy;

<lb/>nal motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The flying of the birds as much puzzleth me as the 

<lb/>objection of the Gun-&longs;hot, and all the other experiments above 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/156.jpg" pagenum="148"/>alledged. </s><s>For the&longs;e birds which at their plea&longs;ure flie for&shy;

<lb/>wards and backwards, and wind to and again in a thou&longs;and 

<lb/>fa&longs;hions, and, which more importeth, lie whole hours upon the 

<lb/>wing, the&longs;e I &longs;ay do not a little po&longs;e me, nor do I &longs;ee, how a&shy;

<lb/>mong&longs;t &longs;o many circumgyrations, they &longs;hould not lo&longs;e the motion 

<lb/>of the Earth, and how they &longs;hould be able to keep pace with 

<lb/>&longs;o great a velocity as that which they &longs;o far exceed with their flight.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>To &longs;peak the truth, your &longs;cruple is not without rea&longs;on, 

<lb/>and its po&longs;&longs;ible <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf could not find an an&longs;wer for it, 

<lb/>that was to him&longs;elf entirely &longs;atisfactory; and therefore haply pa&longs;t 

<lb/>it over in &longs;ilence albeit he was, indeed, very brief in examining 

<lb/>the other allegations of his adver&longs;aries, I believe through his 

<lb/>height of wit, placed on greater aud &longs;ublimer contemplations, 

<lb/>like as Lions are not much moved at the barking of little Dogs. 

<lb/></s><s>We will therefore re&longs;erve the in&longs;tance of birds to the la&longs;t place, 

<lb/>and for the pre&longs;ent, &longs;ee if we can give <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;atisfaction in 

<lb/>the others, by &longs;hewing him in our wonted manner, that he him&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elf hath their an&longs;wers at hand, though upon fir&longs;t thoughts he doth 

<lb/>not di&longs;cover them. </s><s>And to begin with the &longs;hots made at randome, 

<lb/>with the &longs;elf &longs;ame piece, powder, and ball, the one towards the Ea&longs;t, 

<lb/>the other towards the We&longs;t, let him tell me what it is that per&longs;wades 

<lb/>him to think that the Range towards the We&longs;t (if the diurnal con&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;ion belonged to the Earth) ought to be much longer than that 

<lb/>towards the Ea&longs;t.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg335"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg335"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The rea&longs;on why 

<lb/>a Gun &longs;hould &longs;iem 

<lb/>to carry farther to&shy;

<lb/>wards the We&longs;t 

<lb/>than towards the 

<lb/>Ea&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I am moved &longs;o to think; becau&longs;e in the &longs;hot made to&shy;

<lb/>wards the Ea&longs;t, the ball whil'&longs;t it is out of the piece, is follow&shy;

<lb/>ed by the &longs;aid piece, the which being carried round by the Earth, 

<lb/>runneth al&longs;o with much velocity towards the &longs;ame part, where&shy;

<lb/>upon the fall of the ball to the ground, cometh to be but little 

<lb/>di&longs;tant from the piece. </s><s>On the contrary in the &longs;hot towards the 

<lb/>We&longs;t, before that the ball falleth to the ground, the piece is re&shy;

<lb/>tired very far towards the Ea&longs;t, by which means the &longs;pace be&shy;

<lb/>tween the ball and the piece, that is Range, will appear longer 

<lb/>than the other, by how much the piece, that is the Earth, had 

<lb/>run in the time that both the bals were in the air.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I could wi&longs;h, that we did know &longs;ome way to make an 

<lb/>experiment corre&longs;ponding to the motion of the&longs;e projects, as that 

<lb/>of the &longs;hip doth to the motion of things perpendicularly falling 

<lb/>from on high; and I am thinking how it may be done.</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg336"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg336"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The experiment 

<lb/>of a running cha&shy;

<lb/>riot to find out the 

<lb/>difference of Ran&shy;

<lb/>ges.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I believe, that it would be a very oppo&longs;ite proof, to 

<lb/>take an open Chariot, and to accomodate therein a ^{*}Stock-bow 

<lb/>at half elevation, to the end the flight may prove the greate&longs;t </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg337"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that my be, and whil'&longs;t the hor&longs;es &longs;hall run, to &longs;hoot fir&longs;t towards 

<lb/>the part whither you drive, and then another backwards towards 

<lb/>the contrary part, cau&longs;ing &longs;ome one to mark diligently where 

<lb/>the Chariot was in that moment f time when the &longs;haft came to 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/157.jpg" pagenum="149"/>the ground, as well in the one &longs;hot as in the other: for thus you 

<lb/>may &longs;ee exactly how much one &longs;haft flew farther than the other.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg337"></margin.target>* Bale&longs;trone da bol&shy;

<lb/>zoni.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>In my thoughts this experiment is very proper: and I 

<lb/>do not doubt but that the flight, that is, the &longs;pace between the 

<lb/>&longs;haft and the place where the chariot was at the &longs;hafts fall, will be 

<lb/>le&longs;s by much when one &longs;hooteth towards the chariots cour&longs;e, than 

<lb/>when one &longs;hooteth the contrary way. </s><s>For an example, let the 

<lb/>flight of it &longs;elf be three hundred yards, and the cour&longs;e of the cha&shy;

<lb/>riot in the time whil&longs;t the &longs;haft &longs;tayeth in the air, an hundred 

<lb/>yards, therefore &longs;hooting towards the cour&longs;e, of the three hundred 

<lb/>yards of the flight, the chariot will have gone one hundred; &longs;o 

<lb/>then at the &longs;hafts coming to the ground, the &longs;pace between it and 

<lb/>the chariot, &longs;hall be but two hundred yards onely; but on the 

<lb/>contrary, in the other &longs;hoot, the chariot running contrary to the 

<lb/>&longs;haft, when the &longs;haft &longs;hall have pa&longs;&longs;ed its three hundred yards, and 

<lb/>the chariot its other hundred the contrary way, the di&longs;tance inter&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ing &longs;hall be found to be four hundred yards.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Is there any way to &longs;hoot &longs;o that the&longs;e flights may be 

<lb/>equal?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I know no other way, unle&longs;s by making the chariot to 

<lb/>&longs;tand &longs;till.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This we know; but I mean when the chariot runneth 

<lb/>in full carreer.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>In that ca&longs;e you are to draw the Bow higher in &longs;hoot&shy;

<lb/>ing forwards, and to &longs;lack it in &longs;hooting the contrary way.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then you &longs;ee that there is one way more. </s><s>But how 

<lb/>much is the bow to be drawn, and how much &longs;lackened?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>In our ca&longs;e, where we have &longs;uppo&longs;ed that the bow car&shy;

<lb/>ried three hundred yards, it would be requi&longs;ite to draw it &longs;o, as 

<lb/>that it might carry four hundred, and in the other to &longs;lacken it &longs;o, 

<lb/>as that it might carry no more than two hundred. </s><s>For &longs;o each 

<lb/>of the flights would be but three hundred in relation to the chariot, 

<lb/>the which, with its cour&longs;e of an hundred yards which it &longs;ub&longs;tracts 

<lb/>from the &longs;hoot of four hundred, and addeth to that of two hun&shy;

<lb/>dred, would reduce them both to three hundred.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But what effect hath the greater or le&longs;s inten&longs;ne&longs;s of the 

<lb/>bow upon the &longs;haft?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The &longs;tiffer bow carrieth it with greater velocity, and the 

<lb/>weaker with le&longs;s; and the &longs;ame &longs;haft flieth &longs;o much farther at one 

<lb/>time than another, with how much greater velocity it goeth out of 

<lb/>the tiller at one time, than another.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that to make the &longs;haft &longs;hot either way, to flie at e&shy;

<lb/>qual di&longs;tance from the running chariot, it is requi&longs;ite, that if in the 

<lb/>fir&longs;t &longs;hoot of the precedent example, it goeth out of the tiller with 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> four degrees of velocity, that then in the other &longs;hoot it de&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/158.jpg" pagenum="150"/>part but with two onely: but if the &longs;ame bow be u&longs;ed, it always 

<lb/>receiveth thence three degrees.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It doth &longs;o; and for this rea&longs;on, &longs;hooting with the 

<lb/>&longs;ame bow in the chariots cour&longs;e, the &longs;hoots cannot be equal.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I had forgot to ask, with what velocity it is &longs;uppo&longs;ed in 

<lb/>this particular experiment, that the chariot runneth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The velocity of the chariot mu&longs;t be &longs;uppo&longs;ed to be one 

<lb/>degree in compari&longs;on to that of the bow, which is three,</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Very right, for &longs;o computation gives it. </s><s>But tell me, 

<lb/>when the chariot moveth, doth not all things in the &longs;ame move 

<lb/>with the &longs;ame velocity?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Yes doubtle&longs;s.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then &longs;o doth the &longs;haft al&longs;o, and the bow, and the &longs;tring, 

<lb/>upon which the &longs;haft is nock't.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>They do &longs;o.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Why then, in di&longs;charging the &longs;haft towards the cour&longs;e 

<lb/>of the chariot, the bow impre&longs;&longs;eth its three degrees of velocity on 

<lb/>a &longs;haft that had one degree of velocity before, by means of the 

<lb/>chariot which tran&longs;ported it &longs;o fa&longs;t towards that part; &longs;o that in 

<lb/>its going off it hath four degrees of velocity. </s><s>On the contrary, 

<lb/>in the other &longs;hoot, the &longs;ame bow conferreth its &longs;ame three degrees 

<lb/>of velocity on a &longs;haft that moveth the contrary way, with one de&shy;

<lb/>gree; &longs;o that in its departing from the bow-&longs;tring, it hath no more 

<lb/>left but onely two degrees of velocity. </s><s>But you your &longs;elf have 

<lb/>already &longs;aid, that the way to make the &longs;hoots equal, is to cau&longs;e 

<lb/>that the &longs;haft be let flie the fir&longs;t time with four degrees of velocity, 

<lb/>and the &longs;econd time with two. </s><s>Therefore without changing the 

<lb/>bow, the very cour&longs;e of the chariot is that which adju&longs;teth the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg338"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>flights, and the experiment doth &longs;o repre&longs;ent them to any one who 

<lb/>is not either wilfully or naturally incapable of rea&longs;on. </s><s>Now 

<lb/>apply this di&longs;cour&longs;e to Gunnery, and you &longs;hall find, that whether the 

<lb/>Earth move or &longs;tand &longs;till, the &longs;hots made with the &longs;ame force, will 

<lb/>always curry equal ranges, to what part &longs;oever aimed. </s><s>The error 

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle, Ptolomey, Iycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> your &longs;elf, and all the re&longs;t, is ground&shy;

<lb/>ed upon that fixed and &longs;trong per&longs;ua&longs;ion, that the Earth &longs;tandeth 

<lb/>&longs;till, which you have not judgment nor power to depo&longs;e, no not 

<lb/>when you have a de&longs;ire to argue of that which would en&longs;ue, pre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;ing the Earth to move. </s><s>And thus, in the other argument, 

<lb/>not con&longs;idering that whil'&longs;t the &longs;tone is upon the Tower, it doth, 

<lb/>as to moving or not moving, the &longs;ame that the Terre&longs;trial Globe 

<lb/>doth, becau&longs;e you have concluded with your &longs;elf, that the Earth 

<lb/>&longs;tands &longs;till, you always di&longs;cour&longs;e touching the fall of the &longs;tone, as 

<lb/>if it were to depart from re&longs;t: whereas it behooveth to &longs;ay, that 

<lb/>if the Earth &longs;tandeth &longs;till, the &longs;tone departeth from re&longs;t, and de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cendeth perpendicularly; but if the Earth do move, the &longs;tone 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/159.jpg" pagenum="151"/>likewi&longs;e moveth with like velocity, nor doth it depart from re&longs;t, 

<lb/>but from a motion equal to that of the Earth, wherewith it inter&shy;

<lb/>mixeth the &longs;upervenient motion of de&longs;cent, and of tho&longs;e two com&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;eth a third which is tran&longs;ver&longs;al or &longs;ide-ways.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg338"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;olution of 

<lb/>the argument ta&shy;

<lb/>ken from great&shy;

<lb/>Guns &longs;hot towards 

<lb/>the East &amp; We&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But for Gods &longs;ake, if it move tran&longs;ver&longs;ly, how is it that 

<lb/>I behold it to move directly and perpendicularly? </s><s>This is no bet&shy;

<lb/>ter than the denial of manife&longs;t &longs;en&longs;e; and if we may not believe 

<lb/>&longs;en&longs;e, at what other door &longs;hall we enter into di&longs;qui&longs;itions of Philo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ophy?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In re&longs;pect to the Earth, to the Tower, and to our &longs;elves, 

<lb/>which all as one piece move with the diurnal motion together with 

<lb/>the &longs;tone, the diurnal motion is as if it never had been, and becom&shy;

<lb/>eth in&longs;en&longs;ible, imperceptible, and without any action at all; and 

<lb/>the onely motion which we can perceive, is that of which we par&shy;

<lb/>take not, that is the de&longs;cent gliding along the &longs;ide of the Tower: 

<lb/>You are not the fir&longs;t that hath felt great repugnance in apprehen&shy;

<lb/>ding this non-operating of motion upon things to which it is com&shy;

<lb/>mon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Now I do remember a certain conceipt, that came one 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg339"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>day into my fancy, whil&longs;t I &longs;ailed in my voyage to <emph type="italics"/>Aleppo,<emph.end type="italics"/> whither 

<lb/>I went Con&longs;ul for our Countrey, and po&longs;&longs;ibly it may be of &longs;ome 

<lb/>u&longs;e, for explaining this nullity of operation of common motion, 

<lb/>and being as if it never were to all the partakers thereof. </s><s>And if 

<lb/>it &longs;tand with the good liking of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> I will rea&longs;on with 

<lb/>him upon that which then I thought of by my &longs;elf alone.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg339"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A notable ca&longs;e 

<lb/>of<emph.end type="italics"/> Sagredus, <emph type="italics"/>to &longs;hew 

<lb/>the non-operating 

<lb/>of common motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The novelty of the things which I hear, makes me not 

<lb/>&longs;o much a patient, as a greedy and curious auditor: therefore go 

<lb/>on.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If the neb of a writing pen, that I carried along with 

<lb/>me in the &longs;hip, through all my navigation from <emph type="italics"/>Venice<emph.end type="italics"/> to ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Scan-<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg340"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>deron,<emph.end type="italics"/> had had a facultie of leaving vi&longs;ible marks of its whole voy&shy;

<lb/>age, what &longs;igns, what marks, what lines would it have left?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg340"></margin.target>* Ale&longs;&longs;andretta.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It would have left a line di&longs;tended from <emph type="italics"/>Venice<emph.end type="italics"/> thither, 

<lb/>not perfectly &longs;treight, or to &longs;ay better, di&longs;tended in a perfect arch 

<lb/>of a circle, but in &longs;ome places more, in &longs;ome le&longs;s curved, according 

<lb/>as the ve&longs;&longs;el had gone more or le&longs;s fluctuating; but this its infle&shy;

<lb/>cting in &longs;ome places a fathom or two to the right hand or to the 

<lb/>left, upwards or downwards, in a length of many hundred miles, 

<lb/>would have brought but little alteration to the intire tract of the 

<lb/>line, &longs;o that it would have been hardly &longs;en&longs;ible; and without any 

<lb/>con&longs;iderable error, might have been called the part of a perfect 

<lb/>arch.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>So that the true and mo&longs;t exact motion of the neb of 

<lb/>my pen would have al&longs;o been an arch of a perfect circle, if the 

<lb/>ve&longs;&longs;els motion, the fluctuation of the billows cea&longs;ing, had been 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/160.jpg" pagenum="152"/>calm and tranquill. </s><s>And if I had continually held that pen in 

<lb/>my hand, and had onely moved it &longs;ometimes an inch or two this 

<lb/>way or that way, what alteration &longs;hould I have made in that its 

<lb/>principal, and very long tract or &longs;troke?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Le&longs;s than that which the declining in &longs;everal places from 

<lb/>ab&longs;olute rectitude, but the quantity of a flea's eye makes in a right 

<lb/>line of a thou&longs;and yards long.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If a Painter, then, at our launching from the Port, had 

<lb/>began to de&longs;ign upon a paper with that pen, and continued his 

<lb/>work till he came to <emph type="italics"/>Scanderon,<emph.end type="italics"/> he would have been able to have 

<lb/>taken by its motion a perfect draught of all tho&longs;e figures perfectly 

<lb/>interwoven and &longs;hadowed on &longs;everal &longs;ides with countreys, build&shy;

<lb/>ings, living creatures, and other things; albeit all the true, real, 

<lb/>and e&longs;&longs;ential motion traced out by the neb of that pen, would 

<lb/>have been no other than a very long, but &longs;imple line: and as to 

<lb/>the proper operation of the Painter, he would have delineated the 

<lb/>&longs;ame to an hair, if the &longs;hip had &longs;tood &longs;till. </s><s>That therefore of the 

<lb/>huge long motion of the pen there doth remain no other marks, 

<lb/>than tho&longs;e tracks drawn upon the paper, the rea&longs;on thereof is be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e the grand motion from <emph type="italics"/>Venice<emph.end type="italics"/> to <emph type="italics"/>Scanderon,<emph.end type="italics"/> was common to 

<lb/>the paper, the pen, and all that which was in the &longs;hip: but the petty 

<lb/>motions forwards and backwards, to the right, to the left, com&shy;

<lb/>municated by the fingers of the Painter unto the pen, and not to 

<lb/>the paper, as being peculiar thereunto, might leave marks of it &longs;elf 

<lb/>upon the paper, which did not move with that motion. </s><s>Thus it 

<lb/>is likewi&longs;e true, that the Earth moving, the motion of the &longs;tone in 

<lb/>de&longs;cending downwards, was really a long tract of many hundreds 

<lb/>and thou&longs;ands of yards, and if it could have been able to have de&shy;

<lb/>lineated in a calm air, or other &longs;uperficies, the track of its cour&longs;e, 

<lb/>it would have left behind an huge long tran&longs;ver&longs;e line. </s><s>But that 

<lb/>part of all this motion which is common to the &longs;tone, the Tower, 

<lb/>and our &longs;elves, is imperceptible to us, and as if it had never been, 

<lb/>and that part onely remaineth ob&longs;ervable, of which neither the 

<lb/>Tower nor we are partakers, which is in fine, that wherewith the 

<lb/>&longs;tone falling mea&longs;ureth the Tower.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>A mo&longs;t witty conceipt to clear up this point, which was 

<lb/>not a little difficult to many capacities. </s><s>Now if <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> will 

<lb/>make no farther reply, we may pa&longs;s to the other experiments, the 

<lb/>unfolding of which will receive no &longs;mall facility from the things 

<lb/>already declared.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I have nothing more to &longs;ay: and I was well-nigh tran&longs;&shy;

<lb/>ported with that delineation, and with thinking how tho&longs;e &longs;trokes 

<lb/>drawn &longs;o many ways, hither, thither, upwards, downwards, for&shy;

<lb/>wards, backwards, and interwoven with thou&longs;ands of turnings, are 

<lb/>not e&longs;&longs;entially or really other, than &longs;mall pieces of one &longs;ole line 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/161.jpg" pagenum="153"/>drawn all one way, and the &longs;ame without any other alteration &longs;ave 

<lb/>the declining the direct rectitude, &longs;ometimes a very in&longs;en&longs;ible mat&shy;

<lb/>ter towards one &longs;ide or another, and the pens moving its neb one 

<lb/>while &longs;ofter, another while &longs;lower, but with very &longs;mall inequality. 

<lb/></s><s>And I think that it would in the &longs;ame manner write a letter, and 

<lb/>that tho&longs;e frollike penmen, who to &longs;hew their command of hand, 

<lb/>without taking their pen from the paper in one &longs;ole &longs;troke, with 

<lb/>infinite turnings draw a plea&longs;ant knot, if they were in a boat that 

<lb/>did tide it along &longs;wiftly they would convert the whole motion 

<lb/>of the pen, which in reality is but one &longs;ole line, drawn all towards 

<lb/>one and the &longs;ame part, and very little curved, or declining from 

<lb/>perfect rectitude, into a knot or flouri&longs;h. </s><s>And I am much plea&longs;ed 

<lb/>that <emph type="italics"/>S agredus<emph.end type="italics"/> hath helped me to this conceit: therefore let us go 

<lb/>on, for the hope of meeting with more of them, will make me the 

<lb/>&longs;tricter in my attention.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If you have a curio&longs;ity to hear &longs;uch like &longs;ubtilties, which 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg341"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>occurr not thus to every one, you will find no want of them, e&longs;pe&shy;

<lb/>cially in this particular of Navigation; and do you not think that a 

<lb/>witty conceit which I met with likewi&longs;e in the &longs;ame voyage, when I 

<lb/>ob&longs;erved that the ma&longs;t of the &longs;hip, without either breaking or bend&shy;

<lb/>ing, had made a greater voyage with its round-top, that is with its 

<lb/>top-gallant, than with its foot; for the round top being more di&longs;tant 

<lb/>from the centre of the Earth than the foot is, it had de&longs;cribed the 

<lb/>arch of a circle bigger than the circle by which the foot had pa&longs;&longs;ed.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg341"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Subtilties &longs;uffici&shy;

<lb/>ently in&longs;ipid, ironi&shy;

<lb/>cally, &longs;poken and 

<lb/>taken from a cer&shy;

<lb/>tain<emph.end type="italics"/> Encyclop&aelig;dia.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>And thus when a man walketh he goeth farther with 

<lb/>his head than with his feet.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You have found out the matter your &longs;elf by help of 

<lb/>your own mother-wit: But let us not interrupt <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It plea&longs;eth me to &longs;ee <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> how he &longs;ootheth up 

<lb/>him&longs;elf in this conceit, if happly it be his own, and that he hath not 

<lb/>borrowed it from a certain little pamphlet of conclu&longs;ions, where 

<lb/>there are a great many more &longs;uch fancies no le&longs;s plea&longs;ant &amp; witty. 

<lb/></s><s>It followeth that we &longs;peak of the peice of Ordinance mounted per&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg342"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>pendicular to the Horizon, that is, of a &longs;hot towards our vertical 

<lb/>point, and to conclude, of the return of the ball by the &longs;ame line 

<lb/>unto the &longs;ame peice, though that in the long time which it is &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>parated from the peice, the earth hath tran&longs;ported it many miles 

<lb/>towards the Ea&longs;t; now it &longs;eemeth, that the ball ought to fall a like 

<lb/>di&longs;tance from the peice towards the We&longs;t; the which doth not 

<lb/>happen: therefore the peice without having been moved did &longs;tay 

<lb/>expecting the &longs;ame. </s><s>The an&longs;wer is the &longs;ame with that of the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg343"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;tone falling from the Tower; and all the fallacy, and equivocati&shy;

<lb/>on con&longs;i&longs;teth in &longs;uppo&longs;ing &longs;till for true, that which is in que&longs;tion; 

<lb/>for the Opponent hath it &longs;till fixed in his conceit that the 

<lb/>ball departs from its re&longs;t, being di&longs;charged by the fire 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/162.jpg" pagenum="154"/>from the piece; and the departing from the &longs;tate of re&longs;t, cannot 

<lb/>be, unle&longs;&longs;e the immobility of the Terre&longs;trial Globe be pre&longs;uppo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ed, which is the conclu&longs;ion of that was in di&longs;pute; Therefore, 

<lb/>I reply, that tho&longs;e who make the Earth moveable, an&longs;wer, that 

<lb/>the piece, and the ball that is in it, partake of the &longs;ame motion 

<lb/>with the Earth; nay that they have this together with her from 

<lb/>nature; and that therefore the ball departs in no other manner 

<lb/>from its quie&longs;cence, but conjoyned with its motion about the cen&shy;

<lb/>tre, the which by its projection upwards, is neither taken away, 

<lb/>nor hindered; and in this manner following, the univer&longs;al motion 

<lb/>of the Earth towards the Ea&longs;t, it alwayes keepeth perpendicular 

<lb/>over the &longs;aid piece, as well in its ri&longs;e as in its return. </s><s>And the 

<lb/>&longs;ame you &longs;ee to en&longs;ue, in making the experiment in a &longs;hip with 

<lb/>a bullet &longs;hot upwards perpendicularly with a Cro&longs;&longs;e-bow, which 

<lb/>returneth to the &longs;ame place whether the &longs;hip doth move, or &longs;tand 

<lb/>&longs;till.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg344"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg342"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An in&longs;tance a&shy;

<lb/>gainst the diurnal 

<lb/>motion of the earth, 

<lb/>taken from the &longs;hot 

<lb/>of a Peece of Ordi&shy;

<lb/>nance perpendicu&shy;

<lb/>larly.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg343"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer to the 

<lb/>objection, &longs;hewing 

<lb/>the equivoke.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg344"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Another an&longs;wer 

<lb/>to the &longs;ame objecti&shy;

<lb/>on.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This &longs;atisfieth very well to all; but becau&longs;e that I have 

<lb/>&longs;een that <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> taketh plea&longs;ure with certain &longs;ubtilties to 

<lb/>puzzle his companions, I will demand of him whether, &longs;uppo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ing for this time that the Earth &longs;tandeth &longs;till, and the piece ere&shy;

<lb/>cted upon it perpendicularly, directed to our Zenith, he do at all 

<lb/>que&longs;tion that to be the true perpendicular &longs;hot, and that the ball 

<lb/>in departing, and in its return is to go by the &longs;ame right line, 

<lb/>&longs;till &longs;uppo&longs;ing all external and accidental impediments to be re&shy;

<lb/>moved?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I under&longs;tand that the matter ought to &longs;ucceed exactly 

<lb/>in that manner.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But if the piece were placed, not perpendicularly, but 

<lb/>inclining towards &longs;ome place, what would the motion of the ball 

<lb/>be? </s><s>Would it go haply, as in the other &longs;hot, by the perpendi&shy;

<lb/>cular line, and return again by the &longs;ame?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It would not &longs;o do; but i&longs;&longs;uing out of the piece, it 

<lb/>would pur&longs;ue its motion by a right line which prolongeth the e&shy;

<lb/>rect perpendicularity of the concave cylinder of the piece, unle&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>&longs;o far as its own weight would make it decline from that erection 

<lb/>towards the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>So that the mounture of the cylinder is the regulator of 

<lb/>the motion of the ball, nor doth it, or would it move out of that 

<lb/>line, if its own gravity did not make it decline downwards. </s><s>And </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg345"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>therefore placing the cylinder perpendicularly, and &longs;hooting the 

<lb/>ball upwards, it returneth by the &longs;ame right line downwards; be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e the motion of the ball dependent on its gravity is down&shy;

<lb/>ward, by the &longs;ame perpendicular. </s><s>The journey therefore of the 

<lb/>ball out of the piece, continueth or prolongeth the rectitude or 

<lb/>perpendicularity of that &longs;mall part of the &longs;aid journey, which it 

<lb/>made within the &longs;aid piece; is it not &longs;o?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/163.jpg" pagenum="155"/><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg345"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Projects conti&shy;

<lb/>nue their motion 

<lb/>by the right line 

<lb/>that followeth the 

<lb/>direction of the 

<lb/>motion, made to&shy;

<lb/>gether with the 

<lb/>projicient, whil'&longs;t 

<lb/>they were conjoin'd 

<lb/>therewith.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>So it is, in my opinion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Now imagine the cylinder to be erected, and that the 

<lb/>Earth doth revolve about with a diurnal motion, carrying the 

<lb/>piece along with it, tell me what &longs;hall be the motion of the ball 

<lb/>within the cylinder, having given fire?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It &longs;hall be a &longs;treight and perpendicular motion, the cylin&shy;

<lb/>der being erected perpendicularly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Con&longs;ider well what you &longs;ay: for I believe that it will 

<lb/>not be perpendicular. </s><s>It would indeed be perpendicular, if the 

<lb/>Earth &longs;tood &longs;till, for &longs;o the ball would have no other motion but 

<lb/>that proceeding from the fire. </s><s>But in ca&longs;e the Earth turns round, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg346"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the ball that is in the piece, hath likewi&longs;e a diurnal motion, &longs;o 

<lb/>that there being added to the &longs;ame the impul&longs;e of the fire, it mo&shy;

<lb/>veth from the breech of the piece to the muzzle with two motions, 

<lb/>from the compo&longs;ition whereof it cometh to pa&longs;&longs;e that the motion 

<lb/>made by the centre of the balls gravity is an inclining line. </s><s>And 

<lb/>for your clearer under&longs;tanding the &longs;ame, let the piece A C [<emph type="italics"/>in 

<lb/>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 2.] be erected, and in it the ball B; it is manife&longs;t, that the 

<lb/>piece &longs;tanding immoveable, and fire being given to it, the ball 

<lb/>will make its way out by the mouth A, and with its centre, pa&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ing thorow the the piece, &longs;hall have de&longs;cribed the perpendicular 

<lb/>line B A, and it &longs;hall pur&longs;ue that rectitude when it is out of the 

<lb/>piece, moving toward the Zenith. </s><s>But in ca&longs;e the Earth &longs;hould 

<lb/>move round, and con&longs;equently carry the piece along with it, in 

<lb/>the time that the ball driven out of the piece &longs;hall move along 

<lb/>the cylinder, the piece being carried by the Earth, &longs;hall pa&longs;&longs;e in&shy;

<lb/>to the &longs;ituation D E, and the ball B, in going off, would be at 

<lb/>the corni&longs;h D, and the motion of the bals centre, would have 

<lb/>been according to the line B D, no longer perpendicular, but in&shy;

<lb/>clining towards the Ea&longs;t; and the ball (as hath been concluded) 

<lb/>being to continue its motion through the air, according to the 

<lb/>direction of the motion made in the piece, the &longs;aid motion &longs;hall 

<lb/>continue on according to the inclination of the line B D, and &longs;o 

<lb/>&longs;hall no longer be perpendicular, but inclined towards the Ea&longs;t, 

<lb/>to which part the piece doth al&longs;o move; whereupon the ball may 

<lb/>follow the motion of the Eerth, and of the piece. </s><s>Now <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>you &longs;ee it demon&longs;trated, that the Range which you took to be 

<lb/>perpendicular, is not &longs;o.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg346"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The revolution 

<lb/>of the Earth &longs;up&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ed, the ball in 

<lb/>the piece erected 

<lb/>perpendicularly, 

<lb/>doth not move by a 

<lb/>perpendicular, but 

<lb/>an inclined line.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I do not very well under&longs;tand this bu&longs;ine&longs;s; do you, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/>?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I apprehend it in part; but I have a certain kind of 

<lb/>&longs;cruple, which I wi&longs;h I knew how to expre&longs;s. </s><s>It &longs;eems to me, that 

<lb/>according to what hath been &longs;aid, if the Piece be erected perpen&shy;

<lb/>dicular, and the Earth do move, the ball would not be to fall, as 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> will have it, far from the Piece towards the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/164.jpg" pagenum="156"/>We&longs;t, nor as you would have it, upon the Piece, but rather far 

<lb/>di&longs;tant towards the Ea&longs;t. </s><s>For according to your explanation, it 

<lb/>would have two motions, the which would with one con&longs;ent carry 

<lb/>it thitherward, to wit, the common motion of the Earth, which 

<lb/>carrieth the Piece and the ball from C A towards E D; and the 

<lb/>fire which carrieth it by the inclined line B D, both motions to&shy;

<lb/>wards the Ea&longs;t, and therefore they are &longs;uperiour to the motion of 

<lb/>the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Not &longs;o, Sir. </s><s>The motion which carrieth the ball to&shy;

<lb/>wards the Ea&longs;t, cometh all from the Earth, and the fire hath no 

<lb/>part at all therein: the motion which mounteth the ball upwards, 

<lb/>is wholly of fire, wherewith the Earth hath nothing to do. </s><s>And 

<lb/>that it is &longs;o, if you give not fire, the ball will never go out of the 

<lb/>Piece, nor yet ri&longs;e upwards a hairs breadth; as al&longs;o if you make 

<lb/>the Earth immoveable, and give fire, the ball without any incli&shy;

<lb/>nation &longs;hall go perpendicularly upwards. </s><s>The ball therefore ha&shy;

<lb/>ving two motions, one upwards, and the other in gyration, of both 

<lb/>which the tran&longs;ver&longs;e line B D is compounded, the impul&longs;e upward 

<lb/>is wholly of fire, the circular cometh wholly from the Earth, and 

<lb/>is equal to the Earths motion: and being equal to it, the ball 

<lb/>maintaineth it &longs;elf all the way directly over the mouth of the 

<lb/>Piece, and at la&longs;t falleth back into the &longs;ame: and becau&longs;e it al&shy;

<lb/>ways ob&longs;erveth the erection of the Piece, it appeareth al&longs;o conti&shy;

<lb/>nually over the head of him that is near the Piece, and therefore 

<lb/>it appeareth to mount exactly perpendicular towards our Zenith, 

<lb/>or vertical point.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I have yet one doubt more remaining, and it is, that in 

<lb/>regard the motion of the ball is very &longs;wift in the Piece, it &longs;eems 

<lb/>not po&longs;&longs;ible, that in that moment of time the tran&longs;po&longs;ition of the 

<lb/>Piece from C A to A D &longs;hould confer &longs;uch an inclination upon 

<lb/>the tran&longs;ver&longs;e line C D, that by means thereof, the ball when it 

<lb/>cometh afterwards into the air &longs;hould be able to follow the cour&longs;e 

<lb/>of the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You err upon many accounts; and fir&longs;t, the inclination 

<lb/>of the tran&longs;ver&longs;e line C D, I believe it is much greater than you 

<lb/>take it to be, for I verily think that the velocity of the Earths mo&shy;

<lb/>tion, not onely under the Equinoctial, but in our paralel al&longs;o, is 

<lb/>greater than that of the ball whil&longs;t it moveth in the Piece; &longs;o that 

<lb/>the interval C E would be ab&longs;olutely much bigger than the whole 

<lb/>length of the Piece, and the inclination of the tran&longs;ver&longs;e line con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;equently bigger than half a right angle: but be the velocity of 

<lb/>the Earth more, or be it le&longs;s, in compari&longs;on of the velocity of the 

<lb/>fire, this imports nothing; for if the velocity of the Earth be &longs;mall, 

<lb/>and con&longs;equently the inclination of the tran&longs;ver&longs;e line be little 

<lb/>al&longs;o; there is then al&longs;o need but of little inclination to make the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/165.jpg" pagenum="157"/>ball &longs;u&longs;pend it &longs;elf in its range directly over the Piece. </s><s>And in a 

<lb/>word, if you do but attentively con&longs;ider, you will comprehend, 

<lb/>that the motion of the Earth in transferring the Piece along with 

<lb/>it from C A to E D, conferreth upon the tran&longs;ver&longs;e line C D, &longs;o 

<lb/>much of little or great inclination, as is required to adju&longs;t the 

<lb/>range to its perpendicularity. </s><s>But you err, &longs;econdly, in that you 

<lb/>referr the faculty of carrying the ball along with the Earth to the 

<lb/>impul&longs;e of the fire, and you run into the &longs;ame error, into which 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> but even now &longs;eemed to have fallen; for the faculty 

<lb/>of following the motion of the Earth, is the primary and perpetual 

<lb/>motion, indelibly and in&longs;eparably imparted to the &longs;aid ball, as to a 

<lb/>thing terre&longs;trial, and that of its own nature doth and ever &longs;hall 

<lb/>po&longs;&longs;e&longs;s the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Let us yield, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> for the bu&longs;ine&longs;s is ju&longs;t as he 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg347"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;aith. </s><s>And now from this di&longs;cour&longs;e let us come to under&longs;tand the 

<lb/>rea&longs;on of a Venatorian Problem, of tho&longs;e Fowlers who with their 

<lb/>guns &longs;hoot a bird flying; and becau&longs;e I did imagine, that in regard 

<lb/>the bird flieth a great pace, therefore they &longs;hould aim their &longs;hot far 

<lb/>from the bird, anticipating its flight for a certain &longs;pace, and more 

<lb/>or le&longs;s according to its velocity and the di&longs;tance of the bird, that 

<lb/>&longs;o the bullet ha&longs;ting directly to the mark aimed at, it might come 

<lb/>to arrive at the &longs;elf &longs;ame time in the &longs;ame point with its motion, 

<lb/>and the bird with its flight, and by that means one to encounter 

<lb/>the other: and asking one of them, if their practi&longs;e was not &longs;o 

<lb/>to do; He told me, no; but that the &longs;light was very ea&longs;ie and 

<lb/>certain, and that they took aim ju&longs;t in the &longs;ame manner as if they 

<lb/>had &longs;hot at a bird that did &longs;it &longs;till; that is, they made the flying 

<lb/>bird their mark, and by moving their fowling-piece they followed 

<lb/>her, keeping their aim &longs;till full upon her, till &longs;uch time as they let 

<lb/>fly, and in this manner &longs;hot her as they did others &longs;itting &longs;till. </s><s>It is 

<lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ary therefore that that motion, though &longs;low, which the fowl&shy;

<lb/>ing-piece maketh in turning and following after the flight of the 

<lb/>bird do communicate it &longs;elf to the bullet al&longs;o, and that it be joyned 

<lb/>with that of the fire; &longs;o that the ball hath from the fire the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion directly upwards, and from the concave Cylinder of the barrel 

<lb/>the declination according to the flight of the Bird, ju&longs;t as was &longs;aid 

<lb/>before of the &longs;hot of a Canon; where the ball receiveth from the 

<lb/>fire a virtue of mounting upwards towards the Zenith, and from 

<lb/>the motion of the Earth its winding towards the Ea&longs;t, and of both 

<lb/>maketh a compound motion that followeth the cour&longs;e of the 

<lb/>Earth, and that to the beholder &longs;eemeth onely to go directly up&shy;

<lb/>wards, and return again downwards by the &longs;ame line. </s><s>The hold&shy;

<lb/>ing therefore of the gun continually directed towards the mark, 

<lb/>maketh the &longs;hoot hit right, and that you may keep your gun di&shy;

<lb/>rected to the mark, in ca&longs;e the mark &longs;tands &longs;till, you mu&longs;t al&longs;o hold 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/166.jpg" pagenum="158"/>your gun &longs;till; and if the mark &longs;hall move, the gun mu&longs;t be kept upon 

<lb/>the mark by moving. </s><s>And upon this dependeth the proper an&longs;wer 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg348"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>to the other argument taken from the &longs;hot of a Canon, at the 

<lb/>mark placed towards the South or North: wherein is alledged, 

<lb/>that if the Earth &longs;hould move, the &longs;hots would all range We&longs;t&shy;

<lb/>ward of the mark, becau&longs;e that in the time whil&longs;t the ball, being 

<lb/>forc'd out of the Piece, goeth through the air to the mark, the &longs;aid 

<lb/>mark being carried toward the Ea&longs;t, would leave the ball to the 

<lb/>We&longs;tward. </s><s>I an&longs;wer therefore, demanding whether if the Ca&shy;

<lb/>non be aimed true at the mark, and permitted &longs;o to continue, it 

<lb/>will con&longs;tantly hit the &longs;aid mark, whether the Earth move or &longs;tand 

<lb/>&longs;till? </s><s>It mu&longs;t be replied, that the aim altereth not at all, for if 

<lb/>the mark doth &longs;tand &longs;till, the Piece al&longs;o doth &longs;tand &longs;till, and if it, 

<lb/>being tran&longs;ported by the Earths motion, doth move, the Piece doth 

<lb/>al&longs;o move at the &longs;ame rate, and, the aim maintained, the &longs;hot 

<lb/>proveth always true, as by what hath been &longs;aid above, is mani&shy;

<lb/>fe&longs;t.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg347"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The manner how 

<lb/>Fowlers &longs;hoot birds 

<lb/>flying.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg348"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer to 

<lb/>the objection tak n 

<lb/>from the &longs;hots of 

<lb/>great Guns made 

<lb/>towards the North 

<lb/>and South.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Stay a little, I entreat you, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> till I have pro&shy;

<lb/>pounded a certain conceit touching the&longs;e &longs;hooters of birds flying, 

<lb/>who&longs;e proceeding I believe to be the &longs;ame which you relate, and 

<lb/>believe the effect of hitting the bird doth likewi&longs;e follow: but yet 

<lb/>I cannot think that act altogether conformable to this of &longs;hooting 

<lb/>in great Guns, which ought to hit as well when the piece and mark 

<lb/>moveth, as when they both &longs;tand &longs;till; and the&longs;e, in my opinion, 

<lb/>are the particulars in which they di&longs;agree. </s><s>In &longs;hooting with a 

<lb/>great Gun both it and the mark move with equal velocity, being 

<lb/>both tran&longs;ported by the motion of the Terre&longs;trial Globe: and al&shy;

<lb/>beit &longs;ometimes the piece being planted more towards the Pole, 

<lb/>than the mark, and con&longs;equently its motion being &longs;omewhat flow&shy;

<lb/>er than the motion of the mark, as being made in a le&longs;&longs;er circle, 

<lb/>&longs;uch a difference is in&longs;en&longs;ible, at that little di&longs;tance of the piece 

<lb/>from the mark: but in the &longs;hot of the Fowler the motion of the 

<lb/>Fowling-piece wherewith it goeth following the bird, is very &longs;low 

<lb/>in compari&longs;on of the flight of the &longs;aid bird; whence me thinks it 

<lb/>&longs;hould follow, that that &longs;mall motion which the turning of the 

<lb/>Birding-piece conferreth on the bullet that is within it, cannot, 

<lb/>when it is once gone forth of it, multiply it &longs;elf in the air, untill it 

<lb/>come to equal the velocity of the birds flight, &longs;o as that the &longs;aid bullet 

<lb/>&longs;hould always keep direct upon it: nay, me thinketh the bird 

<lb/>would anticipate it and leave it behind. </s><s>Let me add, that in this 

<lb/>act, the air through which the bullet is to pa&longs;s, partaketh not of the 

<lb/>motion of the bird: whereas in the ca&longs;e of the Canon, both it, 

<lb/>the mark, and the intermediate air, do equally partake of the com&shy;

<lb/>mon diurnal motion. </s><s>So that the true cau&longs;e of the Marks-man 

<lb/>his hitting the mark, as it &longs;hould &longs;eem, moreover and be&longs;ides the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/167.jpg" pagenum="159"/>following the birds flight with the piece, is his &longs;omewhat anticipa&shy;

<lb/>ting it, taking his aim before it; as al&longs;o his &longs;hooting (as I believe) 

<lb/>not with one bullet, but with many &longs;mall balls (called &longs;hot) the 

<lb/>which &longs;cattering in the air po&longs;&longs;e&longs;s a great &longs;pace; and al&longs;o the ex&shy;

<lb/>treme velocity wherewith the&longs;e &longs;hot, being di&longs;charged from the 

<lb/>Gun, go towards the bird.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>See how far the winged wit of <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/> anticipateth, 

<lb/>and out-goeth the dulne&longs;s of mine; which perhaps would have 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg349"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>light upon the&longs;e di&longs;parities, but not without long &longs;tudie. </s><s>Now 

<lb/>turning to the matter in hand, there do remain to be con&longs;idered 

<lb/>by us the &longs;hots at point blank, towards the Ea&longs;t and towards the 

<lb/>We&longs;t; the fir&longs;t of which, if the Earth did move, would always 

<lb/>happen to be too high above the mark, and the &longs;econd too low; 

<lb/>fora&longs;much as the parts of the Earth Ea&longs;tward, by rea&longs;on of the di&shy;

<lb/>urnal motion, do continually de&longs;cend beneath the tangent paralel 

<lb/>to the Horizon, whereupon the Ea&longs;tern &longs;tars to us appear to a&longs;cend; 

<lb/>and on the contrary, the parts We&longs;tward do more and more a&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cend, whereupon the We&longs;tern &longs;tars do in our &longs;eeming de&longs;cend: 

<lb/>and therefore the ranges which are leveled according to the &longs;aid 

<lb/>tangent at the Oriental mark, (which whil&longs;t the ball pa&longs;&longs;eth 

<lb/>along by the tangent de&longs;cendeth) &longs;hould prove too high, and the 

<lb/>Occidental too low by means of the elevation of the mark, whil&longs;t 

<lb/>the ball pa&longs;&longs;eth along the tangent. </s><s>The an&longs;wer is like to the re&longs;t: 

<lb/>for as the Ea&longs;tern mark goeth continually de&longs;cending, by rea&longs;on 

<lb/>of the Earths motion, under a tangent that continueth immove&shy;

<lb/>able; &longs;o likewi&longs;e the piece for the &longs;ame rea&longs;on goeth continually 

<lb/>inclining, and with its mounture pur&longs;uing the &longs;aid mark: by 

<lb/>which means the &longs;hot proveth true.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg349"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer to the 

<lb/>Argument taken 

<lb/>from the &longs;hots at 

<lb/>point blanck to&shy;

<lb/>wards the Ea&longs;t &amp; 

<lb/>We&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>But here I think it a convenient opportunity to give notice of 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg350"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>certain conce&longs;&longs;ions, which are granted perhaps over liberally by 

<lb/>the followers of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> unto their Adver&longs;aries: I mean of 

<lb/>yielding to them certain experiments for &longs;ure and certain, which 

<lb/>yet the Adver&longs;aries them&longs;elves had never made tryal of: as for 

<lb/>example, that of things falling from the round-top of a &longs;hip whil&longs;t 

<lb/>it is in motion, and many others; among&longs;t which I verily believe, 

<lb/>that this of experimenting whether the &longs;hot made by a Canon to&shy;

<lb/>wards the Ea&longs;t proveth too high, and the We&longs;tern &longs;hot too low, 

<lb/>is one: and becau&longs;e I believe that they have never made tryal 

<lb/>thereof, I de&longs;ire that they would tell me what difference they 

<lb/>think ought to happen between the &longs;aid &longs;hots, &longs;uppo&longs;ing the Earth 

<lb/>moveable, or &longs;uppo&longs;ing it moveable; and let <emph type="italics"/>Simplieius<emph.end type="italics"/> for this 

<lb/>time an&longs;wer for them.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg350"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The followers of 

<lb/>Copernicus too 

<lb/>freely admit cer&shy;

<lb/>tain propo&longs;itions for 

<lb/>true, which are 

<lb/>very doubtfull.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will not undertake to an&longs;wer &longs;o confidently as another 

<lb/>more intelligent perhaps might do; but &longs;hall &longs;peak what thus upon 

<lb/>the &longs;udden I think they would reply; which is in effect the &longs;ame 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/168.jpg" pagenum="160"/>with that which hath been &longs;aid already, namely, that in ca&longs;e the 

<lb/>Earth &longs;hould move, the &longs;hots made Ea&longs;tward would prove too 

<lb/>high, &amp;c. </s><s>the ball, as it is probable, being to move along the tan&shy;

<lb/>gent.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But if I &longs;hould &longs;ay, that &longs;o it falleth out upon triall, 

<lb/>how would you cen&longs;ure me?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It is nece&longs;&longs;ary to proceed to experiments for the pro&shy;

<lb/>ving of it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But do you think, that there is to be found a Gunner &longs;o 

<lb/>skilful, as to hit the mark at every &longs;hoot, in a di&longs;tance of <emph type="italics"/>v.g.<emph.end type="italics"/> five 

<lb/>hundred paces?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>No Sir; nay I believe that there is no one, how good a 

<lb/>marks-man &longs;oever that would promi&longs;e to come within a pace of 

<lb/>the mark,</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>How can we then, with &longs;hots &longs;o uncertain, a&longs;&longs;ure our 

<lb/>&longs;elves of that which is in di&longs;pute?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>We may be a&longs;&longs;ured thereof two wayes; one, by ma&shy;

<lb/>king many &longs;hots; the other, becau&longs;e in re&longs;pect of the great velo&shy;

<lb/>city of the Earths motion, the deviation from the mark would in 

<lb/>my opinion be very great.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Very great, that is more than one pace; in regard that 

<lb/>the varying &longs;o much, yea and more, is granted to happen ordinarily 

<lb/>even in the Earths mobility.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I verily believe the variation from the mark would be 

<lb/>more than &longs;o.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg351"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg351"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A Computation 

<lb/>how much the ran&shy;

<lb/>ges of great &longs;hot 

<lb/>ought to vary from 

<lb/>the marke, the 

<lb/>Earths motion be&shy;

<lb/>ing granted.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now I de&longs;ire that for our &longs;atisfaction we do make thus 

<lb/>in gro&longs;&longs;e a &longs;light calculation, if you con&longs;ent thereto, which will 

<lb/>&longs;tand us in &longs;tead likewi&longs;e (if the computation &longs;ucceed as I expect) 

<lb/>for a warning how we do in other occurrences &longs;uffer our &longs;elves, as 

<lb/>the &longs;aying is, to be taken with the enemies &longs;houts, and &longs;urrender 

<lb/>up our belief to what ever fir&longs;t pre&longs;ents it &longs;elf to our fancy. </s><s>And 

<lb/>now to give all advantages to the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Tychonicks,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>let us &longs;uppo&longs;e our &longs;elves to be under the Equinoctial, there to &longs;hoot 

<lb/>a piece of Ordinance point blank Ea&longs;twards at a mark five hun&shy;

<lb/>dred paces off. </s><s>Fir&longs;t, let us &longs;ee thus (as I &longs;aid) in a level, what 

<lb/>time the &longs;hot after it is gone out of the Piece taketh to arrive at 

<lb/>the mark; which we know to be very little, and is certainly no 

<lb/>more than that wherein a travailer walketh two &longs;teps, which al&longs;o 

<lb/>is le&longs;s than the &longs;econd of a minute of an hour; for &longs;uppo&longs;ing 

<lb/>that the travailer walketh three miles in an hour, which are nine 

<lb/>thou&longs;and paces, being that an hour containes three thou&longs;and, &longs;ix 

<lb/>hundred &longs;econd minutes, the travailer walketh two &longs;teps and an 

<lb/>half in a &longs;econd, a &longs;econd therefore is more than the time of the 

<lb/>balls motion. </s><s>And for that the diurnal revolution is twenty four 

<lb/>hours, the We&longs;tern horizon ri&longs;eth fifteen degrees in an hour, that 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/169.jpg" pagenum="161"/>is, fifteen fir&longs;t minutes of a degree, in one fir&longs;t minute of an hour; 

<lb/>that is, fifteen &longs;econds of a degree, in one &longs;econd of an hour; and 

<lb/>becau&longs;e one &longs;econd is the time of the &longs;hot, therefore in this time 

<lb/>the We&longs;tern horizon ri&longs;eth fifteen &longs;econds of a degree, and &longs;o 

<lb/>much likewi&longs;e the mark; and therefore fifteen &longs;econds of that cir&shy;

<lb/>cle, who&longs;e &longs;emidiameter is five hundred paces (for &longs;o much the di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance of the mark from the Piece was &longs;uppo&longs;ed.) Now let us 

<lb/>look in the table of Arches and Chords (&longs;ee here is <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> his 

<lb/>book) what part is the chord of fifteen &longs;econds of the &longs;emidiame&shy;

<lb/>ter, that is, five hundred paces. </s><s>Here you &longs;ee the chord (or &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>ten&longs;e) of a fir&longs;t minute to be le&longs;s than thirty of tho&longs;e parts, of 

<lb/>which the &longs;emidiameter is an hundred thou&longs;and. </s><s>Therefore the 

<lb/>chord of a &longs;econd minute &longs;hall be le&longs;s then half of one of tho&longs;e 

<lb/>parts, that is le&longs;s than one of tho&longs;e parts, of whichthe &longs;emidiame&shy;

<lb/>ter is two hundred thou&longs;and; and therefore the chord of fifteen 

<lb/>conds &longs;hall be le&longs;s than fifteen of tho&longs;e &longs;ame two hundred thou&longs;and 

<lb/>parts; but that which is le&longs;s than <emph type="italics"/>(a)<emph.end type="italics"/> fifteen parts of two hun&shy;</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg352"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>dred thou&longs;and, is al&longs;o more than that which is four cente&longs;mes of 

<lb/>five hundred; therefore the a&longs;cent of the mark in the time of the 

<lb/>balls motion is le&longs;&longs;e than four cente&longs;mes, that is, than one twenty 

<lb/>fifth part of a pace; it &longs;hall be therefore <emph type="italics"/>(b)<emph.end type="italics"/> about two inches: 

<lb/>And &longs;o much con&longs;equently &longs;hall be the variation of each We&longs;tern 

<lb/>&longs;hot, the Earth being &longs;uppo&longs;ed to have a diurnal motion. </s><s>Now if I 

<lb/>&longs;hall tell you, that this variation (I mean of falling two inches &longs;hort 

<lb/>of what they would do in ca&longs;e the Earth did not move) upon tri&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg353"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>all doth happen in all &longs;hots, how will you convince me <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>&longs;hewing me by an experiment that it is not &longs;o? </s><s>Do you not &longs;ee 

<lb/>that it is impo&longs;&longs;ible to confute me, unle&longs;s you fir&longs;t find out a way 

<lb/>to &longs;hoot at a mark with &longs;o much exactne&longs;&longs;e, as never to mi&longs;&longs;e an 

<lb/>hairs bredth? </s><s>For whil&longs;t the ranges of great &longs;hot con&longs;i&longs;t of diffe&shy;

<lb/>rent numbers of paces, as <emph type="italics"/>de facto<emph.end type="italics"/> they do, I will affirm that in 

<lb/>each of tho&longs;e variations there is contained that of two inches cau&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ed by the motion of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg352"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>(a)<emph.end type="italics"/> That is, in 

<lb/>plainer termes the 

<lb/>fraction 15/200000, is 

<lb/>more than the fra&shy;

<lb/>ction 4/50000, for di&shy;

<lb/>viding the denomi&shy;

<lb/>nators by their no&shy;

<lb/>minators, and the 

<lb/>fir&longs;t produceth 

<lb/>13333 1/3 the other 

<lb/>but 12500.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg353"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>(b)<emph.end type="italics"/> It &longs;hall be 

<lb/>neer 2 2/5 inches, ac&shy;

<lb/>counting the pace 

<lb/>to be Geometrical, 

<lb/>containing 5 foot.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Pardon me, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> you are too liberal. </s><s>For I would 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg354"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tell the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks,<emph.end type="italics"/> that though every &longs;hot &longs;hould hit the very 

<lb/>centre of the mark, that &longs;hould not in the lea&longs;t di&longs;prove the motion 

<lb/>of the Earth. </s><s>For the Gunners are &longs;o con&longs;tantly imployed in le&shy;

<lb/>velling the &longs;ight and gun to the mark, as that they can hit the &longs;ame, 

<lb/>notwith&longs;tanding the motion of the Earth. </s><s>And I &longs;ay, that if the 

<lb/>Earth &longs;hould &longs;tand &longs;till, the &longs;hots would not prove true; but the 

<lb/>Occidental would be too low, and the Oriental too high: now let 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> di&longs;prove me if he can.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg354"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is demon&longs;tra&shy;

<lb/>ted with great &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>tilty, that the 

<lb/>Earths motion &longs;up&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ed, Canon &longs;hot 

<lb/>ought not to vary 

<lb/>more than in re&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is a &longs;ubtilty worthy of <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus:<emph.end type="italics"/> But whether 

<lb/>this variation be to be ob&longs;erved in the motion, or in the re&longs;t of the 

<lb/>Earth, it mu&longs;t needs be very &longs;mall, it mu&longs;t needs be &longs;wallowed up 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/170.jpg" pagenum="162"/>in tho&longs;e very great ones which &longs;undry accidents continually pro&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg355"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>duce. </s><s>And all this hath been &longs;poken and granted on good grounds 

<lb/>to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> and only with an intent to adverti&longs;e him how much 

<lb/>it importeth to be cautious in granting many experiments for true 

<lb/>to tho&longs;e who never had tried them, but only eagerly alledged them 

<lb/>ju&longs;t as they ought to be for the &longs;erving their purpo&longs;e: This is &longs;po&shy;

<lb/>ken, I &longs;ay, by way of &longs;urplu&longs;&longs;age and Corollary to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> for 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg356"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the real truth is, that as concerning the&longs;e &longs;hots, the &longs;ame ought ex&shy;

<lb/>actly to befall a&longs;well in the motion as in the re&longs;t of the Terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe; as likewi&longs;e it will happen in all the other experiments 

<lb/>that either have been or can be produced, which have at fir&longs;t blu&longs;h 

<lb/>&longs;o mnch &longs;emblance of truth, as the antiquated opinion of the 

<lb/>Earths motion hath of equivocation.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg355"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is requi&longs;ite to 

<lb/>be very cautious in 

<lb/>admitting experi&shy;

<lb/>ments for true, to 

<lb/>tho&longs;e who never 

<lb/>tried them.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg356"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Experiments and 

<lb/>arguments again&longs;t 

<lb/>the Earths motion 

<lb/>&longs;eem &longs;o far con&shy;

<lb/>cluding, as they lie 

<lb/>hid under equi&shy;

<lb/>vokes.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>As for my part I am fully &longs;atisfied, and very well un&shy;

<lb/>der&longs;tand that who &longs;o &longs;hall imprint in his fancy this general com&shy;

<lb/>munity of the diurnal conver&longs;ion among&longs;t all things Terre&longs;trial, 

<lb/>to all which it naturally agreeth, a&longs;well as in the old conceit of its 

<lb/>re&longs;t about the centre, &longs;hall doubtle&longs;&longs;e di&longs;cern the fallacy and equi&shy;

<lb/>voke which made the arguments produced &longs;eem eoncluding. 

<lb/></s><s>There yet remains in me &longs;ome h&aelig;&longs;itancy (as I have hinted be&shy;

<lb/>fore) touching the flight of birds; the which having as it were an 

<lb/>animate faculty of moving at their plea&longs;ure with a thou&longs;and mo&shy;

<lb/>tions, and to &longs;tay long in the Air &longs;eparated from the Earth, and 

<lb/>therein with mo&longs;t irregular windings to go fluttering to and again, 

<lb/>I cannot conceive how among&longs;t &longs;o great a confu&longs;ion of motions, 

<lb/>they &longs;hould be able to retain the fir&longs;t commune motion; and in 

<lb/>what manner, having once made any &longs;tay behind, they can get 

<lb/>it up again, and overtake the &longs;ame with flying, and kcep pace 

<lb/>with the Towers and trees which hurry with &longs;o precipitant a cour&longs;e 

<lb/>towards the Ea&longs;t; I &longs;ay &longs;o precipitant, for in the great circle of 

<lb/>the Globe it is little le&longs;&longs;e than a thou&longs;and miles an hour, whereof 

<lb/>the flight of the &longs;wallow I believe makes not fifty.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If the birds were to keep pace with the cour&longs;e of the 

<lb/>trees by help of their wings, they would o&longs; nece&longs;&longs;ity flie very fa&longs;t; 

<lb/>and if they were deprived of the univer&longs;al conver&longs;ion, they would 

<lb/>lag as far behind; and their flight would &longs;eem as furious towards 

<lb/>the We&longs;t, and to him that could di&longs;cern the &longs;ame, it would 

<lb/>much exceed the flight of an arrow; but I think we could not be 

<lb/>able to perceive it, no more than we &longs;ee a Canon bullet, whil'&longs;t 

<lb/>driven by the fury of the fire, it flieth through the Air: But the 

<lb/>truth is that the proper motion of birds, I mean of their flight, 

<lb/>hath nothing to do with the univer&longs;al motion, to which it is nei&shy;

<lb/>ther an help, nor an hinderance; and that which maintaineth 

<lb/>the &longs;aid motion unaltered in the birds, is the Air it &longs;elf, thorough 

<lb/>which they flie, which naturally following the <emph type="italics"/>Vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> of the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/171.jpg" pagenum="163"/>Earth, like as it carrieth the clouds along with it, &longs;o it tran&longs;porteth 

<lb/>birds and every thing el&longs;e which is pendent in the &longs;ame; in &longs;o much 

<lb/>that as to the bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e of keeping pace with the Earth, the birds 

<lb/>need take no care thereof, but for that work might &longs;leep perpe&shy;

<lb/>tually.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>That the Air can carry the clouds along with it, as 

<lb/>being matters ea&longs;ie for their lightne&longs;&longs;e to be moved and deprived 

<lb/>of all other contrary inclination, yea more, as being matters that 

<lb/>partake al&longs;o of the conditions and properties of the Earth; I com&shy;

<lb/>prehend without any difficulty; but that birds, which as having 

<lb/>life, may move with a motion quite contrary to the diurnal, once 

<lb/>having &longs;urcea&longs;ed the &longs;aid motion, the Air &longs;hould re&longs;tore them to 

<lb/>it, &longs;eems to me a little &longs;trange, and the rather for that they are &longs;olid 

<lb/>and weighty bodies; and withal, we &longs;ee; as hath been &longs;aid, &longs;tones 

<lb/>and other grave bodies to lie unmoved again&longs;t the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> of the 

<lb/>air; and when they &longs;uffer them&longs;elves to be overcome thereby, 

<lb/>they never acquire &longs;o much velocity as the wind which carrieth 

<lb/>them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We a&longs;cribe not &longs;o little force, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> to the moved 

<lb/>Air, which is able to move and bear before it &longs;hips full fraught, 

<lb/>to tear up trees by the roots, and overthrow Towers when it 

<lb/>moveth &longs;wiftly; and yet we cannot &longs;ay that the motion of the 

<lb/>Air in the&longs;e violent operations is neer &longs;o violent, as that of the 

<lb/>diurnal revolution.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>You &longs;ee then that the moved Air may al&longs;o cotinue the 

<lb/>motion of projects, according to the Doctrine of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>; and 

<lb/>it &longs;eemed to me very &longs;trange that he &longs;hould have erred in this 

<lb/>particular.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It may without doubt, in ca&longs;e it could continue it &longs;elf, 

<lb/>but lik as when the wind cea&longs;ing neither &longs;hips go on, nor trees are 

<lb/>blown down, &longs;o the motion in the Air not continuing after the 

<lb/>&longs;tone is gone out of the hand, and the Air cea&longs;ing to move, it 

<lb/>followeth that it mu&longs;t be &longs;omething el&longs;e be&longs;ides the Air that ma&shy;

<lb/>keth the projects to move.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But how upon the winds being laid, doth the &longs;hip cea&longs;e 

<lb/>to move? </s><s>Nay you may &longs;ee that when the wind is down, and 

<lb/>the &longs;ails furl'd, the ve&longs;&longs;el continueth to run whole miles.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But this maketh again&longs;t your &longs;elf <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> for that 

<lb/>the wind being laid that filling the &longs;ails drove on the &longs;hip, yet ne&shy;

<lb/>verthele&longs;&longs;e doth it without help of the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> continue its 

<lb/>cour&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It might be &longs;aid that the water was the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> which 

<lb/>carried forward the &longs;hip, and maintain'd it in motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It might indeed be &longs;o affirmed, if you would &longs;peak 

<lb/>quite contrary to truth; for the truth is, that the water, by rea&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/172.jpg" pagenum="164"/>&longs;on of its great re&longs;i&longs;tance to the divi&longs;ion made by the hull of the 

<lb/>&longs;hip, doth with great noi&longs;e re&longs;i&longs;t the &longs;ame; nor doth it permit it 

<lb/>of a great while to acquire that velocity which the wind would 

<lb/>confer upon it, were the ob&longs;tacle of the water removed. </s><s>Per&shy;

<lb/>haps <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> you have never con&longs;idered with what fury the 

<lb/>water be&longs;ets a bark, whil'&longs;t it forceth its way through a &longs;tanding 

<lb/>water by help of Oars or Sails: for if you had ever minded that 

<lb/>effect, you would not now have produced &longs;uch an ab&longs;urdity. 

<lb/></s><s>And I am thinking that you have hitherto been one of tho&longs;e who 

<lb/>to find out how &longs;uch things &longs;ucceed, and to come to the know&shy;

<lb/>ledg of natural effects, do not betake them&longs;elves to a Ship, a 

<lb/>Cro&longs;&longs;e-bow, or a piece of Ordinance, but retire into their &longs;tu&shy;

<lb/>dies, and turn over Indexes and Tables to &longs;ee whether <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>hath &longs;poken any thing thereof, and being a&longs;&longs;ured of the true 

<lb/>&longs;en&longs;e of the Text, neither de&longs;ire nor care for knowing any 

<lb/>more.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg357"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg357"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The great feli&shy;

<lb/>city for which they 

<lb/>are much to be en&shy;

<lb/>vied who per&longs;wade 

<lb/>them&longs;elves that 

<lb/>they know every 

<lb/>thing.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This is a great felicity, and they are to be much en&shy;

<lb/>vied for it. </s><s>For if knowledg be de&longs;ired by all, and if to be wi&longs;e, 

<lb/>be to think ones &longs;elf &longs;o, they enjoy a very great happine&longs;&longs;e, for 

<lb/>that they may per&longs;wade them&longs;elves that they know and under&longs;tand 

<lb/>all things, in &longs;corn of tho&longs;e who knowing, that they under&longs;tand 

<lb/>not what the&longs;e think they under&longs;tand, and con&longs;equently &longs;eeking 

<lb/>that they know not the very lea&longs;t particle of what is knowable, 

<lb/>kill them&longs;elves with waking and &longs;tudying, and con&longs;ume their days 

<lb/>in experiments and ob&longs;ervations. </s><s>But pray you let us return to 

<lb/>our birds; touching which you have &longs;aid, that the Air being mo&shy;

<lb/>ved with great velocity, might re&longs;tore unto them that part of the 

<lb/>diurnal motion which among&longs;t the windings of their flight they 

<lb/>might have lo&longs;t; to which I reply, that the agitated Air &longs;eemeth 

<lb/>unable to confer on a &longs;olid and grave body, &longs;o great a velocity as 

<lb/>its own: And becau&longs;e that of the Air is as great as that of the 

<lb/>Earth, I cannot think that the Air is able to make good the lo&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>of the birds retardation in flight.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Your di&longs;cour&longs;e hath in it much of probability, and to 

<lb/>&longs;tick at trivial doubts is not for an acute wit; yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e the 

<lb/>probability being removed, I believed that it hath not a jot more 

<lb/>force than the others already con&longs;idered and re&longs;olved.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It is mo&longs;t certain that if it be not nece&longs;&longs;atily conclu&shy;

<lb/>dent, its efficacy mu&longs;t needs be ju&longs;t nothing at all, for it is 

<lb/>onely when the conclu&longs;ion is nece&longs;&longs;ary that the opponent hath no&shy;

<lb/>thing to alledg on the contrary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Your making a greater &longs;cruple of this than of the other 

<lb/>in&longs;tances dependeth, if I mi&longs;take not, upon the birds being ani&shy;

<lb/>mated, and thereby enabled to u&longs;e their &longs;trength at plea&longs;ure a&shy;

<lb/>gain&longs;t the primary motion in-bred in terrene bodies: like as for 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/173.jpg" pagenum="165"/>example, we &longs;ee them whil'&longs;t they are alive to fly upwards, a thing 

<lb/>altogether impo&longs;&longs;ible for them to do as they are grave bodies; 

<lb/>whereas being dead they can onely fall downwards; and there&shy;

<lb/>fore you hold that the rea&longs;ons that are of force in all the kinds of 

<lb/>projects above named, cannot take place in birds: Now this is 

<lb/>very true; and becau&longs;e it is &longs;o, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that doth not appear 

<lb/>to be done in tho&longs;e projects, which we &longs;ee the birds to do. </s><s>For if </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg358"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>from the top of a Tower you let fall a dead bird and a live one, 

<lb/>the dead bird &longs;hall do the &longs;ame that a &longs;tone doth, that is, it &longs;hall 

<lb/>fir&longs;t follow the general motion diurnal, and then the motion of 

<lb/>de&longs;cent, as grave; but if the bird let fall, be a live, what &longs;hall 

<lb/>hinder it, (there ever remaining in it the diurnal motion) from 

<lb/>&longs;oaring by help of its wings to what place of the Horizon it &longs;hall 

<lb/>plea&longs;e? </s><s>and this new motion, as being peculiar to the bird, and 

<lb/>not participated by us, mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity be vi&longs;ible to us; and if 

<lb/>it be moved by help of its wings towards the We&longs;t, what &longs;hall 

<lb/>hinder it from returning with a like help of its wings unto the 

<lb/>Tower. </s><s>And, becau&longs;e, in the la&longs;t place, the birds wending its 

<lb/>flight towards the We&longs;t was no other than a withdrawing from 

<lb/>the diurnal motion, (which hath, &longs;upppo&longs;e ten degrees of velocity) 

<lb/>one degree onely, there did thereupon remain to the bird whil'&longs;t 

<lb/>it was in its flight nine degrees of velocity, and &longs;o &longs;oon as it did 

<lb/>alight upon the the Earth, the ten common degrees returned to it, 

<lb/>to which, by flying towards the Ea&longs;t it might adde one, and with 

<lb/>tho&longs;e eleven overtake the Tower. </s><s>And in &longs;hort, if we well con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ider, and more narrowly examine the effects of the flight of 

<lb/>birds, they differ from the projects &longs;hot or thrown to any part of 

<lb/>the World in nothing, &longs;ave onely that the projects are moved by an 

<lb/>external projicient, and the birds by an internal principle. </s><s>And 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg359"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>here for a final proof of the nullity of all the experiments before 

<lb/>alledged, I conceive it now a time and place convenient to 

<lb/>demon&longs;trate a way how to make an exact trial of them all. 

<lb/></s><s>Shut your &longs;elf up with &longs;ome friend in the grand Cabbin between 

<lb/>the decks of &longs;ome large Ship, and there procure gnats, flies, and 

<lb/>&longs;uch other &longs;mall winged creatures: get al&longs;o a great tub (or 

<lb/>other ve&longs;&longs;el) full of water, and within it put certain fi&longs;hes; let 

<lb/>al&longs;o a certain bottle be hung up, which drop by drop letteth forth 

<lb/>its water into another bottle placed underneath, having a narrow 

<lb/>neck: and, the Ship lying &longs;till, ob&longs;erve diligently how tho&longs;e &longs;mall 

<lb/>winged animals fly with like velocity towards all parts of the Ca&shy;

<lb/>bin; how the fi&longs;hes &longs;wim indifferently towards all &longs;ides; and how 

<lb/>the di&longs;tilling drops all fall into the bottle placed underneath. </s><s>And 

<lb/>ca&longs;ting any thing towards your friend, you need not throw it with 

<lb/>more force one way then another, provided the di&longs;tances be equal: 

<lb/>and leaping, as the &longs;aying is, with your feet clo&longs;ed, you will reach 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/174.jpg" pagenum="166"/>as far one way as another. </s><s>Having ob&longs;erved all the&longs;e particulars, 

<lb/>though no man doubteth that &longs;o long as the ve&longs;&longs;el &longs;tands &longs;till, they 

<lb/>ought to &longs;ucceed in this manner; make the Ship to move with 

<lb/>what velocity you plea&longs;e; for (&longs;o long as the motion is uniforme, 

<lb/>and not fluctuating this way and that way) you &longs;hall not di&longs;cern 

<lb/>any the lea&longs;t alteration in all the forenamed effects; nor can you 

<lb/>gather by any of them whether the Ship doth move or &longs;tand &longs;till. 

<lb/></s><s>In leaping you &longs;hall reach as far upon the floor, as before; nor for 

<lb/>that the Ship moveth &longs;hall you make a greater leap towards the 

<lb/>poop than towards the prow; howbeit in the time that you &longs;taid 

<lb/>in the Air, the floor under your feet &longs;hall have run the contrary way 

<lb/>to that of your jump; and throwing any thing to your companion 

<lb/>you &longs;hall not need to ca&longs;t it with more &longs;trength that it may reach 

<lb/>him, if he &longs;hall be towards the prow, and you towards the poop, 

<lb/>then if you &longs;tood in a contrary &longs;ituation; the drops &longs;hall all di&longs;till 

<lb/>as before into the inferiour bottle and not &longs;o much as one &longs;hall 

<lb/>fall towards the poop, albeit whil'&longs;t the drop is in the Air, the Ship 

<lb/>&longs;hall have run many feet; the Fi&longs;hes in their water &longs;hall not &longs;wim 

<lb/>with more trouble towards the fore-part, than towards the hinder 

<lb/>part of the tub; but &longs;hall with equal velocity make to the bait 

<lb/>placed on any &longs;ide of the tub; and la&longs;tly, the flies and gnats 

<lb/>&longs;hall continue their flight indifferently towards all parts; nor 

<lb/>&longs;hall they ever happen to be driven together towards the &longs;ide of 

<lb/>the Cabbin next the prow, as if they were wearied with fol&shy;

<lb/>lowing the &longs;wift cour&longs;e of the Ship, from which through their 

<lb/>&longs;u&longs;pen&longs;ion in the Air, they had been long &longs;eparated; and if 

<lb/>burning a few graines of incen&longs;e you make a little &longs;moke, 

<lb/>you &longs;hall &longs;ee it a&longs;cend on high, and there in manner of a cloud 

<lb/>&longs;u&longs;pend it &longs;elf, and move indifferently, not inclining more to one 

<lb/>&longs;ide than another: and of this corre&longs;pondence of effects the cau&longs;e 

<lb/>is for that the Ships motion is common to all the things contained 

<lb/>in it, and to the Air al&longs;o; I mean if tho&longs;e things be &longs;hut up in the 

<lb/>Cabbin: but in ca&longs;e tho&longs;e things were above deck in the open Air, 

<lb/>and not obliged to follow the cour&longs;e of the Ship, differences more 

<lb/>or le&longs;&longs;e notable would be ob&longs;erved in &longs;ome of the fore-named ef&shy;

<lb/>fects, and there is no doubt but that the &longs;moke would &longs;tay behind 

<lb/>as much as the Air it &longs;elf; the flies al&longs;o, and the gnats being hin&shy;

<lb/>dered by the Air would not be able to follow the motion of the 

<lb/>Ship, if they were &longs;eparated at any di&longs;tance from it. </s><s>But keeping 

<lb/>neer thereto, becau&longs;e the Ship it &longs;elf as being an unfractuous Fa&shy;

<lb/>brick, carrieth along with it part of its neere&longs;t Air, they would 

<lb/>follow the &longs;aid Ship without any pains or difficulty. </s><s>And for the 

<lb/>like rea&longs;on we &longs;ee &longs;ometimes in riding po&longs;t, that the trouble&longs;ome 

<lb/>flies and ^{*} hornets do follow the hor&longs;es flying &longs;ometimes to one, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg360"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;ometimes to another part of the body, but in the falling drops 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/175.jpg" pagenum="167"/>the difference would be very &longs;mall; and in the &longs;alts, and projecti&shy;

<lb/>ons of grave bodies altogether imperceptible.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg358"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer to 

<lb/>the argument ta&shy;

<lb/>ken from the flight 

<lb/>of birds contrary 

<lb/>to the motion of the 

<lb/>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg359"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An experiment 

<lb/>with which alone 

<lb/>is &longs;hewn the nullity 

<lb/>of all the objecti&shy;

<lb/>ons produced a&shy;

<lb/>gainst the motion 

<lb/>of the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg360"></margin.target>* Tafaris, <emph type="italics"/>bor&longs;e&shy;

<lb/>flyes.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Though it came not into my thoughts to make triall of 

<lb/>the&longs;e ob&longs;ervations, when I was at Sea, yet am I confident that they 

<lb/>will &longs;ucceed in the &longs;ame manner, as you have related; in confirma&shy;

<lb/>tion of which I remember that being in my Cabbin I have asked 

<lb/>an hundred times whether the Ship moved or &longs;tood &longs;till; and 

<lb/>&longs;ometimes I have imagined that it moved one way, when it &longs;teered 

<lb/>quite another way. </s><s>I am therefore as hitherto &longs;atisfied and con&shy;

<lb/>vinced of the nullity of all tho&longs;e experiments that have been pro&shy;

<lb/>duced in proof of the negative part. </s><s>There now remains the ob&shy;

<lb/>jection founded upon that which experience &longs;hews us, namely, that 

<lb/>a &longs;wift <emph type="italics"/>Vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> or whirling about hath a faculty to extrude and 

<lb/>di&longs;per&longs;e the matters adherent to the machine that turns round; 

<lb/>whereupon many were of opinion, and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> among&longs;t the re&longs;t, 

<lb/>that if the Earth &longs;hould turn round with &longs;o great velocity, the 

<lb/>&longs;tones and creatures upon it &longs;hould be to&longs;t into the Skie, and 

<lb/>that there could not be a morter &longs;trong enough to fa&longs;ten buildings 

<lb/>&longs;o to their foundations, but that they would likewi&longs;e &longs;uffer a like 

<lb/>extru&longs;ion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Before I come to an&longs;wer this objection, I cannot but 

<lb/>take notice of that which I have an hundred times ob&longs;erved, and 

<lb/>not without laughter, to come into the minds of mo&longs;t men &longs;o &longs;oon 

<lb/>as ever they hear mention made of this motion of the Earth, which 

<lb/>is believed by them &longs;o fixt and immoveable, that they not only ne&shy;

<lb/>ver doubted of that re&longs;t, but have ever &longs;trongly believed that all 

<lb/>other men a&longs;well as they, have held it to be created immoveable, 

<lb/>and &longs;o to have continued through all &longs;ucceeding ages: and being 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg361"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;etled in this per&longs;wa&longs;ion, they &longs;tand amazed to hear that any one 

<lb/>&longs;hould grant it motion, as if, after that he had held it to be immo&shy;

<lb/>veable, he had fondly thought it to commence its motion then 

<lb/>(and not till then) when <emph type="italics"/>Pythagoras<emph.end type="italics"/> (or whoever el&longs;e was the fir&longs;t 

<lb/>hinter of its mobility) &longs;aid that it did move. </s><s>Now that &longs;uch a foo&shy;

<lb/>li&longs;h conceit (I mean of thinking that tho&longs;e who admit the motion 

<lb/>of the Earth, have fir&longs;t thought it to &longs;tand &longs;till from its creation, 

<lb/>untill the time of <emph type="italics"/>Pythagoras,<emph.end type="italics"/> and have onely made it moveable 

<lb/>after that <emph type="italics"/>Pythagor as<emph.end type="italics"/> e&longs;teemed it &longs;o) findeth a place in the mindes 

<lb/>of the vulgar, and men of &longs;hallow capacities, I do not much won&shy;

<lb/>der; but that &longs;uch per&longs;ons as <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hould al&longs;o 

<lb/>run into this childi&longs;h mi&longs;take, is to my thinking a more admirable 

<lb/>and unpardonable folly.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg361"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;tupidity of 

<lb/>&longs;ome that think the 

<lb/>Earth to have be&shy;

<lb/>gun to move, when<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Pythagoras <emph type="italics"/>began 

<lb/>to affirme that it 

<lb/>did &longs;o.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You believe then, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> thought, that 

<lb/>in his Di&longs;putation he was to maintain the &longs;tability of the Earth 

<lb/>again&longs;t &longs;uch per&longs;ons, as granting it to have been immoveable, un&shy;

<lb/>till the time of <emph type="italics"/>Pythagoras,<emph.end type="italics"/> did affirm it to have been but then 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/176.jpg" pagenum="168"/>made moveable, when the &longs;aid <emph type="italics"/>Pythagoras<emph.end type="italics"/> a&longs;cribed unto it mo&shy;

<lb/>tion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We can think no other, if we do but con&longs;ider the way 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg362"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>he taketh to confute their a&longs;&longs;ertion; the confutation of which 

<lb/>con&longs;i&longs;ts in the demolition of buildings, and the to&longs;&longs;ing of &longs;tones, 

<lb/>living creatures and men them&longs;elves up into the Air. </s><s>And be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e &longs;uch overthrows and extru&longs;ions cannot be made upon buil&shy;

<lb/>dings and men, which were not before on the Earth, nor can men 

<lb/>be placed, nor buildings erected upon the Earth, unle&longs;&longs;e when it 

<lb/>&longs;tandeth &longs;till; hence therefore it is cleer, that <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> argueth a&shy;

<lb/>gain&longs;t tho&longs;e, who having granted the &longs;tability of the Earth for 

<lb/>&longs;ome time, that is, &longs;o long as living creatures, &longs;tones, and Ma&longs;ons 

<lb/>were able to abide there, and to build Palaces and Cities, make it 

<lb/>afterwards precipitately moveable to the overthrow and de&longs;tructi&shy;

<lb/>of Edifices, and living creatures, &amp;c. </s><s>For if he had undertook to 

<lb/>di&longs;pute again&longs;t &longs;uch as had a&longs;cribed that revolution to the Earth 

<lb/>from its fir&longs;t creation, he would have confuted them by &longs;aying, 

<lb/>that if the Earth had alwayes moved, there could never have been 

<lb/>placed upon it either men or &longs;tones; much le&longs;s could buildings 

<lb/>have been erected, or Cities founded, &amp;c.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg362"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Ptolomy <emph type="italics"/>&longs;eem to 

<lb/>confute the mobili&shy;

<lb/>ty of the Earth a&shy;

<lb/>gain&longs;t tho&longs;e who 

<lb/>thought that it ha&shy;

<lb/>ving a long time 

<lb/>&longs;tood still, did be&shy;

<lb/>gin to move in the 

<lb/>time of<emph.end type="italics"/> Pythagoras</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I do not well conceive the&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totelick<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolo&shy;

<lb/>maick<emph.end type="italics"/> inconveniences.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"/> either argueth again&longs;t tho&longs;e who have e&longs;teem&shy;

<lb/>ed the Earth always moveable; or again&longs;t &longs;uch as have held that 

<lb/>it &longs;tood for &longs;ome time &longs;till, and hath &longs;ince been &longs;et on moving. 

<lb/></s><s>If again&longs;t the fir&longs;t, he ought to &longs;ay, that the Earth did not always 

<lb/>move, for that then there would never have been men, animals, or 

<lb/>edifices on the Earth, its <emph type="italics"/>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> not permitting them to &longs;tay 

<lb/>thereon. </s><s>But in that he arguing, &longs;aith that the Earth doth not 

<lb/>move, becau&longs;e that bea&longs;ts, men, and hou&longs;es before plac'd on the 

<lb/>Earth would precipitate, he &longs;uppo&longs;eth the Earth to have been once 

<lb/>in &longs;uch a &longs;tate, as that it did admit men and bea&longs;ts to &longs;tay, and 

<lb/>build thereon; the which draweth on the con&longs;equence, that it 

<lb/>did for &longs;ome time &longs;tand &longs;till, to wit, was apt for the abode of a&shy;

<lb/>nimals and erection of buildings. </s><s>Do you now conceive what I 

<lb/>would &longs;ay?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I do, and I do not: but this little importeth to the 

<lb/>merit of the cau&longs;e; nor can a &longs;mall mi&longs;take of <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomey,<emph.end type="italics"/> com&shy;

<lb/>mitted through inadvertencie be &longs;ufficient to move the Earth, 

<lb/>when it is immoveable. </s><s>But omitting cavils, let us come to the 

<lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tance of the argument, which to me &longs;eems unan&longs;werable.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And I, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> will drive it home, and re-inforce it, 

<lb/>by &longs;hewing yet more &longs;en&longs;ibly, that it is true that grave bodies 

<lb/>turn'd with velocity about a &longs;ettled centre, do acquire an <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>of moving, and receding to a di&longs;tance from that centre, even 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/177.jpg" pagenum="169"/>then when they are in a &longs;tate of having a propen&longs;ion of moving 

<lb/>naturally to the &longs;ame. </s><s>Tie a bottle that hath water in it, to 

<lb/>the end of a cord, and holding the other end fa&longs;t in your hand, 

<lb/>and making the cord and your arm the &longs;emi-diameter, and the 

<lb/>knitting of the &longs;houlder the centre, &longs;wing the bottle very fa&longs;t a&shy;

<lb/>bout, &longs;o as that it may de&longs;cribe the circumference of a circle, 

<lb/>which, whether it be parallel to the Horizon, or perpendicular to 

<lb/>it, or any way inclined, it &longs;hall in all ca&longs;es follow, that the wa&shy;

<lb/>ter will not fall out of the bottle: nay, he that &longs;hall &longs;wing it, 

<lb/>&longs;hall find the cord always draw, and &longs;trive to go farther from the 

<lb/>&longs;houlder. </s><s>And if you bore a hole in the bottom of the bottle, 

<lb/>you &longs;hall &longs;ee the water &longs;pout forth no le&longs;s upwards into the skie, 

<lb/>than laterally, and downwards to the Earth; and if in&longs;tead of wa&shy;

<lb/>ter, you &longs;hall put little pebble &longs;tones into the bottle, and &longs;wing it 

<lb/>in the &longs;ame manner, you &longs;hall find that they will &longs;trive in the like 

<lb/>manner again&longs;t the cord. </s><s>And la&longs;tly, we &longs;ee boys throw &longs;tones 

<lb/>a great way, by &longs;winging round a piece of a &longs;tick, at the end of 

<lb/>which the &longs;tone is let into a &longs;lit <emph type="italics"/>(which &longs;tick is called by them a 

<lb/>&longs;ling;)<emph.end type="italics"/> all which are arguments of the truth of the conclu&longs;ion, 

<lb/>to wit, that the <emph type="italics"/>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> or &longs;wing conferreth upon the moveable, 

<lb/>a motion towards the circumference, in ca&longs;e the motion be &longs;wift: 

<lb/>and therefore if the Earth revolve about its own centre, the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the &longs;uperficies, and e&longs;pecially towards the great circle, 

<lb/>as being incomparably more &longs;wift than tho&longs;e before named, ought 

<lb/>to extrude all things up into the air.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The Argument &longs;eemeth to me very well proved and 

<lb/>inforced; and I believe it would be an hard matter to an&longs;wer and 

<lb/>overthrow it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Its &longs;olution dependeth upon certain notions no le&longs;s 

<lb/>known and believed by you, than by my &longs;elf: but becau&longs;e they 

<lb/>come not into your mind, therefore it is that you perceive not the 

<lb/>an&longs;wer; wherefore, without telling you it (for that you know the 

<lb/>&longs;ame already) I &longs;hall with onely a&longs;&longs;i&longs;ting your memory, make you 

<lb/>to refute this argument.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I have often thought of your way of arguing, which 

<lb/>hath made me almo&longs;t think that you lean to that opinion of <emph type="italics"/>Pla-<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg363"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>to, Qu&ograve;d no&longs;trum &longs;cire &longs;it quoddam remini&longs;ci<emph.end type="italics"/>; therefore I intreat 

<lb/>you to free me from this doubt, by letting me know your judg&shy;

<lb/>ment.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg363"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Our krowledg is 

<lb/>a kind of remini&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cence according to<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Plato.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>What I think of the opinion of <emph type="italics"/>Plato,<emph.end type="italics"/> you may gather 

<lb/>from my words and actions. </s><s>I have already in the precedent con&shy;

<lb/>ferences expre&longs;ly declared my &longs;elf more than once; I will pur&longs;ue 

<lb/>the &longs;ame &longs;tyle in the pre&longs;ent ca&longs;e, which may hereafter &longs;erve you 

<lb/>for an example, thereby the more ea&longs;ily to gather what my opi&shy;

<lb/>nion is touching the attainment of knowledg, when a time &longs;hall 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/178.jpg" pagenum="170"/>offer upon &longs;ome other day: but I would not have <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/> of&shy;

<lb/>fended at this digre&longs;&longs;ion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am rather very much plea&longs;ed with it, for that I re&shy;

<lb/>member that when I &longs;tudied Logick, I could never comprehend that 

<lb/>&longs;o much cry'd up and mo&longs;t potent demon&longs;tration of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Let us go on therefore; and let <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> tell me 

<lb/>what that motion is which the &longs;tone maketh that is held fa&longs;t in the 

<lb/>&longs;lit of the &longs;ling, when the boy &longs;wings it about to throw it a great 

<lb/>way?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The motion of the &longs;tone, &longs;o long as it is in the &longs;lit, is 

<lb/>circular, that is, moveth by the arch of a circle, who&longs;e &longs;tedfa&longs;t 

<lb/>centre is the knitting of the &longs;houlder, and its &longs;emi-diameter the arm 

<lb/>and &longs;tick.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And when the &longs;tone leaveth the &longs;ling, what is its mo&shy;

<lb/>tion? </s><s>Doth it continue to follow its former circle, or doth it go 

<lb/>by another line?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It will continue no longer to &longs;wing round, for then it 

<lb/>would not go farther from the arm of the projicient, whereas 

<lb/>we &longs;ee it go a great way off.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>With what motion doth it move then?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Give me a little time to think thereof; For I have ne&shy;

<lb/>ver con&longs;idered it before.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Hark hither, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/>; this is the <emph type="italics"/>Quoddam remini&longs;ci<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>in a &longs;ubject well under&longs;tood. </s><s>You have pau&longs;ed a great while, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>As far as I can &longs;ee, the motion received in going out of 

<lb/>the &longs;ling, can be no other than by a right line; nay, it mu&longs;t ne&shy;

<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;arily be &longs;o, if we &longs;peak of the pure adventitious <emph type="italics"/>impetus.<emph.end type="italics"/> I 

<lb/>was a little puzled to &longs;ee it make an arch, but becau&longs;e that arch 

<lb/>bended all the way upwards, and no other way, I conceive that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg364"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that incurvation cometh from the gravity of the &longs;tone, which na&shy;

<lb/>turally draweth it downwards. </s><s>The impre&longs;&longs;ed <emph type="italics"/>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"/> I &longs;ay, 

<lb/>without re&longs;pecting the natural, is by a right line.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg364"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motion im&shy;

<lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ed by the pro&shy;

<lb/>jicient is onely by a 

<lb/>right line.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But by what right line? </s><s>Becau&longs;e infinite, and towards 

<lb/>every &longs;ide may be produced from the &longs;lit of the &longs;ling, and from the 

<lb/>point of the &longs;tones &longs;eparation from the &longs;ling.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It moveth by that line which goeth directly from the 

<lb/>motion which the &longs;tone made in the &longs;ling.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The motion of the &longs;tone whil&longs;t it was in the &longs;lit, you 

<lb/>have affirmed already to be circular; now circularity oppo&longs;eth 

<lb/>directne&longs;s, there not being in the circular line any part that is di&shy;

<lb/>rect or &longs;treight.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP I mean not that the projected motion is direct in re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;pect of the whole circle, but in reference to that ultimate point, 

<lb/>where the circular motion determineth. </s><s>I know what I would 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/179.jpg" pagenum="171"/>&longs;ay, but do not well know how to expre&longs;s my &longs;elf.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And I al&longs;o perceive that you under&longs;tand the bu&longs;ine&longs;s, 

<lb/>but that you have not the proper terms, wherewith to expre&longs;s the 

<lb/>&longs;ame. </s><s>Now the&longs;e I can ea&longs;ily teach you; teach you, that is, as 

<lb/>to the words, but not as to the truths, which are things. </s><s>And that 

<lb/>you may plainly &longs;ee that you know the thing I ask you, and onely 

<lb/>want language to expre&longs;s it, tell me, when you &longs;hoot a bullet out 

<lb/>of a gun, towards what part is it, that its acquired <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> carri&shy;

<lb/>eth it?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Its acquired <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> carrieth it in a right line, which 

<lb/>continueth the rectitude of the barrel, that is, which inclineth nei&shy;

<lb/>ther to the right hand nor to the left, nor upwards not down&shy;

<lb/>wards.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Which in &longs;hort is a&longs;much as to &longs;ay, it maketh no angle 

<lb/>with the line of &longs;treight motion made by the &longs;ling.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>So I would have &longs;aid.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If then the line of the projects motion be to continue 

<lb/>without making an angle upon the circular line de&longs;cribed by it, 

<lb/>whil&longs;t it was with the projicient; and if from this circular motion it 

<lb/>ought to pa&longs;s to the right motion, what ought this right line to be?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It mu&longs;t needs be that which toucheth the circle in the 

<lb/>point of &longs;eparation, for that all others, in my opinion, being pro&shy;

<lb/>longed would inter&longs;ect the circumference, and by that means make 

<lb/>&longs;ome angle therewith.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You have argued very well, and &longs;hewn your &longs;elf half a 

<lb/>Geometrician. </s><s>Keep in mind therefore, that your true opinion 

<lb/>is expre&longs;t in the&longs;e words, namely, That the project acquireth an 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> of moving by the Tangent, the arch de&longs;cribed by the 

<lb/>motion of the projicient, in the point of the &longs;aid projects &longs;epara&shy;

<lb/>tion from the projicient.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I under&longs;tand you very well, and this is that which I 

<lb/>would &longs;ay.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Of a right line which toucheth a circle, which of its 

<lb/>points is the neare&longs;t to the centre of that circle?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>That of the contact without doubt: for that is in the 

<lb/>circumference of a circle, and the re&longs;t without: and the points of 

<lb/>the circumference are all equidi&longs;tant from the centre.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore a moveable departing from the contact, and 

<lb/>moving by the &longs;treight Tangent, goeth continually farther and 

<lb/>farther from the contact, and al&longs;o from the centre of the circle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It doth &longs;o doubtle&longs;s.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now if you have kept in mind the propo&longs;itions, which 

<lb/>you have told me, lay them together, and tell me what you gather 

<lb/>from them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think I am not &longs;o forgetful, but that I do remember 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/180.jpg" pagenum="172"/><arrow.to.target n="marg365"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>them. </s><s>From the things premi&longs;ed I gather that the project &longs;wiftly 

<lb/>&longs;winged round by the projicient, in its &longs;eparating from it, doth re&shy;

<lb/>tain an <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> of continuing its motion by the right line, which 

<lb/>toucheth the circle de&longs;cribed by the motion of the projicient in 

<lb/>the point of &longs;eparation, by which motion the project goeth con&shy;

<lb/>tinually receding from the centre of the circle de&longs;cribed by the 

<lb/>motion of the projicient.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg365"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The project mo&shy;

<lb/>veth by the Tan&shy;

<lb/>gent of the circle of 

<lb/>the motion prece&shy;

<lb/>dent in the point of 

<lb/>&longs;eparation.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You know then by this time the rea&longs;on why grave bo&shy;

<lb/>dies &longs;ticking to the rim of a wheele, &longs;wiftly moved, are extruded 

<lb/>and thrown beyond the circumference to yet a farther di&longs;tance 

<lb/>from the centre.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think I under&longs;tand this very well; but this new know&shy;

<lb/>ledg rather increa&longs;eth than le&longs;&longs;eneth my incredulity that the Earth 

<lb/>can turn round with &longs;o great velocity, without extruding up into 

<lb/>the sky, &longs;tones, animals, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In the &longs;ame manner that you have under&longs;tood all this, 

<lb/>you &longs;hall, nay you do under&longs;tand the re&longs;t: and with recollecting 

<lb/>your &longs;elf, you may remember the &longs;ame without the help of o&shy;

<lb/>thers: but that we may lo&longs;e no time, I will help your memory 

<lb/>therein. </s><s>You do already know of your &longs;elf, that the circular mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the projicient impre&longs;&longs;eth on the project an <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> of mo&shy;

<lb/>ving (when they come to &longs;eparate) by the right Tangent, the 

<lb/>circle of the motion in the point of &longs;eparation, and continuing a&shy;

<lb/>long by the &longs;ame the motion ever goeth receding farther and far&shy;

<lb/>ther from the projicient: and you have &longs;aid, that the project 

<lb/>would continue to move along by that right line, if there were not 

<lb/>by its proper weight an inclination of de&longs;cent added unto it; from 

<lb/>which the incurvation of the line of motion is derived. </s><s>It &longs;eems 

<lb/>moreover that you knew of your &longs;elf, that this incurvation al&shy;

<lb/>ways bended towards the centre of the Earth, for thither do all 

<lb/>grave bodies tend. </s><s>Now I proceed a little farther, and ask you, whe&shy;

<lb/>ther the moveable after its &longs;eparation, in continuing the right mo&shy;

<lb/>tion goeth always equally receding from the centre, or if you will, 

<lb/>from the circumference of that circle, of which the precedent mo&shy;

<lb/>tion was a part; which is as much as to &longs;ay, Whether a moveable, 

<lb/>that for&longs;aking the point of a Tangent, and moving along by the 

<lb/>&longs;aid Tangent, doth equally recede from the point of contact, and 

<lb/>from the circumference of the circle?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. No, Sir: for the Tangent near to the point of contact, 

<lb/>recedeth very little from the circumference, wherewith it keepeth 

<lb/>a very narrow angle, but in its going farther and farther 

<lb/>off, the di&longs;tance always encrea&longs;eth with a greater proportion; &longs;o 

<lb/>that in a circle that &longs;hould have <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> ten yards of diameter, a point 

<lb/>of the Tangent that was di&longs;tant from the contact but two palms, 

<lb/>would be three or four times as far di&longs;tant from the circumference 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/181.jpg" pagenum="173"/>of the circle, as a point that was di&longs;tant from the contaction one 

<lb/>palm, and the point that was di&longs;tant half a palm, I likewi&longs;e believe 

<lb/>would &longs;car&longs;e recede the fourth part of the di&longs;tance of the &longs;econd: 

<lb/>fo that within an inch or two of the contact, the &longs;eparation of the 

<lb/>Tangent from the circumference is &longs;car&longs;e di&longs;cernable.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that the rece&longs;&longs;ion of the project from the circumfe&shy;

<lb/>rence of the precedent circular motion is very &longs;mall in the begin&shy;

<lb/>ing?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Almo&longs;t in&longs;en&longs;ible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now tell me a little; the project, which from the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the projicient receiveth an <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> of moving along the 

<lb/>Tangent in a right line, and that would keep unto the &longs;ame, did 

<lb/>not its own weight depre&longs;s it downwards, how long is it after the 

<lb/>&longs;eparation, ere it begin to decline downwards.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe that it beginneth pre&longs;ently; for it not ha&shy;

<lb/>ving any thing to uphold it, its proper gravity cannot but ope&shy;

<lb/>rate.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg366"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg366"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A grave project, 

<lb/>as &longs;oon as it is &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>parated from the 

<lb/>projicient begineth 

<lb/>to decline.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that, if that &longs;ame &longs;tone, which being extruded from 

<lb/>that wheel turn'd about very fa&longs;t, had as great a natural propen&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ion of moving towards the centre of the &longs;aid wheel, as it hath to 

<lb/>move towards the centre of the Earth, it would be an ea&longs;ie mat&shy;

<lb/>ter for it to return unto the wheel, or rather not to depart from it; 

<lb/>in regard that upon the begining of the &longs;eparation, the rece&longs;&longs;ion be&shy;

<lb/>ing &longs;o &longs;inall, by rea&longs;on of the infinite acutene&longs;s of the angle of 

<lb/>contact, every very little of inclination that draweth it back to&shy;

<lb/>wards the centie of the wheel, would be &longs;ufficient to retain it up&shy;

<lb/>on the rim or circumference.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I que&longs;tion not, but that if one &longs;uppo&longs;e that which nei&shy;

<lb/>ther is, nor can be, to wit, that the inclination of tho&longs;e grave bo&shy;

<lb/>dies was to go towards the centre of the wheel, they would never 

<lb/>come to be extruded or &longs;haken off.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But I neither do, nor need to &longs;uppo&longs;e that which is not; 

<lb/>for I will not deny but that the &longs;tones are extruded. </s><s>Yet I &longs;peak 

<lb/>this by way of &longs;uppo&longs;ition, to the end that you might grant me 

<lb/>the re&longs;t. </s><s>Now fancy to your &longs;elf, that the Earth is that great 

<lb/>wheel, which moved with &longs;o great velocity is to extrude the &longs;tones. 

<lb/></s><s>You could tell me very well even now, that the motion of proje&shy;

<lb/>ction ought to be by that right line which toucheth the Earth in 

<lb/>the point of &longs;eparation: and this Tangent, how doth it notably 

<lb/>recede from the &longs;uperficies of the Terre&longs;trial Globe?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe, that in a thou&longs;and yards, it will not recede 

<lb/>from the Earth an inch.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And did you not &longs;ay, that the project being drawn by 

<lb/>its own weight, declineth from the Tangent towards the centre of 

<lb/>the Earth?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/182.jpg" pagenum="174"/><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I &longs;aid &longs;o, and al&longs;o confe&longs;&longs;e the re&longs;t: and do now plainly 

<lb/>under&longs;tand that the &longs;tone will not &longs;eparate from the Earth, for 

<lb/>that its rece&longs;&longs;ion in the beginning would be &longs;uch, and &longs;o &longs;mall, 

<lb/>that it is a thou&longs;and times exceeded by the inclination which the 

<lb/>&longs;tone hath to move towards the centre of the Earth, which cen&shy;

<lb/>tre in this ca&longs;e is al&longs;o the centre of the wheel. </s><s>And indeed it mu&longs;t 

<lb/>be confe&longs;&longs;ed that the &longs;tones, the living creatures, and the other 

<lb/>grave bodies cannot be extruded; but here again the lighter things 

<lb/>beget in me a new doubt, they having but a very weak propen&longs;ion 

<lb/>of de&longs;cent towards the centre; &longs;o that there being wanting in 

<lb/>them that faculty of withdrawing from the &longs;uperficies, I &longs;ee not, 

<lb/>but that they may be extruded; and you know the rule, that <emph type="italics"/>ad 

<lb/>de&longs;truendum &longs;ufficit unum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAVL. </s><s>We will al&longs;o give you &longs;atisfaction in this. </s><s>Tell me 

<lb/>therefore in the fir&longs;t place, what you under&longs;tand by light matters, 

<lb/>that is, whether you thereby mean things really &longs;o light, as that 

<lb/>they go upwards, or el&longs;e not ab&longs;olutely light, but of &longs;o &longs;mall gra&shy;

<lb/>vity, that though they de&longs;cend downwards, it is but very &longs;lowly; 

<lb/>for if you mean the ab&longs;olutely light, I will be readier than your 

<lb/>&longs;elf to admit their extru&longs;ion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I &longs;peak of the other &longs;ort, &longs;uch as are feathers, wool, cot&shy;

<lb/>ton, and the like; to lift up which every &longs;mall force &longs;ufficeth: 

<lb/>yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e we &longs;ee they re&longs;t on the Earth very quietly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This pen, as it hath a natural propen&longs;ion to de&longs;cend to&shy;

<lb/>wards the &longs;uperficies of the Earth, though it be very &longs;mall, yet I 

<lb/>mu&longs;t tell you that it &longs;ufficeth to keep it from mounting upwards: 

<lb/>and this again is not unknown to you your &longs;elf; therefore tell me 

<lb/>if the pen were extruded by the <emph type="italics"/>Vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> of the Earth, by what 

<lb/>line would it move?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>By the tangent in the point of &longs;eparation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And when it &longs;hould be to return, and re-unite it &longs;elf to 

<lb/>the Earth, by what line would it then move?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>By that which goeth from it to the centre of the 

<lb/>Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So then here falls under our con&longs;ideration two moti&shy;

<lb/>ons; one the motion of projection, which beginneth from the 

<lb/>point of contact, and proceedeth along the tangent; and the o&shy;

<lb/>ther the motion of inclination downwards, which beginneth from 

<lb/>the project it &longs;elf, and goeth by the &longs;ecant towards the centre; and 

<lb/>if you de&longs;ire that the projection follow, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that the <emph type="italics"/>im&shy;

<lb/>petus<emph.end type="italics"/> by the tangent overcome the inclination by the &longs;ecant: is it 

<lb/>not &longs;o?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>So it &longs;eemeth to me.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But what is it that you think nece&longs;&longs;ary in the motion 

<lb/>of the projicient, to make that it may prevail over that inclina&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/183.jpg" pagenum="175"/>tion, from which en&longs;ueth the &longs;eparation and elongation of the 

<lb/>pen from the Earth?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I cannot tell.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. How, do you not know that? </s><s>The moveable is here 

<lb/>the &longs;ame, that is, the &longs;ame pen; now how can the &longs;ame moveable 

<lb/>&longs;uperate and exceed it &longs;elf in motion?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I do not &longs;ee how it can overcome or yield to it &longs;elf in 

<lb/>motion, unle&longs;&longs;e by moving one while fa&longs;ter, and another while 

<lb/>&longs;lower.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You &longs;ee then, that you do know it. </s><s>If therefore the 

<lb/>projection of the pen ought to follow, and its motion by the tan&shy;

<lb/>gent be to overcome its motion by the &longs;ecant, what is it requi&longs;ite 

<lb/>that their velocities &longs;hould be?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It is requi&longs;ite that the motion by the tangent be greater 

<lb/>than that other by the &longs;ecant. </s><s>But wretch that I am! Is it not 

<lb/>only many thou&longs;and times greater than the de&longs;cending motion of 

<lb/>the pen, but than that of the &longs;tone? </s><s>And yet like a &longs;imple fellow 

<lb/>I had &longs;uffered my &longs;elf to be per&longs;waded, that &longs;tones could not be 

<lb/>extruded by the revolution of the Earth. </s><s>I do therefore revoke 

<lb/>my former &longs;entence, and &longs;ay, that if the Earth &longs;hould move, 

<lb/>&longs;tones, Elephants, Towers, and whole Cities would of nece&longs;&longs;ity be 

<lb/>to&longs;t up into the Air; and becau&longs;e that that doth not evene, I con&shy;

<lb/>clude that the Earth doth not move.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Softly <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> you go on &longs;o fa&longs;t, that I begin to be 

<lb/>more afraid for you, than for the pen. </s><s>Re&longs;t a little, and ob&longs;erve what 

<lb/>I am going to &longs;peap. </s><s>If for the reteining of the &longs;tone or pen an&shy;

<lb/>nexed to the Earths &longs;urface it were nece&longs;&longs;ary that its motion of 

<lb/>de&longs;cent were greater, or as much as the motion made by the tan&shy;

<lb/>gent; you would have had rea&longs;on to &longs;ay, that it ought of nece&longs;&longs;ity 

<lb/>to move as fa&longs;t, or fa&longs;ter by the &longs;ecant downwards, than by the 

<lb/>tangent Ea&longs;twards: But did not you tell me even now, that a 

<lb/>thou&longs;and yards of di&longs;tance by the tangent from the contact, do 

<lb/>remove hardly an inch from the circumference? </s><s>It is not &longs;uffici&shy;

<lb/>ent therefore that the motion by the tangent, which is the &longs;ame 

<lb/>with that of the diurnall <emph type="italics"/>Vertigo,<emph.end type="italics"/> (or ha&longs;ty revolution) be fimply 

<lb/>more &longs;wift than the motion by the &longs;ecant, which is the &longs;ame with 

<lb/>that of the pen in de&longs;cending; but it is requi&longs;ite that the &longs;ame be 

<lb/>&longs;o much more &longs;wift as that the time which &longs;ufficeth for the pen 

<lb/>to move <emph type="italics"/>v.g.<emph.end type="italics"/> a thou&longs;and yards by the tangent, be in&longs;ufficient for 

<lb/>it to move one &longs;ole inch by the &longs;ecant. </s><s>The which I tell you &longs;hall 

<lb/>never be, though you &longs;hould make that motion never &longs;o &longs;wift, 

<lb/>and this never &longs;o &longs;low.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>And why might not that by the tangent be &longs;o &longs;wift, as 

<lb/>not to give the pen time to return to the &longs;urface of the Earth?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Try whether you can &longs;tate the ca&longs;e in proper termes, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/184.jpg" pagenum="176"/>and I will give you an an&longs;wer. </s><s>Tell me therefore, how much do 

<lb/>you think &longs;ufficeth to make that motion &longs;wifter than this?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will &longs;ay for example, that if that motion by the tan&shy;

<lb/>gent were a million of times &longs;wifter than this by the &longs;ecant, the 

<lb/>pen, yea, and the &longs;tone al&longs;o would come to be extruded.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You &longs;ay &longs;o, and &longs;ay that which is fal&longs;e, onely for 

<lb/>want, not of Logick, Phy&longs;icks, or Metaphy&longs;icks, but of Geome&shy;

<lb/>try; for if you did but under&longs;tand its fir&longs;t elements, you would 

<lb/>know, that from the centre of a circle a right line may be drawn 

<lb/>to meet the tangent, which inter&longs;ecteth it in &longs;uch a manner, that 

<lb/>the part of the tangent between the contact and the &longs;ecant, may 

<lb/>be one, two, or three millions of times greater than that part of 

<lb/>the &longs;ecant which lieth between the tangent and the circumference, 

<lb/>and that the neerer and neerer the &longs;ecant &longs;hall be to the contact, 

<lb/>this proportion &longs;hall grow greater and greater <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum<emph.end type="italics"/>; &longs;o 

<lb/>that it need not be feared, though the <emph type="italics"/>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> be &longs;wift, and the 

<lb/>motion downwards &longs;low, that the pen or other lighter matter can 

<lb/>begin to ri&longs;e upwards, for that the inclination downwards always 

<lb/>exceedeth the velocity of the projection.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I do not perfectly apprehend this bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will give you a mo&longs;t univer&longs;al yet very ea&longs;ie demon&shy;</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg367"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;tration thereof. </s><s>Let a proportion be given between B A [<emph type="italics"/>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>3.] and C: And let B A be greater than C at plea&longs;ure. </s><s>And let 

<lb/>there be de&longs;cribed a circle, who&longs;e centre is D. </s><s>From which it is 

<lb/>required to draw a &longs;ecant, in &longs;uch manner, that the tangent may 

<lb/>be in proportion to the &longs;aid &longs;ecant, as B A to C. </s><s>Let A I be 

<lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;ed a third proportional to B A and C. </s><s>And as B I is to 

<lb/>I A, &longs;o let the diameter F E be to E G; and from the point G, 

<lb/>let there be drawn the tangent G H. </s><s>I &longs;ay that all this is done as 

<lb/>was required; and as B A is to C, &longs;o is H G to G E. </s><s>And in re&shy;

<lb/>gard that as B I is to I A, &longs;o is F E to E G; therefore by compo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ition, as B A is to A I; &longs;o &longs;hall F G be to G E. </s><s>And becau&longs;e C 

<lb/>is the middle proportion between <emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/> A and A I; and G H is a 

<lb/>middle term between F G and G E; therefore, as B A is to C, 

<lb/>&longs;o &longs;hall F G be to G H; that is H G to G E, which was to be 

<lb/>demon&longs;trated.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg367"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A geometrical 

<lb/>demon&longs;tration to 

<lb/>prove the impo&longs;&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>bility of extru&longs;ion 

<lb/>by means of the 

<lb/>terre&longs;trial<emph.end type="italics"/> vertigo.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I apprehend this demon&longs;tration; yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e, I 

<lb/>am not left wholly without h&aelig;&longs;itation; for I find certain confu&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ed &longs;cruples role to and again in my mind, which like thick and 

<lb/>dark clouds, permit me not to di&longs;cern the cleerne&longs;&longs;e and nece&longs;&longs;ity 

<lb/>of the conclu&longs;ion with that per&longs;picuity, which is u&longs;ual in Mathe&shy;

<lb/>matical Demon&longs;trations. </s><s>And that which I &longs;tick at is this. </s><s>It is 

<lb/>true that the &longs;paces between the tangent and the circumference do 

<lb/>gradually dimini&longs;h <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum<emph.end type="italics"/> towards the contact; but it is al&longs;o 

<lb/>true on the contrary, that the propen&longs;ion of the moveable to 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/185.jpg" pagenum="177"/>de&longs;cending groweth le&longs;s &amp; le&longs;s in it, the nearer it is to the fir&longs;t term 

<lb/>of its de&longs;cent; that is, to the &longs;tate of re&longs;t; as is manife&longs;t from that 

<lb/>which you declare unto us, demon&longs;trating that the de&longs;cending grave 

<lb/>body departing from re&longs;t, ought to pa&longs;&longs;e thorow all the degrees of 

<lb/>tardity comprehended between the &longs;aid re&longs;t, &amp; any a&longs;&longs;igned degree 

<lb/>of velocity, the which grow le&longs;s and le&longs;s <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum.<emph.end type="italics"/> To which may 

<lb/>be added, that the &longs;aid velocity and propen&longs;ion to motion, doth for 

<lb/>another rea&longs;on dimini&longs;h to infinity; and it is becau&longs;e the gravity of 

<lb/>the &longs;aid moveable may infinitely dimini&longs;h. </s><s>So that the cau&longs;es which 

<lb/>dimini&longs;h the propen&longs;ion of a&longs;cending, and con&longs;equently favour 

<lb/>the projection, are two; that is, the levity of the moveable, and its 

<lb/>vicinity to the &longs;tate of re&longs;t; both which are augmentable <emph type="italics"/>in infinit.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and the&longs;e two on the contrary being to contract but with one &longs;ole 

<lb/>cau&longs;e of making the projection, I cannot conceive how it alone, al&shy;

<lb/>though it al&longs;o do admit of infinite augmentation, &longs;hould be able to 

<lb/>remain invincible again&longs;t the union &amp; confederacy of the others, w^{ch} 

<lb/>are two, and are in like manner capable of infinite augmentation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is a doubt worthy of <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/>; and to explain it &longs;o as 

<lb/>that we may more cleerly apprehend it, for that you &longs;ay that you 

<lb/>your &longs;elf have but a confu&longs;ed <emph type="italics"/>Idea<emph.end type="italics"/> of it, we will di&longs;tingui&longs;h of the 

<lb/>&longs;ame by reducing it into figure; which may al&longs;o perhaps afford us 

<lb/>&longs;ome ca&longs;e in re&longs;olving the &longs;ame. </s><s>Let us therefore [<emph type="italics"/>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 4.] draw 

<lb/>a perpendicular line towards the centre, and let it be AC, and to it 

<lb/>at right angles let there be drawn the Horizontal line A <emph type="italics"/>B,<emph.end type="italics"/> upon 

<lb/>which the motion of the projection ought to be made; now the pro&shy;

<lb/>ject would continue to move along the &longs;ame with an even motion, if 

<lb/>&longs;o be its gravity did not incline it downwards. </s><s>Let us &longs;uppo&longs;e from 

<lb/>the point A a right line to be drawn, that may make any angle at 

<lb/>plea&longs;ure with the line A B; which let be A E, and upon A<emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/> let us 

<lb/>mark &longs;ome equal &longs;paces AF, FH, HK, and from them let us let fall 

<lb/>the perpendiculars FG, HI, K L, as far as AE. </s><s>And becau&longs;e, as al 

<lb/>ready hath been &longs;aid, the de&longs;cending grave body departing from re&longs;t, 

<lb/>goeth from time to time acquiring a greater degree of velocity, 

<lb/>according as the &longs;aid time doth &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively encrea&longs;e; we may con&shy;

<lb/>ceive the &longs;paces AF, FH, HK, to repre&longs;ent unto us equal times; and 

<lb/>the perpendiculars FG, HI, KL, degrees of velocity acquired in the 

<lb/>&longs;aid times; &longs;o that the degree of velocity acquired in the whole time 

<lb/>A K, is as the line K L, in re&longs;pect to the degree H I, acquired in the 

<lb/>time AH, and the degree FG in the time AF; the which degrees KL, 

<lb/>HI, FG, are (as is manife&longs;t) the &longs;ame in proportion, as the times K A, 

<lb/>HA, F A, and if other perpendiculars were drawn from the points 

<lb/>marked at plea&longs;ure in the line F A, one might &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively find de&shy;

<lb/>grees le&longs;&longs;e and le&longs;&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"/> proceeding towards the point A, 

<lb/>repre&longs;enting the fir&longs;t in&longs;tant of time, and the fir&longs;t &longs;tate of re&longs;t. </s><s>And 

<lb/>this retreat towards A, repre&longs;enteth the fir&longs;t propen&longs;ion to the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/186.jpg" pagenum="178"/>motion of de&longs;cent, dimini&longs;hed <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum<emph.end type="italics"/> by the approach of 

<lb/>the moveable to the fir&longs;t &longs;tate of re&longs;t, which approximation is 

<lb/>augmentable <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum.<emph.end type="italics"/> Now let us find the other diminution 

<lb/>of velocity, which likewi&longs;e may proceed to infinity, by the di&shy;

<lb/>minution of the gravity of the moveable, and this &longs;hall be repre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ented by drawing other lines from the point A, which contein 

<lb/>angles le&longs;&longs;e than the angle B A E, which would be this line A D, 

<lb/>the which inter&longs;ecting the parallels K L, H I, F G, in the points 

<lb/>M, N, and O, repre&longs;ent unto us the degrees F O, H N, K M, 

<lb/>acquired in the times A F, A H, A K, le&longs;&longs;e than the other de&shy;

<lb/>grees F G, H I, K L, acquired in the &longs;ame times; but the&longs;e 

<lb/>latter by a moveable more ponderous, and tho&longs;e other by a 

<lb/>moveable more <emph type="italics"/>light.<emph.end type="italics"/> And it is manife&longs;t, that by the retreat of 

<lb/>the line E A towards A B, contracting the angle E A B (the 

<lb/>which may be done <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"/> like as the gravity may <emph type="italics"/>in infi&shy;

<lb/>nitum<emph.end type="italics"/> be dimini&longs;hed) the velocity of the cadent moveable may 

<lb/>in like manner be dimini&longs;hed <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"/> and &longs;o con&longs;equently 

<lb/>the cau&longs;e that impeded the projection; and therefore my thinks 

<lb/>that the union of the&longs;e two rea&longs;ons again&longs;t the projection, dimi&shy;

<lb/>ni&longs;hed to infinity, cannot be any impediment to the &longs;aid proje&shy;

<lb/>ction. </s><s>And couching the whole argument in its &longs;horte&longs;t terms, we 

<lb/>will &longs;ay, that by contracting the angle E A B, the degrees of ve&shy;

<lb/>locity L K, I H, G F, are dimini&longs;hed; and moreover by the re&shy;

<lb/>treat of the parallels K L, H I, F G, towards the angle A, the 

<lb/>fame degrees are again dimini&longs;hed; and both the&longs;e diminutions 

<lb/>extend to infinity: Therefore the velocity of the motion of de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cent may very well dimini&longs;h &longs;o much, (it admitting of a two&longs;old 

<lb/>diminution <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum<emph.end type="italics"/>) as that it may not &longs;uffice to re&longs;tore the 

<lb/>moveable to the circumference of the wheel, and thereupon may 

<lb/>occa&longs;ion the projection to be hindered and wholly obviated.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Again on the contrary, to impede the projection, it is nece&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ary that the &longs;paces by which the project is to de&longs;cend for the 

<lb/>reuniting it &longs;elf to the Wheel, be made &longs;o &longs;hort and clo&longs;e toge&shy;

<lb/>ther, that though the de&longs;cent of the moveable be retarded, yea 

<lb/>more, dimini&longs;hed <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"/> yet it &longs;ufficeth to reconduct it thither: 

<lb/>and therefore it would be requi&longs;ite, that you find out a diminuti&shy;

<lb/>on of the &longs;aid &longs;paces, not only produced to infinity, but to &longs;uch an 

<lb/>infinity, as that it may &longs;uperate the double infinity that is made in 

<lb/>the diminution of the velocity of the de&longs;cending moveable. </s><s>But 

<lb/>how can a magnitude be dimini&longs;hed more than another, which 

<lb/>hath a twofold diminution <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s><s>Now let <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erve how hard it is to philo&longs;ophate well in nature, without <emph type="italics"/>Geo&shy;

<lb/>metry.<emph.end type="italics"/> The degrees of velocity dimini&longs;hed <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"/> as well 

<lb/>by the diminution of the gravity of the moveable, as by the ap&shy;

<lb/>proxination to the fir&longs;t term of the motion, that is, to the &longs;tate 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/187.jpg" pagenum="179"/>of re&longs;t, are alwayes determinate, and an&longs;wer in proportion to the 

<lb/>parallels comprehended between two right lines that concur in 

<lb/>an angle, like to the angle B A E, or B A D, or any other 

<lb/>infinitely more acute, alwayes provided it be rectilineall&shy;

<lb/>But the diminution of the &longs;paces thorow which the moveable is 

<lb/>to be conducted along the circumference of the wheel, is propor&shy;

<lb/>tionate to another kind of diminution, comprehended between 

<lb/>lines that contain an angle infinitely more narrow and acute, than 

<lb/>any rectilineal angle, how acute &longs;oever, which is that in our pre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ent ca&longs;e. </s><s>Let any point be taken in the perpendicular A C, and 

<lb/>making it the centre, de&longs;cribe at the di&longs;tance C A, an arch A M P, 

<lb/>the which &longs;hall inter&longs;ect the parallels that determine the degrees of 

<lb/>velocity, though they be very minute, and comprehended within 

<lb/>a mo&longs;t acute rectilineal angle; of which parallels the parts that 

<lb/>lie between the arch and the tangent A B, are the quantities of 

<lb/>the &longs;paces, and of the returns upon the wheel, alwayes le&longs;&longs;er (and 

<lb/>with greater proportion le&longs;&longs;er, by how much neerer they approach 

<lb/>to the contact) than the &longs;aid parallels of which they are parts. 

<lb/></s><s>The parallels comprehended between the right lines in retiring to&shy;

<lb/>wards the angle dimini&longs;h alwayes at the &longs;ame rate, as <emph type="italics"/>v.g.<emph.end type="italics"/> A H be&shy;

<lb/>ing divided in two equal parts in F, the parallel H I &longs;hall be dou&shy;

<lb/>ble to F G, and &longs;ub-dividing F A, in two equal parts, the paral&shy;

<lb/>lel produced from the point of the divi&longs;ion &longs;hall be the half of 

<lb/>F G; and continuing the &longs;ub-divi&longs;ion <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"/> the &longs;ub&longs;equent 

<lb/>parallels &longs;hall be alwayes half of the next preceding; but it doth 

<lb/>not &longs;o fall out in the lines intercepted between the tangent and 

<lb/>the circumference of the circle: For if the &longs;ame &longs;ub-divi&longs;ion be 

<lb/>made in F A; and &longs;uppo&longs;ing for example, that the parallel which 

<lb/>cometh from the point H, were double unto that which commeth 

<lb/>from F, this &longs;hall be more then double to the next following, and 

<lb/>continually the neerer we come towards the contact A, we &longs;hall 

<lb/>find the precedent lines contein the next following three, four, 

<lb/>ten, an hundred, a thou&longs;and, an hundred thou&longs;and, an hundred 

<lb/>millions of times, and more <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum.<emph.end type="italics"/> The brevity therefore of 

<lb/>&longs;uch lines is &longs;o reduced, that it far exceeds what is requi&longs;ite to make 

<lb/>the project, though never &longs;o light, return, nay more, continue 

<lb/>unremoveable upon the circumference.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I very well comprehend the whole di&longs;cour&longs;e, and upon 

<lb/>what it layeth all its &longs;tre&longs;&longs;e, yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e methinks that he 

<lb/>that would take pains to pur&longs;ue it, might yet &longs;tart &longs;ome further 

<lb/>que&longs;tions, by &longs;aying, that of tho&longs;e two cau&longs;es which render the 

<lb/>de&longs;cent of the moveable &longs;lower and &longs;lower <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"/> it is mani&shy;

<lb/>fe&longs;t, that that which dependeth on the vicinity to the fir&longs;t term of 

<lb/>the de&longs;cent, increa&longs;eth alwayes in the &longs;ame proportion, like as the 

<lb/>parallels alwayes retain the &longs;ame proportion to each other, &amp;c. 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/188.jpg" pagenum="180"/>but that the diminution of the &longs;ame velocity, dependent on the 

<lb/>diminution of the gravity of the moveable (which vvas the &longs;econd 

<lb/>cau&longs;e) doth al&longs;o ob&longs;erve the &longs;ame proportion, doth not &longs;o plainly 

<lb/>appear, And vvho &longs;hall a&longs;&longs;ure us that it doth not proceed accor&shy;

<lb/>ding to the proportion of the lines intercepted between the &longs;ecant, 

<lb/>and the circumference; or vvhether vvith a greater proportion?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have a&longs;&longs;umed for a truth, that the velocities of movea&shy;

<lb/>bles de&longs;cending naturally, vvill follovv the proportion of their gra&shy;

<lb/>vities, with the favour of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> and of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> who doth 

<lb/>in many places affirm the &longs;ame, as a propo&longs;ition manife&longs;t: You, 

<lb/>in favour of my adver&longs;ary, bring the &longs;ame into que&longs;tion, and &longs;ay 

<lb/>that its po&longs;&longs;ible that the velocity increa&longs;eth with greater propor&shy;

<lb/>tion, yea and greater <emph type="italics"/>in infinitum<emph.end type="italics"/> than that of the gravity; &longs;o that 

<lb/>all that hath been &longs;aid falleth to the ground: For maintaining 

<lb/>whereof, I &longs;ay, that the proportion of the velocities is much le&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>than that of the gravities; and thereby I do not onely &longs;upport 

<lb/>but confirme the premi&longs;es. </s><s>And for proof of this I appeal unto 

<lb/>experience, which will &longs;hew us, that a grave body, howbeit thirty 

<lb/>or fourty times bigger then another; as for example, a ball of 

<lb/>lead, and another of &longs;ugar, will not move much more than twice 

<lb/>as fa&longs;t. </s><s>Now if the projection would not be made, albeit the ve&shy;

<lb/>locity of the cadent body &longs;hould dimini&longs;h according to the pro&shy;

<lb/>portion of the gravity, much le&longs;&longs;e would it be made &longs;o long as the 

<lb/>velocity is but little dimini&longs;hed, by abating much from the gravi&shy;

<lb/>ty. </s><s>But yet &longs;uppo&longs;ing that the velocity dimini&longs;heth with a propor&shy;

<lb/>tion much greater than that wherewith the gravity decrea&longs;eth, nay 

<lb/>though it were the &longs;elf-&longs;ame wherewith tho&longs;e parallels conteined 

<lb/>between the tangent and circumference do decrea&longs;e, yet cannot I 

<lb/>&longs;ee any nece&longs;&longs;ity why I &longs;hould grant the projection of matters of 

<lb/>never &longs;o great levity; yea I farther averre, that there could no &longs;uch 

<lb/>projection follow, meaning alwayes of matters not properly and 

<lb/>ab&longs;olutely light, that is, void of all gravity, and that of their own 

<lb/>natures move upwards, but that de&longs;cend very &longs;lowly, and 

<lb/>have very &longs;mall gravity. </s><s>And that which moveth me &longs;o to think 

<lb/>is, that the diminution of gravity, made according to the propor&shy;

<lb/>tion of the parallels between the tangent and the circumference, 

<lb/>hath for its ultimate and highe&longs;t term the nullity of weight, as tho&longs;e 

<lb/>parallels have for their la&longs;t term of their diminution the contact it 

<lb/>&longs;elf, which is an indivi&longs;ible point: Now gravity never dimini&longs;heth 

<lb/>&longs;o far as to its la&longs;t term, for then the moveable would cea&longs;e to be 

<lb/>grave; but yet the &longs;pace of the rever&longs;ion of the project to the 

<lb/>circumference is reduced to the ultimate minuity, which is when 

<lb/>the moveable re&longs;teth upon the circumference in the very point of 

<lb/>contact; &longs;o as that to return thither it hath no need of &longs;pace: 

<lb/>and therefore let the propen&longs;ion to the motion of de&longs;cent be ne&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/189.jpg" pagenum="181"/>ver &longs;o &longs;mall, yet is it alwayes more than &longs;ufficient to reconduct the 

<lb/>moveable to the circumference, from which it is di&longs;tant but its lea&longs;t 

<lb/>&longs;pace, that is, nothing at all.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Your di&longs;cour&longs;e, I mu&longs;t confe&longs;s, is very accurate; and 

<lb/>yet no le&longs;s concluding than it is ingenuous; and it mu&longs;t be gran&shy;

<lb/>ted that to go about to handle natural que&longs;tions, without <emph type="italics"/>Geome&shy;

<lb/>try,<emph.end type="italics"/> is to attempt an impo&longs;&longs;ibility.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> will not &longs;ay &longs;o; and yet I do not think 

<lb/>that he is one of tho&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> that di&longs;&longs;wade their Di&longs;ciples 

<lb/>from &longs;tudying the <emph type="italics"/>Mathematicks,<emph.end type="italics"/> as Sciences that vitiate the rea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;on, and render it le&longs;&longs;e apt for contemplation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I would not do &longs;o much wrong to <emph type="italics"/>Plato,<emph.end type="italics"/> but yet I may 

<lb/>truly &longs;ay with <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle,<emph.end type="italics"/> that he too much lo&longs;t him&longs;elf in, and too 

<lb/>much doted upon that his <emph type="italics"/>Geometry<emph.end type="italics"/>: for that in conclu&longs;ion the&longs;e 

<lb/>Mathematical &longs;ubtilties <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> are true in ab&longs;tract, but applied 

<lb/>to &longs;en&longs;ible and Phy&longs;ical matter, they hold not good. </s><s>For the 

<lb/>Mathematicians will very well demon&longs;trate for example, that 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Sph&aelig;ratangit planum in puncto<emph.end type="italics"/>; a po&longs;ition like to that in di&longs;pute, 

<lb/>but when one cometh to the matter, things &longs;ucceed quite another 

<lb/>way. </s><s>And &longs;o I may &longs;ay of the&longs;e angles of contact, and the&longs;e 

<lb/>proportions; which all evaporate into Air, when they are applied 

<lb/>to things material and &longs;en&longs;ible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You do not think then, that the tangent toucheth the 

<lb/>&longs;uperficies of the terre&longs;trial Globe in one point only?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. No, not in one &longs;ole point; but I believe that a right 

<lb/>line goeth many tens and hundreds of yards touching the &longs;urface 

<lb/>not onely of the Earth, but of the water, before it &longs;eparate from 

<lb/>the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But if I grant you this, do not you perceive that it ma&shy;

<lb/>keth &longs;o much the more again&longs;t your cau&longs;e? </s><s>For if it be &longs;uppo&longs;ed 

<lb/>that the tangent was &longs;eparated from the terre&longs;trial &longs;uperficies, yet 

<lb/>it hath been however demon&longs;trated that by rea&longs;on of the great a&shy;

<lb/>cuity of the angle of contingence (if happily it may be call'd an 

<lb/>angle) the project would not &longs;eparate from the &longs;ame; how much 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e cau&longs;e of &longs;eparation would it have, if that angle &longs;hould be 

<lb/>wholly clo&longs;ed, and the &longs;uperficies and the tangent become all one? 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg368"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Perceive you not that the Projection would do the &longs;ame thing up&shy;

<lb/>on the &longs;urface of the Earth, which is a&longs;much as to &longs;ay, it would 

<lb/>do ju&longs;t nothing at all? </s><s>You &longs;ee then the power of truth, which 

<lb/>while you &longs;trive to oppo&longs;e it, your own a&longs;&longs;aults them&longs;elves uphold 

<lb/>and defend it. </s><s>But in regard that you have retracted this errour, 

<lb/>I would be loth to leave you in that other which you hold, namely, 

<lb/>that a material Sphere doth not touch a plain in one &longs;ole point: 

<lb/>and I could wi&longs;h &longs;ome few hours conver&longs;ation with &longs;ome per&longs;ons 

<lb/>conver&longs;ant in <emph type="italics"/>Geometry,<emph.end type="italics"/> might make you a little more intelligent 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/190.jpg" pagenum="182"/>among&longs;t tho&longs;e who know nothing thereof. </s><s>Now to &longs;hew you how 

<lb/>great their errour is who &longs;ay, that a Sphere <emph type="italics"/>v.g.<emph.end type="italics"/> of bra&longs;&longs;e, doth not 

<lb/>touch a plain <emph type="italics"/>v.g.<emph.end type="italics"/> of &longs;teel in one &longs;ole point, Tell me what con&shy;

<lb/>ceipt you would entertain of one that &longs;hould con&longs;tantly aver, that 

<lb/>the Sphere is not truly a Sphere.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg368"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The truth 

<lb/>&longs;ometimes gaines 

<lb/>&longs;trength by con&shy;

<lb/>tradiction.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I would e&longs;teem him wholly devoid of rea&longs;on.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>He is in the &longs;ame ca&longs;e who &longs;aith that the material Sphere 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg369"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>doth not touch a plain, al&longs;o material, in one onely point; for to 

<lb/>&longs;ay this is the &longs;ame, as to affirm that the Sphere is not a Sphere. 

<lb/></s><s>And that this is true, tell me in what it is that you con&longs;titute the 

<lb/>Sphere to con&longs;i&longs;t, that is, what it is that maketh the Sphere differ 

<lb/>from all other &longs;olid bodies.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg369"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The sphere al&shy;

<lb/>though material, 

<lb/>toucheth the mate&shy;

<lb/>rial plane but in 

<lb/>one point onely.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe that the e&longs;&longs;ence of a Sphere con&longs;i&longs;teth in ha&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg370"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ving all the right lines produced from its centre to the circumfe&shy;

<lb/>rence, equal.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg370"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The definition of 

<lb/>the &longs;phere.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that, if tho&longs;e lines &longs;hould not be equal, there &longs;ame 

<lb/>&longs;olidity would be no longer a &longs;phere?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. True.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Go to; tell me whether you believe that among&longs;t the 

<lb/>many lines that may be drawn between two points, that may be 

<lb/>more than one right line onely.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There can be but one.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But yet you under&longs;tand that this onely right line &longs;hall 

<lb/>again of nece&longs;&longs;ity be the &longs;horte&longs;t of them all?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I know it, and al&longs;o have a demon&longs;tration thereof, pro&shy;

<lb/>duced by a great <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Philo&longs;opher, and as I take it, if my 

<lb/>memory do not deceive me, he alledgeth it by way of reprehending 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Archimedes,<emph.end type="italics"/> that &longs;uppo&longs;eth it as known, when it may be demon&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trated.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This mu&longs;t needs be a great Mathematician, that knew 

<lb/>how to demon&longs;trate that which <emph type="italics"/>Archimedes<emph.end type="italics"/> neither did, nor could 

<lb/>demon&longs;trate. </s><s>And if you remember his demon&longs;tration, I would 

<lb/>gladly hear it: for I remember very well, that <emph type="italics"/>Archimedes<emph.end type="italics"/> in his 

<lb/>Books, <emph type="italics"/>de Sph&aelig;r&agrave; &amp; Cylindro,<emph.end type="italics"/> placeth this Propo&longs;ition among&longs;t the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Po&longs;tulata<emph.end type="italics"/>; and I verily believe that he thought it demon&longs;trated.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think I &longs;hall remember it, for it is very ea&longs;ie and 

<lb/>&longs;hort.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The di&longs;grace of <emph type="italics"/>Archimedes,<emph.end type="italics"/> and the honour of this Phi&shy;

<lb/>lo&longs;opher &longs;hall be &longs;o much the greater.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will de&longs;cribe the Figure of it. </s><s>Between the points 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg371"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>A and B, [<emph type="italics"/>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 5.] draw the right line A B, and the curve line 

<lb/>A C B, of which we will prove the right to be the &longs;horter: and 

<lb/>the proof is this; take a point in the curve-line, which let be C, 

<lb/>and draw two other lines, A C and C B, which two lines together; 

<lb/>are longer than the &longs;ole line A B, for &longs;o demon&longs;trateth <emph type="italics"/>Euelid.<emph.end type="italics"/>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/191.jpg" pagenum="183"/>But the curve-line A C B, is greater than the two right-lines A C, 

<lb/>and C B; therefore, <emph type="italics"/>&agrave; fortiori,<emph.end type="italics"/> the curve-line A C B, is much 

<lb/>greater than the right line A B, which was to be demon&longs;trated.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg372"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg371"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The demon&longs;tra&shy;

<lb/>tion of a Peripate&shy;

<lb/>tick, to prove the 

<lb/>right line to be the 

<lb/>&longs;horte&longs;t of all lines.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg372"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Paralogi&longs;m 

<lb/>of the &longs;ame Peripa&shy;

<lb/>tetick, which pro&shy;

<lb/>veth<emph.end type="italics"/> ignotum per 

<lb/>ignotius.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I do not think that if one &longs;hould ran&longs;ack all the Para&shy;

<lb/>logi&longs;ms of the world, there could be found one more commodious 

<lb/>than this, to give an example of the mo&longs;t &longs;olemn fallacy of all 

<lb/>fallacies, namely, than that which proveth <emph type="italics"/>ignotum per ignotius.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>How &longs;o?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Do you ask me how &longs;o? </s><s>The unknown conclu&longs;ion 

<lb/>which you de&longs;ire to prove, is it not, that the curved line A C B, is 

<lb/>longer than the right line A B; the middle term which is taken 

<lb/>for known, is that the curve-line A C B, is greater than the two 

<lb/>lines A C and C B, the which are known to be greater than A B; 

<lb/>And if it be unknown whether the curve-line be greater than the 

<lb/>&longs;ingle right-line A B, &longs;hall it not be much more unknown whether 

<lb/>it be greater than the two right lines A C &amp; C B, which are known 

<lb/>to be greater than the &longs;ole line A B, &amp; yet you a&longs;&longs;ume it as known?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I do not yet very well perceive wherein lyeth the fal&shy;

<lb/>lacy.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>As the two right lines are greater than A B, (as may be 

<lb/>known by <emph type="italics"/>Euclid<emph.end type="italics"/>) and in as much as the curve line is longer than 

<lb/>the two right lines A C and B C, &longs;hall it not not be much greater 

<lb/>than the &longs;ole right line A B?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It &longs;hall &longs;o.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>That the curve-line A C B, is greater than the right 

<lb/>line A B, is the conclu&longs;ion more known than the middle term, 

<lb/>which is, that the &longs;ame curve-line is greater than the two right&shy;

<lb/>lines A C and C B. </s><s>Now when the middle term is le&longs;s known 

<lb/>than the conclu&longs;ion, it is called a proving <emph type="italics"/>ignotum per ignotius.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>But to return to our purpo&longs;e, it is &longs;ufficient that you know the 

<lb/>right line to be the &longs;horte&longs;t of all the lines that can be drawn be&shy;

<lb/>tween two points. </s><s>And as to the principal conclu&longs;ion, you &longs;ay, 

<lb/>that the material &longs;phere doth not touch the &longs;phere in one &longs;ole 

<lb/>point. </s><s>What then is its contact?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It &longs;hall be a part of its &longs;uperficies.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And the contact likewi&longs;e of another &longs;phere equal to the 

<lb/>fir&longs;t, &longs;hall be al&longs;o a like particle of its &longs;uperficies?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There is no rea&longs;on vvhy it &longs;hould be othervvi&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then the tvvo &longs;pheres vvhich touch each other, &longs;hall 

<lb/>touch vvith the tvvo &longs;ame particles of a &longs;uperficies, for each of them 

<lb/>agreeing to one and the &longs;ame plane, they mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity agree 

<lb/>in like manner to each other. </s><s>Imagine now that the two &longs;pheres </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg373"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>[<emph type="italics"/>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 6.] who&longs;e centres are A and B, do touch one another: 

<lb/>and let their centres be conjoyned by the right line A B, which 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;eth through the contact. </s><s>It pa&longs;&longs;eth thorow the point C, and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/192.jpg" pagenum="184"/>another point in the contact being taken as D, conjoyn the two 

<lb/>right lines A D and B D, &longs;o as that they make the triangle A D B; 

<lb/>of which the two &longs;ides A D and D B &longs;hall be equal to the other one 

<lb/>A C B, both tho&longs;e and this containing two &longs;emidiameters, which 

<lb/>by the definition of the &longs;phere are all equal: and thus the right 

<lb/>line A B, drawn between the two centres A and B, &longs;hall not be the 

<lb/>&longs;horte&longs;t of all, the two lines A D and D B being equal to it: which 

<lb/>by your own conce&longs;&longs;ion is ab&longs;urd.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg373"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A demon &longs;tration 

<lb/>that the &longs;phere tou&shy;

<lb/>cheth the plane but 

<lb/>in one point.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This demon&longs;tration holdeth in the ab&longs;tracted, but not in 

<lb/>the material &longs;pheres.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In&longs;tance then wherein the fallacy of my argument con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;i&longs;teth, if as you &longs;ay it is not concluding in the material &longs;pheres, but 

<lb/>holdeth good in the immaterial and ab&longs;tracted.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg374"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg374"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Why the &longs;phere in 

<lb/>ab&longs;tract, toucheth 

<lb/>the plane onely in 

<lb/>one point, and not 

<lb/>the material in 

<lb/>conerete.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The material &longs;pheres are &longs;ubject to many accidents, 

<lb/>which the immaterial are free from. </s><s>And becau&longs;e it cannot be, 

<lb/>that a &longs;phere of metal pa&longs;&longs;ing along a plane, its own weight &longs;hould 

<lb/>not &longs;o depre&longs;s it, as that the plain &longs;hould yield &longs;omewhat, or that 

<lb/>the &longs;phere it &longs;elf &longs;hould not in the contact admit of &longs;ome impre&longs;&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>on. </s><s>Moreover, it is very hard for that plane to be perfect, if for 

<lb/>nothing el&longs;e, yet at lea&longs;t for that its matter is porous: and per&shy;

<lb/>haps it will be no le&longs;s difficult to find a &longs;phere &longs;o perfect, as that 

<lb/>it hath all the lines from the centre to the &longs;uperficies, exactly 

<lb/>equal.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I very readily grant you all this that you have &longs;aid; but 

<lb/>it is very much be&longs;ide our purpo&longs;e: for whil&longs;t you go about to 

<lb/>&longs;hew me that a material &longs;phere toucheth not a material plane in 

<lb/>one point alone, you make u&longs;e of a &longs;phere that is not a &longs;phere, and 

<lb/>of a plane that is not a plane; for that, according to what you 

<lb/>&longs;ay, either the&longs;e things cannot be found in the world, or if they 

<lb/>may be found, they are &longs;poiled in applying them to work the effect. 

<lb/></s><s>It had been therefore a le&longs;s evil, for you to have granted the con&shy;

<lb/>clu&longs;ion, but conditionally, to wit, that if there could be made of 

<lb/>matter a &longs;phere and a plane that were and could continue perfect, 

<lb/>they would touch in one &longs;ole point, and then to have denied that 

<lb/>any &longs;uch could be made.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe that the propo&longs;ition of Philo&longs;ophers is to be 

<lb/>under&longs;tood in this &longs;en&longs;e; for it is not to be doubted, but that the 

<lb/>imperfection of the matter, maketh the matters taken in con&shy;

<lb/>crete, to di&longs;agree with tho&longs;e taken in ab&longs;tract.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. What, do they not agree? </s><s>Why, that which you your 

<lb/>&longs;elf &longs;ay at this in&longs;tant, proveth that they punctually agree.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>How can that be?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Do you not &longs;ay, that through the imperfection of the 

<lb/>matter, that body which ought to be perfectly &longs;pherical, and that 

<lb/>plane which ought to be perfectly level, do not prove to be the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/193.jpg" pagenum="185"/>&longs;ame in concrete, as they are imagined to be in ab&longs;tract?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This I do affirm.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then when ever in concrete you do apply a material Sphere </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg375"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>to a material plane, youapply an imperfect Sphere to an imperfect 

<lb/>plane, &amp; the&longs;e you &longs;ay do not touch only in one point. </s><s>But I mu&longs;t 

<lb/>tell you, that even in ab&longs;tract an immaterial Sphere, that is, not a 

<lb/>perfect Sphere, may touch an immaterial plane, that is, not a per&shy;

<lb/>fect plane, not in one point, but with part of its &longs;uperficies, &longs;o that 

<lb/>hitherto that which falleth out in concrete, doth in like manner 

<lb/>hold true in ab&longs;tract. </s><s>And it would be a new thing that the com&shy;

<lb/>putations and rates made in ab&longs;tract numbers, &longs;hould not after&shy;

<lb/>wards an&longs;wer to the Coines of Gold and Silver, and to the mer&shy;

<lb/>chandizes in concrete. </s><s>But do you know <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> how this 

<lb/>commeth to pa&longs;&longs;e? </s><s>Like as to make that the computations agree 

<lb/>with the Sugars, the Silks, the Wools, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that the 

<lb/>accomptant reckon his tares of che&longs;ts, bags, and &longs;uch other things: 

<lb/>So when the <emph type="italics"/>Geometricall Philo&longs;opher<emph.end type="italics"/> would ob&longs;erve in concrete 

<lb/>the effects demon&longs;trated in ab&longs;tract, he mu&longs;t defalke the impedi&shy;

<lb/>ments of the matter, and if he know how to do that, I do a&longs;&longs;ure 

<lb/>you, the things &longs;hall jump no le&longs;&longs;e exactly, than <emph type="italics"/>Arithmstical<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>computations. </s><s>The errours therefore lyeth neither in ab&longs;tract, nor 

<lb/>in concrete, nor in <emph type="italics"/>Geometry,<emph.end type="italics"/> nor in <emph type="italics"/>Phy&longs;icks,<emph.end type="italics"/> but in the Calcula&shy;

<lb/>tor, that knoweth not how to adju&longs;t his accompts. </s><s>Therefore if 

<lb/>you had a perfect Sphere and plane, though they were material, 

<lb/>you need not doubt but that they would touch onely in one point. 

<lb/></s><s>And if &longs;uch a Sphere was and is impo&longs;&longs;ible to be procured, it was 

<lb/>much be&longs;ides the purpo&longs;e to &longs;ay, <emph type="italics"/>Quod Sph&aelig;ra &aelig;nea non tangit in 

<lb/>puncto.<emph.end type="italics"/> Furthermore, if I grant you <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> that in matter a 

<lb/>figure cannot be procured that is perfectly &longs;pherical, or perfectly 

<lb/>level: Do you think there may be had two materiall bodies, 

<lb/>who&longs;e &longs;uperficies in &longs;ome part, and in &longs;ome &longs;ort are incurvated as 

<lb/>irregularly as can be de&longs;ired?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg375"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Things are ex&shy;

<lb/>actly the &longs;ame in 

<lb/>ab&longs;tract as in con&shy;

<lb/>crete.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Of the&longs;e I believe that there is no want.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If &longs;uch there be, then they al&longs;o will touch in one &longs;ole 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg376"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>point; for this contact in but one point alone is not the &longs;ole and 

<lb/>peculiar priviledge of the perfect Sphere and perfect plane. </s><s>Nay, he 

<lb/>that &longs;hould pro&longs;ecute this point with more &longs;ubtil contemplations 

<lb/>would finde that it is much harder to procure two bodies that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg377"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>touch with part of their &longs;nper&longs;icies, than with one point onely. 

<lb/></s><s>For if two &longs;uperficies be required to combine well together, it is 

<lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ary either, that they be both exactly plane, or that if one be 

<lb/>convex, the other be concave; but in &longs;uch a manner concave, 

<lb/>that the concavity do exactly an&longs;wer to the convexity of the other: 

<lb/>the which conditions are much harder to be found, in regard of 

<lb/>their too narrow determination, than tho&longs;e others, which in their 

<lb/>ca&longs;uall latitude are infinite.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/194.jpg" pagenum="186"/><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg376"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Contact in a &longs;in&shy;

<lb/>gle point is not pe&shy;

<lb/>culiar to the per&shy;

<lb/>fect Spheres onely? 

<lb/></s><s>but belongeth to all 

<lb/>curved figures.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg377"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is more diffi&shy;

<lb/>cult to find Figures 

<lb/>that touch with a 

<lb/>part of their &longs;ur&shy;

<lb/>face, than in one 

<lb/>&longs;ole point.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>You believe then, that two &longs;tones, or two pieces of I&shy;

<lb/>ron taken at chance, and put together, do for the mo&longs;t part touch 

<lb/>in one &longs;ole point?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In ca&longs;ual encounters, I do not think they do; as well 

<lb/>becau&longs;e for the mo&longs;t part there will be &longs;ome &longs;mall yielding filth 

<lb/>upon them, as becau&longs;e that no diligence is u&longs;ed in applying them 

<lb/>without &longs;triking one another; and every &longs;mall matter &longs;ufficeth to 

<lb/>make the one &longs;uperficies yield &longs;omewhat to the other; &longs;o that 

<lb/>they interchangeably, at lea&longs;t in &longs;ome &longs;mall particle, receive &longs;igure 

<lb/>from the impre&longs;&longs;ion of each other. </s><s>But in ca&longs;e their &longs;uperficies 

<lb/>were very ter&longs;e and polite, and that they were both laid upon a 

<lb/>table, that &longs;o one might not pre&longs;&longs;e upon the other, and gently put 

<lb/>towards one another, I que&longs;tion not, but that they might be 

<lb/>brought to the &longs;imple contact in one onely point.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It is requi&longs;ite, with your permi&longs;&longs;ion, that I propound a 

<lb/>certain &longs;cruple of mine, which came into my minde, whil'&longs;t I heard 

<lb/>propo&longs;ed by <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> the impo&longs;&longs;ibility of finding a materiall 

<lb/>and &longs;olid body, that is, perfectly of a Spherical figure, and whil'&longs;t 

<lb/>J law <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> in a certain manner, not gain&longs;aying, to give his 

<lb/>con&longs;ent thereto; therefore I would know, whether there would 

<lb/>be the &longs;ame difficulty in forming a &longs;olid of &longs;ome other figure, that 

<lb/>is, to expre&longs;&longs;e my &longs;elf better, whether there is more difficulty in 

<lb/>reducing a piece of Marble into the figure of a perfect Sphere, than 

<lb/>into a perfect Pyramid, or into a perfect Hor&longs;e, or into a perfect 

<lb/>Gra&longs;&longs;e-hopper?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>To this I will make you the fir&longs;t an&longs;wer: and in the 

<lb/>fir&longs;t place, I will acquit my &longs;elf of the a&longs;&longs;ent which you think I 

<lb/>gave to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> which was only for a time; for I had it al&longs;o in 

<lb/>my thoughts, betore I intended to enter upon any other matter, to 

<lb/>&longs;peak that, which, it may be, is the &longs;ame, or very like to that which 

<lb/>you are about to &longs;ay, And an&longs;wering to your fir&longs;t que&longs;tion, I &longs;ay, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg378"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that if any figure can be given to a Solid, the Spherical is the ea&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>e&longs;t of all others, as it is likewi&longs;e the mo&longs;t &longs;imple, and holdeth the 

<lb/>&longs;ame place among&longs;t &longs;olid figures, as the Circle holdeth among&longs;t 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg379"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the &longs;uperficial. </s><s>The de&longs;cription of which Circle, as being more ea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ie than all the re&longs;t, hath alone been judged by <emph type="italics"/>Mathematicians<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>worthy to be put among&longs;t the ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>po&longs;tulata<emph.end type="italics"/> belonging to the de&longs;cri&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg380"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ption of all other figures. </s><s>And the formation of the Sphere is 

<lb/>&longs;o very ea&longs;ie, that if in a plain plate of hard metal you take an 

<lb/>empty or hollow circle, within which any Solid goeth ca&longs;ually re&shy;

<lb/>volving that was before but gro&longs;ly rounded, it &longs;hall, without any 

<lb/>other artifice be reduced to a Spherical figure, as perfect as is po&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ible for it to be; provided, that that &longs;ame Solid be not le&longs;&longs;e than 

<lb/>the Sphere that would pa&longs;&longs;e thorow that Circle. </s><s>And that which is 

<lb/>yet more worthy of our con&longs;ideration is, that within the &longs;elf-&longs;ame 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/195.jpg" pagenum="187"/>incavity one may form Spheres of &longs;everal magnitudes. </s><s>But what 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg381"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>is required to the making of an Hor&longs;e, or (as you &longs;ay) of a Gra&longs;s&shy;

<lb/>hopper, I leave to you to judge, who know that there are but few 

<lb/>&longs;tatuaries in the world able to undertake &longs;uch a piece of work. 

<lb/></s><s>And I think that herein <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> will not di&longs;&longs;ent from me.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg378"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Sphericall 

<lb/>Figure is ea&longs;ier to 

<lb/>be made than any 

<lb/>other.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg379"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The circular Fi&shy;

<lb/>gure only is placed 

<lb/>amongst the<emph.end type="italics"/> po&longs;tu&shy;

<lb/>lata <emph type="italics"/>of Mathema&shy;

<lb/>ticians.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg380"></margin.target>* Demands or 

<lb/>Petitions.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg381"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Sphericall Fi&shy;

<lb/>gures of &longs;undry 

<lb/>magnitudes may 

<lb/>be made with one 

<lb/>onely in&longs;trument.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I know not whether I do at all diffent from you; my 

<lb/>opinion is this, that none of the afore-named figures can be per&shy;

<lb/>fectly obteined; but for the approaching as neer as is po&longs;&longs;ible to 

<lb/>the mo&longs;t perfect degree, I believe that it is incomparably more ea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ie to reduce the Solid into a Spherical figure, than into the &longs;hape 

<lb/>of an Hor&longs;e, or Gra&longs;&longs;e-hopper?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And this greater difficulty, wherein think you doth it 

<lb/>depend?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Like as the great facility in forming the Sphere ari&longs;eth 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg382"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>from its ab&longs;olute &longs;implicity and uniformity &longs;o the great irregu&shy;

<lb/>larity rendereth the con&longs;truction of all other figures difficult.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg382"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Irregular forms 

<lb/>difficult to be in&shy;

<lb/>troduced.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Therefore the irregularity being the cau&longs;e of the diffi&shy;

<lb/>culty, than the figure of a &longs;tone broken with an hammer by 

<lb/>chance, &longs;hall be one of the figures that are difficult to be introdu&shy;

<lb/>ced, it being perhaps more irregular than that of the hor&longs;e?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>So it &longs;hould be.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But tell me; that figure what ever it is which the &longs;tone 

<lb/>hath, hath it the &longs;ame in perfection, or no?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>What it hath, it hath &longs;o perfectly, that nothing can be 

<lb/>more exact.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Then, if of figures that are irregular, and con&longs;equent&shy;

<lb/>ly hard to be procured, there are yet infinite which are mo&longs;t per&shy;

<lb/>fectly obteined, with what rea&longs;on can it be &longs;aid, that the mo&longs;t 

<lb/>&longs;imple, and con&longs;equently the mo&longs;t ea&longs;ie of all, is impo&longs;&longs;ible to be 

<lb/>procured?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Gentlemen, with your favour, I may &longs;ay that we have 

<lb/>&longs;allied out into a di&longs;pute not much more worth than the wool of a 

<lb/>goat; and whereas our argumentations &longs;hould continually be con&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;ant about &longs;erious and weighty points, we con&longs;ume our time in 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg383"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>frivolous and impertinent wranglings. </s><s>Let us call to minde, I pray 

<lb/>you, that the &longs;earch of the worlds con&longs;titution, is one of the grea&shy;

<lb/>te&longs;t and noble&longs;t Problems that are in nature; and &longs;o much the 

<lb/>greater, ina&longs;much as it is directed to the re&longs;olving of that other; 

<lb/>to wit, of the cau&longs;e of the Seas ebbing and flowing, enquired in&shy;

<lb/>to by all the famous men, that have hitherto been in the world, 

<lb/>and po&longs;&longs;ibly found out by none of them. </s><s>Therefore if we have 

<lb/>nothing more remaining for the full confutation of the argument 

<lb/>taken from the Earths <emph type="italics"/>vertigo,<emph.end type="italics"/> which was the la&longs;t, alledged to 

<lb/>prove its immobility upon its own centre, let us pa&longs;&longs;e to the ex&shy;

<lb/>amination of tho&longs;e things that are alledged for, and again&longs;t the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Annual Motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/196.jpg" pagenum="188"/><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg383"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The con&longs;titution 

<lb/>of the Univer&longs;e is 

<lb/>one of the mo&longs;t no&shy;

<lb/>ble Problems.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I would not have you, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> mea&longs;ure our wits by 

<lb/>the &longs;cale of yours: you, who u&longs;e to be continually bu&longs;ied about 

<lb/>the &longs;ublime&longs;t contemplations, e&longs;teem tho&longs;e notions frivolous and 

<lb/>below you, which we think matters worthy of our profounde&longs;t 

<lb/>thoughts: yet &longs;ometimes for our &longs;atisfaction do not di&longs;dain to 

<lb/>&longs;toop &longs;o low as to give way a little to our curio&longs;ity. </s><s>As to the 

<lb/>refutation of the la&longs;t argument, taken from the extru&longs;ions of the 

<lb/>diurnal <emph type="italics"/>vertigo,<emph.end type="italics"/> far le&longs;s than what hath been &longs;aid, would have 

<lb/>given me &longs;atisfaction: and yet the things &longs;uperfluou&longs;ly &longs;poken, 

<lb/>&longs;eemed to me &longs;o ingenious, that they have been &longs;o far from wea&shy;

<lb/>rying my fancy, as that they have, by rea&longs;on of their novelty, en&shy;

<lb/>tertained me all along with &longs;o great delight, that I know not how 

<lb/>to de&longs;ire greater: Therefore, if you have any other &longs;peculation 

<lb/>to add, produce it, for I, as to my own particular, &longs;hall gladly 

<lb/>hearken to it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have always taken great delight in tho&longs;e things which 

<lb/>I have had the fortune to di&longs;cover, and next to that, which is my 

<lb/>chief content, I find great plea&longs;ure in imparting them to &longs;ome 

<lb/>friends, that apprehendeth and &longs;eemeth to like them: Now, in re&shy;

<lb/>gard you are one of the&longs;e, &longs;lacking a little the reins of my ambi&shy;

<lb/>tion, which is much plea&longs;ed when I &longs;hew my &longs;elf more per&longs;pi&shy;

<lb/>cacious, than &longs;ome other that hath the reputation of a &longs;harp 

<lb/>&longs;ight, I will for a full and true mea&longs;ure of the pa&longs;t di&longs;pute, pro&shy;

<lb/>duce another fallacy of the Sectators of <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>which I take from the argument alledged.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>See how greedily I wait to hear it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We have hitherto over-pa&longs;&longs;ed, and granted to <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomey,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>as an effect indubitable, that the extru&longs;ion of the &longs;tone proceed&shy;

<lb/>ing from the velocity of the wheel turn'd round upon its centre, 

<lb/>the cau&longs;e of the &longs;aid extru&longs;ion encrea&longs;eth in proportion, as the ve&shy;

<lb/>locity of the <emph type="italics"/>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> (or whirling) is augmented: from whence 

<lb/>it was inferred, that the velocity of the Earth's <emph type="italics"/>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> being 

<lb/>very much greater than that of any machin what&longs;oever, that we 

<lb/>can make to turn round artificially; the extru&longs;ion of &longs;tones, of 

<lb/>animals, &amp;c. </s><s>would con&longs;equently be far more violent. </s><s>Now, I 

<lb/>ob&longs;erve that there is a great fallacy in this di&longs;cour&longs;e, in that we do 

<lb/>compare the&longs;e velocities indifferently and ab&longs;olutely to one ano&shy;

<lb/>ther. </s><s>It's true, that if I compare the velocities of the &longs;ame wheel, 

<lb/>or of two wheels equal to each other, that which &longs;hall be more 

<lb/>&longs;wiftly turn'd round, &longs;hall extrude the &longs;tone with greater vio&shy;

<lb/>lence; and the velocity encrea&longs;ing, the cau&longs;e of the projection 

<lb/>&longs;hall likewi&longs;e encrea&longs;e: but when the velocity is augmented, not 

<lb/>by encrea&longs;ing the velocity in the &longs;ame wheel, which would be by 

<lb/>cau&longs;ing it to make a greater number of revolutions in equal times; 

<lb/>but by encrea&longs;ing the diameter, and making the wheel greater, &longs;o 

<lb/>as that the conver&longs;ion taking up the &longs;ame time in the le&longs;&longs;er wheel, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/197.jpg" pagenum="189"/>as in the greater, the velocity is greater onely in the bigger wheel, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg384"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>for that its circumference is bigger; there is no man that thinketh 

<lb/>that the cau&longs;e of the extru&longs;ion in the great wheel will encrea&longs;e ac&shy;

<lb/>cording to the proportion of the velocity of its circumference, to 

<lb/>the velocity of the circumference of the other le&longs;&longs;er wheel; for that 

<lb/>this is mo&longs;t fal&longs;e, as by a mo&longs;t expeditious experiment I &longs;hall thus 

<lb/>gro&longs;ly declare: We may &longs;ling a &longs;tone with a &longs;tick of a yard long, 

<lb/>farther than we can do with a &longs;tick &longs;ix yards long, though 

<lb/>the motion of the end of the long &longs;tick, that is of the &longs;tone placed 

<lb/>in the &longs;lit thereof, were more than double as &longs;wift as the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the end of the other &longs;horter &longs;tick, as it would be if 

<lb/>the velocities were &longs;uch that the le&longs;&longs;er &longs;tick &longs;hould turn thrice 

<lb/>round in the time whil&longs;t the greater is making one onely con&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;ion.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg384"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The cau&longs;e of the 

<lb/>projection increa&longs;&shy;

<lb/>eth not according 

<lb/>to the proportion of 

<lb/>the velocity, in&shy;

<lb/>crea&longs;ed by making 

<lb/>the wheel bigger.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This which you tell me, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> mu&longs;t, I &longs;ee, needs 

<lb/>&longs;ucceed in this very manner; but I do not &longs;o readily apprehend 

<lb/>the cau&longs;e why equal velocities &longs;hould not operate equally in 

<lb/>extruding projects, but that of the le&longs;&longs;er wheel much more than 

<lb/>the other of the greater wheel; therefore I intreat you to tell me 

<lb/>how this cometh to pa&longs;s.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. Herein, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> you &longs;eem to differ much from your 

<lb/>&longs;elf, for that you were wont to penetrate all things in an in&longs;tant, 

<lb/>and now you have overlook'd a fallacy couched in the experiment 

<lb/>of the &longs;tick, which I my &longs;elf have been able to di&longs;cover: and this 

<lb/>is the different manner of operating, in making the projection one 

<lb/>while with the &longs;hort &longs;ling and another while with the long one, 

<lb/>for if you will have the &longs;tone fly out of the &longs;lit, you need not con&shy;

<lb/>tinue its motion uniformly, but at &longs;uch time as it is at the &longs;wifte&longs;t, 

<lb/>you are to &longs;tay your arm, and &longs;top the velocity of the &longs;tick; where&shy;

<lb/>upon the &longs;tone which was in its &longs;wifte&longs;t motion, flyeth out, and 

<lb/>moveth with impetuo&longs;ity: but now that &longs;top cannot be made in 

<lb/>the great &longs;tick, which by rea&longs;on of its length and flexibility, doth 

<lb/>not entirely obey the check of the arm, but continueth to accom&shy;

<lb/>pany the &longs;tone for &longs;ome &longs;pace, and holdeth it in with &longs;o much le&longs;s 

<lb/>force, and not as if you had with a &longs;tiff &longs;ling &longs;ent it going with a 

<lb/>jerk: for if both the &longs;ticks or &longs;lings &longs;hould be check'd by one and 

<lb/>the &longs;ame ob&longs;tacle, I do believe they would fly a&longs;well out of the 

<lb/>one, as out of the other, howbeit their motions were equally 

<lb/>&longs;wift.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>With the permi&longs;&longs;ion of <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> I will an&longs;wer &longs;ome&shy;

<lb/>thing to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> in regard he hath addre&longs;&longs;ed him&longs;elf to me; 

<lb/>and I &longs;ay, that in his di&longs;cour&longs;e there is &longs;omewhat good 

<lb/>and &longs;omewhat bad: good, becau&longs;e it is almo&longs;t all true; 

<lb/>bad, becau&longs;e it doth not agree with our ca&longs;e: Truth is, that when 

<lb/>that which carrieth the &longs;tones with velocity, &longs;hall meet with a 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/198.jpg" pagenum="190"/>check that is immoveable, they &longs;hall fly out with great impetuo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ity: the &longs;ame effect following in that ca&longs;e, which we &longs;ee dayly 

<lb/>to fall out in a boat that running a &longs;wift cour&longs;e, runs a-ground, or 

<lb/>meets with &longs;ome &longs;udden &longs;top, for all tho&longs;e in the boat, being &longs;ur&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg385"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>prized, &longs;tumble forwards, and fall towards the part whither the 

<lb/>boat &longs;teered. </s><s>And in ca&longs;e the Earth &longs;hould meet with &longs;uch a 

<lb/>check, as &longs;hould be able to re&longs;i&longs;t and arre&longs;t its <emph type="italics"/>vertigo,<emph.end type="italics"/> then indeed 

<lb/>I do believe that not onely bea&longs;ts, buildings and cities, but moun&shy;

<lb/>tains, lakes and &longs;eas would overturn, and the globe it &longs;elf would 

<lb/>go near to &longs;hake in pieces; but nothing of all this concerns our 

<lb/>pre&longs;ent purpo&longs;e, for we &longs;peak of what may follow to the motion 

<lb/>of the Earth, it being turn'd round uniformly, and quietly about 

<lb/>its own centre, howbeit with a great velocity. </s><s>That likewi&longs;e 

<lb/>which you &longs;ay of the &longs;lings, is true in part; but was not alledged 

<lb/>by <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> as a thing that punctually agreed with the matter 

<lb/>whereof we treat, but onely, as an example, for &longs;o in gro&longs;s it may 

<lb/>prompt us in the more accurate con&longs;ideration of that point, whe&shy;

<lb/>ther, the velocity increa&longs;ing at any rate, the cau&longs;e of the proje&shy;

<lb/>ction doth increa&longs;e at the &longs;ame rate: &longs;o that <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> if a wheel of 

<lb/>ten yards diameter, moving in &longs;uch a manner that a point of its 

<lb/>circumference will pa&longs;s an hundred yards in a minute of an hour, 

<lb/>and &longs;o hath an <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> able to extrude a &longs;tone, that &longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>&longs;hall be increa&longs;ed an hundred thou&longs;and times in a wheel of a million 

<lb/>of yards diameter; the which <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> denieth, and I incline to his 

<lb/>opinion; but not knowing the rea&longs;on thereof, I have reque&longs;ted it 

<lb/>of him, and &longs;tand impatiently expecting it.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg385"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Graming the di&shy;

<lb/>urnal<emph.end type="italics"/> vertigo <emph type="italics"/>of 

<lb/>the Earth, &amp; that 

<lb/>by &longs;ome &longs;udden &longs;top 

<lb/>or ob&longs;tacle it were 

<lb/>arre&longs;ted, hou&longs;es, 

<lb/>mountains them&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elves, and perhaps 

<lb/>the whole Globe 

<lb/>would be &longs;haken n 

<lb/>pieces.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am ready to give you the be&longs;t &longs;atisfaction, that my 

<lb/>abilities will give leave: And though in my fir&longs;t di&longs;cour&longs;e you 

<lb/>thought that I had enquired into things e&longs;tranged from our pur&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;e, yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e I believe that in the &longs;equel of the di&longs;pute, 

<lb/>you will find that they do not prove &longs;o. </s><s>Therefore let <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>tell me wherein he hath ob&longs;erved that the re&longs;i&longs;tance of any move&shy;

<lb/>able to motion doth con&longs;i&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I &longs;ee not for the pre&longs;ent that the moveable hath any 

<lb/>internal re&longs;i&longs;tance to motion, unle&longs;&longs;e it be its natural inclination 

<lb/>and propen&longs;ion to the contrary motion, as in grave bodies, that 

<lb/>have a propen&longs;ion to the motion downwards, the re&longs;i&longs;tance is to 

<lb/>the motion upwards; and I &longs;aid an internal re&longs;i&longs;tance, becau&longs;e 

<lb/>of this, I think, it is you intend to &longs;peak, and not of the external 

<lb/>re&longs;i&longs;tances, which are many and accidental.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is that indeed I mean, and your nimblene&longs;&longs;e of wit 

<lb/>hath been too hard for my craftine&longs;&longs;e, but if I have been too 

<lb/>&longs;hort in asking the que&longs;tion, I doubt whether <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/> hath been 

<lb/>full enough in his an&longs;wer to &longs;atis&longs;ie the demand; and whether 

<lb/>there be not in the moveable, be&longs;ides the natural inclination to the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/199.jpg" pagenum="191"/>contrary term, another intrin&longs;ick and natural quality, which ma&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg386"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>keth it aver&longs;e to motion. </s><s>Therefore tell me again; do you not 

<lb/>think that the inclination <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> of grave bodies to move down&shy;

<lb/>wards, is equal to the re&longs;i&longs;tance of the &longs;ame to the motion of pro&shy;

<lb/>jection upwards?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg386"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The inclination of 

<lb/>grave bodies to the 

<lb/>motion downwards, 

<lb/>is equal to their 

<lb/>re&longs;i&longs;tance to the 

<lb/>motion upwards.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I believe that it is exactly the &longs;ame. </s><s>And for this rea&longs;on 

<lb/>I &longs;ee that two equal weights being put into a ballance, they do 

<lb/>&longs;tand &longs;till in <emph type="italics"/>equilibrium,<emph.end type="italics"/> the gravity of the one re&longs;i&longs;ting its be&shy;

<lb/>ing rai&longs;ed by the gravity wherewith the other pre&longs;&longs;ing down&shy;

<lb/>wards would rai&longs;e it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Very well; &longs;o that if you would have one rai&longs;e up the 

<lb/>other, you mu&longs;t encrea&longs;e the weight of that which depre&longs;&longs;eth, 

<lb/>or le&longs;&longs;en the weight of the other. </s><s>But if the re&longs;i&longs;tance to a&longs;cend&shy;

<lb/>ing motion cun&longs;i&longs;t onely in gravity, how cometh it to pa&longs;&longs;e, that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg387"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>in ballances of unequal arms, to wit in the ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Stiliard,<emph.end type="italics"/> a weight 

<lb/>&longs;ometimes of an hundred pounds, with its pre&longs;&longs;ion downwards, 

<lb/>doth not &longs;uffice to rai&longs;e up on of four pounds; that &longs;hall counter&shy;

<lb/>poi&longs;e with it, nay this of four, de&longs;cending &longs;hall rai&longs;e up that 

<lb/>of an hundred; for &longs;uch is the effect of the pendant weight upon 

<lb/>the weight which we would weigh? </s><s>If the re&longs;i&longs;tance to motion 

<lb/>re&longs;ideth onely in the gravity, how can the arm with its weight of 

<lb/>four pounds onely, re&longs;i&longs;t the weight of a &longs;ack of wool, or bale of 

<lb/>&longs;ilk, which &longs;hall be eight hundred, or a thou&longs;and weight; yea 

<lb/>more, how can it overcome the &longs;ack with its moment, and rai&longs;e 

<lb/>it up? </s><s>It mu&longs;t therefore be confe&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that here it maketh 

<lb/>u&longs;e of &longs;ome other re&longs;i&longs;tance, and other force, be&longs;ides that of 

<lb/>&longs;imple gravity.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg387"></margin.target>* A portable bal&shy;

<lb/>lance wherewith 

<lb/>market-people 

<lb/>weigh their com&shy;

<lb/>modities, giving it 

<lb/>gravity by remo&shy;

<lb/>ving the weight 

<lb/>farther from the 

<lb/>cock: call'd by the 

<lb/>Latines, <emph type="italics"/>Campana 

<lb/>trutina.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It mu&longs;t needs be &longs;o; therefore tell me what this &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>cond virtue &longs;hould be.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is that which was not in the ballance of equal 

<lb/>arms; you &longs;ee then what variety there is in the Stiliard; and up&shy;

<lb/>on this doubtle&longs;&longs;e dependeth the cau&longs;e of the new effect.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I think that your putting me to it a &longs;econd time, hath 

<lb/>made me remember &longs;omething that may be to the purpo&longs;e. </s><s>In 

<lb/>both the&longs;e beams the bu&longs;ine&longs;s is done by the weight, and by the 

<lb/>motion; in the ballance, the motions are equal, and therefore the 

<lb/>one weight mu&longs;t exceed it in gravity before it can move it; in the 

<lb/>&longs;tiliard, the le&longs;&longs;er weight will not move the greater, unle&longs;s when 

<lb/>this latter moveth little, as being &longs;lung at a le&longs;&longs;er di&longs;tance, and the 

<lb/>other much, as hanging at a greater di&longs;tance from the lacquet or 

<lb/>cock. </s><s>It is nece&longs;&longs;ary therefore to conclude, that the le&longs;&longs;er weight 

<lb/>overcometh the re&longs;i&longs;tance of the greater, by moving much, whil&longs;t 

<lb/>the other is moved but little.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Which is as much as to &longs;ay, that the velocity of the 

<lb/>moveable le&longs;s grave, compen&longs;ateth the gravity of the moveable 

<lb/>more grave and le&longs;s &longs;wift.





<pb xlink:href="065/01/200.jpg" pagenum="192"/><arrow.to.target n="marg388"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg388"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The greater velo&shy;

<lb/>city exactly com&shy;

<lb/>pen&longs;ates thegreater 

<lb/>gravity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But do you think that the velocity doth fully make 

<lb/>good the gravity? </s><s>that is, that the moment and force of a move&shy;

<lb/>able of <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> four pounds weight, is as great as that of one of an 

<lb/>hundred weight, when&longs;oever that the fir&longs;t hath an hundred degrees 

<lb/>of velocity, and the later but four onely?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Yes doubtle&longs;s, as I am able by many experiments to 

<lb/>demon&longs;trate: but for the pre&longs;ent, let this onely of the &longs;tiliard 

<lb/>&longs;uffice: in which you &longs;ee that the light end of the beam is then 

<lb/>able to &longs;u&longs;tain and equilibrate the great Wool &longs;ack, when its di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance from the centre, upon which the &longs;tiliard re&longs;teth and turn&shy;

<lb/>eth, &longs;hall &longs;o much exceed the le&longs;&longs;er di&longs;tance, by how much the ab&shy;

<lb/>&longs;olute gravity of the Wool-&longs;ack exceedeth that of the pendent 

<lb/>weight. </s><s>And we &longs;ee nothing that can cau&longs;e this in&longs;ufficiencie in 

<lb/>the great &longs;ack of Wool, to rai&longs;e with its weight the pendent 

<lb/>weight &longs;o much le&longs;s grave, &longs;ave the di&longs;parity of the motions which 

<lb/>the one and the other &longs;hould make, whil&longs;t that the Wool &longs;ack by 

<lb/>de&longs;cending but one inch onely, will rai&longs;e the pendent weight an 

<lb/>hundred inclies: (&longs;uppo&longs;ing that the &longs;ack did weigh an hundred 

<lb/>times as much, and that the di&longs;tance of the &longs;mall weight from the 

<lb/>centre of the beam were an hundred times greater, than the di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance between the &longs;aid centre and the point of the &longs;acks &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>on.) And again, the pendent weight its moving the &longs;pace of an 

<lb/>hundred inches, in the time that the &longs;ack moveth but one inch 

<lb/>onely, is the &longs;ame as to &longs;ay, that the velocity of the motion of the 

<lb/>little pendent weight, is an hundred times greater than the velo&shy;

<lb/>city of the motion of the &longs;ack. </s><s>Now fix it in your belief, as a 

<lb/>true and manife&longs;t axiom, that the re&longs;i&longs;tance which proceedeth from 

<lb/>the velocity of motion, compen&longs;ateth that which dependeth on 

<lb/>the gravity of another moveable: So that con&longs;equently, a move&shy;

<lb/>able of one pound, that moveth with an hundred degrees of ve&shy;

<lb/>locity, doth as much re&longs;i&longs;t all ob&longs;truction, as another moveable 

<lb/>of an hundred weight, who&longs;e velocity is but one degree onely. 

<lb/></s><s>And two equal moveables will equally re&longs;i&longs;t their being moved, 

<lb/>if that they &longs;hall be moved with equal velocity: but if one be 

<lb/>to be moved more &longs;wiftly than the other, it &longs;hall make greater re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;i&longs;tance, according to the greater velocity that &longs;hall be conferred 

<lb/>on it. </s><s>The&longs;e things being premi&longs;ed, let us proceed to the expla&shy;

<lb/>nation of our Problem; and for the better under&longs;tanding of 

<lb/>things, let us make a &longs;hort Scheme thereof. </s><s>Let two unequal 

<lb/>wheels be de&longs;cribed about this centre A, [<emph type="italics"/>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 7.] and let the 

<lb/>circumference of the le&longs;&longs;er be B G, and of the greater C E H, and 

<lb/>let the &longs;emidiameter A B C, be perpendicular to the Horizon; and 

<lb/>by the points B and C, let us draw the right lined Tangents B F 

<lb/>and C D; and in the arches B G and C E, take two equal parts 

<lb/>B G and C E: and let the two wheels be &longs;uppo&longs;ed to be turn'd 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/201.jpg" pagenum="193"/>round upon their centres with equal velocities, &longs;o as that two mo&shy;

<lb/>veables, which &longs;uppo&longs;e for example to be two &longs;tones placed in the 

<lb/>points B and C, come to be carried along the circumferences B G 

<lb/>and C E, with equal velocities; &longs;o that in the &longs;ame time that the 

<lb/>&longs;tone B &longs;hall have run the arch B G, the &longs;tone C will have pa&longs;t the 

<lb/>arch C E. </s><s>I &longs;ay now, that the whirl or <emph type="italics"/>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> of the le&longs;&longs;er wheel 

<lb/>is much more potent to make the projection of the &longs;tone B, than 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> of the bigger wheel to make that of the &longs;tone C. 

<lb/></s><s>Therefore the projection, as we have already declared, being to be 

<lb/>made along the tangent, when the &longs;tones B and C are to &longs;eparate 

<lb/>from their wheels, and to begin the motion of projection from the 

<lb/>points B and C, then &longs;hall they be extruded by the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> con&shy;

<lb/>ceived from the <emph type="italics"/>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> by (or along) the tangents B F and C D. 

<lb/></s><s>The two &longs;tones therefore have equal impetuo&longs;ities of running a&shy;

<lb/>long the tangents B F and C D, and would run along the &longs;ame, if 

<lb/>they were not turn'd a&longs;ide by &longs;ome other force: is it not &longs;o <emph type="italics"/>Sa&shy;

<lb/>gredus<emph.end type="italics"/>?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>In my opinion the bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e is as you &longs;ay.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But what force, think you, &longs;hould that be which averts 

<lb/>the &longs;tones from moving by the tangents, along which they are cer&shy;

<lb/>tainly driven by the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> of the <emph type="italics"/>vertigo.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It is either their own gravity, or el&longs;e &longs;ome glutinous 

<lb/>matter that holdeth them fa&longs;t and clo&longs;e to the wheels.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But for the diverting of a moveable from the motion 

<lb/>to which nature inciteth it, is there not required greater or le&longs;&longs;er 

<lb/>force, according as the deviation is intended to be greater or le&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;er? </s><s>that is, according as the &longs;aid moveable in its deviation hath a 

<lb/>greater or le&longs;&longs;er &longs;pace to move in the &longs;ame time?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Yes certainly: for it was concluded even now, that to 

<lb/>make a moveable to move; the movent vertue mu&longs;t be increa&longs;ed 

<lb/>in proportion to the velocity wherewith it is to move.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now con&longs;ider, that for the deviating the &longs;tone upon 

<lb/>the le&longs;&longs;e wheel from the motion of projection, which it would 

<lb/>make by the tangent B F, and for the holding of it fa&longs;t to the 

<lb/>wheel, it is required, that its own gravity draw it back the whole 

<lb/>length of the &longs;ecant F G, or of the perpendicular rai&longs;ed from the 

<lb/>point G, to the line B F, whereas in the greater wheel the retracti&shy;

<lb/>on needs to be no more than the &longs;ecant D E, or the perpendicu&shy;

<lb/>lar let fall from the tangent D G to the point E, le&longs;&longs;e by much 

<lb/>than F G, and alwayes le&longs;&longs;er and le&longs;&longs;er according as the wheel is 

<lb/>made bigger. </s><s>And fora&longs;much as the&longs;e retractions (as I may call 

<lb/>them) are required to be made in equal times, that is, whil'&longs;t the 

<lb/>wheels pa&longs;&longs;e the two equal arches B G and C E, that of the &longs;tone 

<lb/>B, that is, the retraction F G ought to be more &longs;wift than the o&shy;

<lb/>ther D E; and therefore much greater force will be required for 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/202.jpg" pagenum="194"/>holding fa&longs;t the &longs;tone B to its little wheel, than for the holding 

<lb/>the &longs;tone C to its great one, which is as much as to &longs;ay, that &longs;uch 

<lb/>a &longs;mall thing will impede the extru&longs;ion in the great wheel, as will 

<lb/>not at all hinder it in the little one. </s><s>It is manife&longs;t therefore that 

<lb/>the more the wheel augmenteth, the more the cau&longs;e of the pro&shy;

<lb/>jection dimini&longs;heth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>From this which I now under&longs;tand, by help of your mi&shy;

<lb/>nute di&longs;&longs;ertation, I am induced to think, that I am able to &longs;atisfie 

<lb/>my judgment in a very few words. </s><s>For equal <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> being im&shy;

<lb/>pre&longs;&longs;ed on both the &longs;tones that move along the tangents, by the 

<lb/>equal velocity of the two wheels, we &longs;ee the great circumference, 

<lb/>by means of its &longs;mall deviation from the tangent, to go &longs;econding, 

<lb/>as it were, and in a fair way refraining in the &longs;tone the appetite, if 

<lb/>I may &longs;o &longs;ay, of &longs;eparating from the circumference; &longs;o that any 

<lb/>&longs;mall retention, either of its own inclination, or of &longs;ome glutina&shy;

<lb/>tion &longs;ufficeth to hold it fa&longs;t to the wheel. </s><s>Which, again, is not a&shy;

<lb/>ble to work the like effect in the little wheel, which but little pro&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ecuting the direction of the tangent, &longs;eeketh with too much ea&shy;

<lb/>gerne&longs;&longs;e to hold fa&longs;t the &longs;tone; and the re&longs;triction and glutination 

<lb/>not being &longs;tronger than that which holdeth the other &longs;tone fa&longs;t to </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg389"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the greater wheel, it ^{*} breaks loo&longs;e, and runneth along the tan&shy;

<lb/>gent. </s><s>Therefore I do not only finde that all tho&longs;e have erred, 

<lb/>who have believed the cau&longs;e of the projection to increa&longs;e accor&shy;

<lb/>ding to the augmentation of the <emph type="italics"/>vertigo's<emph.end type="italics"/> velocity; but I am 

<lb/>further thinking, that the projection dimini&longs;hing in the inlarging of 

<lb/>the wheel, &longs;o long as the &longs;ame velocity is reteined in tho&longs;e wheels; 

<lb/>it may po&longs;&longs;ibly be true, that he that would make the great wheel 

<lb/>extrude things like the little one, would be forced to increa&longs;e 

<lb/>them as much in velocity, as they increa&longs;e in diameter, which he 

<lb/>might do, by making them to fini&longs;h their conver&longs;ions in equal 

<lb/>times; and thus we may conclude, that the Earths revolution or 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> would be no more able to extrude &longs;tones, than any little 

<lb/>wheel that goeth &longs;o &longs;lowly, as that it maketh but one turn in twen&shy;

<lb/>ty four hours.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg389"></margin.target>* Strappar la ca&shy;

<lb/>vezza, <emph type="italics"/>is to break 

<lb/>the bridle.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We will enquire no further into this point for the pre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ent: let it &longs;uffice that we have abundantly (if I deceive not my 

<lb/>&longs;elf) demon&longs;trated the invalidity of the argument, which at fir&longs;t 

<lb/>&longs;ight &longs;eemed very concluding, and was &longs;o held by very famous 

<lb/>men: and I &longs;hall think my time and words well be&longs;towed, if I 

<lb/>have but gained &longs;ome belief in the opinion of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> I will 

<lb/>not &longs;ay or the Earths mobility, but only that the opinion of tho&longs;e 

<lb/>that believe it, is not &longs;o ridiculous and fond, as the rout of vulgar 

<lb/>Philo&longs;ophers e&longs;teem it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The an&longs;wers hitherto produced again&longs;t the arguments 

<lb/>brought again&longs;t this <emph type="italics"/>Diurnal Revolution<emph.end type="italics"/> of the Earth taken from 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/203.jpg" pagenum="195"/>grave bodies falling from the top of a Tower, and from proje&shy;

<lb/>ctions made perpendicularly upwards, or according to any inclina&shy;

<lb/>tion &longs;idewayes towards the Ea&longs;t, We&longs;t, North, South, &amp;c. </s><s>have 

<lb/>&longs;omewhat abated in me the antiquated incredulity I had conceived 

<lb/>again&longs;t that opinion: but other greater doubts run in my mind 

<lb/>at this very in&longs;tant, which I know not in the lea&longs;t how to free my 

<lb/>&longs;elf of, and haply you your &longs;elf will not be able to re&longs;olve them; 

<lb/>nay, its po&longs;&longs;ible you may not have heard them, for they are very 

<lb/>modern. </s><s>And the&longs;e are the objections of two Authours, that <emph type="italics"/>ex 

<lb/>profe&longs;&longs;o<emph.end type="italics"/> write again&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"/> Some of which are read in a 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg390"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>little Tract of natural conclu&longs;ions; The re&longs;t are by a great both 

<lb/>Philo&longs;opher and Mathematician, in&longs;erted in a Treati&longs;e which he 

<lb/>hath written in favour of <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle,<emph.end type="italics"/> and his opinion touching the 

<lb/>inalterability of the Heavens, where he proveth, that not onely 

<lb/>the Comets, but al&longs;o the new &longs;tars, namely, that <emph type="italics"/>anno<emph.end type="italics"/> 1572. in 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ca&longs;&longs;iopeia,<emph.end type="italics"/> and that <emph type="italics"/>anno<emph.end type="italics"/> 1604. in <emph type="italics"/>Sagittarius<emph.end type="italics"/> were not above the 

<lb/>Spheres of the Planets, but ab&longs;olutely beneath the concave of 

<lb/>the Moon in the Elementary Sphere, and this he demon&longs;trateth a&shy;

<lb/>gain&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Tycho, Kepler,<emph.end type="italics"/> and many other Aftronomical Ob&longs;ervators, 

<lb/>and beateth them at their own weapon; to wit, the Doctrine of 

<lb/>Parallaxes. </s><s>If you like thereof, I will give you the rea&longs;ons of 

<lb/>both the&longs;e Authours, for I have read them more than once, 

<lb/>with attention; and you may examine their &longs;trength, and give 

<lb/>your opinion thereon.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg390"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Other objections 

<lb/>of two modern Au&shy;

<lb/>thors against<emph.end type="italics"/> Co&shy;

<lb/>pernicus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In regard that our principal end is to bring upon the 

<lb/>&longs;tage, and to con&longs;ider what ever hath been &longs;aid for, or again&longs;t the 

<lb/>two Sy&longs;temes, <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomaick,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Copernican,<emph.end type="italics"/> it is not good to omit 

<lb/>any thing that hath been written on this &longs;ubject.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will begin therefore with the objections which I finde 

<lb/>in the Treati&longs;e of Conclu&longs;ions, and afterwards proceed to the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg391"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>re&longs;t. </s><s>In the fir&longs;t place then, he be&longs;toweth much paines in calcu&shy;

<lb/>lating exactly how many miles an hour a point of the terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe &longs;ituate under the Equinoctial, goeth, and how many miles 

<lb/>are pa&longs;t by other points &longs;ituate in other parallels: and not being 

<lb/>content with finding out &longs;uch motions in horary times, he findeth 

<lb/>them al&longs;o in a minute of an hour; and not contenting him&longs;elf 

<lb/>with a minute, he findes them al&longs;o in a &longs;econd minute; yea more, 

<lb/>he goeth on to &longs;hew plainly, how many miles a Cannon bullet 

<lb/>would go in the &longs;ame time, being placed in the concave of the Lu&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg392"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>nar Orb, &longs;uppo&longs;ing it al&longs;o as big as <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf repre&longs;enteth 

<lb/>it, to take away all &longs;ubterfuges from his adver&longs;ary. </s><s>And having 

<lb/>made this mo&longs;t ingenious and exqui&longs;ite &longs;upputation, he &longs;heweth, 

<lb/>that a grave body falling from thence above would con&longs;ume more 

<lb/>than &longs;ix dayes in attaining to the centre of the Earth, to which all 

<lb/>grave bodies naturally move. </s><s>Now if by the ab&longs;olute Divine 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/204.jpg" pagenum="196"/>Power, or by &longs;ome Angel, a very great Cannon bullet were carri&shy;

<lb/>ed up thither, and placed in our Zenith or vertical point, and from 

<lb/>thence let go at liberty, it is in his, and al&longs;o in my opinion, a mo&longs;t 

<lb/>incredible thing that it, in de&longs;cending downwards, &longs;hould all the 

<lb/>way maintain it &longs;elf in our vertical line, continuing to turn round 

<lb/>with the Earth, about its centre, for &longs;o many dayes, de&longs;cribing 

<lb/>under the Equinoctial a Spiral line in the plain of the great circle 

<lb/>it &longs;elf: and under other Parallels, Spiral lines about Cones, and 

<lb/>under the Poles falling by a &longs;imple right line. </s><s>He, in the next 

<lb/>place, &longs;tabli&longs;heth and confirmeth this great improbability by pro&shy;

<lb/>ving, in the way of interrogations, many difficulties impo&longs;&longs;ible to 

<lb/>be removed by the followers of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/>; and they are, if I do 

<lb/>well remember-----.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg391"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The fir&longs;t obje&shy;

<lb/>ction of the mo&shy;

<lb/>dern Author of 

<lb/>the little tract of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Conclu&longs;ions.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg392"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A Cannon bul&shy;

<lb/>let would &longs;pend 

<lb/>more than &longs;ix days 

<lb/>in falling from the 

<lb/>Concave of the 

<lb/>Moon to the cen&shy;

<lb/>tre of the Earth, 

<lb/>according to the o&shy;

<lb/>pinion of that mo&shy;

<lb/>dern Author of the<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Conclu&longs;ions.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Take up a little, good <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> and do not load me 

<lb/>with &longs;o many novelties at once: I have but a bad memory, and 

<lb/>therefore I mu&longs;t not go too fa&longs;t. </s><s>And in regard it cometh into 

<lb/>my minde, that I once undertook to calculate how long time &longs;uch a 

<lb/>grave body falling from the concave of the Moon, would be in 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;ing to the centre of the Earth, and that I think I remember 

<lb/>that the time would not be &longs;o long; it would be fit that you &longs;hew 

<lb/>us by what rule this Author made his calculation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>He hath done it by proving his intent <emph type="italics"/>&agrave; fortiori,<emph.end type="italics"/> a &longs;uffi&shy;

<lb/>cient advantage for his adver&longs;aries, &longs;uppo&longs;ing that the velocity of 

<lb/>the body falling along the vertical line, towards the centre of the 

<lb/>Earth, were equal to the velocity of its circular motion, which it 

<lb/>made in the grand circle of the concave of the Lunar Orb. 

<lb/></s><s>Which by equation would come to pa&longs;&longs;e in an hour, twelve thou&shy;

<lb/>&longs;and &longs;ix hundred German miles, a thing which indeed &longs;avours of 

<lb/>impo&longs;&longs;ibility: Yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e, to &longs;hew his abundant caution, 

<lb/>and to give all advantages to his adver&longs;aries, he &longs;uppo&longs;eth it for 

<lb/>true, and concludeth, that the time o&longs; the fall ought however to 

<lb/>be more than &longs;ix dayes.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And is this the &longs;um of his method? </s><s>And doth he by 

<lb/>this demon&longs;tration prove the time of the fall to be above &longs;ix 

<lb/>dayes?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Me thinks that he hath behaved him&longs;elf too mode&longs;tly, 

<lb/>for that having it in the power of his will to give what velocity he 

<lb/>plea&longs;ed to &longs;uch a de&longs;cending body, and might a&longs;well have made it 

<lb/>&longs;ix moneths, nay, &longs;ix years in falling to the Earth, he is content 

<lb/>with &longs;ix dayes. </s><s>But, good <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;harpen my appetite a lit&shy;

<lb/>tle, by telling me in what manner you made your computation, in 

<lb/>regard you &longs;ay, that you have heretofore ca&longs;t it up: for I am con&shy;

<lb/>fident that if the que&longs;tion had not required &longs;ome ingenuity in 

<lb/>working it, you would never have applied your minde unto 

<lb/>it.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/205.jpg" pagenum="197"/><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is not enough, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that the &longs;ubjects be noble 

<lb/>and great, but the bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e con&longs;i&longs;ts in handling it nobly. </s><s>And 

<lb/>who knoweth not, that in the di&longs;&longs;ection of the members of 

<lb/>a bea&longs;t, there may be di&longs;covered infinite wonders of provident 

<lb/>and prudent Nature; and yet for one, that the Anatomi&longs;t di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ects, the butcher cuts up a thou&longs;and. </s><s>Thus I, who am now 

<lb/>&longs;eeking how to &longs;atisfie your demand, cannot tell with which of the 

<lb/>two &longs;hapes I had be&longs;t to appear on the Stage; but yet, taking 

<lb/>heart from the example of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> his Authour, I will, with&shy;

<lb/>out more delays, give you an account (if I have not forgot) how 

<lb/>I proceeded. </s><s>But before I go any further, I mu&longs;t not omit to tell 

<lb/>you, that I much fear that <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> hath not faithfully related 

<lb/>the manner how this his Authour found, that the Cannon bul&shy;

<lb/>let in coming from the concave of the Moon to the centre of the 

<lb/>Earth, would &longs;pend more than fix dayes: for if he had &longs;uppo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ed that its velocity in de&longs;cending was equal to that of the 

<lb/>concave (as <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aith he doth &longs;uppo&longs;e) he would have 

<lb/>&longs;hewn him&longs;elf ignorant of the fir&longs;t, and more &longs;imple principles 

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Geometry<emph.end type="italics"/>; yea, I admire that <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> in admitting the 

<lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;ition which he &longs;peaketh of, doth not &longs;ee the mon&longs;trous ab&shy;

<lb/>&longs;urdity that is couched in it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Its po&longs;&longs;ible that I may have erred in relating it; but 

<lb/>that I &longs;ee any fallacy in it, I am &longs;ure is not true.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Perhaps I did not rightly apprehend that which you 

<lb/>&longs;aid, Do you not &longs;ay, that this Authour maketh the velocity 

<lb/>of the bullet in de&longs;cending equall to that which it had in tur&shy;

<lb/>ning round, being in the concave of the Moon, and that com&shy;

<lb/>ming down with the &longs;ame velocity, it would reach to the centre 

<lb/>in &longs;ix dayes?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. So, as I think, he writeth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And do not you perceive a &longs;hamefull errour therein? 

<lb/></s><s>But que&longs;tionle&longs;&longs;e you di&longs;&longs;emble it: For it cannot be, but that 

<lb/>you &longs;hould know that the &longs;emidiameter of the Circle is le&longs;&longs;e than 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg393"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the &longs;ixth part of the circumference; and that con&longs;equently, the 

<lb/>time in which the moveable &longs;hall pa&longs;&longs;e the &longs;emidiameter, &longs;hall be 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e than the &longs;ixth part of the time; in which, being moved 

<lb/>with the &longs;ame velocity, it would pa&longs;&longs;e the circumference; and 

<lb/>that therefore the bullet de&longs;cending with the velocity, where&shy;

<lb/>with it moved in the concave, will arrive in le&longs;&longs;e than four hours 

<lb/>at the centre, &longs;uppo&longs;ing that in the concave one revolution 

<lb/>&longs;hould be con&longs;ummate in twenty four hours, as he mu&longs;t of ne&shy;

<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ity have &longs;uppo&longs;ed it, for to keep it all the way in the &longs;ame 

<lb/>vertical line.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg393"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A &longs;hamefull 

<lb/>errour in the Ar&shy;

<lb/>gument taken from 

<lb/>the bullets falling 

<lb/>out of the Moons 

<lb/>concave.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Now I thorowly perceive the mi&longs;take: but yet I 

<lb/>would not lay it upon him unde&longs;ervedly, for it's po&longs;&longs;ible that I 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/206.jpg" pagenum="198"/>may have erred in rehear&longs;ing his Argument, and to avoid running 

<lb/>into the &longs;ame mi&longs;takes for the future, I could wi&longs;h I had his 

<lb/>Book; and if you had any body to &longs;end for it, I would take it 

<lb/>for a great favour.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You &longs;hall not want a Lacquey that will runne for it 

<lb/>with all &longs;peed: and he &longs;hall do it pre&longs;ently, without lo&longs;ing any 

<lb/>time; in the mean time <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> may plea&longs;e to oblige us with his 

<lb/>computation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>If he go, he &longs;hall finde it lie open upon my Desk, 

<lb/>together with that of the other Author, who al&longs;o argueth a&shy;

<lb/>gain&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>We will make him bring that al&longs;o for the more cer&shy;

<lb/>tainty: and in the interim <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hall make his calculation: I 

<lb/>have di&longs;patch't away a me&longs;&longs;enger.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Above all things it mu&longs;t be con&longs;idered, that the motion 

<lb/>of de&longs;cending grave bodies is not uniform, but departing from 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg394"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>re&longs;t they go continually accelerating: An effect known and ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erved by all men, unle&longs;&longs;e it be by the forementioned modern Au&shy;

<lb/>thour, who not &longs;peaking of acceleration, maketh it even and u&shy;

<lb/>niforme. </s><s>But this general notion is of no avail, if it be not known 

<lb/>according to what proportion this increa&longs;e of velocity is made; a 

<lb/>conclu&longs;ion that hath been until our times unknown to all <emph type="italics"/>Philo&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>phers<emph.end type="italics"/>; and was fir&longs;t found out &amp; demon&longs;trated by the ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Academick,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg395"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>our common friend, who in &longs;ome of his ^{*} writings not yet publi&longs;h&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg396"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ed, but in familiarity &longs;hewn to me, and &longs;ome others of his ac&shy;

<lb/>quaintance he proveth, how that the acceleration of the right mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of grave bodies, is made according to the numbers uneven 

<lb/>beginning <emph type="italics"/>ab unitate,<emph.end type="italics"/> that is, any number of equal times being a&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;igned, if in the fir&longs;t time the moveable departing from re&longs;t &longs;hall 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg397"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>have pa&longs;&longs;ed &longs;uch a certain &longs;pace, as for example, an ell, in the &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>cond time it &longs;hall have pa&longs;&longs;ed three ells, in the third five, in the 

<lb/>fourth &longs;even, and &longs;o progre&longs;&longs;ively, according to the following odd 

<lb/>numbers; which in &longs;hort is the &longs;ame, as if I &longs;hould &longs;ay, that the 

<lb/>&longs;paces pa&longs;&longs;ed by the moveable departing from its re&longs;t, are unto 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg398"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>each other in proportion double to the proportion of the times, 

<lb/>in which tho&longs;e &longs;paces are mea&longs;ured; or we will &longs;ay, that the 

<lb/>&longs;paces pa&longs;&longs;ed are to each other, as the &longs;quares of their times.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg394"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An exact com&shy;

<lb/>pute of the time of 

<lb/>the fall of the Ca&shy;

<lb/>non bullet from the 

<lb/>Moons concave to 

<lb/>the Earths centre.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg395"></margin.target>* The Author.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg396"></margin.target>* By the&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Wri&shy;

<lb/>tings,<emph.end type="italics"/> he every 

<lb/>where meanes his 

<lb/>Dialogues, <emph type="italics"/>De mo&shy;

<lb/>tu,<emph.end type="italics"/> which I promi&longs;e 

<lb/>to give you in my 

<lb/>&longs;econd Volume.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg397"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Acceleration of 

<lb/>the natural motion 

<lb/>of grave bodies is 

<lb/>made according to 

<lb/>the odde numbers 

<lb/>beginning at unity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg398"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;paces pa&longs;t 

<lb/>by the falling 

<lb/>grave body are as 

<lb/>the &longs;quares of their 

<lb/>times.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This is truly admirable: and do you &longs;ay that there is 

<lb/>a Mathematical demon&longs;tration for it?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Yes, purely Mathematical; and not onely for this, but 

<lb/>for many other very admirable pa&longs;&longs;ions, pertaining to natural mo&shy;

<lb/>tions, and to projects al&longs;o, all invented, and demon&longs;trated by <emph type="italics"/>Our<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg399"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Friend,<emph.end type="italics"/> and I have &longs;een and con&longs;idered them all to my very great 

<lb/>content and admiration, &longs;eeing a new compleat Doctrine to &longs;pring 

<lb/>up touching a &longs;ubject, upon which have been written hundreds of 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/207.jpg" pagenum="199"/>Volumes; and yet not &longs;o much as one of the infinite admirable 

<lb/>conclu&longs;ions that tho&longs;e his writings contain, hath ever been ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erved, or under&longs;tood by any one, before <emph type="italics"/>Our Friend<emph.end type="italics"/> made 

<lb/>them out.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg399"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An intire and 

<lb/>new Science of the<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Academick <emph type="italics"/>concer&shy;

<lb/>ning local motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You make me lo&longs;e the de&longs;ire I had to under&longs;tand 

<lb/>more in our di&longs;putes in hand, onely that I may hear &longs;ome of 

<lb/>tho&longs;e demon&longs;trations which you &longs;peak of; therefore either give 

<lb/>them me pre&longs;ently, or at lea&longs;t promi&longs;e me upon your word, to 

<lb/>appoint a particular conference concerning them, at which <emph type="italics"/>Sim&shy;

<lb/>plicius<emph.end type="italics"/> al&longs;o may be pre&longs;ent, if he &longs;hall have a mind to hear the 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;ions and accidents of the primary effect in Nature.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I &longs;hall undoubtedly be much plea&longs;ed therewith, though 

<lb/>indeed, as to what concerneth Natural Philo&longs;ophy, I do not think 

<lb/>that it is nece&longs;&longs;ary to de&longs;cend unto minute particularities, a gene&shy;

<lb/>ral knowledg of the definition of motion, and of the di&longs;tin&shy;

<lb/>ction of natural and violent, even and accelerate, and the like, 

<lb/>&longs;ufficing: For if this were not &longs;ufficient, I do not think that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&shy;

<lb/>&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> would have omitted to have taught us what ever more was 

<lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It may be &longs;o. </s><s>But let us not lo&longs;e more time about 

<lb/>this, which I promi&longs;e to &longs;pend half a day apart in, for your &longs;atis&shy;

<lb/>faction; nay, now I remember, I did promi&longs;e you once before to 

<lb/>&longs;atisfie you herein. </s><s>Returning therefore to our begun calcula&shy;

<lb/>tion of the time, wherein the grave cadent body would pa&longs;s from 

<lb/>the concave of the Moon to the centre of the Earth, that we may 

<lb/>not proceed arbitrarily and at randon, but with a Logical method, 

<lb/>we will fir&longs;t attempt to a&longs;certain our &longs;elves by experiments often 

<lb/>repeated, in how long time a ball <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> of Iron de&longs;cendeth to the 

<lb/>Earth from an altitude of an hundred yards.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Let us therefore take a ball of &longs;uch a determinate 

<lb/>weight, and let it be the &longs;ame wherewith we intend to make the 

<lb/>computation of the time of de&longs;cent from the Moon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is not material, for that a ball of one, of ten, of an 

<lb/>hundred, of a thou&longs;and pounds, will all mea&longs;ure the &longs;ame hundred 

<lb/>yards in the &longs;ame time.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But this I cannot believe, nor much le&longs;s doth <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>think &longs;o, who writeth, that the velocities of de&longs;cending grave 

<lb/>bodies, are in the &longs;ame proportion to one another, as their gra&shy;

<lb/>vities.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If you will admit this for true, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> you mu&longs;t be&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg400"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>lieve al&longs;o, that two balls of the &longs;ame matter, being let fall in the 

<lb/>&longs;ame moment, one of an hundred pounds, and another of one, 

<lb/>from an altitude of an hundred yards, the great one arriveth at the 

<lb/>ground, before the other is de&longs;cended but one yard onely: Now 

<lb/>bring your fancy, if you can, to imagine, that you &longs;ee the great 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/208.jpg" pagenum="200"/>ball got to the ground, when the little one is &longs;till within le&longs;s than 

<lb/>a yard of the top of the Tower.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg400"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The error of<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&shy;

<lb/>&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>in affirming, 

<lb/>falling grave bo&shy;

<lb/>dies to move accor&shy;

<lb/>ding to the propor&shy;

<lb/>tion of their gravi&shy;

<lb/>ties.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>That this propo&longs;ition is mo&longs;t fal&longs;e, I make no doubt in 

<lb/>the world; but yet that yours is ab&longs;olutely true, I cannot well 

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;ure my &longs;elf: neverthele&longs;s, I believe it, &longs;eeing that you &longs;o re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;olutely affirm it; which I am &longs;ure you would not do, if you had 

<lb/>not certain experience, or &longs;ome clear demon&longs;tration thereof.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have both: and when we &longs;hall handle the bu&longs;ine&longs;s 

<lb/>of motions apart, I will communicate them: in the interim, that 

<lb/>we may have no more occa&longs;ions of interrupting our di&longs;cour&longs;e, we 

<lb/>will &longs;uppo&longs;e, that we are to make our computation upon a ball of 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg401"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Iron of an hundred <emph type="italics"/>(a)<emph.end type="italics"/> pounds, the which by reiterated experi&shy;

<lb/>ments de&longs;cendeth from the altitude of an hundred <emph type="italics"/>(b)<emph.end type="italics"/> yards, in 

<lb/>five &longs;econd-minutes of an hour. </s><s>And becau&longs;e, as we have &longs;aid, 

<lb/>the &longs;paces that are mea&longs;ured by the cadent moveable, increa&longs;e in 

<lb/>double proportion; that is, according to the &longs;quares of the times, 

<lb/>being that the time of one fir&longs;t-minute is duodecuple to the time 

<lb/>of five &longs;econds, if we multiply the hundred yards by the &longs;quare of 

<lb/>12, that is by 144, we &longs;hall have 14400, which &longs;hall be the num&shy;

<lb/>ber of yards that the &longs;ame moveable &longs;hall pa&longs;s in one fir&longs;t-minute 

<lb/>of an hour: and following the &longs;ame rule becau&longs;e one hour is 60 

<lb/>minutes, multiplying 14400, the number of yards pa&longs;t in one mi&shy;

<lb/>nute, by the &longs;quare of 60, that is, by 3600, there &longs;hall come forth 

<lb/>51840000, the number of yards to be pa&longs;&longs;ed in an hour, which 

<lb/>make 17280 miles. </s><s>And de&longs;iring to know the &longs;pace that the &longs;aid 

<lb/>ball would pa&longs;s in 4 hours, let us multiply 17280 by 16, (which 

<lb/>is the &longs;quare of 4) and the product will be 276480 miles: which 

<lb/>number is much greater than the di&longs;tance from the Lunar concave 

<lb/>to the centre of the Earth, which is but 196000 miles, making the 

<lb/>di&longs;tance of the concave 56 &longs;emidiameters of the Earth, as that mo&shy;

<lb/>dern Author doth; and the &longs;emidiameter of the Earth 3500 miles, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg402"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of 3000 ^{*}<emph type="italics"/>Braces<emph.end type="italics"/> to a &dagger;mile, which are our <emph type="italics"/>Italian<emph.end type="italics"/> miles.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg401"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>(a) (b)<emph.end type="italics"/> Note that 

<lb/>the&longs;e Calculations 

<lb/>are made in <emph type="italics"/>Itali&shy;

<lb/>an<emph.end type="italics"/> weights and 

<lb/>mea&longs;ures. </s><s>And 100 

<lb/>pounds <emph type="italics"/>Haverdu&shy;

<lb/>poi&longs;e<emph.end type="italics"/> make 131 <emph type="italics"/>l. 

<lb/></s><s>Florentine.<emph.end type="italics"/> And 

<lb/>100 Engli&longs;h yards 

<lb/>makes 150 2/5 Braces 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Florent.<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;o that the 

<lb/>brace or yard of 

<lb/>our <emph type="italics"/>Author<emph.end type="italics"/> is 3/4 

<lb/>of cur yard.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg402"></margin.target>* The <emph type="italics"/>Italian<emph.end type="italics"/> mea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ure which I com&shy;

<lb/>monly tran&longs;l te 

<lb/>yards.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Therefore, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> that &longs;pace from the concave of the Moon 

<lb/>to the centre of the Earth, which your Accomptant &longs;aid could 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg403"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>not be pa&longs;&longs;ed under more than &longs;ix days, you &longs;ee that (computing 

<lb/>by experience, and not upon the fingers ends) that it &longs;hall be pa&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ed in much le&longs;s than four hours; and making the computation 

<lb/>exact, it &longs;hall be pa&longs;&longs;ed by the moveable in 3 hours, 22 <emph type="italics"/>min. </s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and 4 &longs;econds.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg403"></margin.target>&dagger; The <emph type="italics"/>Italian<emph.end type="italics"/> mile 

<lb/>is 1000/1056 of our mile.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I be&longs;eech you, dear Sir, do not defraud me of this ex&shy;

<lb/>act calculation, for it mu&longs;t needs be very excellent.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So indeed it is: therefore having (as I have &longs;aid) by 

<lb/>diligent tryal ob&longs;erved, that &longs;uch a moveable pa&longs;&longs;eth in its de&longs;cent, 

<lb/>the height of 100 yards in 5 &longs;econds of an hour, we will &longs;ay, if 

<lb/>100 yards are pa&longs;&longs;ed in 5 &longs;econds; in how many &longs;econds &longs;hall 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/209.jpg" pagenum="201"/>588000000 yards (for &longs;o many are in 56 diameters of the Earth) 

<lb/>be pa&longs;&longs;ed? </s><s>The rule for this work is, that the third number mu&longs;t 

<lb/>be multiplied by the &longs;quare of the &longs;econd, of which doth come 

<lb/>14700000000, which ought to be divided by the fir&longs;t, that is, by 

<lb/>100, and the root &longs;quare of the quotient, that is, 12124 is the 

<lb/>number &longs;ought, namely 12124 <emph type="italics"/>min. </s><s>&longs;ecun.<emph.end type="italics"/> of an hour, which are 

<lb/>3 hours, 22 <emph type="italics"/>min. </s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"/> and 4 &longs;econds.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I have &longs;een the working, but I know nothing of the 

<lb/>rea&longs;on for &longs;o working, nor do I now think it a time to ask it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Yet I will give it, though you do not ask it, becau&longs;e it 

<lb/>is very ea&longs;ie. </s><s>Let us mark the&longs;e three numbers with the Letters 

<lb/>A fir&longs;t, B &longs;econd, C 

<lb/><figure id="id.065.01.209.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/209/1.jpg"/>

<lb/>third. </s><s>A and C are the 

<lb/>numbers of the &longs;paces, 

<lb/>B is the number of the 

<lb/>time; the fourth number 

<lb/>is &longs;ought, of the time 

<lb/>al&longs;o. </s><s>And becau&longs;e we 

<lb/>know, that look what 

<lb/>proportion the &longs;pace A, 

<lb/>hath to the &longs;puace C, the 

<lb/>&longs;ame proportion &longs;hall the 

<lb/>&longs;quare of the time B 

<lb/>have to the &longs;qare of the 

<lb/>time, which is &longs;ought. 

<lb/></s><s>Therefore by the Golden Rule, let the number C be multi&shy;

<lb/>plied by the &longs;quare of the number B, and let the product be di&shy;

<lb/>vided by the number A, and the quotient &longs;hall be the &longs;quare of 

<lb/>the number &longs;ought, and its &longs;quare root &longs;hall be the number it &longs;elf 

<lb/>that is &longs;ought. </s><s>Now you &longs;ee how ea&longs;ie it is to be under&longs;tood.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>So are all truths, when once they are found out, but the 

<lb/>difficulty lyeth in finding them. </s><s>I very well apprehend it, and kindly 

<lb/>thank you. </s><s>And if there remain any other curio&longs;ity touching this 

<lb/>point, I pray you let us hear it; for if I may &longs;peak my mind, I 

<lb/>will with the favour of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> that from your di&longs;cour&longs;es I al&shy;

<lb/>wayes learn &longs;ome new motion, but from tho&longs;e of his Philo&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>phers, I do not remember that I have learn't any thing of mo&shy;

<lb/>ment.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>There might be much more &longs;aid touching the&longs;e local 

<lb/>motions; but according to agreement, we will re&longs;erve it to a par&shy;

<lb/>ticular conference, and for the pre&longs;ent I will &longs;peak &longs;omething 

<lb/>touching the Author named by <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> who thinketh he hath 

<lb/>given a great advantage to the adver&longs;e party in granting that, that 

<lb/>Canon bullet in falling from the concave of the Moon may de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cend with a velocity equal to the velocity wherewith it would 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/210.jpg" pagenum="202"/>turn round, &longs;taying there above, and moving along with the di&shy;

<lb/>urnal conver&longs;ion. </s><s>Now I tell him, that that &longs;ame ball falling from 

<lb/>the concave unto the centre, will acquire a degree of velocity 

<lb/>much more than double the velocity of the diurnal motion of the 

<lb/>Lunar concave; and this I will make out by &longs;olid and not imper&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg404"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tinent &longs;uppo&longs;itions. </s><s>You mu&longs;t know therefore that the grave 

<lb/>body falling and acquiring all the way new velocity according 

<lb/>to the proportion already mentioned, hath in any what&longs;oever 

<lb/>place of the line of its motion &longs;uch a degree of velocity, that if it 

<lb/>&longs;hould continue to move therewith, uniformly without farther 

<lb/>encrea&longs;ing it; in another time like to that of its de&longs;cent, it would 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;e a &longs;pace double to that pa&longs;&longs;ed in the line of the precedent 

<lb/>motion of de&longs;cent. </s><s>And thus for example, if that ball in coming 

<lb/>from the concave of the Moon to its centre hath &longs;pent three hours, 

<lb/>22 min. <emph type="italics"/>prim.<emph.end type="italics"/> and 4 &longs;econds, I &longs;ay, that being arrived at the cen&shy;

<lb/>tre, it &longs;hall find it &longs;elf con&longs;tituted in &longs;uch a degree of velocity, that 

<lb/>if with that, without farther encrea&longs;ing it, it &longs;hould continue to 

<lb/>move uniformly, it would in other 3 hours, 22 min. <emph type="italics"/>prim.<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>4 &longs;econds, pa&longs;&longs;e double that &longs;pace, namely as much as the whole 

<lb/>diameter of the Lunar Orb; and becau&longs;e from the Moons con&shy;

<lb/>cave to the centre are 196000 miles, which the ball pa&longs;&longs;eth in 3 

<lb/>hours 22 <emph type="italics"/>prim.<emph.end type="italics"/> min. </s><s>and 4 &longs;econds, therefore (according to what 

<lb/>hath been &longs;aid) the ball continuing to move with the velocity 

<lb/>which it is found to have in its arrival at the centre, it would 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;e in other 3 hours 22 min. </s><s>prim. </s><s>and 4 &longs;econds, a &longs;pace dou&shy;

<lb/>ble to that, namely 392000 miles; but the &longs;ame continuing in 

<lb/>the concave of the Moon, which is in circuit 1232000 miles, and 

<lb/>moving therewith in a diurnal motion, it would make in the &longs;ame 

<lb/>time, that is in 3 hours 22 min. </s><s>prim. </s><s>and 4 &longs;econds, 172880 

<lb/>miles, which are fewer by many than the half of the 392000 

<lb/>miles. </s><s>You &longs;ee then that the motion in the concave is not as the 

<lb/>modern Author &longs;aith, that is, of a velocity impo&longs;&longs;ible for the fall&shy;

<lb/>ing ball to partake of, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg404"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The falling move&shy;

<lb/>able if it move with 

<lb/>a degree of veloci&shy;

<lb/>ty acquired in a 

<lb/>like time with an 

<lb/>uniform motion, it 

<lb/>&longs;hall pa&szlig; a &longs;pace 

<lb/>double to that pa&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ed with the acce&shy;

<lb/>leratedmotion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The di&longs;cour&longs;e would pa&longs;s for current, and would give 

<lb/>me full &longs;atisfaction, if that particular was but &longs;alved, of the mo&shy;

<lb/>ving of the moveable by a double &longs;pace to that pa&longs;&longs;ed in falling 

<lb/>in another time equal to that of the de&longs;cent, in ca&longs;e it doth continue 

<lb/>to move uniformly with the greate&longs;t degree of velocity acquired 

<lb/>in de&longs;cending. </s><s>A propo&longs;ition which you al&longs;o once before &longs;uppo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ed as true, but never demon&longs;trated.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is one of the demon&longs;trations of <emph type="italics"/>Our Friend,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>you &longs;hall &longs;ee it in due time; but for the pre&longs;ent, I will with &longs;ome 

<lb/>conjectures (not teach you any thing that is new, but) remember you 

<lb/>of a certain contrary opinion, and &longs;hew you, that it may haply &longs;o be. 

<lb/></s><s>A bullet of lead hanging in a long and fine thread fa&longs;tened to the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/211.jpg" pagenum="203"/>roof, if we remove it far from perpendicularity, and then let it go, 

<lb/>have you not ob&longs;erved that, it declining, will pa&longs;s freely, and well 

<lb/>near as far to the other &longs;ide of the perpendicular?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I have ob&longs;erved it very well, and find (e&longs;pecially if the 

<lb/>plummet be of any con&longs;iderable weight) that it ri&longs;eth &longs;o little le&longs;s 

<lb/>than it de&longs;cended, &longs;o that I have &longs;ometimes thought, that the a&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cending arch is equal to that de&longs;cending, and thereupon made it 

<lb/>a que&longs;tion whether the vibrations might not perpetuate them&longs;elves; 

<lb/>and I believe that they might, if that it were po&longs;&longs;ible to remove 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg405"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the impediment of the Air, which re&longs;i&longs;ting penetration, doth &longs;ome 

<lb/>&longs;mall matter retard and impede the motion of the <emph type="italics"/>pendulum,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>though indeed that impediment is but &longs;mall: in favour of which 

<lb/>opinion the great number of vibrations that are made before the 

<lb/>moveable wholly cea&longs;eth to move, &longs;eems to plead.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg405"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motion of 

<lb/>grave<emph.end type="italics"/> penduli 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>might be perpetua&shy;

<lb/>ted, impediments 

<lb/>being removed.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The motion would not be perpetual, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> al&shy;

<lb/>though the impediment of the Air were totally removed, becau&longs;e 

<lb/>there is another much more ab&longs;tru&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And what is that? </s><s>as for my part I can think of no 

<lb/>other?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You will be plea&longs;ed when you hear it, but I &longs;hall not 

<lb/>tell it you till anon: in the mean time, let us proceed. </s><s>I have 

<lb/>propo&longs;ed the ob&longs;ervation of this <emph type="italics"/>Pendulum,<emph.end type="italics"/> to the intent, that you 

<lb/>&longs;hould under&longs;tand, that the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> acquired in the de&longs;cending 

<lb/>arch, where the motion is natural, is of it &longs;elf able to drive the 

<lb/>&longs;aid ball with a violent motion, as far on the other &longs;ide in the like 

<lb/>a&longs;cending arch; if &longs;o, I &longs;ay, of it &longs;elf, all external impediments 

<lb/>being removed: I believe al&longs;o that every one takes it for granted, 

<lb/>that as in the de&longs;cending arch the velocity all the way increa&longs;eth, 

<lb/>till it come to the lowe&longs;t point, or its perpendicularity; &longs;o from 

<lb/>this point, by the other a&longs;cending arch, it all the wav dimini&longs;heth, 

<lb/>untill it come to its extreme and highe&longs;t point: and dimini&longs;hing 

<lb/>with the &longs;ame proportions, where with it did before increa&longs;e, &longs;o that 

<lb/>the dgrees of the velocities in the points equidi&longs;tant from the point 

<lb/>of perpendicularity, are equal to each other. </s><s>Hence it &longs;eemeth 

<lb/>to me (arguing with all due mode&longs;ty) that I might ea&longs;ily be induced 

<lb/>to believe, that if the Terre&longs;trial Globe were bored thorow the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg406"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>centre, a Canon bullet de&longs;cending through that Well, would ac&shy;

<lb/>quire by that time it came to the centre, &longs;uch an impul&longs;e of velo&shy;

<lb/>city, that, it having pa&longs;&longs;ed beyond the centre, would &longs;pring it up&shy;

<lb/>wards the other way, as great a &longs;pace, as that was wherewith it had 

<lb/>de&longs;cended, all the way beyond the centre dimini&longs;hing the velocity 

<lb/>with decrea&longs;ements like to the increa&longs;ements acquired in the de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cent: and the time &longs;pent in this &longs;econd motion of a&longs;cent, I be&shy;

<lb/>lieve, would be equal to the time of de&longs;cent. </s><s>Now if the move&shy;

<lb/>able by dimini&longs;hing that its greate&longs;t degree of velocity which it 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/212.jpg" pagenum="204"/>had in the centre, &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively until it come to total extinction, 

<lb/>do carry the moveable in &longs;uch a time &longs;uch a certain &longs;pace, as it had 

<lb/>gone in &longs;uch a like quantity of time, by the acqui&longs;t of velocity 

<lb/>from the total privation of it until it came to that its greate&longs;t degree; 

<lb/>it &longs;eemeth very rea&longs;onable, that if it &longs;hould move always with the 

<lb/>&longs;aid greate&longs;t degree of velocity it would pa&longs;s, in &longs;uch another 

<lb/>quantity of time, both tho&longs;e &longs;paces: For if we do but in our 

<lb/>mind &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively divide tho&longs;e velocities into ri&longs;ing and falling 

<lb/>degrees, as <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> the&longs;e numbers in the margine; &longs;o that the 

<lb/>fir&longs;t &longs;ort unto 10 be &longs;uppo&longs;ed the increa&longs;ing velocities, and the 

<lb/>others unto 1, be the decrea&longs;ing; and let tho&longs;e of the time 

<lb/>of the de&longs;cent, and the others of the time of the a&longs;cent being 

<lb/>added all together, make as many, as if one of the two &longs;ums of 

<lb/>them had been all of the greate&longs;t degrees, and therefore the 

<lb/>whole &longs;pace pa&longs;&longs;ed by all the degrees of the increa&longs;ing veloci&shy;

<lb/>ties, and decrea&longs;ing, (which put together is the whole diame&shy;

<lb/>ter) ought to be equal to the &longs;pace pa&longs;&longs;ed by the greate&longs;t velo&shy;

<lb/>cities, that are in number half the aggregate of the increa&longs;ing 

<lb/>and decrea&longs;ing velocities. </s><s>I know that I have but ob&longs;curely 

<lb/>expre&longs;&longs;ed my &longs;elf, and I wi&longs;h I may be under&longs;tood.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg406"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>If the Terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe were perfo&shy;

<lb/>rated, a grave bo&shy;

<lb/>dy de&longs;cending by 

<lb/>that bore, would 

<lb/>pa&szlig; and a&longs;cend as 

<lb/>far beyond the cen&shy;

<lb/>tre, as it did de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cend.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I think I under&longs;tand you very well; and al&longs;o that I 

<lb/>can in a few words &longs;hew, that I do under&longs;tand you. </s><s>You had 

<lb/>a mind to &longs;ay, that the motion begining from re&longs;t, and all the 

<lb/>way increa&longs;ing the velocity with equal augmentations, &longs;uch as 

<lb/>are tho&longs;e of continuate numbers begining at 1, rather at 0, 

<lb/>which repre&longs;enteth the &longs;tate of re&longs;t, di&longs;po&longs;ed as in the margine: 

<lb/>and continued at plea&longs;ure, &longs;o as that the lea&longs;t degree may be 0, 

<lb/>and the greate&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> 5, all the&longs;e degrees of velocity wherewith 

<lb/>the moveable is moved, make the &longs;um of 15; but if the 

<lb/>moveable &longs;hould move with as many degrees in number as 

<lb/>the&longs;e are, and each of them equal to the bigge&longs;t, which is 5, the 

<lb/>aggregate of all the&longs;e la&longs;t velocities would be double to the 

<lb/>others, namely 30. And therefore the moveable moving with 

<lb/>a like time, but with uniform velocity, which is that of the 

<lb/>highe&longs;t degree 5, ought to pa&longs;s a &longs;pace double to that which it 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;eth in the accelerate time, which beginneth at the &longs;tate of re&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>According to your quick and piercing way of appre&shy;

<lb/>hending things, you have explained the whole bu&longs;ine&longs;s with more 

<lb/>plainne&longs;s than I my &longs;elf; and put me al&longs;o in mind of adding &longs;ome&shy;

<lb/>thing more: for in the accelerate motion, the augmentation be&shy;

<lb/>ing continual, you cannot divide the degrees of velocity, which 

<lb/>continually increa&longs;e, into any determinate number, becau&longs;e chan&shy;

<lb/>ging every moment, they are evermore infinite. </s><s>Therefore we 

<lb/>&longs;hall be the better able to exemplifie our intentions by de&longs;cribing 

<lb/>a Triangle, which let be this A B C, [<emph type="italics"/>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 8.] taking in the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/213.jpg" pagenum="205"/>&longs;ide A C, as many equal parts as we plea&longs;e, A D, D E, E F, F G, 

<lb/>and drawing by the points D, E, F, G, right lines parallel to the ba&longs;e 

<lb/>B C. </s><s>Now let us imagine the parts marked in the line A C, to be 

<lb/>equal times, and let the parallels drawn by the points D, E, F, G, 

<lb/>repre&longs;ent unto us the degrees of velocity accelerated, and increa&longs;&shy;

<lb/>ing equally in equal times; and let the point A be the &longs;tate of re&longs;t, 

<lb/>from which the moveable departing, hath <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> in the time A D, 

<lb/>acquired the degree of velocity D H, in the &longs;econd time we will 

<lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;e, that it hath increa&longs;ed the velocity from D H, as far as to 

<lb/>E I, and &longs;o &longs;uppo&longs;ing it to have grown greater in the &longs;ucceeding 

<lb/>times, according to the increa&longs;e of the lines F K, G L, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> but 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg407"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>becau&longs;e the acceleration is made continually from moment to mo&shy;

<lb/>ment, and not disjunctly from one certain part of time to another; 

<lb/>the point A being put for the lowe&longs;t moment of velocity, that is, 

<lb/>for the &longs;tate of re&longs;t, and A D for the fir&longs;t in&longs;tant of time follow&shy;

<lb/>ing; it is manife&longs;t, that before the acqui&longs;t of the degree of velocity 

<lb/>D H, made in the time A D, the moveable mu&longs;t have pa&longs;t by 

<lb/>infinite other le&longs;&longs;er and le&longs;&longs;er degrees gained in the infinite in&longs;tants 

<lb/>that are in the time D A, an&longs;wering the infinite points that are in 

<lb/>the line D A; therefore to repre&longs;ent unto us the infinite degrees 

<lb/>of velocity that precede the degree D H, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary to imagine 

<lb/>infinite lines &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively le&longs;&longs;er and le&longs;&longs;er, which are &longs;uppo&longs;ed to 

<lb/>be drawn by the infinite points of the line D A, and parallels to 

<lb/>D H, the which infinite lines repre&longs;ent unto us the &longs;uperficies of 

<lb/>the Triangle A H D, and thus we may imagine any &longs;pace pa&longs;&longs;ed 

<lb/>by the moveable, with a motion which begining at re&longs;t, goeth uni&shy;

<lb/>formly accelerating, to have &longs;pent and made u&longs;e of infinite degrees 

<lb/>of velocity, increa&longs;ing according to the infinite lines that begin&shy;

<lb/>ing from the point A, are &longs;uppo&longs;ed to be drawn parallel to the 

<lb/>line H D, and to the re&longs;t I E, K F, L G, the motion continuing as 

<lb/>far as one will.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg407"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The acceleration 

<lb/>of grave bodies na&shy;

<lb/>turally de&longs;cendent, 

<lb/>increa&longs;eth from 

<lb/>moment to moment.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>Now let us compleat the whole Parallelogram A M B C, and let 

<lb/>us prolong as far as to the &longs;ide thereof B M, not onely the Parallels 

<lb/>marked in the Triangle, but tho&longs;e infinite others imagined to be 

<lb/>drawn from all the points of the &longs;ide A C; and like as B C, was 

<lb/>the greate&longs;t of tho&longs;e infinite parallels of the Triangle, repre&longs;ent&shy;

<lb/>ing unto us the greate&longs;t degree of velocity acquired by the move&shy;

<lb/>able in the accelerate motion, and the whole &longs;uperficies of the &longs;aid 

<lb/>Triangle, was the ma&longs;s and &longs;um of the whole velocity, wherewith 

<lb/>in the time A C it pa&longs;&longs;ed &longs;uch a certain &longs;pace, &longs;o the parallelogram 

<lb/>is now a ma&longs;s and aggregate of a like number of degrees of ve&shy;

<lb/>locity, but each equal to the greate&longs;t B C, the which ma&longs;s of ve&shy;

<lb/>locities will be double to the ma&longs;s of the increa&longs;ing velocities in 

<lb/>the Triangle, like as the &longs;aid Parallelogram is double to the Tri&shy;

<lb/>angle: and therefore if the moveable, that falling did make u&longs;e 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/214.jpg" pagenum="206"/>of the accelerated degrees of velocity, an&longs;wering to the triangle 

<lb/>A B C, hath pa&longs;&longs;ed in &longs;uch a time &longs;uch a &longs;pace, it is very rea&longs;onable 

<lb/>and probable, that making u&longs;e of the uniform velocities an&longs;wering 

<lb/>to the parallelogram, it &longs;hall pa&longs;&longs;e with an even motion in the 

<lb/>&longs;ame time a &longs;pace double to that pa&longs;&longs;ed by the accelerate mo&shy;

<lb/>tion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am entirely &longs;atisfied. </s><s>And if you call this a probable 

<lb/>Di&longs;cour&longs;e, what &longs;hall the nece&longs;&longs;ary demon&longs;trations be? </s><s>I wi&longs;h 

<lb/>that in the whole body of common Philo&longs;ophy, I could find one 

<lb/>that was but thus concludent.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg408"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg408"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In natural Sci&shy;

<lb/>ences it is not ne&shy;

<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ary to &longs;eek Ma&shy;

<lb/>thematicall evi&shy;

<lb/>dence.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It is not nece&longs;&longs;ary in natural Philo&longs;ophy to &longs;eek exqui&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ite Mathematical evidence.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But this point of motion, is it not a natural que&longs;tion? 

<lb/></s><s>and yet I cannot find that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> hath demon&longs;trated any the 

<lb/>lea&longs;t accident of it. </s><s>But let us no longer divert our intended 

<lb/>Theme, nor do you fail, I pray you <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> to tell me that 

<lb/>which you hinted to me to be the cau&longs;e of the <emph type="italics"/>Pendulum's<emph.end type="italics"/> qui&shy;

<lb/>e&longs;cence, be&longs;ides the re&longs;i&longs;tance of the <emph type="italics"/>Medium<emph.end type="italics"/> ro penetration.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Tell me; of two <emph type="italics"/>penduli<emph.end type="italics"/> hanging at unequal di&longs;tan&shy;

<lb/>ces, doth not that which is fa&longs;tned to the longer threed make its 

<lb/>vibrations more &longs;eldome?</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg409"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg409"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> pendulum 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>hanging at a long&shy;

<lb/>er threed, maketh 

<lb/>its vibrations more 

<lb/>&longs;eldome than the<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>pendulum <emph type="italics"/>hanging 

<lb/>at a &longs;horter threed.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Yes, if they be moved to equall di&longs;tances from their 

<lb/>perpendicularity.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This greater or le&longs;&longs;e elongation importeth nothing at 

<lb/>all, for the &longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>pendulum<emph.end type="italics"/> alwayes maketh its reciprocations in e&shy;

<lb/>quall times, be they longer or &longs;horter, that is, though the <emph type="italics"/>pendulum<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg410"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>be little or much removed from its perpendicularity, and if they 

<lb/>are not ab&longs;olutely equal, they are in&longs;en&longs;ibly different, as expe&shy;

<lb/>rience may &longs;hew you: and though they were very unequal, yet 

<lb/>would they not di&longs;countenance, but favour our cau&longs;e. </s><s>There&shy;

<lb/>fore let us draw the perpendicular A B [<emph type="italics"/>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 9.] and hang from 

<lb/>the point A, upon the threed A C, a plummet C, and another up&shy;

<lb/>on the &longs;ame threed al&longs;o, which let be E, and the threed A C, being 

<lb/>removed from its perpendicularity, and then letting go the plum&shy;

<lb/>mets C and E, they &longs;hall move by the arches C B D, E G F, and 

<lb/>the plummet E, as hanging at a le&longs;&longs;er di&longs;tance, and withall, as 

<lb/>(by what you &longs;aid) le&longs;&longs;e removed, will return back again fa&longs;ter, 

<lb/>and make its vibrations more frequent than the plummet C, and 

<lb/>therefore &longs;hall hinder the &longs;aid plummet C, from running &longs;o much 

<lb/>farther towards the term D, as it would do, if it were free: and 

<lb/>thus the plummet E bringing unto it in every vibration continuall 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg411"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>impediment, it &longs;hall finally reduce it to quie&longs;cence. </s><s>Now the 

<lb/>&longs;ame threed, (taking away the middle plummet) is a compo&longs;ition 

<lb/>of many grave <emph type="italics"/>penduli,<emph.end type="italics"/> that is, each of its parts is &longs;uch a <emph type="italics"/>pendu&shy;

<lb/>lum<emph.end type="italics"/> fa&longs;tned neerer and neerer to the point A, and therefore di&longs;po&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/215.jpg" pagenum="207"/>&longs;ed to make its vibrations &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively more and more frequent; 

<lb/>and con&longs;equently is able to bring a continual impediment to the 

<lb/>plummet C; and for a proof that this is &longs;o, if we do but ob&longs;erve 

<lb/>the thread A C, we &longs;hall &longs;ee it di&longs;tended not directly, but in an 

<lb/>arch; and if in&longs;tead of the thread we take a chain, we &longs;hall di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cern the effect more per&longs;ectly; and e&longs;pecially removing the gra&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg412"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>vity C, to a con&longs;iderable di&longs;tance from the perpendicular A B, for 

<lb/>that the chain being compo&longs;ed of many loo&longs;e particles, and each of 

<lb/>them of &longs;ome weight, the arches A E C, and A F D, will appear 

<lb/>notably incurvated. </s><s>By rea&longs;on therefore, that the parts of the 

<lb/>chain, according as they are neerer to the point A, de&longs;ire to make 

<lb/>their vibrations more frequent, they permit not the lower parts of 

<lb/>the &longs;aid chain to &longs;wing &longs;o far as naturally they would: and by 

<lb/>continual detracting from the vibrations of the plummet C, they 

<lb/>finally make it cea&longs;e to move, although the impediment of the air 

<lb/>might be removed.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg410"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The vibrations 

<lb/>of the &longs;ame<emph.end type="italics"/> pen&shy;

<lb/>dulum <emph type="italics"/>are made 

<lb/>with the &longs;ame fre&shy;

<lb/>quency, whether 

<lb/>they be &longs;mall or 

<lb/>great.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg411"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The cau&longs;e which 

<lb/>impedeth the<emph.end type="italics"/> pen&shy;

<lb/>dulum, <emph type="italics"/>and redu&shy;

<lb/>ceth it to re&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg412"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The thread or 

<lb/>chain to which a<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>pendulum <emph type="italics"/>is fa&longs;t&shy;

<lb/>ned, maketh an 

<lb/>arch, and doth not 

<lb/>&longs;tretch it &longs;elfe 

<lb/>&longs;treight out in its 

<lb/>vibrations.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The books are now come; here take them <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and find the place you are in doubt of.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. See, here it is where he beginneth to argue again&longs;t the 

<lb/>diurnal motion of the Earth, he having fir&longs;t confuted the annual. 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Motus terr&aelig; annuus a&longs;&longs;errere<emph.end type="italics"/> Copernicanos <emph type="italics"/>cogit conver&longs;ionem e&shy;

<lb/>ju&longs;dem quotidianam; alias idem terr&aelig; Hemi&longs;ph&aelig;rium continenter 

<lb/>ad Solem e&longs;&longs;et conver&longs;um obumbrato &longs;emper aver&longs;o. [In Engli&longs;h 

<lb/>thus:]<emph.end type="italics"/> The annual motion of the Earth doth compell the <emph type="italics"/>Co&shy;

<lb/>pernicans<emph.end type="italics"/> to a&longs;&longs;ert the daily conver&longs;ion thereof; otherwi&longs;e the 

<lb/>&longs;ame Hemi&longs;phere of the Earth would be continually turned to&shy;

<lb/>wards the Sun, the &longs;hady &longs;ide being always aver&longs;e. </s><s>And &longs;o one 

<lb/>half of the Earth would never come to &longs;ee the Sun.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I find at the very &longs;ir&longs;t &longs;ight, that this man hath not rightly 

<lb/>apprehended the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican Hypothe&longs;is,<emph.end type="italics"/> for if he had but taken 

<lb/>notice how he alwayes makes the Axis of the terre&longs;trial Globe 

<lb/>perpetually parallel to it &longs;elf, he would not have &longs;aid, that one 

<lb/>half of the Earth would never &longs;ee the Sun, but that the year 

<lb/>would be one entire natural day, that is, that thorow all parts of 

<lb/>the Earth there would be &longs;ix moneths day, and &longs;ix moneths night, 

<lb/>as it now befalleth to the inhabitants under the Pole, but let 

<lb/>this mi&longs;take be forgiven him, and let us come to what remai&shy;

<lb/>neth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It followeth, <emph type="italics"/>Hanc autem gyrationem Terr&aelig; im&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ibilem e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ic demon&longs;tramus.<emph.end type="italics"/> Which &longs;peaks in Engli&longs;h thus: 

<lb/>That this gyration of the Earth is impo&longs;&longs;ible we thus demon&longs;trate. 

<lb/></s><s>That which en&longs;ueth is the declaration of the following figure, 

<lb/>wherein is delineated many de&longs;cending grave bodies, and a&longs;cend&shy;

<lb/>ing light bodies, and birds that fly too and again in the air, &amp;c.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Let us &longs;ee them, I pray you. </s><s>Oh! what fine figures, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/216.jpg" pagenum="208"/>what birds, what balls, and what other pretty things are here?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The&longs;e are balls which come from the concave of the 

<lb/>Moon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And what is this?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This is a kind of Shell-fi&longs;h, which here at <emph type="italics"/>Venice<emph.end type="italics"/> they 

<lb/>call <emph type="italics"/>buovoli<emph.end type="italics"/>; and this al&longs;o came from the Moons concave.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Indeed, it &longs;eems then, that the Moon hath a great pow&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg413"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>er over the&longs;e Oy&longs;ter-fi&longs;hes, which we call ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>armed &longs;i&longs;bes.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg413"></margin.target>* Pe&longs;ci armai, <emph type="italics"/>or<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>armati.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>And this is that calculation, which I mentioned, of this 

<lb/>Journey in a natural day, in an hour, in a fir&longs;t minute, and in a 

<lb/>&longs;econd, which a point of the Earth would make placed under the 

<lb/>Equinoctial, and al&longs;o in the parallel of 48 <emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> And then followeth 

<lb/>this, which I doubted I had committed &longs;ome mi&longs;take in reciting, 

<lb/>therefore let us read it. <emph type="italics"/>His po&longs;itis, nece&longs;&longs;e est, terra circulariter 

<lb/>mota, omnia ex a&euml;re eidem, &amp;c. </s><s>Quod &longs;i ha&longs;ce pilas &aelig;quales po&shy;

<lb/>nemus pondere, magnitudine, gravitate, &amp; in concavo Sph&aelig;r&aelig; Lu&shy;

<lb/>naris po&longs;itas libero de&longs;cen&longs;ui permittamus, &longs;i motum deor&longs;um &aelig;que&shy;

<lb/>mus celeritate motui circum, (quod tamen &longs;ecus e&longs;t, cum pila A, 

<lb/>&amp;c.) elabentur minimum (ut multum cedamus adver&longs;ariis) dies 

<lb/>&longs;ex: quo tempore &longs;exies circa terram, &amp;c. [In Engli&longs;b thus.]<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>The&longs;e things being &longs;uppo&longs;ed, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, the Earth being cir&shy;

<lb/>cularly moved, that all things from the air to the &longs;ame, &amp;c. </s><s>So 

<lb/>that if we &longs;uppo&longs;e the&longs;e balls to be equal in magnitude and gra&shy;

<lb/>vity, and being placed in the concave of the Lunar Sphere, we 

<lb/>permit them a free de&longs;cent, and if we make the motion down&shy;

<lb/>wards equal in velocity to the motion about, (which neverthele&longs;s 

<lb/>is otherwi&longs;e, if the ball A, &amp;c.) they &longs;hall be falling at lea&longs;t (that 

<lb/>we may grant much to our adver&longs;aries) &longs;ix dayes; in which time 

<lb/>they &longs;hall be turned &longs;ix times about the Earth, &amp;c.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You have but too faithfully cited the argument of this 

<lb/>per&longs;on. </s><s>From hence you may collect <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> with what cau&shy;

<lb/>tion they ought to proceed, who would give them&longs;elves up to be&shy;

<lb/>lieve others in tho&longs;e things, which perhaps they do not believe 

<lb/>them&longs;elves. </s><s>For me thinks it a thing impo&longs;&longs;ible, but that this Au&shy;

<lb/>thor was advi&longs;ed, that he did de&longs;ign to him&longs;elf a circle, who&longs;e dia&shy;

<lb/>meter (which among&longs;t Mathematicians, is le&longs;&longs;e than one third part 

<lb/>of the circumference) is above 72 times bigger than it &longs;elf: an 

<lb/>errour that affirmeth that to be con&longs;iderably more than 200, 

<lb/>which is le&longs;&longs;e than one.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It may be, that the&longs;e Mathematical proportions, which 

<lb/>are true in ab&longs;tract, being once applied in concrete to Phy&longs;ical and 

<lb/>Elementary circles, do not &longs;o exactly agree: And yet, I think, 

<lb/>that the Cooper, to find the &longs;emidiameter of the bottom, which he 

<lb/>is to fit to the Cask, doth make u&longs;e of the rule of Mathematicians 

<lb/>in ab&longs;tract, although &longs;uch bottomes be things meerly material, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/217.jpg" pagenum="209"/>and concrete: therefore let <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> plead in excu&longs;e of this 

<lb/>Author; and whether he chinks that the Phy&longs;icks can differ &longs;o 

<lb/>very much from the Mathematicks.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The &longs;ub&longs;tractions are in my opinion in&longs;ufficient to &longs;alve 

<lb/>this difference, which is &longs;o extreamly too great to be reconciled: 

<lb/>and in this ca&longs;e I have no more to &longs;ay but that, <emph type="italics"/>Quandoque bonus 

<lb/>dormitet Homerus.<emph.end type="italics"/> But &longs;uppo&longs;ing the calculation of ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg414"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>to be more exact, and that the time of the de&longs;cent of the ball 

<lb/>were no more than three hours; yet me thinks, that coming from 

<lb/>the concave of the Moon, which is &longs;o great a di&longs;tance off, it would 

<lb/>be an admirable thing, that it &longs;hould have an in&longs;tinct of maintain&shy;

<lb/>ing it &longs;elf all the way over the &longs;elf-&longs;ame point of the Earth, over 

<lb/>which it did hang in its departure thence and not rather be left a 

<lb/>very great way behind.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg414"></margin.target>* Not <emph type="italics"/>Sagre&shy;

<lb/>dus,<emph.end type="italics"/> as the Latine 

<lb/>ha hit.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The effect may be admirable, and not admirable, but 

<lb/>natural and ordinary, according as the things precedent may fall 

<lb/>out. </s><s>For if the ball (according to the Authors &longs;uppo&longs;itions) 

<lb/>whil&longs;t it &longs;taid in the concave of the Moon, had the circular motion 

<lb/>of twenty four hours together with the Earth, and with the re&longs;t of 

<lb/>the things contained within the &longs;aid Concave; that very vertue 

<lb/>which made it turn round before its de&longs;cent, will continue it in 

<lb/>the &longs;ame motion in its de&longs;cending. </s><s>And &longs;o far it is from not keep&shy;

<lb/>ing pace with the motion of the Earth, and from &longs;taying behind, 

<lb/>that it is more likely to out-go it; being that in its approaches to 

<lb/>the Earth, the motion of gyration is to be made with circles con&shy;

<lb/>tinually le&longs;&longs;er and le&longs;&longs;er; &longs;o that the ball retaining in it &longs;elf that 

<lb/>&longs;elf-&longs;ame velocity which it had in the concave, it ought to antici&shy;

<lb/>pate, as I have &longs;aid, the <emph type="italics"/>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> or conver&longs;ion of the Earth. </s><s>But 

<lb/>if the ball in the concave did want that circulation, it is not obli&shy;

<lb/>ged in de&longs;cending to maintain it &longs;elf perpendicularly over that 

<lb/>point of the Earth, which was ju&longs;t under it when the de&longs;cent be&shy;

<lb/>gan. </s><s>Nor will <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> or any of his followers affirm the 

<lb/>&longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But the Author maketh an objection, as you &longs;ee, de&shy;

<lb/>manding on what principle this circular motion of grave and light 

<lb/>bodies, doth depend: that is, whether upon an internal or an ex&shy;

<lb/>ternal principle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Keeping to the Probleme of which we &longs;peak, I &longs;ay, 

<lb/>that that very principle which made the ball turn round, whil'&longs;t it 

<lb/>was in the Lunar concave, is the &longs;ame that maintaineth al&longs;o the 

<lb/>circulation in the de&longs;cent: yet I leave the Author at liberty to 

<lb/>make it internal or external at his plea&longs;ure.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The Author proveth, that it can neither be inward nor 

<lb/>outward.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And I will &longs;ay then, that the ball in the concave did 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/218.jpg" pagenum="210"/>not move, and &longs;o he &longs;hall not be bound to &longs;hew how that in de&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cending it continueth all the way vertically over one point, for 

<lb/>that it will not do any &longs;uch thing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Very well; But if grave bodies, and light can have no 

<lb/>principle, either internal or external of moving circularly, than 

<lb/>neither can the terre&longs;trial Globe move with a circular motion: and 

<lb/>thus you have the intent of the Author.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I did not &longs;ay, that the Earth had no principle, either 

<lb/>interne, or externe to the motion of gyration, but I &longs;ay, that I do 

<lb/>not know which of the two it hath; and yet my not knowing it 

<lb/>hath not a power to deprive it of the &longs;ame; but if this Author 

<lb/>can tell by what principle other mundane bodies are moved round, 

<lb/>of who&longs;e motion there is no doubt; I &longs;ay, that that which ma&shy;

<lb/>keth the Earth to move, is a vertue, like to that, by which <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> are moved, and wherewith he believes that the &longs;tarry 

<lb/>Sphere it &longs;elf al&longs;o doth move; and if he will but a&longs;&longs;ure me, who is 

<lb/>the mover of one of the&longs;e moveables, I will undertake to be able 

<lb/>to tell him who maketh the Earth to move. </s><s>Nay more; I will 

<lb/>undertake to do the &longs;ame, if he can but tell me, who moveth the 

<lb/>parts of the Earth downwards.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The cau&longs;e of this is mo&longs;t manife&longs;t, and every one knows 

<lb/>that it is gravity.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You are out, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> you &longs;hould &longs;ay, that every 

<lb/>one knowes, that it is called Gravity: but I do not que&longs;tion you 

<lb/>about the name, but the e&longs;&longs;ence of the thing, of which e&longs;&longs;ence 

<lb/>you know not a tittle more than you know the e&longs;&longs;ence of the 

<lb/>mover of the &longs;tars in gyration; unle&longs;&longs;e it be the name that hath 

<lb/>been put to this, and made familiar, and dome&longs;tical, by the many 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg415"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>experiences which we &longs;ee thereof every hour in the day,: but not 

<lb/>as if we really under&longs;tand any more, what principle or vertue that 

<lb/>is which moveth a &longs;tone downwards, than we know who moveth 

<lb/>it upwards, when it is &longs;eparated from the projicient, or who mo&shy;

<lb/>veth the Moon round, except (as I have &longs;aid) onely the name, 

<lb/>which more particularly and properly we have a&longs;&longs;igned to the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of de&longs;cent, namely, Gravity; whereas for the cau&longs;e of cir&shy;

<lb/>cular motion, in more general termes, we a&longs;&longs;ign the <emph type="italics"/>Vertue impre&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ed,<emph.end type="italics"/> and call the &longs;ame an <emph type="italics"/>Intelligence,<emph.end type="italics"/> either a&longs;&longs;i&longs;ting, or informing; 

<lb/>and to infinite other motions we a&longs;cribe Nature for their cau&longs;e.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg415"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>We know no more 

<lb/>who moveth grave 

<lb/>bodies downwards; 

<lb/>than who moveth 

<lb/>the Stars round, 

<lb/>nor know we any 

<lb/>thing of the&longs;e cau&shy;

<lb/>&longs;es, more than the 

<lb/>names impo&longs;ed on 

<lb/>them by us.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It is my opinion, that this Author asketh far le&longs;&longs;e than 

<lb/>that, to which you deny to make an&longs;wer; for he doth not ask 

<lb/>what is nominally and particularly the principle that moveth 

<lb/>grave and light bodies circularly, but what&longs;oever it be, he de&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>reth to know, whether you think it intrin&longs;ecal, or extrin&longs;ecal: 

<lb/>For howbeit, <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> I do not know, what kind of thing that gravity 

<lb/>is, by which the Earth de&longs;cendeth; yet I know that it is an intern 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/219.jpg" pagenum="211"/>principle, &longs;eeing that if it be not hindered, it moveth &longs;pontane&shy;

<lb/>ou&longs;ly: and on the contrary, I know that the principle which mo&shy;

<lb/>veth it upwards, is external, although that I do not know, what 

<lb/>thing that vertue is, impre&longs;&longs;ed on it by the projicient.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Into how many que&longs;tions mu&longs;t we excurre, if we would 

<lb/>decide all the difficulties, which &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively have dependance one 

<lb/>upon another! You call that an external (and you al&longs;o call it a 

<lb/>preternatural and violent) principle, which moveth the grave pro&shy;

<lb/>ject upwards; but its po&longs;&longs;ible that it may be no le&longs;&longs;e interne and 

<lb/>natural, than that which moveth it downwards; it may peradven&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg416"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ture be called external and violent, &longs;o long as the moveable is joy&shy;

<lb/>ned to the projicient; but being &longs;eparated, what external thing 

<lb/>remaineth for a mover of the arrow, or ball? </s><s>In &longs;umme, it mu&longs;t 

<lb/>nece&longs;&longs;arliy be granted, that that vertue which carrieth &longs;uch a move&shy;

<lb/>able upwards, is no le&longs;&longs;e interne, than that which moveth it down&shy;

<lb/>wards; and I think the motion of grave bodies a&longs;cending by the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> conceived, to be altogether as natural, as the motion of 

<lb/>de&longs;cent depending on gravity.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg416"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The vertue which 

<lb/>carrieth grave pro&shy;

<lb/>jects upwards, is 

<lb/>no le&longs;&longs;e natural to 

<lb/>them, than the 

<lb/>gravity which mo&shy;

<lb/>veth them down&shy;

<lb/>wards.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will never grant this; for the motion of de&longs;cent hath 

<lb/>its principle internal, natural, and perpetual, and the motion of 

<lb/>a&longs;cent hath its principle externe, violent, and finite.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If you refu&longs;e to grant me, that the principles of the 

<lb/>motions of grave bodies downwards and upwards, are equally in&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg417"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ternal and natural; what would you do, if I &longs;hould &longs;ay, that they 

<lb/>may al&longs;o be the &longs;ame in number?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg417"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Contrary prin&shy;

<lb/>ciples cannot natu&shy;

<lb/>rally re&longs;ide in the 

<lb/>&longs;ame &longs;ubject.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I leave it to you to judge.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But I de&longs;ire you your &longs;elf to be the Judge: Therefore 

<lb/>tell me, Do you believe that in the &longs;ame natural body, there may 

<lb/>re&longs;ide interne principles, that are contrary to one another?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I do verily believe there cannot.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>What do you think to be the natural inclination of 

<lb/>Earth, of Lead, of Gold, and in &longs;um, of the mo&longs;t ponderous mat&shy;

<lb/>ters; that is, to what motion do you believe that their interne 

<lb/>principle draweth them?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>To that towards the centre of things grave, that is, to 

<lb/>the centre of the Univer&longs;e, and of the Earth, whither, if they be 

<lb/>not hindered, it will carry them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that, if the Terre&longs;trial Globe were bored thorow, 

<lb/>and a Well made that &longs;hould pa&longs;&longs;e through the centre of it, a 

<lb/>Cannon bullet being let fall into the &longs;ame, as being moved by a 

<lb/>natural and intrin&longs;ick principle, would pa&longs;&longs;e to the centre; and it 

<lb/>would make all this motion &longs;pontaneou&longs;ly, and by intrin&longs;ick prin&shy;

<lb/>ciple, is it not &longs;o?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>So I verily believe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But when it is arrived at the centre, do you think that 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/220.jpg" pagenum="212"/>it will pa&longs;&longs;e any further, or el&longs;e that there it would immediately 

<lb/>&longs;tand &longs;till, and move no further?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe that it would continue to move a great way 

<lb/>further.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But this motion beyond the centre, would it not be up&shy;

<lb/>wards, and according to your a&longs;&longs;ertion preternatural, and violent? 

<lb/></s><s>And yet on what other principle do you make it to depend, but 

<lb/>only upon the &longs;elf &longs;ame, which did carry the ball to the centre, 

<lb/>and which you called intrin&longs;ecal, and natural? </s><s>Finde, if you can, 

<lb/>another external projicient, that overtaketh it again to drive it 

<lb/>upwards. </s><s>And this that hath been &longs;aid of the motion thorow 

<lb/>the centre, is al&longs;o &longs;een by us here above; for the interne <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg418"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of a grave body falling along a declining &longs;uperficies, if the &longs;aid 

<lb/>&longs;uperficies be reflected the other way, it &longs;hall carry it, without a 

<lb/>jot interrupting the motion, al&longs;o upwards. </s><s>A ball of lead that 

<lb/>hangeth by a thread, being removed from its perpendicularity, de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cendeth &longs;pontaneou&longs;ly, as being drawn by its internal inclination, 

<lb/>and without any interpo&longs;ure of re&longs;t, pa&longs;&longs;eth beyond the lowe&longs;t 

<lb/>point of perpendicularity: and without any additional mover, 

<lb/>moveth upwards. </s><s>I know that you will not deny, but that the 

<lb/>principle of grave bodies that moveth them downwards, is no le&longs;s 

<lb/>natural, and intrin&longs;ecal, than that principle of light bodies, which 

<lb/>moveth them upwards: &longs;o that I propo&longs;e to your con&longs;ideration a 

<lb/>ball of lead, which de&longs;cending through the Air from a great al&shy;

<lb/>titude, and &longs;o moving by an intern principle, and comming to a 

<lb/>depth of water, continueth its de&longs;cent, and without any other ex&shy;

<lb/>terne mover, &longs;ubmergeth a great way; and yet the motion of 

<lb/>de&longs;cent in the water is preternatural unto it; but yet neverthele&longs;s 

<lb/>dependeth on a principle that is internal, and not external to the 

<lb/>ball. </s><s>You &longs;ee it demon&longs;trated then, that a moveable may be 

<lb/>moved by one and the &longs;ame internal principle, with contrary mo&shy;

<lb/>tions.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg418"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The natural mo&shy;

<lb/>tion changeth it 

<lb/>&longs;elfe into that 

<lb/>which is called pre&shy;

<lb/>ternatural and vi&shy;

<lb/>olent.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe there are &longs;olutions to all the&longs;e objections, 

<lb/>though for the pre&longs;ent I do not remember them; but however it 

<lb/>be, the Author continueth to demand, on what principle this cir&shy;

<lb/>cular motion of grave and light bodies dependeth; that is, whe&shy;

<lb/>ther on a principle internal, or external; and proceeding for&shy;

<lb/>wards, &longs;heweth, that it can be neither on the one, nor on the other, 

<lb/>&longs;aying; <emph type="italics"/>Si ab externo; Deu&longs;ne illum excitat per continuum mira&shy;

<lb/>culum? </s><s>an ver&ograve; Angelus, an a&euml;r? </s><s>Et hunc quidem multi a&longs;&longs;ig&shy;

<lb/>nant. </s><s>Sed contra----[In Engli&longs;h thus]<emph.end type="italics"/> If from an externe prin&shy;

<lb/>ciple; Whether God doth not excite it by a continued Miracle? 

<lb/></s><s>or an Angel, or the Air? </s><s>And indeed many do a&longs;&longs;ign this. </s><s>But 

<lb/>on the contrary-----.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Trouble not your &longs;elf to read his argument; for I am 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/221.jpg" pagenum="213"/>none of tho&longs;e who a&longs;cribe that principle to the ambient air. </s><s>As 

<lb/>to the Miracle, or an Angel, I &longs;hould rather incline to this &longs;ide; for 

<lb/>that which taketh beginning from a Divine Miracle, or from an 

<lb/>Angelical operation; as for in&longs;tance, the tran&longs;portation of a Can&shy;

<lb/>non ball or bullet into the concave of the Moon, doth in all pro&shy;

<lb/>bability depend on the vertue of the &longs;ame principle for perform&shy;

<lb/>ing the re&longs;t. </s><s>But, as to the Air, it &longs;erveth my turn, that it doth 

<lb/>not hinder the circular motion of the moveables, which we did 

<lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;e to move thorow it. </s><s>And to prove that, it &longs;ufficeth (nor is 

<lb/>more required) that it moveth with the &longs;ame motion, and fini&longs;h&shy;

<lb/>eth its circulations with the &longs;ame velocity, that the Terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe doth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>And he likewi&longs;e makes his oppo&longs;ition to this al&longs;o; 

<lb/>demanding who carrieth the air about, Nature, or Violence? 

<lb/></s><s>And proveth, that it cannot be Nature, alledging that that is con&shy;

<lb/>trary to truth, experience, and to <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is not contrary to <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> in the lea&longs;t, who writeth 

<lb/>no &longs;uch thing; and this Author a&longs;cribes the&longs;e things to him with 

<lb/>two exce&longs;&longs;ive courte&longs;ie. </s><s>It's true, he &longs;aith, and for my part I 

<lb/>think he &longs;aith well, that the part of the air neer to the Earth, be&shy;

<lb/>ing rather a terre&longs;trial evaporation, may have the &longs;ame nature, 

<lb/>and naturally follow its motion; or, as being contiguous to it, 

<lb/>may follow it in the &longs;ame manner, as the Peripateticks &longs;ay, that 

<lb/>the &longs;uperiour part of it, and the Element of fire, follow the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the Lunar Concave, &longs;o that it lyeth upon them to declare, 

<lb/>whether that motion be natural, or violent.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The Author will reply, that if <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> maketh only 

<lb/>the inferiour part of the Air to move, and &longs;uppo&longs;eth the upper 

<lb/>part thereof to want the &longs;aid motion, he cannot give a rea&longs;on, how 

<lb/>that quiet air can be able to carry tho&longs;e grave bodies along with 

<lb/>it, and make them keep pace with the motion of the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> will &longs;ay, that this natural propen&longs;ion of the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg419"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>elementary bodies to &longs;ollow the motion of the Earth, hath a li&shy;

<lb/>mited Sphere, out of which &longs;uch a natural inclination would cea&longs;e; 

<lb/>be&longs;ides that, as I have &longs;aid, the Air is not that which carrieth the 

<lb/>moveables along with it; which being &longs;eparated from the Earth, 

<lb/>do follow its motion; &longs;o that all the objections come to nothing, 

<lb/>which this Author produceth to prove, that the Air cannot cau&longs;e 

<lb/>&longs;uch effects.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg419"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The propen&longs;ion 

<lb/>of elementary bo&shy;

<lb/>dies to follow the 

<lb/>Earth, hath a li&shy;

<lb/>mited Sphere of 

<lb/>activity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>To &longs;hew therefore, that that cannot be, it will be nece&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ary to &longs;ay, that &longs;uch like effects depend on an interne principle, 

<lb/>again&longs;t which po&longs;ition, <emph type="italics"/>oboriuntur difficillim&aelig;, imm&ograve; inextricabiles 

<lb/>qu&aelig;&longs;tiones &longs;ecund&aelig;,<emph.end type="italics"/> of which &longs;ort are the&longs;e that follow. <emph type="italics"/>Princi&shy;

<lb/>pium illud internum vel e&longs;t accidens, vel &longs;ub&longs;tantia. </s><s>Si primum; 

<lb/>quale nam illud? </s><s>nam qualitas locomotiva circum, hactenus nulla<emph.end type="italics"/>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/222.jpg" pagenum="214"/><emph type="italics"/>videtur agnita. (In Engli&longs;h thus:)<emph.end type="italics"/> Contrary to which po&longs;ition 

<lb/>there do ari&longs;e mo&longs;t difficult, yea inextricable &longs;econd que&longs;tions, 

<lb/>&longs;uch as the&longs;e; That intern principle is either an accident, or a 

<lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tance. </s><s>If the fir&longs;t; what manner of accident is it? </s><s>For a 

<lb/>locomotive quality about the centre, &longs;eemeth to be hitherto ac&shy;

<lb/>knowledged by none.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. How, is there no &longs;uch thing acknowledged? </s><s>Is it not 

<lb/>known to us, that all the&longs;e elementary matters move round, to&shy;

<lb/>gether with the Earth? </s><s>You &longs;ee how this Author &longs;uppo&longs;eth for 

<lb/>true, that which is in que&longs;tion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>He &longs;aith, that we do not &longs;ee the &longs;ame; and me thinks, 

<lb/>he hath therein rea&longs;on on his &longs;ide.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We &longs;ee it not, becau&longs;e we turn round together with 

<lb/>them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Hear his other Argument. <emph type="italics"/>Qu&aelig; etiam &longs;i e&longs;&longs;et, quo&shy;

<lb/>modo tamen inveniretur in rebus tam contrariis? </s><s>in igne, ut in a&shy;

<lb/>qu&acirc;; in a&euml;re, ut in terra; in viventibus, ut in anima carentibus? 

<lb/>[in Engli&longs;h thus:]<emph.end type="italics"/> Which although it were, yet how could it be 

<lb/>found in things &longs;o contrary? </s><s>in the fire, as in the water? </s><s>in the 

<lb/>air, as in the earth? </s><s>in living creatures, as in things wanting 

<lb/>life?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Suppo&longs;ing for this time, that water and fire are contra&shy;

<lb/>ries; as al&longs;o the air and earth; (of which yet much may be &longs;aid) 

<lb/>the mo&longs;t that could follow from thence would be, that tho&longs;e mo&shy;

<lb/>tions cannot be common to them, that are contrary to one ano&shy;

<lb/>ther: &longs;o that <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> the motion upwards, which naturally agreeth 

<lb/>to fire, cannot agree to water; but that, like as it is by nature con&shy;

<lb/>trary to fire: &longs;o to it that motion &longs;uiteth, which is contrary to the 

<lb/>motion of fire, which &longs;hall be the motion <emph type="italics"/>deor&longs;&ugrave;m<emph.end type="italics"/>; but the cir&shy;

<lb/>cular motion, which is not contrary either to the motion <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ur&longs;&ugrave;m,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>or to the motion <emph type="italics"/>deor&longs;&ugrave;m,<emph.end type="italics"/> but may mix with both, as <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>him&longs;elf affirmeth, why may it not equally &longs;uit with grave bodies 

<lb/>and with light? </s><s>The motions in the next place, which cannot be 

<lb/>common to things alive, and dead, are tho&longs;e which depend on the 

<lb/>&longs;oul: but tho&longs;e which belong to the body, in as much as it is ele&shy;

<lb/>mentary, and con&longs;equently participateth of the qualities of the e&shy;

<lb/>lements, why may not they be common as well to the dead corps, 

<lb/>as to the living body? </s><s>And therefore, if the circular motion be 

<lb/>proper to the elements, it ought to be common to the mixt bodies 

<lb/>al&longs;o.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It mu&longs;t needs be, that this Author holdeth, that a dead 

<lb/>cat, falling from a window, it is not po&longs;&longs;ible that a live cat al&longs;o 

<lb/>could fall; it not being a thing convenient, that a carca&longs;e &longs;hould 

<lb/>partake of the qualities which &longs;uit with things alive.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore the di&longs;cour&longs;e of this Author concludeth 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/223.jpg" pagenum="215"/>nothing again&longs;t one that &longs;hould affirm, that the principle of the cir&shy;

<lb/>cular motions of grave and light bodies is an intern accident: I 

<lb/>know not how he may prove, that it cannot be a &longs;ub&longs;tance.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>He brings many Arguments again&longs;t this. </s><s>The fir&longs;t of 

<lb/>which is in the&longs;e words: <emph type="italics"/>Si &longs;ecundum (nemp&egrave;, &longs;i dieas tale princi&shy;

<lb/>pium e&longs;&longs;e &longs;ub&longs;tantiam) illud e&longs;t aut materia, aut forma, aut compo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;itum. </s><s>Sed repugnant iterum tot diver&longs;&aelig; rerum natur&aelig;, quales 

<lb/>&longs;unt aves, limaces, &longs;axa, &longs;agitt&aelig;, nives, fumi, grandines, pi&longs;ces, 

<lb/>&amp;c. </s><s>qu&aelig; tamen omnia &longs;pecie &amp; genere differentia, moverentur &agrave; 

<lb/>natur&acirc; &longs;u&acirc; circulariter, ip&longs;a naturis diver&longs;i&longs;&longs;ima, &amp;c. [In Engli&longs;h 

<lb/>thus]<emph.end type="italics"/> If the &longs;econd, (that is, if you &longs;hall &longs;ay that this principle is 

<lb/>a &longs;ub&longs;tance) it is either matter, or form, or a compound of both. 

<lb/></s><s>But &longs;uch diver&longs;e natures of things are again repugnant, &longs;uch as are 

<lb/>birds, &longs;nails, &longs;tones, darts, &longs;nows, &longs;moaks, hails, fi&longs;hes, &amp;c. </s><s>all 

<lb/>which notwith&longs;tanding their differences in &longs;pecies and kind, are 

<lb/>moved of their own nature circularly, they being of their natures 

<lb/>mo&longs;t different, &amp;c.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If the&longs;e things before named are of diver&longs;e natures, and 

<lb/>things of diver&longs;e natures cannot have a motion in common, it mu&longs;t 

<lb/>follow, if you would give &longs;atisfaction to all, that you are to think 

<lb/>of, more than two motions onely of upwards and downwards: and 

<lb/>if there mu&longs;t be one for the arrows, another for the &longs;nails, another 

<lb/>for the &longs;tones, and another for fi&longs;hes; then are you to bethink your 

<lb/>&longs;elf of worms, topazes and mu&longs;hrums, which are not le&longs;s different 

<lb/>in nature from one another, than &longs;now and hail.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It &longs;eems that you make a je&longs;t of the&longs;e Arguments.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>No indeed, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> but it hath been already an&shy;

<lb/>&longs;wered above, to wit, that if one motion, whether downwards or 

<lb/>upwards, can agree with all tho&longs;e things afore named, a circular 

<lb/>motion may no le&longs;s agree with them: and as you are a <emph type="italics"/>Peripate&shy;

<lb/>tick,<emph.end type="italics"/> do not you put a greater difference between an elementary 

<lb/>comet and a celeftial &longs;tar, than between a fi&longs;h and a bird? </s><s>and 

<lb/>yet both tho&longs;e move circularly. </s><s>Now propo&longs;e your &longs;econd Ar&shy;

<lb/>gument.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"/>Si terra &longs;taret per voluntatem Dei, rotar&eacute;ntne c&aelig;tera, an 

<lb/>non? </s><s>&longs;i hoc, fal&longs;um e&longs;t &agrave; natur&acirc; gyrare; &longs;i illud, redeunt priores 

<lb/>qu&aelig;&longs;tiones. </s><s>Et &longs;an&egrave; mirum e&longs;&longs;et, qu&ograve;d Gavia pi&longs;ciculo, Alauda 

<lb/>nidulo &longs;uo, &amp; corvus limaci, petraque, etiam volans, imminere 

<lb/>non po&longs;&longs;et. [Which I thus render<emph.end type="italics"/>:] If the Earth be &longs;uppo&longs;ed to 

<lb/>&longs;tand &longs;till by the will of God, &longs;hould the re&longs;t of bodies turn round 

<lb/>or no? </s><s>If not, then it's fal&longs;e that they are revolved by nature; if 

<lb/>the other, the former que&longs;tions will return upon us. </s><s>And 

<lb/>truly it would be &longs;trange that the Sea-pie &longs;hould not be able to 

<lb/>hover over the &longs;mall fi&longs;h, the Lark over her ne&longs;t, and the Crow o&shy;

<lb/>ver the &longs;nail and rock, though flying.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/224.jpg" pagenum="216"/><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I would an&longs;wer for my &longs;elf in general terms, that if 

<lb/>it were appointed by the will of God, that the Earth &longs;hould cea&longs;e 

<lb/>from its diurnal revolution, tho&longs;e birds would do what ever &longs;hould 

<lb/>plea&longs;e the &longs;ame Divine will. </s><s>But if this Author de&longs;ire a more 

<lb/>particular an&longs;wer, I &longs;hould tell him, that they would do quite con&shy;

<lb/>trary to what they do now, if whil&longs;t they, being &longs;eparated from 

<lb/>the Earth, do bear them&longs;elves up in the air, the Terre&longs;trial Globe 

<lb/>by the will of God, &longs;hould all on a &longs;udden be put upon a precipi&shy;

<lb/>tate motion; it concerneth this Author now to a&longs;certain us what 

<lb/>would in this ca&longs;e &longs;ucceed.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I pray you, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> at my reque&longs;t to grant to this 

<lb/>Author, that the Earth &longs;tanding &longs;till by the will of God, the other 

<lb/>things, &longs;eparated from it, would continue to turn round of their 

<lb/>own natural motion, and let us hear what impo&longs;&longs;ibilities or incon&shy;

<lb/>veniences would follow: for I, as to my own particular, do not 

<lb/>&longs;ee how there can be greater di&longs;orders, than the&longs;e produced by the 

<lb/>Author him&longs;elf, that is, that Larks, though they &longs;hould flie, could 

<lb/>not be able to hover over their ne&longs;ts, nor Crows over &longs;nails, or 

<lb/>rocks: from whence would follow, that Crows mu&longs;t &longs;uffer for 

<lb/>want of &longs;nails, and young Larks mu&longs;t die of hunger, and cold, not 

<lb/>being able to be fed or &longs;heltered by the wings of the old ones. 

<lb/></s><s>This is all the ruine that I can conceive would follow, &longs;uppo&longs;ing 

<lb/>the Authors &longs;peech to be true. </s><s>Do you &longs;ee, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> if grea&shy;

<lb/>ter inconveniences would happen?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I know not how to di&longs;cover greater; but it is very cre&shy;

<lb/>dible, that the Author be&longs;ides the&longs;e, di&longs;covered other di&longs;orders in 

<lb/>Nature, which perhaps in reverend re&longs;pect of her, he was not will&shy;

<lb/>ing to in&longs;tance in. </s><s>Therefore let us proceed to the third Obje&shy;

<lb/>ction. <emph type="italics"/>In&longs;uper qu&icirc; fit, ut ist&aelig; res tam vari&aelig; tant&ugrave;m moveantur 

<lb/>ab Occa&longs;u in Ortum, parallel&aelig; ad &AElig;quatorem? </s><s>ut &longs;emper movean&shy;

<lb/>tur, nunquam quie&longs;cant? [which &longs;peaks to this &longs;en&longs;e:]<emph.end type="italics"/> Moreover, 

<lb/>how comes it to pa&longs;s that the&longs;e things, &longs;o diver&longs;e, are onely moved 

<lb/>from the We&longs;t towards the Ea&longs;t, parallel to the &AElig;quinoctial? 

<lb/></s><s>that they always move, and never re&longs;t?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>They move from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t parallel to the &AElig;qui&shy;

<lb/>noctial without cea&longs;ing, in the &longs;ame manner as you believe the 

<lb/>fixed &longs;tars to move from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t, parallel to the &AElig;quinocti&shy;

<lb/>al, without ever re&longs;ting.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"/>Quar&egrave;, qu&ograve; &longs;unt altiores, celeri&ugrave;s; qu&ograve; humiliores, tar&shy;

<lb/>di&ugrave;s? (i. </s><s>e.)<emph.end type="italics"/> Why are the higher the &longs;wifter, and the lower the 

<lb/>&longs;lower?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Becau&longs;e that in a Sphere or circle, that turns about up&shy;

<lb/>on its own centre, the remoter parts de&longs;cribe greater circuits, and 

<lb/>the parts nearer at hand de&longs;cribe le&longs;&longs;er in the &longs;ame time.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"/>Quare, qu&aelig; &AElig;quinoctiali propriores, in majori; qu&aelig;<emph.end type="italics"/>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/225.jpg" pagenum="217"/><emph type="italics"/>remotiores, in minori circulo feruntur? [&longs;cilicet:]<emph.end type="italics"/> Why are 

<lb/>tho&longs;e near the &AElig;quinoctial carried about in a greater circle, and 

<lb/>tho&longs;e which are remote in a le&longs;&longs;er?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>To imitate the &longs;tarry Sphere, in which tho&longs;e neare&longs;t 

<lb/>to the &AElig;quinoctial, move in greater circles, than the more re&shy;

<lb/>mote.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"/>Quar&egrave; Pila eadem &longs;ub &AElig;quinoctiali tota circa centrum 

<lb/>terr &aelig;, ambitu maximo, celeritate incredibili; &longs;ub Polo ver&ograve; circa 

<lb/>centrum proprium, gyro nullo, tarditate &longs;uprem&acirc; volveretur? 

<lb/>[That is:]<emph.end type="italics"/> Why is the &longs;ame ball under the &AElig;quinoctial wholly 

<lb/>turned round the centre of the Earth in the greate&longs;t circumfe&shy;

<lb/>rence, with an incredible celerity; but under the Pole about its 

<lb/>own centre, in no circuite, but with the ultimate degree of tar&shy;

<lb/>dity?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>To imitate the &longs;tars of the Firmament, that would do 

<lb/>the like if they had the diurnal motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"/>Quare eadem res, pila v. </s><s>g. </s><s>plumbea, &longs;i &longs;emel terram 

<lb/>circuivit, de&longs;cripto circulo maximo, eandem ubique non circum&shy;

<lb/>migret &longs;ecund&ugrave;m circulum maximum, &longs;ed tran&longs;lata extra &AElig;quino&shy;

<lb/>ctialem in circulis minoribus agetur? [Which &longs;peaketh thus:]<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Why doth not the &longs;ame thing, as for example, a ball of lead 

<lb/>turn round every where according to the &longs;ame great circle, if once 

<lb/>de&longs;cribing a great circle, it hath incompa&longs;&longs;ed the Earth, but being 

<lb/>removed from the &AElig;quinoctial, doth move in le&longs;&longs;er circles?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Becau&longs;e &longs;o would, nay, according to the doctrine of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ptolomey,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;o have &longs;ome fixed &longs;tars done, which once were very 

<lb/>near the &AElig;quinoctial, and de&longs;cribed very va&longs;t circles, and now that 

<lb/>they are farther off, de&longs;cribe le&longs;&longs;er.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If I could now but keep in mind all the&longs;e fine no&shy;

<lb/>tions, I &longs;hould think that I had made a great purcha&longs;e; I mu&longs;t 

<lb/>needs intreat you, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> to lend me this Book, for there can&shy;

<lb/>not chu&longs;e but be a &longs;ea of rare and ingenious matters contained in 

<lb/>it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will pre&longs;ent you with it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Not &longs;o, Sir; I would not deprive you of it: but are 

<lb/>the Queries yet at an end?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>No Sir; hearken therefore. <emph type="italics"/>Si latio circularis gra&shy;

<lb/>vibus &amp; levibus e&longs;t naturalis, qualis e&longs;t ea qu&aelig; fit &longs;ecund&ugrave;m line&shy;

<lb/>am rectam? </s><s>Nam &longs;i naturalis, quomodo &amp; is motus qui circum est, 

<lb/>naturalis e&longs;t, c&ugrave;m &longs;pecie differat &agrave; recto? </s><s>Si violentus, qu&icirc; fit, ut 

<lb/>mi&longs;&longs;ile ignitum &longs;ur&longs;&ugrave;m evolans &longs;cintillo&longs;um caput &longs;ur&longs;&ugrave;m &agrave; terr&acirc;, 

<lb/>non autem circum volvatur, &amp;c. [Which take in our idiom:]<emph.end type="italics"/> If 

<lb/>a circular lation is natural to heavy and light things, what is that 

<lb/>which is made according to a right line? </s><s>For if it be natural, how 

<lb/>then is that motion which is about the centre natural, &longs;eeing it 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/226.jpg" pagenum="218"/>differs in &longs;pecies from a right motion? </s><s>If it be violent, how is it 

<lb/>that a fiery dart flying upwards, &longs;parkling over our heads at a di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance from the Earth, but not turning about, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg420"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg420"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Of the mixt mo&shy;

<lb/>tion we &longs;ee not the 

<lb/>part that is circu&shy;

<lb/>lar, becau&longs;e we 

<lb/>partake thereof.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It hath been &longs;aid already very often, that the circular 

<lb/>motion is natural to the whole, and to its parts, whil&longs;t they are in 

<lb/>perfect di&longs;po&longs;ure, and the right is to reduce to order the parts 

<lb/>di&longs;ordered; though indeed it is better to &longs;ay, that neither the 

<lb/>parts ordered or di&longs;ordered ever move with a right motion, but 

<lb/>with one mixed, which might as well be averred meerly circular: 

<lb/>but to us but one part onely of this motion is vi&longs;ible and ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>vable, that is, the part of the right, the other part of the circular 

<lb/>being imperceptible to us, becau&longs;e we partake thereof. </s><s>And this 

<lb/>an&longs;wers to the rays which move upwards, and round about, but we 

<lb/>cannot di&longs;tingui&longs;h their circular motion, for that, with that we our 

<lb/>&longs;elves move al&longs;o. </s><s>But I believe that this Author never thought 

<lb/>of this mixture; for you may &longs;ee that he re&longs;olutely &longs;aith, that the 

<lb/>rays go directly upwards, and not at all in gyration.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"/>Quare centrum &longs;ph&aelig;re delap&longs;&aelig; &longs;ub &AElig;quatore &longs;piram de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cribit in ejus plano: &longs;ub aliis parallelis &longs;piram de&longs;cribit in cono? 

<lb/></s><s>&longs;ub Polo de&longs;cendit in axe lineam gyralem, decurrens in &longs;uperficie 

<lb/>cylindric&acirc; con&longs;ignatam<emph.end type="italics"/>? (In Engli&longs;h to this purpo&longs;e:) Why doth 

<lb/>the centre of a falling Globe under the &AElig;quinoctial de&longs;cribe a 

<lb/>&longs;piral line in the plane of the &AElig;quator; and in other parallels 

<lb/>a &longs;piral about a Cone; and under the Pole de&longs;cend in the 

<lb/>axis de&longs;cribing a gyral line, running in a Cylindrical Super&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>cies?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Becau&longs;e of the lines drawn from the Centre to the cir&shy;

<lb/>cumference of the &longs;phere, which are tho&longs;e by which <emph type="italics"/>graves<emph.end type="italics"/> de&shy;

<lb/>fcend, that which terminates in the &AElig;quinoctial de&longs;igneth a cir&shy;

<lb/>cle, and tho&longs;e that terminate in other parallels de&longs;cribe conical 

<lb/>&longs;uperficies; now the axis de&longs;cribeth nothing at all, but continueth 

<lb/>in its own being. </s><s>And if I may give you my judgment freely, I 

<lb/>will &longs;ay, that I cannot draw from all the&longs;e Queries, any &longs;en&longs;e that 

<lb/>interfereth with the motion of the Earth; for if I demand of this 

<lb/>Author, (granting him that the Earth doth not move) what would 

<lb/>follow in all the&longs;e particulars, &longs;uppo&longs;ing that it do move, as <emph type="italics"/>Co&shy;

<lb/>pernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> will have it; I am very confident, that he would &longs;ay that 

<lb/>all the&longs;e effects would happen, that he hath objected, as inconve&shy;

<lb/>niences to di&longs;prove its mobility: &longs;o that in this mans opinion ne&shy;

<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ary con&longs;equences are accounted ab&longs;urdities: but I be&longs;eech 

<lb/>you, if there be any more, di&longs;patch them, and free us &longs;peedily 

<lb/>from this weari&longs;om task.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>In this which follows he oppo&longs;es <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> &amp; his Sectators, 

<lb/>who affirm, that the motion of the parts &longs;eparated from their whole, 

<lb/>is onely to unite them&longs;elves to their whole; but that the moving 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/227.jpg" pagenum="219"/>circularly along with the vertigenous diurnal revolution is ab&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>lutely natural: again&longs;t which he objecteth, &longs;aying, that according 

<lb/>to the&longs;e mens opinion; <emph type="italics"/>Si tota terra, un&agrave; cum aqu&acirc; in nihilum 

<lb/>redigeretur, nulla grando aut pluvia &egrave; nube decideret, &longs;ed natu&shy;

<lb/>raliter tant&ugrave;m circumferetur, neque ignis ullus, aut igneum a&longs;cen&shy;

<lb/>deret, c&ugrave;m illorum non improbabili &longs;ententi&agrave; ignis nullus &longs;it &longs;upr&agrave;.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>[Which I tran&longs;late to this &longs;en&longs;e:] If the whole Earth, together 

<lb/>with the Water were reduced into nothing, no hail or rain would 

<lb/>fall from the clouds, but would be onely naturally carried round; 

<lb/>neither any fire or fiery thing would a&longs;cend, &longs;eeing to the&longs;e that men 

<lb/>it is no improbable opinion that there is no fire above.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The providence of this Philo&longs;opher is admirable, and 

<lb/>worthy of great applau&longs;e, for he is not content to provide for 

<lb/>things that might happen, the cour&longs;e of Nature continuing, but 

<lb/>will &longs;hew hic care in what may follow from tho&longs;e things that he 

<lb/>very well knows &longs;hall never come to pa&longs;s. </s><s>I will grant him there&shy;

<lb/>fore, (that I may get &longs;om pretty pa&longs;&longs;ages out of him) that if the 

<lb/>Earth and Water &longs;hould be reduced to nothing, there would be no 

<lb/>more hails or rains, nor would igneal matters a&longs;cend any longer 

<lb/>upwards, but would continually turn round: what will follow? 

<lb/></s><s>what will the Philo&longs;opher &longs;ay then?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The objection is in the words which immediately fol&shy;

<lb/>low; here they are: <emph type="italics"/>Quibus tamen experientia &amp; ratio adver&shy;

<lb/>&longs;atur.<emph.end type="italics"/> Which neverthele&longs;s (&longs;aith he) is contrary to experience and 

<lb/>rea&longs;on.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now I mu&longs;t yield, &longs;eeing he hath &longs;o great an advan&shy;

<lb/>tage of me as experience, of which I am unprovided. </s><s>For as yet 

<lb/>I never had the fortune to &longs;ee the Terre&longs;trial Globe and the ele&shy;

<lb/>ment of Water turn'd to nothing, &longs;o as to have been able to ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erve what the hail and water did in that little Chaos. </s><s>But he 

<lb/>perhaps tells us for our in&longs;truction what they did.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. No, he doth not.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I would give any thing to change a word or two with 

<lb/>this per&longs;on, to ask him, whether when this Globe vani&longs;hed, it car&shy;

<lb/>ried away with it the common centre of gravity, as I believe it did; 

<lb/>in which ca&longs;e, I think that the hail and water would remain in&longs;en&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ate and &longs;tupid among&longs;t the clouds, without knowing what to do 

<lb/>with them&longs;elves. </s><s>It might be al&longs;o, that attracted by that great 

<lb/>void <emph type="italics"/>Vacuum,<emph.end type="italics"/> left by the Earths ab&longs;enting, all the ambients would 

<lb/>be rarified, and particularly, the air, which is extreme ea&longs;ily drawn, 

<lb/>and would run thither with very great ha&longs;te to fill it up. </s><s>And 

<lb/>perhaps the more &longs;olid and material bodies, as birds, (for there 

<lb/>would in all probability be many of them &longs;cattered up and down 

<lb/>in the air) would retire more towards the centre of the great va&shy;

<lb/>cant &longs;phere; (for it &longs;eemeth very rea&longs;onable, that &longs;ub&longs;tances that 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/228.jpg" pagenum="220"/>under &longs;mall bulk contain much matter, &longs;hould have narrower pla&shy;

<lb/>ces a&longs;&longs;igned them, leaving the more &longs;pacious to the more rarified) 

<lb/>and there being dead of hunger, and re&longs;olved into Earth, would 

<lb/>form a new little Globe, with that little water, which at that time 

<lb/>was among the clouds. </s><s>It might be al&longs;o, that tho&longs;e matters as 

<lb/>not beholding the light, would not perceive the Earths departure, 

<lb/>but like blind things, would de&longs;cend according to their u&longs;ual cu&longs;tom 

<lb/>to the centre, whither they would now go, if that globe did not 

<lb/>hinder them. </s><s>And la&longs;tly, that I may give this Philo&longs;opher a le&longs;s 

<lb/>irre&longs;olute an&longs;wer, I do tell him, that I know as much of what 

<lb/>would follow upon the annihilation of the Terre&longs;trial Globe, as 

<lb/>he would have done that was to have followed in and about the 

<lb/>&longs;ame, before it was created. </s><s>And becau&longs;e I am certain he will 

<lb/>&longs;ay, that he would never have been able to have known any of 

<lb/>all tho&longs;e things which experience alone hath made him knowing 

<lb/>in, he ought not to deny me pardon, and to excu&longs;e me if I know 

<lb/>not that which he knows, touching what would en&longs;ue upon the 

<lb/>annihilation of the &longs;aid Globe: for that I want that experience 

<lb/>which he hath. </s><s>Let us hear if he have any thing el&longs;e to &longs;ay.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There remains this figure, which repre&longs;ents the Terre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trial Globe with a great cavity about its centre, full of air; and 

<lb/>to &longs;hew that <emph type="italics"/>Graves<emph.end type="italics"/> move not downwards to unite with the Ter&shy;

<lb/>re&longs;trial Globe, as <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aith, he con&longs;tituteth this &longs;tone in 

<lb/>the centre; and demandeth, it being left at liberty, what it would 

<lb/>do; and he placeth another in the &longs;pace of this great vacuum, and 

<lb/>asketh the &longs;ame que&longs;tion. </s><s>Saying, as to the fir&longs;t: <emph type="italics"/>Lapis in centro 

<lb/>con&longs;titutus, aut a&longs;cendet ad terram in punctum aliquod, aut non. </s><s>Si 

<lb/>&longs;ecundum; fal&longs;um est, partes ob &longs;olam &longs;ejunctionem &agrave; toto, ad il&shy;

<lb/>lud moveri. </s><s>Si primum; omnis ratio &amp; experientia renititur, 

<lb/>neque gravia in &longs;u&oelig; gravitatis centro conquie&longs;cent. </s><s>Item &longs;i &longs;u&shy;

<lb/>&longs;pen&longs;us lapis, liberatus decidat in centrum, &longs;eparabit &longs;e &agrave; toto, con&shy;

<lb/>tra<emph.end type="italics"/> Copernicum<emph type="italics"/>: &longs;i pendeat, refragatur omnis experientia, c&ugrave;m 

<lb/>videamus integros fornices corruere.<emph.end type="italics"/> (Wherein he &longs;aith:) The 

<lb/>&longs;tone placed in the centre, either a&longs;cendeth to the Earth in &longs;ome 

<lb/>point, or no. </s><s>If the &longs;econd, it is fal&longs;e that the parts &longs;eparated 

<lb/>from the whole, move unto it. </s><s>If the fir&longs;t; it contradicteth all 

<lb/>rea&longs;on and experience, nor doth the grave body re&longs;t in the centre 

<lb/>of its gravity. </s><s>And if the &longs;tone being &longs;u&longs;pended in the air, be let 

<lb/>go, do de&longs;cend to the centre, it will &longs;eparate from its whole, con&shy;

<lb/>trary to <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus:<emph.end type="italics"/> if it do hang in the air, it contradicteth all 

<lb/>experience: &longs;ince we &longs;ee whole Vaults to fall down.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will an&longs;wer, though with great di&longs;advantage to my 

<lb/>&longs;elf, &longs;eeing I have to do with one who hath &longs;een by experience, 

<lb/>what the&longs;e &longs;tones do in this great Cave: a thing, which for my 

<lb/>part I have not &longs;een; and will &longs;ay, that things grave have an exi&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/229.jpg" pagenum="221"/>&longs;tence before the common centre of gravity: &longs;o that it is not one </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg421"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>centre alone, which is no other than indivi&longs;ible point, and therefore 

<lb/>of no efficacie, that can attract unto it grave matters; but that tho&longs;e 

<lb/>matters con&longs;piring naturally to unite, form to them&longs;elves a com&shy;

<lb/>mon centre, which is that about which parts of equal moment 

<lb/>con&longs;i&longs;t: &longs;o that I hold, that if the great aggregate of grave bo&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg422"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>dies were gathered all into any one place, the &longs;mall parts that were 

<lb/>&longs;eparated from their whole, would follow the &longs;ame, and if they 

<lb/>were not hindered, would penetrate wherever they &longs;hould find 

<lb/>parts le&longs;s grave than them&longs;elves: but coming where they &longs;hould 

<lb/>meet with matters more grave, they would de&longs;cend no farther. 

<lb/></s><s>And therefore I hold, that in the Cave full of air, the whole Vault 

<lb/>would pre&longs;s, and violently re&longs;t it &longs;elf onely upon that air, in ca&longs;e 

<lb/>its hardne&longs;s could not be overcome and broken by its gravity; but 

<lb/>loo&longs;e &longs;tones, I believe, would de&longs;cend to the centre, and not &longs;wim 

<lb/>above in the air: nor may it be &longs;aid, that they move not to their 

<lb/>whole, though they move whither all the parts of the whole 

<lb/>would transfer them&longs;elves, if all impediments were removed.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg421"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Things grave are 

<lb/>before the centre of 

<lb/>gravity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg422"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The great ma&longs;s 

<lb/>of grave bodies be&shy;

<lb/>ing transferred out 

<lb/>of their place, the 

<lb/>&longs;eparated parts 

<lb/>would follow that 

<lb/>ma&szlig;.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>That which remaineth, is a certain Errour which he ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erveth in a Di&longs;ciple of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> who making the Earth to 

<lb/>move with an annual motion, and a diurnal, in the &longs;ame manner 

<lb/>as the Cart-wheel moveth upon the circle of the Earth, and in it 

<lb/>&longs;elf, did con&longs;titute the Terre&longs;trial Globe too great, or the great 

<lb/>Orb too little; for that 365 revolutions of the &AElig;quinoctial, are 

<lb/>le&longs;s by far than the circumference of the great Orb.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Take notice that you mi&longs;take, and tell us the direct 

<lb/>contrary to what mu&longs;t needs be written in that Book; for you 

<lb/>&longs;hould &longs;ay, that that &longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> Author did con&longs;titute the 

<lb/>Terre&longs;trial Globe too little, and the great Orb too big; and not 

<lb/>the Terre&longs;trial Globe too big, and the annual too little.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The mi&longs;take is not mine; &longs;ee here the words of the 

<lb/>Book. <emph type="italics"/>Non videt, qu&ograve;d vel circulum annuum &aelig;quo minorem, vel 

<lb/>orbem terreum ju&longs;to mult&ograve; fabricet majorem.<emph.end type="italics"/> (In Engli&longs;h thus:) 

<lb/>He &longs;eeth not, that he either maketh the annual circle equal to the 

<lb/>le&longs;s, or the Terre&longs;trial Orb much too big.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I cannot tell whether the fir&longs;t Author erred or no, &longs;ince 

<lb/>the Author of this Tractate doth not name him; but the error of 

<lb/>this Book is certain and unpardonable, whether that follower of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> erred or not erred; for that your Author pa&longs;&longs;eth by &longs;o 

<lb/>material an error, without either detecting or correcting it. </s><s>But 

<lb/>let him be forgiven this fault, as an error rather of inadvertencie, 

<lb/>than of any thing el&longs;e: Farthermore, were it not, that I am al&shy;

<lb/>ready wearied and tired with talking and &longs;pending &longs;o mnch time 

<lb/>with very little profit, in the&longs;e frivolous janglings and alterca&shy;

<lb/>tions, I could &longs;hew, that it is not impo&longs;&longs;ible for a circle, though 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/230.jpg" pagenum="222"/><arrow.to.target n="marg423"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>no bigger than a Cart-wheel, with making not 365, but le&longs;&longs;e than 

<lb/>20 revolutions, to de&longs;cribe and mea&longs;ure the circumference, not 

<lb/>onely of the grand Orb, but of one a thou&longs;and times greater; 

<lb/>and this I &longs; y to &longs;hew, that there do not want far greater &longs;ubtil&shy;

<lb/>ties, than this wherewith your Author goeth about to detect the 

<lb/>errour of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/>: but I pray you, let us breath a little, that 

<lb/>&longs;o we may proceed to the other Philo&longs;opher, that oppo&longs;eth of the 

<lb/>&longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg423"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is not impo&longs;&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>ble with the cir&shy;

<lb/>cumference of a 

<lb/>&longs;mall circle few 

<lb/>times revolved to 

<lb/>mea&longs;ure and de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cribe a line bigger 

<lb/>than any great cir&shy;

<lb/>cle what &longs;oever.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>To confe&longs;&longs;e the truth, I &longs;tand as much in need of re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;pite as either of you; though I have onely wearied my eares: 

<lb/>and were it not that I hope to hear more ingenious things from 

<lb/>this other Author, I que&longs;tion whether I &longs;hould not go my ways, to 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg424"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>take the air in my ^{*} Plea&longs;ure-boat.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg424"></margin.target>Gondola.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe that you will hear things of greater moment; 

<lb/>for this is a mo&longs;t accompli&longs;hed Philo&longs;opher, and a great Mathema&shy;

<lb/>tician, and hath confuted <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> in the bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e of the Comets, 

<lb/>and new Stars.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg425"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg425"></margin.target>* The name of 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Author<emph.end type="italics"/> is <emph type="italics"/>Sci&shy;

<lb/>pie Claramontius.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Perhaps he is the &longs;ame with the Author of the Book, 

<lb/>called <emph type="italics"/>Anti-Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/>?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>He is the very &longs;ame: but the confutation of the new 

<lb/>Stars is not in his <emph type="italics"/>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> onely &longs;o far as he proveth, that they 

<lb/>were not prejudicial to the inalterability and ingenerability of the 

<lb/>Heavens, as I told you before; but after he had publi&longs;hed his 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> having found out, by help of the Parallaxes, a way to 

<lb/>demon&longs;trate, that they al&longs;o are things elementary, and contained 

<lb/>within the concave of the Moon, he hath writ this other Book, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>de tribus uovis Stellis, &amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> and therein al&longs;o in&longs;erted the Argu&shy;

<lb/>ments again&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/>: I have already &longs;hewn you what he 

<lb/>harh written touching the&longs;e new Stars in his <emph type="italics"/>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> where he 

<lb/>denied not, but that they were in the Heavens; but he proved, that 

<lb/>their production altered not the inalterability of the Heavens, and 

<lb/>that he did, with a Di&longs;cour&longs;e purely philo&longs;ophical, in the &longs;ame man 

<lb/>ner as you have already heard. </s><s>And I then forgot to tell you, how 

<lb/>that he afterwards did finde out a way to remove them out of the 

<lb/>Heavens; for he proceeding in this confutation, by way of com&shy;

<lb/>putations and parallaxes, matters little or nothing at all under&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tood by me, I did not mention them to you, but have bent all my 

<lb/>&longs;tudies upon the&longs;e arguments again&longs;t the motion of the Earth, 

<lb/>which are purely natural.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I under&longs;tand you very well: and it will be convenient 

<lb/>after we have heard what he hath to &longs;ay again&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that 

<lb/>we hear, or &longs;ee at lea&longs;t the manner wherewith he, by way of Pa&shy;

<lb/>rallaxes, proveth tho&longs;e new &longs;tars to be elementary, which &longs;o many 

<lb/>famous A&longs;tronomers con&longs;titute to be all very high, and among&longs;t 

<lb/>the &longs;tars of the Firmament; and as this Author accompli&longs;heth &longs;uch 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/231.jpg" pagenum="223"/>an enterprize of pulling the new &longs;tars out of heaven, and placing 

<lb/>them in the elementary Sphere, he &longs;hall be worthy to be highly 

<lb/>exalted, and transferred him&longs;elf among&longs;t the &longs;tars, or at lea&longs;t, 

<lb/>that his name be by fame eternized among&longs;t them. </s><s>Yet before we 

<lb/>enter upon this, let us hear what he alledgeth again&longs;t the opinion 

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and do you begin to recite his Arguments.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It will not be nece&longs;&longs;ary that we read them <emph type="italics"/>ad verbum,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>becau&longs;e they are very prolix; but I, as you may &longs;ee, in reading 

<lb/>them &longs;everal times attentively, have marked in the margine tho&longs;e 

<lb/>words, wherein the &longs;trength of his arguments lie, and it will 

<lb/>&longs;uffice to read them. </s><s>The &longs;ir&longs;t Argument beginneth here. <emph type="italics"/>Et<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg426"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>primo, &longs;i opinio Copernici recipiatur, Criterium naturalis Philo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ophi&aelig;, ni pror&longs;us tollatur, vehementer &longs;altem labefactari 

<lb/>videtur.<emph.end type="italics"/> [In our Idiom thus] And fir&longs;t, if <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> his opinion 

<lb/>be imbraced, the <emph type="italics"/>Criterium<emph.end type="italics"/> of natural Philo&longs;ophy will be, if not 

<lb/>wholly &longs;ubverted, yet at lea&longs;t extreamly &longs;haken.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg426"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The opinion of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Copernicus <emph type="italics"/>over&shy;

<lb/>throws the<emph.end type="italics"/> Crite&shy;

<lb/>rium <emph type="italics"/>of Philo&longs;ophy<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>Which, according to the opinion of all the &longs;ects of Philo&longs;ophers 

<lb/>requireth, that Sen&longs;e and Experience be our guides in philo&longs;opha&shy;

<lb/>ting: But in the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> po&longs;ition the Sen&longs;es are greatly delu&shy;

<lb/>ded, whil'&longs;t that they vi&longs;ibly di&longs;cover neer at hand in a pure <emph type="italics"/>Medi&shy;

<lb/>um,<emph.end type="italics"/> the grave&longs;t bodies to de&longs;cend perpendicularly downwards, ne&shy;

<lb/>ver deviating a &longs;ingle hairs breadth from rectitude; and yet accor&shy;

<lb/>ding to the opinion of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> the &longs;ight in &longs;o manife&longs;t a thing 

<lb/>is deceived, and that motion is not reall &longs;traight, but mixt of 

<lb/>right and circular.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is the fir&longs;t argument, that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle, Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>all their followers do produce; to which we have abundant&shy;

<lb/>ly an&longs;wered, and &longs;hewn the Paralogi&longs;me, and with &longs;ufficient 

<lb/>plainne&longs;&longs;e proved, that the motion in common to us and other mo&shy;

<lb/>veables, is, as if there were no &longs;uch thing; but becau&longs;e true con&shy;

<lb/>clu&longs;ions meet with a thou&longs;and accidents, that confirme them, I 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg427"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>will, with the favour of this Philo&longs;opher, adde &longs;omething more; 

<lb/>and you <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> per&longs;onating him, an&longs;wer me to what I &longs;hall 

<lb/>ask you: And fir&longs;t tell me, what effect hath that &longs;tone upon you, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg428"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>which falling from the top of the Tower, is the cau&longs;e that you per&shy;

<lb/>ceive that motion; for if its fall doth operate upon you neither 

<lb/>more nor le&longs;&longs;e, than its &longs;tanding &longs;till on the Towers top, you 

<lb/>doubtle&longs;&longs;e could not di&longs;cern its de&longs;cent, or di&longs;tingui&longs;h its moving 

<lb/>from its lying &longs;till.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg427"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Common motion 

<lb/>is, as if it never 

<lb/>were.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg428"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The argument 

<lb/>taken from things 

<lb/>falling perpendicu&shy;

<lb/>larly, another way 

<lb/>confuted.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I comprehend its moving, in relation to the Tower, 

<lb/>for that I &longs;ee it one while ju&longs;t again&longs;t &longs;uch a mark in the &longs;aid 

<lb/>Tower, and another while again&longs;t another lower, and &longs;o &longs;ucce&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ively, till that at la&longs;t I perceive it arrived at the ground.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then if that &longs;tone were let fall from the tallons of an 

<lb/>Eagle flying, and &longs;hould de&longs;cend thorow the &longs;imple invi&longs;ible Air, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/232.jpg" pagenum="224"/>and you had no other object vi&longs;ible and &longs;table, wherewith to make 

<lb/>compari&longs;ons to that, you could not perceive its motion?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. No, nor the &longs;tone it &longs;elf; for if I would &longs;ee it, when 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg429"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>it is at the highe&longs;t, I mu&longs;t rai&longs;e up my head, and as it de&longs;cendeth 

<lb/>I mu&longs;t hold it lower and lower, and in a word, mu&longs;t continually 

<lb/>move either that, or my eyes, following the motion of the &longs;aid 

<lb/>&longs;tone.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg429"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Whence the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of a cadent bo&shy;

<lb/>dy is collected.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You have now rightly an&longs;wered: you know then that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg430"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the &longs;tone lyeth &longs;till, when without moving your eye, you alwayes 

<lb/>&longs;ee it before you; and you know that it moveth, when for the 

<lb/>keeping it in &longs;ight, you mu&longs;t move the organ of &longs;ight, the eye. </s><s>So 

<lb/>then when ever without moving your eye, you continually be&shy;

<lb/>hold an object in the &longs;elf &longs;ame a&longs;pect, you do always judge it 

<lb/>immoveable.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg430"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motion of 

<lb/>the eye argueth 

<lb/>the motion of the 

<lb/>object looked on.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think it mu&longs;t needs be &longs;o.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now fancy your &longs;elf to be in a &longs;hip, and to have fixed 

<lb/>your eye on the point of the Sail-yard: Do you think, that be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e the &longs;hip moveth very fa&longs;t, you mu&longs;t move your eye, to keep 

<lb/>your &longs;ight alwayes upon the point of the Sail-yard, and to fol&shy;

<lb/>low its motion?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I am certain, that I &longs;hould need to make no change at 

<lb/>all; and that not only in the &longs;ight; but if I had aimed a Musket 

<lb/>at it, I &longs;hould never have need, let the &longs;hip move how it will, 

<lb/>to &longs;tir it an hairs breadth to keep it full upon the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And this happens becau&longs;e the motion, which the Ship 

<lb/>conferreth on the Sail-yard, it conferreth al&longs;o upon you, and upon 

<lb/>your eye; &longs;o that you need not &longs;tir it a jot to behold the top of 

<lb/>the Sail-yard: and con&longs;equently, it will &longs;eem to you immovea&shy;

<lb/>able. </s><s>Now this Di&longs;cour&longs;e being applied to the revolution of the 

<lb/>Earth, and to the &longs;tone placed in the top of the Tower, in which 

<lb/>you cannot di&longs;cern any motion, becau&longs;e that you have that mo&shy;

<lb/>tion which is nece&longs;&longs;ary for the following of it, in common with it 

<lb/>from the Earth; &longs;o that you need not move your eye. </s><s>When a&shy;

<lb/>gain there is conferred upon it the motion of de&longs;cent, which is its 

<lb/>particular motion, and not yours, and that it is intermixed with the 

<lb/>circular, that part of the circular which is common to the &longs;tone, 

<lb/>and to the eye, continueth to be imperceptible, and the right one&shy;

<lb/>ly is perceived, for that to the perception of it, you mu&longs;t follow it 

<lb/>with your eye, looking lower and lower. </s><s>I wi&longs;h for the undecei&shy;

<lb/>ving of this Philo&longs;opher, that I could advi&longs;e him, that &longs;ome time 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg431"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>or other going by water, he would carry along with him a Ve&longs;&longs;el 

<lb/>of rea&longs;onable depth full of water, and prepare a ball of wax, or 

<lb/>other matter that would de&longs;cend very &longs;lowly to the bottome, &longs;o 

<lb/>that in a minute of an hour, it would &longs;carce &longs;ink a yard; and that 

<lb/>rowing the boat as fa&longs;t as could be, &longs;o that in a minute of an hour 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/233.jpg" pagenum="225"/>it &longs;hould run above an hundred yards, he would let the ball &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>merge into the water, &amp; freely de&longs;cend, &amp; diligently ob&longs;erve its mo&shy;

<lb/>tion. </s><s>If he would but do thus, he &longs;hould &longs;ee, fir&longs;t, that it would go in a 

<lb/>direct line towards that point of the bottom of the ve&longs;&longs;el, whither it 

<lb/>would tend, if the boat &longs;hould &longs;tand &longs;till; &amp; to his eye, and in rela&shy;

<lb/>tion to the ve&longs;&longs;el, that motion would appear mo&longs;t &longs;traight and per&shy;

<lb/>pendicular, and yet he could not &longs;ay, but that it would be compo&longs;ed 

<lb/>of the right motion downwards, and of the circular about the ele&shy;

<lb/>ment of water. </s><s>And if the&longs;e things befall in matters not natural, 

<lb/>and in things that we may experiment in their &longs;tate of re&longs;t; &amp; then 

<lb/>again in the contrary &longs;tate of motion, and yet as to appearance no 

<lb/>diver&longs;ity at all is di&longs;covered, &amp; that they &longs;eem to deceive our &longs;en&longs;e 

<lb/>what can we di&longs;tingui&longs;h touching the Earth, which hath been per&shy;

<lb/>petually in the &longs;ame con&longs;titution, as to motion and re&longs;t? </s><s>And in 

<lb/>what time can we experiment whether any difference is di&longs;cernable 

<lb/>among&longs;t the&longs;e accidents of local motion, in its diver&longs;e &longs;tates of mo&shy;

<lb/>tion and re&longs;t, if it eternally indureth in but one onely of them?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg431"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An experiment 

<lb/>that &longs;heweth how 

<lb/>the common motion 

<lb/>is imperceptible.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The&longs;e Di&longs;cour&longs;es have &longs;omewhat whetted my &longs;tomack, 

<lb/>which tho&longs;e fi&longs;hes, and &longs;nails had in part nau&longs;eated; and the former 

<lb/>made me call to minde the correction of an errour, that hath &longs;o 

<lb/>much appearance of truth, that I know not whether one of a 

<lb/>thou&longs;and would refu&longs;e to admit it as unque&longs;tionable. </s><s>And it was 

<lb/>this, that &longs;ailing into <emph type="italics"/>Syria,<emph.end type="italics"/> and carrying with me a very good 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope,<emph.end type="italics"/> that had been be&longs;towed on me by our <emph type="italics"/>Common Friend,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>who not many dayes before had invented, I propo&longs;ed to the Ma&shy;

<lb/>riners, that it would be of great benefit in Navigation to make u&longs;e 

<lb/>of it upon the round top of a &longs;hip, to di&longs;cover and kenne Ve&longs;&longs;els 

<lb/>afar off. </s><s>The benefit was approved, but there was objected the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg432"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>difficulty of u&longs;ing it, by rea&longs;on of the Ships continual fluctuation; 

<lb/>and e&longs;pecially on the round top, where the agitation is &longs;o much 

<lb/>greater, and that it would be better for any one that would make 

<lb/>u&longs;e thereof to &longs;tand at the Partners upon the upper Deck, where 

<lb/>the to&longs;&longs;ing is le&longs;&longs;e than in any other place of the Ship. </s><s>I (for I 

<lb/>will not conceal my errour) concurred in the &longs;ame opinion, and 

<lb/>for that time &longs;aid no more: nor can I tell you by what hints I was 

<lb/>moved to return to ruminate with my &longs;elf upon this bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e, and 

<lb/>in the end came to di&longs;cover my &longs;implicity (although excu&longs;able) in 

<lb/>admitting that for true, which is mo&longs;t fal&longs;e; fal&longs;e I &longs;ay, that the 

<lb/>great agitation of the basket or round top, in compari&longs;on of the 

<lb/>&longs;mall one below, at the partners of the Ma&longs;t, &longs;hould render the 

<lb/>u&longs;e of the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope<emph.end type="italics"/> more difficult in finding out the object.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg432"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An ingenuous 

<lb/>con&longs;ideration a&shy;

<lb/>bout the po&longs;&longs;ibility 

<lb/>of u&longs;ing the<emph.end type="italics"/> Tele&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cope <emph type="italics"/>with as much 

<lb/>facility on the 

<lb/>round top of the 

<lb/>Ma&longs;t of a &longs;hip, 

<lb/>as on the Deck.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I &longs;hould have accompanied the Mariners, and your &longs;elf 

<lb/>at the beginning.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>And &longs;o &longs;hould I have done, and &longs;till do: nor can I be&shy;

<lb/>lieve, if I &longs;hould think of it an hundred years, that I could under&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tand it otherwi&longs;e.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/234.jpg" pagenum="226"/><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I may then, it &longs;eems, for once prove a Ma&longs;ter to you both. 

<lb/></s><s>And becau&longs;e the proceeding by interrogatories doth in my opinion 

<lb/>much dilucidate things, be&longs;ides the plea&longs;ure which it affords of con&shy;

<lb/>founding our companion, forcing from him that which he thought he 

<lb/>knew not, I will make u&longs;e of that artifice. </s><s>And fir&longs;t, I &longs;uppo&longs;e that the 

<lb/>Ship, Gally, or other Ve&longs;&longs;el, which we would di&longs;cover, is a great way 

<lb/>off, that is, four, &longs;ix, ten, or twenty ^{*} miles, for that to kenne tho&longs;e 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg433"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>neer at hand there is no need of the&longs;e Gla&longs;&longs;es: &amp; con&longs;equently, the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope<emph.end type="italics"/> may at &longs;uch a di&longs;tance of four or &longs;ix miles conveniently 

<lb/>di&longs;cover the whole Ve&longs;&longs;el, &amp; a muchgreater bulk. </s><s>Now I demand 

<lb/>what for &longs;pecies, &amp; how many for number are the motions that are 

<lb/>made upon the round top, depending on the fluctuation of the Ship.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg433"></margin.target>* I deviate here 

<lb/>from the &longs;trict Sea 

<lb/>Diallect, which 

<lb/>denominatesall di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tances by Leagues.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We will &longs;uppo&longs;e that the Ship goeth towards the Ea&longs;t. 

<lb/></s><s>Fir&longs;t, in a calme Sea, it would have no other motion than 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg434"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>this of progre&longs;&longs;ion, but adding the undulation of the Waves, 

<lb/>there &longs;hall re&longs;ult thence one, which alternately hoy&longs;ting and low&shy;

<lb/>ering the poop and prow, maketh the round top, to lean forwards 

<lb/>and backwards; other waves driving the ve&longs;&longs;el &longs;idewayes, bow the 

<lb/>Ma&longs;t to the Starboard and Larboard; others, may bring the &longs;hip 

<lb/>&longs;omewhat abovt, and bear her away by the Mi&longs;ne from Ea&longs;t, one 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg435"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>while towards the ^{*} Northea&longs;t; another while toward the South&shy;

<lb/>ea&longs;t; others bearing her up by the Carine may make her onely to 

<lb/>ri&longs;e, and fall; and in &longs;um, the&longs;e motions are for &longs;pecies two, one 

<lb/>that changeth the direction of the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope<emph.end type="italics"/> angularly, the other 

<lb/>lineally, without changing angle, that is, alwayes keeping the 

<lb/>tube of the In&longs;trument parallel to its &longs;elf.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg434"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Different moti&shy;

<lb/>ons depending on 

<lb/>the fluctuation of 

<lb/>the Ship.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg435"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>Greco,<emph.end type="italics"/> which 

<lb/>the Latine Tran&shy;

<lb/>&longs;lator according to 

<lb/>his u&longs;ual carele&longs;&longs;e&shy;

<lb/>ne&longs;&longs;e (to call it no 

<lb/>wor&longs;e) tran&longs;lates 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Corum Ventum,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>the Northwe&longs;t 

<lb/>Wind, for <emph type="italics"/>Ventum 

<lb/>Libanotum.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Tell me, in the next place, if we, having fir&longs;t directed 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg436"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope<emph.end type="italics"/> yonder away towards the Tower of ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Burano,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ix 

<lb/>miles from hence, do turn it angularly to the right hand, or to the 

<lb/>left, or el&longs;e upwards or downwards, but a ^{*}&longs;traws breadth, what ef&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg437"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>fect &longs;hall it have upon us touching the finding out of the &longs;aid tower?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg436"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Two mutations 

<lb/>made in the Tele&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cope, depending on 

<lb/>the agitation of the 

<lb/>Ship.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg437"></margin.target>* This is a Ca&longs;tle 

<lb/>&longs;ix Italian miles 

<lb/>from <emph type="italics"/>Venice<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Northwards.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It would make us immediately lo&longs;e &longs;ight of it, for &longs;uch 

<lb/>a declination, though &longs;mall here, may import there hundreds and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg438"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>thou&longs;ands of yards.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg438"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>Vnnerod' ug&shy;

<lb/>na,<emph.end type="italics"/> the black or 

<lb/>paring of a nail.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But if without changing the angle, keeping the tube 

<lb/>alwayes parallel to it &longs;elf, we &longs;hould transfer it ten or twelve 

<lb/>yards farther off to the right or left hand, upwards or downwards, 

<lb/>what alteration would it make as to the Tower?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The change would be ab&longs;olutely undi&longs;cernable; for 

<lb/>that the &longs;paces here and there being contained between parallel 

<lb/>rayes, the mutations made here and there, ought to be equal, and 

<lb/>becau&longs;e the &longs;pace which the In&longs;trument di&longs;covers yonder, is capa&shy;

<lb/>ble of many of tho&longs;e Towers; therefore we &longs;hall not lo&longs;e &longs;ight of it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Returning now to the Ship, we may undoubtedly af&shy;

<lb/>firm, that the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope<emph.end type="italics"/> moving to the right or left, upwards, or 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/235.jpg" pagenum="227"/>downwards, and al&longs;o forwards or backwards ten or fifteen fathom, 

<lb/>keeping it all the while parallel to its &longs;elf, the vi&longs;ive ray cannot 

<lb/>&longs;tray from the point ob&longs;erved in the object, more than tho&longs;e fif&shy;

<lb/>teen fathom; and becau&longs;e in a di&longs;tance of eight or ten miles, the 

<lb/>In&longs;trument takes in a much greater &longs;pace than the Gally or other 

<lb/>Ve&longs;&longs;el kenn'd; therefore that &longs;mall mutation &longs;hall not make me 

<lb/>lo&longs;e &longs;ight of her. </s><s>The impediment therefore, and the cau&longs;e of 

<lb/>lo&longs;ing the object cannot befall us, unle&longs;&longs;e upon the mutation made 

<lb/>angularly; &longs;ince that <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;copes<emph.end type="italics"/> tran&longs;portation higher or lower, to 

<lb/>the right, or to the left, by the agitation of the &longs;hip, cannot import 

<lb/>any great number of fathomes. </s><s>Now &longs;uppo&longs;e that you had two 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;copes<emph.end type="italics"/> fixed, one at the Partners clo&longs;e by the Deck, and the o&shy;

<lb/>ther at the round top, nay at the main top, or main top-gallant 

<lb/>top, where you hang forth the <emph type="italics"/>Pennon<emph.end type="italics"/> or &longs;treamer, and that they 

<lb/>be both directed to the Ve&longs;&longs;el that is ten miles off, tell me, whe&shy;

<lb/>ther you believe that any agitation of the &longs;hip, &amp; inclination of the 

<lb/>Ma&longs;t, can make greater changes, as to the angle, in the higher tube, 

<lb/>than in the lower? </s><s>One wave ari&longs;ing, the prow will make the main 

<lb/>top give back fifteen or twenty fathom more than the foot of the 

<lb/>Ma&longs;t, and it &longs;hall carry the upper tube along with it &longs;o greata &longs;pace, 

<lb/>&amp; the lower it may be not a palm; but the angle &longs;hall change in one 

<lb/>In&longs;trument a&longs;well as in the other; and likewi&longs;e a &longs;ide-billow &longs;hall 

<lb/>bear the higher tube an hundred times as far to the Larboard or 

<lb/>Starboard, as it will the other below; but the angles change not at 

<lb/>all, or el&longs;e alter both alike. </s><s>But the mutation to the right hand or 

<lb/>left, forwards or backwards, upwards or downwards, bringeth no 

<lb/>&longs;en&longs;ible impediment in the kenning of objects remote, though the 

<lb/>alteration of the angle maketh great change therein; Therefore it 

<lb/>mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity be confe&longs;&longs;ed, that the u&longs;e of the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope<emph.end type="italics"/> on the 

<lb/>round top is no more difficult than upon the Deck at the Partners; 

<lb/>&longs;eeing that the angular mutations are alike in both places.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>How much circum&longs;pection is there to be u&longs;ed in affirming 

<lb/>or denying a propo&longs;ition? </s><s>I &longs;ay again, thar hearing it re&longs;olutely affir&shy;

<lb/>med, that there is a greater motion made on the Ma&longs;ts top, than at 

<lb/>its partners, every one will per&longs;wade him&longs;elf, that the u&longs;e of the <emph type="italics"/>Te&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;cope<emph.end type="italics"/> is much more difficult above than below. </s><s>And thus al&longs;o I w 

<lb/>ill excu&longs;e tho&longs;e Philo&longs;ophers, who grow impatient and fly out into 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;ion again&longs;t &longs;uch as will not grant them, that that Cannon bullet 

<lb/>which they cleerly &longs;ee to fall in a right line perpendicularly, doth 

<lb/>ab&longs;olutely move in that manner; but will have its motion to be by 

<lb/>an arch, and al&longs;o very much inclined and tran&longs;ver&longs;al: but let us 

<lb/>leave them in the&longs;e labyrinths, and let us hear the other objections, 

<lb/>that our Author in hand brings again&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The Author goeth on to demon&longs;trate that in the Do&shy;

<lb/>ctrine of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> it is requi&longs;ite to deny the Sen&longs;es, and the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/236.jpg" pagenum="228"/>greate&longs;t Sen&longs;ations, as for in&longs;tance it would be, if we that feel the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg439"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>re&longs;pirations of a gentle gale, &longs;hould not feel the impul&longs;e of a per&shy;

<lb/>petual winde that beateth upon us with a velocity that runs more 

<lb/>than 2529 miles an hour, for &longs;o much is the &longs;pace that the centre 

<lb/>of the Earth in its annual motion pa&longs;&longs;eth in an hour upon the cir&shy;

<lb/>cumference of the grand Orb, as he diligently calculates; and 

<lb/>becau&longs;e, as he &longs;aith, by the judgment of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus, Cum terra 

<lb/>movetur circumpo&longs;itus a&euml;r, motus tamen ejus, velocior licet ac ra&shy;

<lb/>pidior celerrimo quocunque vento, &agrave; nohis non &longs;entiretur, &longs;ed &longs;um&shy;

<lb/>ma tum tranquilitas reputaretur, ni&longs;i alius motus accederet. </s><s>Quid 

<lb/>e&longs;t ver&ograve; decipi &longs;en&longs;um, ni&longs;i h&aelig;c e&longs;&longs;et deceptio<emph.end type="italics"/>? [<emph type="italics"/>Which I make to 

<lb/>&longs;peak to this &longs;en&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/>] The circumpo&longs;ed air is moved with the Earth, 

<lb/>yet its motion, although more &longs;peedy and rapid than the &longs;wifte&longs;t 

<lb/>wind what&longs;oever, would not be perceived by us, but then would 

<lb/>be thought a great tranquillity, unle&longs;&longs;e &longs;ome other motion &longs;hould 

<lb/>happen; what then is the deception of the &longs;en&longs;e, if this be 

<lb/>not?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg439"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The annual mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the Earth 

<lb/>mu&longs;t cau&longs;e a per&shy;

<lb/>petual and &longs;trong 

<lb/>winde.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It mu&longs;t needs be that this Philo&longs;opher thinketh, that 

<lb/>that Earth which <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> maketh to turn round, together with 

<lb/>the ambient air along the circumference of the great Orb, is not that 

<lb/>whereon we inhabit, but &longs;ome other &longs;eparated from this; for that this 

<lb/>of ours carrieth us al&longs;o along with it with the &longs;ame velocity, as al&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg440"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;o the circumjacent air: And what beating of the air can we feel, 

<lb/>when we fly with equal &longs;peed from that which &longs;hould acco&longs;t us? 

<lb/></s><s>This Gentleman forgot, that we no le&longs;s than the Earth and air are 

<lb/>carried about, and that con&longs;equently we are always touch'd by 

<lb/>one and the &longs;ame part of the air, which yet doth not make us feel 

<lb/>it.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg440"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The air alwayes 

<lb/>touching us with 

<lb/>the &longs;ame part of it 

<lb/>cannot make us 

<lb/>feel it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But I rather think that he did not &longs;o think; hear the 

<lb/>words which immediately follow. <emph type="italics"/>Pr&aelig;terea nos quoque rotamur 

<lb/>ex circumductione terr&aelig; &amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now I can no longer help nor excu&longs;e him; do you 

<lb/>plead for him and bring him off, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I cannot thus upon the &longs;udden think of an excu&longs;e that 

<lb/>plea&longs;eth me.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Go to; take this whole night to think on it, and de&shy;

<lb/>fend him to morrow; in the mean time let us hear &longs;ome other of 

<lb/>his objections.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>He pro&longs;ecuteth the &longs;ame Objection, &longs;hewing, that in the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg441"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>way of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> a man mu&longs;t deny his own &longs;en&longs;es. </s><s>For that 

<lb/>this principle whereby we turn round with the Earth, either is 

<lb/>intrin&longs;ick to us, or external; that is, a rapture of that Earth; and 

<lb/>if it be this &longs;econd, we not feeling any &longs;uch rapture, it mu&longs;t be 

<lb/>confe&longs;&longs;ed that the &longs;en&longs;e of feeling, doth not feel its own object 

<lb/>touching it, nor its impre&longs;&longs;ion on the &longs;en&longs;ible part: but if the prin&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/237.jpg" pagenum="229"/>ciple be intrin&longs;ecal, we &longs;hall not perceive a local motion that is de&shy;

<lb/>rived from our &longs;elves, and we &longs;hall never di&longs;cover a propen&longs;ion per&shy;

<lb/>petually annexed to our &longs;elves.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg441"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>He that will fol&shy;

<lb/>low<emph.end type="italics"/> Copernicus, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>must deny his &longs;er&shy;

<lb/>&longs;es.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that the in&longs;tance of this Philo&longs;opher lays its &longs;tre&longs;s up&shy;

<lb/>on this, that whether the principle by which we move round with 

<lb/>the Earth be either extern, or intern, yet however we mu&longs;t per&shy;

<lb/>ceive it, and not perceiving it, it is neither the one nor the other, 

<lb/>and therefore we move not, nor con&longs;equently the Earth. </s><s>Now I 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg442"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;ay, that it may be both ways, and yet we not perceive the &longs;ame. 

<lb/></s><s>And that it may be external, the experiment of the boat &longs;upera&shy;

<lb/>bundantly &longs;atis&longs;ieth me; I &longs;ay, &longs;uperabundantly, becau&longs;e it being 

<lb/>in our power at all times to make it move, and al&longs;o to make it 

<lb/>&longs;tand &longs;till, and with great exactne&longs;s to make ob&longs;ervation, whether 

<lb/>by &longs;ome diver&longs;ity that may be comprehended by the &longs;en&longs;e of feel&shy;

<lb/>ing, we can come to know whether it moveth or no, &longs;eeing that 

<lb/>as yet no &longs;uch &longs;cience is obtained: Will it then be any matter of 

<lb/>wonder, if the &longs;ame accident is unknown to us on the Earth, the 

<lb/>which may have carried us about perpetually, and we, without our 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg443"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>being ever able to experiment its re&longs;t? </s><s>You, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> as I be&shy;

<lb/>lieve, have gone by boat many times to <emph type="italics"/>Padoua,<emph.end type="italics"/> and if you will 

<lb/>confe&longs;s the truth, you never felt in your &longs;elf the participation of 

<lb/>that motion, unle&longs;s when the boat running a-ground, or encoun&shy;

<lb/>tring &longs;ome ob&longs;tacle, did &longs;top, and that you with the other Pa&longs;&longs;en&shy;

<lb/>gers being taken on a &longs;udden, were with danger over-&longs;et. </s><s>It 

<lb/>would be nece&longs;&longs;ary that the Terre&longs;trial Globe &longs;hould meet with 

<lb/>&longs;ome rub that might arre&longs;t it, for I a&longs;&longs;ure you, that then you 

<lb/>would di&longs;cern the impul&longs;e re&longs;iding in you, when it &longs;hould to&longs;s you 

<lb/>up towards the Stars. </s><s>It's true, that by the other &longs;en&longs;es, but yet 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg444"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;i&longs;ted by Rea&longs;on, you may perceive the motion of the boat, that 

<lb/>is, with the &longs;ight, in that you &longs;ee the trees and buildings placed on 

<lb/>the &longs;hoar, which being &longs;eparated from the boat, &longs;eem to move the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg445"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>contrary way. </s><s>But if you would by &longs;uch an experiment receive 

<lb/>intire &longs;atisfaction in this bu&longs;ine&longs;s of the Terre&longs;trial motion, look 

<lb/>on the &longs;tars, which upon this rea&longs;on &longs;eem to move the contrary 

<lb/>way. </s><s>As to the wondering that we &longs;hould not feel &longs;uch a prin&shy;

<lb/>ciple, &longs;uppo&longs;ing it to be internal, is a le&longs;s rea&longs;onable conceit; for 

<lb/>if we do not feel &longs;uch a one, that cometh to us from without, 

<lb/>and that frequently goeth away, with what rea&longs;on can we expect 

<lb/>to feel it, if it immutably and continually re&longs;ides in us? </s><s>Now let 

<lb/>us &longs;ee what you have farther to allege on this argument.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg442"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Our motion may 

<lb/>be either interne or 

<lb/>externe, and yet 

<lb/>we never perceive 

<lb/>or feel it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg443"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motion of a 

<lb/>Boat in&longs;en&longs;ible to 

<lb/>tho&longs;e that are with 

<lb/>in it, as to the &longs;en&longs;e 

<lb/>of feeling.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg444"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The boats moti&shy;

<lb/>on is perceptible to 

<lb/>the &longs;ight joyn'd 

<lb/>with rea&longs;on.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg445"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>motion collected 

<lb/>from the &longs;tars.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Take this &longs;hort exclamation. <emph type="italics"/>Ex hac itaque opinione 

<lb/>nece&longs;&longs;e est diffidere no&longs;tris &longs;en&longs;ibus, ut penit&ugrave;s fall acibus vel &longs;tupidis 

<lb/>in &longs;en&longs;ilibus, etiam conjuncti&longs;&longs;imis, dijudicandis. </s><s>Quam erg&ograve; ve&shy;

<lb/>ritatem &longs;perare po&longs;&longs;umus &agrave; facultate ade&ograve; fallaci ortum trabentem<emph.end type="italics"/>? 

<lb/>[Which I render thus:] From this opinion likewi&longs;e, we mu&longs;t of 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/238.jpg" pagenum="230"/>nece&longs;&longs;ity &longs;u&longs;pect our own &longs;en&longs;es, as wholly fallible, or &longs;tupid in 

<lb/>judging of &longs;en&longs;ible things even very near at hand. </s><s>What truth 

<lb/>therefore can we hope for, to be derived from &longs;o deceiveable a fa&shy;

<lb/>culty?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But I de&longs;ire not to deduce precepts more profitable, or 

<lb/>more certain, learning to be more circum&longs;pect and le&longs;s confident 

<lb/>about that which at fir&longs;t blu&longs;h is repre&longs;ented to us by the &longs;en&longs;es, 

<lb/>which may ea&longs;ily deceive us. </s><s>And I would not have this Author 

<lb/>trouble him&longs;elf in attemptiug to make us comprehend by &longs;en&longs;e, 

<lb/>that this motion of de&longs;cending Graves is &longs;imply right, and of 

<lb/>no other kind; nor let him exclaim that a thing &longs;o clear, manife&longs;t, 

<lb/>and obvious &longs;hould be brought in que&longs;tion; for in &longs;o doing, he 

<lb/>maketh others believe, that he thinketh tho&longs;e that deny that mo&shy;

<lb/>tion to be ab&longs;olutely &longs;treight, but rather circular, the &longs;tone did 

<lb/>&longs;en&longs;ibly &longs;ee it to move in an arch, &longs;eeing that he inviteth their &longs;en&longs;es 

<lb/>more than their Rea&longs;on, to judg of that effect: which is not true, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> for like as I, that am indifferent in all the&longs;e opini&shy;

<lb/>ons, and onely in the manner of a Comedian, per&longs;onate <emph type="italics"/>Coperni&shy;

<lb/>cus<emph.end type="italics"/> in the&longs;e our repre&longs;entations, have never &longs;een, nor thought 

<lb/>that I have &longs;een that &longs;tone fall otherwi&longs;e than perpendicularly, 

<lb/>&longs;o I believe, that to the eyes of all others it &longs;eemed to do the 

<lb/>&longs;ame. </s><s>Better it is therefore, that depo&longs;ing that appearance in 

<lb/>which all agree, we make u&longs;e of our Rea&longs;on, either to confirm the 

<lb/>reality of that, or to di&longs;cover its fallacy.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If I could any time meet with this Philo&longs;opher, who 

<lb/>yet me thinks is more &longs;ublime than the re&longs;t of the followers of 

<lb/>the &longs;ame doctrines, I would in token of my affection put him in 

<lb/>mind of an accident which he hath doubtle&longs;s very often beheld; 

<lb/>from which, with great conformity to that which we now di&longs;cour&longs;e 

<lb/>of, it may be collected how ea&longs;ily one may be deceived by the bare 

<lb/>appearance, or, if you will, repre&longs;entation of the &longs;en&longs;e. </s><s>And the 

<lb/>accident is, the Moons &longs;eeming to follow tho&longs;e that walk the &longs;treets 

<lb/>in the night, with a pace equal to theirs, whil&longs;t they &longs;ee it go gli&shy;

<lb/>ding along the Roofs of hou&longs;es, upon which it &longs;heweth ju&longs;t like a 

<lb/>cat, that really running along the ridges of hou&longs;es, leaveth them 

<lb/>behind. </s><s>An appearance that, did not rea&longs;on interpo&longs;e, would but 

<lb/>too manife&longs;tly delude the &longs;ight.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Indeed there want not experiments that render us cer&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg446"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tain of the fallacy of the meer &longs;en&longs;es; therefore &longs;u&longs;pending &longs;uch 

<lb/>&longs;en&longs;ations for the pre&longs;ent, let us hear the Arguments that follow 

<lb/>which are taken, as he &longs;aith, <emph type="italics"/>ex rerum natur&acirc;.<emph.end type="italics"/> The fir&longs;t of which 

<lb/>is, that the Earth cannot of its own nature move with three moti&shy;

<lb/>ons very different; or otherwi&longs;e we mu&longs;t deny many manife&longs;t 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg447"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Axioms. </s><s>The fir&longs;t whereof is, that <emph type="italics"/>Omn&iuml;s effectus dependeat ab 

<lb/>aliqu&acirc; cau&longs;&acirc;; [i. </s><s>e.]<emph.end type="italics"/> that every effect dependeth on &longs;ome cau&longs;e. 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/239.jpg" pagenum="231"/>The &longs;econd, that <emph type="italics"/>Nulla res &longs;eip&longs;am producat; [i. </s><s>e.]<emph.end type="italics"/> that nothing 

<lb/>produceth it &longs;elf: from whence it follows, that it is not po&longs;&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>ble that the mover and moved &longs;hould be totally the &longs;ame thing: 

<lb/>And this is manife&longs;t, not onely in things that are moved by an ex&shy;

<lb/>trin&longs;ick mover; but it is gathered al&longs;o from the principles pro&shy;

<lb/>pounded, that the &longs;ame holdeth true in the natural motion depen&shy;

<lb/>dent on an intrin&longs;ick principle; otherwi&longs;e, being that the mover, 

<lb/>as a mover, is the cau&longs;e, and the thing moved, as moved, is the 

<lb/>effect, the &longs;ame thing would totally be both the cau&longs;e and effect. 

<lb/></s><s>Therefore a body doth not move its whole &longs;elf, that is, &longs;o as 

<lb/>that all moveth, and all is moved; but its nece&longs;&longs;ary in the thing 

<lb/>moved to di&longs;tingui&longs;h in &longs;ome manner the efficient principle of the 

<lb/>motion, and that which with that motion is moved. </s><s>The third 

<lb/>Axiom is, that <emph type="italics"/>in rebus qu&aelig; &longs;en&longs;ui &longs;ubjiciuntur, unum, quatenus 

<lb/>unum, unam &longs;olam rem producat; i. </s><s>e.<emph.end type="italics"/> That in things &longs;ubject to 

<lb/>the &longs;en&longs;es, one, as it is one, produceth but onely one thing: That 

<lb/>is, the &longs;oul in animals produceth its true divers operations, as the 

<lb/>&longs;ight, the hearing, the &longs;mell, generation, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> but all the&longs;e with 

<lb/>&longs;everal in&longs;truments. </s><s>And in &longs;hort, in things &longs;en&longs;ible, the diver&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>ty of operations, is ob&longs;erved to derive it &longs;elf from the diver&longs;ity 

<lb/>that is in the cau&longs;e. </s><s>Now if we put all the&longs;e Axioms together, it 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg448"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>will be a thing very manife&longs;t, that one &longs;imple body, as is the 

<lb/>Earth, cannot of its own nature move at the &longs;ame time with 

<lb/>three motions, very divers: For by the foregoing &longs;uppo&longs;itions, 

<lb/>all moveth not its &longs;elf all; it is nece&longs;fary therefore to di&longs;tingui&longs;h 

<lb/>in it three principles of its three motions; otherwi&longs;e one and the 

<lb/>&longs;ame principle would produce many motions; but if it contein in 

<lb/>it three principles of natural motions, be&longs;ides the part moved, it 

<lb/>&longs;hall not be a &longs;imple body, but compounded of three principle 

<lb/>movers, and of the part moved. </s><s>If therefore the Earth be a &longs;im&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg449"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ple body, it &longs;hall not move with three motions; nay more, it will 

<lb/>not move with any of tho&longs;e which <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> a&longs;cribeth to it, it 

<lb/>being to move but with one alone, for that it is manife&longs;t, by the 

<lb/>rea&longs;ons of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> that it moveth to its centre, as its parts do 

<lb/>&longs;hew, which de&longs;cend at right angles to the Earths Spherical 

<lb/>Surface.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg446"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Arguments a&shy;

<lb/>gain&longs;t the Earths 

<lb/>motion taken,<emph.end type="italics"/> ex 

<lb/>rerum natura.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg447"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Three Axioms 

<lb/>that are &longs;uppo&longs;ed 

<lb/>manife&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg448"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A &longs;imple body 

<lb/>as the Earth, can&shy;

<lb/>not move with 

<lb/>three &longs;everal moti&shy;

<lb/>ons.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg449"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earth can&shy;

<lb/>not move with any 

<lb/>of the motions a&longs;&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>gned it by<emph.end type="italics"/> Coperni&shy;

<lb/>cus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Many things might be &longs;aid, and con&longs;idered touching 

<lb/>the connection of this argument; but in regard that we can re&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg450"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;olve it in few words, I will not at this time without need inlarge 

<lb/>upon it; and &longs;o much the rather, becau&longs;e the &longs;ame Author hath 

<lb/>furni&longs;hed me with an an&longs;wer, when he &longs;aith that from one &longs;ole prin&shy;

<lb/>ple in animals, there are produced divers operations; &longs;o that for 

<lb/>the pre&longs;ent my an&longs;wer &longs;hall be, that in the &longs;ame manner the Earth 

<lb/>from one onely principle deriveth &longs;everal operations.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg450"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An&longs;wers to the 

<lb/>arguments contra&shy;

<lb/>ry to the Earths 

<lb/>motion, taken<emph.end type="italics"/> ex 

<lb/>rerum natura.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But this an&longs;wer will not at all &longs;atisfie the Author who 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/240.jpg" pagenum="232"/>makes the objection, yea, it is totally overthrown by that which 

<lb/>immediately after he addeth for a greater confirmation of his argu&shy;

<lb/>ment, as you &longs;hall hear. </s><s>He re-inforceth his argument, I &longs;ay, with 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg451"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>another Axiome, which is this; That <emph type="italics"/>natura in rebus nece&longs;&longs;ari is 

<lb/>nec deficiat, nec abundat: i.e.<emph.end type="italics"/> That nature in things nece&longs;&longs;ary is 

<lb/>neither defective, nor &longs;uperfluous. </s><s>This is obvious to the ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg452"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>vers of natural things, and chiefly of animals, in which, becau&longs;e 

<lb/>they are to move with many motions, Nature hath made many 

<lb/>flexures, and hath thereunto commodiou&longs;ly knitted the parts for 

<lb/>motion, as to the knees, to the hips, for the inabling of living 

<lb/>creatures to go, and run at their plea&longs;ure. </s><s>Moreover in man he 

<lb/>hath framed many flexions, and joynts, in the elbow, and hand, to 

<lb/>enable them to perform many motions. </s><s>From the&longs;e things the ar&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg453"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>gument is taken again&longs;t the threefold motion of the Earth. [<emph type="italics"/>Ei&shy;

<lb/>ther the Body, that is one, and continuate, without any manner of 

<lb/>knittings or flexions, can exerci&longs;e divers motions, or cannot: If it 

<lb/>can without them, then in vain hath nature framed the flexures in 

<lb/>animals; which is contrary to the Axiome: but if it cannot with&shy;

<lb/>out them, then the Earth, one body, and continuate, and deprived of 

<lb/>flexures, and joynts, cannot of its own nature move with plurali&shy;

<lb/>ty of motions.<emph.end type="italics"/>] You &longs;ee now how craftily he falls upon your an&shy;

<lb/>&longs;wer, as if he had fore&longs;een it.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg451"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A fourth Ax&shy;

<lb/>iome again&longs;t the 

<lb/>motion of the Earth<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg452"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Flexures nece&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ary in animals for 

<lb/>the diver&longs;ity of 

<lb/>their motions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg453"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Another argu&shy;

<lb/>ment again&longs;t the 

<lb/>three fold motion of 

<lb/>the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Are you &longs;erious, or do you je&longs;t?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I &longs;peak it with the be&longs;t judgment I have.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You mu&longs;t therefore &longs;ee that you have as fortunate an 

<lb/>hand in defending the reply of this Philo&longs;opher, again&longs;t &longs;ome o&shy;

<lb/>ther rejoynders made to him; therefore an&longs;wer for him, I pray 

<lb/>you, &longs;eeing we cannot have him here. </s><s>You fir&longs;t admit it for true, 

<lb/>that Nature hath made the joynts, flexures, and knuckles of li&shy;

<lb/>ving creatures, to the intent that they might move with &longs;nndry 

<lb/>and divers motions; and I deny this propo&longs;ition; and &longs;ay, that 

<lb/>the&longs;e flexions are made, that the animal may move one, or more 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg454"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of its parts, the re&longs;t remaining immoved: and I &longs;ay, that as to the 

<lb/>&longs;pecies and differences of motions tho&longs;e are of one kind alone, to 

<lb/>wit, all circular, and for this cau&longs;e you &longs;ee all the ends of the mo&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg455"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>veable bones to be convex or concave, and of the&longs;e &longs;ome are &longs;phe&shy;

<lb/>rical, as are tho&longs;e that are to move every way, as in the &longs;houlder&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg456"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>joynt, the arme of the En&longs;igne doth, in di&longs;playing the Colours, 

<lb/>and that of the Falconer in bringing his Hawk to the lure; and 

<lb/>&longs;uch is the flexure of the elbow, upon which the hand turns round, 

<lb/>in boring with an augure: others are circular onely one way, and 

<lb/>as it were cylindrical, which &longs;erve for the members that bend one&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg457"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ly in one fa&longs;hion, as the joynts of the fingers one above another, 

<lb/>&amp;c. </s><s>But without more particular inductions, one only general di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cour&longs;e may make this truth under&longs;tood; and this is, that of a &longs;olid 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/241.jpg" pagenum="233"/>body that moveth, one of its extreams &longs;tanding &longs;till without chan&shy;

<lb/>ching place, the motion mu&longs;t needs be circular, and no other: and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg458"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>becau&longs;e in the living creatures moving, one of its members doth 

<lb/>not &longs;eparate from the other its conterminal, therefore that motion 

<lb/>is of nece&longs;&longs;ity circular.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg454"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Flexures in 

<lb/>animals are not 

<lb/>made for the di&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;ity of motions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg455"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motions of 

<lb/>animals are of one 

<lb/>&longs;ort.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg456"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The ends of the 

<lb/>bones are all ro&shy;

<lb/>tund.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg457"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is demon&longs;tra&shy;

<lb/>ted, that the ends 

<lb/>of the bones are of 

<lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ity to be ro&shy;

<lb/>tund.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg458"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motions of 

<lb/>animals are all 

<lb/>circular.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>How can this be? </s><s>For I &longs;ee the animal move with an 

<lb/>hundred motions that are not circular, and very different from one 

<lb/>another, as to run, to skip, to climbe, to de&longs;cend, to &longs;wim, and 

<lb/>many others.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg459"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg459"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Secondary moti&shy;

<lb/>ons of animals de&shy;

<lb/>pendent on the fir&longs;t<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Tis well: but the&longs;e are &longs;econdary motions, depending 

<lb/>on the preceding motions of the joynts and flexures. </s><s>Upon the 

<lb/>plying of the legs to the knees, and the thighs to the hips, which 

<lb/>are circular motions of the parts, is produced, as con&longs;equents, the 

<lb/>skip, or running, which are motions of the whole body, and the&longs;e 

<lb/>may po&longs;&longs;ibly not be circular. </s><s>Now becau&longs;e one part of the ter&shy;</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg460"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>re&longs;trial Globe is not required to move upon another part immove&shy;

<lb/>able, but that the motion is to be of the whole body, there is no 

<lb/>need in it of flexures.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg460"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> Terre&longs;triall 

<lb/>Globe <emph type="italics"/>hath noe 

<lb/>need of flexures.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This (will the aduer&longs;ary rejoyn) might be, if the moti&shy;

<lb/>on were but one alone, but they being three, and tho&longs;e very dif&shy;

<lb/>ferent from each other, it is not po&longs;&longs;ible that they &longs;hould concur in 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg461"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>an ^{*} articulate body.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg461"></margin.target>* Without joynts</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I verily believe that this would be the an&longs;wer of the 

<lb/>Philo&longs;opher. </s><s>Again&longs;t which I make oppo&longs;ition another way; and 

<lb/>ask you, whether you think that by way of joynts and flexures one 

<lb/>may adapt the terre&longs;trial Globe to the participation of three diffe&shy;

<lb/>rent circular motions? </s><s>Do you not an&longs;wer me? </s><s>Seeing you are 

<lb/>&longs;peechle&longs;&longs;e, I will undertake to an&longs;wer for the Philo&longs;opher, who 

<lb/>would ab&longs;olutely reply that they might; for that otherwi&longs;e it 

<lb/>would have been &longs;uperfluous, and be&longs;ides the purpo&longs;e to have pro&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ed to con&longs;ideration, that nature maketh the flexions, to the 

<lb/>end, the moveable may move with different motions; and that 

<lb/>therefore the terre&longs;trial Globe having no flexures, it cannot have 

<lb/>tho&longs;e three motions which are a&longs;cribed to it. </s><s>For if he had 

<lb/>thought, that neither by help of flexures, it could be rendered apt 

<lb/>for &longs;uch motions, he would have freely affirmed, that the Globe 

<lb/>could not move with three motions. </s><s>Now granting this, I intreat 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg462"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>you, and by you, if it were po&longs;&longs;ible, that Philo&longs;opher, Au&shy;

<lb/>thor of the Argument, to be &longs;o courteous as to teach me in what 

<lb/>manner tho&longs;e flexures &longs;hould be accommodated, &longs;o that tho&longs;e 

<lb/>three motions might commodiou&longs;ly be excerci&longs;ed; and I grant you 

<lb/>four or &longs;ix moneths time to think of an an&longs;wer. </s><s>As to me, it &longs;eem&shy;

<lb/>eth that one principle onely may cau&longs;e a plurality of motions in 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg463"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the Terre&longs;trial Globe, ju&longs;t in the &longs;ame manner that, as I told you 

<lb/>before, one onely principle with the help of various in&longs;truments 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/242.jpg" pagenum="234"/>produceth &longs;undry and divers motions in living creatures. </s><s>And as 

<lb/>to the flexures there is no need of them, the motions being of the 

<lb/>whole, and not of &longs;ome particular parts; and becau&longs;e they are 

<lb/>to be circular, the meer &longs;pherical figure is the mo&longs;t perfect articu&shy;

<lb/>lation or flection that can be de&longs;ired.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg462"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is de&longs;ired to 

<lb/>know, by means of 

<lb/>what flexures and 

<lb/>joynts the<emph.end type="italics"/> Terre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trial Globe <emph type="italics"/>might 

<lb/>move with three 

<lb/>diver&longs;e motions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg463"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>One only princi&shy;

<lb/>ple may cau&longs;e a 

<lb/>plurality of moti&shy;

<lb/>ons in the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The mo&longs;t that ought to be granted upon this, would be, 

<lb/>that it may hold true in one &longs;ingle motion, but in three different 

<lb/>motions, in my opinion, and that of the Author, it is impo&longs;&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>ble; as he going on, pro&longs;ecuting the objection, writes in the fol&shy;

<lb/>lowing words. <emph type="italics"/>Let us &longs;uppo&longs;e, with<emph.end type="italics"/> Copernicus, <emph type="italics"/>that the Earth 

<lb/>moveth of its own faculty, and upon an intrin&longs;ick principle from 

<lb/>We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t in the plane of the Ecliptick; and again, that it al&longs;o 

<lb/>by an intrin&longs;ick principle revolveth about its centre, from Ea&longs;t to 

<lb/>We&longs;t; and for a third motion, that it of its own inclination defle&shy;

<lb/>cteth from North to South, and &longs;o back again.<emph.end type="italics"/> It being a conti&shy;

<lb/>nuate body, and not knit together with joints and flections, our 

<lb/>fancy and our judgment will never be able to comprehend, that 

<lb/>one and the &longs;ame natural and indi&longs;tinct principle, that is, that 

<lb/>one and the &longs;ame propen&longs;ion, &longs;hould actuate it at the &longs;ame in&longs;tant 

<lb/>with different, and as it were of contrary motions. </s><s>I cannot be&shy;

<lb/>lieve that any one would &longs;ay &longs;uch a thing, unle&longs;&longs;e he had under&shy;

<lb/>took to maintain this po&longs;ition right or wrong.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Stay a little; and find me out this place in the Book. 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Fingamus modo cum Copernico terram aliqua &longs;u&acirc; vi, &amp; ab indito 

<lb/>principio impelli ab Occa&longs;u ad Ortum in Ecliptic&aelig; plano; tum rur&shy;

<lb/>&longs;us revolvi ab indito etiam principio, circa &longs;uimet centrum, ab<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg464"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ortu in Occa&longs;um; tertio de&longs;lecti rur&longs;us &longs;u opte nutu &agrave; &longs;eptentrio&shy;

<lb/>ne in Au&longs;trum, &amp; vici&longs;&longs;im.<emph.end type="italics"/> I had thought, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> that 

<lb/>that you might have erred in reciting the words of the Au&shy;

<lb/>thor, but now I &longs;ee that he, and that very gro&longs;&longs;ely, decei&shy;

<lb/>veth him&longs;elf; and to my grief, I find that he hath &longs;et him&longs;elf to 

<lb/>oppo&longs;e a po&longs;ition, which he hath not well under&longs;tood; for the&longs;e 

<lb/>are not the motions which <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> a&longs;&longs;ignes to the Earth. 

<lb/></s><s>Where doth he find that <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> maketh the annual motion 

<lb/>by the Ecliptick contrary to the motion about its own centre? </s><s>It 

<lb/>mu&longs;t needs be that he never read his Book, which in an hundred 

<lb/>places, and in the very fir&longs;t Chapters affirmeth tho&longs;e motions to 

<lb/>be both towards the &longs;ame parts, that is from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t. 

<lb/></s><s>But without others telling him, ought he not of him&longs;elf to com&shy;

<lb/>prehend, that attributing to the Earth the motions that are ta 

<lb/>ken, one of them from the Sun, and the other from the <emph type="italics"/>pri&shy;

<lb/>mum wobile,<emph.end type="italics"/> they mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity both move one and the &longs;ame 

<lb/>way.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg465"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg464"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A gro&longs;&longs;e error 

<lb/>of the oppo&longs;er of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Copernicus.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg465"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A &longs;ubtil and 

<lb/>withal &longs;imple ar&shy;

<lb/>gument again&longs;t<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Copernicus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Take heed that you do not erre your &longs;elf, and <emph type="italics"/>Coperni&shy;

<lb/>cus<emph.end type="italics"/> al&longs;o. </s><s>The Diurnal motion of the <emph type="italics"/>primum mobile,<emph.end type="italics"/> is it not from 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/243.jpg" pagenum="235"/>Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t? </s><s>And the annual motion of the Sun through the 

<lb/>Ecliptick, is it not on the contrary from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t? </s><s>How 

<lb/>then can you make the&longs;e motions being conferred on the Earth, of 

<lb/>contraries to become con&longs;i&longs;tents?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Certainly, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> hath di&longs;covered to us the original 

<lb/>cau&longs;e of error of this Philo&longs;opher; and in all probability he 

<lb/>would have &longs;aid the very &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now if it be in our power, let us at lea&longs;t recover 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> from this errour, who &longs;eeing the Stars in their ri&longs;ing 

<lb/>to appear above the Oriental Horizon, will make it no difficult 

<lb/>thing to under&longs;tand, that in ca&longs;e that motion &longs;hould not belong </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg466"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>to the Stars, it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary to confe&longs;&longs;e, that the Horizon, 

<lb/>with a contrary motion would go down; and that con&longs;equently 

<lb/>the Earth would reoolve in it &longs;elf a contrary way to that where&shy;

<lb/>with the Stars &longs;eem to move, that is from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t, which 

<lb/>is according to the order of the Signes of the Zodiack. </s><s>As, in the 

<lb/>next place, to the other motion, the Sun being fixed in the cen&shy;

<lb/>tre of the Zodiack, and the Earth moveable about its circumfe&shy;

<lb/>rence, to make the Sun &longs;eem unto us to move about the &longs;aid Zo&shy;

<lb/>diack, according to the order of the Signes, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that 

<lb/>the E arth move according to the &longs;ame order, to the end that the 

<lb/>Sun may &longs;eem to us to po&longs;&longs;e&longs;&longs;e alwayes that degree in the Zodiack, 

<lb/>that is oppo&longs;ite to the degree in which we find the Earth; and thus 

<lb/>the Earth running, <emph type="italics"/>verbi gratia,<emph.end type="italics"/> through <emph type="italics"/>Aries,<emph.end type="italics"/> the Sun will 

<lb/>appear to run thorow <emph type="italics"/>Libra<emph.end type="italics"/>; and the Earth pa&longs;&longs;ing thorow the 

<lb/>&longs;igne <emph type="italics"/>Taurus,<emph.end type="italics"/> the Sun will pa&longs;&longs;e thorow <emph type="italics"/>Scorpio,<emph.end type="italics"/> and &longs;o the 

<lb/>Earth going thorow <emph type="italics"/>Gemini,<emph.end type="italics"/> the Sun &longs;eemeth to go thorow <emph type="italics"/>Sa&shy;

<lb/>gittarius<emph.end type="italics"/>; but this is moving both the &longs;ame way, that is accord&shy;

<lb/>ing to the order of the &longs;ignes; as al&longs;o was the revolution of the 

<lb/>Earth about its own centre.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg466"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The error of the 

<lb/>Antagoni&longs;t is ma&shy;

<lb/>nife&longs;t, by decla&shy;

<lb/>ring that the an&shy;

<lb/>nual and diurnal 

<lb/>motions belonging 

<lb/>to the Earth are 

<lb/>both one way, and 

<lb/>not contrary.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I under&longs;tand you very well, and know not what to al&shy;

<lb/>ledge in excu&longs;e of &longs;o gro&longs;&longs;e an error.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And yet, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> there is one yet wor&longs;e then this; and 

<lb/>it is, that he makes the Earth move by the diurnal motion about 

<lb/>its own centre from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t; and perceives not that if this 

<lb/>were &longs;o, the motion of twenty four hours appropriated by him 

<lb/>to the Univer&longs;e, would, in our &longs;eeming, proceed from We&longs;t to 

<lb/>Ea&longs;t; the quite contrary to that which we behold.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Oh &longs;trange! Why I, that have &longs;carce &longs;een the fir&longs;t 

<lb/>elements of the Sphere, would not, I am confident, have erred 

<lb/>&longs;o horribly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Judg now what pains this Antagoni&longs;t may be thought 

<lb/>to have taken in the Books of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> if he ab&longs;olutely invert 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg467"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the &longs;en&longs;e of this grand and principal Hypothe&longs;is, upon which is 

<lb/>founded the whole &longs;umme of tho&longs;e things wherein <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/244.jpg" pagenum="236"/>di&longs;&longs;enteth from the doctrine of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy.<emph.end type="italics"/> As again, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg468"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>to this third motion, which the Author a&longs;&longs;ignes to the Terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe, as the judgment of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> I know not which he would 

<lb/>mean thereby: it is not that que&longs;tionle&longs;&longs;e, which <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> a&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cribes unto it conjunctly with the other two, annual and diurnal, 

<lb/>which hath nothing to do with declining towards the South and 

<lb/>North; but onely &longs;erveth to keep the axis of the diurnal revoluti&shy;

<lb/>on continually parallel to it &longs;elf; &longs;o that it mu&longs;t be confe&longs;t, that 

<lb/>either the Authour did not under&longs;tand this, or that el&longs;e he di&longs;&longs;em&shy;

<lb/>bled it. </s><s>But although this great mi&longs;take &longs;ufficeth to free us from 

<lb/>any obligation of a farther enquiry into his objections; yet ne&shy;

<lb/>verthele&longs;&longs;e I &longs;hall have them in e&longs;teem; as indeed they de&longs;erve to 

<lb/>be valued much before the many others of impertinent Antago&shy;

<lb/>ni&longs;ts. </s><s>Returning therefore to his objection, I &longs;ay, that the two 

<lb/>motions, annual and diurnal, are not in the lea&longs;t contrary, nay are 

<lb/>towards the &longs;ame way, and therefore may depend on one and the 

<lb/>&longs;ame principle. </s><s>The third is of it &longs;elf, and voluntarily &longs;o con&longs;equen&shy;

<lb/>tial to the annual, that we need not trouble our &longs;elves (as I &longs;hall 

<lb/>&longs;hew in its place) to &longs;tudy for principles either internal or external, 

<lb/>from which, as from its cau&longs;e, to make it produced.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg467"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>By another gro&longs;s

<lb/>error it is &longs;een that 

<lb/>the Antagoni&longs;t had 

<lb/>but little &longs;tudied<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Copernicus.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg468"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is que&longs;tioned, 

<lb/>whether the oppo&shy;

<lb/>nent under&longs;tood 

<lb/>the third motion 

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;igned to the 

<lb/>Earth by<emph.end type="italics"/> Coperni&shy;

<lb/>cus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I &longs;hall al&longs;o, as being induced thereto by natural rea&longs;on, 

<lb/>&longs;ay &longs;omething to this Antagoni&longs;t. </s><s>He will condemn <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>unle&longs;&longs;e I be able to an&longs;wer him to all objections, and to &longs;atisfie 

<lb/>him in all que&longs;tions he &longs;hall ask; as if my ignorance were a nece&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ary argument of the fal&longs;hood of his Doctrine. </s><s>But if this way of 

<lb/>condemning Writers be in his judgment legal, he ought not to 

<lb/>think it unrea&longs;onable, if I &longs;hould not approve of <emph type="italics"/>Ar&icirc;&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Pto&shy;

<lb/>lomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> when he cannot re&longs;olve, better than my &longs;elf, tho&longs;e doubts 

<lb/>which I propound to him, touching their Doctrine. </s><s>He asketh me, 

<lb/>what are the principles by which the Terre&longs;trial Globe is moved 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg469"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>with the Annual motion through the Zodiack, and with the Diur&shy;

<lb/>nal through the Equinoctial about its own axis. </s><s>I an&longs;wer, that 

<lb/>they are like to tho&longs;e by which <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> is moved about the Zodi&shy;

<lb/>ack in thirty years, and about its own centre in a much &longs;horter 

<lb/>time along the Equinoctial, as the collateral apparition and oc&shy;

<lb/>cultation of its Globes doth evince. </s><s>They are principles like to 

<lb/>tho&longs;e, whereby he &longs;crupleth not to grant, that the Sun runneth tho&shy;

<lb/>row the Ecliptick in a year, and revolveth about its own centre 

<lb/>parallel to the Equinoctial in le&longs;&longs;e than a moneth, as its &longs;pots doth 

<lb/>&longs;en&longs;ibly demon&longs;trate. </s><s>They are things like to tho&longs;e whereby the 

<lb/>Medicean Stars run through the Zodiack in twelve years, and 

<lb/>all the while revolve in &longs;mall circles, and &longs;hort periods of time a&shy;

<lb/>bout <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg469"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;ame argu&shy;

<lb/>ment an&longs;wered by 

<lb/>examples of the 

<lb/>like motions in o&shy;

<lb/>ther c&oelig;le&longs;tial bo&shy;

<lb/>dies.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This Author will deny all the&longs;e things, as delu&longs;ions of 

<lb/>the fight, cau&longs;ed by the cry&longs;tals of the <emph type="italics"/>Tele&longs;cope.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/245.jpg" pagenum="237"/><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But this would be to draw a further inconvenience up&shy;

<lb/>on him&longs;elf, in that he holdeth, that the bare eye cannot be decei&shy;

<lb/>ved in judging of the right motion of de&longs;cending graves, and yet 

<lb/>holds that it is deceived in beholding the&longs;e other motions at &longs;uch 

<lb/>time as its vi&longs;ive vertue is perfected, and augmented to thirty times 

<lb/>as much as it was before. </s><s>We tell him therefore, that the Earth in 

<lb/>like manner partaketh of the plurality of motions: and it is per&shy;

<lb/>haps the &longs;ame, whereby the Load&longs;tone hath its motion down&shy;

<lb/>wards, as grave, and two circular motions, one Horizontal, and the 

<lb/>other Vertical under the Meridian. </s><s>But what more; tell me, <emph type="italics"/>Sim&shy;

<lb/>plicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> between which do you think this Author would put a 

<lb/>greater difference, 'twixt right and circular motion, or 'twixt moti&shy;

<lb/>on and re&longs;t?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. 'Twixt motion and re&longs;t, certainly. </s><s>And this is mani&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg470"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>fe&longs;t, for that circular motion is not contrary to the right, according 

<lb/>to <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/>; nay, he granteth that they may mix with each o&shy;

<lb/>ther; which it is impo&longs;&longs;ible for motion and re&longs;t to do.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg470"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Motion and re&longs;t 

<lb/>are more different 

<lb/>than right motion 

<lb/>and circular.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Therefore its a propo&longs;ition le&longs;&longs;e improbable to place 

<lb/>in one natural body two internal principles, one to right motion, 

<lb/>and the other to circular, than two &longs;uch interne principles one to 

<lb/>motion, and the other to re&longs;t. </s><s>Now both the&longs;e po&longs;itions agree to 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg471"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the natural inclination that re&longs;ideth in the parts of the Earth to re&shy;

<lb/>turn to their whole, when by violence they are divided from it; 

<lb/>and they onely di&longs;&longs;ent in the operation of the whole: for the lat&shy;

<lb/>ter of them will have it by an interne principle to &longs;tand &longs;till, and 

<lb/>the former a&longs;cribeth to it the circular motion. </s><s>But by your con&shy;

<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ion, and the confe&longs;&longs;ion of this Philo&longs;opher, two principles, one 

<lb/>to motion, and the other to re&longs;t, are incompatible together, like as 

<lb/>their effects are incompatible: but now this evenes not in the two 

<lb/>motions, right, and circular, which have no repugnance to each 

<lb/>other.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg471"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>One may more 

<lb/>rationally a&longs;cribe 

<lb/>to the Earth two 

<lb/>internal principles 

<lb/>to the right, and 

<lb/>circular motion, 

<lb/>than two to motion 

<lb/>and re&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Adde this more, that in all probability it may be that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg472"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the motion, that the part of the Earth &longs;eparated doth make whil&longs;t 

<lb/>it returneth towards its whole, is al&longs;o circular, as hath been alrea&shy;

<lb/>dy declared; &longs;o that in all re&longs;pects, as far as concernes the pre&longs;ent 

<lb/>ca&longs;e, Mobility &longs;eemeth more likely than Re&longs;t. </s><s>Now proceed, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> to what remains.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg472"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motion of 

<lb/>the parts of the 

<lb/>Earth returning to 

<lb/>their whole may be 

<lb/>circular.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The Authour backs his Argument with producing ano&shy;

<lb/>ther ab&longs;urdity, that is, that the &longs;ame motions agree to Natures ex&shy;

<lb/>treamly different; but experience &longs;heweth, that the operations 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg473"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>and motions of different natures, are different; and Rea&longs;on con&shy;

<lb/>firmeth the &longs;ame: for otherwi&longs;e we &longs;hould have no way left to 

<lb/>know and di&longs;tingui&longs;h of natures, if they &longs;hould not have their 

<lb/>particular motions and operations, that might guide us to the 

<lb/>knowledge of their &longs;ub&longs;tances.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/246.jpg" pagenum="238"/><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg473"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The diver&longs;ity of 

<lb/>motions helpeth us 

<lb/>in knowing the di&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;ity of natures.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I have twice or thrice ob&longs;erved in the di&longs;cour&longs;es of this 

<lb/>Authour, that to prove that a thing is &longs;o, or &longs;o, he &longs;till alledgeth, 

<lb/>that in that manner it is conformable with our under&longs;tanding; or 

<lb/>that otherwi&longs;e we &longs;hould never be able to conceive of it; or that 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Criterium<emph.end type="italics"/> of Philo&longs;ophy would be overthrown. </s><s>As if that na&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg474"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ture had fir&longs;t made mens brains, and then di&longs;po&longs;ed all things in 

<lb/>conformity to the capacity of their intellects. </s><s>But I incline rather 

<lb/>to think that Nature fir&longs;t made the things them&longs;elves, as &longs;he be&longs;t 

<lb/>liked, and afterwards framed the rea&longs;on of men capable of con&shy;

<lb/>ceiving (though not without great pains) &longs;ome part of her &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>crets.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg474"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Nature fir&longs;t 

<lb/>made things as &longs;he 

<lb/>plea&longs;ed, and after&shy;

<lb/>wards capacitated 

<lb/>mens under&longs;tand&shy;

<lb/>ings for conceiving 

<lb/>of them.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am of the &longs;ame opinion. </s><s>But tell me, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>which are the&longs;e different natures, to which, contrary to expe&shy;

<lb/>rience and rea&longs;on, <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> a&longs;&longs;ignes the &longs;ame motions and ope&shy;

<lb/>rations.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>They are the&longs;e. </s><s>The Water, the Air, (which doubt&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e are Natures different from the Earth) and all things that 

<lb/>are in tho&longs;e elements compri&longs;ed, &longs;hall each of them have tho&longs;e 

<lb/>three motions, which <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> pretends to be in the Terre&longs;triall 

<lb/>Globe; and my Authour proceedeth to demon&longs;trate Geometri&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg475"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>cally, that, according to the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> Doctrine, a cloud that is 

<lb/>&longs;u&longs;pended in the Air, and that hangeth a long time over our 

<lb/>heads without changing place, mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity have all tho&longs;e three 

<lb/>motions that belong to the Terre&longs;trial Globe. </s><s>The demon&longs;tra&shy;

<lb/>tion is this, which you may read your &longs;elf, for I cannot repeat it 

<lb/>without book.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg475"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"/>er&shy;

<lb/>roneou&longs;ly a&longs;&longs;igneth 

<lb/>the &longs;ame operations 

<lb/>to different natures<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I &longs;hall not &longs;tand reading of it, nay I think it an imper&shy;

<lb/>tinency in him to have in&longs;erted it, for I am certain, that no 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> will deny the &longs;ame. </s><s>Therefore admitting him what he 

<lb/>would demon&longs;trate, let us &longs;peak to the objection, which in my 

<lb/>judgment hath no great &longs;trength to conclude any thing contrary 

<lb/>to the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican Hypothe&longs;is,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;eeing that it derogates nothing from 

<lb/>tho&longs;e motions, and tho&longs;e operations, whereby we come to the 

<lb/>knowledge of the natures, &amp;c. </s><s>An&longs;wer me, I pray you, <emph type="italics"/>Simplici&shy;

<lb/>us:<emph.end type="italics"/> Tho&longs;e accidents wherein &longs;ome things exactly concur, can 

<lb/>they &longs;erve to inform us of the different natures of tho&longs;e things?

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg476"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg476"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>From commune 

<lb/>accidents one can&shy;

<lb/>not know different 

<lb/>natures.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>No Sir: nay rather the contrary, for from the idendity 

<lb/>of operations and of accidents nothing can be inferred, but an 

<lb/>idendity of natures.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that the different natures of the Water, Earth, Air, 

<lb/>and other things conteined in the&longs;e Elements, is not by you argu&shy;

<lb/>ed from tho&longs;e operations, wherein all the&longs;e Elements and their af&shy;

<lb/>fixes agree, but from other operations; is it &longs;o?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The very &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that he who &longs;hould leave in the Elements all tho&longs;e 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/247.jpg" pagenum="239"/>motions, operations, and other accidents, by which their natures 

<lb/>are di&longs;tingui&longs;hed, would not deprive us of the power of coming 

<lb/>to the knowledge of them; although he &longs;hould remove tho&longs;e o&shy;

<lb/>perations, in which they unitedly concur, and which for that rea&longs;on 

<lb/>are of no u&longs;e for the di&longs;tingui&longs;hing of tho&longs;e natures.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think your di&longs;&longs;ertation to be very good.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But that the Earth, Water, Air, are of a nature equally 

<lb/>con&longs;tituted immoveable about the centre, is it not the opinion of 

<lb/>your &longs;elf, <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle, Prolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> and all their &longs;ectators?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Its on all hands granted as an undeniable truth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then from this common natural condition of quie&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cence about the centre, there is no argument drawn of the different 

<lb/>natures of the&longs;e Elements, and things elementary, but that 

<lb/>knowledge mu&longs;t be collected from other qualities not common; 

<lb/>and therefore who&longs;o &longs;hould deprive the Elements of this common 

<lb/>re&longs;t only, and &longs;hould leave unto them all their other operations, 

<lb/>would not in the lea&longs;t block up the way that leadeth to the know&shy;

<lb/>ledge of their e&longs;&longs;ences. </s><s>But <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> depriveth them onely of 

<lb/>this common re&longs;t, and changeth the &longs;ame into a common motion, 

<lb/>leaving them gravity, levity, the motions upwards, downwards, </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg477"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;lower, fa&longs;ter, rarity, den&longs;ity, the qualities of hot, cold, dry, moi&longs;t, 

<lb/>and in a word, all things be&longs;ides. </s><s>Therefore &longs;uch an ab&longs;urdity, as 

<lb/>this Authour imagineth to him&longs;elf, is no <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> po&longs;ition; nor 

<lb/>doth the concurrence in an identity of motion import any more or 

<lb/>le&longs;s, than the concurrence in an identity of re&longs;t about the diver&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>fying, or not diver&longs;ifying of natures. </s><s>Now tell us, if there be any 

<lb/>argument to the contrary.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg477"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The concurrence 

<lb/>of the Elements in 

<lb/>a common motion 

<lb/>importeth no more 

<lb/>or le&longs;&longs;e, than their 

<lb/>concurrence in a 

<lb/>common re&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There followeth a fourth objection, taken from a natu&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg478"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ral ob&longs;ervation, which is, <emph type="italics"/>That bodies of the &longs;ame kind, have mo&shy;

<lb/>tions that agree in kinde, or el&longs;e they agree in re&longs;t. </s><s>But by the<emph.end type="italics"/> Co&shy;

<lb/>pernican Hypothe&longs;is, <emph type="italics"/>bodies that agree in kinde, and are mo&longs;t &longs;em-<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg479"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>blable to one another, would be very di&longs;crepant, yea diametrically 

<lb/>repugnant as to motion; for that Stars &longs;o like to one another, would 

<lb/>be neverthele&longs;&longs;e &longs;o unlike in motion, as that &longs;ix Planets would perpe&shy;

<lb/>tually turn round; but the Sun and all the fixeed Stars would &longs;tand 

<lb/>perpetually immoveable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg478"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A fourth argu&shy;

<lb/>ment again&longs;t<emph.end type="italics"/> Co&shy;

<lb/>pernicus.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg479"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Bodies of the 

<lb/>&longs;ame kinde have 

<lb/>motions that agree 

<lb/>in kinde.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The forme of the argument appeareth good; but yet 

<lb/>I believe that the application or matter is defective: and if the 

<lb/>Authour will but per&longs;i&longs;t in his a&longs;&longs;umption, the con&longs;equence &longs;hall 

<lb/>make directly again&longs;t him. </s><s>The Argument runs thus; Among&longs;t 

<lb/>mundane bodies, &longs;ix there are that do perpetually move, and they 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg480"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>are the &longs;ix Planets; of the re&longs;t, that is, of the Earth, Sun, and 

<lb/>fixed Stars, it is di&longs;putable which of them moveth, and which 

<lb/>&longs;tands &longs;till, it being nece&longs;&longs;ary, that if the Earth &longs;tand &longs;till, the Sun 

<lb/>and &longs;ixed Stars do move; and it being al&longs;o po&longs;&longs;ible, that the Sun 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/248.jpg" pagenum="240"/>and fixed Stars may &longs;tand immoveable, in ca&longs;e the Earth &longs;hould 

<lb/>move: the matter of fact in di&longs;pute is, to which of them we may 

<lb/>with mo&longs;t convenience a&longs;cribe motion, and to which re&longs;t. </s><s>Natural 

<lb/>rea&longs;on dictates, that motion ought to be a&longs;&longs;igned to the bodies, 

<lb/>which in kind and e&longs;&longs;ence mo&longs;t agree with tho&longs;e bodies which do 

<lb/>undoubtedly move, and re&longs;t to tho&longs;e which mo&longs;t di&longs;&longs;ent from them; 

<lb/>and in regard that an eternal re&longs;t and perpetual motion are mo&longs;t 

<lb/>different, it is manife&longs;t, that the nature of the body always move&shy;

<lb/>able ought to be mo&longs;t different from the body alwayes &longs;table. 

<lb/></s><s>Therefore, in regard that we are dubious of motion and re&longs;t, 

<lb/>let us enquire, whether by the help of &longs;ome other eminent affecti&shy;

<lb/>on, we may di&longs;cover, which mo&longs;t agreeth with the bodies certain&shy;

<lb/>ly moveable, either the Earth, or the Sun and fixed Stars. </s><s>But &longs;ee 

<lb/>how Nature, in favour of our nece&longs;&longs;ity and de&longs;ire, pre&longs;ents us 

<lb/>with two eminent qualities, and no le&longs;s different than motion and 

<lb/>re&longs;t, and they are light and darkne&longs;s, to wit, the being by nature 

<lb/>mo&longs;t bright, and the being ob&longs;cure, and wholly deprived of light: 

<lb/>the bodies therefore adorned with an internal and eternal &longs;plen&shy;

<lb/>dour, are mo&longs;t different in e&longs;&longs;ence from tho&longs;e deprived of light: 

<lb/>The Earth is deprived of light, the Sun is mo&longs;t &longs;plendid in it &longs;elf, 

<lb/>and &longs;o are the fixed Stars. </s><s>The &longs;ix Planets do ab&longs;olutely 

<lb/>want light, as the Earth; therefore their e&longs;&longs;ence agreeth with 

<lb/>the Earth, and differeth from the Sun and fixed Stars. </s><s>There&shy;

<lb/>fore is the Earth moveable, immoveable the Sunne and Starry 

<lb/>Sphere.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg480"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>From the Earths 

<lb/>ob&longs;curity, and the 

<lb/>&longs;plendour of the 

<lb/>Sun, and fixed 

<lb/>Stars, is argued, 

<lb/>that it is movea&shy;

<lb/>ble, and they im&shy;

<lb/>moveable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But the Authour will not grant, that the &longs;ix Planets are 

<lb/>tenebro&longs;e, and by that negative will he abide. </s><s>Or he will argue 

<lb/>the great conformity of nature between the &longs;ix Planets, and the 

<lb/>Sun, and Fixed Stars; and the di&longs;parity between them and the 

<lb/>Earth from other conditions than from tenebro&longs;ity and light; yea, 

<lb/>now I remember in the fifth objection, which followeth, he layeth 

<lb/>down the va&longs;t difference between the Earth and the C&oelig;le&longs;tial 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg481"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Bodies, in which he writeth, <emph type="italics"/>That the<emph.end type="italics"/> Copernican Hypothe&longs;is 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>would make great confu&longs;ion and perturbation in the Sy&longs;teme of the 

<lb/>Vniver&longs;e, and amongst its parts:<emph.end type="italics"/> As for in&longs;tance, among&longs;t C&oelig;&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg482"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>bodies that are immutable and incorruptible, according to <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;to&shy;

<lb/>tle, Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> and others; among&longs;t bodies, I &longs;ay, of &longs;uch nobility, by 

<lb/>the confe&longs;&longs;ion of every one, and <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf, who affirmeth 

<lb/>them to be ordinate, and di&longs;po&longs;ed in a perfect con&longs;titution, and 

<lb/>removeth from them all incon&longs;tancy of vertue among&longs;t, the&longs;e bo&shy;

<lb/>dies, I &longs;ay once more, &longs;o pure, that is to &longs;ay, among&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Venus, Mars, 

<lb/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> to place the very &longs;ink of all corruptible matters, to wit, the 

<lb/>Earth, Water, Air, and all mixt bodies.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg481"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A fifih argu&shy;

<lb/>ment again&longs;t<emph.end type="italics"/> Co&shy;

<lb/>pernicus.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg482"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Another diffe&shy;

<lb/>rence between the 

<lb/>Earth and the C&oelig;&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;tial bodies, ta&shy;

<lb/>ken from purity &amp; 

<lb/>impurity.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>But how much properer a di&longs;tribution, and more with nature, 

<lb/>yea with God him&longs;elf, the Architect, is it, to &longs;eque&longs;ter the pure 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/249.jpg" pagenum="241"/>from the impure, the mortal from the immortal, as other Schools 

<lb/>teach; which tell us that the&longs;e impure and frail matters are con&shy;

<lb/>teined within the angu&longs;t concave of the Lunar Orb, above which 

<lb/>with uninterrupted Series the things Cele&longs;tial di&longs;tend them&longs;elves.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. It's true that the Copernican Sy&longs;teme introduceth di&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg483"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;traction in the univer&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"/>; but we &longs;peak of our own 

<lb/>Univer&longs;e, that is true and real. </s><s>Again if this Author will infer 

<lb/>the di&longs;parity of e&longs;&longs;ence between the Earth and Cele&longs;tial bodies 

<lb/>from the incorruptibility of them, and the corruptibility of it in 

<lb/>the method of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> from which di&longs;parity he concludeth mo&shy;

<lb/>tion to belong to the Sun and fixed Stars, and the immobility of 

<lb/>the Earth, he will flatter him&longs;elf with a Paralogi&longs;me, &longs;uppo&longs;ing 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg484"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that which is in que&longs;tion; for <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> inferreth the incorruptibi&shy;

<lb/>lity of Cele&longs;tial bodies from motion, which is in di&longs;pute, whe&shy;

<lb/>ther it belongeth to them or to the Earth. </s><s>Of the vanity of the&longs;e 

<lb/>Rhetorical Illations enough hath been &longs;poken. </s><s>And what can be 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg485"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>more fond, than to &longs;ay, that the Earth and Elements are bani&shy;

<lb/>&longs;hed and &longs;eque&longs;tred from the Cele&longs;tial Spheres, and confined 

<lb/>within the Lunar Orb? </s><s>Is, not then the Moons Orb one of the 

<lb/>Cele&longs;tial Spheres, and according to con&longs;ent compri&longs;ed in the 

<lb/>middle of all the re&longs;t? </s><s>Its a new way to &longs;eparate the pure from 

<lb/>the impure, and the &longs;ick from the &longs;ound, to a&longs;&longs;igne the infected 

<lb/>quarters in the heart of the City: I had thought that the ^{*} Pe&longs;t&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg486"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>hou&longs;e ought to have been removed as far off as was po&longs;&longs;ible. 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> admireth the di&longs;po&longs;ition of the parts of the Univer&longs;e, 

<lb/>for that God hath con&longs;tituted the grand Lamp, which is to give 

<lb/>light all over his Temple in the centre of it, and not on one 

<lb/>&longs;ide. </s><s>And as to the Earths being betwixt <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>we will but hint the &longs;ame; and do you, in favour of this Author, 

<lb/>trie to remove it thence. </s><s>But let us not ^{*} mix the&longs;e Rhetorical 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg487"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Flowers with &longs;olid Demon&longs;trations, rather let us leave them to 

<lb/>the Orators, or if you will to the Poets, who know how in their 

<lb/>drolling way to exalt by their pray&longs;es things mo&longs;t &longs;ordid, yea and 

<lb/>&longs;ometimes mo&longs;t pernicious. </s><s>And if any thing el&longs;e remain, let us 

<lb/>di&longs;patch it, as we have done the re&longs;t.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg483"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"/>in 

<lb/>troduceth confu&longs;ion 

<lb/>in the Univer&longs;e of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Ari&longs;totle.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg484"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Paralogi&longs;me 

<lb/>of the Author of 

<lb/>Anti-Tycho.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg485"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It &longs;eemeth a 

<lb/>folly to affirm the 

<lb/>Earth to be with&shy;

<lb/>out the Heavens.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg486"></margin.target>* Lazeretto</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg487"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>Intrecciare,<emph.end type="italics"/> to 

<lb/>twine flowers in a 

<lb/>garland.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There is the &longs;ixth and la&longs;t argument, wherein he ma&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg488"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>keth it a very improbale thing. [<emph type="italics"/>That a corruptible and di&longs;&longs;ipable 

<lb/>body &longs;hould move with a perpetual and regular motion; and this 

<lb/>he confirmeth with the example of living creatures, which moving 

<lb/>with a motion natural to them, yet grow weary, and have need of 

<lb/>repo&longs;e to re&longs;tore their &longs;trength.<emph.end type="italics"/>] But what hath this motion to do 

<lb/>with that of the Earth, that in compari&longs;on to theirs is immen&longs;e? 

<lb/></s><s>Be&longs;ides, to make it move with three motions that run and draw 

<lb/>&longs;everal wayes: Who would ever a&longs;&longs;ert &longs;uch Paradoxes, unle&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>he had &longs;worn to be their defender? </s><s>Nor doth that avail in this 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/250.jpg" pagenum="242"/>ca&longs;e, which <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> alledgeth, that by rea&longs;on this motion is 

<lb/>natural to the Earth and not violent, it worketh contrary effects 

<lb/>to violent motions; and that tho&longs;e things di&longs;&longs;olve and cannot 

<lb/>long &longs;ub&longs;i&longs;t, to which impul&longs;e is conferred, but tho&longs;e &longs;o made 

<lb/>by nature do continue in their perfect di&longs;po&longs;ure; this an&longs;wer &longs;uf&shy;

<lb/>ficeth not, I &longs;ay, for it is overthrown by that of ours. </s><s>For the a&shy;

<lb/>nimal is a natural body, and not made by art, and its motion is 

<lb/>natural, deriving it &longs;elf from the &longs;oul, that is, from an intrin&longs;ick 

<lb/>principle; and that motion is violent, who&longs;e beginning is with&shy;

<lb/>out, and on which the thing moved conferreth nothing; how&shy;

<lb/>ever, if the animal continueth its motion any long time, it grows 

<lb/>weary, and al&longs;o dyeth, if it ob&longs;tinately &longs;trive to per&longs;i&longs;t therein. 

<lb/></s><s>You &longs;ee then that in nature we meet on all &longs;ides with notions con&shy;

<lb/>trary to the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican Hypothe&longs;is,<emph.end type="italics"/> and none in favour of it. </s><s>And 

<lb/>for that I have nothing more wherein to take the part of this Op&shy;

<lb/>ponent, hear what he produceth again&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Keplerus<emph.end type="italics"/> (with whom 

<lb/>he di&longs;puteth) upon that argument, which the &longs;aid <emph type="italics"/>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"/> bringeth 

<lb/>again&longs;t tho&longs;e who think it an inconvenient, nay impo&longs;&longs;ible thing, 

<lb/>to augment the Starry Sphere immen&longs;ely, as the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> Hy&shy;

<lb/>pothe&longs;is requireth. <emph type="italics"/>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"/> therefore in&longs;tanceth, &longs;aying: <emph type="italics"/>Difficili&shy;

<lb/>us ect, accidens pr&aelig;ter modulum &longs;ubjecti intendere, qu&agrave;m &longs;ub-<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg489"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>jectum &longs;ine accidente augere. </s><s>Copernicus ergo veri&longs;imilius facit, 

<lb/>qui auget Orbem Stellarum fixarum ab&longs;que motu, quam Ptolom&aelig;us, 

<lb/>qui auget motum fixarum immen&longs;&agrave; velocitate.<emph.end type="italics"/> [Which makes this 

<lb/>Engli&longs;h.] Its harder to &longs;tretch the accident beyond the model of the 

<lb/>&longs;ubject than to augment the &longs;ubject without the accident. <emph type="italics"/>Coperni-<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>hath more probability on his &longs;ide, who encrea&longs;eth the Orb of the 

<lb/>fixed Stars without motion, than <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> who augmenteth the 

<lb/>motion of the fixed Stars to an immen&longs;e degree of velocity. 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg490"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Which objection the Author an&longs;wereth, wondering how much 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"/> deceived him&longs;elf, in &longs;aying, that in the Ptolomaick Hypothe&shy;

<lb/>&longs;is the motion encrea&longs;eth beyond the model of the &longs;ubject, for in 

<lb/>his judgment it doth not encrea&longs;e, &longs;ave onely in conformity to the 

<lb/>model, and that according to its encrea&longs;ement, the velocity of 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg491"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the motion is augmented. </s><s>Which he proveth by &longs;uppo&longs;ing a ma&shy;

<lb/>chine to be framed, that maketh one revolution in twenty four 

<lb/>hours, which motion &longs;hall be called mo&longs;t &longs;low; afterwards &longs;up&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ing its &longs;emidiameter to be prolonged, as far as to the di&longs;tance 

<lb/>of the Sun, its extreme will equal the velocity of the Sun; and 

<lb/>it being cantinued out unto the Starry Sphere, it will equal the 

<lb/>velocity of the fixed Stars, though in the circumferrnce of the 

<lb/>machine it be very &longs;low. </s><s>Now applying this con&longs;ideration of the 

<lb/>machine to the Starry Sphere, let us imagine any point in its &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>midiameter, as neer to the centre as is the &longs;emidiameter of the ma&shy;

<lb/>chine; the &longs;ame motion that in the Starry Sphere is exceeding 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/251.jpg" pagenum="243"/>&longs;wift, &longs;hall in that point be exceeding &longs;low; But the great mag&shy;

<lb/>nitude of the body is that which maketh it of exceeding &longs;low, to 

<lb/>become exceeding &longs;wift, although it continueth &longs;till the &longs;ame, and 

<lb/>thus the velocity encrea&longs;eth, not beyond the model of the &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>ject, but rather according to it, and to its magnitude; very dif&shy;

<lb/>ferently from the imagination of <emph type="italics"/>Kepler.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg488"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A &longs;ixth argu&shy;

<lb/>ment again&longs;t<emph.end type="italics"/> Co&shy;

<lb/>pernicus, <emph type="italics"/>taken 

<lb/>from animals, who 

<lb/>have need of re&longs;t,

<lb/>though their moli&shy;

<lb/>on be natural.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg489"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An argument 

<lb/>from<emph.end type="italics"/> Kepler <emph type="italics"/>in fa&shy;

<lb/>vour of<emph.end type="italics"/> Coperni&shy;

<lb/>cus.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg490"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Author of 

<lb/>the Anti Tycho op&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;eth<emph.end type="italics"/> Kepler.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg491"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The velocity of 

<lb/>the circular moti&shy;

<lb/>on increa&longs;eth, ac&shy;

<lb/>cording to the en&shy;

<lb/>crea&longs;e of the dia&shy;

<lb/>meter of the circle.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I do not believe that this Author hath entertained &longs;o 

<lb/>mean and poor a conceit of <emph type="italics"/>Kepler,<emph.end type="italics"/> as to per&longs;wade him&longs;elf that 

<lb/>he did not under&longs;tand, that the highe&longs;t term of a line drawn from 

<lb/>the centre unro the Starry Sphere, moveth more &longs;wiftly than a 

<lb/>point of the &longs;ame line taken within a yard or two of the centre. </s><s>And 

<lb/>therefore of nece&longs;&longs;ity he mu&longs;t have conceived and comprehend&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg492"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ed that the mind and intention of <emph type="italics"/>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"/> was to have &longs;aid, that 

<lb/>it is le&longs;&longs;e inconvenient to encrea&longs;e an immoveable body to an ex&shy;

<lb/>traordinary magnitude, than to a&longs;cribe an extraordinary velocity 

<lb/>to a body, though very bigge, having regard to the model, 

<lb/>that is to the gauge, and to the example of other natural bodies; 

<lb/>in which we &longs;ee, that the di&longs;tance from the centre encrea&longs;ing, the 

<lb/>velocity dimini&longs;heth; that is, that the periods of their circulati&shy;

<lb/>ons take up longer times. </s><s>But in re&longs;t which is not capable of aug&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg493"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>mentation or diminution, the grandure or &longs;malne&longs;&longs;e of the body 

<lb/>maketh no differeuce. </s><s>So that if the an&longs;wer of the Author would 

<lb/>be directed again&longs;t the argument of <emph type="italics"/>Kepler,<emph.end type="italics"/> it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that 

<lb/>that Author doth hold, that to the movent principle its one and the 

<lb/>&longs;ame to move in the &longs;ame time a body very &longs;mall, or very im&shy;

<lb/>men&longs;e, in regard that the augmentation of velocity in&longs;eparably 

<lb/>attends the augmentation of the ma&longs;&longs;e. </s><s>But this again is contrary 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg494"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>to the Architectonical rule of nature, which doth in the le&longs;&longs;er 

<lb/>Spheres, as we &longs;ee in the Planets, and mo&longs;t &longs;en&longs;ibly in the Medi&shy;

<lb/>cean Stars, ob&longs;erve to make the le&longs;&longs;er Orbs to circulate in &longs;horter 

<lb/>times: Whence the time of <emph type="italics"/>Saturns<emph.end type="italics"/> revolution is longer than all 

<lb/>the times of the other le&longs;&longs;er Spheres, it being thirty years; now 

<lb/>the pa&longs;&longs;ing from this to a Sphere very much bigger, and to make 

<lb/>it move in 24. hours, may very well be &longs;aid to exceed the rules of 

<lb/>the model. </s><s>So that if we would but attentively con&longs;ider it, the 

<lb/>Authors an&longs;wer oppo&longs;eth not the intent and &longs;en&longs;e of the argument, 

<lb/>but the expre&longs;&longs;ing and manner of delivering of it; where again 

<lb/>the Author is injurious, and cannot deny but that he artificially 

<lb/>di&longs;&longs;embled his under&longs;tanding of the words, that he might charge 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"/> with gro&longs;&longs;e ignorance; but the impo&longs;ture was &longs;o very dull 

<lb/>and obvions, that he could not with all his craft alter the opini&shy;

<lb/>on which <emph type="italics"/>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"/> hath begot of his Doctrine in the minds of all 

<lb/>the Learned. </s><s>As in the next place, to the in&longs;tance again&longs;t the 

<lb/>perpetual motion of the Earth, taken from the impo&longs;&longs;ibility of 

<lb/>its moving long without wearine&longs;&longs;e, in regard that living crea&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/252.jpg" pagenum="244"/>tures them&longs;elves, which yet move naturally, and from an intern 

<lb/>principle, do grow weary, and have need of re&longs;t to relax and re&shy;

<lb/>fre&longs;h their members --------</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg492"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An explanation 

<lb/>of the true &longs;en&longs;e of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Kepler <emph type="italics"/>and his de&shy;

<lb/>fence.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg493"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The greatne&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>and &longs;malne&longs;&longs;e of 

<lb/>the body make a 

<lb/>difference in moti&shy;

<lb/>on and not in re&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg494"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The order of na&shy;

<lb/>ture is to make the 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;er Orbs to cir&shy;

<lb/>culate in &longs;horter 

<lb/>times, and the big&shy;

<lb/>ger in longer times.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Methinks I hear <emph type="italics"/>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"/> an&longs;wer him to that, that 

<lb/>there are &longs;ome kinde of animals which refre&longs;h them&longs;elves after 

<lb/>wearine&longs;&longs;e, by rowling on the Earth; and that therefore there 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg495"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>is no need to fear that the Terre&longs;trial Globe &longs;hould tire, nay it 

<lb/>may be rea&longs;onably affirmed, that it enjoyeth a perpetual &amp; mo&longs;t 

<lb/>tranquil repo&longs;e, keeping it &longs;elf in an eternal rowling.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg495"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The feigned an&shy;

<lb/>&longs;wer of<emph.end type="italics"/> Kepler <emph type="italics"/>co&shy;

<lb/>vered with an ar&shy;

<lb/>tificial Irony.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You are too tart and Satyrical, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus:<emph.end type="italics"/> but let us 

<lb/>lay a&longs;ide je&longs;ts, whil&longs;t we are treating of &longs;erious things.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Excu&longs;e me, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> this that I &longs;ay is not &longs;o ab&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>lutely be&longs;ides the bu&longs;ine&longs;s, as you perhaps make it; for a motion 

<lb/>that &longs;erveth in&longs;tead of re&longs;t, and removeth wearine&longs;s from a body 

<lb/>tired with travail, may much more ea&longs;ily &longs;erve to prevent the co&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg496"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ming of that wearine&longs;s, like as preventive remedies are more ea&longs;ie 

<lb/>than curative. </s><s>And I hold for certain, that if the motion of ani&shy;

<lb/>mals &longs;hould proceed in the &longs;ame manner as this that is a&longs;cribed to 

<lb/>the Earth, they would never grow weary; Seeing that the weari&shy;

<lb/>ne&longs;s of the living creature, deriveth it &longs;elf, in my opinion, from 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg497"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the imployment of but one part alone in the moving of its &longs;elf, 

<lb/>and all the re&longs;t of the body; as <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> in walking, the thighs and 

<lb/>the legs onely are imployed for carrying them&longs;elves and all the 

<lb/>re&longs;t: on the contrary, you &longs;ee the motion of the heart to be as it 

<lb/>were indefatigable, becau&longs;e it moveth it &longs;elf alone. </s><s>Be&longs;ides, I 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg498"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>know not how true it may be, that the motion of the animal is na&shy;

<lb/>tural, and not rather violent: nay, I believe that one may truly 

<lb/>&longs;ay, that the &longs;oul naturally moveth the members of an animal with 

<lb/>a motion preternatural, for if the motion upwards is preternatu&shy;

<lb/>ral to grave bodies, the lifting up of the legs, and the thighs, 

<lb/>which are grave bodies, in walking, cannot be done without vio&shy;

<lb/>lence, and therefore not without labour to the mover. </s><s>The 

<lb/>climbing upwards by a ladder carrieth the grave body contrary to 

<lb/>its natural inclination upwards, from whence followeth wearine&longs;s, 

<lb/>by rea&longs;on of the bodies natural aver&longs;ne&longs;s to that motion: but in 

<lb/>moving a moveable with a motion, to which it hath no aver&longs;ion, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg499"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>what la&longs;&longs;itude, what diminution of vertue and &longs;trength need we 

<lb/>fear in the mover? </s><s>and how &longs;hould the forces wa&longs;te, where they 

<lb/>are not at all imployed?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg496"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Animals would 

<lb/>not grow weary of 

<lb/>their motion, pro&shy;

<lb/>ceeding as that 

<lb/>which is a&longs;&longs;igned 

<lb/>to the terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg497"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The cau&longs;e of the 

<lb/>wearine&longs;&longs;e of ani&shy;

<lb/>mals.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg498"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motion of 

<lb/>an animal is rather 

<lb/>to be called violent 

<lb/>than natural.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg499"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;trength di&shy;

<lb/>mini&longs;heth not, 

<lb/>where it is not im&shy;

<lb/>ployed.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>They are the contrary motions wherewith the Earth is 

<lb/>pretended to move, again&longs;t which the Authour produceth his ar&shy;

<lb/>gument.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It hath been &longs;aid already, that they are no wi&longs;e con&shy;

<lb/>traries, and that herein the Authour is extteamly deceived, &longs;o 

<lb/>that the whole &longs;trength of the argument recoileth upon the Op&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/253.jpg" pagenum="245"/>ponent him&longs;elf, whil&longs;t he will make the <emph type="italics"/>Fir&longs;t Mover<emph.end type="italics"/> to hurry 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg500"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>along with it all the inferiour Spheres, contrary to the motion 

<lb/>which they them&longs;elves at the &longs;ame time exerci&longs;e. </s><s>It belongs there&shy;

<lb/>fore to the <emph type="italics"/>Primum Mobile<emph.end type="italics"/> to grow weary, which be&longs;ides the 

<lb/>moving of its &longs;elf is made to carry &longs;o many other Spheres, and 

<lb/>which al&longs;o &longs;trive again&longs;t it with a contrary motion. </s><s>So that 

<lb/>the ultimate conclu&longs;ion that the Authour inferred, &longs;aying, that 

<lb/>di&longs;cour&longs;ing of the effects of Nature, a man alwayes meets with 

<lb/>things that favour the opinion of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;toile<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> and ne&shy;

<lb/>ver any one that doth not interfer with <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;tands in need 

<lb/>of great con&longs;ideration; and it is better to &longs;ay, that one of the&longs;e 

<lb/>two <emph type="italics"/>Hypothe&longs;es<emph.end type="italics"/> being true, and the other nece&longs;&longs;arily fal&longs;e, it is 

<lb/>impo&longs;&longs;ible that a man &longs;hould ever be able to finde any argu&shy;

<lb/>ment, experience, or right rea&longs;on, in favour of that which is 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg501"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>fal&longs;e, like as to the truth none of the&longs;e things can be repugnant. 

<lb/></s><s>Va&longs;t difference, therefore, mu&longs;t needs be found between the rea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ons and arguments produced by the one and other party, for and 

<lb/>again&longs;t the&longs;e two opinions, the force of which I leave you your 

<lb/>&longs;elf to judge of, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg500"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The argument 

<lb/>of<emph.end type="italics"/> Claramontius 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>recoileth upon him&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elf.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg501"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>True Propo&longs;iti&shy;

<lb/>ons meet with ma&shy;

<lb/>ny conclu&longs;ive ar&shy;

<lb/>guments, &longs;o do not 

<lb/>the fal&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But you, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> being tran&longs;ported by the velocity 

<lb/>of your wit, have taken my words out of my mouth, whil&longs;t I was 

<lb/>about to &longs;ay &longs;omething, touching this la&longs;t argument of the Author; 

<lb/>and although you have more then &longs;ufficiently refuted him, yet 

<lb/>neverthele&longs;&longs;e I will adde &longs;omewhat, which then ran in my minde. 

<lb/></s><s>He propo&longs;eth it as a thing very unlikely, that a body di&longs;&longs;ipable 

<lb/>and corruptible, as the Earth, &longs;hould perpetually move with a re&shy;

<lb/>gular motion, c&longs;pecially for that we &longs;ee living creatures in the end 

<lb/>to grow weary, and to &longs;tand in need of re&longs;t: and the improbability 

<lb/>is increa&longs;ed, in that the &longs;aid motion is required to be of velocity 

<lb/>incomparable and immen&longs;e, in re&longs;pect to that of animals. </s><s>Now, I 

<lb/>cannot &longs;ee why the velocity of the Earth &longs;hould, at pre&longs;ent, trou&shy;

<lb/>ble it; &longs;o long as that of the &longs;tarry Sphere &longs;o very much bigger 

<lb/>doth not occa&longs;ion in it any di&longs;turbance more con&longs;iderable, than that 

<lb/>which the velocity of a machine, that in 24 hours maketh but one 

<lb/>&longs;ole revolution, produceth in the &longs;ame. </s><s>If the being of the velo&shy;

<lb/>city of the Earths conver&longs;ion, according to the model of that ma&shy;

<lb/>chine, inferreth things of no greater moment than that, let the Au&shy;

<lb/>thor cea&longs;e to fear the Earths growing weary; for that not one of 

<lb/>the mo&longs;t feeble and &longs;low-pac't animals, no not a Cham&aelig;leon would 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg502"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tire in moving no more than ^{*} four or five yards in 24 hours; but 

<lb/>if he plea&longs;e to con&longs;ider the velocity to be no longer, in relation to 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg503"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the model of the machine, but ab&longs;olutely, and ina&longs;much as the 

<lb/>moveable in 24 hours is to pa&longs;s a very great &longs;pace, he ought to &longs;hew 

<lb/>him&longs;elf &longs;o much more re&longs;erved in granting it to the &longs;tarry Sphere, 

<lb/>which with a velocity incomparably greater than that of the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/254.jpg" pagenum="246"/>Earth is to carry along with it a thou&longs;and bodies, each much big&shy;

<lb/>ger than the Terre&longs;trial Globe.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg502"></margin.target>* Cinque &ograve; &longs;ei 

<lb/>braccia Fiorentini.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg503"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Wearine&szlig; more 

<lb/>to be feared in the 

<lb/>&longs;tarry Sphere than 

<lb/>in the terre&longs;triall 

<lb/>Globe.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>Here it remains for us to &longs;ee the proofs, whereby the Authour 

<lb/>concludes the new &longs;tars <emph type="italics"/>Anno<emph.end type="italics"/> 1572. and <emph type="italics"/>Anno<emph.end type="italics"/> 1604. to be &longs;ublu&shy;

<lb/>nary, and not c&oelig;le&longs;tial, as the <emph type="italics"/>Astronomers<emph.end type="italics"/> of tho&longs;e times were 

<lb/>generally per&longs;waded; an enterprize very great certainly; but I 

<lb/>have con&longs;idered, that it will be better, in regard the Book is new 

<lb/>and long, by rea&longs;on of its many calculations, that between this e&shy;

<lb/>vening and to morrow morning I make them as plain as I can, and 

<lb/>&longs;o meeting you again to morrow to continue our wonted confe&shy;

<lb/>rences, give you a brief of what I &longs;hall ob&longs;erve therein; and if we 

<lb/>have time left, we will &longs;ay &longs;omething of the <emph type="italics"/>Annual motion<emph.end type="italics"/> a&longs;cri&shy;

<lb/>bed to the Earth. </s><s>In the mean time, if either of you, and <emph type="italics"/>Simpli&shy;

<lb/>cius<emph.end type="italics"/> in particular, hath any thing to &longs;ay more, touching what relates 

<lb/>to the <emph type="italics"/>Diurnal motion,<emph.end type="italics"/> at large examined by me, we have a little 

<lb/>time &longs;till left to treat thereof.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I have no more to &longs;ay, unle&longs;&longs;e it be this, that the di&longs;cour&shy;

<lb/>&longs;es that this day have falne under our debate, have appeared to me 

<lb/>fraught with very acute and ingenious notions, alledged on <emph type="italics"/>Coper&shy;

<lb/>nicus<emph.end type="italics"/> his &longs;ide, in confirmation of the motion of the Earth, but yet 

<lb/>I find not my &longs;elf per&longs;waded to believe it; for in &longs;hort, the things 

<lb/>that have been &longs;aid conclude no more but this, that the rea&longs;ons 

<lb/>for the &longs;tability of the Earth are not nece&longs;&longs;ary; but all the while 

<lb/>no demon&longs;tration hath been produced on the other &longs;ide, that doth 

<lb/>nece&longs;&longs;arily convince and prove its mobility.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I never undertook, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> to remove you from that 

<lb/>your opinion; much le&longs;s dare I pre&longs;ume to determine definitively 

<lb/>in this controver&longs;ie: it onely was, and &longs;till &longs;hall be in the en&longs;uing 

<lb/>di&longs;putations my intent, to make it appear to you, that tho&longs;e who 

<lb/>have thought that mo&longs;t &longs;wift motion of 24 hours doth belong to 

<lb/>the Earth alone, and not to the Univer&longs;e, the Earth onely exclu&shy;

<lb/>ded, were not induced to believe, that &longs;o it might and ought to do 

<lb/>out of any blind per&longs;wa&longs;ion; but that they did very well &longs;ee, try, 

<lb/>and examine the rea&longs;ons on the contrary &longs;ide, and al&longs;o not &longs;light&shy;

<lb/>ly an&longs;wer them. </s><s>With the &longs;ame intention, if it &longs;tand with your 

<lb/>liking, and that of <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> we may pa&longs;&longs;e to the con&longs;ideration of 

<lb/>that other motion; fir&longs;t, by <emph type="italics"/>Aristarchus Samius,<emph.end type="italics"/> and afterwards 

<lb/>by <emph type="italics"/>Nicholaus Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> a&longs;cribed to the &longs;aid Terre&longs;trial Globe, 

<lb/>which is, as, I believe, you have heretofore heard, made under the 

<lb/>Zodiack within the &longs;pace of a year about the Sun, immoveably 

<lb/>placed in the centre of the &longs;aid Zodiack.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The di&longs;qui&longs;ition is &longs;o great, and &longs;o noble, that I &longs;hall 

<lb/>gladly hearken to the di&longs;cu&longs;&longs;ion thereof, per&longs;wading my &longs;elf that I 

<lb/>&longs;hall hear what ever can be &longs;aid of that matter. </s><s>And I will after&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/255.jpg" pagenum="247"/>wards by my &longs;elf, according to my u&longs;ual cu&longs;tome, make more de&shy;

<lb/>liberate reflexions upon what hath been, and is to be &longs;poken; and 

<lb/>if I &longs;hould gain no more but this, it will be no &longs;mall benefit 

<lb/>that I &longs;hall be able to di&longs;cour&longs;e more Logically.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Therefore, that we may no further weary <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>we will put a period to the di&longs;putations of this day, and re&shy;

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;ume our conference to morrow in the u&longs;ual manner, with hope 

<lb/>to hear very plea&longs;ing novelties.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will leave with you the Book <emph type="italics"/>De &longs;tellis novis,<emph.end type="italics"/> and car&shy;

<lb/>ry back this of the Conclu&longs;ions, to &longs;ee what is written therein a&shy;

<lb/>gain&longs;t the Annual motion, which are to be the arguments of our 

<lb/>di&longs;cour&longs;e to morrow.</s></p><pb xlink:href="065/01/256.jpg"/><pb xlink:href="065/01/257.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.257.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/1.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.257.2.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/2.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.257.3.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/3.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.257.4.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/4.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.257.5.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/5.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.257.6.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/6.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.257.7.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/7.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.257.8.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/8.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.257.9.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/9.jpg"/><p type="caption"><s><emph type="italics"/>Place this Plate 

<lb/>at the end of 

<lb/>the Second<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Dialogue.</s></p>

</chap><chap><pb xlink:href="065/01/258.jpg"/>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/259.jpg" pagenum="249"/><p type="head"><s>GALIL&AElig;US 

<lb/>Galil&aelig;us Lync&aelig;us, 

<lb/>HIS 

<lb/>SYSTEME 

<lb/>OF THE 

<lb/>WORLD.</s></p><p type="head"><s>The Third Dialogue.</s></p><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"/>INTERLOCVTORS.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"><s>SALVIATUS, SAGREDUS, and SIMPLICIUS.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The great de&longs;ire wherewith I have expected 

<lb/>your coming, that I might hear the novel 

<lb/>conceits touching the annual conver&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>on of this our Globe, hath made me 

<lb/>think the houres of the la&longs;t night, and 

<lb/>tho&longs;e of this morning very tedious, al&shy;

<lb/>though I &longs;pent them not idly, but lying 

<lb/>awake I imployed a good part thereof in 

<lb/>ruminating upon our ye&longs;terdayes di&longs;cour&shy;

<lb/>&longs;es, weighing the rea&longs;ons alledged by both parties, in favour of 

<lb/>the two contrary Hypothe&longs;es, that of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>this of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;tarchus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"/> And really methinks, that 

<lb/>which ever of the&longs;e parties have been deceived, they are worthy of 

<lb/>excu&longs;e, &longs;o &longs;pecious and valid in appearance are the rea&longs;ons that 

<lb/>may have per&longs;waded them either way; though neverthele&longs;&longs;e we 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/260.jpg" pagenum="250"/>do for the mo&longs;t part clo&longs;e with tho&longs;e produced by the grave Au&shy;

<lb/>thours fir&longs;t above mentioned. </s><s>But albeit that the <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick Hy&shy;

<lb/>pothe&longs;is,<emph.end type="italics"/> by rea&longs;on of its antiquity, hath had many followers and 

<lb/>fautors, and the other very few; fir&longs;t, for its ob&longs;curity, and next, 

<lb/>for its novelty, yet methinks I di&longs;cover among&longs;t tho&longs;e many, 

<lb/>and particularly among&longs;t the modernes &longs;ome, who for the &longs;up&shy;

<lb/>port of the opinion by them e&longs;teemed true, have introduced 

<lb/>other rea&longs;ons &longs;ufficiently childi&longs;h, I could &longs;ay ridiculous.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have met with the like, and &longs;o much wor&longs;e than 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg504"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>yours, that I blu&longs;h to rehear&longs;e them, not &longs;o much to &longs;pare the fame 

<lb/>of their Authours, the names of whom might be perpetually con&shy;

<lb/>cealed, as becau&longs;e I am a&longs;hamed &longs;o much to &longs;tain the honour of 

<lb/>mankinde. </s><s>In ob&longs;erving of the&longs;e men, I have found that &longs;ome 

<lb/>there are who prepo&longs;terou&longs;ly rea&longs;oning, fir&longs;t &longs;tabli&longs;h the conclu&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ion in their fancy, and (either becau&longs;e it is their own, or el&longs;e be&shy;

<lb/>longs to a per&longs;on whom they much confide in) &longs;o firmly imprint 

<lb/>it in their opinions, that it is altogether impo&longs;&longs;ible ever wholly to 

<lb/>efface it: and tho&longs;e rea&longs;ons which they them&longs;elves &longs;tumble upon, 

<lb/>or which they hear others to alledge in confirmation of the con&shy;

<lb/>ceit entertained, though never &longs;o &longs;imple and in&longs;ipid, in&longs;tantly find 

<lb/>credit and applau&longs;e with them: but on the contrary, tho&longs;e which 

<lb/>are brought again&longs;t their opinion, though ingenuous and conclu&shy;

<lb/>ding, they receive not only with nau&longs;eating, but with di&longs;dain and 

<lb/>bitter indignation, yea, you &longs;hall have one of the&longs;e &longs;o inraged, as 

<lb/>that he will not be backward to try all wayes to &longs;uppre&longs;s and &longs;ilence 

<lb/>their adver&longs;aries: and of this I my &longs;elf have had &longs;ome experience.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg504"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Some in arguing 

<lb/>fir&longs;t fix in their 

<lb/>minds the conclu&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ion beleeved by 

<lb/>them, and then a&shy;

<lb/>dapt their rea&longs;ons 

<lb/>to that.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Indeed the&longs;e men deduce not the conclu&longs;ion from the 

<lb/>premi&longs;es, nor confirme them with rea&longs;ons, but accomodate, or to 

<lb/>&longs;ay better, di&longs;commodate and di&longs;tort the premi&longs;es and arguments 

<lb/>to make them &longs;peak in favour of their pre-a&longs;&longs;umed and pertinaci&shy;

<lb/>ous conclu&longs;ions. </s><s>It is not good therefore to contract familiarity 

<lb/>with the&longs;e men; and the rather, for that their conver&longs;ation is not 

<lb/>only unplea&longs;ant, but al&longs;o dangerous. </s><s>Yet let us continue our con&shy;

<lb/>ference with <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> however, whom I have known this long 

<lb/>while for a man of great ingenuity, and altogether void of malice: 

<lb/>be&longs;ides he is well ver&longs;t in the Peripatetick Doctrine; &longs;o that I may 

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;ure my &longs;elf, that what &longs;hall not fall within the reach of his rea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;on for the &longs;upport of the <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totelian<emph.end type="italics"/> Hypothe&longs;is, will not ea&longs;ily 

<lb/>be found out by others. </s><s>But &longs;ee yonder he comes, quite out of 

<lb/>winde, who&longs;e company we have &longs;o long de&longs;ired: we were ju&longs;t now 

<lb/>&longs;peaking again&longs;t the &longs;mall ha&longs;t you made to come to us.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>You mu&longs;t not blame me, but <emph type="italics"/>Neptune,<emph.end type="italics"/> for this my long 

<lb/>&longs;tay; which in the ebbe of this mornings tide hath in a manner 

<lb/>drain'd away the waters, for the <emph type="italics"/>Gondola<emph.end type="italics"/> that brought me, being 

<lb/>entered not far from hence into a certain Channel, wanting depth, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/261.jpg" pagenum="251"/>where I was &longs;tranded, and forced to &longs;tay there more than a full 

<lb/>hour, in expecting the return of the tide: and there waiting in 

<lb/>this manner, without being able to get out of the boat, which on a 

<lb/>&longs;udden ran a ground, I ob&longs;erved a certain accident, which to me 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg505"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;eemed very &longs;trange; and it was this, that in the waters ebbing 

<lb/>I &longs;aw it retreat very fa&longs;t by &longs;everal &longs;mall rivolets, the ouze being 

<lb/>in many places di&longs;covered, and whil&longs;t I &longs;tood looking upon this ef&shy;

<lb/>fect, I &longs;aw this motion in an in&longs;tant to cea&longs;e, and without a mi&shy;

<lb/>nutes interval the &longs;ame water to begin to return back again, and 

<lb/>the tide from ebbing to become young flood, without &longs;tanding 

<lb/>&longs;till a moment: an effect that as long as I have dwelt in <emph type="italics"/>Venice,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>I never took notice of before.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg505"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motion of 

<lb/>the water in ebbing 

<lb/>and flowing not in&shy;

<lb/>terrupted by re&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It is very much, that you &longs;hould be left thus on ground, 

<lb/>among&longs;t &longs;mall Channels; in which rivolets, as having very little 

<lb/>declivity, the ri&longs;ing or falling of the main &longs;ea, the thickne&longs;s onely 

<lb/>of a paper is &longs;ufficient to make the water to ebbe and flow for good 

<lb/>long &longs;paces of time: like as in &longs;ome creeks of the Sea, its flowing 

<lb/>four or &longs;ix ^{*} yards onely, maketh the water to overflow the adja&shy;

<lb/>cent Mar&longs;hes for &longs;ome hundreds and thou&longs;ands of ^{*} acres.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg506"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg506"></margin.target>* Pertiche vene&shy;

<lb/>tiani.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This I know very well, but I &longs;hould have thought, that 

<lb/>between the ultimate terme of ebbing, and the fir&longs;t beginnng to 

<lb/>flow, there &longs;hould have interpo&longs;ed &longs;ome con&longs;iderable interval of 

<lb/>re&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This will appear unto you, if you ca&longs;t your eye upon 

<lb/>the bank or piles, where the&longs;e mutations are made perpendicular&shy;

<lb/>ly, but not that there is any real time of ce&longs;&longs;ation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I did think, that becau&longs;e the&longs;e two motions were con&shy;

<lb/>trary, there ought to be in the mid&longs;t between them &longs;ome kind of 

<lb/>re&longs;t; conformable to the Doctrine of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> which demon&longs;trates. 

<lb/></s><s>that <emph type="italics"/>in puncto regre&longs;&longs;us mediat quies.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I very well remember this place: but I bear in minde 

<lb/>al&longs;o, that when I read Philo&longs;ophy, I was not thorowly &longs;atisfied 

<lb/>with <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totles<emph.end type="italics"/> demon&longs;tration; but that I had many experiments 

<lb/>on the contrary, which I could &longs;till rehear&longs;e unto you, but I am 

<lb/>unwilling to &longs;ally out into any other digre&longs;&longs;ions, we being met 

<lb/>here to di&longs;cour&longs;e of the propo&longs;ed mattes, if it be po&longs;&longs;ible, without 

<lb/>the&longs;e excur&longs;ions wherewith we have interrupted our di&longs;putes in 

<lb/>tho&longs;e dayes that are pa&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>And yet we may with convenience, if not interrupt 

<lb/>them, at lea&longs;t prolong them very much, for returning ye&longs;ter&shy;

<lb/>day home, I &longs;et my &longs;el&longs; to read the Tractate of Conclu&longs;ions, where 

<lb/>I find Demon&longs;trations again&longs;t this annual motion a&longs;cribed to the 

<lb/>Earth, very &longs;olid; and becau&longs;e I would not tru&longs;t my memory with 

<lb/>the punctual relation of them, I have brought back the Book a&shy;

<lb/>long with me.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/262.jpg" pagenum="252"/><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You have done very well; but if we would re-a&longs;&longs;ume 

<lb/>our Di&longs;putations according to ye&longs;terdayes appointment, it is re&shy;

<lb/>qui&longs;ite that we fir&longs;t hear what account <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> hath to give us 

<lb/>of the Book, <emph type="italics"/>De &longs;tellis novis,<emph.end type="italics"/> and then without interruption we 

<lb/>may proceed to the Annual motion. </s><s>Now what &longs;ay you, <emph type="italics"/>Salvia&shy;

<lb/>tus<emph.end type="italics"/> touching tho&longs;e &longs;tars? </s><s>Are they really pull'd down from Hea&shy;

<lb/>ven to the&longs;e lower regions, by vertue of that Authours calculati&shy;

<lb/>ons, whom <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> mentioneth?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I &longs;et my &longs;elf la&longs;t night to peru&longs;e his proceedings, and I 

<lb/>have this morning had another view of him, to &longs;ee whether that 

<lb/>which he &longs;eemed over night to affirm, were really his &longs;en&longs;e, or my 

<lb/>dreams and phanta&longs;tical nocturnal imaginations; and in the clo&longs;e 

<lb/>found to my great grief that tho&longs;e things were really written and 

<lb/>printed, which for the reputation-&longs;ake of this Philo&longs;opher I was 

<lb/>unwilling to believe. </s><s>It is in my judgment impo&longs;&longs;ible, but that he 

<lb/>&longs;hould perceive the vanity of his undertaking, a&longs;well becau&longs;e it is 

<lb/>too apert, as becau&longs;e I remember, that I have heard him mentio&shy;

<lb/>ned with applau&longs;e by the <emph type="italics"/>Academick our Friend<emph.end type="italics"/>: it &longs;eemeth to 

<lb/>me al&longs;o to be a thing very unlikely, that in complacency to others, 

<lb/>he &longs;hould be induced to &longs;et &longs;o low a value upon his reputation, as 

<lb/>to give con&longs;ent to the publication of a work, for which he could 

<lb/>expect no other than the cen&longs;ure of the Learned.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Yea, but you know, that tho&longs;e will be much fewer 

<lb/>than one for an hundred, compared to tho&longs;e that &longs;hall celebrate 

<lb/>and extoll him above the greate&longs;t wits that are, or ever have been 

<lb/>in the world: He is one that hath mentioned the Peripate&shy;

<lb/>tick inalterability of Heaven again&longs;t a troop of <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomers,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>that to their greater di&longs;grace hath foiled them at their own wea&shy;

<lb/>pons; and what do you think four or five in a Countrey that di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cern his triflings, can do again&longs;t the innumerable multitude, that, 

<lb/>not being able to di&longs;cover or comprehend them, &longs;uffer them&longs;elves 

<lb/>to be taken with words, and &longs;o much more applaud him, by how 

<lb/>much the le&longs;&longs;e they under&longs;tand him? </s><s>You may adde al&longs;o, that 

<lb/>tho&longs;e few who under&longs;tand, &longs;corn to give an an&longs;wer to papers &longs;o 

<lb/>trivial and unconcludent; and that upon very good rea&longs;ons, be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e to the intelligent there is no need thereof, and to tho&longs;e that 

<lb/>do not under&longs;tand, it is but labour lo&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The mo&longs;t de&longs;erved puni&longs;hment of their demerits would 

<lb/>certainly be &longs;ilence, if there were not other rea&longs;ons, for which it 

<lb/>is haply no le&longs;&longs;e than nece&longs;&longs;ary to re&longs;ent their timerity: one of 

<lb/>which is, that we <emph type="italics"/>Italians<emph.end type="italics"/> thereby incur the cen&longs;ure of Illiterates, 

<lb/>and attract the laughter of Forreigners; and e&longs;pecially to &longs;uch 

<lb/>who are &longs;eparated from our Religion; and I could &longs;hew you ma&shy;

<lb/>ny of tho&longs;e of no &longs;mall eminency, who &longs;coff at our <emph type="italics"/>Academick,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and the many Mathematicians that are in <emph type="italics"/>Italie,<emph.end type="italics"/> for &longs;uffering the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/263.jpg" pagenum="253"/>follies of &longs;uch a ^{*} Fabler again&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomers<emph.end type="italics"/> to come into the </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg507"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>light, and to be openly maintained without contradiction; but 

<lb/>this al&longs;o might be di&longs;pen&longs;ed with, in re&longs;pect of the other greater 

<lb/>occa&longs;ions of laughter, wherewith we may confront them depend&shy;

<lb/>ing on the di&longs;&longs;imulation of the intelligent, touching the follies of 

<lb/>the&longs;e opponents of the Doctrines that they well enough under&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tand.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg507"></margin.target>* Lorenzini.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I de&longs;ire not a greater proof of tho&longs;e mens petulancy, 

<lb/>and the infelicity of a <emph type="italics"/>Copernican,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ubject to be oppo&longs;ed by &longs;uch 

<lb/>as under&longs;tand not &longs;o much as the very fir&longs;t po&longs;itions, upon which 

<lb/>he undertakes the quarrel.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You will be no le&longs;&longs;e a&longs;toni&longs;hed at their method in con&shy;

<lb/>futing the <emph type="italics"/>Astronomers,<emph.end type="italics"/> who affirm the new Stars to be &longs;uperiour 

<lb/>to the Orbs of the Planets; and peradventure in the ^{&dagger;} Firmament 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg508"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>it &longs;elf.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg508"></margin.target>&dagger; He taketh the 

<lb/>Firmament for the 

<lb/>Starry Sphere, and 

<lb/>as we vulgarly re&shy;

<lb/>ceive the word.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But how could you in &longs;o &longs;hort a time examine all this 

<lb/>Book, which is &longs;o great a Volume, and mu&longs;t needs contain very 

<lb/>many demon&longs;trations.?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have confined my &longs;elf to the&longs;e his fir&longs;t confutations, in 

<lb/>which with twelve demon&longs;trations founded upon the ob&longs;ervations 

<lb/>of twelve <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomers,<emph.end type="italics"/> (who all held, that the Star, <emph type="italics"/>Anno<emph.end type="italics"/> 1572. 

<lb/>which appeared in <emph type="italics"/>Ca&longs;&longs;iopeia,<emph.end type="italics"/> was in the Firmament) he proveth it 

<lb/>on the contrary, to be beneath the Moon, conferring, two by two, 

<lb/>the meridian altitudes, proceeding in the method that you &longs;hall 

<lb/>under&longs;tand by and by. </s><s>And becau&longs;e, I think, that in the exami&shy;

<lb/>nation of this his fir&longs;t progre&longs;&longs;ion, I have di&longs;covered in this Au&shy;

<lb/>thour a great unlikelihood of his ability to conclude any thing a&shy;

<lb/>gain&longs;t the <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomers,<emph.end type="italics"/> in favour of the <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick Philo&longs;ophers,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and that their opinion is more and more concludently confirmed, 

<lb/>I could not apply my &longs;elf with the like patience in examining his 

<lb/>other methods, but have given a very &longs;light glance upon them, 

<lb/>and am certain, that the defect that is in the&longs;e fir&longs;t impugnations, 

<lb/>is likewi&longs;e in the re&longs;t. </s><s>And as you &longs;hall &longs;ee, by experience, very 

<lb/>few words will &longs;uffice to confute this whole Book, though compi&shy;

<lb/>led with &longs;o great a number of laborious calculations, as here you 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg509"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;ee. </s><s>Therefore ob&longs;erve my proceedings. </s><s>This Authour under&shy;

<lb/>taketh, as I &longs;ay, to wound his adver&longs;aries with their own weapons, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>i.e.<emph.end type="italics"/> a great number of ob&longs;ervations made by them&longs;elves, to wit, by 

<lb/>twelve or thirteen Authours in number, and upon part of them he 

<lb/>makes his &longs;upputations, and concludeth tho&longs;e &longs;tars to have been 

<lb/>below the Moon. </s><s>Now becau&longs;e the proceeding by interrogato&shy;

<lb/>ries very much plea&longs;eth me, in regard the Authour him&longs;elf is not 

<lb/>here, let <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> an&longs;wer me to the que&longs;tions that I &longs;hall ask 

<lb/>him, as he thinks he him&longs;elf would, if he were pre&longs;ent. </s><s>And pre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;ing that we &longs;peak of the fore&longs;aid Star, of <emph type="italics"/>Anno<emph.end type="italics"/> 1572. ap&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/264.jpg" pagenum="254"/>pearing in <emph type="italics"/>Ca&longs;&longs;iopeia,<emph.end type="italics"/> tell me, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> whether you believe that 

<lb/>it might be in the &longs;ame time placed in divers places, that is, a&shy;

<lb/>mong&longs;t the Elements, aud al&longs;o among&longs;t the planetary Orbs, and 

<lb/>al&longs;o above the&longs;e among&longs;t the fixed Stars, and yet again infinitely 

<lb/>more high.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg509"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The method ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erved by<emph.end type="italics"/> Clar. <emph type="italics"/>in 

<lb/>confuting the A&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tronomers, and by<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Salviatus <emph type="italics"/>in confu&shy;

<lb/>ting him.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There is no doubt, but that it ought to be confe&longs;&longs;ed 

<lb/>that it is but in one only place, and at one &longs;ole and determinate 

<lb/>di&longs;tance from the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore if the ob&longs;ervations made by the A&longs;trono&shy;

<lb/>mers were exact, and the calculations made by this Author were 

<lb/>not erroneous, it were ea&longs;ie from all tho&longs;e and all the&longs;e to re&shy;

<lb/>collect the &longs;ame di&longs;tances alwayes to an hair, is not this true?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>My rea&longs;on hitherto tells me that &longs;o it mu&longs;t needs be; 

<lb/>nor do I believe that the Author would contradict it</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But when of many and many computations that have 

<lb/>been made, there &longs;hould not be &longs;o much as two onely that prove 

<lb/>true, what would you think of them?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I would think that they were all fal&longs;e, either through 

<lb/>the fault of the computi&longs;t, or through the defect of the ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>vators, and at the mo&longs;t that could be &longs;aid, I would &longs;ay, that but 

<lb/>onely one of them and no more was true; but as yet I know not 

<lb/>which to choo&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Would you then from fal&longs;e fundamentals deduce and 

<lb/>e&longs;tabli&longs;h a doubtful conclu&longs;ion for ttue? </s><s>Certainly no. </s><s>Now the 

<lb/>calculations of this Author are &longs;uch, that no one of them agrees 

<lb/>with another, you may &longs;ee then what credit is to be given to 

<lb/>them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. Indeed, if it be &longs;o, this is a notable failing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But by the way I have a mind to help <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>the Author by telling <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that his arguments would hold 

<lb/>good if the Author had undertook to go about to find out exact&shy;

<lb/>ly the di&longs;tance of the Star from the Earth, which I do not think 

<lb/>to be his intention; but onely to demon&longs;trate that from tho&longs;e 

<lb/>ob&longs;ervations he collected that the Star was &longs;ublunary. </s><s>So 

<lb/>that if from tho&longs;e ob&longs;ervations, and from all the computations 

<lb/>made thereon, the height of the Star be alwayes collected to be 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e than that of the Moon, it &longs;erves the Authors turn to con&shy;

<lb/>vince all tho&longs;e A&longs;tronomers of mo&longs;t impardonable ignorance, 

<lb/>that through the defect either of Geometry or Arithmetick, have 

<lb/>not known how to draw true conclu&longs;ions from their own ob&longs;erva&shy;

<lb/>tions them&longs;elves.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It will be convenient therefore that I turn my &longs;elf to 

<lb/>you, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> who &longs;o cunningly aphold the Doctrine of this 

<lb/>Author. </s><s>And to &longs;ee whether I can make <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> though not 

<lb/>very expert in calcnlations, and demon&longs;trations to apprehend the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/265.jpg" pagenum="255"/>inconclu&longs;ivene&longs;&longs;e at lea&longs;t of the demon&longs;trations of this Author, 

<lb/>fir&longs;t propo&longs;ed to con&longs;ideration, and how both he, and all the 

<lb/>A&longs;tronomers with whom he contendeth, do agree that the new 

<lb/>Star had not any motion of its own, and onely went round with 

<lb/>the diurnal motion of the <emph type="italics"/>primum mobile<emph.end type="italics"/>; but di&longs;&longs;ent about the 

<lb/>placing of it, the one party putting it in the Cele&longs;tial Region, 

<lb/>that is above the Moon, and haply above the fixed Stars, and 

<lb/>the other judging it to be neer to the Earth, that is, under the 

<lb/>concave of the Lunar Orb. </s><s>And becau&longs;e the &longs;ituation of the new 

<lb/>&longs;tar, of which we &longs;peak, was towards the North, and at no very 

<lb/>great di&longs;tance from the Pole, &longs;o that to us <emph type="italics"/>Septentrionals,<emph.end type="italics"/> it did 

<lb/>never &longs;et, it was an ea&longs;ie matter with A&longs;tronomical in&longs;truments 

<lb/>to have taken its &longs;everal meridian altitudes, as well its &longs;malle&longs;t 

<lb/>under the Pole, as its greate&longs;t above the &longs;ame; from the compa&shy;

<lb/>ring of which altitudes, made in &longs;everal places of the Earth, 

<lb/>&longs;ituate at different di&longs;tances from the North, that is, different 

<lb/>from one another in relation to polar altitudes, the &longs;tars di&longs;tance 

<lb/>might be inferred: For if it was in the Firmament among&longs;t the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg510"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>other fixed &longs;tars, its meridian altitudes taken in divers elevations 

<lb/>of the pole, ought nece&longs;&longs;arily to differ from each other with the 

<lb/>&longs;ame variations that are found among&longs;t tho&longs;e elevations them&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elves; that is, for example, if the elevation of the &longs;tar above 

<lb/>the horizon was 30 degrees, taken in the place where the polar 

<lb/>altitude was <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> 45 degrees, the elevation of the &longs;ame &longs;tar 

<lb/>ought to have been encrea&longs;ed 4 or 5 degrees in tho&longs;e more Nor&shy;

<lb/>thernly places where the pole was higher by the &longs;aid 4 or 5 de&shy;

<lb/>grees. </s><s>But if the &longs;tars di&longs;tance from the Earth was but very little, 

<lb/>in compari&longs;on of that of the Firmament; its meridian altitudes 

<lb/>ought approaching to the North to encrea&longs;e con&longs;iderably more 

<lb/>than the polar altitudes; and by that greater encrea&longs;e, that is, 

<lb/>by the exce&longs;&longs;e of the encrea&longs;e of the &longs;tars elevation, above the 

<lb/>encrea&longs;e of the polar elevation (which is called the difference of 

<lb/>Parallaxes) is readily calculated with a cleer and &longs;ure method, 

<lb/>the &longs;tars di&longs;tance from the centre of the Earth. </s><s>Now this Author 

<lb/>taketh the ob&longs;ervations made by thirteen A&longs;tronomers in &longs;undry 

<lb/>elevations of the pole, and conferring a part of them at his plea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ure, he computeth by twelve collations the new &longs;tars height to 

<lb/>have been alwayes beneath the Moon; but this he adventures to 

<lb/>do in hopes to find &longs;o gro&longs;&longs;e ignorance in all tho&longs;e, into who&longs;e 

<lb/>hands his book might come, that to &longs;peak the truth, it hath turn'd 

<lb/>my &longs;tomack; and I wait to &longs;ee how tho&longs;e other A&longs;tronomers, and 

<lb/>particularly <emph type="italics"/>Kepler,<emph.end type="italics"/> again&longs;t whom this Author principally in&shy;

<lb/>veigheth, can contein them&longs;elves in &longs;ilence, for he doth not u&longs;e 

<lb/>to hold his tongue on &longs;uch occa&longs;ions; unle&longs;&longs;e he did po&longs;&longs;ibly 

<lb/>think the enterprize too much below him. </s><s>Now to give you to 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/266.jpg" pagenum="256"/>under&longs;tand the &longs;ame, I have upon this paper tran&longs;cribed the con&shy;

<lb/>clu&longs;ions that he inferreth from his twelve indagations; the fir&longs;t of 

<lb/>which is upon the two ob&longs;ervations:

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table1"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg510"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The greate&longs;t and 

<lb/>lea&longs;t elevations of 

<lb/>the new &longs;tar differ 

<lb/>not from each o&shy;

<lb/>ther more than the 

<lb/>polar allitudes, the 

<lb/>&longs;aid &longs;tar being in 

<lb/>the Firmnment.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><table><table.target id="table1"></table.target><row><cell>Of <emph type="italics"/>Maurolicus<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Hainzelius,<emph.end type="italics"/> from which   the Star is collected to have been di&longs;tant from the   centre le&longs;&longs;e than 3 &longs;emidiameters of the Earth,   the difference of Parallaxes being 4 <emph type="italics"/>gr. 42 m.<emph.end type="italics"/>30 <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>3 <emph type="italics"/>&longs;emid.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>2. And is calculated on the ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Hain-zelius,<emph.end type="italics"/> with Parall. of 8. <emph type="italics"/>m. 30 &longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/> and its di-&longs;tance from the centre is computed to be more   than</cell><cell>25 <emph type="italics"/>&longs;emid.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>3. And upon the ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Hain-zelius,<emph.end type="italics"/> with Parall. of 10 <emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/> and the di&longs;tance of   the centre is collected to be little le&longs;&longs;e than</cell><cell>19 <emph type="italics"/>&longs;emid.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>4. And upon the ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> and the   <emph type="italics"/>Landgrave,<emph.end type="italics"/> with Parall. of 14 <emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/> the di&longs;tance   from the centre is made to be about</cell><cell>10 <emph type="italics"/>&longs;emid.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>5. And upon the ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Hainzelius<emph.end type="italics"/> and   <emph type="italics"/>Gemma,<emph.end type="italics"/> with Parall. of 42 <emph type="italics"/>m. 30 &longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/> whereby   the di&longs;tance is gathered to be about</cell><cell>4 <emph type="italics"/>&longs;emid.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>6. And upon the ob&longs;ervations of the <emph type="italics"/>Landgrave<emph.end type="italics"/>and <emph type="italics"/>Camerarius,<emph.end type="italics"/> with Parall. of 8 <emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/> the di-&longs;tance is concluded to be about</cell><cell>4 <emph type="italics"/>&longs;emid.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>7. And upon the ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Hage-cius,<emph.end type="italics"/> with Parall. of 6 <emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/> and the di&longs;tance is   made</cell><cell>31 <emph type="italics"/>&longs;emid.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>8. And upon the ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Hagecius<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Vr-&longs;inus<emph.end type="italics"/> with Parall. of 43 <emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/> and the &longs;tars di&longs;tance   from the &longs;uperficies of the Earth is rendred</cell><cell>1/2 <emph type="italics"/>&longs;emid.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>9. And upon the ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Landgravius<emph.end type="italics"/> and   <emph type="italics"/>Bu&longs;chius,<emph.end type="italics"/> with Parall. of 15 <emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/> and the di-&longs;tance from the &longs;uperficies of the Earth is by   &longs;upputation</cell><cell>1/48 <emph type="italics"/>&longs;emid.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>10. And upon the ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Maurolice<emph.end type="italics"/> and   <emph type="italics"/>Munocius,<emph.end type="italics"/> with Parall. of 4 <emph type="italics"/>m. 30 &longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/> and the   compnted di&longs;tance from the Earths &longs;urface is</cell><cell>1/5 <emph type="italics"/>&longs;emid.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>11. And upon the ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Munocius<emph.end type="italics"/> and   <emph type="italics"/>Gemma,<emph.end type="italics"/> with Parall. of 55 <emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/> and the di&longs;tance   from the centre is rendred</cell><cell>13 <emph type="italics"/>&longs;emid.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/267.jpg" pagenum="257"/><row><cell>12. And upon the ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Muno&longs;ius<emph.end type="italics"/> and   <emph type="italics"/>Vr&longs;inus<emph.end type="italics"/> with Parall. of 1 <emph type="italics"/>gr. 36 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> and the di-&longs;tance from the centre cometh forth le&longs;&longs;e than</cell><cell>7 <emph type="italics"/>&longs;emid.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The&longs;e are twelve indagations made by the Author at his electi&shy;

<lb/>on, among&longs;t many which, as he &longs;aith, might be made by combi&shy;

<lb/>ning the ob&longs;ervations of the&longs;e thirteen ob&longs;ervators. </s><s>The which 

<lb/>twelve we may believe to be the mo&longs;t favourable to prove his 

<lb/>intention.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I would know whether among&longs;t the &longs;o many other in&shy;

<lb/>dagations pretermitted by the Author, there were not &longs;ome that 

<lb/>made again&longs;t him, that is, from which calculating one might find 

<lb/>the new &longs;tar to have been above the Moon, as at the very fir&longs;t 

<lb/>&longs;ight I think we may rea&longs;onably que&longs;tion; in regard I &longs;ee the&longs;e 

<lb/>already produced to be &longs;o different from one another, that &longs;ome 

<lb/>of them give me the di&longs;tance of the &longs;aid &longs;tar from the Earth, 4, 6, 

<lb/>10, 100, a thou&longs;and, and an hundred thou&longs;and times bigger one 

<lb/>than another; &longs;o that I may well &longs;u&longs;pect that among&longs;t tho&longs;e that 

<lb/>he did not calculate, there was &longs;ome one in fauour of the adver&longs;e 

<lb/>party. </s><s>And I gue&longs;&longs;e this to be the more probable, for that I can&shy;

<lb/>not conceive that tho&longs;e A&longs;tronomers the ob&longs;ervators could want 

<lb/>the knowledg and practice of the&longs;e computations, which I think 

<lb/>do not depend upon the ab&longs;truce&longs;t things in the World. </s><s>And in&shy;

<lb/>deed it will &longs;eem to me a thing more than miraculous, if whil&longs;t in 

<lb/>the&longs;e twelve inve&longs;tigations onely, there are &longs;ome that make the 

<lb/>&longs;tar to be di&longs;tant from the Earth but a few miles, and others that 

<lb/>make it to be but a very fmall matter below the Moon, there are 

<lb/>none to be found that in favour of the contrary part do make it 

<lb/>&longs;o much as twenty yards above the Lunar Orb. </s><s>And that which 

<lb/>&longs;hall be yet again more extravagant, that all tho&longs;e A&longs;tronomers 

<lb/>&longs;hould have been &longs;o blind as not to have di&longs;covered that their &longs;o 

<lb/>apparent mi&longs;take.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Begin now to prepare your ears to hear with infinite 

<lb/>admiration to what exce&longs;&longs;es of confidence of ones own authority 

<lb/>and others folly, the de&longs;ire of contradicting and &longs;hewing ones 

<lb/>&longs;elf wi&longs;er than others, tran&longs;ports a man. </s><s>Among&longs;t the indaga&shy;

<lb/>tions omitted by the Author, there are &longs;uch to be found as make 

<lb/>the new &longs;tar not onely above the Moon, but above the fixed 

<lb/>&longs;tars al&longs;o. </s><s>And the&longs;e are not a few, but the greater part, as you 

<lb/>&longs;hall &longs;ee in this other paper, where I have &longs;et them down.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But what &longs;aith the Author to the&longs;e? </s><s>It may be he did 

<lb/>not think of them?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>He hath thought of them but too much: but &longs;aith, that 

<lb/>the ob&longs;ervations upon which the calculations make the &longs;tar to be 

<lb/>infinitely remote, are erroneous, and that they cannot be com&shy;

<lb/>bined to one another.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/268.jpg" pagenum="258"/><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But this &longs;eemeth to me a very lame eva&longs;ion; for the ad&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;e party may with as much rea&longs;on reply, that tho&longs;e are errone&shy;

<lb/>ous wherewith he collecteth the &longs;tar to have been in the Elemen&shy;

<lb/>tary Region.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Oh <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> if I could but make you comprehend 

<lb/>the craft, though no great craftine&longs;&longs;e of this Author, I &longs;hould 

<lb/>make you to wonder, and al&longs;o to be angry to &longs;ee how that he 

<lb/>palliating his &longs;agacity with the vail of the &longs;implicity of your &longs;elf; 

<lb/>and the re&longs;t of meer Philo&longs;ophers, would in&longs;inuate him&longs;elf into 

<lb/>your good opinion, by tickling your cars, and &longs;welling your am&shy;

<lb/>bition, pretending to have convinced and &longs;ilenced the&longs;e petty 

<lb/>A&longs;tronomers, who went about to a&longs;&longs;ault the impregnable inalte&shy;

<lb/>rability of the <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Heaven, and which is more, to have 

<lb/>foild and conquered them with their own arms. </s><s>I will try with all 

<lb/>my ability to do the &longs;ame; and in the mean time let <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>take it in good part, if <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> and I try his patience, perhaps 

<lb/>a little too much, whil&longs;t that with a &longs;uperfluous circumlocution 

<lb/>(&longs;uperfluous I &longs;ay to his mo&longs;t nimble apprehen&longs;ion) I go about to 

<lb/>make out a thing, which it is not convenient &longs;hould be hid and 

<lb/>unknown unto him.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I &longs;hall not onely without wearine&longs;&longs;e, but al&longs;o with 

<lb/>much delight hearken to your di&longs;cour&longs;es; and &longs;o ought all <emph type="italics"/>Peripa&shy;

<lb/>tetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Philo&longs;ophers, to the end they may know how much they 

<lb/>are oblieged to this their Protector.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Tell me, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> whether you do well comprehend, 

<lb/>how, the new &longs;tar being placed in the meridian circle yonder to&shy;

<lb/>wards the North, the &longs;ame to one that from the South &longs;hould 

<lb/>go towards the North, would &longs;eem to ri&longs;e higher and higher a&shy;

<lb/>bove the Horizon, as much as the Pole, although it &longs;hould have 

<lb/>been &longs;cituate among&longs;t the fixed &longs;tars; but, that in ca&longs;e it were 

<lb/>con&longs;iderably lower, that is nearer to the Earth, it would appear 

<lb/>to a&longs;cend more than the &longs;aid pole, and &longs;till more by how much 

<lb/>its vicinity was greater?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think that I do very well conceive the &longs;ame; in to&shy;

<lb/>ken whereof I will try if I can make a mathematical Scheme of 

<lb/>it, and in this great circle <emph type="italics"/>[in Fig. </s><s>1. of this Dialogue.]<emph.end type="italics"/> I will 

<lb/>marke the pole P; and in the&longs;e two lower circles I will note two 

<lb/>&longs;tars beheld from one place on the Earth, which let be A; and 

<lb/>let the two &longs;tars be the&longs;e B and C, beheld in the &longs;ame line A B C, 

<lb/>which line I prolong till it meet with a fixed &longs;tar in D. </s><s>And then 

<lb/>walking along the Earth, till I come to the term E, the two 

<lb/>&longs;tars will appear to me &longs;eparated from the fixed &longs;tar D, and ad&shy;

<lb/>vanced neerer to the pole P, and the lower &longs;tar B more, which 

<lb/>will appear to me in G, and the &longs;tar C le&longs;&longs;e, which will ap 

<lb/>pear to me in F, but the fixed &longs;tar D will have kept the &longs;ame 

<lb/>di&longs;tance from the Pole.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/269.jpg" pagenum="259"/><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I &longs;ee that you under&longs;tand the bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e very well. </s><s>I be&shy;

<lb/>lieve that you do likewi&longs;e comprehend, that, in regard the &longs;tar B 

<lb/>is lower than C, the angle which is made by the rayes of the 

<lb/>&longs;ight, which departing from the two places A and E, meet in C, 

<lb/>to wit, this angle A C E, is more narrow, or if we will &longs;ay more 

<lb/>acute than the angle con&longs;tituted in B, by the rayes A B and 

<lb/>E <emph type="italics"/>B.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This I likewi&longs;e under&longs;tand very well.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And al&longs;o, the Earth beine very little and almo&longs;t in&longs;en&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ible, in re&longs;pect of the Firmament <emph type="italics"/>(or Starry Sphere<emph.end type="italics"/>;) and con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;equently the &longs;pace A E, paced on the Earth, being very &longs;mall in 

<lb/>compari&longs;on of the immen&longs;e length of the lines E G and E F, pa&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ing from the Earth unto the Firmament, you thereby collect that 

<lb/>the &longs;tar C might ri&longs;e and a&longs;cend &longs;o much and &longs;o much above the 

<lb/>Earth, that the angle therein made by the rayes which depart 

<lb/>from the &longs;aid &longs;tationary points A and E, might become mo&longs;t a&shy;

<lb/>cute, and as it were ab&longs;olutely null and in&longs;en&longs;ible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>And this al&longs;o is mo&longs;t manife&longs;t to &longs;en&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now you know <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> that A&longs;tronomers and Ma&shy;

<lb/>thematicians have found infallible rules by way of Geometry and 

<lb/>Arithmetick, to be able by help of the quantity of the&longs;e angles 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>B<emph.end type="italics"/> and C, and of their differences, with the additional knowledg 

<lb/>of the di&longs;tance of the two places A and E, to find to a foot the 

<lb/>remotene&longs;&longs;e of &longs;ublime bodies; provided alwayes that the afore&shy;

<lb/>&longs;aid di&longs;tance, and angles be exactly taken.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>So that if the Rules dependent on <emph type="italics"/>Geometry<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tro&shy;

<lb/>nomy<emph.end type="italics"/> be true, all the fallacies and errours that might be met with 

<lb/>in attempting to inve&longs;tigate tho&longs;e altitudes of new Stars or Co&shy;

<lb/>mets, or other things mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity depend on the di&longs;tance A E, 

<lb/>and on the angles B and C, not well mea&longs;ured. </s><s>And thus all tho&longs;e 

<lb/>differences which are found in the&longs;e twelve workings depend, not 

<lb/>on the de&longs;ects of the rules of the Calculations, but on the errours 

<lb/>committed in finding out tho&longs;e angles, and tho&longs;e di&longs;tances, by means 

<lb/>of the In&longs;trumental Ob&longs;ervations.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. True; and of this there is no doubt to be made. </s><s>Now 

<lb/>it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that you ob&longs;erve inten&longs;ely, how in removing the Star 

<lb/>from B to C, whereupon the angle alwayes grows more acute, the 

<lb/>ray E B G goeth farther and farther off from the ray A B D in 

<lb/>the part beneath the angle, as you may &longs;ee in the line E C F, 

<lb/>who&longs;e inferiour part E C is more remote from the part A C, than 

<lb/>is the part E B, but it can never happen, that by any what&longs;oever 

<lb/>immen&longs;e rece&longs;&longs;ion, the lines A D and E F &longs;hould totally &longs;ever from 

<lb/>each other, they being finally to go and conjoyn in the Star: and 

<lb/>onely this may be &longs;aid, that they would &longs;eparate, and reduce them&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elves to parallels, if &longs;o be the rece&longs;&longs;ion &longs;hould be infinite, which 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/270.jpg" pagenum="260"/>ca&longs;e is not to be &longs;uppo&longs;ed. </s><s>But becau&longs;e (ob&longs;erve well) the di&longs;tance 

<lb/>of the Firmament, in relation to the &longs;mallne&longs;&longs;e of the Earth, as 

<lb/>hath been &longs;aid, is to be accounted, as if it were infinite; therefore 

<lb/>the angle conteined betwixt the two rayes, that being drawn from 

<lb/>the points A and E, go to determine in a fixed Star, is e&longs;teemed 

<lb/>nothing, and tho&longs;e rayes held to be two parallel lines; and there&shy;

<lb/>fore it is concluded, that then only may the New Star be affirmed 

<lb/>to have been in the Firmament, when from the collating of the 

<lb/>Ob&longs;ervations made in divers places, the &longs;aid angle is, by calcula&shy;

<lb/>tion, gathered to be in&longs;en&longs;ible, and the lines, as it were, parallels. 

<lb/></s><s>But if the angle be of a con&longs;iderable quantity, the New Star mu&longs;t 

<lb/>of nece&longs;&longs;ity be lower than tho&longs;e fixed; and al&longs;o than the Moon, in 

<lb/>ca&longs;e the angle A B E &longs;hould be greater than that which would be 

<lb/>made in the Moons centre.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Then the remotene&longs;&longs;e of the Moon is not &longs;o great, that 

<lb/>a like angle &longs;hould be ^{*}in&longs;en&longs;ible in her?

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg511"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg511"></margin.target>* Imperceptible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>No Sir; nay it is &longs;en&longs;ible, not onely in the Moon, but 

<lb/>in the Sun al&longs;o.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But if this be &longs;o, it's po&longs;&longs;ible that the &longs;aid angle may 

<lb/>be ob&longs;erved in the New Star, without nece&longs;&longs;itating it to be inferi&shy;

<lb/>our to the Sun, a&longs;well as to the Moon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This may very well be, yea, and is in the pre&longs;ent ca&longs;e, 

<lb/>as you &longs;hall &longs;ee in due place; that is, when I &longs;hall have made plain 

<lb/>the way, in &longs;uch manner that you al&longs;o, though not very perfect in 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomical<emph.end type="italics"/> calculations, may clearly &longs;ee, and, as it were, with 

<lb/>your hands feel how that this Authour had it more in his eye to 

<lb/>write in complacency of the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks,<emph.end type="italics"/> by palliating and di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;embling &longs;undry things, than to e&longs;tabli&longs;h the truth, by producing 

<lb/>them with naked &longs;incerity: therefore let us proceed forwards. </s><s>By 

<lb/>the things hitherto &longs;poken, I &longs;uppo&longs;e that you comprehend very 

<lb/>well how that the di&longs;tance of the new Star can never be 

<lb/>made &longs;o immen&longs;e, that the angle &longs;o often named &longs;hall wholly di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>appear, and that the two rayes of the Ob&longs;ervators at the places 

<lb/>A and E, &longs;hall become altogether parallels: and you may con&longs;e&shy;

<lb/>quently comprehend to the full, that if the calculations &longs;hould 

<lb/>collect from the ob&longs;ervations, that that angle was totally null, or 

<lb/>that the lines were truly parallels, we &longs;hould be certain that the 

<lb/>ob&longs;ervations were at lea&longs;t in &longs;ome &longs;mall particular erroneous: 

<lb/>But, if the calculations &longs;hould give us the &longs;aid lines to be &longs;epara&shy;

<lb/>ted not only to equidi&longs;tance, that is, &longs;o as to be parallel, but to 

<lb/>have pa&longs;t beyond that terme, and to be dilated more above than 

<lb/>below, then mu&longs;t it be re&longs;olutely concluded, that the ob&longs;ervations 

<lb/>were made with le&longs;&longs;e accuratene&longs;&longs;e, and in a word, to be errone&shy;

<lb/>ous; as leading us to a manife&longs;t impo&longs;&longs;ibility. </s><s>In the next place, 

<lb/>you mu&longs;t believe me, and &longs;uppo&longs;e it for true, that two right lines 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/271.jpg" pagenum="261"/>which depart from two points marked upon another right line, are 

<lb/>then wider above than below, when the angles included between 

<lb/>them upon that right line are greater than two right angles; and 

<lb/>if the&longs;e angles &longs;hould be equal to two right angles, the lines would 

<lb/>be parallels; but if they were le&longs;s than two right angles, the lines 

<lb/>would be concurrent, and being continued out would undoubted&shy;

<lb/>ly inter&longs;ect the triangle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Without taking it upon tru&longs;t from you, I know the 

<lb/>&longs;ame; and am not &longs;o very naked of <emph type="italics"/>Geometry,<emph.end type="italics"/> as not to know a 

<lb/>Propo&longs;ition, which I have had occa&longs;ion of reading very often in 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> that is, that the three angles of all triangles are equall to 

<lb/>two right angles: &longs;o that if I take in my Figure the triangle ABE, 

<lb/>it being &longs;uppo&longs;ed that the line E A is right; I very well conceive, 

<lb/>that its three angles A, E, B, are equal to two right angles; and 

<lb/>that con&longs;equently the two angles E and A are le&longs;&longs;e than two right 

<lb/>angles, &longs;o much as is the angle B. </s><s>Whereupon widening the lines 

<lb/>A B and E B (&longs;till keeping them from moving out of the points A 

<lb/>and E) untill that the angle conteined by them towards the parts 

<lb/>B, di&longs;appear, the two angles beneath &longs;hall be equal to two right 

<lb/>angles, and tho&longs;e lines &longs;hall be reduced to parallels: and if one 

<lb/>&longs;hould proceed to enlarge them yet more, the angles at the points 

<lb/>E and A would become greater than two right angles.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You are an <emph type="italics"/>Archimedes,<emph.end type="italics"/> and have freed me from the 

<lb/>expence of more words in declaring to you, that when&longs;oever the 

<lb/>calculations make the two angles A and E to be greater than two 

<lb/>right angles, the ob&longs;ervations without more adoe will prove erro&shy;

<lb/>neous. </s><s>This is that which I had a de&longs;ire that you &longs;hould perfect&shy;

<lb/>ly under&longs;tand, and which I doubted that I was not able &longs;o to make 

<lb/>out, as that a meer <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Philo&longs;opher might attain to the 

<lb/>certain knowledg thereof. </s><s>Now let us go on to what remains. 

<lb/></s><s>And re-a&longs;&longs;uming that which even now you granted me, namely, 

<lb/>that the new &longs;tar could not po&longs;&longs;ibly be in many places, but in one 

<lb/>alone, when ever the &longs;upputations made upon the ob&longs;ervations of 

<lb/>the&longs;e A&longs;tronomers do not a&longs;&longs;ign it the &longs;ame place, its nece&longs;&longs;ary 

<lb/>that it be an errour in the ob&longs;ervations, that is, either in taking the 

<lb/>altitudes of the pole, or in taking the elevations of the &longs;tar, or in 

<lb/>the one or other working. </s><s>Now for that in the many workings 

<lb/>made with the combinations two by two, there are very few of 

<lb/>the ob&longs;ervations that do agree to place the &longs;tar in the &longs;ame &longs;itua&shy;

<lb/>tion; therefore the&longs;e few onely may happily be the non-errone&shy;

<lb/>ous, but the others are all ab&longs;olutely fal&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It will be nece&longs;&longs;ary then to give more credit to the&longs;e 

<lb/>few alone, than to all the re&longs;t together, and becau&longs;e you &longs;ay, 

<lb/>that the&longs;e which accord are very few, and I among&longs;t the&longs;e 12, 

<lb/>do find two that &longs;o accord, which both make the di&longs;tance of the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/272.jpg" pagenum="262"/>&longs;tar from the centre of the Earth 4 &longs;emidiameters, which are the&longs;e, 

<lb/>the fifth and &longs;ixth, therefore it is more probable that the new &longs;tar 

<lb/>was elementary, than cele&longs;tial.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You mi&longs;take the point; for if you note well it was not 

<lb/>written, that the di&longs;tance was exactly 4 &longs;emidiameters, but about 

<lb/>4 &longs;emidiameters; and yet you &longs;hall &longs;ee that tho&longs;e two di&longs;tances 

<lb/>differed from each other many hundreds of miles. </s><s>Here they are; 

<lb/>you &longs;ee that this fifth, which is 13389 <emph type="italics"/>Italian<emph.end type="italics"/> miles, exceeds the 

<lb/>&longs;ixth, which is 13100 miles, by almo&longs;t 300 miles.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Which then are tho&longs;e few that agree in placing the &longs;tar 

<lb/>in the &longs;ame &longs;ituation?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>They are, to the di&longs;grace of this Author five workings, 

<lb/>which all place it in the firmament, as you &longs;hall &longs;ee in this note, 

<lb/>where I have &longs;et down many other combinations. </s><s>But I will grant 

<lb/>the Author more than peradventure he would demand of me, which 

<lb/>is in &longs;um, that in each combination of the ob&longs;ervations there is 

<lb/>&longs;ome error; which I believe to be ab&longs;olutely nece&longs;&longs;ary; for the 

<lb/>ob&longs;ervations being four in number that &longs;erve for one working, 

<lb/>that is, two different altitudes of the Pole, and two different eleva&shy;

<lb/>tions of the &longs;tar, made by different ob&longs;ervers, in different pla&shy;

<lb/>ces, with different in&longs;truments, who ever hath any &longs;mall know&shy;</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg512"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ledg of this art, will &longs;ay, that among&longs;t all the four, it is impo&longs;&longs;ible 

<lb/>but there will be &longs;ome error; and e&longs;pecially &longs;ince we &longs;ee that in 

<lb/>taking but one onely altitude of the Pole, with the &longs;ame in&longs;tru&shy;

<lb/>ment, in the &longs;ame place, by the &longs;ame ob&longs;erver, that hath re&shy;

<lb/>peated the ob&longs;ervation a thou&longs;and times, there will &longs;till be a titu&shy;

<lb/>bation of one, or &longs;ometimes of many minutes, as in this &longs;ame 

<lb/>book you may &longs;ee in &longs;everal places. </s><s>The&longs;e things pre&longs;uppo&longs;ed, 

<lb/>I ask you <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> whether you believe that this Authour held 

<lb/>the&longs;e thirteen ob&longs;ervators for wi&longs;e, under&longs;tanding and expert men 

<lb/>in u&longs;ing tho&longs;e in&longs;truments, or el&longs;e for inexpert, and bunglers?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg512"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomical In&shy;

<lb/>struments are very 

<lb/>&longs;ubject to errour.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It mu&longs;t needs be that he e&longs;teemed them very acute and 

<lb/>intelligent; for if he had thought them unskilful in the bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e, 

<lb/>he might have omitted his &longs;ixth book as inconclu&longs;ive, as being 

<lb/>founded upon &longs;uppo&longs;itions very erroneous; and might take us for 

<lb/>exce&longs;&longs;ively &longs;imple, if he &longs;hould think he could with their inex&shy;

<lb/>pertne&longs;&longs;e per&longs;wade us to believe a fal&longs;e po&longs;ition of his for truth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore the&longs;e ob&longs;ervators being &longs;uch, and that yet 

<lb/>notwith&longs;tanding they did erre, and &longs;o con&longs;equently needed cor&shy;

<lb/>rection, that &longs;o one might from their ob&longs;ervations infer the 

<lb/>be&longs;t hints that may be; it is convenient that we apply unto them 

<lb/>the lea&longs;t and neere&longs;t emendations and corrections that may be; 

<lb/>&longs;o that they do but &longs;uffice to reduce the ob&longs;ervations from impo&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ibility to po&longs;&longs;ibility; &longs;o as <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> if one may but correct a mani&shy;

<lb/>fe&longs;t errour, and an apparent impo&longs;&longs;ibility of one of their ob&longs;er&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/273.jpg" pagenum="263"/>vations by the addition or &longs;ub&longs;traction of two or three minutes, and 

<lb/>with that amendment to reduce it to po&longs;&longs;ibility, a man ought 

<lb/>not to e&longs;&longs;ay to adju&longs;t it by the addition or &longs;ub&longs;traction of fifteen, 

<lb/>twenty, or fifty.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think the Authour would not deny this: for granting 

<lb/>that they are expert and judicious men, it ought to be thought that 

<lb/>they did rather erre little than much.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Ob&longs;erve again; The places where the new Star is pla&shy;

<lb/>ced, are &longs;ome of them manife&longs;tly impo&longs;&longs;ible, and others po&longs;&longs;ible. 

<lb/></s><s>Ab&longs;olutely impo&longs;&longs;ible it is, that it &longs;hould be an infinite &longs;pace &longs;upe&shy;

<lb/>riour to the fixed Stars, for there is no &longs;uch place in the world; 

<lb/>and if there were, the Star there &longs;cituate would have been imper&shy;

<lb/>ceptible to us: it is al&longs;o impo&longs;&longs;ible that it &longs;hould go creeping along 

<lb/>the &longs;uperficies of the Earth; and much le&longs;&longs;e that it &longs;hould be 

<lb/>within the &longs;aid Terre&longs;trial Globe. </s><s>Places po&longs;&longs;ible are the&longs;e that 

<lb/>be in controver&longs;ie, it not interferring with our under&longs;tanding, that 

<lb/>a vi&longs;ible object in the likene&longs;&longs;e of a Star might be a&longs;well above the 

<lb/>Moon, as below it. </s><s>Now whil&longs;t one goeth about to compute by 

<lb/>the way of Ob&longs;ervations and Calculations made with the utmo&longs;t 

<lb/>certainty that humane diligence can attain unto what its place was, 

<lb/>it is found that the greate&longs;t part of tho&longs;e Calculations make it 

<lb/>more than infinitely &longs;uperiour to the Firmament, others make it 

<lb/>very neer to the &longs;urface of the Earth, and &longs;ome al&longs;o under the 

<lb/>&longs;ame; and of the re&longs;t, which place it in &longs;ituations not impo&longs;&longs;ible, 

<lb/>none of them agree with each other; in&longs;omuch that it mu&longs;t be 

<lb/>confe&longs;&longs;ed, that all tho&longs;e ob&longs;ervations are nece&longs;&longs;arily fal&longs;e; &longs;o that 

<lb/>if we would neverthele&longs;s collect &longs;ome fruit from &longs;o many laborious 

<lb/>calculations, we mu&longs;t have recour&longs;e to the corrections, amending 

<lb/>all the ob&longs;ervations.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But the Authour will &longs;ay, that of the ob&longs;ervations that 

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;ign to the Star impo&longs;&longs;ible places, there ought no account to be 

<lb/>made, as being extreamly erroneous and fal&longs;e; and tho&longs;e onely 

<lb/>ought to be accepted, that con&longs;titute it in places not impo&longs;&longs;ible: 

<lb/>and among&longs;t the&longs;e a man ought to &longs;eek, by help of the mo&longs;t pro&shy;

<lb/>bable, and mo&longs;t numerous concurrences, not if the particular and 

<lb/>exact &longs;ituation, that is, its true di&longs;tance from the centre of the 

<lb/>Earth, at lea&longs;t, whether it was among&longs;t the Elements, or el&longs;e a&shy;

<lb/>mong&longs;t the C&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The di&longs;cour&longs;e which you now make, is the &longs;elf &longs;ame 

<lb/>that the Author made, in favour of his cau&longs;e, but with too unrea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;onable a di&longs;advantage to his adver&longs;aries; and this is that princi&shy;

<lb/>pal point that hath made me exce&longs;&longs;ively to wonder at the too great 

<lb/>confidence that he expre&longs;&longs;ed to have, no le&longs;s of his own authority, 

<lb/>than of the blindne&longs;s and inadvertency of the A&longs;tronomers; in 

<lb/>favour of whom I will &longs;peak, and you &longs;hall an&longs;wer for the Author. 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/274.jpg" pagenum="264"/>And fir&longs;t, I ask you, whether the A&longs;tronomers, in ob&longs;erving with 

<lb/>their In&longs;truments, and &longs;eeking <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> how great the elevation of a 

<lb/>Star is above the Horizon, may deviate from the truth, a&longs;well in 

<lb/>making it too great, as too little; that is, may erroneou&longs;ly com&shy;

<lb/>pute, that it is &longs;ometime higher than the truth, and &longs;ometimes low&shy;

<lb/>er; or el&longs;e whether the errour mu&longs;t needs be alwayes of one 

<lb/>kinde, to wit, that erring they alwayes make it too much, and ne&shy;

<lb/>ver too little, or alwayes too little, and never too much?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I doubt not, but that it is as ea&longs;ie to commit an errour 

<lb/>the one way, as the other.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I believe the Author would an&longs;wer the &longs;ame. </s><s>Now of 

<lb/>the&longs;e two kinds of errours, which are contraries, and into which the 

<lb/>ob&longs;ervators of the new &longs;tar may equally have fallen, applied to 

<lb/>calculations, one &longs;ort will make the &longs;tar higher, and the other lower 

<lb/>than really it is. </s><s>And becau&longs;e we have already agreed, that all 

<lb/>the ob&longs;ervations are fal&longs;e; upon what ground would this Au&shy;

<lb/>thor have us to accept tho&longs;e for mo&longs;t congruous with the truth, 

<lb/>that &longs;hew the &longs;tar to have been near at hand, than the others that 

<lb/>&longs;hew it exce&longs;&longs;ively remote?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>By what I have, as yet, collected of the Authors mind, 

<lb/>I &longs;ee not that he doth refu&longs;e tho&longs;e ob&longs;ervations, and indagations 

<lb/>that might make the &longs;tar more remote than the Moon, and al&longs;o 

<lb/>than the Sun, but only tho&longs;e that make it remote (as you your &longs;elf 

<lb/>have &longs;aid) more than an infinite di&longs;tance; the which di&longs;tance, be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e you al&longs;o do refu&longs;e it as impo&longs;&longs;ible, he al&longs;o pa&longs;&longs;eth over, as 

<lb/>being convicted of infinite fal&longs;hood; as al&longs;o tho&longs;e ob&longs;ervations 

<lb/>are of impo&longs;&longs;ibility. </s><s>Methinks, therefore, that if you would con&shy;

<lb/>vince the Author, you ought to produce &longs;upputations, more exact, 

<lb/>or more in number, or of more diligent ob&longs;ervers, which con&longs;titute 

<lb/>the &longs;tar in &longs;uch and &longs;uch a di&longs;tance above the Moon, or above the 

<lb/>Sun, and to be brief, in a place po&longs;&longs;ible for it to be in, like as he 

<lb/>produceth the&longs;e twelve, which all place the &longs;tar beneath the Moon 

<lb/>in places that have a being in the world, and where it is po&longs;&longs;ible for 

<lb/>it to be.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> yours and the Authors Equivocation 

<lb/>lyeth in this, yours in one re&longs;pect, and the Authors in another; I 

<lb/>di&longs;cover by your &longs;peech that you have formed a conceit to your 

<lb/>&longs;elf, that the exorbitancies that are commited in the e&longs;tabli&longs;hing 

<lb/>the di&longs;tance of the Star do encrea&longs;e &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively, according to the 

<lb/>proportion of the errors that are made by the In&longs;trument, in tak&shy;

<lb/>ing the ob&longs;ervations, and that by conver&longs;ion, from the greatne&longs;s 

<lb/>of the exorbitancies, may be argued the greatne&longs;&longs;e of the error; 

<lb/>and that thereforefore hearing it to be infered from &longs;uch an ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>vation, that the di&longs;tance of the &longs;tar is infinite, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that 

<lb/>the errour in ob&longs;erving was infinite, and therefore not to be amend&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/275.jpg" pagenum="265"/>ed, and as &longs;uch to be refu&longs;ed; but the bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e doth not &longs;ucceed 

<lb/>in that manner, my <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> and I excu&longs;e you for not having 

<lb/>comprehended the matter as it is, in regard of your &longs;mall experi&shy;

<lb/>ence in &longs;uch affairs; but yet cannot I under that cloak palliate the 

<lb/>error of the Author, who di&longs;&longs;embling the knowledge of this which 

<lb/>he did per&longs;wade him&longs;elf that we in good earne&longs;t did not under&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tand, hath hoped to make u&longs;e of our ignorance, to gain the bet&shy;

<lb/>ter credit to his Doctrine, among the multitude of illiterate men. 

<lb/></s><s>Therefore for an adverti&longs;ement to tho&longs;e who are more credulous 

<lb/>then intelligent, and to recover you from error, know that its po&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ible (and that for the mo&longs;t part it will come to pa&longs;&longs;e) that an 

<lb/>ob&longs;ervation, that giveth you the &longs;tar <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> at the di&longs;tance of <emph type="italics"/>Sa&shy;

<lb/>turn,<emph.end type="italics"/> by the adition or &longs;ub&longs;traction of but one &longs;ole minute from 

<lb/>the elevation taken with the in&longs;trument, &longs;hall make it to become 

<lb/>infinitely di&longs;tant; and therefore of po&longs;&longs;ible, impo&longs;&longs;ible, and by 

<lb/>conver&longs;ion, tho&longs;e calculations which being grounded upon tho&longs;e 

<lb/>ob&longs;ervations, make the &longs;tar infinitely remote, may po&longs;&longs;ibly often&shy;

<lb/>times with the addition or &longs;ubduction of one &longs;ole minute, reduce it 

<lb/>to a po&longs;&longs;ible &longs;cituation: and this which I &longs;ay of a minute, may al&shy;

<lb/>&longs;o happen in the correction of half a minute, a &longs;ixth part, and le&longs;s. 

<lb/></s><s>Now fix it well in your mind, that in the highe&longs;t di&longs;tances, that is 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> the height of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> or that of the fixed Stars, very &longs;mall 

<lb/>errors made by the Ob&longs;ervator, with the in&longs;trument, render the 

<lb/>&longs;cituation determinate and po&longs;&longs;ible, infinite &amp; impo&longs;&longs;ible. </s><s>This doth 

<lb/>not &longs;o evene in the &longs;ublunary di&longs;tances, and near the earth, where 

<lb/>it may happen that the ob&longs;ervation by which the Star is collected to 

<lb/>be remote <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> 4. Semidiameters terre&longs;trial, may encrea&longs;e or dimi&shy;

<lb/>ni&longs;h, not onely one minute but ten, and an hundred, and many 

<lb/>more, without being rendred by the calculation either infinitely 

<lb/>remote, or &longs;o much as &longs;uperior to the Moon. </s><s>You may hence 

<lb/>comprehend that the greatne&longs;&longs;e of the error (to &longs;o &longs;peak) in&longs;tru&shy;

<lb/>mental, are not to be valued by the event of the calculation, but 

<lb/>by the quantity it &longs;elf of degrees and minutes numbred upon the 

<lb/>in&longs;trument, and the&longs;e ob&longs;ervations are to be called more ju&longs;t or 

<lb/>le&longs;s erroneous, which with the addition or &longs;ub&longs;traction of fewer 

<lb/>minutes, re&longs;tore the &longs;tar to a po&longs;&longs;ible &longs;ituation; and among&longs;t the 

<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible places, the true one may be believed to have been that, a&shy;

<lb/>bout which a greater number of di&longs;tances concurre upon calcula&shy;

<lb/>ting the more exact ob&longs;ervations.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I do not very well apprehend this which you &longs;ay: nor 

<lb/>can I of my &longs;elf conceive how it can be, that in greater di&longs;tances, 

<lb/>greater exorbitancies can ari&longs;e from the errour of one minute only, 

<lb/>than in the &longs;maller from ten or an hundred; and therefore would 

<lb/>gladly under&longs;tand the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You &longs;hall &longs;ee it, if not Theorically, yet at lea&longs;t Practi&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/276.jpg" pagenum="266"/>cally, by this &longs;hort a&longs;&longs;umption, that I have made of all the combi&shy;

<lb/>nations, and of part of the workings pretermitted by the Author, 

<lb/>which I have calculated upon this &longs;ame paper.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You mu&longs;t then from ye&longs;terday, till now, which yet is 

<lb/>not above eighteen hours, have done nothing but compute, with&shy;

<lb/>out taking either food or &longs;leep.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have refre&longs;hed my &longs;elf both tho&longs;e wayes; but truth is, 

<lb/>make the&longs;e &longs;upputations with great brevity; and, if I may &longs;peak 

<lb/>the truth, I have much admired, that this Author goeth &longs;o farre a&shy;

<lb/>bout, and introduceth &longs;o many computations no wi&longs;e nece&longs;sary to 

<lb/>the que&longs;tion in di&longs;pute. </s><s>And for a full knowledge of this, and al&shy;

<lb/>&longs;o to the end it may &longs;oon be &longs;een, how that from the ob&longs;ervations 

<lb/>of the A&longs;tronomers, whereof this Author makes u&longs;e, it is more pro&shy;

<lb/>bably gathered, that the new &longs;tar might have been above the 

<lb/>Moon, and al&longs;o above all the Planets, yea among&longs;t the fixed &longs;tars, 

<lb/>and yet higher &longs;till than they, I have tran&longs;cribed upon this paper 

<lb/>all the ob&longs;ervations &longs;et down by the &longs;aid Authour, which were 

<lb/>made by thirteen A&longs;tronomers, wherein are noted the Polar alti&shy;

<lb/>tude, and the altitudes of the &longs;tar in the meridian, a&longs;well the 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;er under the Pole, as the greater and higher, and they are 

<lb/>the&longs;e.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table2"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table3"></arrow.to.target>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/277.jpg" pagenum="267"/><arrow.to.target n="table4"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table5"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table6"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table7"></arrow.to.target></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/278.jpg" pagenum="268"/><table><table.target id="table2"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>Tycho.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the Pole</cell><cell>55</cell><cell>58</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the Star</cell><cell>84</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>the greate&longs;t.</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>27</cell><cell>57</cell><cell>the lea&longs;t.</cell></row><row><cell>And the&longs;e are, according to   the fir&longs;t paper: but accor-ding to the &longs;econd, the   greate&longs;t is ------------</cell><cell>27</cell><cell>45</cell><cell></cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table3"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>Hainzelius.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the Pole</cell><cell>48</cell><cell>22</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the Star</cell><cell>76</cell><cell>34</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>76</cell><cell>33</cell><cell>45</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>76</cell><cell>35</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>20</cell><cell>09</cell><cell>40</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>20</cell><cell>09</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>20</cell><cell>09</cell><cell>20</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table4"></table.target><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Peucerus<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Sculerus.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>Landgravius.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>54</cell><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>18</cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the Star</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>56</cell><cell>Altitude of the Star</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>23</cell><cell>33</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table5"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>Camerarius.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>52</cell><cell>24</cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the Star</cell><cell>80</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>80</cell><cell>27</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>80</cell><cell>26</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>24</cell><cell>28</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>24</cell><cell>20</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>24</cell><cell>17</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table6"></table.target><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Hagecius<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>Maurolycus.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>48</cell><cell>22</cell><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>38</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the Star</cell><cell>20</cell><cell>15</cell><cell>Altitude of the Star</cell><cell>62</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Munocius.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>Vr&longs;inus.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>39</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>49</cell><cell>24</cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the &longs;tar</cell><cell>67</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>Altitude of the &longs;tar</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>11</cell><cell>30</cell><cell></cell><cell>22</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Reinholdus.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>Buchius.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>18</cell><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>10</cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the &longs;tar</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>Altitude of the &longs;tar</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>20</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>23</cell><cell>02</cell><cell></cell><cell>22</cell><cell>40</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table7"></table.target><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Gemma.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>50</cell><cell>50</cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the &longs;tar</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>45</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Now to &longs;ee my whole proceeding, we may begin from the&longs;e 

<lb/>calculations, which are four, omitted by the Author, perhaps be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e they make again&longs;t him, in regard they place the &longs;tar above 

<lb/>the moon by many &longs;emidiameters of the Earth. </s><s>The fir&longs;t of 

<lb/>which is this, computed upon the ob&longs;ervations of the Landgrave of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ha&longs;&longs;ia,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/>; which are, even by the Authors conce&longs;&longs;ion, 

<lb/>two of the mo&longs;t exact ob&longs;ervers: and in this fir&longs;t, I will declare 

<lb/>the order that I hold in the working; which &longs;hall &longs;erve for all the 

<lb/>re&longs;t, in that they are all made by the &longs;ame rule, not varying in any 

<lb/>thing, &longs;ave in the quantity of the given &longs;ummes, that is, in the 

<lb/>number of the degrees of the Poles altitude, and of the new Stars 

<lb/>elevation above the Horizon, the di&longs;tance of which from the cen&shy;

<lb/>tre of the Earth, in proportion to the &longs;emidiameter of the terre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trial Globe is &longs;ought, touching which it nothing imports in this 

<lb/>ca&longs;e, to know how many miles that &longs;emidiameter conteineth; 

<lb/>whereupon the re&longs;olving that, and the di&longs;tance of places where 

<lb/>the ob&longs;ervations were made, as this Author doth, is but time and 

<lb/>labour lo&longs;t; nor do I know why he hath made the &longs;ame, and e&longs;pe&shy;

<lb/>cially why at the la&longs;t he goeth about to reduce the miles found, in&shy;

<lb/>to &longs;emidiameters of the Terre&longs;trial Globe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Perhaps he doth this to finde with &longs;uch &longs;mall mea&longs;ures, 

<lb/>and with their fractions the di&longs;tance of the Star terminated to three 

<lb/>or four inches; for we that do not under&longs;tand your rules of Arith&shy;

<lb/>metick, are &longs;tupified in hearing your conclu&longs;ions; as for in&longs;tance, 

<lb/>whil&longs;t we read; Therefore the new Star or Comet was di&longs;tant 

<lb/>from the Earths centre three hundred &longs;eventy and three thou&longs;and 

<lb/>eight hundred and &longs;even miles; and moreover, two hundred and 

<lb/>eleven, four chou&longs;and ninety &longs;evenths 373807 211/4097, and upon the&longs;e 

<lb/>preci&longs;e punctualities, wherein you take notice of &longs;uch &longs;mall mat&shy;

<lb/>ters, we do conceive it to be impo&longs;&longs;ible, that you, who in our cal&shy;

<lb/>culations keep an account of an inch, can at the clo&longs;e deceive us &longs;o 

<lb/>much as an hundred miles.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This your rea&longs;on and excu&longs;e would pa&longs;&longs;e for currant, 

<lb/>if in a di&longs;tance of thou&longs;ands of miles, a yard over or under were 

<lb/>of any great moment, and if the &longs;uppo&longs;itions that we take for 

<lb/>true, were &longs;o certain, as that they could a&longs;&longs;ure us of producing an 

<lb/>indubitable truth in the conclu&longs;ion; but here you &longs;ee in the twelve 

<lb/>workings of the Author, the di&longs;tances of the Star, which from 

<lb/>them one may conclude to have been different from each other, 

<lb/>(and therefore wide of the truth) for many hundreds and thou&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ands of miles: now whil&longs;t that I am more than certain, that that 

<lb/>which I &longs;eek mu&longs;t needs differ from the truth by hundreds of miles, 

<lb/>to what purpp&longs;e is it to be &longs;o curious in our calculations, for fear 

<lb/>of mi&longs;&longs;ing the quantity of an inch? </s><s>But let us proceed, at la&longs;t, 

<lb/>to the working, which I re&longs;olve in this manner. <emph type="italics"/>Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> as may be 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/279.jpg" pagenum="269"/>&longs;een in that &longs;ame note ob&longs;erved the &longs;tar in the polar altitude of 55 

<lb/>degrees and 58 <emph type="italics"/>mi. </s><s>pri.<emph.end type="italics"/> And the polar altitude of the <emph type="italics"/>Landgrave<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>was 51 degrees and 18 <emph type="italics"/>mi. </s><s>pri.<emph.end type="italics"/> The altitude of the &longs;tar in the Me&shy;

<lb/>ridian taken by <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> was 27 degrees 45 <emph type="italics"/>mi. </s><s>pri.<emph.end type="italics"/> The <emph type="italics"/>Land&shy;

<lb/>grave<emph.end type="italics"/> found its altitude 23 degrees 3 <emph type="italics"/>mi. </s><s>pri.<emph.end type="italics"/> The which altitudes 

<lb/>are the&longs;e noted here, as you &longs;ee.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table8"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table8"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> Pole</cell><cell>55</cell><cell>58</cell><cell>* 27</cell><cell>45</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Landgr.<emph.end type="italics"/> Pole</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>18</cell><cell>* 23</cell><cell>3</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>This done, &longs;ub&longs;tract the le&longs;&longs;e from the greater, and there remains 

<lb/>the&longs;e differences here underneath.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table9"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table9"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell>40</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell>42</cell></row><row><cell>Parall.</cell><cell></cell><cell>2</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Where the difference of the poles altitudes 4 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>4 mi. </s><s>pr.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>is le&longs;&longs;e than the difference of the altitudes of the Star 4 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>42 mi. 

<lb/></s><s>pr.<emph.end type="italics"/> and therefore we have the difference of parallaxes, 0 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>2 mi. 

<lb/></s><s>pri.<emph.end type="italics"/> The&longs;e things being found, take the Authours own figure 

<lb/>[<emph type="italics"/>Fig. </s><s>2.<emph.end type="italics"/>] in which the point B is the &longs;tation of the <emph type="italics"/>Landgrave,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>D the &longs;tation of <emph type="italics"/>Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> C the place of the &longs;tar, A the centre 

<lb/>of the Earth, A B E the vertical line of the <emph type="italics"/>Landgrave,<emph.end type="italics"/> A D F 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table10"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table11"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table12"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> and the angle B C D the difference of Parallaxes. </s><s>And 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/280.jpg" pagenum="270"/>becau&longs;e the angle B A D, conteined between the vertical lines, is 

<lb/>equal to the difference of the Polar altitudes, it &longs;hall be 4<emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>40m.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>which I note here apart; and I finde the chord of it by the Table 

<lb/>of Arches and Chords, and &longs;et it down neer unto it, which is 8142 

<lb/>parts, of which the &longs;emidiameter A B is 100000. Next, I finde 

<lb/>the angle B D C with ea&longs;e, for the half of the angle B A D, which 

<lb/>is 2 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>20 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> added to a right angle, giveth the angle B D F 92 <emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>20 <emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/> to which adding the angle C D F, which is the di&longs;tance from 

<lb/>the vertical point of the greate&longs;t altitude of the Star, which here is 

<lb/>62 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>15 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> it giveth us the quantity of the angle B D C, 

<lb/>154 <emph type="italics"/>grad. </s><s>45 min.<emph.end type="italics"/> the which I &longs;et down together with its Sine, 

<lb/>taken out of the Table, which is 42657, and under this I note 

<lb/>the angle of the Parallax B C D 0 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>2 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> with its Sine 58. 

<lb/>And becau&longs;e in the Triangle B C D, the &longs;ide D B is to the &longs;ide 

<lb/>B C; as the &longs;ine of the oppo&longs;ite angle B C D, to the &longs;ine of the 

<lb/>oppo&longs;ite angle B D C: therefore, if the line B D were 58. B C 

<lb/>would be 42657. And becau&longs;e the Chord D B is 8142. of tho&longs;e 

<lb/>parts whereof the &longs;emidiameter B A is 100000. and we &longs;eek to 

<lb/>know how many of tho&longs;e parts is B C; therefore we will &longs;ay, by 

<lb/>the Golden Rule, if when B D is 58. B G is 42657. in ca&longs;e the 

<lb/>&longs;aid D B were 8142. how much would B C be? </s><s>I multiply the 

<lb/>&longs;econd term by the third, and the product is 347313294. which 

<lb/>ought to be divided by the fir&longs;t, namely, by 58. and the quotient 

<lb/>&longs;hall be the number of the parts of the line B C, whereof the &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>midiameter A B is 100000. And to know how many &longs;emidiame&shy;

<lb/>ters B A, the &longs;aid line B C doth contein, it will be nece&longs;&longs;ary anew 

<lb/>to divide the &longs;aid quotient &longs;o found by 100000. and we &longs;hall have 

<lb/>the number o&longs; &longs;emidiameters conteined in B G. </s><s>Now the num&shy;

<lb/>ber 347313294. divided by 58. giveth 5988160 1/4. as here you 

<lb/>may &longs;ee.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table13"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table10"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>Its chord 8142 of tho&longs;e</cell></row><row><cell>Ang. B A D</cell><cell>4</cell><cell>40</cell><cell>parts, whereof the &longs;emid.</cell></row><row><cell>B D F</cell><cell>92</cell><cell>20</cell><cell>A B is an 100000.</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table11"></table.target><row><cell>B D C</cell><cell>154</cell><cell>45</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>42657</cell></row><row><cell>B C D</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>2</cell><cell></cell><cell>58</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table12"></table.target><row><cell>58</cell><cell>42657</cell><cell>8142</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>8142</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>85314</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>170628</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>42657</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>341256</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>59</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>58</cell><cell>3473</cell><cell>13294</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>571</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>5</cell><cell></cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table13"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>5988160 1/4</cell></row><row><cell>58</cell><cell>347313294</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>5717941</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>543</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>And this divided by 100000. the product is 59 88160/100000

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table14"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table14"></table.target><row><cell>1 &verbar;00000</cell><cell>&verbar; 59 &verbar;</cell><cell>88160.</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>But we may much abbreviate the operation, dividing the fir&longs;t 

<lb/>quotient found, that is, 347313294. by the product of the multi&shy;

<lb/>plication of the two numbers 58. and 100000. that is,





<pb xlink:href="065/01/281.jpg" pagenum="271"/><arrow.to.target n="table15"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table15"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>59</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>58 00000</cell><cell>3473</cell><cell>13294</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>571</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>5</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>And this way al&longs;o there will come forth 59 5113294/5800000</s></p><p type="main"><s>And &longs;o many &longs;emidiameters are contained in the line B C, to 

<lb/>which one being added for the line A B, we &longs;hall have little le&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>than 61. &longs;emidiameters for the two lines A B C; and therefore 

<lb/>the right di&longs;tance from the centre A, to the Star C, &longs;hall be more 

<lb/>than 60. &longs;emidiameters, and therefore it is &longs;uperiour to the Moon, 

<lb/>according to <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> more than 27. &longs;emidiameters, and according 

<lb/>to <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> more than 8. &longs;uppo&longs;ing that the di&longs;tance of the 

<lb/>Moon from the centre of the Earth by <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> his account is 

<lb/>what the Author maketh it, 52 &longs;emidiameters. </s><s>With this &longs;ame 

<lb/>working, I find by the ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Camerarius,<emph.end type="italics"/> and of <emph type="italics"/>Muno&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ius,<emph.end type="italics"/> that the Star was &longs;ituate in that &longs;ame di&longs;tance, to wit, &longs;ome&shy;

<lb/>what more than 60. &longs;emidiameters. </s><s>The&longs;e are the ob&longs;ervations, 

<lb/>and the&longs;e following next after them the calculations.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table16"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table17"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table16"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of <emph type="italics"/>Camerar.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>52</cell><cell>24</cell><cell>Altitude of</cell><cell>24</cell><cell>28</cell></row><row><cell>the Pole <emph type="italics"/>Muno&longs;.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>39</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>the Star</cell><cell>11</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell>Differences of the</cell><cell>12</cell><cell>54</cell><cell>Differences</cell><cell>12</cell><cell>58</cell></row><row><cell>Polar Altitudes</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>of the alt. of *</cell><cell>12</cell><cell>54</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>Difference of Parallaxes</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>00</cell><cell>04. ang. BCD.</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table17"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B A D</cell><cell>12</cell><cell>54</cell><cell>and its chord or &longs;ubten&longs;e 22466.</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>B D C</cell><cell>161</cell><cell>59</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>30930</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B C D</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>04</cell><cell></cell><cell>116</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"/>The Golden Rule.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table18"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table19"></arrow.to.target></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/282.jpg" pagenum="272"/><table><table.target id="table18"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>22466</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>116</cell><cell>30930</cell><cell>22466</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>673980</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>202194</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>67398</cell><cell></cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table19"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>59</cell><cell>_______</cell><cell>Di&longs;tance B C 59. and</cell></row><row><cell>116</cell><cell>6948</cell><cell>73380</cell><cell>almo&longs;t 60. &longs;emidiameters.</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1144</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>10</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The next working is made upon two ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Muno&longs;ius,<emph.end type="italics"/> from which the Star is calculated to be di&longs;tant from 

<lb/>the Centre of the Earth 478 Semidiameters and more.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table20"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table21"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table22"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table20"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>Altitudes</cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>Tycho.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>55</cell><cell>58</cell><cell>Altitude</cell><cell>84</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>of the Pole.</cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>Muno&longs;.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>39</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>of the Star.</cell><cell>67</cell><cell>30</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table21"></table.target><row><cell>Differences of the</cell><cell>16</cell><cell>28</cell><cell>Differ. of the</cell><cell>16 30</cell></row><row><cell>Polar Altitudes.</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>Alt. of the *</cell><cell>16 28</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>Difference of Parallax.</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>0 2 and ang. BCD</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table22"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>B A D.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>16</cell><cell>28</cell><cell>its chord</cell><cell>28640</cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>B D C.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>104</cell><cell>14</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>96930</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>B C D.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>0</cell><cell>2</cell><cell></cell><cell>58</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"/>The Golden Rule.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table23"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table23"></table.target><row><cell>58</cell><cell>96930</cell><cell>28640</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>28640</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>3877200</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>58158</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>77544</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>19386</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>478</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>58</cell><cell>27760</cell><cell>75200</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4506</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>53</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The&longs;e workings following make the Star remote from the Cen&shy;

<lb/>tre, more than 358 Semidiameters.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table24"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table25"></arrow.to.target></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/283.jpg" pagenum="273"/><table><table.target id="table24"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>Altitudes</cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>Peucerus<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>51</cell><cell>54</cell><cell>Altitude</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>56</cell></row><row><cell>of the Pole.</cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>Muno&longs;ius<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>39</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>of the *</cell><cell>47</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>12</cell><cell>24</cell><cell></cell><cell>12</cell><cell>26</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>12</cell><cell>24</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>0</cell><cell>2</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table25"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>B A D.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>12</cell><cell>24</cell><cell>its chord</cell><cell>21600</cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>B D C.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>106</cell><cell>16</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>95996</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>B C D.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>0</cell><cell>2</cell><cell></cell><cell>58</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The Golden Rule.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table26"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table26"></table.target><row><cell>58</cell><cell>----95996</cell><cell>----21600</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>21600</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>57597600</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>95996</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>191992</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>357</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>58</cell><cell>20735</cell><cell>13600</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>3339</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>42</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>From this other working the &longs;tar is found to be di&longs;tant from the 

<lb/>centre more than 716. &longs;emidiameters.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table27"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table28"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table27"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>Altitudes</cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>Landgr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>51</cell><cell>18</cell><cell>Altitude</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>of the Pole</cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>Hainzel.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>48</cell><cell>22</cell><cell>of the Star</cell><cell>76</cell><cell>33</cell><cell>45</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell>56</cell><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell>56</cell><cell>15</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell>56</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>0</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>15</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table28"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B A D</cell><cell>2</cell><cell>56</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>its Chord</cell><cell>5120</cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>B D C</cell><cell>101</cell><cell>58</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>97845</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B C D</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>15</cell><cell></cell><cell>7</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The Golden Rule.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table29"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table29"></table.target><row><cell>7</cell><cell>----97845</cell><cell>----5120</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>5120</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1956900</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>57845</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>489225</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>715</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>7</cell><cell>5009</cell><cell>66400</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The&longs;e as you &longs;ee are five workings which place the &longs;tar very 

<lb/>much above the Moon. </s><s>And here I de&longs;ire you to con&longs;ider upon 

<lb/>that particular, which even now I told you, namely, that in great 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/284.jpg" pagenum="274"/>di&longs;tances, the mutations, or if you plea&longs;e corrections, of a ve&shy;

<lb/>ry few minutes, removeth the &longs;tar a very great way farther off. 

<lb/></s><s>As for example, in the fir&longs;t of the&longs;e workings, where the calcu&shy;

<lb/>lation made the &longs;tar 60. &longs;emidiameters remote from the centre, 

<lb/>with the Parallax of 2. minutes; he that would maintain that it 

<lb/>was in the Firmament, is to correct in the ob&longs;ervations but onely 

<lb/>two minutes, nay le&longs;&longs;e, for then the Parallax cea&longs;eth, or be&shy;

<lb/>commeth &longs;o &longs;mall, that it removeth the &longs;tar to an immen&longs;e di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance, which by all is received to be the Firmament. </s><s>In the &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>cond indagation, or working, the correction of le&longs;&longs;e than 4 <emph type="italics"/>m. 

<lb/></s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"/> doth the &longs;ame. </s><s>In the third, and fourth, like as in the fir&longs;t, 

<lb/>two minutes onely mount the &longs;tar even above the Firmament. 

<lb/></s><s>In the la&longs;t preceding, a quarter of a minute, that is 15. &longs;econds, 

<lb/>gives us the &longs;ame. </s><s>But it doth not &longs;o occur in the &longs;ublunary alti&shy;

<lb/>tudes; for if you fancy to your &longs;elf what di&longs;tance you mo&longs;t 

<lb/>like, and go about to correct the workings made by the Au&shy;

<lb/>thour, and adju&longs;t them &longs;o as that they all an&longs;wer in the &longs;ame 

<lb/>determinate di&longs;tance, you will find how much greater correcti&shy;

<lb/>ons they do require.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It cannot but help us in our fuller under&longs;tanding of 

<lb/>things, to &longs;ee &longs;ome examples of this which you &longs;peak of.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Do you a&longs;&longs;ign any what&longs;oever determinate &longs;ublunary 

<lb/>di&longs;tance at plea&longs;ure in which to con&longs;titute the &longs;tar, for with &longs;mall 

<lb/>ado we may a&longs;&longs;ertain our &longs;elves whether corrections like to the&longs;e, 

<lb/>which we &longs;ee do &longs;uffice to reduce it among&longs;t the fixed &longs;tars, will 

<lb/>reduce it to the place by you a&longs;&longs;igned.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>To take a di&longs;tance that may favour the Authour, we 

<lb/>will &longs;uppo&longs;e it to be that which is the greate&longs;t of all tho&longs;e found 

<lb/>by him in his 12 workings; for whil&longs;t it is in controver&longs;ie be&shy;

<lb/>tween him and A&longs;tronomers, and that they affirm the &longs;tar to 

<lb/>have been &longs;uperiour to the Moon, and he that it was inferiour, 

<lb/>very &longs;mall &longs;pace that he proveth it to have been lower, giveth 

<lb/>him the victory.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Let us therefore take the &longs;eventh working wrought 

<lb/>upon the ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Thadd&aelig;us Hagecius,<emph.end type="italics"/> by 

<lb/>which the Authour found the &longs;tar to have been di&longs;tant from the 

<lb/>centre 32. &longs;emidiameters, which &longs;ituation is mo&longs;t favourable to 

<lb/>his purpo&longs;e; and to give him all advantages, let us moreover 

<lb/>place it in the di&longs;tance mo&longs;t disfavouring the <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomers,<emph.end type="italics"/> which 

<lb/>is to &longs;ituate it above the Firmament. </s><s>That therefore being &longs;up&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ed, let us &longs;eek in the next place what corrections it would be ne&shy;

<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ary to apply to his other 11 workings. </s><s>And let us begin at the 

<lb/>fir&longs;t calculated upon the ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Hainzelius<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Mauroice<emph.end type="italics"/>; 

<lb/>in which the Authour findeth the di&longs;tance from the centre about 

<lb/>3. &longs;emidiameters with the Parallax of 4 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>42 m. </s><s>30. &longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/> Let 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/285.jpg" pagenum="275"/>us &longs;ee whether by withdrawing it 20. minutes onely, it will ri&longs;e 

<lb/>to the height of 32. &longs;emidiameters: See the &longs;hort and true opera&shy;

<lb/>tion. </s><s>Multiply the &longs;ine of the angle B D C, by the &longs;ine of the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table30"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table31"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table32"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>chord B D, and divide the product, the five la&longs;t figures being cut 

<lb/>off by the &longs;ine of the Parallax, and the quotient will be 28. &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>midiameters, and an half, &longs;o that though you make a correction 

<lb/>of 4 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>22 min. </s><s>30 &longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/> taken from 4 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>42 min. </s><s>30 &longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/> it &longs;hall 

<lb/>not elevate the &longs;tar to the altitude of 32. &longs;emidiameters, which 

<lb/>correction for <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> his under&longs;tanding it, is of 262. minutes, 

<lb/>and an half.</s></p><table><table.target id="table30"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Hainzelius<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>Pole</cell><cell>48</cell><cell>32</cell><cell>----*</cell><cell>76</cell><cell>34</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Maurolicus<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>Pole</cell><cell>38</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>----*</cell><cell>62</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>9</cell><cell>52</cell><cell></cell><cell>14</cell><cell>34</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>9</cell><cell>52</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>Parallax</cell><cell>4</cell><cell>42</cell><cell>30</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table31"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B A D</cell><cell>9</cell><cell>52</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>17200</cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>B D C</cell><cell>108</cell><cell>21</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>94910</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B C D</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>20</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>582</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table32"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>94910</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>17200</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>18982000</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>66437</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>9491</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>28</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>582</cell><cell>16324</cell><cell>52000</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4688</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>In the &longs;econd operation made upon the ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Hain&shy;

<lb/>zelius,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Sculerus,<emph.end type="italics"/> with the Parallax of 0 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>8 min. </s><s>30 &longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>the &longs;tar is found in the height of 25. &longs;emidiameters or therea&shy;

<lb/>bouts, as may be &longs;een in the &longs;ub&longs;equent working.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table33"></arrow.to.target>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/286.jpg" pagenum="276"/><arrow.to.target n="table34"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table33"></table.target><row><cell>B D</cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>6166</cell></row><row><cell>B D C</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>97987</cell></row><row><cell>B C D</cell><cell></cell><cell>247</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table34"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>97987</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>6166</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>587922</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>587922</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>97987</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>587922</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>24</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>247</cell><cell>6041</cell><cell>87842</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1103</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>11</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>And bringing back the Parallax 0 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>8 m. </s><s>30 &longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/> to 7 <emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>7 <emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/> who&longs;e &longs;ine is 204, the &longs;tar elevateth to 30 &longs;emidiameters or 

<lb/>thereabouts; therefore the correction of 0 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>1 mi. </s><s>30 &longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/> doth 

<lb/>not &longs;uffice.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table35"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table35"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>20</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>204</cell><cell>6041</cell><cell>87342</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1965</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>12</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Now let us &longs;ee what correction is requi&longs;ite for the third work&shy;

<lb/>ing made upon the ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Hainzelius<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> which 

<lb/>rendereth the &longs;tar about 19 &longs;emidiameters high, with the Pa&shy;

<lb/>rallax of 10 <emph type="italics"/>m. </s><s>pri.<emph.end type="italics"/> The u&longs;ual angles and their &longs;ines, and chord 

<lb/>found by the Authour, are the&longs;e next following; and they re&shy;

<lb/>move the &longs;tar (as al&longs;o in the Authours working) 19 &longs;emidia&shy;

<lb/>meters from the centre of the Earth. </s><s>It is nece&longs;&longs;ary therefore for 

<lb/>the rai&longs;ing of it, to dimini&longs;h the Parallax according to the Rule 

<lb/>which he likewi&longs;e ob&longs;erveth in the ninth working. </s><s>Let us there&shy;

<lb/>fore &longs;uppo&longs;e the Parallax to be 6 <emph type="italics"/>m. </s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"/> who&longs;e &longs;ine is 175, and 

<lb/>the divi&longs;ion being made, there is found likewi&longs;e le&longs;&longs;e than 31 

<lb/>&longs;emidiameters for the &longs;tars di&longs;tance. </s><s>And therefore the correcti&shy;

<lb/>on of 4 <emph type="italics"/>min. </s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"/> is too little to &longs;erve the Authours purpo&longs;e.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table36"></arrow.to.target>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/287.jpg" pagenum="277"/><arrow.to.target n="table37"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table36"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>B A D</cell><cell>7</cell><cell>36</cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>13254</cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>B D C</cell><cell>155</cell><cell>52</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>40886</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B C D</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>10</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>291</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table37"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>13254</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>40886</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>79524</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>106032</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>106032</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>53016</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>18</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell>291</cell><cell>5419</cell><cell>03044</cell><cell>175</cell><cell>5419</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>250</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>16</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>181</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Let us come to the fourth working, and the re&longs;t with the &longs;ame 

<lb/>rule, and with the chords and &longs;ines found out by the Authour 

<lb/>him&longs;elf; in this the Parallax is 14 <emph type="italics"/>m. </s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"/> and the height found 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e than 10 &longs;emidiameters, and dimini&longs;hing the Parallax from 

<lb/>14 <emph type="italics"/>min.<emph.end type="italics"/> to 4 <emph type="italics"/>min.<emph.end type="italics"/> yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e you &longs;ee that the &longs;tar doth not 

<lb/>elevate full 31 &longs;emidiameters. </s><s>Therefore 10 <emph type="italics"/>min.<emph.end type="italics"/> in 14 <emph type="italics"/>min.<emph.end type="italics"/> doth 

<lb/>not &longs;uffice.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table38"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table39"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table38"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>B A D</cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>8142</cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>B D C</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>43235</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B C D</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>407</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table39"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>43235</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>8142</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>86470</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>172940</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>43235</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>345880</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>30</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>116</cell><cell>3520</cell><cell>19370</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>In the fifth operation of the Authour we have the &longs;ines and the 

<lb/>chord as you &longs;ee, and the Parallax is 0 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>42 m. </s><s>30 &longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/> which 

<lb/>rendereth the height of the &longs;tar about 4 &longs;emidiameters, and cor&shy;

<lb/>recting the Parallax, with reducing it from 0 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>42 m. </s><s>30 &longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>to 0 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>5 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> onely, doth not &longs;uffice to rai&longs;e it to &longs;o much as 28 &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>midiameters, the correction therefore of 0 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>37 m. </s><s>30 &longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/> is 

<lb/>too little.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table40"></arrow.to.target>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/288.jpg" pagenum="278"/><arrow.to.target n="table41"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table40"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>B A D</cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>4034</cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>B D C</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>97998</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B C D</cell><cell></cell><cell>1236</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table41"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>97998</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4034</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>391992</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>293994</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>391992</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>27</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>145</cell><cell>3953</cell><cell>23932</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1058</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>3</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>In the &longs;ixth operation the chord, the &longs;ines and Parallax are as 

<lb/>followeth, and the &longs;tar is found to be about 4 &longs;emidiameters; let 

<lb/>us &longs;ee whether it will be reduced, abating the Parallax from 8 <emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>to 1 <emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/> onely; Here is the operation, and the &longs;tar rai&longs;ed but to 

<lb/>27. &longs;emidiameters or thereabout; therefore the correction of 7 <emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>in 8 <emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/> doth not &longs;uffice.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table42"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table43"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table42"></table.target><row><cell>B D</cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>1920</cell></row><row><cell>B D C</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>40248</cell></row><row><cell>B C D 8 <emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>233</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table43"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>40248</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1920</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>804960</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>362232</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>40248</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>26</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>29</cell><cell>772</cell><cell>76160</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>198</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>In the eighth operation the chord, the &longs;ines, and the Parallax, 

<lb/>as you &longs;ee, are the&longs;e en&longs;uing, and hence the Authour calculates 

<lb/>the height of the &longs;tar to be 1. &longs;emidiameter and an half, with the 

<lb/>Parallax of 43. <emph type="italics"/>min.<emph.end type="italics"/> which reduced to 1 <emph type="italics"/>min.<emph.end type="italics"/> yet notwith&longs;tand&shy;

<lb/>ing giveth the &longs;tar le&longs;&longs;e remote than 24. &longs;emidiameters, the corre&shy;

<lb/>ction therefore of 42. <emph type="italics"/>min.<emph.end type="italics"/> is not enough.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table44"></arrow.to.target>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/289.jpg" pagenum="279"/><arrow.to.target n="table45"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table44"></table.target><row><cell>B D</cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>1804</cell></row><row><cell>B D C</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>36643</cell></row><row><cell>B C D</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>29</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table45"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>36643</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1804</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>146572</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>293144</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>36643</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>22</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>29</cell><cell>661</cell><cell>03972</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>83</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Let us now &longs;ee the ninth. </s><s>Here is the chord, the &longs;ines and 

<lb/>the Parallax which is 15 <emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/> From whence the Authour calcu&shy;

<lb/>lates the di&longs;tance of the &longs;tar from the &longs;uperficies of the Earth 

<lb/>to be le&longs;&longs;e than a ^{*} &longs;even and fortieth part of a &longs;emidiameter, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg513"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>but this is an errour in the calcultaion, for it cometh forth truly, 

<lb/>as we &longs;hall &longs;ee here below, more than a &longs;ifth: See here the quo&shy;

<lb/>tienr is 90/436, which is more than one fifth.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table46"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table47"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg513"></margin.target>* Here the La&shy;

<lb/>tine ver&longs;ion is erro&shy;

<lb/>neous, making it 

<lb/>a fortieth part of, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><table><table.target id="table46"></table.target><row><cell>B D</cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>232</cell></row><row><cell>B D C</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>39046</cell></row><row><cell>B C D</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>436</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table47"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>39046</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>232</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>78092</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>117138</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>78092</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>436</cell><cell>90</cell><cell>58672</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>That which the Authour pre&longs;ently after &longs;ubjoyns in way of 

<lb/>amending the ob&longs;ervations, that is, that it &longs;u&longs;&longs;iceth not to re&shy;

<lb/>duce the difference of Parallax, neither to a minute, nor yet 

<lb/>to the eighth part of a minute is true. </s><s>But I &longs;ay, that neither 

<lb/>will the tenth part of a minute reduce the height of the &longs;tar to 

<lb/>32. &longs;emidiameters; for the &longs;ine of the tenth part of a minute, 

<lb/>that is of &longs;ix &longs;econds, is 3; by which if we according to our Rule 

<lb/>&longs;hould divide 90. or we may &longs;ay, if we &longs;hould divide 9058672. 

<lb/>by 300000. the quotient will be 30 58672/100000, that is little more 

<lb/>than 30. &longs;emidiameters and an half.</s></p><p type="main"><s>The tenth giveth the altitude of the &longs;tar one fifth of a &longs;emi&shy;

<lb/>diameter, with the&longs;e angles, &longs;ines, and Parallax, that is, 4 <emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/290.jpg" pagenum="280"/>30 <emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/> which I &longs;ee that being reduced from 4 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>30 min.<emph.end type="italics"/> to 2 <emph type="italics"/>min.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e it elevates not the &longs;tar to 29. &longs;emidiameters.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table48"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table49"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table48"></table.target><row><cell>B D</cell><cell></cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>1746</cell></row><row><cell>B D C</cell><cell></cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>92050</cell></row><row><cell>B C D</cell><cell>4 <emph type="italics"/>gr. 30 m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>7846</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table49"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>92050</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>17460</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>552300</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>36820</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>64435</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>9205</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>27</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>58</cell><cell>1607</cell><cell>19300</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>441</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The eleventh rendereth the &longs;tar to the Authour remote about 

<lb/>13. &longs;emidiameters, with the Parallax of 55. <emph type="italics"/>min.<emph.end type="italics"/> let us &longs;ee, re&shy;

<lb/>ducing it to 20 <emph type="italics"/>min.<emph.end type="italics"/> whether it will exalt the &longs;tar: See here the 

<lb/>calculation elevates it to little le&longs;&longs;e than 33. &longs;emidiameters, the 

<lb/>correction therefore is little le&longs;&longs;e than 35. <emph type="italics"/>min.<emph.end type="italics"/> in 55. <emph type="italics"/>min.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table50"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table51"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table50"></table.target><row><cell>B D</cell><cell></cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>19748</cell></row><row><cell>B D C</cell><cell></cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>96166</cell></row><row><cell>B C D</cell><cell>o <emph type="italics"/>gr. 55 m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>1600</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table51"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>96166</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>19748</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>639328</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>384664</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>673162</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>865494</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>96166</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>32</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>582</cell><cell>18990</cell><cell>56168</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1536</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>56</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The twelfth with the Parallax of 1. <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>36. min.<emph.end type="italics"/> maketh the 

<lb/>&longs;tar le&longs;&longs;e high than 6. &longs;emidiameters, reducing the Parallax to 

<lb/>20 <emph type="italics"/>min.<emph.end type="italics"/> it carrieth the &longs;tar to le&longs;&longs;e than 30. &longs;emidiameters di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance, therefore the correction of 1 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>16. min.<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ufficeth not.





<pb xlink:href="065/01/291.jpg" pagenum="281"/><arrow.to.target n="table52"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table53"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table52"></table.target><row><cell>B D</cell><cell></cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>17258</cell></row><row><cell>B D C</cell><cell></cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>96150</cell></row><row><cell>B C D</cell><cell>1 <emph type="italics"/>gr. 36 m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>2792</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table53"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>17258</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>96150</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>862900</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>17258</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>103548</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>155322</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>28</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>582</cell><cell>16593</cell><cell>56700</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4957</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>29</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"/>The&longs;e are the Corrections of the Parallaxes 

<lb/>of the ten workings of the Author, to 

<lb/>reduce the Star to the altitude of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>32 <emph type="italics"/>Semidiameters.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table54"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table55"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table54"></table.target><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>&longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell>04</cell><cell>22</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>04</cell><cell>42</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell>00</cell><cell>04</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>10</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>00</cell><cell>10</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>14</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>00</cell><cell>37</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>42</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell>00</cell><cell>07</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>18</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>00</cell><cell>42</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>43</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>00</cell><cell>14</cell><cell>50</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>15</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>04</cell><cell>28</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>04</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>00</cell><cell>35</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>55</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>01</cell><cell>16</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>01</cell><cell>36</cell><cell>00</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table55"></table.target><row><cell>216</cell><cell>296.60</cell></row><row><cell>540</cell><cell>240.9</cell></row><row><cell>765</cell><cell>836.540</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>From hence we &longs;ee, that to reduce the Star to 32. Semidiame&shy;

<lb/>ters in altitude, it is requi&longs;ite from the &longs;um of the Parallaxes 836. 

<lb/>to &longs;ubtract 756. and to reduce them to 80. nor yet doth that 

<lb/>correction &longs;uffice.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/292.jpg" pagenum="282"/><p type="main"><s>Here we &longs;ee al&longs;o, (as I have noted even now) that &longs;hould the 

<lb/>Authour con&longs;ent to a&longs;&longs;ign the di&longs;tance of 32. Semidiameters for 

<lb/>the true height of the Star, the correction of tho&longs;e his 10. workings, 

<lb/>(I &longs;ay 10. becau&longs;e the &longs;econd being very high, is reduced to the 

<lb/>height of 32. Semidiameters, with 2. minutes correction) to make 

<lb/>them all to re&longs;tore the &longs;aid Star to that di&longs;tance, would require &longs;uch 

<lb/>a reduction of Parallaxes, that among&longs;t the whole number of &longs;ub 

<lb/>&longs;tractions they &longs;hould make more than 756 <emph type="italics"/>m. </s><s>pr.<emph.end type="italics"/> whereas in the 

<lb/>5. calculated by me, which do place the Star above the Moon, to 

<lb/>correct them in &longs;uch &longs;ort, as to con&longs;titute it in the Firmament, 

<lb/>the correction onely of 10. minutes, and one fourth &longs;ufficeth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Now adde to the&longs;e, other 5. workings, that place the Star pre&shy;

<lb/>ci&longs;ely in the Firmament, without need of any correction at all, 

<lb/>and we &longs;hall have ten workings or indagations that agree to place 

<lb/>it in the Firmament, with the correction onely of 5. of them (as 

<lb/>hath been &longs;een) but 10. <emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/> and 15 <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ec.<emph.end type="italics"/> Whereas for the correcti&shy;

<lb/>on of tho&longs;e 10. of the Authour, to reduce them to the altitude of 

<lb/>32. &longs;emidiameters, there will need the emendations of 756 mi&shy;

<lb/>nutes in 836. that is, there mu&longs;t from the &longs;umme 836 be &longs;ub&longs;tra&shy;

<lb/>cted 756. if you would have the Star elevated to the altitude of 

<lb/>32. &longs;emidiameters, and yet that correction doth not fully &longs;erve.</s></p><p type="main"><s>The workings that immediately without any correction free the 

<lb/>Star from Parallaxes, and therefore place it in the Firmament, 

<lb/>and that al&longs;o in the remote&longs;t parts of it, and in a word, as high 

<lb/>as the Pole it &longs;elf, are the&longs;e 5. noted here.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table56"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table56"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Camerar.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>Polar altit.</cell><cell>52</cell><cell>24</cell><cell>Altit. of the Star</cell><cell>80</cell><cell>26</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Peucerus<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell>51</cell><cell>54</cell><cell></cell><cell>79</cell><cell>56</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>0</cell><cell>30</cell><cell></cell><cell>0</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Landgrav.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>Polar altit.</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>18</cell><cell>Altit. of the Star</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Hainzel.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell>48</cell><cell>22</cell><cell></cell><cell>76</cell><cell>34</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell>56</cell><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell>56</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>Polar altit.</cell><cell>55</cell><cell>58</cell><cell>Altit. of the Star</cell><cell>84</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Peucerus<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell>51</cell><cell>54</cell><cell></cell><cell>79</cell><cell>56</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell>4</cell><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell>4</cell></row>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/293.jpg" pagenum="283"/><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Reinhold.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>Polar altit.</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>18</cell><cell>Altit. of the Star</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Hainzel.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell>48</cell><cell>22</cell><cell></cell><cell>36</cell><cell>34</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell>56</cell><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell>56</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Camerar.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>Polar altit.</cell><cell>52</cell><cell>24</cell><cell>Altit. of the Star</cell><cell>24</cell><cell>17</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Hagecius<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell>48</cell><cell>22</cell><cell></cell><cell>20</cell><cell>15</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell>2</cell><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell>2</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Of the remaining combinations that might be made of the Ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ervations of all the&longs;e A&longs;tronomers, tho&longs;e that make the Stars &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>lime to an infinite di&longs;tance, are many in number, namely, about 

<lb/>30. more than tho&longs;e who give the Star, by calculation, to be be&shy;

<lb/>low the Moon; and becau&longs;e (as it was agreed npon between us) it 

<lb/>is to be believed that the Ob&longs;ervators have erred rather little than 

<lb/>much, it is a manife&longs;t thing that the corrections to be applied to 

<lb/>the Ob&longs;ervaations, which make the &longs;tar of an infinite altitude, to 

<lb/>reduce it lower, do &longs;ooner, and with le&longs;&longs;er amendment place it in 

<lb/>the Firmament, than beneath the Moon; &longs;o that all the&longs;e applaud 

<lb/>the opinion of tho&longs;e who put it among&longs;t the fixed Stars. </s><s>You may 

<lb/>adde, that the corrections required for tho&longs;e emendations, are 

<lb/>much le&longs;&longs;er than tho&longs;e, by which the Star from an unlikely proxi&shy;

<lb/>mity may be removed to the height more favourable for this Au&shy;

<lb/>thour, as by the foregoing examples hath been &longs;een; among&longs;t 

<lb/>which impo&longs;&longs;ible proximities, there are three that &longs;eem to remove 

<lb/>the Star from the Earths centre, a le&longs;&longs;e di&longs;tance than one Semidi&shy;

<lb/>ameter, making it, as it were, to turn round under ground, and 

<lb/>the&longs;e are tho&longs;e combinations, wherein the Polar altitude of one 

<lb/>of the Ob&longs;ervators being greater than the Polar altitude of the 

<lb/>other, the elevation of the Star taken by the fir&longs;t, is le&longs;&longs;er than the 

<lb/>elation of the Star taken by the latter.</s></p><p type="main"><s>The fir&longs;t of the&longs;e is this of the <emph type="italics"/>Landgrave<emph.end type="italics"/> with <emph type="italics"/>Gemma,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>where the Polar altitude of the <emph type="italics"/>Landgrave 51 gr. </s><s>18 min.<emph.end type="italics"/> is 

<lb/>greater than the Polar altitude of <emph type="italics"/>Gemma,<emph.end type="italics"/> which is 50 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>50 m.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>But the altitude of the Star of the <emph type="italics"/>Landgrave 79 gr. </s><s>30 min.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>is le&longs;&longs;er than that of the Star, of <emph type="italics"/>Gemma 79 gr. </s><s>45 min.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table57"></arrow.to.target></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/294.jpg" pagenum="284"/><table><table.target id="table57"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Landgrave<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>Polar altit.</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>18</cell><cell>Altit. of the Star</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Gemma<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell>50</cell><cell>50</cell><cell></cell><cell>79</cell><cell>45</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The other two are the&longs;e below.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table58"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table58"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Bu&longs;chius.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>Polar Altitude</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>10</cell><cell>Altit. of the Star</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>20</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Gemma.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell>50</cell><cell>50</cell><cell></cell><cell>79</cell><cell>45</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Reinholdus.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell>Polar Altitude</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>18</cell><cell>Altit. of the Star</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"/>Gemma.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell>50</cell><cell>50</cell><cell></cell><cell>79</cell><cell>45</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>From what I have hitherto demon&longs;trated, you may gue&longs;&longs;e how 

<lb/>much this fir&longs;t way of finding out the di&longs;tance of the Star, and 

<lb/>proving it &longs;ublunary introduced by the Authour, maketh again&longs;t 

<lb/>him&longs;elf, and how much more probably and clearly the di&longs;tance 

<lb/>thereof is collected to have been among&longs;t the more remote fixed 

<lb/>Stars.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>As to this particular, I think that the inefficacy of the 

<lb/>Authors demonftrations is very plainly di&longs;covered; But I &longs;ee that all 

<lb/>this was compri&longs;ed in but a few leaves of his Book, and it may be, 

<lb/>that &longs;ome other of his Arguments are more conclu&longs;ive then the&longs;e 

<lb/>fir&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Rather they mu&longs;t needs be le&longs;&longs;e valid, if we will take 

<lb/>tho&longs;e that lead the way for a proof of the re&longs;t: For (as it is clear) 

<lb/>the uncertainty and inconclu&longs;ivene&longs;&longs;e of tho&longs;e, is manife&longs;tly ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erved to derive it &longs;elf from the errours committed in the in&longs;tru&shy;

<lb/>mental ob&longs;ervations, upon which the Polar Altitude, and height 

<lb/>of the Star was thought to have been ju&longs;tly taken, all in effect 

<lb/>having ea&longs;ily erred; And yet to find the Altitude of the Pole, A&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tronomers have had Ages of time to apply them&longs;elves to it, at their 

<lb/>lea&longs;ure: and the Meridian Altitudes of the Star are ea&longs;ier to be 

<lb/>ob&longs;erved, as being mo&longs;t terminate, and yielding the Ob&longs;ervator 

<lb/>&longs;ome time to continue the &longs;ame, in regard they change not &longs;en&longs;ibly, 

<lb/>in a &longs;hort time, as tho&longs;e do that are remote from the Meridian. </s><s>And 

<lb/>if this be &longs;o, as it is mo&longs;t certain, what credit &longs;hall we give to Calcu&shy;

<lb/>lations founded upon Ob&longs;ervations more numerous, more difficult 

<lb/>to be wrought, more momentary in variation, and we may add, 

<lb/>with In&longs;truments more incommodious and erroneous? </s><s>Upon a 

<lb/>&longs;light peru&longs;al of the en&longs;uing demon&longs;trations, I &longs;ee that the Com&shy;

<lb/>putations are made upon Altitudes of the Star taken in different 

<lb/>Vertical Circles, which are called by the Arabick name, <emph type="italics"/>Azimuths<emph.end type="italics"/>; in 

<lb/>which ob&longs;ervations moveable in&longs;truments are made u&longs;e of, not on&shy;

<lb/>ly in the Vertical Circles, but in the Horizon al&longs;o, at the &longs;ame time; 

<lb/>in&longs;omuch that it is requi&longs;ite in the &longs;ame moment that the altitude 

<lb/>is taken, to have ob&longs;erved, in the Horizon, the di&longs;tance of the Vir&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/295.jpg" pagenum="285"/>tical point in which the Star is, from the Meridian; Moreover, 

<lb/>after a con&longs;iderable interval of time, the operation mu&longs;t be re&shy;

<lb/>peated, and exact account kept of the time that pa&longs;&longs;ed, tru&longs;ting 

<lb/>either to Dials, or to other ob&longs;ervations of the Stars. </s><s>Such an <emph type="italics"/>Olio<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>of Ob&longs;ervations doth he &longs;et before you, comparing them with 

<lb/>&longs;uch another made by another ob&longs;erver in another place with a&shy;

<lb/>nother different in&longs;trument, and at another time; and from this 

<lb/>the Authour &longs;eeks to collect what would have been, the Elevations 

<lb/>of the Star, and Horizontal Latitudes happened in the time and 

<lb/>hour of the other fir&longs;t ob&longs;ervations, and upon &longs;uch a co&aelig;quation he 

<lb/>in the end grounds his account. </s><s>Now I refer it to you, what credit 

<lb/>is to be given to that which is deduced from &longs;uch like workings. 

<lb/></s><s>Moreover, I doubt not in the lea&longs;t, but that if any one would tor&shy;

<lb/>ture him&longs;elf with &longs;uch tedious computations, he would find, as in 

<lb/>tho&longs;e aforegoing, that there were more that would favour the ad&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;e party, than the Authour: But I think it not worth the while 

<lb/>to take &longs;o much pains in a thing, which is not, among&longs;t tho&longs;e prima&shy;

<lb/>ry ones, by us under&longs;tood.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am of your Opinion in this particular: But this bu&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>ne&longs;&longs;e being environed with &longs;o many intricacies, uncertainties, and 

<lb/>errours, upon what confidence have &longs;o many A&longs;tronomers po&longs;itive&shy;

<lb/>ly pronounced the new Star to have been &longs;o high?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Upon two &longs;orts of ob&longs;ervations mo&longs;t plain, mo&longs;t ea&longs;ie, 

<lb/>and mo&longs;t certain; one only of which is more than &longs;ufficient to a&longs;&longs;ure 

<lb/>us, that it was &longs;cituate in the Firmament, or at lea&longs;t by a great 

<lb/>di&longs;tance &longs;uperiour to the Moon. </s><s>One of which is taken from the 

<lb/>equality, or little differing inequality of its di&longs;tances from the 

<lb/>Pole, a&longs;well whil&longs;t it was in the lowe&longs;t part of the Meridian, as 

<lb/>when it was in the uppermo&longs;t: The other is its having perpetual&shy;

<lb/>ly kept the &longs;ame di&longs;tances from certain of the fixed Stars, adjacent 

<lb/>to it, and particularly from the eleventh of <emph type="italics"/>Ca&longs;&longs;iopea,<emph.end type="italics"/> no more 

<lb/>remote from it than one degree and an half; from which two par&shy;

<lb/>ticulars is undoubtedly inferred, either the ab&longs;olute want of Paral&shy;

<lb/>lax, or &longs;uch a &longs;malne&longs;&longs;e thereof, that it doth a&longs;&longs;ure us with very 

<lb/>expeditious Calculations of its great di&longs;tance from the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But the&longs;e things, were they not known to this Author? 

<lb/></s><s>and if he &longs;aw them, what doth he &longs;ay unto them?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We are wont to &longs;ay, of one that having no reply that 

<lb/>is able to cover his fault, produceth frivolous excu&longs;es, <emph type="italics"/>cerca di at&shy;

<lb/>taccar&longs;i alle funi del cielo,<emph.end type="italics"/> [He &longs;trives to take hold of the Cords of 

<lb/>Heaven;] but this Authour runs, not to the Cords, but to the Spi&shy;

<lb/>ders Web of Heaven; as you &longs;hall plainly &longs;ee in our examination 

<lb/>of the&longs;e two particulars even now hinted. </s><s>And fir&longs;t, that which 

<lb/>&longs;heweth us the Polar di&longs;tances of the Ob&longs;ervators one by one, I 

<lb/>have noted down in the&longs;e brief Calculations; For a full under&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/296.jpg" pagenum="286"/>&longs;tanding of which, I ought fir&longs;t to adverti&longs;e you, that when ever 

<lb/>the new Star, or other Ph&aelig;nomenon is near to the earth, turning 

<lb/>with a Diurnal motion about the Pole, it will &longs;eem to be farther 

<lb/>off from the &longs;aid Pole, whil&longs;t it is in the lower part of the Meridi&shy;

<lb/>an, then whil&longs;t it is above, as in this Figure [<emph type="italics"/>being fig. </s><s>third of 

<lb/>this Dial.<emph.end type="italics"/>] may be &longs;een. </s><s>In which the point T. denotes the cen&shy;

<lb/>tre of the Earth; O the place of the Ob&longs;ervator; the Arch VPC 

<lb/>the Firmament; P. the Pole. </s><s>The <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;nomenon,<emph.end type="italics"/> [<emph type="italics"/>or appearance<emph.end type="italics"/>] 

<lb/>moving along the Circle F S. is &longs;een one while under the Pole by 

<lb/>the Ray O F C. and another while above, according to the Ray 

<lb/>O S D. &longs;o that the places &longs;een in the Firmament are D. and C. but 

<lb/>the true places in re&longs;pect of the Centre T, are B, and A, equidi&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tant from the Pole. </s><s>Where it is manife&longs;t that the apparent place 

<lb/>of the <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;nomenon<emph.end type="italics"/> S, that is the point D, is nearer to the Pole than 

<lb/>the other apparent place C, &longs;een along the Line or Ray O F C, 

<lb/>which is the fir&longs;t thing to be noted. </s><s>In the &longs;econd place you mu&longs;t 

<lb/>note that the exces of the apparent inferiour di&longs;tance from the Pole, 

<lb/>over and above the apparent &longs;uperiour di&longs;tance from the &longs;aid Pole, 

<lb/>is greater than the Inferiour Parallax of the <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;nomenon,<emph.end type="italics"/> that is, I 

<lb/>&longs;ay, that the exce&longs;&longs;e of the Arch C P, (the apparent inferior di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance) over and above the Arch P D, (the apparent &longs;uperior di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance) is greater then the Arch C A, (that is the inferiour Para&shy;

<lb/>lax.) Which is ea&longs;ily proved; for the Arch C P. more exceedeth 

<lb/>P D, then P B; P B, being bigger than P D, but P B. is equal to 

<lb/>P A, and the exce&longs;&longs;e of C P, above P A, is the arch, C A, there&shy;

<lb/>fore the exce&longs;&longs;e of the arch C P above the arch P D, is great&shy;

<lb/>er than the arch C A, which is the parallax of the Ph&aelig;nomenon 

<lb/>placed in F, which was to be demon&longs;trated. </s><s>And to give all ad&shy;

<lb/>vantages to the Author, let us &longs;uppo&longs;e that the parallax of the &longs;tar 

<lb/>in F, is the whole exce&longs;&longs;e of the arch C P (that is of the inferiour 

<lb/>di&longs;tance from the pole) above the arch P D (the inferiour di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance.) I proceed in the next place to examine that which the 

<lb/>ob&longs;ervations of all A&longs;tronomers cited by the Authour giveth us, 

<lb/>among&longs;t which, there is not one that maketh not again&longs;t him&longs;elf 

<lb/>and his purpo&longs;e. </s><s>And let us begin with the&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Bu&longs;chius,<emph.end type="italics"/> who 

<lb/>findeth the &longs;tars di&longs;tance from the pole, when it was &longs;uperiour, to be 

<lb/>28 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>10 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> and the inferiour to be 28 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>30 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;o that the ex&shy;

<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e is 0 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>20 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> which let us take (in favour of the Author) as 

<lb/>if it all were the parallax of the &longs;tar in F, that is the angle T F O. 

<lb/></s><s>Then the di&longs;tance from the <emph type="italics"/>Vertex<emph.end type="italics"/> [or Zenith] that is the arch 

<lb/>C V, is 67 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>20 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> The&longs;e two things being found, prolong the 

<lb/>line C O, and from it let fall the perpendicular T I, and let us 

<lb/>con&longs;ider the triangle T O I, of which the angle I is right angle, 

<lb/>and the angle I O T known, as being vertical to the angle V O C, 

<lb/>the di&longs;tance of the &longs;tar from the <emph type="italics"/>Vertex,<emph.end type="italics"/> Moreover in the triangle 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/297.jpg" pagenum="287"/>T I F, which is al&longs;o rectangular, there is known the angle F, ta&shy;

<lb/>ken by the parallax. </s><s>Then note in &longs;ome place apart the two an&shy;

<lb/>gles I O T and I F T, and of them take the &longs;ines, which are 

<lb/>here &longs;et down to them, as you &longs;een. </s><s>And becau&longs;e in the triangle 

<lb/>I O T, the &longs;ine T I is 92276. of tho&longs;e parts, whereof the whole 

<lb/>&longs;ine TO is 100000; and moreover in the triangle I F T, the &longs;ine T I 

<lb/>is 582. of tho&longs;e parts, whereof the whole &longs;ine T F is 100000, to 

<lb/>find how many T F is of tho&longs;e parts, whereof T O is 100000; 

<lb/>we will &longs;ay by the Rule of three: If T I be 582. T F is an 

<lb/>100000. but if T I were 92276. how much would T F be. 

<lb/></s><s>Let us multiply 92276. by 100000. and the product will be 

<lb/>9227600000. and this mu&longs;t be divided by 582. and the quotient 

<lb/>will be 15854982. and &longs;o many &longs;hall there be in T F of tho&longs;e 

<lb/>parts, of which there are in T O an 100000. So that if it were 

<lb/>required to know how many lines T O, are in T F, we would 

<lb/>divide 15854982 by 100000. and there will come forth 158. and 

<lb/>very near an half; and &longs;o many diameters &longs;hall be the di&longs;tance 

<lb/>of the &longs;tar F, from the centre T, and to abreviate the opera&shy;

<lb/>tion, we &longs;eeing, that the product of the multiplication of 92276. 

<lb/>by 100000, ought to be divided fir&longs;t by 582, and then the quo&shy;

<lb/>tient of that divi&longs;ion by 100000. we may without multiplying 

<lb/>92276. by 100000. and with one onely divi&longs;ion of the &longs;ine 

<lb/>92276. by the &longs;ine 582. &longs;oon obtain the &longs;ame &longs;olution, as may 

<lb/>be &longs;een there below; where 92276. divided by 582. giveth us the 

<lb/>&longs;aid 158 1/2, or thereabouts. </s><s>Let us bear in mind therefore, that 

<lb/>the onely divi&longs;ion of the &longs;ine T I, as the &longs;ine of the angle T O I 

<lb/>by the &longs;ine T I, as the &longs;ine of the angle I F T, giveth us the di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance &longs;ought T F, in &longs;o many diameters T O.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table59"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table60"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table61"></arrow.to.target></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/298.jpg" pagenum="288"/><table><table.target id="table59"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>I O T</cell><cell>67</cell><cell>20</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>92276</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>I F T</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>20</cell><cell></cell><cell>582</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table60"></table.target><row><cell>T I</cell><cell>T F</cell><cell>T I</cell><cell>T F</cell></row><row><cell>582</cell><cell>10000</cell><cell>92276</cell><cell>0</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table61"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>15854982</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>582</cell><cell>9227600000</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>3407002746</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>49297867</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>325414</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>100000</cell><cell>158</cell><cell>54982</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>158</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>582</cell><cell>92276</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>34070</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>492</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>3</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>See next that which the ob&longs;ervations of <emph type="italics"/>Peucerus<emph.end type="italics"/> giveth us, in 

<lb/>which the inferiour di&longs;tance from the Pole is 28 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>21 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> and the 

<lb/>&longs;uperiour 28 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>2 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> the difference 0 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>19 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> and the di&longs;tance 

<lb/>from the vertical point 66 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>27 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> from which particulars is ga&shy;

<lb/>thered the &longs;tars di&longs;tance from the centre almo&longs;t 166 &longs;emedia&shy;

<lb/>meters.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table62"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table63"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table62"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>I A C</cell><cell>66</cell><cell>27</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>91672</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>I E C</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>19</cell><cell></cell><cell>553</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table63"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>165 427/553</cell></row><row><cell>553</cell><cell>91672</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>36397</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>312</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Here take what <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> his ob&longs;ervation holdeth forth to us, in&shy;

<lb/>terpreted with greate&longs;t favour to the adver&longs;ary; to wit, the inferi&shy;

<lb/>our di&longs;tance from the pole is 28 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>13 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> and the &longs;uperiour 28 <emph type="italics"/>gr. 

<lb/></s><s>2 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> omitting the difference which is 0 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>11 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> as if all were one 

<lb/>Parallax; the di&longs;tance from the vertical point 62 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>15 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> Behold 

<lb/>here below the operation, and the di&longs;tance of the &longs;tar from the 

<lb/>centre found to be 976 9/16 &longs;emidiameters.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table64"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table65"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table64"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>I A C</cell><cell>62</cell><cell>15</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>88500</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>I E C</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>11</cell><cell></cell><cell>320</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table65"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>276 9/16</cell></row><row><cell>320</cell><cell>88500</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>2418</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The ob&longs;ervation of <emph type="italics"/>Reinholdus,<emph.end type="italics"/> which is the next en&longs;uing, giv&shy;

<lb/>eth us the di&longs;tance of the Star from the Centre 793. Semidia&shy;

<lb/>meters.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table66"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table67"></arrow.to.target></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/299.jpg" pagenum="289"/><table><table.target id="table66"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>I A C</cell><cell>66</cell><cell>58</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>92026</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>I E C</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>4</cell><cell></cell><cell>116</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table67"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>793 38/116</cell></row><row><cell>116</cell><cell>92026</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>10888</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>33</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>From the following ob&longs;ervation of the <emph type="italics"/>Landgrave,<emph.end type="italics"/> the di&longs;tance 

<lb/>of the Star from the Centre is made to be 1057, Semidiameters.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table68"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table69"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table68"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>I A C</cell><cell>66</cell><cell>57</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>92012</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>I E C</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>3</cell><cell></cell><cell>87</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table69"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>1057 53/87</cell></row><row><cell>87</cell><cell>92012</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>5663</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>5</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Two of the mo&longs;t favourable ob&longs;ervations for the Authour be&shy;

<lb/>ing taken from <emph type="italics"/>Camerarius,<emph.end type="italics"/> the di&longs;tance of the Star from the Cen&shy;

<lb/>tre is found to be 3143 Semidiameters.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table70"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="table71"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table70"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell><emph type="italics"/>m.<emph.end type="italics"/></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>I A C</cell><cell>65</cell><cell>43</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>91152</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>I E C</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>1</cell><cell></cell><cell>29</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table71"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>3143</cell></row><row><cell>29</cell><cell>91152</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4295</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The Ob&longs;ervation of <emph type="italics"/>Muno&longs;ius<emph.end type="italics"/> giveth no <emph type="italics"/>Parallax,<emph.end type="italics"/> and there&shy;

<lb/>fore rendreth the new Star among&longs;t the highe&longs;t of the fixed. </s><s>That 

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Hainzelius<emph.end type="italics"/> makes it infinitely remote, but with the correction 

<lb/>of an half <emph type="italics"/>min. </s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"/> placeth it among&longs;t the fixed Stars. </s><s>And the 

<lb/>&longs;ame is collected from <emph type="italics"/>Vr&longs;inus,<emph.end type="italics"/> with the correction of 12. <emph type="italics"/>min. </s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>The other A&longs;tronomers have not given us the di&longs;tance above and 

<lb/>below the Pole, &longs;o that nothing can be concluded from them. </s><s>By 

<lb/>this time you &longs;ee, that all the ob&longs;ervations of all the&longs;e men con&longs;pire 

<lb/>again&longs;t the Author, in placing the Star in the Heavenly and high&shy;

<lb/>e&longs;t Regions.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But what defence hath he for him&longs;elf again&longs;t &longs;o manife&longs;t 

<lb/>contradictions?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>He betakes him&longs;elf to one of tho&longs;e weak threads which 

<lb/>I &longs;peak of; &longs;aying that the <emph type="italics"/>Parallaxes<emph.end type="italics"/> come to be le&longs;&longs;ened by means 

<lb/>of the refractions, which opperating contrarily &longs;ublimate the <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;&shy;

<lb/>nomenon,<emph.end type="italics"/> whereas the <emph type="italics"/>Parallaxes<emph.end type="italics"/> aba&longs;e it. </s><s>Now of what little 

<lb/>&longs;tead this lamentable refuge is, judge by this, that in ca&longs;e that effectof 

<lb/>the refractions were of &longs;uch an efficacy, as that which not long time 

<lb/>&longs;ince &longs;ome A&longs;tronomers have introduced, the mo&longs;t that they could 

<lb/>work touching the elevating a <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;uomenon<emph.end type="italics"/> above the Horizon 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/300.jpg" pagenum="290"/>more than truth, when it is before hand 23. or 24. Degrees high, 

<lb/>would be the le&longs;&longs;ening its <emph type="italics"/>Parallax<emph.end type="italics"/> about 3. minutes, the which 

<lb/>abatement is too &longs;mall to pull down the Star below the Moon, and 

<lb/>in &longs;ome ca&longs;es is le&longs;&longs;e than the advantage given him by us in admit&shy;

<lb/>ting that the exce&longs;&longs;e of the inferiour di&longs;tance from the Pole above 

<lb/>the Superiour, is all <emph type="italics"/>Parallax,<emph.end type="italics"/> the which advantage is far more clear 

<lb/>and palpable than the effect of Refracton, of the greatne&longs;&longs;e of 

<lb/>which I &longs;tand in doubt, and not without rea&longs;on. </s><s>But be&longs;ides, I 

<lb/>demand of the Author, whether he thinks that tho&longs;e A&longs;tronomers, 

<lb/>of who&longs;e ob&longs;ervations he maketh u&longs;e, had knowledge of the&longs;e ef&shy;

<lb/>fects of Refractions, and con&longs;idered the &longs;ame, or no; if they did 

<lb/>know and con&longs;ider them, it is rea&longs;onable to think that the, kept ac&shy;

<lb/>count of them in a&longs;&longs;igning the true Elevation of the Star, making 

<lb/>in tho&longs;e degrees of Altitude di&longs;covered with the In&longs;truments, &longs;uch 

<lb/>abatements as were convenient on the account of the alterations 

<lb/>made by the Refractions; in&longs;omuch that the di&longs;tances by them de&shy;

<lb/>livered, were in the end tho&longs;e corrected and exact, and not the ap&shy;

<lb/>parent and fal&longs;e ones. </s><s>But if he think that tho&longs;e Authors made 

<lb/>no reflection upon the &longs;aid Refractions, it mu&longs;t be confe&longs;&longs;ed, that 

<lb/>they had in like manner erred in determining all tho&longs;e things which 

<lb/>cannot be perfectly adju&longs;ted without allowance for the Refracti&shy;

<lb/>ons; among&longs;t which things one is the preci&longs;e inve&longs;tigation of the 

<lb/>Polar Altitudes, which are commonly taken from the two Meridi&shy;

<lb/>an Altitudes of &longs;ome of the fixed Stars that are con&longs;tantly vi&longs;ible, 

<lb/>which Altitudes will come to be altered by Refraction in the &longs;ame 

<lb/>manner, ju&longs;t as tho&longs;e of the new Star; &longs;o that the Polar Altitude 

<lb/>that is deduced from them, will prove to be defective, and to par&shy;

<lb/>take of the &longs;elf &longs;ame want which this Author a&longs;&longs;igns to the Alti&shy;

<lb/>tudes a&longs;cribed to the new Star, to wit, both that and the&longs;e will 

<lb/>be with equal fal&longs;hood placed higher than really they are. </s><s>But any 

<lb/>&longs;uch errour, as far as concerns our pre&longs;ent bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e, doth no pre&shy;

<lb/>judce at all: For we not needing to know any more, but onely 

<lb/>the difference between the two di&longs;tances of the new Star from the 

<lb/>Pole at &longs;uch time as it was inferiour and &longs;uperiour, it is evident that 

<lb/>&longs;uch di&longs;tances would be the &longs;ame, taking the alteration of Refra&shy;

<lb/>ction commonly for the Star and for the Pole, or for them when 

<lb/>commonly amended. </s><s>The Authors Argument would indeed have 

<lb/>had &longs;ome &longs;trength, though very &longs;mall, if he had a&longs;&longs;ured us that 

<lb/>the Altitude of the Pole had been once preci&longs;ely a&longs;&longs;igned, and cor&shy;

<lb/>rected from the errour depending on refraction, from which a&shy;

<lb/>gain the A&longs;tronomers had not kept them&longs;elves in a&longs;&longs;igning the al&shy;

<lb/>titudes of the new Star; but he hath not a&longs;certained us of that, 

<lb/>nor perhaps could he have done, nor haply, (and this is more pro&shy;

<lb/>bable) was that caution wanting in the Ob&longs;ervators.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This argument is in my judgment &longs;ufficiently an&longs;wer&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/301.jpg" pagenum="291"/>ed; therefore tell me how he di&longs;-ingageth him&longs;elf in the next place 

<lb/>from that particular of the Stars having con&longs;tantly kept the &longs;ame 

<lb/>di&longs;tance from the fixed Stars circumjacent to it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>He betakes him&longs;elf, in like manner, to two threads, yet 

<lb/>more unable to uphold him than the former: one of which is like&shy;

<lb/>wi&longs;e fa&longs;tened to refraction, but &longs;o much le&longs;s firmly, in that he 

<lb/>&longs;aith, that refraction operating upon the new Star, and &longs;ublimating 

<lb/>it higher than its true &longs;ituation, maketh the &longs;eeming di&longs;tances un&shy;

<lb/>tain to be di&longs;tingui&longs;hed from the true, when compared to the cir&shy;

<lb/>cumpo&longs;ed fixed Stars that environ it. </s><s>Nor can I &longs;ufficiently ad&shy;

<lb/>mire how he can di&longs;&longs;emble his knowing how that the &longs;ame refra&shy;

<lb/>ction will work alike upon the new Star, as upon the antient one 

<lb/>its neighbour, elevating both equally, &longs;o as that &longs;uch a like acci&shy;

<lb/>dent altereth not the &longs;pace betwixt them. </s><s>His other &longs;ubterfuge is 

<lb/>yet more unhappy, and carryeth with it much of ridiculous, it be&shy;

<lb/>ing founded upon the errour that may ari&longs;e in the in&longs;trumen talo&shy;

<lb/>peration it &longs;elf; whil&longs;t that the Ob&longs;ervator not being able to 

<lb/>con&longs;titute the centre of the eyes pupil in the centre of the Sex&shy;

<lb/>tant (an In&longs;trument imployed in ob&longs;erving the di&longs;tance between 

<lb/>two Stars) but holding it elevated above that centre, as much as 

<lb/>the &longs;aid pupil is di&longs;tant from I know not what bone of the cheek, 

<lb/>again&longs;t which the end of the In&longs;trument re&longs;teth, there is formed 

<lb/>in the eye an angle more acute than that which is made by the &longs;ides 

<lb/>of the In&longs;trument; which angle of rayes differeth al&longs;o from it 

<lb/>&longs;elf, at &longs;uch time as a man looketh upon Stars, not much elevated 

<lb/>above the Horizon, and the &longs;ame being afterwards placed at a 

<lb/>great height; that angle, &longs;aith he, is made different, while the In&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trument goeth a&longs;cending, the head &longs;tanding &longs;till: but if in moun&shy;

<lb/>ting the In&longs;trument, the neck &longs;hould bend backwards, and the 

<lb/>head go ri&longs;ing, together with the In&longs;trument, the angle would then 

<lb/>continue the &longs;ame. </s><s>So that the Authours an&longs;wer &longs;uppo&longs;eth that 

<lb/>the Ob&longs;ervators in u&longs;ing the In&longs;trument have not rai&longs;ed the head, 

<lb/>as they ought to have done; a thing which hath nothing of likeli&shy;

<lb/>hood in it. </s><s>But granting that &longs;o it had been, I leave you to judge 

<lb/>what difference can be between two acute angles of two equicru&shy;

<lb/>ral triangles, the &longs;ides of one of which triangles are each four 

<lb/>[<emph type="italics"/>Italian] Braces<emph.end type="italics"/> [<emph type="italics"/>i.e.<emph.end type="italics"/> about three Engli&longs;h yards] and tho&longs;e of the 

<lb/>other, four braces within the quantity of the diameter of a Pea; 

<lb/>for the differences cannot be ab&longs;olutely greater between the length 

<lb/>of the two vi&longs;ive rayes, whil&longs;t the line is drawn perpendicularly 

<lb/>from the centre of the pupil, upon the plain of the Rule of the 

<lb/>Sextant (which line is no bigger than the breath of the thumb) 

<lb/>and the length of the &longs;ame rayes, whil&longs;t elevating the Sextant, 

<lb/>without rai&longs;ing the head together with it, that &longs;ame line no longer 

<lb/>falleth perpendicularly upon the &longs;aid plane, but inclineth, making 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/302.jpg" pagenum="292"/>the angle towards the circumference &longs;omething acute. </s><s>But wholly 

<lb/>to free this Authour from the&longs;e unhappy lies, let him know, (in re&shy;

<lb/>gard it appears that he is not very skilful in the u&longs;e of A&longs;tronomi&shy;

<lb/>call In&longs;truments) that in the &longs;ides of the Sextant or Quadrant 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg514"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>there are placed two ^{*} Sights, one in the centre, and the other at 

<lb/>the other at the oppo&longs;ite end, which are rai&longs;ed an inch or more a&shy;

<lb/>bove the plane of the Rule; and through the tops of tho&longs;e &longs;ights 

<lb/>the ray of the eye is made to pa&longs;&longs;e, which eye likewi&longs;e is held an 

<lb/>hands breadth or two, or it may be more, from the In&longs;trument; &longs;o 

<lb/>that neither the pupil, nor any bone of the cheek, nor of the whole 

<lb/>body toucheth or &longs;tayeth it &longs;elf upon the In&longs;trument, nor much 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e is the In&longs;trument upheld or mounted in the armes, e&longs;pecially 

<lb/>if it be one of tho&longs;e great ones, as is u&longs;ual, which weighing tens, 

<lb/>hundreds, and al&longs;o thou&longs;ands of pounds, are placed upon very 

<lb/>&longs;trong feet or frames: &longs;o that the whole objection vani&longs;heth. 

<lb/></s><s>The&longs;e are the &longs;ubterfuges of this Authour, which, though they were 

<lb/>all of &longs;teel, would not &longs;ecure him the hundredth part of a minute; 

<lb/>and with the&longs;e he conceits to make us believe, that he hath com&shy;

<lb/>pen&longs;ated that difference, which importeth more than an hundred 

<lb/>minutes; I mean, that of the not ob&longs;erving a notable difference 

<lb/>in the di&longs;tances between one of the fixed &longs;tars, and the new &longs;tar in 

<lb/>in any of their circulations; which, had it been neer to the Moon, 

<lb/>it ought to have been very con&longs;picuous to the meer &longs;ight, without 

<lb/>any In&longs;trument, e&longs;pecially comparing it with the eleventh of <emph type="italics"/>Ca&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;iopeia,<emph.end type="italics"/> its neighbour, within 1 <emph type="italics"/>gr. </s><s>30 m.<emph.end type="italics"/> which ought to have va&shy;

<lb/>ried from it more than two diameters of the moon, as the more 

<lb/>intelligent A&longs;tronomers of t' o&longs;e times do well note.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg514"></margin.target>* Traguardi.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Methinks I &longs;ee that unfortunate Husbandman, who af&shy;

<lb/>ter all his expected crops, have been beaten down and de&longs;troyed by 

<lb/>a &longs;torm, goeth up and down with a langui&longs;hing and down-ca&longs;t 

<lb/>look, gleaning up every &longs;mall ear that would not &longs;uffice to keep a 

<lb/>chicken alive one &longs;ole day.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Truly, this Authour came out too &longs;lenderly provided 

<lb/>with armes again&longs;t the a&longs;&longs;ailants of the Heavens inalterability, and 

<lb/>with too brittle a chain attempted to pull down the new &longs;tar of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ca&longs;&longs;iopeia<emph.end type="italics"/> from the highe&longs;t Regions, to the&longs;e &longs;o low and elementa&shy;

<lb/>ry. </s><s>And for that I think that we have &longs;ufficiently demon&longs;trated 

<lb/>the va&longs;t difference that is between the arguments of tho&longs;e A&longs;tro&shy;

<lb/>nomers, and of this their Antagoni&longs;t, it will be convenient that we 

<lb/>leave this particular, and return to our principal matter; in which 

<lb/>there pre&longs;ents it &longs;elf to our con&longs;ideration the annual motion com&shy;

<lb/>monly a&longs;cribed to the Sun, but by <emph type="italics"/>Aristarchus Samius<emph.end type="italics"/> fir&longs;t of all, 

<lb/>and after by <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> taken from the Sun, and transferred upon 

<lb/>the Earth; again&longs;t which Hypothe&longs;is, methinks I &longs;ee <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> to 

<lb/>come &longs;trongly provided, and particularly with the &longs;word and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/303.jpg" pagenum="293"/>buckler of the little Treati&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Conclu&longs;ions,<emph.end type="italics"/> or Di&longs;qui&longs;itions Ma&shy;

<lb/>thematical, the oppugnations of which it would be good to be&shy;

<lb/>gin to produce.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will, if you &longs;o plea&longs;e, re&longs;erve them to the la&longs;t, as tho&longs;e 

<lb/>that are of late&longs;t invention.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It will therefore be nece&longs;&longs;ary, that in conformity to the 

<lb/>method hitherto ob&longs;erved, you do orderly, one by one, propound 

<lb/>the arguments, on the contrary, a&longs;well of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> as of the o&shy;

<lb/>ther ancients, which &longs;hall be my task al&longs;o, that &longs;o nothing may e&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cape our &longs;trict con&longs;ideration and examination; and likewi&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Sa&shy;

<lb/>gredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> with the vivacity of his wit, &longs;hall interpo&longs;e his thoughts, as 

<lb/>he &longs;hall finde him&longs;elf inclined.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I will do it with my wonted freedome; and your com&shy;

<lb/>mands &longs;hall oblige you to excu&longs;e me in &longs;o doing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The favour will challenge thanks, and not an excu&longs;e. 

<lb/></s><s>But now let <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> begin to propo&longs;e tho&longs;e doubts which di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;wade him from believing that the Earth, in like manner, as the 

<lb/>other pianets, may move round about a fixed centre.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The fir&longs;t and greate&longs;t difficulty is the repugnance and 

<lb/>incompatibility that is between being in the centre, and being far 

<lb/>from it; for if the Terre&longs;trial Globe were to move in a year by 

<lb/>the circumference of a circle, that is, under the Zodiack, it is im&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible that it &longs;hould, at the &longs;ame time, be in the centre of the Zo&shy;

<lb/>diack; but that the Earth is in the &longs;aid centre <emph type="italics"/>Aristotle, Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and others have many wayes proved.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You very well argue, aud there is no que&longs;tion but that 

<lb/>one that would make the Earth to move in the circumference of a 

<lb/>circle, mu&longs;t fir&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity prove, that it is not in the centre of 

<lb/>that &longs;ame circle; it now followeth, that we enquire, whether the 

<lb/>Earth be, or be not in that centre, about which, I &longs;ay, that it tur&shy;

<lb/>neth, and you &longs;ay that it is fixed; and before we &longs;peak of this, it 

<lb/>is likewi&longs;e nece&longs;&longs;ary that we declare our &longs;elves, whether you and I 

<lb/>have both the &longs;ame conceit of this centre, or no. </s><s>Therefore tell 

<lb/>me, what and where is this your intended centre?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>When I &longs;peak of the centre, I mean that of the Uni&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;e, that of the World, that of the Starry Sphere.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Although I might very rationally put it in di&longs;pute, whe&shy;

<lb/>ther there be any &longs;uch centre in nature, or no; being that neither 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg515"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>you nor any one el&longs;e hath ever proved, whether the World be fi&shy;

<lb/>nite and figurate, or el&longs;e infinite and interminate; yet neverthele&longs;s 

<lb/>granting you, for the pre&longs;ent, that it is finite, and of a terminate 

<lb/>Spherical Figure, and that thereupon it hath its centre; it will be 

<lb/>requi&longs;ite to &longs;ee how credible it is that the Earth, and not rather 

<lb/>&longs;ome other body, doth po&longs;&longs;e&longs;&longs;e the &longs;aid centre.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg515"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It hath not been 

<lb/>hitherto proved by 

<lb/>any, whether the 

<lb/>World be finite or 

<lb/>infinite.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>That the world is finite, terminato, and &longs;pherical, <emph type="italics"/>Ari-<emph.end type="italics"/>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/304.jpg" pagenum="294"/><emph type="italics"/>&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> proveth with an hundred demon&longs;trations.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg516"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg516"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Demon&longs;tra&shy;

<lb/>tions of<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>to Prove that the 

<lb/>Vniver&longs;e is finite, 

<lb/>are all nullified by 

<lb/>denying it to be 

<lb/>moveable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>All which in the end are reduced to one alone, and that 

<lb/>one to none at all; for if I deny his a&longs;&longs;umption, to wit, that the 

<lb/>Univer&longs;e is moveable, all his demon&longs;trations come to nothing, for 

<lb/>he onely proveth the Univer&longs;e to be finite and terminate, for that 

<lb/>it is moveable. </s><s>But that we may not multiply di&longs;putes, let it be 

<lb/>granted for once, that the World is finite, &longs;pherical, and hath 

<lb/>its centre. </s><s>And &longs;eeing that that centre and figure is argued from 

<lb/>its mobility, it will, without doubt, be very rea&longs;onable, if from the 

<lb/>circular motions of mundane bodies we proceed to the particular 

<lb/>inve&longs;tigation of that centres proper place: Nay <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg517"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>hath argued and determined in the &longs;ame manner, making that 

<lb/>&longs;ame to be the centre of the Univer&longs;e about which all the C&oelig;le&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;tial Spheres revolve, and in which he beleived the Terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe to have been placed. </s><s>Now tell me <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> if <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg518"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;hould be con&longs;trained by evident experience to alter in part this 

<lb/>his di&longs;po&longs;ure and order of the Univer&longs;e, and confe&longs;&longs;e him&longs;elf to 

<lb/>have been deceived in one of the&longs;e two propo&longs;itions, namely, ei&shy;

<lb/>ther in placing the Earth in the centre, or in &longs;aying, that the 

<lb/>C&oelig;le&longs;tial Spheres do move about that centre, which of the two 

<lb/>confe&longs;&longs;ions think you would he choo&longs;e?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg517"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle makes 

<lb/>that point to be the 

<lb/>centre of the Uni&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;e about which 

<lb/>all the Cele&longs;tial 

<lb/>Spheres do revolve.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg518"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A que&longs;tion is 

<lb/>put, in ca&longs;e that 

<lb/>if<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>were 

<lb/>forced to receive 

<lb/>one of two propo&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>tions that make a&shy;

<lb/>gain&longs;t his doctrine, 

<lb/>which he would 

<lb/>admit.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe, that if it &longs;hould &longs;o fall out, the <emph type="italics"/>Peripate&shy;

<lb/>ticks.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I do not ask the <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks,<emph.end type="italics"/> I demand of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>for as to tho&longs;e, I know very well what they would reply; they, as 

<lb/>ob&longs;ervant and humble va&longs;&longs;als of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> would deny all the ex&shy;

<lb/>periments and all the ob&longs;ervations in the World, nay, would al&longs;o 

<lb/>refu&longs;e to &longs;ee them, that they might not be forced to acknowledg 

<lb/>them, and would &longs;ay that the World &longs;tands as <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> writeth, 

<lb/>and not as nature will have it, for depriving them of the &longs;hield 

<lb/>of his Authority, with what do you think they would appear in the 

<lb/>field? </s><s>Tell me therefore what you are per&longs;waded <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> him&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elf would do in the ca&longs;e.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>To tell you the truth, I know not how to re&longs;olve 

<lb/>which of the two inconveniences is to be e&longs;teemed the le&longs;&longs;er.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Apply not I pray you this term of inconvenience to a 

<lb/>thing which po&longs;&longs;ibly may of nece&longs;&longs;ity be &longs;o. </s><s>It was an inconveni&shy;

<lb/>ence to place the Earth in the centre of the C&oelig;le&longs;tial revolutions; 

<lb/>but &longs;eeing you know not to which part he would incline, I e&shy;

<lb/>&longs;teeming him to be a man of great judgment, let us examine 

<lb/>which of the two choices is the more rational, and that we will 

<lb/>hold that <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> would have received. </s><s>Rea&longs;&longs;uming therefore our 

<lb/>di&longs;cour&longs;e from the beginning, we &longs;uppo&longs;e with the good liking of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> that the World (of the magnitude of which we have 

<lb/>no &longs;en&longs;ible notice beyond the fixed &longs;tars) as being of a &longs;pherical 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/305.jpg" pagenum="295"/>figure; and moveth circularly, hath nece&longs;&longs;arily, and in re&longs;pect of 

<lb/>its figure a centre; and we being moreover certain, that within 

<lb/>the &longs;tarry Sphere there are many Orbs, the one within another, 

<lb/>with their &longs;tars, which likewi&longs;e do move circulary, it is in di&longs;pute 

<lb/>whether it is mo&longs;t rea&longs;onable to believe and to &longs;ay that the&longs;e con&shy;

<lb/>teined Orbs do move round the &longs;aid centre of the World, or el&longs;e 

<lb/>about &longs;ome other centre far remote from that? </s><s>Tell me now <emph type="italics"/>Sim&shy;

<lb/>plicius<emph.end type="italics"/> what you think concerning this particular.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>If we could &longs;tay upon this onely &longs;uppo&longs;ition, and that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg519"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>we were &longs;ure that we might encounter nothing el&longs;e that might di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;turb us, I would &longs;ay that it were much more rea&longs;onable to af&shy;

<lb/>firm that the Orb containing, and the parts contained, do all 

<lb/>move about one common centre, than about divers.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg519"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Its more ratio&shy;

<lb/>nal that the Orb 

<lb/>conteining, and the 

<lb/>parts conteined, do 

<lb/>move all about one 

<lb/>centre, than uoon 

<lb/>divers.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now if it were true that the centre of the World is the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg520"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;ame about which the Orbs of mundane bodies, that is to &longs;ay, of 

<lb/>the Planets, move, it is mo&longs;t certain that it is not the Earth, but 

<lb/>the Sun rather that is fixed in the centre of the World. </s><s>So that as 

<lb/>to this fir&longs;t &longs;imple and general apprehen&longs;ion, the middle place 

<lb/>belongeth to the Sun, and the Earth is as far remote from the 

<lb/>centre, as it is from that &longs;ame Sun.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg520"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>If the centre of 

<lb/>the World be the 

<lb/>&longs;ame with that a&shy;

<lb/>bout which the via&shy;

<lb/>nees move the Sun 

<lb/>and not the Earth 

<lb/>is placed in it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But from whence do you argue that not the Earth, but 

<lb/>the Sun is in the centre of the Planetary revolutions?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I infer the &longs;ame from mo&longs;t evident, and therefore ne&shy;

<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;arily concludent ob&longs;ervations, of which the mo&longs;t palpable to 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg521"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>exclude the Earth from the &longs;aid centre, and to place the Sun 

<lb/>therein, are, the &longs;eeing all the Planets one while neerer and ano&shy;

<lb/>ther while farther off from the Earth with &longs;o great differences, that 

<lb/>for example, <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> when it is at the farthe&longs;t, is &longs;ix times more 

<lb/>remote from us, than when it is neere&longs;t, and <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> ri&longs;eth almo&longs;t 

<lb/>eight times as high at one time as at another. </s><s>See therefore whe&shy;

<lb/>ther <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> was not &longs;omewhat mi&longs;taken in thinking that it was 

<lb/>at all times couidi&longs;tant from us.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg521"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Ob&longs;ervations from 

<lb/>whence it is col&shy;

<lb/>lected that the Sun 

<lb/>and not the Earth 

<lb/>is in the centre of 

<lb/>the Cele&longs;tial revo&shy;

<lb/>lutions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>What in the next place are the tokens that their moti&shy;

<lb/>ons are about the Sun?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is argued in the three &longs;uperiour planets <emph type="italics"/>Mars, Jupi&shy;

<lb/>ter,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> in that we find them alwayes neere&longs;t to the 

<lb/>Earth when they are in oppo&longs;ition to the Sun, and farthe&longs;t off 

<lb/>when they are towards the conjunction, and this approximatian 

<lb/>and rece&longs;&longs;ion importeth thus much that <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> neer at hand, ap&shy;

<lb/>peareth very neer 60 times greater than when it is remote. </s><s>As to 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg522"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> in the next place, and to <emph type="italics"/>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"/> we are certain that 

<lb/>they revolve about the Sun, in that they never move far from 

<lb/>him, and in that we &longs;ee them one while above and another while 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg523"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>below it, as the mutations of figure in <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> nece&longs;&longs;arily argueth. 

<lb/></s><s>Tonchiug the Moon it is certain, that &longs;he cannot in any way 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/306.jpg" pagenum="296"/>&longs;eperate from the Earth, for the rea&longs;ons that &longs;hall be more di&longs;tinct&shy;

<lb/>ly alledged hereafter.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg522"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The mutation 

<lb/>of figure in<emph.end type="italics"/> Venus 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>argueth its motion 

<lb/>to be about the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg523"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moon can&shy;

<lb/>not &longs;eperate from 

<lb/>the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I expect that I &longs;hall hear more admirable things that 

<lb/>depend upon this annual motion of the Earth, than were tho&longs;e 

<lb/>dependant upon the diurnal revolution.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg524"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg524"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The annual mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the Earth 

<lb/>mixing with the 

<lb/>motions of the o&shy;

<lb/>ther Planets pro&shy;

<lb/>duce extravagant 

<lb/>appearances.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You do not therein erre: For as to the operation of 

<lb/>the diurnal motion upon the Cele&longs;tial bodies, it neither was, nor 

<lb/>can be other, than to make the Univer&longs;e &longs;eem to run precipitately 

<lb/>the contrary way; but this annual motion intermixing with the 

<lb/>particular motions of all the planets, produceth very many ex&shy;

<lb/>travagancies, which have di&longs;armed and non-plu&longs;t all the greate&longs;t 

<lb/>Scholars in the World. </s><s>But returning to our fir&longs;t general appre&shy;

<lb/>hen&longs;ions, I reply that the centre of the Cele&longs;tial conver&longs;ions of 

<lb/>the five planets <emph type="italics"/>Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"/> is 

<lb/>the Sun; and &longs;hall be likewi&longs;e the centre of the motion of the 

<lb/>Earth, if we do but &longs;ucceed in our attempt of placing it in Hea&shy;

<lb/>ven. </s><s>And as for the Moon, this hath a circular motion about the 

<lb/>Earth, from which (as I &longs;aid before) it can by no means alienate 

<lb/>it &longs;elf, but yet doth it not cea&longs;e to go about the Sun together with 

<lb/>the Earth in an annual motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I do not as yet very well apprehend this &longs;tructure, but 

<lb/>it may be, that with making a few draughts thereof, one may bet&shy;

<lb/>ter and more ea&longs;ily di&longs;cour&longs;e concerning the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Tis very true: yea for your greater &longs;atisfaction and ad&shy;

<lb/>miration together, I de&longs;ire you, that you would take the pains 

<lb/>to draw the &longs;ame; and to &longs;ee that although you think you do not 

<lb/>apprehend it, yet you very perfectly under&longs;tand it; And onely 

<lb/>by an&longs;wering to my interrogations you &longs;hall de&longs;igne it punctually. </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg525"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Take therefore a &longs;heet of paper and Compa&longs;les; And let this 

<lb/>white paper be the immen&longs;e expan&longs;ion of the Univer&longs;e; in which 

<lb/>you are to di&longs;tribute and di&longs;po&longs;e its parts in order, according as 

<lb/>rea&longs;on &longs;hall direct you. </s><s>And fir&longs;t, in regard that without my in&shy;

<lb/>&longs;truction you verily believe that the Earth is placed in this Uni&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;e, therefore note a point at plea&longs;ure, about which you in&shy;

<lb/>tend it to to be placed, and mark it with &longs;ome characters.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg525"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Sy&longs;teme of 

<lb/>the Univer&longs;e de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;igned from the ap&shy;

<lb/>pearances.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Let this mark A be the place of the Terre&longs;trial Globe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Very well. </s><s>I know &longs;econdly, that you under&longs;tand per&shy;

<lb/>fectly that the &longs;aid Earth is not within the body of the Sun, nor 

<lb/>&longs;o much as contiguous to it, but di&longs;tant for &longs;ome &longs;pace from the 

<lb/>&longs;ame, and therefore a&longs;&longs;ign to the Sun what other place you be&longs;t 

<lb/>like, as remote from the Earth as you plea&longs;e, and mark this in 

<lb/>like manner.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Here it is done: Let the place of the Solar body 

<lb/>be O.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The&longs;e two being con&longs;tituted, I de&longs;ire that we may 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/307.jpg" pagenum="297"/>think of accomodating the body of <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> in &longs;uch a manner that 

<lb/>its &longs;tate and motion may agree with what &longs;en&longs;ible experiments do 

<lb/>&longs;hew us; and therefore recall to mind that. </s><s>which either by the 

<lb/>pa&longs;t di&longs;cour&longs;es, or your own ob&longs;ervations you have learnt to be&shy;

<lb/>fal that &longs;tar, and afterwards a&longs;&longs;ign unto it that &longs;tate which you 

<lb/>think agreeth with the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Suppo&longs;ing tho&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;nomena<emph.end type="italics"/> expre&longs;&longs;ed by you, and 

<lb/>which I have likewi&longs;e read in the little treati&longs;e of Conclu&longs;ions, to 

<lb/><figure id="id.065.01.307.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/307/1.jpg"/>

<lb/>be true, namely, that that &longs;tar never recedes from the Sun beyond 

<lb/>&longs;uch a determinate &longs;pace of 40 degrees or thereabouts, &longs;o as that 

<lb/>it never cometh either to appo&longs;ition with the Sun, or &longs;o much as 

<lb/>to quadrature, or yet to the &longs;extile a&longs;pect; and more than that, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg526"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;ing that it &longs;heweth at one time almo&longs;t 40 times greater than 

<lb/>at another; namely, very great, when being retrograde, it goeth to 

<lb/>the ve&longs;pertine conjnnction of the Sun, and very &longs;mall when with a 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/308.jpg" pagenum="298"/>motion &longs;traight forwards, it goeth to the matutine conjunction; 

<lb/>and moreover it being true, that when it appeareth bigge it &longs;hews 

<lb/>with a corniculate figure, and when it appeareth little, it &longs;eems 

<lb/>perfectly round, the&longs;e appearances, I &longs;ay, being true, I do not &longs;ee 

<lb/>how one can choo&longs;e but affirm the &longs;aid &longs;tar to revolve in a circle a&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg527"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>bout the Sun, for that the &longs;aid circle cannot in any wi&longs;e be &longs;aid 

<lb/>to encompa&longs;&longs;e or to contain the Earth within it, nor to be inferi&shy;

<lb/>our to the Sun, that is between it and the Earth, nor yet &longs;upe&shy;

<lb/>riour to the Sun. </s><s>That circle cannot incompa&longs;&longs;e the Earth, be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> would then &longs;ometimes come to oppofition with the 

<lb/>Sun; it cannot be inferiour, for then <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> in both its conjuncti&shy;

<lb/>ons with the Sun would &longs;eem horned; nor can it be &longs;uperiour, 

<lb/>for then it would alwayes appear round, and never cornicular; 

<lb/>and therefore for receit of it I will draw the circle CH, about 

<lb/>the Sun, without encompa&longs;&longs;ing the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg526"></margin.target>Venus <emph type="italics"/>very greas 

<lb/>towards the re&longs;pe&shy;

<lb/>ctive conjunction 

<lb/>and very &longs;mall to&shy;

<lb/>wards the matu&shy;

<lb/>tine.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg527"></margin.target>Venus <emph type="italics"/>nece&longs;&longs;a&shy;

<lb/>rily proved to move 

<lb/>about the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Having placed <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> it is requi&longs;ite that you think of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"/> which, as you know, alwayes keeping about the Sun, 

<lb/>doth recede le&longs;&longs;e di&longs;tance from it than <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/>; therefore con&longs;ider 

<lb/>with your &longs;elf, what place is mo&longs;t convenient to a&longs;&longs;ign it.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg528"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg528"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The revolution of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Mercury <emph type="italics"/>concluded 

<lb/>to be about the Sun, 

<lb/>within the Orb of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Venus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It is not to be que&longs;tioned, but that this Planet imitat&shy;

<lb/>ing <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> the mo&longs;t commodious place for it will be, a le&longs;&longs;er cir&shy;

<lb/>cle within this of <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> in like manner about the Sun, being 

<lb/>that of its greate&longs;t vicinity to the Sun, an argument, an evidence 

<lb/>&longs;ufficiently proving the vigour of its illumination, above that of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and of the other Planets, we may therefore upon the&longs;e 

<lb/>con&longs;iderations draw its Circle, marking it with the Characters 

<lb/>BG.</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg529"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg529"></margin.target>Mars <emph type="italics"/>nece&longs;&longs;arily 

<lb/>includeth within its 

<lb/>Orb the Earth, and 

<lb/>al&longs;o the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But <emph type="italics"/>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"/> Where &longs;hall we place it?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"/>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"/> Becau&longs;e it comes to an oppo&longs;ition with the Sun, 

<lb/>its Circle mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity encompa&longs;s the Earth; But I &longs;ee that it 

<lb/>mu&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arily encompa&longs;s the Sun al&longs;o, for coming to conjuncti&shy;

<lb/>on with the Sun, if it did not move over it, but were below it, it 

<lb/>would appear horned, as <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> and the Moon; but it &longs;hews al&shy;

<lb/>wayes round, and therefore it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that it no le&longs;s includ&shy;</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg530"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>eth the Sun within its circle than the Earth. </s><s>And becau&longs;e I re&shy;

<lb/>member that you did &longs;ay, that when it is in oppo&longs;ition with the 

<lb/>Sun, it &longs;eems 60 times bigger than when it is in the conjunction, 

<lb/>me thinks that a Circle about the Centre of the Sun, and that tak&shy;

<lb/>eth in the earth, will very well agree with the&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;nomena,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>which I do note and mark D I, where <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> in the point D, is near 

<lb/>to the earth, and oppo&longs;ite to the Sun; but when it is in the point 

<lb/>I, it is at Conjuction with the Sun, but very far from the Earth. 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg531"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>And becau&longs;e the &longs;ame appearances are ob&longs;erved in <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> although with much le&longs;&longs;er difference in <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> than in 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"/> and with yet le&longs;&longs;e in <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> than in <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/>; me thinks I 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/309.jpg" pagenum="299"/>under&longs;tand that we &longs;hould very commodiou&longs;ly &longs;alve all the <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;&shy;

<lb/>nomena<emph.end type="italics"/> of the&longs;e two Planets, with two Circles, in like manner, 

<lb/>drawn about the Sun, and this fir&longs;t for <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> marking it E L, and 

<lb/>another above that for <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> marked F M.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg532"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg530"></margin.target>Mars <emph type="italics"/>at its oppo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ition to the Sun 

<lb/>&longs;hews to be &longs;ixty 

<lb/>times bigger than 

<lb/>towards the con&shy;

<lb/>junction.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg531"></margin.target>Jupiter <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> Sa&shy;

<lb/>turn <emph type="italics"/>do likewi&longs;e en&shy;

<lb/>compa&longs;&longs;e the Earth, 

<lb/>and the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg532"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The approxima&shy;

<lb/>tion and rece&longs;&longs;ion of 

<lb/>the three &longs;uperiour 

<lb/>Planets, importeth 

<lb/>double the Suns di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You have behaved your &longs;elf bravely hitherto. </s><s>And 

<lb/>becau&longs;e (as you &longs;ee) the approach and rece&longs;&longs;ion of the three Su&shy;

<lb/>periour Planets is mea&longs;ured with double the di&longs;tance between the 

<lb/>Earth and Sun, this maketh greater difference in <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> than in <emph type="italics"/>Ju-<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg533"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>piter,<emph.end type="italics"/> the Circle D I, of <emph type="italics"/>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"/> being le&longs;&longs;er than the Circle E L, 

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> and likewi&longs;e becau&longs;e this E L, is le&longs;&longs;e than this Circle 

<lb/>F M, of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> the &longs;aid difference is al&longs;o yet le&longs;&longs;er in <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> than 

<lb/>in <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> and that punctually an&longs;wereth the <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;nomena.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>It remains now that you a&longs;&longs;ign a place to the Moon.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg533"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The difference of 

<lb/>the apparent mag&shy;

<lb/>nitude le&longs;&longs;e in<emph.end type="italics"/> Sa&shy;

<lb/>turn, <emph type="italics"/>than in<emph.end type="italics"/> Jupi&shy;

<lb/>ter, <emph type="italics"/>an dn<emph.end type="italics"/> Jupiter 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>than in<emph.end type="italics"/> Mars, <emph type="italics"/>and 

<lb/>why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Following the &longs;ame Method (which &longs;eems to me very 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg534"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>conclu&longs;ive) in regard we &longs;ee that the Moon cometh to conjunction 

<lb/>and oppo&longs;ition with the Sun, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary to &longs;ay, that its circle 

<lb/>encompa&longs;&longs;eth the Earth, but yet doth it not follow, that it mu&longs;t 

<lb/>environ the Sun, for then at that time towards its conjunction, it 

<lb/>would not &longs;eem horned, but alwayes round and full of Light. 

<lb/></s><s>Moreover it could never make, as it often doth, the Eclip&longs;e of the 

<lb/>Sun, by interpo&longs;ing betwixt it and us; It is nece&longs;&longs;ary therefore 

<lb/>to a&longs;&longs;ign it a circle about the Earth, which &longs;hould be this N P, &longs;o 

<lb/>that being con&longs;tituted in P, it will appear from the Earth A, to be 

<lb/>in conjunction with the Sun, and placed in N, it appeareth oppo&longs;ite 

<lb/>to the Sun, and in that po&longs;ition it may fall under the Earths &longs;ha&shy;

<lb/>dow, and be ob&longs;cured.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg534"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moons Orb 

<lb/>invironeth the 

<lb/>Earth, but not the 

<lb/>Sun.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Now, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> what &longs;hall we do with the fixed 

<lb/>&longs;tars? </s><s>Shall we &longs;uppo&longs;e them &longs;cattered through the immen&longs;e abi&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;es of the Univer&longs;e, at different di&longs;tances, from any one determi&shy;

<lb/>nate point; or el&longs;e placed in a &longs;uperficies &longs;pherically di&longs;tended a&shy;

<lb/>bout a centre of its own, &longs;o that each of them may be equi&shy;

<lb/>di&longs;tant from the &longs;aid centre?

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg535"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg535"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The probable 

<lb/>&longs;ituation of the 

<lb/>fixed &longs;tars.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I would rather take a middle way; and would a&longs;&longs;ign 

<lb/>them an Orb de&longs;cribed about a determinate centre and comprized 

<lb/>within two &longs;pherical &longs;uperficies, to wit, one very high, and con&shy;

<lb/>cave, and the other lower, and convex, betwixt which I would </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg536"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>con&longs;titute the innumerable multitude of &longs;tars, but yet at divers al&shy;

<lb/>titudes, and this might be called the Sphere of the Univer&longs;e, contein&shy;

<lb/>ing within it the Orbs of the planets already by us de&longs;cribed.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg536"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Which ought to 

<lb/>be accounted the 

<lb/>&longs;phere of the Vm&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But now we have all this while, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> di&longs;po&longs;ed the 

<lb/>mundane bodies exactly, according to the order of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and we have done it with your hand; and moreover to each of 

<lb/>them you have a&longs;&longs;igned peculiar motions of their own, except to 

<lb/>the Sun, the Earth, and &longs;tarry Sphere; and to <emph type="italics"/>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"/> with 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> you have a&longs;cribed the circular motion about the Sun, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/310.jpg" pagenum="300"/>without encompa&longs;&longs;ing the Earth; about the &longs;ame Sun you make 

<lb/>the three &longs;uperiour Planets <emph type="italics"/>Mars, Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> to move, 

<lb/>comprehending the Earth within their circles. </s><s>The Moon in the 

<lb/>next place can move in no other manner than about the Earth, 

<lb/>without taking in the Sun, and in all the&longs;e motions you agree al&longs;o 

<lb/>with the &longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"/> There remains now three things to be 

<lb/>decided between the Sun, the Earth, and fixed &longs;tars, namely, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg537"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Re&longs;t, which &longs;eemeth to belong to the Earth; the annual motion 

<lb/>under the Zodiack, which appeareth to pertain to the Sun; and the 

<lb/>diurnal motion, which &longs;eems to belong to the Starry Sphere, and 

<lb/>to be by that imparted to all the re&longs;t of the Univer&longs;e, the Earth 

<lb/>excepted, And it being true that all the Orbs of the Planets, I 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg538"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>mean of <emph type="italics"/>Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> do move 

<lb/>about the Sun as their centre; re&longs;t &longs;eemeth with &longs;o much more 

<lb/>rea&longs;on to belong to the &longs;aid Sun, than to the Earth, in as much 

<lb/>as in a moveable Sphere, it is more rea&longs;onable that the centre 

<lb/>&longs;tand &longs;till, than any other place remote from the &longs;aid centre; to 

<lb/>the Earth therefore, which is con&longs;tituted in the mid&longs;t of move&shy;

<lb/>able parts of the Univer&longs;e, I mean between <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"/> one 

<lb/>of which maketh its revolution in nine moneths, and the other in 

<lb/>two years, may the motion of a year very commodiou&longs;ly be a&longs;&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg539"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;igned, leaving re&longs;t to the Sun. </s><s>And if that be &longs;o, it followeth 

<lb/>of nece&longs;&longs;ary con&longs;equence, that likewi&longs;e the diurnal motion be&shy;

<lb/>longeth to the Earth; for, if the Sun &longs;tanding &longs;till, the Earth 

<lb/>&longs;hould not revolve about its &longs;elf, but have onely the annual mo&shy;

<lb/>tion about the Sun, our year would be no other than one day and 

<lb/>one night, that is &longs;ix moneths of day, and &longs;ix moneths of night, 

<lb/>as hath already been &longs;aid. </s><s>You may con&longs;ider withal how commo&shy;

<lb/>diou&longs;ly the precipitate motion of 24 hours is taken away from 

<lb/>the Univer&longs;e, and the fixed &longs;tars that are &longs;o many Suns, are made 

<lb/>in conformity to our Sun to enjoy a perpetual re&longs;t. </s><s>You &longs;ee more&shy;

<lb/>over what facility one meets with in this rough draught to render 

<lb/>the rea&longs;on of &longs;o great appearances in the Cele&longs;tial bodies.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg537"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Re&longs;t, the annual 

<lb/>motion and the di&shy;

<lb/>urnal ought to be 

<lb/>di&longs;tributed be&shy;

<lb/>twixt the Sun, 

<lb/>Earth, and Fir&shy;

<lb/>mament.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg538"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In a moveable 

<lb/>&longs;phere, it &longs;eemeth 

<lb/>more vea&longs;onable 

<lb/>that its centre be 

<lb/>&longs;table, than any o&shy;

<lb/>ther of its parts.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg539"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Granting to the 

<lb/>Earth the annual, 

<lb/>it mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity 

<lb/>al&longs;o have the diur&shy;

<lb/>nal motion a&longs;&longs;ign&shy;

<lb/>ed to it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I very well perceive that facility, but as you from this 

<lb/>&longs;implicity collect great probabilities for the truth of that Sy&longs;tem, 

<lb/>others haply could make thence contrary deductions; doubting, 

<lb/>not without rea&longs;on, why that &longs;ame being the ancient Sy&longs;teme of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Pythagoreans,<emph.end type="italics"/> and &longs;o well accommodated to the <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;nomena,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>hath in the &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ion of &longs;o many thou&longs;and years had &longs;o few fol&shy;

<lb/>lowers, and hath been even by <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf refuted, and 

<lb/>&longs;ince that <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf hath had no better fortune.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If you had at any time been a&longs;&longs;aulted, as I have been, 

<lb/>many and many a time, with the relation of &longs;uch kind of frivolous 

<lb/>rea&longs;ons, as &longs;erve to make the vulgar contumacious, and difficult to 

<lb/>be per&longs;waded to hearken, (I will not &longs;ay to con&longs;ent) to this novel&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/311.jpg" pagenum="301"/>ty, I believe that you wonder at the paucity of tho&longs;e who are fol&shy;

<lb/>lowers of that opinion would be much dimini&longs;hed. </s><s>But &longs;mall re&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg540"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>gard in my judgement, ought to be had of &longs;uch thick &longs;culs, as think 

<lb/>it a mo&longs;t convincing proof to confirm, and &longs;teadfa&longs;tly &longs;ettle them 

<lb/>in the belief of the earths immobility, to &longs;ee that if this day they 

<lb/>cannot Dine at <emph type="italics"/>Con&longs;tantinople,<emph.end type="italics"/> nor Sup in <emph type="italics"/>Jappan,<emph.end type="italics"/> that then the 

<lb/>Earth as being a mo&longs;t grave body cannot clamber above the Sun, 

<lb/>and then &longs;lide headlong down again; Of &longs;uch as the&longs;e I &longs;ay, 

<lb/>who&longs;e number is infinite, we need not make any reckoning, nor 

<lb/>need we to record their foolieries, or to &longs;trive to gain to our &longs;ide 

<lb/>as our partakers in &longs;ubtil and &longs;ublime opinions, men in who&longs;e de&shy;

<lb/>finition the kind onely is concerned, and the difference is wanting. 

<lb/></s><s>Moreover, what ground do you think you could be able to gain, 

<lb/>with all the demon&longs;trations of the World upon brains &longs;o &longs;tupid, 

<lb/>as are not able of them&longs;elves to know their down right follies? </s><s>But 

<lb/>my admiration, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> is very different from yours, you won&shy;

<lb/>der that &longs;o few are followers of the <emph type="italics"/>Pythagorean<emph.end type="italics"/> Opinion; and I 

<lb/>am amazed how there could be any yet left till now that do em&shy;

<lb/>brace and follow it: Nor can I &longs;ufficiently admire the eminencie of 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg541"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tho&longs;e mens wits that have received and held it to be true, and with 

<lb/>the &longs;prightline&longs;&longs;e of their judgements offered &longs;uch violence to their 

<lb/>own &longs;ences, as that they have been able to prefer that which their 

<lb/>rea&longs;on dictated to them, to that which &longs;en&longs;ible experiments re&shy;

<lb/>pre&longs;ented mo&longs;t manife&longs;tly on the contrary. </s><s>That the rea&longs;ons again&longs;t 

<lb/>the Diurnal virtiginous revolution of the Earth by you already ex&shy;

<lb/>amined, do carry great probability with them, we have already 

<lb/>&longs;een; as al&longs;o that the <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomaicks,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totelicks,<emph.end type="italics"/> with all their 

<lb/>Sectators did receive them for true, is indeed a very great argument 

<lb/>of their efficacie; but tho&longs;e experiments which apertly contradict 

<lb/>the annual motion, are of yet &longs;o much more manife&longs;tly repugnant, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg542"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that (I &longs;ay it again) I cannot find any bounds for my admiration, 

<lb/>how that rea&longs;on was able in <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;tarchus<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> to com&shy;

<lb/>m&igrave;t &longs;uch a rape upon their Sences, as in de&longs;pight thereof, to make 

<lb/>her &longs;elf mi&longs;tre&longs;s of their credulity.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg540"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cour&longs;es more 

<lb/>than childi&longs;h, &longs;erve 

<lb/>to keep fools in the 

<lb/>opinion of the 

<lb/>Earths &longs;tability.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg541"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A declaration 

<lb/>of the improbabi&shy;

<lb/>lity of<emph.end type="italics"/> Copernicus 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>his opinion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg542"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Rea&longs;ons and di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cour&longs;e in<emph.end type="italics"/> Ari&longs;tar&shy;

<lb/>cus <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> Coperni&shy;

<lb/>cus <emph type="italics"/>prevailed over 

<lb/>manife&longs;t &longs;ence.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Are we then to have &longs;till more of the&longs;e &longs;trong oppo&longs;iti&shy;

<lb/>ons again&longs;t this annual motion?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We are, and they be &longs;o evident and &longs;en&longs;ible, that if a 

<lb/>&longs;ence more &longs;ublime and excellent than tho&longs;e common and vulgar, 

<lb/>did not take part with rea&longs;on, I much fear, that I al&longs;o &longs;hould have 

<lb/>been much more aver&longs;e to the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> Sy&longs;teem than I have been 

<lb/>&longs;ince the time that a clearer lamp than ordinary hath enlightned 

<lb/>me.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Now therefore <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> let us come to joyn battail 

<lb/>for every word that is &longs;pent on any thing el&longs;e, I take to be ca&longs;t a&shy;

<lb/>way.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/312.jpg" pagenum="302"/><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am ready to &longs;erve you. </s><s>You have already &longs;een me 

<lb/>draw the form of the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> Sy&longs;teme; again&longs;t the truth of 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg543"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>which <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf, in the fir&longs;t place, makes an hot charge; who, in 

<lb/>ca&longs;e it were true, that its di&longs;tances from the earth &longs;hould &longs;o much 

<lb/>vary, as that from the lea&longs;t di&longs;tance to the greate&longs;t, there were 

<lb/>twice as much difference, as from the earth to the Sun; it would be 

<lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ary, that when it is neare&longs;t unto us, its <emph type="italics"/>di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> would &longs;hew 

<lb/>more than 60. times bigger than it &longs;eems, when it is farthe&longs;t from 

<lb/>us; neverthele&longs;s that diver&longs;ity of apparent magnitude is not to be 

<lb/>&longs;een, nay in its oppo&longs;ition with the Sun, when its neare&longs;t to the 

<lb/>Earth, it doth not &longs;hew &longs;o much as quadruple and quintuple in 

<lb/>bigne&longs;s, to what it is, when towards the conjunction it cometh to 

<lb/>be occulted under the Suns rayes. </s><s>Another and greater difficulty 

<lb/>doth <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> exhibit; For if revolving about the Sun, as <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg544"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>affirmeth, it were one while above, &amp; another while below the &longs;ame, 

<lb/>receding and approaching to us &longs;o much as the Diameter of the cir&shy;

<lb/>cle de&longs;cribed would be, at &longs;uch time as it &longs;hould be below the Sun, 

<lb/>and neare&longs;t to us, its <emph type="italics"/>di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> would &longs;hew little le&longs;s than 40 times big&shy;

<lb/>ger than when it is above the Sun, near to its other conjunction; yet 

<lb/>neverthele&longs;&longs;e, the difference is almo&longs;t imperceptible Let us add an&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg545"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>other difficulty, that in ca&longs;e the body of <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> be of it &longs;elf dark, and 

<lb/>onely &longs;hineth as the Moon, by the illumination of the Sun, which 

<lb/>&longs;eemeth mo&longs;t rea&longs;onable; it would &longs;hew forked or horned at &longs;uch 

<lb/>time as it is under the Sun, as the Moon doth when &longs;he is in like 

<lb/>manner near the Sun; an accident that is not to be di&longs;covered in 

<lb/>her. </s><s>Whereupon <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> affirmeth, that either &longs;he is light of 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg546"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>her &longs;elf, or el&longs;e that her &longs;ub&longs;tance is of &longs;uch a nature, that it can 

<lb/>imbue the Solar light, and tran&longs;mit the &longs;ame through all its whole 

<lb/>depth, &longs;o as to be able to appear to us alwayes &longs;hining; and in this 

<lb/>manner <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> excu&longs;eth the not changing figure in <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/>: but 

<lb/>of her &longs;mall variation of Magnitude, he maketh no mention at all; 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg547"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>and much le&longs;s of <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> than was needful; I believe as being una&shy;

<lb/>ble &longs;o well as he de&longs;ired to &longs;alve a <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;nomenon<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;o contrary to his 

<lb/>Hypothe&longs;is, and yet being convinced by &longs;o many other occurrences 

<lb/>and rea&longs;ons he maintained, and held the &longs;ame Hypothe&longs;is to be true. 

<lb/></s><s>Be&longs;ides the&longs;e things, to make the Planets, together with the Earth, 

<lb/>to move above the Sun as the Centre of their conver&longs;ions, and the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg548"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Moon onely to break that order, and to have a motion by it &longs;elf 

<lb/>about the earth; and to make both her, the Earth, and the whole 

<lb/>Elementary <emph type="italics"/>Sphere,<emph.end type="italics"/> to move all together about the Sun in a year, 

<lb/>this &longs;eemeth to pervert the order of this Sy&longs;teme, which rendreth 

<lb/>it unlikely and fal&longs;e. </s><s>The&longs;e are tho&longs;e difficulties that make me 

<lb/>wonder how <emph type="italics"/>Aristarchus<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> who mu&longs;t needs have ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erved them, not having been able for all that to &longs;alve them, have 

<lb/>yet notwith&longs;tanding by other admirable occurrences been induced 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/313.jpg" pagenum="303"/>to con&longs;ide &longs;o much in that which rea&longs;on dictated to them, as that 

<lb/>they have con&longs;idently affirmed that the &longs;tructure of the Univer&longs;e 

<lb/>could have no other figure than that which they de&longs;igned to them&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elves. </s><s>There are al&longs;o &longs;everal other very &longs;erious and curious doubts, 

<lb/>not &longs;o ea&longs;ie to be re&longs;olved by the middle &longs;ort of wits, but yet pe&shy;

<lb/>netrated and declared by <emph type="italics"/>Coperninus,<emph.end type="italics"/> which we &longs;hall defer till by 

<lb/>and by, after we have an&longs;wered to other objections that &longs;eem to 

<lb/>make again&longs;t this opinion. </s><s>Now coming to the declarations and 

<lb/>an&longs;wers to tho&longs;e three before named grand Objections, I &longs;ay, that 

<lb/>the two fir&longs;t not onely contradict not the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> Sy&longs;teme, but 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg549"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>greatly and ab&longs;olutely favour it; For both <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;eems 

<lb/>unequal to them&longs;elves, according to the proportions a&longs;&longs;igned; and 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> under the Sun &longs;eemeth horned, and goeth changing figures 

<lb/>in it &longs;elf exactly like the Moon.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg543"></margin.target>Mars <emph type="italics"/>makes an 

<lb/>hot a&longs;&longs;ault upon the<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Copernican <emph type="italics"/>Sy&shy;

<lb/>&longs;teme.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg544"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> Ph&aelig;nome&shy;

<lb/>na <emph type="italics"/>of<emph.end type="italics"/> Venus <emph type="italics"/>appear 

<lb/>contrary to the Sy&shy;

<lb/>&longs;teme of<emph.end type="italics"/> Coperni&shy;

<lb/>cus.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg545"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Another diffi&shy;

<lb/>culty rai&longs;ed by<emph.end type="italics"/> Ve&shy;

<lb/>nus <emph type="italics"/>again&longs;t<emph.end type="italics"/> Coper&shy;

<lb/>nicus.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg546"></margin.target>Venus, <emph type="italics"/>according 

<lb/>to<emph.end type="italics"/> Copernicus, <emph type="italics"/>ei&shy;

<lb/>ther lucid in it 

<lb/>&longs;elf, or el&longs;e of a 

<lb/>tran&longs;parent &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg547"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"/>&longs;peak&shy;

<lb/>eth nothing of the 

<lb/>&longs;mall variation of 

<lb/>bigne&longs;s in<emph.end type="italics"/> Venus 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>and in<emph.end type="italics"/> Mars.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg548"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The moon much 

<lb/>di&longs;turbeth the or&shy;

<lb/>der of the other 

<lb/>Planets.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg549"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An&longs;wers to the 

<lb/>three first objecti&shy;

<lb/>ons again&longs;t the<emph.end type="italics"/> Co&shy;

<lb/>pernican <emph type="italics"/>Sy&longs;teme.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But how came this to be concealed from <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and revealed to you?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The&longs;e things cannot be comprehended, &longs;ave onely by 

<lb/>the &longs;en&longs;e of &longs;eeing, the which by nature was not granted to man 

<lb/>&longs;o perfect, as that it was able to attain to the di&longs;covery of &longs;uch dif&shy;

<lb/>ferences; nay even the very in&longs;trument of &longs;ight is an impediment 

<lb/>to it &longs;elf: But &longs;ince that it hath plea&longs;ed God in our age to vouch&shy;

<lb/>&longs;afe to humane ingenuity, &longs;o admirable an invention of perfecting 

<lb/>our &longs;ight, by multiplying it four, &longs;ix, ten, twenty, thirty, and four&shy;

<lb/>ty times, infinite objects, that either by rea&longs;on of their di&longs;tance, or 

<lb/>for their extream &longs;mallne&longs;&longs;e were invi&longs;ible unto us, have by help 

<lb/>of the Tele&longs;cope been rendered vi&longs;ible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> are none of the objects invi&longs;ible 

<lb/>for their di&longs;tance or &longs;mallne&longs;&longs;e, yea, we do di&longs;cern them with our 

<lb/>bare natural &longs;ight; why then do we not di&longs;tingui&longs;h the differences 

<lb/>of their magnitudes and figures?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In this, the impediment of our very eye it &longs;elf hath a 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg550"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>great &longs;hare, as but even now I hinted, by which the re&longs;plendent and 

<lb/>remote objects are not repre&longs;ented to us &longs;imple and pure; but gives 

<lb/>them us fringed with &longs;trange and adventitious rayes, &longs;o long and 

<lb/>den&longs;e, that their naked body &longs;heweth to us agrandized ten, twen&shy;

<lb/>ty, an hundred, yea a thou&longs;and times more than it would appear, if 

<lb/>the capillitious rayes were taken away.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg550"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Therea&longs;on whence 

<lb/>it happens that<emph.end type="italics"/> Ve&shy;

<lb/>nus <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> Mars <emph type="italics"/>do 

<lb/>not appear to vary 

<lb/>magnitude &longs;o much 

<lb/>as is requi&longs;ite.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Now I remember that I have read &longs;omething on this 

<lb/>&longs;ubject, I know not whether in the Solar Letters, or in the <emph type="italics"/>Sag&shy;

<lb/>giatore<emph.end type="italics"/> of our common Friend, but it would be very good, a&longs;well 

<lb/>for recalling it into my memory, as for the information of <emph type="italics"/>Simpli&shy;

<lb/>cius,<emph.end type="italics"/> who it may be never &longs;aw tho&longs;e writings, that you would de&shy;

<lb/>clare unto us more di&longs;tinctly how this bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e &longs;tands, the know&shy;

<lb/>ledge whereof I think to be very nece&longs;&longs;ary for the a&longs;&longs;i&longs;ting of us to 

<lb/>under&longs;tand that of which we now &longs;peak.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/314.jpg" pagenum="304"/><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I mu&longs;t confe&longs;&longs;e that all that which <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> hath &longs;po&shy;

<lb/>ken is new unto me, for truth is, I never have had the curio&longs;ity to 

<lb/>read tho&longs;e Books, nor have I hitherto given any great credit to 

<lb/>the Tele&longs;cope newly introduced; rather treading in the &longs;teps of o&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg551"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ther <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Philo&longs;ophers my companions, I have thought 

<lb/>tho&longs;e things to be fallacies and delu&longs;ions of the Chry&longs;tals, which 

<lb/>others have &longs;o much admired for &longs;tupendious operations: and 

<lb/>therefore if I have hitherto been in an errour, I &longs;hall be glad to be 

<lb/>freed from it, and allured by the&longs;e novelties already heard from 

<lb/>you, I &longs;hall the more attentively hearken to the re&longs;t.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg551"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The operations of 

<lb/>the Tele&longs;cope ac&shy;

<lb/>counted fallacies by 

<lb/>the<emph.end type="italics"/> Peripateticks.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The confidence that the&longs;e men have in their own ap&shy;

<lb/>prehen&longs;ivene&longs;&longs;e, is no le&longs;s unrea&longs;onable than the &longs;mall e&longs;teem they 

<lb/>have of the judgment of others: yet its much that they &longs;hould e&shy;

<lb/>&longs;teem them&longs;elves able to judge better of &longs;uch an in&longs;trument, with&shy;

<lb/>out ever having made trial of it, than tho&longs;e who have made, and 

<lb/>daily do make a thou&longs;and experiments of the &longs;ame: But I pray 

<lb/>you, let us leave this kind of pertinacious men, whom we can&shy;

<lb/>not &longs;o much as tax without doing them too great honour. </s><s>And re&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg552"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>turning to our purpo&longs;e, I &longs;ay, that re&longs;plendent objects, whether 

<lb/>it is that their light doth refract on the humidity that is upon the 

<lb/>pupils, or that it doth reflect on the edges of the eye-browes, dif&shy;

<lb/>fu&longs;ing its reflex rayes upon the &longs;aid pupils, or whether it is for &longs;ome 

<lb/>other rea&longs;on, they do appear to our eye, as if they were environ'd 

<lb/>with new rayes, and therefore much bigger than their bodies 

<lb/>would repre&longs;ent them&longs;elves to us, were they dive&longs;ted of tho&longs;e ir&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg553"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>radiations. </s><s>And this aggrandizement is made with a greater and 

<lb/>greater proportion, by how much tho&longs;e lucid objects are le&longs;&longs;er and 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;er; in the &longs;ame manner for all the world, as if we &longs;hould &longs;up&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;e that the augmentation of &longs;hining locks were <emph type="italics"/>v.g.<emph.end type="italics"/> four inches, 

<lb/>which addition being made about a circle that hath four inches di&shy;

<lb/>ameter would increa&longs;e its appearance to nine times its former big&shy;

<lb/>ne&longs;&longs;e: but---------</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg552"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Shining objects 

<lb/>&longs;eem environed 

<lb/>with adventitious 

<lb/>rayes.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg553"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The rea&longs;on why 

<lb/>luminous bodies ap&shy;

<lb/>pear enlarged 

<lb/>much the more, by 

<lb/>how much they are 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;er.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe you would have &longs;aid three times; for adding 

<lb/>four inches to this &longs;ide, and four inches to that &longs;ide of the diame&shy;

<lb/>ter of a circle, which is like wi&longs;e four inches, its quantity is there&shy;

<lb/>by tripled, and not made nine times bigger.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>A little more <emph type="italics"/>Geometry<emph.end type="italics"/> would do well, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg554"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>True it is, that the diameter is tripled, but the &longs;uperficies, which is 

<lb/>that of which we &longs;peak, increa&longs;eth nine times: for you mu&longs;t know, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> that the &longs;uperficies of circles are to one another, as 

<lb/>the &longs;quares of their diameters; and a circle that hath four inches 

<lb/>diameter is to another that hath twelve, as the &longs;quare of four to 

<lb/>the &longs;quare of twelve; that is, as 16. is to 144 and therefore it &longs;hall 

<lb/>be increa&longs;ed nine times, and not three; this, by way of adverti&longs;e&shy;

<lb/>ment to <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/> And proceeding forwards, if we &longs;hould add 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/315.jpg" pagenum="305"/>the &longs;aid irradiation of four inches to a circle that hath but two in&shy;

<lb/>ches of diameter onely, the diameter of the irradiation or Gar&shy;

<lb/>land would be ten inches, and the &longs;uperficial content of the circle 

<lb/>would be to the <emph type="italics"/>area<emph.end type="italics"/> of the naked body, as 100. to 4. for tho&longs;e 

<lb/>are the &longs;quares of 10. and of 2. the agrandizement would there&shy;

<lb/>fore be 25. times &longs;o much; and la&longs;tly, the four inches of hair or 

<lb/>fringe, added to a &longs;mall circle of an inch in diameter, the &longs;ame 

<lb/>would be increa&longs;ed 81. times; and &longs;o continually the augmenta&shy;

<lb/>tions are made with a proportion greater and greater, according 

<lb/>as the real objects that increa&longs;e, are le&longs;&longs;er and le&longs;&longs;er.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg554"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Superficial fi&shy;

<lb/>gures encrea&longs;ing 

<lb/>proportion double to 

<lb/>their lines.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The doubt which puzzled <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> never troubled 

<lb/>me, but certain other things indeed there are, of which I de&longs;ire 

<lb/>a more di&longs;tinct under&longs;tanding; and in particular, I would know up&shy;

<lb/>on what ground you affirm that the &longs;aid agrandizement is alwayes 

<lb/>equal in all vi&longs;ible objects.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg555"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg555"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Objects the more 

<lb/>vigorous they are 

<lb/>in light, the more 

<lb/>they do &longs;eem to in&shy;

<lb/>crea&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have already declared the &longs;ame in part, when I &longs;aid, 

<lb/>that onely lucid objects &longs;o increa&longs;ed, and not the ob&longs;cure; now I 

<lb/>adde what remaines, that of the re&longs;plendent objects tho&longs;e that are 

<lb/>of a more bright light, make the reflection greater and more re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;plendent upon our pupil; whereupon they &longs;eem to augment 

<lb/>much more than the le&longs;&longs;e lucid: and that I may no more inlarge 

<lb/>my &longs;elf upon this particular, come we to that which the true Mi&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tris of <emph type="italics"/>Astronomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> Experience, teacheth us. </s><s>Let us this evening, 

<lb/>when the air is very ob&longs;cure, ob&longs;erve the &longs;tar of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/>; we 

<lb/>&longs;hall &longs;ee it very glittering, and very great; let us afterwards look </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg556"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>through a tube, or el&longs;e through a &longs;mall trunk, which clutching the 

<lb/>hand clo&longs;e, and acco&longs;ting it to the eye, we lean between the palm 

<lb/>of the hands and the fingers, or el&longs;e by an hole made with a &longs;mall 

<lb/>needle in a paper; and we &longs;hall &longs;ee the &longs;aid &longs;tar dive&longs;ted of its 

<lb/>beams, but &longs;o &longs;mall, that we &longs;hall judge it le&longs;&longs;e, even than a &longs;ixti&shy;

<lb/>eth part of its great glittering light &longs;een with the eye at liberty: 

<lb/>we may afterwards behold the <emph type="italics"/>Dog-&longs;tars<emph.end type="italics"/> beautiful and bigger than 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg557"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>any of the other fixed &longs;tars, which &longs;eemeth to the bare eye no 

<lb/>great matter le&longs;&longs;e than <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/>; but taking from it, as before, the 

<lb/>irradiation, its <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> will &longs;hew &longs;o little, that it will not be 

<lb/>thought the twentieth part of that of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> nay, he that hath not 

<lb/>very good eyes, will very hardly di&longs;cern it; from whence it may 

<lb/>be rationally inferred, that the &longs;aid &longs;tar, as having a much more 

<lb/>lively light than <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> maketh its irradiation greater than <emph type="italics"/>Jupi&shy;

<lb/>ter<emph.end type="italics"/> doth his. </s><s>In the next place, as to the irradiation of the Sun 

<lb/>and Moon, it is as nothing, by means of their magnitude, which 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg558"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>po&longs;&longs;e&longs;&longs;eth of it &longs;elf alone &longs;o great a &longs;pace in our eye, that it lea&shy;

<lb/>veth no place for the adventitious rayes; &longs;o that their faces &longs;eem 

<lb/>clo&longs;e clipt, and terminate. </s><s>We may a&longs;&longs;ure our &longs;elves of the &longs;ame 

<lb/>truth by another experiment which I have often made triall of; 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/316.jpg" pagenum="306"/><arrow.to.target n="marg559"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>we may a&longs;&longs;ure our &longs;elves, I &longs;ay, that bodies &longs;hining with mo&longs;t&verbar; live&shy;

<lb/>ly light do irradiate, or beam forth rayes more by far than tho&longs;e 

<lb/>that are of a more langui&longs;hing light. </s><s>I have many times &longs;een <emph type="italics"/>Ju&shy;

<lb/>piter<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> together twenty or thirty degrees di&longs;tant from the 

<lb/>Sun, and the air being very dark, <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> appeared eight or ten 

<lb/>times bigger than <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> being both beheld by the eye at liber&shy;

<lb/>ty; but being beheld afterwards with the Tele&longs;cope, the <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> di&longs;covered it &longs;elf to be four or more times greater than 

<lb/>that of <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> but the vivacity of the &longs;plendour of <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> was in&shy;

<lb/>comparably bigger than the langui&longs;hing light of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/>; which 

<lb/>was only becau&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiters<emph.end type="italics"/> being far from the Sun, and from us; 

<lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> neer to us, and to the Sun. </s><s>The&longs;e things premi&longs;ed, it 

<lb/>will not be difficult to comprehend, how Mars, when it is in oppo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ition to the Sun, and therefore neerer to the Earth by &longs;even times, 

<lb/>and more, than it is towards the conjunction, cometh to appear 

<lb/>&longs;carce four or five times bigger in that &longs;tate than in this, when as it 

<lb/>&longs;hould appear more than fifty times &longs;o much; of which the only 

<lb/>irradiation is the cau&longs;e; for if we dive&longs;t it of the adventitious 

<lb/>rayes, we &longs;hall find it exactly augmented with the due proportion: 

<lb/>but to take away the capillitious border, the Tele&longs;cope is the be&longs;t 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg560"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>and only means, which inlarging its <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> nine hundred or a 

<lb/>thou&longs;and times, makes it to be &longs;een naked and terminate, as that 

<lb/>of the Moon, and different from it &longs;elf in the two po&longs;itions, ac&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg561"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>cording to its due proportions to an hair. </s><s>Again, as to <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>that in its ve&longs;pertine conjunction, when it is below the Sun, ought 

<lb/>to &longs;hew almo&longs;t fourty times bigger than in the other matutine con&shy;

<lb/>junction, and yet doth not appear &longs;o much as doubled; it happen&shy;

<lb/>eth, be&longs;ides the effect of the irradiation, that it is horned; and its 

<lb/>cre&longs;cents, be&longs;ides that they are &longs;harp, they do receive the Suns light 

<lb/>obliquely, and therefore emit but a faint &longs;plendour; &longs;o that as 

<lb/>being little and weak, its irradiation becometh the le&longs;&longs;e ample 

<lb/>and vivacious, than when it appeareth to us with its Hemi&longs;phere all 

<lb/>&longs;hining: but now the Tele&longs;cope manife&longs;tly &longs;hews its hornes to 

<lb/>have been as terminate and di&longs;tinct as tho&longs;e of the Moon, and 

<lb/>appear, as it were, with a great circle, and in a proportion tho&longs;e 

<lb/>well neer fourty times greater than its &longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus,<emph.end type="italics"/> at &longs;uch time 

<lb/>as it is &longs;uperiour to the Sun in its ultimate matutine apparition.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg556"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An ea&longs;ie expe&shy;

<lb/>riment that &longs;hew&shy;

<lb/>eth the increa&longs;e in 

<lb/>the &longs;tars, by means 

<lb/>of the adventitious 

<lb/>rays.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg557"></margin.target>Jupiter <emph type="italics"/>augments 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e than the<emph.end type="italics"/> Dog&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tar.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg558"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> Sun <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Moon <emph type="italics"/>increa&longs;e lis&shy;

<lb/>tle.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg559"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is &longs;een by ma&shy;

<lb/>nife&longs;t experience, 

<lb/>that the more 

<lb/>&longs;plendid bodies do 

<lb/>much more irradi&shy;

<lb/>ate than the le&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>lucid.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg560"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> Tele&longs;cope 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>is the be&longs;t means to 

<lb/>take away the ir&shy;

<lb/>radiations of the 

<lb/>Stars.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg561"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Another &longs;econd 

<lb/>rea&longs;on of the &longs;mall 

<lb/>apparent increa&longs;e 

<lb/>of<emph.end type="italics"/> Venus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Oh, <emph type="italics"/>Nicholas Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> how great would have been 

<lb/>thy joy to have &longs;een this part of thy Sy&longs;teme, confirmed with &longs;o 

<lb/>manife&longs;t experiments!

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg562"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg562"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"/>per&shy;

<lb/>&longs;waded by rea&longs;ons 

<lb/>contrary to &longs;en&longs;ible 

<lb/>experiments.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Tis true. </s><s>But how much le&longs;&longs;e the fame of his &longs;ublime 

<lb/>wit among&longs;t the intelligent? </s><s>when as it is &longs;een, as I al&longs;o &longs;aid before, 

<lb/>that he did con&longs;tantly continue to affirm (being per&longs;waded thereto 

<lb/>by rea&longs;on) that which &longs;en&longs;ible experiments &longs;eemed to contradict; 

<lb/>for I cannot cea&longs;e to wonder that he &longs;hould con&longs;tantly per&longs;i&longs;t in 

<lb/>&longs;aying, that <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> revolveth about the Sun, and is more than &longs;ix 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/317.jpg" pagenum="307"/>times farther from us at one time, than at another; and al&longs;o &longs;eem&shy;

<lb/>eth to be alwayes of an equal bigne&longs;s, although it ought to &longs;hew 

<lb/>forty times bigger when neare&longs;t to us, than when farthe&longs;t off.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But in <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter, Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"/> I believe that 

<lb/>the differences of their apparent magnitudes, &longs;hould &longs;eem punctu&shy;

<lb/>ally to an&longs;wer to their different di&longs;tances.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In the two Superiour ones, I have made preci&longs;e ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ervations yearly for this twenty two years la&longs;t pa&longs;t: In <emph type="italics"/>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg563"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>there can be no ob&longs;ervation of moment made, by rea&longs;on it &longs;uf&shy;

<lb/>fers not it &longs;elf to be &longs;een, &longs;ave onely in its greate&longs;t digr&longs;&longs;ieons 

<lb/>from the Sun, in which its di&longs;tances from the earth are in&longs;en&longs;ibly 

<lb/>unequal, and tho&longs;e differences con&longs;equently not to be ob&longs;erved; 

<lb/>as al&longs;o its mutations of figures which mu&longs;t ab&longs;olutely happen in 

<lb/>it, as in <emph type="italics"/>Venus.<emph.end type="italics"/> And if we do &longs;ee it, it mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity appear 

<lb/>in form of a Semicircle, as <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> likewi&longs;e doth in her greate&longs;t 

<lb/>digre&longs;&longs;ions; but its <emph type="italics"/>di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> is &longs;o very &longs;mall, and its &longs;plendor &longs;o 

<lb/>very great, by rea&longs;on of its vicinity to the Sun, that the virtue 

<lb/>of the Tele&longs;cope doth not &longs;uffice to clip its tre&longs;&longs;es or adventitious 

<lb/>rayes, &longs;o as to make them appear &longs;haved round about. </s><s>It re&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg564"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>mains, that we remove that which &longs;eemed a great inconvenience 

<lb/>in the motion of the Earth, namely that all the Planets moving 

<lb/>about the Sun, it alone, not &longs;olitary as the re&longs;t, but in company 

<lb/>with the Moon, and the whole Elementary Sphear, &longs;hould move 

<lb/>round about the Sun in a year; and that the &longs;aid Moon withal 

<lb/>&longs;hould move every moneth about the earth. </s><s>Here it is nece&longs;&longs;ary 

<lb/>once again to exclaim and extol the admirable per&longs;picacity of <emph type="italics"/>Co&shy;

<lb/>pernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and withal to condole his misfortune, in that he is not 

<lb/>now alive in our dayes, when for removing of the &longs;eeming ab&shy;

<lb/>&longs;urdity of the Earth and Moons motion in con&longs;ort we &longs;ee <emph type="italics"/>Jupi&shy;

<lb/>ter,<emph.end type="italics"/> as if it were another Earth, not in con&longs;ort with the Moon, 

<lb/>but accompanied by four Moons to rovolve about the Sun in 12. 

<lb/>years together, with what ever things the Orbs of the four Medi&shy;

<lb/>c&aelig;an Stars can contain within them.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg563"></margin.target>Mercury <emph type="italics"/>admit&shy;

<lb/>teth not of clear 

<lb/>ob&longs;ervations.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg564"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The difficulties 

<lb/>removed that ari&longs;e 

<lb/>from the Earths 

<lb/>moving about the 

<lb/>Sun, not &longs;olitarily, 

<lb/>but in con&longs;ort with 

<lb/>the Moon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Why do you call the four jovial Planets, Moons?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Such they would &longs;eem to be to one that &longs;tanding in 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg565"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hould behold them; for they are of them&longs;elves dark, and 

<lb/>receive their light from the Sun, which is manife&longs;t from their be&shy;

<lb/>ing eclip&longs;ed, when they enter into the cone of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiters<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hadow: 

<lb/>and becau&longs;e onely tho&longs;e their Hemi&longs;pheres, that look towards the 

<lb/>Sun are illuminated, to us that are without their Orbs, and near&shy;

<lb/>er to the Sun, they &longs;eem alwayes <emph type="italics"/>lucid,<emph.end type="italics"/> but to one that &longs;hould be 

<lb/>in <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> they would &longs;hew all illuminated, at &longs;uch time as they 

<lb/>were in the upper parts of their circles; but in the parts inferi&shy;

<lb/>our, that is between <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> and the Sun, they would from <emph type="italics"/>Ju&shy;

<lb/>piter<emph.end type="italics"/> be ob&longs;erved to be horned; and in a word they would, to 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/318.jpg" pagenum="308"/>the ob&longs;ervators &longs;tanding in <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> make the &longs;elf &longs;ame changes 

<lb/>of Figure, that to us upon the Earth, the Moon doth make. </s><s>You 

<lb/>&longs;ee now how the&longs;e three things, which at &longs;ir&longs;t &longs;e&eacute;med di&longs;&longs;onant, 

<lb/>do admirably accord with the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> Sy&longs;teme. </s><s>Here al&longs;o by 

<lb/>the way may <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ee, with what probability one may con&shy;

<lb/>clude, that the Sun and not the Earth, is in the Centre of the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Planetary<emph.end type="italics"/> conver&longs;ions. </s><s>And &longs;ince the Earth is now placed a&shy;

<lb/>mong&longs;t mundane Bodies, that undoubtedly move about the Sun, 

<lb/>to wit, above <emph type="italics"/>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and below <emph type="italics"/>Saturn, Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/>; &longs;hall it not be in like manner probable, and perhaps 

<lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ary to grant, that it al&longs;o moveth round?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg565"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> Medicean 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Stars areas it were 

<lb/>four Moons about<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Jupiter.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The&longs;e accidents are &longs;o notable and con&longs;picuous, that 

<lb/>it is not po&longs;&longs;ible, but that <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/> and others his Sectators, &longs;hould 

<lb/>have had knowledge of them, and having &longs;o, it is likewi&longs;e nece&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ary, that they have found a way to render rea&longs;ons of &longs;uch, and 

<lb/>&longs;o &longs;en&longs;ible appearances that were &longs;ufficient, and al&longs;o congruous 

<lb/>and probable, &longs;eeing that they have for &longs;o long a time been re&shy;

<lb/>ceived by &longs;uch numbers of learned men.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg566"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg566"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Principal 

<lb/>&longs;cope of A&longs;trono&shy;

<lb/>mers, is to give a 

<lb/>rea&longs;on of appear&shy;

<lb/>ances.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You argue very well; but you know that the principal 

<lb/>&longs;cope of <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomers,<emph.end type="italics"/> is to render only rea&longs;on for the appearances 

<lb/>in the C&aelig;le&longs;tial Bodies, and to them, and to the motions of the 

<lb/>Stars, to accomodate &longs;uch &longs;tructures and compo&longs;itions of Circles, 

<lb/>that the motions following tho&longs;e calculations, an&longs;wer to the &longs;aid 

<lb/>appearances, little &longs;crupling to admit of &longs;ome exorbitances, that 

<lb/>indeed upon other accounts they would much &longs;tick at. </s><s>And <emph type="italics"/>Co-<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg567"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>pernic us<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf writes, that he had in his fir&longs;t &longs;tudies re&longs;tored the 

<lb/>Science of <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomy<emph.end type="italics"/> upon the very &longs;uppo&longs;itions of <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>in &longs;uch manner corrected the motions of the Planets, that the 

<lb/>computations did very exactly agree with the <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;nomena,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;nomena<emph.end type="italics"/> with the &longs;upputations, in ca&longs;e that he took the 

<lb/>Planets &longs;everally one by one. </s><s>But he addeth, that in going a&shy;

<lb/>bout to put together all the &longs;tructures of the particular Fabricks, 

<lb/>there re&longs;ulted thence a Mon&longs;ter and <emph type="italics"/>Chim&aelig;ra,<emph.end type="italics"/> compo&longs;ed of mem&shy;

<lb/>bers mo&longs;t di&longs;proportionate to one another, and altogether incom&shy;

<lb/>patible; So that although it &longs;atisfied an <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomer<emph.end type="italics"/> meerly <emph type="italics"/>A&shy;

<lb/>rithmetical,<emph.end type="italics"/> yet did it not afford &longs;atisfaction or content to the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg568"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomer Phylo&longs;ophical.<emph.end type="italics"/> And becau&longs;e he very well under&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tood, that if one might &longs;alve the C&aelig;le&longs;tial appearances with fal&longs;e 

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;umptions in nature, it might with much more ea&longs;e be done by 

<lb/>true &longs;uppo&longs;itions, he &longs;et him&longs;elf diligently to &longs;earch whether a&shy;

<lb/>ny among&longs;t the antient men of fame, had a&longs;cribed to the World 

<lb/>any other &longs;tructure, than that commonly received by <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/>; 

<lb/>and finding that &longs;ome <emph type="italics"/>Pythagoreans<emph.end type="italics"/> had in particular a&longs;&longs;igned 

<lb/>the Diurnal conver&longs;ion to the Earth, and others the annual mo&shy;

<lb/>tion al&longs;o, he began to compare the appearances, and particulari&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/319.jpg" pagenum="309"/>ties of the Planets motions, with the&longs;e two new &longs;uppo&longs;itions, all 

<lb/>which things jumpt exactly with his purpo&longs;e; and &longs;eeing the whole 

<lb/>corre&longs;pond, with admirable facility to its parts, he imbraced this 

<lb/>new Sy&longs;teme, and it took up his re&longs;t.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg567"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"/>re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tored A&longs;tronomy 

<lb/>upon the &longs;uppo&longs;iti&shy;

<lb/>ous of<emph.end type="italics"/> Ptolomy:</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg568"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>What moved<emph.end type="italics"/> Co&shy;

<lb/>pernicus <emph type="italics"/>to e&longs;ta&shy;

<lb/>bli&longs;h his Sy&longs;teme.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But what great exorbitancies are there in the <emph type="italics"/>Ptolo&shy;

<lb/>maick<emph.end type="italics"/> Sy&longs;teme, for which there are not greater to be found in this 

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/>?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In the <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomaick Hypothe&longs;is<emph.end type="italics"/> there are di&longs;ea&longs;es, and in 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg569"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> their cures. </s><s>And fir&longs;t will not all the Sects of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Phylo&longs;ophers,<emph.end type="italics"/> account it a great inconvenience, that a body na&shy;

<lb/>turally moveable in circumgyration, &longs;hould move irregularly upon 

<lb/>its own Centre, and regularly upon another point? </s><s>And yet 

<lb/>there are &longs;uch deformed motions as the&longs;e in the <emph type="italics"/>Ptolom&aelig;an<emph.end type="italics"/> Hypo&shy;

<lb/>the&longs;is, but in the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> all move evenly about their own 

<lb/>Centres. </s><s>In the <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomaick,<emph.end type="italics"/> it is nece&longs;&longs;ary to a&longs;&longs;ign to the C&aelig;&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;tial bodies, contrary motions, and to make them all to move, 

<lb/>from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t, and at the &longs;ame time, from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t; 

<lb/>But in the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican,<emph.end type="italics"/> all the C&aelig;le&longs;tial revolutions are towards 

<lb/>one onely way, from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t. </s><s>But what &longs;hall we &longs;ay of 

<lb/>the apparent motion of the Planets, &longs;o irregular, that they not on&shy;

<lb/>ly go one while &longs;wift, and another while &longs;low, but &longs;ometimes 

<lb/>wholly &longs;eace to move; and then after a long time return back a&shy;

<lb/>gain? </s><s>To &longs;alve which appearances <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomie<emph.end type="italics"/> introduceth very great 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Epicicles,<emph.end type="italics"/> accommodating them one by one to each Planet, with 

<lb/>&longs;ome rules of incongruous motions, which are all with one &longs;in&shy;

<lb/>gle motion of the Earth taken away. </s><s>And would not you, <emph type="italics"/>Sim&shy;

<lb/>plicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> call it a great ab&longs;urditie, if in the <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomaick<emph.end type="italics"/> Hypothe&shy;

<lb/>&longs;is, in which the particular Planets, have their peculiar Orbs a&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;igned them one above another, one mu&longs;t be frequently forced 

<lb/>to &longs;ay, that <emph type="italics"/>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"/> con&longs;tituted above the Sph&aelig;re of the Sun, doth 

<lb/>&longs;o de&longs;cend, that breaking the Solar Orb, it goeth under it, and 

<lb/>approacheth neaer to the Earth, than to the Body of the Sun, 

<lb/>and by and by immea&longs;urably a&longs;cendeth above the &longs;ame? </s><s>And 

<lb/>yet this, and other exorbitancies are remedied by the Soul and 

<lb/>fingle annual motion of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg569"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Inconveniencies 

<lb/>that are in the Sy&shy;

<lb/>&longs;teme of<emph.end type="italics"/> Ptolomy.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I would gladly be bettter informed how the&longs;e &longs;tations, 

<lb/>and retrograde and direct motions, which did ever &longs;eem to me 

<lb/>great improbalities, do accord in this <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> Sy&longs;teme.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg570"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg570"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Its a great Ar&shy;

<lb/>gument in favour 

<lb/>of<emph.end type="italics"/> Copernicus, <emph type="italics"/>that 

<lb/>he obviates the &longs;ta&shy;

<lb/>tions &amp; retrograda&shy;

<lb/>tions of the motions 

<lb/>of the Planets.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You &longs;hall &longs;ee them &longs;o to accord, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that 

<lb/>this onely conjecture ought to be &longs;ufficient to make one that 

<lb/>is not more than pertinacious or &longs;tupid, yield, a&longs;&longs;ent to all the 

<lb/>re&longs;t of this Doctrine. </s><s>I tell you therefore, that nothing being 

<lb/>altered in the motion of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> which is 30 years, in that 

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> which is 12, in that of <emph type="italics"/>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"/> which is 2, in that of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> which is 9. moneths, in that of <emph type="italics"/>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"/> which is 80. 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/320.jpg" pagenum="310"/>dayes, or thereabouts, the &longs;ole annual motion of the Earth be&shy;

<lb/>tween <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> cau&longs;eth the apparent inequalities in all </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg571"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the five &longs;tars before named. </s><s>And for a facile and full under&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tanding of the whole, I will de&longs;cribe this figure of it. </s><s>There&shy;

<lb/>fore &longs;uppo&longs;e the Sun to be placed in the centre O, about which 

<lb/>we will draw the Orb de&longs;cribed by the Earth, with the an&shy;

<lb/>nual motion B G M, and let the circle de&longs;cribed, <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> by 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> about the Sun in 12. years, be this BGM, and in the 

<lb/><figure id="id.065.01.320.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/320/1.jpg"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg572"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;tarry &longs;phere let us imagine the Zodiack Y V S. Again, in the 

<lb/>annual Orb of the Earth let us take certain equal arches, B C, 

<lb/>C D, E F, F G, G H, H I, I K, K L, L M, and in the Sphere 

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> let us make certain other arches, pa&longs;&longs;ed in the &longs;ame 

<lb/>times in which the Earth pa&longs;&longs;eth hers, which let be B C, C D, 

<lb/>D E, E F, F G, G H, H I, I K, K L, L M, which &longs;hall each be 

<lb/>proportionally le&longs;&longs;e than the&longs;e marked in the Earths Orb, like 

<lb/>as the motion of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> under the Zodiack is &longs;lower than the 

<lb/>annual. </s><s>Suppo&longs;ing now, that when the Earth is in B, <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> is 

<lb/>in B, it &longs;hall appear to us in the Zodiack to be in P, de&longs;cribing 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/321.jpg" pagenum="311"/>the right line B B P. </s><s>Next &longs;uppo&longs;e the Earth to be moved from 

<lb/>B to C, and <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> from B to C, in the &longs;ame time; <emph type="italics"/>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>&longs;hall appear to have pa&longs;&longs;ed in the Zodiack to Q, and to have 

<lb/>moved &longs;traight forwards, according to the order of the &longs;ignes 

<lb/>P <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> In the next place, the Earth pa&longs;&longs;ing to D, and <emph type="italics"/>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>to D, it &longs;hall be &longs;een in the Zodiack in R, and from E, <emph type="italics"/>Iupi&shy;

<lb/>ter<emph.end type="italics"/> being come to E; will appear in the Zodiack in S, having 

<lb/>all this while moved right forwards. </s><s>But the Earth afterwards 

<lb/>beginning to interpo&longs;e more directly between <emph type="italics"/>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> and the 

<lb/>Sun, &longs;he being come to F, and <emph type="italics"/>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> to F, he will appear in 

<lb/>T, to have already begun to return apparently back again un&shy;

<lb/>der the Zodiack, and in that time that the Earth &longs;hall have pa&longs;&shy;

<lb/>ed the arch E F, <emph type="italics"/>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hall have entertained him&longs;elf between 

<lb/>the points S T, and &longs;hall have appeared to us almo&longs;t motion&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e and &longs;tationary. </s><s>The Earth being afterwards come to G, 

<lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> to G, in oppo&longs;ition to the Sun, it &longs;hall be vi&longs;ible in 

<lb/>the Zodiack at V, and much returned backwards by all the arch 

<lb/>of the Zodiack T V; howbeit that all the way pur&longs;uing its even 

<lb/>cour&longs;e it hath really gone forwards not onely in its own circle, 

<lb/>but in the Zodiack al&longs;o in re&longs;pect to the centre of the &longs;aid Zodi&shy;

<lb/>ack, and to the Sun placed in the &longs;ame. </s><s>The Earth and <emph type="italics"/>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>again continuing their motions, when the Earth is come to H, 

<lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> to H, it &longs;hall &longs;eem very much gone backward in the 

<lb/>Zodiack by all the arch V X. </s><s>The Earth being come to I, and 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> to I, it &longs;hall be apparently moved in the Zodiack by the lit&shy;

<lb/>tle &longs;pace X Y, and there it will &longs;eem &longs;tationary. </s><s>When after&shy;

<lb/>wards the Earth &longs;hall be come to K, and <emph type="italics"/>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> to K; in the 

<lb/>Zodiack he &longs;hall have pa&longs;&longs;ed the arch Y N in a direct motion; 

<lb/>and the Earth pur&longs;uing its cour&longs;e to L, &longs;hall &longs;ee <emph type="italics"/>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> in L, in 

<lb/>the point Z. </s><s>And la&longs;tly <emph type="italics"/>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> in M &longs;hall be &longs;een from the Earth 

<lb/>M, to have pa&longs;&longs;ed to A, with a motion &longs;till right forwards; and 

<lb/>its whole apparent retrogadation in the Zodiack &longs;hall an&longs;wer to 

<lb/>the arch S Y, made by <emph type="italics"/>Iupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> whil&longs;t that he in his own circle 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;eth the arch E I, and the Earth in hers the arch E I. </s><s>And 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg573"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>this which hath been &longs;aid, is intended of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> and of <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>al&longs;o; and in <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> tho&longs;e retrogradations are &longs;omewhat more 

<lb/>frequent than in <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> by rea&longs;on that its motion is a little 

<lb/>&longs;lower than that of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;o that the Earth overtaketh it 

<lb/>it in a &longs;horter &longs;pace of time; in <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> again they are more 

<lb/>rare, for that its motion is more &longs;wift than that of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Whereupon the Earth con&longs;umeth more time in recovering it. </s><s>Next 

<lb/>as to <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"/> who&longs;e Circles are comprehended by that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg574"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of the Earth, their &longs;tations and regre&longs;&longs;ions appear to be occa&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>oned, not by their motions that really are &longs;uch, but by the anual 

<lb/>motion of the &longs;aid Earth, as <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> exellently demon&longs;trateth, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/322.jpg" pagenum="312"/>together with <emph type="italics"/>Appollonius Perg&aelig;us<emph.end type="italics"/> in <emph type="italics"/>lib.<emph.end type="italics"/> 5. of his Revolutions, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Chap.<emph.end type="italics"/> 35.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg571"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;ole annual 

<lb/>motion of the 

<lb/>Earth cau&longs;eth 

<lb/>great inequality of 

<lb/>motions in the five 

<lb/>Planets.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg572"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A demon&longs;tration of 

<lb/>the inequalities of 

<lb/>the three &longs;uperiour 

<lb/>Planets dependent 

<lb/>on the annual mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg573"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Retrogradations 

<lb/>more frequent in<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Saturn, <emph type="italics"/>le&longs;&longs;e in<emph.end type="italics"/> Ju&shy;

<lb/>piter, <emph type="italics"/>and yet le&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>in<emph.end type="italics"/> Mars, <emph type="italics"/>and why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg574"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Retrograda&shy;

<lb/>tion of<emph.end type="italics"/> Venus <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Mercury <emph type="italics"/>demon&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trated by<emph.end type="italics"/> Apollo&shy;

<lb/>nius <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/> Coperni&shy;

<lb/>cus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>You &longs;ee, Gentlemen, with what facility and &longs;implicity the annu&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg575"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>al motion, were it appertaining to the Earth, is accommodated 

<lb/>to render a rea&longs;on of the apparent exorbitances, that are ob&longs;erved 

<lb/>in the motions of the five Planets, <emph type="italics"/>Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Ve&shy;

<lb/>nus<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"/> taking them all away, and reducing them to 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg576"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>equal and regular motions. </s><s>And of this admirable effect, <emph type="italics"/>Ni&shy;

<lb/>cholas Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> hath been the fir&longs;t that hath made the rea&longs;on 

<lb/>plain unto us. </s><s>But of another effect, no le&longs;&longs;e admirable than 

<lb/>this, and that with a knot, perhaps more difficult to unknit, 

<lb/>bindeth the wit of man, to admit this annual conver&longs;ion, and to 

<lb/>leave it to our Terre&longs;trial Globe; a new and unthought of con&shy;

<lb/>jecture ari&longs;eth from the Sun it &longs;elf, which &longs;heweth that it is unwil&shy;

<lb/>ling to be &longs;ingular in &longs;hifting, of this atte&longs;tation of &longs;o eminent a 

<lb/>conclu&longs;ion, rather as a te&longs;timony beyond all exception, it hath 

<lb/>de&longs;ired to be heard apart. </s><s>Hearken then to this great and new 

<lb/>wonder.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg577"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg575"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The annual mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the Earth 

<lb/>mo&longs;t apt to render 

<lb/>a rea&longs;on of the ex&shy;

<lb/>orbttances of the 

<lb/>five Planets.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg576"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Sun it &longs;elf 

<lb/>te&longs;tifieth the annu&shy;

<lb/>al motion to belong 

<lb/>to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg577"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Lync&aelig;an 

<lb/>Academick the 

<lb/>fir&longs;t di&longs;coverer of 

<lb/>the Solar &longs;pots, and 

<lb/>all the other cele&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tial novelties.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>The fir&longs;t di&longs;coverer and ob&longs;erver of the <emph type="italics"/>Solar<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;pots, as al&longs;o of 

<lb/>all the other C&oelig;le&longs;tial novelties, was our <emph type="italics"/>Academick Linc&aelig;us<emph.end type="italics"/>; and 

<lb/>he di&longs;covered them <emph type="italics"/>anno<emph.end type="italics"/> 1610. being at that time Reader of the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Mathematicks,<emph.end type="italics"/> in the Colledge of <emph type="italics"/>Padua,<emph.end type="italics"/> and there, and in <emph type="italics"/>Ve&shy;

<lb/>nice,<emph.end type="italics"/> he di&longs;cour&longs;ed thereof with &longs;everal per&longs;ons, of which &longs;ome </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg578"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>are yet living: And the year following, he &longs;hewed them in <emph type="italics"/>Rome<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>to many great per&longs;onages, as he relates in the fir&longs;t of his Letters 

<lb/>to <emph type="italics"/>Marcus Vel&longs;erus,<emph.end type="italics"/> ^{*} Sheriffe of <emph type="italics"/>Augu&longs;ta.<emph.end type="italics"/> He was the 

<lb/>fir&longs;t that again&longs;t the opinions of the too timorous and too jealous 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg579"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;ertors of the Heavens inalterability, affirmed tho&longs;e &longs;pots to be 

<lb/>matters, that in &longs;hort times were produced and di&longs;&longs;olved: for as 

<lb/>to place, they were contiguous to the body of the Sun, and re&shy;

<lb/>volved about the &longs;ame; or el&longs;e being carried about by the &longs;aid 

<lb/>Solar body, which revolveth in it &longs;elfe about its own Centre, in 

<lb/>the &longs;pace almo&longs;t of a moneth, do fini&longs;h their cour&longs;e in that time; 

<lb/>which motion he judged at fir&longs;t to have been made by the Sun a&shy;

<lb/>bout an Axis erected upon the plane of the Ecliptick; in regard 

<lb/>that the arches de&longs;cribed by the &longs;aid &longs;pots upon the <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> of the 

<lb/>Sun appear unto our eye right lines, and parallels to the plane of 

<lb/>the Ecliptick: which therefore come to be altered, in part, with 

<lb/>&longs;ome accidental, wandring, and irregular motions, to which they 

<lb/>are &longs;ubject, and whereby tumultuarily, and without any order 

<lb/>they &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively change &longs;ituations among&longs;t them&longs;elves, one 

<lb/>while crouding clo&longs;e together, another while di&longs;&longs;evering, and 

<lb/>&longs;ome dividing them&longs;elves into many and very much changing fi&shy;

<lb/>gures, which, for the mo&longs;t part, are very unu&longs;ual. </s><s>And albeit 

<lb/>tho&longs;e &longs;o incon&longs;tant mutations did &longs;omewhat alter the primary pe&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/323.jpg" pagenum="313"/>riodick cour&longs;e of the &longs;aid &longs;pots, yet did they not alter the opini&shy;

<lb/>on of our friend, &longs;o as to make him believe, that they were any 

<lb/>e&longs;&longs;ential and fixed cau&longs;e of tho&longs;e deviations, but he continued to 

<lb/>hold, that all the apparent alterations derived them&longs;elves from 

<lb/>tho&longs;e accidental mutations: in like manner, ju&longs;t as it would hap&shy;

<lb/>pen to one that &longs;hould from far di&longs;tant Regions ob&longs;erve the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of our Clouds; which would be di&longs;covered to move with a 

<lb/>mo&longs;t &longs;wift, great, and con&longs;tant motion, carried round by the di&shy;

<lb/>urnal <emph type="italics"/>Vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> of the Earth (if haply that motion belong to the 

<lb/>&longs;ame) in twenty four hours, by circles parallel to the Equinocti&shy;

<lb/>al, but yet altered, in part, by the accidental motions cau&longs;ed by 

<lb/>the winds, which drive them, at all adventures, towards different 

<lb/>quarters of the World. </s><s>While this was in agitation, it came to 

<lb/>pa&longs;s that <emph type="italics"/>Vel&longs;erus<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ent him two Letters, written by a certain per&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg580"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;on, under the feigned name of ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Apelles,<emph.end type="italics"/> upon the &longs;ubject of 

<lb/>the&longs;e Spots, reque&longs;ting him, with importunity, to declare his 

<lb/>thoughts freely upon tho&longs;e Letters, and withall to let him know 

<lb/>what his opinion was touching the e&longs;&longs;ence of tho&longs;e &longs;pots; which his 

<lb/>reque&longs;t he &longs;atisfied in 3 Letters, &longs;hewing fir&longs;t of all howvain the 

<lb/>conjectures of <emph type="italics"/>Apelles<emph.end type="italics"/> were; &amp; di&longs;covering, &longs;econdly, his own opi&shy;

<lb/>nions; withal foretelling to him, that <emph type="italics"/>Apelles<emph.end type="italics"/> would undoubtedly 

<lb/>be better advi&longs;ed in time, and turn to his opinion, as it afterwards 

<lb/>came to pa&longs;s. </s><s>And becau&longs;e that our Academian (as it was al&longs;o 

<lb/>the judgment of many others that were intelligent in Natures &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>crets) thought he had in tho&longs;e three Letters inve&longs;tigated and de&shy;

<lb/>mon&longs;trated, if not all that could be de&longs;ired, or required by hu&shy;

<lb/>mane curio&longs;ity, at lea&longs;t all that could be attained by humane 

<lb/>rea&longs;on in &longs;uch a matter, he, for &longs;ome time (being bu&longs;ied in other 

<lb/>&longs;tudies) intermitted his continual ob&longs;ervations, and onely in com&shy;

<lb/>placency to &longs;ome friend, joyned with him, in making now and 

<lb/>then an abrupt ob&longs;ervation: till that he, and after &longs;ome years, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg581"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>we, being then at my ^{*} Country-&longs;eat, met with one of the &longs;olita&shy;

<lb/>ry Solar &longs;pots very big, and thick, invited withal by a clear and 

<lb/>con&longs;tant &longs;erenity of the Heavens, he, at my reque&longs;t, made ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>vations of the whole progre&longs;&longs;e of the &longs;aid &longs;pot, carefully marking 

<lb/>upon a &longs;heet of paper the places that it was in every day at the 

<lb/>time of the Suns coming into the Meridian; and we having found 

<lb/>that its cour&longs;e was not in a right line, but &longs;omewhat incurvated, 

<lb/>we came to re&longs;olve, at la&longs;t, to make other ob&longs;ervations from time 

<lb/>to time; to which undertaking we were &longs;trongly induced by a 

<lb/>conceit, that accidentally came into the minde of my Gue&longs;t, 

<lb/>which he imparted to me in the&longs;e or the like words.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg578"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The hi&longs;tory of 

<lb/>the proceedings of 

<lb/>the Academian 

<lb/>for a long time a&shy;

<lb/>bout the ob&longs;ervati&shy;

<lb/>on of the Solar 

<lb/>&longs;pots.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg579"></margin.target>* Duumviro.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg580"></margin.target>* This Authors 

<lb/>true name is <emph type="italics"/>Chri&shy;

<lb/>&longs;topher Scheiner us<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>a Je&longs;uit, and his 

<lb/>Book here meant 

<lb/>is intituled, <emph type="italics"/>Apel&shy;

<lb/>les po&longs;t tabulam.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg581"></margin.target>* La mia villa 

<lb/>delle Selue.</s></p><p type="main"><s>In my opinion, <emph type="italics"/>Philip,<emph.end type="italics"/> there is a way opened to a bu&longs;ine&longs;s of 

<lb/>very great con&longs;equence. </s><s>For if the Axis about which the Sun 

<lb/>turneth be not erect perpendicularly to the plane of the Eclip&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/324.jpg" pagenum="314"/><arrow.to.target n="marg582"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tick, but is inclined upon the &longs;ame, as its crooked cour&longs;e, but e&shy;

<lb/>ven now ob&longs;erved, makes me believe, we &longs;hall be able to make 

<lb/>&longs;uch conjectures of the &longs;tates of the Sun and Earth, as neither &longs;o 

<lb/>&longs;olid or &longs;o rational have been hitherto deduced from any other ac&shy;

<lb/>cident what&longs;oever. </s><s>I being awakened at &longs;o great a promi&longs;e, im&shy;

<lb/>portun'd him to make a free di&longs;covery of his conceit unto me. 

<lb/></s><s>And he continued his di&longs;cour&longs;e to this purpo&longs;e. </s><s>If the Earths 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg583"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>motion were along the Ecliptique about the Sun; and the Sun 

<lb/>were con&longs;tituted in the centre of the &longs;aid Ecliptick, and therein 

<lb/>revolved in its &longs;elf, not about the Axis of the &longs;aid Ecliptique 

<lb/>(which would be the Axis of the Earths annual motion) but up&shy;

<lb/>on one inclined, it mu&longs;t needs follow, that &longs;trange changes will 

<lb/>repre&longs;ent them&longs;elves to us in the apparent motions of the Solar 

<lb/>&longs;pots, although the &longs;aid Axis of the Sun &longs;hould be &longs;uppo&longs;ed to 

<lb/>per&longs;i&longs;t perpetually and immutably in the &longs;ame inclination, and in 

<lb/>one and the &longs;ame direction towards the &longs;elf-&longs;ame point of the 

<lb/>Univer&longs;e. </s><s>Therefore the Terre&longs;trial Globe in the annual motion 

<lb/>moving round it, it will fir&longs;t follow, that to us, carried about by 

<lb/>the &longs;ame, the cour&longs;es of the &longs;pots &longs;hall &longs;ometimes &longs;eem to be 

<lb/>made in right lines, but this only twice a year, and at all other 

<lb/>times &longs;hall appear to be made by arches in&longs;en&longs;ibly incurvated. 

<lb/></s><s>Secondly, the curvity of tho&longs;e arches for one half of the year, 

<lb/>will &longs;hew inclined the contrary way to what they will appear in 

<lb/>the other half; that is, for &longs;ix moneths the convexity of the ar&shy;

<lb/>ches &longs;hall be towards the upper part of the Solar <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and for 

<lb/>the other &longs;ix moneths towards the inferiour. </s><s>Thirdly, the &longs;pots be&shy;

<lb/>ginning to appear, and (if I may &longs;o &longs;peak) to ri&longs;e to our eye from 

<lb/>the left &longs;ide of the Solar <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and going to hide them&longs;elves 

<lb/>and to &longs;et in the right &longs;ide, the Oriental termes, that is, of their 

<lb/>fir&longs;t appearings for &longs;ix moneths, &longs;hall be lower than the oppo&longs;ite 

<lb/>termes of their occultations; and for other &longs;ix moneths it &longs;hall 

<lb/>happen contrarily, to wit, that the &longs;aid &longs;pots ri&longs;ing from more e&shy;

<lb/>levated points, and from them de&longs;cending, they &longs;hall, in their 

<lb/>cour&longs;es, go and hide them&longs;elves in lower points; and onely for 

<lb/>two dayes in all the year &longs;hall tho&longs;e termes of ri&longs;ings and &longs;et&shy;

<lb/>tings be equilibrated: after which freely beginning by &longs;mall de&shy;

<lb/>grees the inclination of the cour&longs;es of the &longs;pots, and day by day 

<lb/>growing bigger, in three moneths, it &longs;hall arrive at its greate&longs;t 

<lb/>obliquity, and from thence beginning to dimini&longs;h, in &longs;uch another 

<lb/>time it &longs;hall reduce it &longs;elf to the other <emph type="italics"/>&AElig;quilibrium.<emph.end type="italics"/> It &longs;hall hap&shy;

<lb/>pen, for a fourth wonder, that the cour&longs;e of the greate&longs;t obli&shy;

<lb/>quity &longs;hall be the &longs;ame with the cour&longs;e made by the right line, 

<lb/>and in the day of the Libration the arch of the cour&longs;e &longs;hall &longs;eem 

<lb/>more than ever incurvated. </s><s>Again, in the other times, accord&shy;

<lb/>ing as the pendency &longs;hall &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively dimini&longs;h, and make its ap&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/325.jpg" pagenum="315"/>proach towards the <emph type="italics"/>&AElig;quilibrium,<emph.end type="italics"/> the incurvation of the arches 

<lb/>of the cour&longs;es on the contrary &longs;hall, by degrees, increa&longs;e.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg582"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A concipt that 

<lb/>came &longs;uddenly in&shy;

<lb/>to the minde of 

<lb/>the Academian<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Lync&aelig;us <emph type="italics"/>concern&shy;

<lb/>ing the great con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;equence that fol&shy;

<lb/>lowed upon the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the Solar 

<lb/>&longs;pots.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg583"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Extravagant mu&shy;

<lb/>tations to be ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>ved in the motions 

<lb/>of the &longs;pots, fore&shy;

<lb/>&longs;een by the Aca&shy;

<lb/>demick, in ca&longs;e 

<lb/>the Earth had the 

<lb/>annual motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I confe&longs;&longs;e, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that to interrupt you in your 

<lb/>Di&longs;cour&longs;e is ill manners, but I e&longs;teem it no le&longs;&longs;e rudene&longs;s to per&shy;

<lb/>mit you to run on any farther in words, whil&longs;t they are, as the 

<lb/>&longs;aying is, ca&longs;t into the air: for, to &longs;peak freely, I know not how 

<lb/>to form any di&longs;tinct conceit of &longs;o much as one of the&longs;e conclu&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>ons, that you have pronounced; but becau&longs;e, as I thus general&shy;

<lb/>ly and confu&longs;edly apprehend them, they hold forth things of ad&shy;

<lb/>mirable con&longs;equence, I would gladly, &longs;ome way or other, be 

<lb/>made to under&longs;tand the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The &longs;ame that befalls you, befell me al&longs;o, whil&longs;t my 

<lb/>Gue&longs;t tran&longs;ported me with bare words; who afterwards a&longs;&longs;i&longs;ted 

<lb/>my capacity, by de&longs;cribing the bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e upon a material In&longs;tru&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg584"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ment, which was no other than a &longs;imple Sphere, making u&longs;e of 

<lb/>&longs;ome of its circles, but to a different purpo&longs;e from that, to which 

<lb/>they are commonly applied. </s><s>Now I will &longs;upply the defect of 

<lb/>the Sphere, by drawing the &longs;ame upon a piece of paper, as need 

<lb/>&longs;hall require. </s><s>And to repre&longs;ent the fir&longs;t accident by me propoun&shy;

<lb/>ded, which was, that the cour&longs;es or journeys of the &longs;pots, twice 

<lb/>a year, and no more, might be &longs;een to be made in right lines, let 

<lb/>us &longs;uppo&longs;e this point O [<emph type="italics"/>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 4.] to be the centre of the grand 

<lb/>Orb, or, if you will, of the Ecliptick, and likewi&longs;e al&longs;o of the 

<lb/>Globe of the Sun it &longs;elf; of which, by rea&longs;on of the great di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance that is between it and the Earth, we that live upon the 

<lb/>Earth, may &longs;uppo&longs;e that we &longs;ee the one half: we will therefore 

<lb/>de&longs;cribe this circle A B C D about the &longs;aid centre O, which repre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;enteth unto us the extream term that divideth and &longs;eparates the 

<lb/>Hemi&longs;phere of the Sun that is apparent to us, from the other that 

<lb/>is occult. </s><s>And becau&longs;e that our eye, no le&longs;&longs;e than the centre of 

<lb/>the Earth, is under&longs;tood to be in the plane of the Ecliptick, in 

<lb/>which is likewi&longs;e the centre of the Sun, therefore, if we &longs;hould 

<lb/>fancy to our &longs;elves the body of the Sun to be cut thorow by the 

<lb/>&longs;aid plane, the &longs;ection will appear to our eye a right line, which 

<lb/>let be B O D, and upon that a perpendicular being let fall AOC, 

<lb/>it &longs;hall be the Axis of the &longs;aid Ecliptick, and of the annual mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the Terre&longs;trial Globe. </s><s>Let us next &longs;uppo&longs;e the Solar body 

<lb/>(without changing centre) to revolve in it &longs;elf, not about the 

<lb/>Axis A O C (which is the erect Axis upon the plane of the E&shy;

<lb/>cliptick) but about one &longs;omewhat inclined, which let be this 

<lb/>E O I, the which fixed and unchangeable Axis maintaineth it &longs;elf 

<lb/>perpetually in the &longs;ame inclination and direction towards the 

<lb/>&longs;ame points of the Firmament, and of the Univer&longs;e. </s><s>And be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e, in the revolutions of the Solar Globe, each point of its &longs;u&shy;

<lb/>perficies (the Poles excepted) de&longs;cribeth the circumference of a 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/326.jpg" pagenum="316"/>circle, either bigger or le&longs;&longs;er, according as it is more or le&longs;&longs;e re&shy;

<lb/>mote from the &longs;aid Poles, let us take the point F, equally di&longs;tant 

<lb/>from them, and draw the diameter F O G, which &longs;hall be perpen&shy;

<lb/>dicular to the Axis E I, and &longs;hall be the diameter of the grand 

<lb/>circle de&longs;cribed about the Poles E I. </s><s>Suppo&longs;ing not that the 

<lb/>Earth, and we with her be in &longs;uch a place of the Ecliptick, that 

<lb/>the Hemi&longs;phere of the Sun to us apparent is determin'd or bound&shy;

<lb/>ed by the circle A B C D, which pa&longs;&longs;ing (as it alwayes doth) by 

<lb/>the Poles A C, pa&longs;&longs;eth al&longs;o by E I. </s><s>It is manife&longs;t, that the grand 

<lb/>circle, who&longs;e diameter is FG, &longs;hall be erect to the circle A B C D, 

<lb/>to which the ray that from our eye falleth upon the centre O, is 

<lb/>perpendicular; &longs;o that the &longs;aid ray falleth upon the plane of 

<lb/>the circle, who&longs;e diameter is F G, and therefore its circumference 

<lb/>will appear to us a right line, and the &longs;elf &longs;ame with F G, where&shy;

<lb/>upon if there &longs;hould be in the point F, a &longs;pot, it comming after&shy;

<lb/>wards to be carried about by the Solar conver&longs;ion, would, upon 

<lb/>the &longs;urface of the Sun, trace out the circumference of that cir&shy;

<lb/>cle, which &longs;eems to us a right line. </s><s>Its cour&longs;e or pa&longs;&longs;age will 

<lb/>therefore &longs;eem &longs;traight. </s><s>And &longs;traight al&longs;o will the motion of the 

<lb/>other &longs;pots appear, which in the &longs;aid revolution &longs;hall de&longs;cribe le&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;er circles, as being all parallel to the greater, and to our eye 

<lb/>placed at an immen&longs;e di&longs;tance from them. </s><s>Now, if you do but 

<lb/>con&longs;ider, how that after the Earth &longs;hall in &longs;ix moneths have run 

<lb/>thorow half the grand Orb, and &longs;hall be &longs;ituate oppo&longs;ite to that 

<lb/>Hemi&longs;phere of the Sun, which is now occult unto us, &longs;o as that 

<lb/>the boundary of the part that then &longs;hall be &longs;een, may be the &longs;elf 

<lb/>&longs;ame A B C D, which al&longs;o &longs;hall pa&longs;&longs;e by the Poles E I; you 

<lb/>&longs;hall under&longs;tand that the &longs;ame will evene in the cour&longs;es of the 

<lb/>&longs;pots, as before, to wit, that all will appear to be made by right 

<lb/>lines. </s><s>But becau&longs;e that that accident takes not place, &longs;ave one&shy;

<lb/>ly when the terminator or boundary pa&longs;&longs;eth by the Poles E I, 

<lb/>and the &longs;aid terminator from moment to moment, by meanes of 

<lb/>the Earths annual motion, continually altereth, therefore its pa&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;age by the fixed Poles E I, &longs;hall be momentary, and con&longs;equent&shy;

<lb/>ly momentary &longs;hall be the time, in which the motions of tho&longs;e 

<lb/>&longs;pots &longs;hall appear &longs;traight. </s><s>From what hath been hitherto &longs;poken 

<lb/>one may comprehend al&longs;o how that the apparition and beginning 

<lb/>of the motion of the &longs;pots from the part F, proceeding towards 

<lb/>G, their pa&longs;&longs;ages or cour&longs;es are from the left hand, a&longs;cending to&shy;

<lb/>wards the right; but the Earth being placed in the part diame&shy;

<lb/>trically oppo&longs;ite the appearance of the &longs;pots about G, &longs;hall &longs;till 

<lb/>be to the left hand of the beholder, but the pa&longs;&longs;age &longs;hall be de&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cending towards the right hand F. </s><s>Let us now de&longs;cribe the Earth 

<lb/>te be &longs;ituate one fourth part farther di&longs;tant from its pre&longs;ent &longs;tate, 

<lb/>and let us draw, as in the other figure, the terminator A B C D, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/327.jpg" pagenum="317"/>[<emph type="italics"/>as in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 5.] and the Axis, as before A C, by which the plane 

<lb/>of our Meridian would pa&longs;&longs;e, in which plane &longs;hould al&longs;o be the 

<lb/>Axis of the Suns revolution, with its Poles, one towards us, that 

<lb/>is, in the apparent Hemi&longs;phere, which Pole we will repre&longs;ent by 

<lb/>the point E, and the other &longs;hall fall in the occult Hemi&longs;phere, 

<lb/>and I mark it I. </s><s>Inclining therefore the Axis E I, with the &longs;upe&shy;

<lb/>riour part E, towards us, the great circle de&longs;cribed by the Suns 

<lb/>conver&longs;ion, &longs;hall be this B F D G, who&longs;e half by us &longs;een, name&shy;

<lb/>ly B F D, &longs;hall no longer &longs;eem unto us a right line, by rea&longs;on the 

<lb/>Poles E I are not in the circumference A B C D, but &longs;hall appear 

<lb/>incurvated, and with its convexity towards the inferiour part C. 

<lb/></s><s>And it is manife&longs;t, that the &longs;ame will appear in all the le&longs;&longs;er cir&shy;

<lb/>cles parallel to the &longs;ame B F D. </s><s>It is to be under&longs;tood al&longs;o, that 

<lb/>when the Earth &longs;hall be diametrically oppo&longs;ite to this &longs;tate, &longs;o 

<lb/>that it &longs;eeth the other Hemi&longs;phere of the Sun, which now is hid, 

<lb/>it &longs;hall of the &longs;aid great circle behold the part D G B incurved, 

<lb/>with its convexity towards the &longs;uperiour part A; and the cour&shy;

<lb/>&longs;es of the &longs;pots in the&longs;e con&longs;titutions &longs;hall be fir&longs;t, by the arch 

<lb/>B F D, and afterwards by the other D G B, and the fir&longs;t appari&shy;

<lb/>tions and ultimate occultations made about the points B and D, 

<lb/>&longs;hall be equilibrated, and not tho&longs;e that are more or le&longs;&longs;e eleva&shy;

<lb/>ted than the&longs;e. </s><s>But if we con&longs;titute the Earth in &longs;uch a place 

<lb/>of the Ecliptick, that neither the boundary A B C D, nor the 

<lb/>Meridian A C, pa&longs;&longs;eth by the Poles of the Axis E I, as I will &longs;hew 

<lb/>you anon, drawing this other Figure [<emph type="italics"/>viz. </s><s>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 6.] wherein the 

<lb/>apparent or vi&longs;ible Pole E falleth between the arch of the termi&shy;

<lb/>nator A B, and the &longs;ection of the Meridian A C; the diameter 

<lb/>of the great circle &longs;hall be F O G, and the apparent &longs;emicircle 

<lb/>F N G, and the occult &longs;emicircle G S F, the one incurvated with 

<lb/>its convexity N towards the inferiour part, and the other al&longs;o 

<lb/>bending with its convexity S towards the upper part of the Sun. 

<lb/></s><s>The ingre&longs;&longs;ions and exitions of the &longs;pots, that is, the termes F 

<lb/>and G &longs;hall not be librated, as the two others B and D; but F 

<lb/>&longs;hall be lower, and G higher: but yet with le&longs;&longs;er difference 

<lb/>than in the fir&longs;t Figure. </s><s>The arch al&longs;o F N G &longs;hall be incurva&shy;

<lb/>ted, but not &longs;o much as the precedent B F D; &longs;o that in this po&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ition the pa&longs;&longs;ages or motions of the &longs;pots &longs;hall be a&longs;cendent 

<lb/>from the left &longs;ide F, towards the right G, and &longs;hall be made by 

<lb/>curved lines. </s><s>And imagining the Earth to be con&longs;tituted in the 

<lb/>po&longs;ition diametrically oppo&longs;ite; &longs;o that the Hemi&longs;phere of the 

<lb/>Sun, which was before the occult, may be the apparent, and ter&shy;

<lb/>minated by the &longs;ame boundary A B C D, it will be manife&longs;tly 

<lb/>di&longs;cerned, that the cour&longs;e of the &longs;pots &longs;hall be by the arch G S F, 

<lb/>beginning from the upper point G, which &longs;hall then be likewi&longs;e 

<lb/>from the left hand of the beholder, and going to determine, de&longs;&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/328.jpg" pagenum="318"/>&longs;cending towards the right, in the point F. </s><s>What I have hi&shy;

<lb/>therto &longs;aid, being under&longs;tood, I believe that there remains no 

<lb/>difficulty in conceiving how &longs;rom the pa&longs;&longs;ing of the terminator of 

<lb/>the Solar Hemi&longs;pheres by the Poles of the Suns conver&longs;ion, or 

<lb/>neer or far from the &longs;ame, do ari&longs;e all the differences in the appa&shy;

<lb/>rent cour&longs;es of the &longs;pots; &longs;o that by how much the more tho&longs;e Poles 

<lb/>&longs;hall be remote from the &longs;aid terminator, by &longs;o much the more &longs;hall 

<lb/>tho&longs;e cour&longs;es be incurvated, and le&longs;&longs;e oblique; whereupon at 

<lb/>the &longs;ame di&longs;tance, that is, when tho&longs;e Poles are in the &longs;ection of 

<lb/>the Meridian, the incurvation is reduced to the greate&longs;t, but the 

<lb/>obliquity to the lea&longs;t, that is to <emph type="italics"/>&AElig;quilibrium,<emph.end type="italics"/> as the &longs;econd of 

<lb/>the&longs;e three la&longs;t figures [<emph type="italics"/>viz. </s><s>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 5.] demon&longs;trateth. </s><s>On the 

<lb/>contrary, when the Poles are in the terminator, as the fir&longs;t of 

<lb/>the&longs;e three figures [<emph type="italics"/>viz. </s><s>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 4.] &longs;heweth the inclination is at 

<lb/>the greate&longs;t, but the incurvation at the lea&longs;t, and reduced to 

<lb/>rectitude. </s><s>The terminator departing from the Poles, the curvity 

<lb/>begins to grow &longs;en&longs;ible, the obliquity all the way encrea&longs;ing, 

<lb/>and the inclination growing le&longs;&longs;er.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg584"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The fir&longs;t Ac&shy;

<lb/>cident to be ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>ved in the motion 

<lb/>of the Solar &longs;pots; 

<lb/>and con&longs;equently 

<lb/>all the re&longs;t explai&shy;

<lb/>ned.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>The&longs;e are tho&longs;e admirable and extravagant mutations, that my 

<lb/>Gue&longs;t told me would from time to time appear in the progre&longs;&longs;es 

<lb/>of the Solar &longs;pots, if &longs;o be it &longs;hould be true that the annual mo&shy;

<lb/>tion belonged to the Earth, and that the Sun being con&longs;tituted 

<lb/>in the centre of the Ecliptick, were revolved in it &longs;elf upon an 

<lb/>Axis, not erect, but inclined to the Plane of the &longs;aid Eclip&shy;

<lb/>tick.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I do now very well apprehend the&longs;e con&longs;equences, 

<lb/>and believe that they will be better imprinted in my fancy, when 

<lb/>I &longs;hall come to reflect upon them, accommodating a Globe to 

<lb/>tho&longs;e inclinations, and then beholding them from &longs;everal pla&shy;

<lb/>ces. </s><s>It now remains that you tell us what followed afterwards 

<lb/>touching the event of the&longs;e imaginary con&longs;equences.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg585"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg585"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The events be&shy;

<lb/>ing ob&longs;erved, were 

<lb/>an&longs;werable to the 

<lb/>predictions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It came to pa&longs;&longs;e thereupon, that continuing many &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>veral moneths to make mo&longs;t accurate ob&longs;ervations, noting down 

<lb/>with great exactne&longs;&longs;e the cour&longs;es or tran&longs;itions of &longs;undry &longs;pots at 

<lb/>divers times of the year, we found the events punctually to cor&shy;

<lb/>re&longs;pond to the predictions.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> if this which <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aith be true; (nor 

<lb/>can we di&longs;tru&longs;t him upon his word) the <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomeans<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Aristo&shy;

<lb/>teleans<emph.end type="italics"/> hadneed of &longs;olid arguments, &longs;trong conjectures, and 

<lb/>well grounded experiments to counterpoi&longs;e an objection of &longs;o 

<lb/>much weight, and to &longs;upport their opinion from its final over&shy;

<lb/>throw.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Fair and &longs;oftly good Sir, for haply you may not yet 

<lb/>be got &longs;o far as you per&longs;wade your &longs;elf you are gone. </s><s>And 

<lb/>though I am not an ab&longs;olute ma&longs;ter of the &longs;ubject of that narra&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/329.jpg" pagenum="319"/>tion given us by <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/>; yet do I not find that my Logick, </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg586"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>whil&longs;t I have a regard to form, teacheth me, that that kind of ar&shy;

<lb/>gumentation affords me any nece&longs;&longs;ary rea&longs;on to conclude in fa&shy;

<lb/>vour of the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> Hypothe&longs;is, that is, of the &longs;tability of 

<lb/>the Sun in the centre of the Zodiack, and of the mobility of 

<lb/>the Earth under its circumference. </s><s>For although it be true, that 

<lb/>the &longs;aid conver&longs;ion of the Sun, and cirnition of the Earth being 

<lb/>granted, there be a nece&longs;&longs;ity of di&longs;cerning &longs;uch and &longs;uch &longs;trange 

<lb/>extravagancies as the&longs;e in the &longs;pots of the Sun, yet doth it not 

<lb/>follow that arguing <emph type="italics"/>per conver&longs;um,<emph.end type="italics"/> from finding &longs;uch like un&shy;

<lb/>u&longs;ual accidents in the Sun, one mu&longs;t of nec&longs;&longs;ity conclude the 

<lb/>Earth to move by the circumference, and the Sun to be placed 

<lb/>in the centre of the Zodiack. </s><s>For who &longs;hall a&longs;&longs;ertain me that the 

<lb/>like irregularities may not as well be vi&longs;ible in the Sun, it being 

<lb/>moveable by the Ecliptick, to the inhabitants of the Earth, it 

<lb/>being al&longs;o immoveable in the centre of the &longs;ame? </s><s>Unle&longs;&longs;e you 

<lb/>demon&longs;trate to me, that there can be no rea&longs;on given for that ap&shy;

<lb/>pearance, when the Sun is made moveable, and the Earth &longs;table, 

<lb/>I will not alter my opinion and belief that the Sun moveth, and 

<lb/>the Earth &longs;tandeth &longs;till.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg586"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Though the an&shy;

<lb/>nual motion a&longs;&longs;ign&shy;

<lb/>ed to the Earth an&shy;

<lb/>&longs;werth to the<emph.end type="italics"/> Ph&aelig;&shy;

<lb/>nomena <emph type="italics"/>of the &longs;o&shy;

<lb/>lar &longs;pots, yet doth 

<lb/>it not follow by con&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;ion that from 

<lb/>the<emph.end type="italics"/> Ph&aelig;nomena <emph type="italics"/>of 

<lb/>the &longs;pots one may 

<lb/>infor the annual 

<lb/>motion to belong to 

<lb/>the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> behaveth him&longs;elf very bravely, and argueth 

<lb/>very &longs;ubtilly in defence of the cau&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/>; 

<lb/>and if I may &longs;peak the truth, mythinks that the conver&longs;ation of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> though it have been but of &longs;mall continuance, hath 

<lb/>much farthered him in di&longs;cour&longs;ing &longs;ilogi&longs;tically. </s><s>An effect which 

<lb/>I know to be wrought in others as well as him. </s><s>But as to finding 

<lb/>and judging whether competent rea&longs;on may be rendered of the 

<lb/>apparent exorbitancies and irregularities in the motions of the 

<lb/>&longs;pots, &longs;uppo&longs;ing the Earth to be immoveable, and the Sun 

<lb/>moveable, I &longs;hall expect that <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> manife&longs;t his opinion to 

<lb/>us, for it is very probable that he he hath con&longs;idered of the 

<lb/>&longs;ame, and collected together whatever may be &longs;aid upon the 

<lb/>point.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have often thought thereon, and al&longs;o di&longs;cour&longs;ed 

<lb/>thereof with my Friend and Gue&longs;t afore-named; and touching 

<lb/>what is to be produced by Philo&longs;ophers and A&longs;tronomers, in de&shy;

<lb/>fence of the ancient Sy&longs;teme, we are on one hand certain, cer&shy;

<lb/>tain I &longs;ay, that the true and pure <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> laughing at &longs;uch 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg587"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>as employ them&longs;elves in &longs;uch, to their thinking, in&longs;ipid foole&shy;

<lb/>ries, will cen&longs;ure all the&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;nomena<emph.end type="italics"/> to be vain illu&longs;ions of the 

<lb/>Chri&longs;tals; and in this manner will with little trouble free them&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elves from the obligation of &longs;tudying any more upon the &longs;ame. 

<lb/></s><s>Again, as to the A&longs;tronomical Philo&longs;ophers, after we have with 

<lb/>&longs;ome diligence weighed that which may be alledged as a mean 

<lb/>between tho&longs;e two others, we have not been able to find out an 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/330.jpg" pagenum="320"/>an&longs;wer that &longs;ufficeth to &longs;atis&longs;ie at once the cour&longs;e of the &longs;pots, 

<lb/>and the di&longs;cour&longs;e of the Mind. </s><s>I will explain unto you &longs;o much 

<lb/>as I remember thereof, that &longs;o you may judge thereon as &longs;eems 

<lb/>be&longs;t unto you.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg587"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Pure<emph.end type="italics"/> Peri&shy;

<lb/>patetick <emph type="italics"/>Philo&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>phers will laugh at 

<lb/>the &longs;pots and their<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Ph&aelig;nomena, <emph type="italics"/>as 

<lb/>illu&longs;ions of the 

<lb/>Chry&longs;tals in the 

<lb/>Tele&longs;cope.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>Suppo&longs;ing that the apparent motions of the Solar &longs;pots are the 

<lb/>&longs;ame with tho&longs;e that have been above declared, and &longs;uppo&longs;ing the 

<lb/>Earth to be immoveable in the centre of the Ecliptick, in who&longs;e 

<lb/>circumference let the center of the Sun be placed; it is nece&longs;&longs;ary 

<lb/>that of all the differences that are &longs;een in tho&longs;e motions, the cau&shy;

<lb/>&longs;es do re&longs;ide in the motions that are in the body of the Sun: 

<lb/>Which in the fir&longs;t place mu&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arily revolve in it &longs;elf (<emph type="italics"/>i. </s><s>e.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg588"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>about its own axis) carrying the &longs;pots along therewith; which 

<lb/>&longs;pots have been &longs;uppo&longs;ed, yea and proved to adhere to the So&shy;

<lb/>lar &longs;uperficies. </s><s>It mu&longs;t &longs;econdly be confe&longs;t, that the Axis of the 

<lb/>Solar conver&longs;ion is not parallel to the Axis of the Ecliptick, that 

<lb/>is as much as to &longs;ay, that it is not perpendicularly erected upon 

<lb/>the Plane of the Ecliptick, becau&longs;e if it were &longs;o, the cour&longs;es and 

<lb/>exitions of tho&longs;e &longs;pots would &longs;eem to be made by right lines pa&shy;

<lb/>rallel to the Ecliptick. </s><s>The &longs;aid Axis therefore is inclining, in 

<lb/>regard the &longs;aid cour&longs;es are for the mo&longs;t part made by curve lines. 

<lb/></s><s>It will be nece&longs;&longs;ary in the third place to grant that the inclinati&shy;

<lb/>on of this Axis is not fixed, and continually extended towards 

<lb/>one and the &longs;ame point of the Univer&longs;e, but rather that it doth 

<lb/>alwayes from moment to moment go changing its direction; for 

<lb/>if the pendency &longs;hould always look towards the &longs;elf &longs;ame point, 

<lb/>the cour&longs;es of the &longs;pots would never change appearance; but 

<lb/>appearing at one time either right or curved, bending upwards 

<lb/>or downwards, a&longs;cending or de&longs;cending, they would appear 

<lb/>the &longs;ame at all times. </s><s>It is therefore nece&longs;&longs;ary to &longs;ay, that the 

<lb/>&longs;aid Axis is convertible; and is &longs;ometimes found to be in the 

<lb/>Plane of the circle that is extreme, terminate, or of the vi&longs;ible 

<lb/>Hemi&longs;phere, I mean at &longs;uch time as the cour&longs;es of the &longs;pots 

<lb/>&longs;eem to be made in right lines, and more than ever pendent, 

<lb/>which happeneth twice a year; and at other times found to be in 

<lb/>the Plane of the Meridian of the Ob&longs;ervator, in &longs;uch &longs;ort that 

<lb/>one of its Poles falleth in the vi&longs;ible Hemi&longs;phere of the Sun, and 

<lb/>the other in the occult; and both of them remote from the ex&shy;

<lb/>treme points, or we may &longs;ay, from the poles of another Axis of 

<lb/>the Sun, which is parallel to the Axis of the Ecliptick; (which 

<lb/>&longs;econd Axis mu&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arily be a&longs;&longs;igned to the Solar Globe) re&shy;

<lb/>mote, I &longs;ay, as far as the inclination of the Axis of the revolution 

<lb/>of the &longs;pots doth import; and moreover that the Pole falling in 

<lb/>the apparent Hemi&longs;phere, is one while in the &longs;uperiour, another 

<lb/>while in the inferiour part thereof; for that it mu&longs;t be &longs;o, the 

<lb/>cour&longs;es them&longs;elves do manife&longs;tly evince at &longs;uch time as they are 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/331.jpg" pagenum="321"/>equilibrated, and in their greate&longs;t curvity, one while with 

<lb/>their convexity towards the upper part, and another while 

<lb/>towards the lower part of the Solar <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus.<emph.end type="italics"/> And becau&longs;e 

<lb/>tho&longs;e po&longs;itions are in continuall alteration, making the in&shy;

<lb/>clinations and incurvations now greater, now le&longs;&longs;er, and &longs;ome&shy;

<lb/>times reduce them&longs;elves, the fir&longs;t &longs;ort to perfect libration, and 

<lb/>the &longs;econd to perfect perpendicularity, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary to a&longs;&longs;ert that 

<lb/>the &longs;elf &longs;ame Axis of the monethly revolution of the &longs;pots hath 

<lb/>a particular revolution of its own, whereby its Poles de&longs;cribe 

<lb/>two circles about the Poles of another Axis, which for that rea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;on ought (as I have &longs;aid) to be a&longs;&longs;igned to the Sun, the &longs;emidi&shy;

<lb/>ameter of which circles an&longs;wereth to the quantity of the incli&shy;

<lb/>nation of the &longs;aid Axis. </s><s>And it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that the time of its 

<lb/>Period be a year; for that &longs;uch is the time in which all the ap&shy;

<lb/>pearances and differences in the cour&longs;es of the &longs;pots do return. 

<lb/></s><s>And that the revolution of this Axis, is made about the Poles of 

<lb/>the other Axis parallel to that of the Ecliptick, &amp; not about other 

<lb/>points, the greate&longs;t inclinations and greate&longs;t incurvations, which 

<lb/>are always of the &longs;ame bigne&longs;s, do clearly prove. </s><s>So that finally, to 

<lb/>maintain the Earth fixed in the centre, it will be nece&longs;&longs;ary to a&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ign to the Sun, two motions about its own centre, upon two &longs;eve&shy;

<lb/>ral Axes, one of which fini&longs;heth its conver&longs;ion in a year, and the 

<lb/>other in le&longs;&longs;e than a moneth; which a&longs;&longs;umption &longs;eemeth, to my 

<lb/>under&longs;tanding, very hard, and almo&longs;t impo&longs;&longs;ible; and this de&shy;

<lb/>pendeth on the nece&longs;&longs;ity of a&longs;cribing to the &longs;aid Solar body two 

<lb/>other motions about the Earth upon different Axes, de&longs;cribing 

<lb/>with one the Ecliptick in a year, and with the other forming &longs;pi&shy;

<lb/>rals, or circles parallel to the Equinoctial one every day: 

<lb/>whereupon that third motion which ought to be a&longs;&longs;igned to the 

<lb/>Solar Clobe about its own centre (I mean not that almo&longs;t 

<lb/>monethly, which carrieth the &longs;pots about, but I &longs;peak of that o&shy;

<lb/>ther which ought to pa&longs;&longs;e thorow the Axis and Poles of this 

<lb/>monethly one) ought not, for any rea&longs;on that I &longs;ee, to fini&longs;h its 

<lb/>Period rather in a year, as depending on the annual motion by 

<lb/>the Ecliptick, than in twenty four hours, as depending on the 

<lb/>diurnal motion upon the Poles of the Equinoctial. </s><s>I know, that 

<lb/>what I now &longs;peak is very ob&longs;cure, but I &longs;hall make it plain unto 

<lb/>you, when we come to &longs;peak of the third motion annual, a&longs;&longs;ign&shy;

<lb/>ed by <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> to the Earth. </s><s>Now if the&longs;e four motions, &longs;o 

<lb/>incongruous with each other, (all which it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary to 

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;ign to the &longs;elf &longs;ame body of the Sun) may be reduced to one 

<lb/>&longs;ole and &longs;imple motion, a&longs;&longs;igned the Sun upon an Axis that never 

<lb/>changeth po&longs;ition, and that without innovating any thing in the 

<lb/>motions for &longs;o many other cau&longs;es a&longs;&longs;igned to the Terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe, may &longs;o ea&longs;ily &longs;alve &longs;o many extravagant appearances in 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/332.jpg" pagenum="322"/>the motions of the Solar &longs;pots, it &longs;eemeth really that &longs;uch an 

<lb/>Hypothe&longs;is ought not to be rejected.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg588"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>If the Earth be 

<lb/>immoveable in the 

<lb/>centre of the Zodi&shy;

<lb/>ack, there mu&longs;t be 

<lb/>a&longs;cribed to the Sun 

<lb/>four &longs;everal moti&shy;

<lb/>ons, as is declared 

<lb/>at length.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>This, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> is all that came into the minds of our friend, 

<lb/>and my &longs;elf, that could be alledged in explanation of this <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;no&shy;

<lb/>menon<emph.end type="italics"/> by the <emph type="italics"/>Copernicans,<emph.end type="italics"/> and by the <emph type="italics"/>Ptolom&aelig;ans,<emph.end type="italics"/> in defence 

<lb/>of their opinions. </s><s>Do you inferre from thence what your judg&shy;

<lb/>ment per&longs;wades you.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I acknowledge my &longs;elf unable to interpo&longs;e in &longs;o im&shy;

<lb/>portant a deci&longs;ion: And, as to my particular thoughts, I will 

<lb/>&longs;tand neutral; and yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e I hope that a time will 

<lb/>come, when our minds being illumin'd by more lofty contempla&shy;

<lb/>tions than the&longs;e our humane rea&longs;onings, we &longs;hall be awakened 

<lb/>and freed from that mi&longs;t which now is &longs;o great an hinderance to 

<lb/>our &longs;ight.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Excellent and pious is the coun&longs;el taken by <emph type="italics"/>Simpli&shy;

<lb/>cius,<emph.end type="italics"/> and worthy to be entertained and followed by all, as that 

<lb/>which being derived from the highe&longs;t wi&longs;dome and &longs;upreame&longs;t 

<lb/>authority, may onely, with &longs;ecurity be received. </s><s>But yet &longs;o far 

<lb/>as humane rea&longs;on is permitted to penetrate, confining my &longs;elf 

<lb/>within the bounds of conjectures, and probable rea&longs;ons, I will 

<lb/>&longs;ay a little more re&longs;olutely than <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> doth, that among&longs;t 

<lb/>all the ingenuous &longs;ubtilties I ever heard, I have never met with 

<lb/>any thing of greater admiration to my intellect, nor that hath 

<lb/>more ab&longs;olutely captivated my judgment, (alwayes excepting 

<lb/>pure Geometrical and Arithmetical Demon&longs;trations) than the&longs;e 

<lb/>two conjectures taken, the one from the &longs;tations and retrograda&shy;

<lb/>tions of the five Planets, and the other from the&longs;e irregularities of 

<lb/>the motions of the Solar &longs;pots: and becau&longs;e they &longs;eem to me &longs;o 

<lb/>ea&longs;ily and clearly to a&longs;&longs;ign the true rea&longs;on of &longs;o extravagant ap&shy;

<lb/>pearances, &longs;hewing as if they were but one &longs;ole &longs;imple motion, 

<lb/>mixed with &longs;o many others, &longs;imple likewi&longs;e, but different from 

<lb/>each other, without introducing any difficulty, rather with obvi&shy;

<lb/>ating tho&longs;e that accompany the other Hypothe&longs;is; I am think&shy;

<lb/>ing that I may rationally conclude, that tho&longs;e who contumaci&shy;

<lb/>ou&longs;ly with&longs;tand this Doctrine, either never heard, or never un&shy;

<lb/>der&longs;tood, the&longs;e &longs;o convincing arguments.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will not a&longs;cribe unto them the title either of con&shy;

<lb/>vincing, or non-convincing; in regard my intention is not, as I 

<lb/>have &longs;everal times told you, to re&longs;olve any thing upon &longs;o high a 

<lb/>que&longs;tion, but onely to propo&longs;e tho&longs;e natural and A&longs;tronomicall 

<lb/>rea&longs;ons, which, for the one and other Sy&longs;teme, may be produced 

<lb/>by me, leaving the determination to others; which determinati&shy;

<lb/>on cannot at la&longs;t, but be very manife&longs;t: for one of the two po&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>tions being of nece&longs;&longs;ity to be true, and the other of nece&longs;&longs;ity to 

<lb/>be fal&longs;e, it is a thing impo&longs;&longs;ible that (alwayes confining our &longs;elves 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/333.jpg" pagenum="323"/>within the limits of humane doctrine) the rea&longs;ons alledged for 

<lb/>the true Hypothe&longs;is &longs;hould not manife&longs;t them&longs;elves as concludent 

<lb/>as tho&longs;e for the contrary vain and ineffectual.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It will be time therefore, that we hear the objections 

<lb/>of the little Book of^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Conclu&longs;ions,<emph.end type="italics"/> or Di&longs;qui&longs;itions which <emph type="italics"/>Simpli-<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg589"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>cius<emph.end type="italics"/> did bring with him.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg589"></margin.target>* I &longs;hould have 

<lb/>told you, that the 

<lb/>true name of this 

<lb/>concealed Au&shy;

<lb/>thour is <emph type="italics"/>Chri&longs;to&shy;

<lb/>pher Scheinerus,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and its title <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>qui&longs;itiones Ma&shy;

<lb/>thematic&aelig;.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Here is the Book, and this is the place where the Au&shy;

<lb/>thor fir&longs;t briefly de&longs;cribeth the Sy&longs;teme of the world, according 

<lb/>to the Hypothe&longs;is of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aying, <emph type="italics"/>Terram igitur un&agrave; cum 

<lb/>Luna, totoque hoc elementari mundo<emph.end type="italics"/> Copernicus, &amp;c.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Forbear a little, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> for methinks that this 

<lb/>Authour, in this fir&longs;t entrance, &longs;hews him&longs;elf to be but very ill 

<lb/>ver&longs;t in the Hypothe&longs;is which he goeth about to confute, in re&shy;

<lb/>gard, he &longs;aith that <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> maketh the Earth, together with 

<lb/>the Moon, to de&longs;cribe the ^{*} grand Orb in a year moving from 

<lb/>Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t; a thing that as it is fal&longs;e and impo&longs;&longs;ible, &longs;o was it 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg590"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>never affirmed by <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> who rather maketh it to move the 

<lb/>contrary way, I mean from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t, that is, according to 

<lb/>the order of the Signes; whereupon we come to think the &longs;ame 

<lb/>to be the annual motion of the Sun, con&longs;tituted immoveable in 

<lb/>the centre of the Zodiack. </s><s>See the too adventurous confidence 

<lb/>of this man; to undertake the confutation of anothers Doctrine, 

<lb/>and yet to be ignorant of the primary fundamentals; upon which 

<lb/>his adver&longs;ary layeth the greate&longs;t and mo&longs;t important part of all 

<lb/>the Fabrick. </s><s>This is a bad beginning to gain him&longs;elf credit 

<lb/>with his Reader; but let us go on.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg590"></margin.target>* I.e. the Ecliptick</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Having explained the Univer&longs;al Sy&longs;teme, he beginneth 

<lb/>to propound his objections again&longs;t this annual motion: and 

<lb/>the fir&longs;t are the&longs;e, which he citeth Ironically, and in deri&longs;ion of 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg591"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and of his followers, writing that in this phanta&longs;tical 

<lb/>Hypothe&longs;is of the World one mu&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arily maintain very 

<lb/>gro&longs;&longs;e ab&longs;urdities; namely, that the Sun, <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>are below the Earth; and that grave matters go naturally up&shy;

<lb/>wards, and the light downwards; and that <emph type="italics"/>Chri&longs;t,<emph.end type="italics"/> our Lord and 

<lb/>Redeemer, a&longs;cended into Hell, and de&longs;cended into Heaven, when 

<lb/>he approached towards the Sun, and that when <emph type="italics"/>Jo&longs;huah<emph.end type="italics"/> com&shy;

<lb/>manded the Sun to &longs;tand &longs;till, the Earth &longs;tood &longs;till, or the Sun 

<lb/>moved a contrary way to that of the Earth; and that when the 

<lb/>Sun is in <emph type="italics"/>Cancer,<emph.end type="italics"/> the Earth runneth through <emph type="italics"/>Capricorn<emph.end type="italics"/>; and that 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Hyemal<emph.end type="italics"/> (or Winter) Signes make the Summer, and the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>&AElig;&longs;tival<emph.end type="italics"/> Winter; and that the Stars do not ri&longs;e and &longs;et to 

<lb/>the Earth, but the Earth to the Stars; and that the Ea&longs;t begin&shy;

<lb/>neth in the We&longs;t, and the We&longs;t in the Ea&longs;t; and, in a word, 

<lb/>that almo&longs;t the whole cour&longs;e of the World is inverted.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg591"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In&longs;tances of a 

<lb/>certain Book Iro&shy;

<lb/>nically propounded 

<lb/>again&longs;t<emph.end type="italics"/> Coperni&shy;

<lb/>cus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Every thing plea&longs;eth me, except it be his having inter&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/334.jpg" pagenum="324"/>mixed places out of the &longs;acred Scriptures (alwayes venerable, and 

<lb/>to be rever'd) among&longs;t the&longs;e, but two &longs;currilous fooleries, and 

<lb/>attempting to wound with holy Weapons, tho&longs;e who Philo&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>phating in je&longs;t, and for diverti&longs;ement, neither affirm nor deny, 

<lb/>but, &longs;ome pre&longs;uppo&longs;als and po&longs;itions being a&longs;&longs;umed, do famili&shy;

<lb/>arly argue.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Truth is, he hath di&longs;plea&longs;ed me al&longs;o, and that not a 

<lb/>little; and e&longs;pecially, by adding pre&longs;ently after that, howbeit, 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Copernichists<emph.end type="italics"/> an&longs;wer, though but very impertinently to the&longs;e 

<lb/>and &longs;uch like other rea&longs;ons, yet can they not reconcile nor an&longs;wer 

<lb/>tho&longs;e things that follow.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is wor&longs;e than all the re&longs;t; for he pretendeth to 

<lb/>have things more efficacious and concludent than the Authorities 

<lb/>of the &longs;acred Leaves; But I pray you, let us reverence them, 

<lb/>and pa&longs;&longs;e on to natural and humane rea&longs;ons: and yet if he give 

<lb/>us among&longs;t his natural arguments, things of no more &longs;olidity, 

<lb/>than tho&longs;e hitherto alleadged, we may wholly decline this under&shy;

<lb/>taking, for I as to my own parricular, do not think it fit to &longs;pend 

<lb/>words in an&longs;wering &longs;uch trifling impertinencies. </s><s>And as to what 

<lb/>he &longs;aith, that the <emph type="italics"/>Copernicans<emph.end type="italics"/> an&longs;wer to the&longs;e objections, it is 

<lb/>mo&longs;t fal&longs;e, nor may it be thought, that any man &longs;hould &longs;et him 

<lb/>&longs;elf to wa&longs;t his time &longs;o unprofitably.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg592"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg592"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Suppo&longs;ing the 

<lb/>annual motion to 

<lb/>belong to the Earth, 

<lb/>it followeth, that 

<lb/>one fixed Star, is 

<lb/>bigger than the 

<lb/>whole grand Orb.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I concur with you in the &longs;ame judgment; therefore 

<lb/>let us hear the other in&longs;tances that he brings, as much &longs;tronger. 

<lb/></s><s>And ob&longs;erve here, how he with very exact computations conclud&shy;

<lb/>eth, that if the grand Orb of the Earth, or the ecliptick, in which 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> maketh it to run in a year round the Sun, &longs;hould be 

<lb/>as it were, in&longs;en&longs;ible, in re&longs;pect of the immen&longs;itie of the Starry 

<lb/>Sph&aelig;re, according as the &longs;aid <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aith it is to be &longs;up&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ed, it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary to grant and confirm, that the fixed 

<lb/>Stars were remote from us, an unconceivable di&longs;tance, and that 

<lb/>the le&longs;&longs;er of them, were bigger than the whole grand Orb afore&shy;

<lb/>&longs;aid, and &longs;ome other much bigger than the whole Sph&aelig;re of <emph type="italics"/>Sa&shy;

<lb/>turn<emph.end type="italics"/>; Ma&longs;&longs;es certainly too exce&longs;&longs;ively va&longs;t, unimaginable, and 

<lb/>incredible.</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg593"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg593"></margin.target>Tycho <emph type="italics"/>his Ar&shy;

<lb/>gument grounded 

<lb/>upon a fal&longs;e Hypo&shy;

<lb/>the&longs;is.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have heretofore &longs;een &longs;uch another objection brought 

<lb/>by <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> again&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and this is not the fir&longs;t time that I 

<lb/>have di&longs;covered the fallacy, or, to &longs;ay better, the fallacies of this 

<lb/>Argumemtation, founded upon a mo&longs;t fal&longs;e Hypothe&longs;is, and upon </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg594"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>a Piopo&longs;ition of the &longs;aid <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> under&longs;tood by his adver&longs;a&shy;

<lb/>ries, with too punctual a nicity, according to the practi&longs;e of tho&longs;e 

<lb/>pleaders, who finding the flaw to be in the very merit of their 

<lb/>cau&longs;e, keep to &longs;ome one word, fallen unawares from the contra&shy;

<lb/>ry partie, and fly out into loud and tedious de&longs;cants upon that. 

<lb/></s><s>But for your better information; <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> having declared 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/335.jpg" pagenum="325"/>tho&longs;e admirable con&longs;equences which are derived from the Earths 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg595"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>annual motion, to the other Planets, that is to &longs;ay, of the ^{*} directi&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg596"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ons and retrogradations of the three uppermo&longs;t in particular; he 

<lb/>&longs;ubjoyneth, that this apparent mutation (which is di&longs;cerned more 

<lb/>in <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> than in <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> by rea&longs;on <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> is more remote, and 

<lb/>yet le&longs;&longs;e in <emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> by rea&longs;on it is more remote than <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/>) in 

<lb/>the fixed Stars, did remain imperceptible, by rea&longs;on of their 

<lb/>immen&longs;e remotene&longs;&longs;e from us, in compari&longs;on of the di&longs;tances of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> or <emph type="italics"/>Saturn.<emph.end type="italics"/> Here the Adver&longs;aries of this opinion ri&longs;e up, 

<lb/>and &longs;uppo&longs;ing that fore-named imperceptibility of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> as 

<lb/>if it had been taken by him, for a real and ab&longs;olute thing of no&shy;

<lb/>thing, and adding, that a fixed Star of one of the le&longs;&longs;er magni&shy;

<lb/>tudes, is notwith&longs;tanding perceptible, &longs;eeing that it cometh un&shy;

<lb/>der the &longs;ence of &longs;eeing, they go on to calculate with the inter&shy;

<lb/>vention of other fal&longs;e a&longs;&longs;umptions, and concluding that it is nece&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ary by the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> Doctrine, to admit, that a fixed Star is much 

<lb/>bigger than the whole grand Orb. </s><s>Now to di&longs;cover the vanity 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg597"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of this their whole proceeding, I &longs;hall &longs;hew that a fixed Star of the 

<lb/>&longs;ixth magnitude, being &longs;uppo&longs;ed to be no bigger than the Sun, 

<lb/>one may thence conclude with true demon&longs;trations, that the di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance of the &longs;aid fixed Stars from us, cometh to be &longs;o great, that 

<lb/>the annual motion of the Earth, which cau&longs;eth &longs;o great and 

<lb/>notable variations in the Planets, appears &longs;carce ob&longs;ervable in 

<lb/>them; and at the &longs;ame time, I will di&longs;tinctly &longs;hew the gro&longs;s 

<lb/>fallacies, in the a&longs;&longs;umptions of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> his Adver&longs;aries.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg594"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Litigious Lawyers 

<lb/>that are entertain&shy;

<lb/>ed in an ill cau&longs;e, 

<lb/>keep clo&longs;e to &longs;ome 

<lb/>expre&longs;&longs;ion fallen 

<lb/>from the adver&longs;e 

<lb/>party at unawares.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg595"></margin.target>* Or progre&longs;&longs;ions.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg596"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The apparent 

<lb/>diver&longs;ity of motion 

<lb/>in the Planets, is 

<lb/>in&longs;en&longs;ible in the 

<lb/>fixed Start.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg597"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Suppo&longs;ing that a 

<lb/>fixed Star of the 

<lb/>&longs;ixth magnitude is 

<lb/>no bigger than the<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Sun, <emph type="italics"/>the diver&longs;itie 

<lb/>which is &longs;o great 

<lb/>in the Planets, in 

<lb/>the fixed Stars is 

<lb/>almost in&longs;en&longs;ible.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>And fir&longs;t of all, I &longs;uppo&longs;e with the &longs;aid <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and al&longs;o 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg598"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>with his oppo&longs;ers, that the Semidiameter of the grand Orb, which 

<lb/>is the di&longs;tance of the Earth from the Sun, containeth 1208 Semi&shy;

<lb/>diameters of the &longs;aid Earth. </s><s>Secondly, I premi&longs;e with the allow&shy;

<lb/>ance afore&longs;aid, and of truth, that the ^{*} apparent diameter of the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg599"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Sun in its mean di&longs;tance, to be about half a degree, that is, 30. 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>min. </s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"/> which are 1800. &longs;econds, that is, 108000. thirds. 

<lb/></s><s>And becau&longs;e the apparent Diameter of a fixed Star of the fir&longs;t 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg600"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>magnitude, is no more than 5. &longs;econds, that is, 300. thirds, and 

<lb/>the Diameter of a fixed Star of the &longs;ixth magnitude, 50. thirds, 

<lb/>(and herein is the greate&longs;t errour of the <emph type="italics"/>Anti-Copernicans<emph.end type="italics"/>) There&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg601"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>fore the Diameter of the Sun, containeth the Diameter of a 

<lb/>fixed Star of the &longs;ixth magnitude 2160 times. </s><s>And therefore 

<lb/>if a fixed Star of the &longs;ixth magnitude, were &longs;uppo&longs;ed to be really 

<lb/>equal to the Sun, and not bigger, which is the &longs;ame as to &longs;ay, if 

<lb/>the Sun were &longs;o far removed, that its Diameter &longs;hould &longs;eem to 

<lb/>be one of the 2160. parts of what it now appeareth, its di&longs;tance 

<lb/>ought of nece&longs;&longs;ity to be 2160. times greater than now in effect it 

<lb/>is, which is as much as to &longs;ay, that the di&longs;tance of the fixed Stars 

<lb/>of the &longs;ixth magnitude, is 2160. Semidiameters of the grand 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/336.jpg" pagenum="326"/>Orb. </s><s>And becau&longs;e the di&longs;tance of the Sun from the Earth, con&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg602"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tains by common con&longs;ent 1208. Semidiameters of the &longs;aid Earth, 

<lb/>and the di&longs;tance of the fixed Stars (as hath been &longs;aid) 2160. 

<lb/>Semediameters of the grand Orb, therefore the Semediameter of 

<lb/>the Earth is much greater (that is almo&longs;t double) in compari&longs;on 

<lb/>of the grand Orb, than the Semediameter of the grand Orb, in 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg603"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>relation to the di&longs;tance of the Starry Sph&aelig;re; and therefore the 

<lb/>variation of a&longs;pect in the fixed Stars, cau&longs;ed by the Diameter of 

<lb/>the grand Orb, can be but little more ob&longs;ervable, than that which 

<lb/>is ob&longs;erved in the Sun, occa&longs;ioned by the Semediameter of the 

<lb/>Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg598"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The di&longs;tance of 

<lb/>the Sun, containeth<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>1208 <emph type="italics"/>Semid. </s><s>of the 

<lb/>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg599"></margin.target>* The Diameter 

<lb/>of the Sun, half a 

<lb/>degree.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg600"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Diameter 

<lb/>of a fixed Star, of 

<lb/>the fir&longs;t magni&shy;

<lb/>tude, and of one of 

<lb/>the &longs;ixth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg601"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The apparent 

<lb/>Diameter of the 

<lb/>Sun, how much it 

<lb/>is bigger than that 

<lb/>of a fixed &longs;tar.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg602"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The di&longs;tance of 

<lb/>a fixed &longs;tar of the 

<lb/>&longs;ixth magnitude, 

<lb/>how much it is, the 

<lb/>&longs;tar being &longs;uppo&longs;ed 

<lb/>to be equal to the 

<lb/>Sun.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg603"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In the fixed &longs;tars 

<lb/>the diver&longs;itie of a&shy;

<lb/>&longs;pect, cau&longs;ed by 

<lb/>the grand Orb, is 

<lb/>little more then 

<lb/>that cau&longs;ed by the 

<lb/>Earth in the Snn.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This is a great fall for the fir&longs;t &longs;tep.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is doubtle&longs;&longs;e an errour; for a fixed Star of the &longs;ixth 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg604"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>magnitude, which by the computation of this Authour, ought, 

<lb/>for the upholding the propo&longs;ition of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> to be as big as 

<lb/>the whole grand Orb, onely by &longs;uppo&longs;ing it equal to the Sun, 

<lb/>which Sun is le&longs;&longs;e by far, than the hundred and &longs;ix milionth part 

<lb/>of the &longs;aid grand Orb, maketh the &longs;tarry Sph&aelig;re &longs;o great and high 

<lb/>as &longs;ufficeth to overthrow the in&longs;tance brought again&longs;t the &longs;aid <emph type="italics"/>Co&shy;

<lb/>pernicus.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg604"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A &longs;tar of the 

<lb/>&longs;ixth magnitude, 

<lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;ed by<emph.end type="italics"/> Tycho 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>and the Authour 

<lb/>of the Book of Con&shy;

<lb/>clu&longs;ions, an hun&shy;

<lb/>dred and &longs;ix mili&shy;

<lb/>ons of times bigger 

<lb/>than needs.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Favour me with this computation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The &longs;upputation is ea&longs;ie and &longs;hort. </s><s>The Diameter of 

<lb/>the Sun, is eleven &longs;emediameters of the Earth, and the Diameter 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg605"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of the grand Orb, contains 2416. of tho&longs;e &longs;ame &longs;emediameters, 

<lb/>by the a&longs;cent of both parties; &longs;o that the Diameter of the &longs;aid 

<lb/>Orb, contains the Suns Diameter 220. times very near. </s><s>And 

<lb/>becau&longs;e the Spheres are to one another, as the Cubes of their Di&shy;

<lb/>ameters, let us make the Cube of 220. which is 106480000. and 

<lb/>we &longs;hall have the grand Orb, an hundred and &longs;ix millions, four 

<lb/>hundred and eighty thou&longs;and times bigger than the Sun, to which 

<lb/>grand Orb, a &longs;tar of the fixth magnitude, ought to be equal, ac&shy;

<lb/>cording to the a&longs;&longs;ertion of this Authour.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg605"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The computati&shy;

<lb/>on of the magni&shy;

<lb/>tude of the fixed 

<lb/>Stars, in re&longs;pect to 

<lb/>the grand Orb.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The errour then of the&longs;e men, con&longs;i&longs;teth in being ex&shy;

<lb/>treamly mi&longs;taken, in taking the apparent Diameter of the fixed 

<lb/>Stars.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is one, but not the onely errour of them; and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg606"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>indeed, I do very much admire how &longs;o many <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomers,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>tho&longs;e very famous, as are <emph type="italics"/>Alfagranus, Albategnus, Tebizius,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>much more modernly the <emph type="italics"/>Tycho's<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Clavius's,<emph.end type="italics"/> and in &longs;umm, 

<lb/>all the predece&longs;&longs;ors of our <emph type="italics"/>Academian,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hould have been &longs;o gro&longs;ly 

<lb/>mi&longs;taken, in determining the magnitudes of all the Stars, as well 

<lb/>&longs;ixed as moveable, the two Luminaries excepted out of that num&shy;

<lb/>ber; and that they have not taken any heed to the adventitious 

<lb/>irradiations that deceitfully repre&longs;ent them an hundred and more 

<lb/>times bigger, than when they are beheld, without tho&longs;e capilli&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/337.jpg" pagenum="327"/>ous rayes, nor can this their inadvertency be excu&longs;ed, in regard 

<lb/>that it was in their power to have beheld them at their plea&longs;ure 

<lb/>without tho&longs;e tre&longs;&longs;es, which is done, by looking upon them at 

<lb/>their fir&longs;t appearance in the evening, or their la&longs;t occultation in 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg607"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the comming on of day; and if none of the re&longs;t, yet <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>which oft times is &longs;een at noon day, &longs;o &longs;mall, that one mu&longs;t &longs;har&shy;

<lb/>pen the &longs;ight in di&longs;cerning it; and again, in the following night, 

<lb/>&longs;eemeth a great flake of light, might adverti&longs;e them of their fal&shy;

<lb/>lacy; for I will not believe that they thought the true <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> to 

<lb/>be that which is &longs;een in the ob&longs;cure&longs;t darkne&longs;&longs;es, and not that 

<lb/>which is di&longs;cerned in the luminous <emph type="italics"/>Medium<emph.end type="italics"/>: for our lights, which 

<lb/>&longs;een by night afar off appear great, and neer at hand &longs;hew their 

<lb/>true lu&longs;tre to be terminate and &longs;mall, might have ea&longs;ily have 

<lb/>made them cautious; nay, if I may freely &longs;peak my thoughts, I 

<lb/>ab&longs;olutely believe that none of them, no not <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf, &longs;o 

<lb/>accurate in handling A&longs;tronomical In&longs;truments, and that &longs;o great 

<lb/>and accurate, without &longs;paring very great co&longs;t in their con&longs;tru&shy;

<lb/>ction, did ever go about to take and mea&longs;ure the apparent dia&shy;

<lb/>meter of any Star, the Sun and Moon excepted; but I think, 

<lb/>that arbitrarily, and as we &longs;ay, with the eye, &longs;ome one of the 

<lb/>more antient of them pronounced the thing to be &longs;o and &longs;o, and 

<lb/>that all that followed him afterwards, without more ado, kept 

<lb/>clo&longs;e to what the fir&longs;t had &longs;aid; for if any one of them had ap&shy;

<lb/>plied him&longs;elf to have made &longs;ome new proof of the &longs;ame, he would 

<lb/>doubtle&longs;&longs;e have di&longs;covered the fraud.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg606"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A common er&shy;

<lb/>rour of all the<emph.end type="italics"/> A&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tronomers, <emph type="italics"/>touch&shy;

<lb/>ing the magnitude 

<lb/>of the &longs;tars.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg607"></margin.target>Venus <emph type="italics"/>renders the 

<lb/>errour of A&longs;trono&shy;

<lb/>mers in determin&shy;

<lb/>ing the magnitudes 

<lb/>of &longs;tars inexcu&longs;a&shy;

<lb/>ble.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But if they wanted the Tele&longs;cope, and you have al&shy;

<lb/>ready &longs;aid, that our <emph type="italics"/>Friend<emph.end type="italics"/> with that &longs;ame In&longs;trument came to 

<lb/>the knowledge of the truth, they ought to be excu&longs;ed, and not 

<lb/>accu&longs;ed of ignorance.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This would hold good, if without the Tele&longs;cope the 

<lb/>bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e could not be effected. </s><s>Its true, that this In&longs;trument by 

<lb/>&longs;hewing the <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> of the Star naked, and magnified an hun&shy;

<lb/>dred or a thou&longs;and times, rendereth the operation much more ea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ie, but the &longs;ame thing may be done, although not altogether &longs;o 

<lb/>exactly, without the In&longs;trument, and I have many times done 

<lb/>the &longs;ame, and my method therein was this. </s><s>I have cau&longs;ed a rope 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg608"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>to be hanged towards &longs;ome Star, and I have made u&longs;e of the 

<lb/>Con&longs;tellation, called the <emph type="italics"/>Harp,<emph.end type="italics"/> which ri&longs;eth between the North 

<lb/>and ^{*} North-ea&longs;t, and then by going towards, and from 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg609"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the &longs;aid rope, interpo&longs;ed between me and the Star, I have found 

<lb/>the place from whence the thickne&longs;&longs;e of the rope hath ju&longs;t hid 

<lb/>the Star from me: this done, I have taken the di&longs;tance from the 

<lb/>eye to the rope, which was one of the &longs;ides including the angle 

<lb/>that was compo&longs;ed in the eye, and ^{*} which in&longs;i&longs;teth upon the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg610"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>thickne&longs;&longs;e of the rope, and which is like, yea the &longs;ame with the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/338.jpg" pagenum="328"/>angle in the Starry Sphere, that in&longs;i&longs;teth upon the diameter of 

<lb/>the Star, and by the proportion of the ropes thickne&longs;&longs;e to the 

<lb/>di&longs;tance from the eye to the rope, by the table of Arches and 

<lb/>Chords, I have immediately found the quantity of the angle; u&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ing all the while the wonted caution that is ob&longs;erved in taking 

<lb/>angles &longs;o acute, not to forme the concour&longs;e of the vi&longs;ive rayes 

<lb/>in the centre of the eye, where they are onely refracted, but 

<lb/>beyond the eye, where really the pupils greatne&longs;&longs;e maketh them 

<lb/>to concur.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg608"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A way to mea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ure the apparent 

<lb/>diameter of a &longs;tar.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg609"></margin.target>* Rendred in 

<lb/>Latine <emph type="italics"/>Corum,<emph.end type="italics"/> that 

<lb/>is to &longs;ay, North&shy;

<lb/>we&longs;t.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg610"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>i.e.<emph.end type="italics"/> Is &longs;ubten&shy;

<lb/>ded by.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I apprehend this your cautelous procedure, albeit I 

<lb/>have a kind of h&aelig;&longs;itancy touching the &longs;ame, but that which mo&longs;t 

<lb/>puzzleth me is, that in this operation, if it be made in the dark 

<lb/>of night, methinks that you mea&longs;ure the diameter of the irradia&shy;

<lb/>ted <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and not the true and naked face of the Star.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Not &longs;o, Sir, for the rope in covering the naked body 

<lb/>of the Star, taketh away the rayes, which belong not to it, but 

<lb/>to our eye, of which it is deprived &longs;o &longs;oon as the true <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>thereof is hid; and in making the ob&longs;ervation, you &longs;hall &longs;ee, how 

<lb/>unexpectedly a little cord will cover that rea&longs;onable big body of 

<lb/>light, which &longs;eemed impo&longs;&longs;ible to be hid, unle&longs;&longs;e it were with a 

<lb/>much broader Screene: to mea&longs;ure, in the next place, and exa&shy;

<lb/>ctly to find out, how many of tho&longs;e thickne&longs;&longs;es of the rope inter&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;e in the di&longs;tance between the &longs;aid rope and the eye, I take not 

<lb/>onely one diameter of the rope, but laying many pieces of the 

<lb/>&longs;ame together upon a Table, &longs;o that they touch, I take with a 

<lb/>pair of Compa&longs;&longs;es the whole &longs;pace occupied by fifteen, or twen&shy;

<lb/>ty of them, and with that mea&longs;ure I commen&longs;urate the di&longs;tance 

<lb/>before with another &longs;maller cord taken from the rope to the con&shy;

<lb/>cour&longs;e of the vi&longs;ive rayes. </s><s>And with this &longs;ufficiently-exact ope&shy;

<lb/>ration I finde the apparent diameter of a fixed Star of the fir&longs;t 

<lb/>magnitude, commonly e&longs;teemed to be 2 <emph type="italics"/>min. </s><s>pri.<emph.end type="italics"/> and al&longs;o 3 <emph type="italics"/>min. 

<lb/></s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"/> by <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> in his <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomical Letters, cap.<emph.end type="italics"/> 167. to be no 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg611"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>more than 5 <emph type="italics"/>&longs;econds,<emph.end type="italics"/> which is one of the 24. or 36. parts of what 

<lb/>they have held it: &longs;ee now upon what gro&longs;&longs;e errours their Do&shy;

<lb/>ctrines are founded.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg611"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The diameter of 

<lb/>a fixed &longs;tar of the 

<lb/>fir&longs;t magnitude not 

<lb/>more than five &longs;ec. 

<lb/></s><s>min.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I &longs;ee and comprehend this very well, but before we 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;e any further, I would propound the doubt that ari&longs;eth in 

<lb/>me in the finding the concour&longs;e [or inter&longs;ection] of the vi&longs;ual 

<lb/>rayes beyond the eye, when ob&longs;ervation is made of objects com&shy;

<lb/>prehended between very acute angles; and my &longs;cruple proceeds 

<lb/>from thinking, that the &longs;aid concour&longs;e may be &longs;ometimes more 

<lb/>remote, and &longs;ometimes le&longs;&longs;e; and this not &longs;o much, by meanes 

<lb/>of the greater or le&longs;&longs;er magnitude of the object that is beheld, as 

<lb/>becau&longs;e that in ob&longs;erving objects of the &longs;ame bigne&longs;&longs;e, it &longs;eems 

<lb/>to me that the concour&longs;e of the rayes, for certain other re&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/339.jpg" pagenum="329"/>&longs;pects ought to be made more and le&longs;&longs;e remote from the eye.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I &longs;ee already, whither the apprehen&longs;ion of <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>a mo&longs;t diligent ob&longs;erver of Natures &longs;ecrets, tendeth; and I 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg612"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>would lay any wager, that among&longs;t the thou&longs;ands that have ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erved Cats to contract and inlarge the pupils of their eyes very 

<lb/>much, there are not two, nor haply one that hath ob&longs;erved the 

<lb/>like effect to be wrought by the pupils of men in &longs;eeing, whil&longs;t 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>medium<emph.end type="italics"/> is much or little illumin'd, and that in the open light 

<lb/>the circlet of the pupil dimini&longs;heth con&longs;iderably: &longs;o that in loo&shy;

<lb/>king upon the face or <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> of the Sun, it is reduced to a &longs;mall&shy;

<lb/>ne&longs;&longs;e le&longs;&longs;er than a grain of ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Panick,<emph.end type="italics"/> and in beholding objects 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg613"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that do not &longs;hine, and are in a le&longs;&longs;e luminous <emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> it is inlar&shy;

<lb/>god to the bigne&longs;&longs;e of a Lintel or more; and in &longs;umme this 

<lb/>expan&longs;ion and contraction differeth in more than decuple pro&shy;

<lb/>portion: From whence it is manife&longs;t, that when the pupil is 

<lb/>much dilated, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that the angle of the rayes con&shy;

<lb/>cour&longs;e be more remote from the eye; which happeneth in be&shy;

<lb/>holding objects little luminated. </s><s>This is a Doctrine which <emph type="italics"/>Sa&shy;

<lb/>gredus<emph.end type="italics"/> hath, ju&longs;t now, given me the hint of, whereby, if we 

<lb/>were to make a very exact ob&longs;ervation, and of great con&longs;e&shy;

<lb/>quence, we are advertized to make the ob&longs;ervation of that con&shy;

<lb/>cour&longs;e in the act of the &longs;ame, or ju&longs;t &longs;uch another operation; but 

<lb/>in this our ca&longs;e, wherein we are to &longs;hew the errour of <emph type="italics"/>Astrono&shy;

<lb/>mers,<emph.end type="italics"/> this accuratene&longs;&longs;e is not nece&longs;&longs;ary: for though we &longs;hould, 

<lb/>in favour of the contrary party, &longs;uppo&longs;e the &longs;aid concour&longs;e to be 

<lb/>made upon the pupil it &longs;elf, it would import little, their mi&longs;take 

<lb/>being &longs;o great. </s><s>I am not certain, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that this would have 

<lb/>been your objection.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg612"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The circle of the 

<lb/>pupil of the eye en&shy;

<lb/>largeth and con&shy;

<lb/>tracteth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg613"></margin.target>+ <emph type="italics"/>Panicum,<emph.end type="italics"/> a 

<lb/>&longs;mall grain like to 

<lb/>Mill, I take it to be 

<lb/>the &longs;ame with that 

<lb/>called Bird Seed.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It is the very &longs;ame, and I am glad that it was not al&shy;

<lb/>together without rea&longs;on, as your concurrence in the &longs;ame a&longs;&longs;u&shy;

<lb/>reth me; but yet upon this occa&longs;ion I would willingly hear what 

<lb/>way may be taken to finde out the di&longs;tance of the concour&longs;e of 

<lb/>the vi&longs;ual rayes.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The method is very ea&longs;ie, and this it is, I take two 

<lb/>long^{*} labels of paper, one black, and the other white, and make 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg614"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the black half as broad as the white; then I &longs;tick up the white a&shy;

<lb/>gain&longs;t a wall, and far from that I place the other upon a &longs;tick, or 

<lb/>other &longs;upport, at a di&longs;tance of fifteen or twenty yards, and rece&shy;

<lb/>ding from this, &longs;econd another &longs;uch a &longs;pace in the &longs;ame right line, 

<lb/>it is very manife&longs;t, that at the &longs;aid di&longs;tance the right lines will 

<lb/>concur, that departing from the termes of the breadth of the 

<lb/>white piece, &longs;hall pa&longs;&longs;e clo&longs;e by the edges of the other label pla&shy;

<lb/>ced in the mid-way; whence it followeth, that in ca&longs;e the eye 

<lb/>were placed in the point of the &longs;aid concour&longs;e or inter&longs;ection, 

<lb/>the black &longs;lip of paper in the mid&longs;t would preci&longs;ely hide the op&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/340.jpg" pagenum="330"/>po&longs;ite blank, if the &longs;ight were made in one onely point; but if we 

<lb/>&longs;hould find, that the edges of the white cartel appear di&longs;covered, 

<lb/>it &longs;hall be a nece&longs;&longs;ary argument that the vi&longs;ual rayes do not i&longs;&longs;ue 

<lb/>from one &longs;ole point. </s><s>And to make the white label to be hid by 

<lb/>the black, it will be requi&longs;ite to draw neerer with the eye: 

<lb/>Therefore, having approached &longs;o neer, that the intermediate la&shy;

<lb/>bel covereth the other, and noted how much the required ap&shy;

<lb/>proximation was, the quantity of that approach &longs;hall be the cer&shy;

<lb/>tain mea&longs;ure, how much the true concour&longs;e of the vi&longs;ive rayes, is 

<lb/>remote from the eye in the &longs;aid operation, and we &longs;hall moreover 

<lb/>have the diameter of the pupil, or of that circlet from whence 

<lb/>the vi&longs;ive rayes proceed: for it &longs;hall be to the breadth of the 

<lb/>black paper, as is the di&longs;tance from the concour&longs;e of the lines, 

<lb/>that are produced by the edges of the papers to the place where 

<lb/>the eye &longs;tandeth, when it fir&longs;t &longs;eeth the remote paper to be hid 

<lb/>by the intermediate one, as that di&longs;tance is, I &longs;ay, to the di&longs;tance 

<lb/>that is between tho&longs;e two papers. </s><s>And therefore when we 

<lb/>would, with exactne&longs;&longs;e, mea&longs;ure the apparent diameter of a Star, 

<lb/>having made the ob&longs;ervation in manner, as afore&longs;aid, it would be 

<lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ary to compare the diameter of the rope to the diameter of 

<lb/>the pupil; and having found <emph type="italics"/>v.g.<emph.end type="italics"/> the diameter of the rope to be 

<lb/>quadruple to that of the pupil, and the di&longs;tance of the eye from 

<lb/>the rope to be, for example, thirty yards, we would &longs;ay, that the 

<lb/>true concour&longs;e of the lines produced from the ends or extremi&shy;

<lb/>ties of the diameter of the &longs;tar, by the extremities of the dia&shy;

<lb/>meter of the rope, doth fall out to be fourty yards remote from 

<lb/>the &longs;aid rope, for &longs;o we &longs;hall have ob&longs;erved, as we ought, the pro&shy;

<lb/>portion between the di&longs;tance of the rope from the concour&longs;e of 

<lb/>the &longs;aid lines, and the di&longs;tance from the &longs;aid concour&longs;e to the 

<lb/>place of the eye, which ought to be the &longs;ame that is between 

<lb/>the diameter of the rope, and diameter of the pupil.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg614"></margin.target>* Stri&longs;ce. 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>How to find the 

<lb/>di&longs;tance of the rays 

<lb/>concour&longs;e from the 

<lb/>pupil.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I have perfectly under&longs;tood the whole bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e, and 

<lb/>therefore let us hear what <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> hath to alledge in defence of 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Anti-Copernicans.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Albeit that grand and altogether incredible inconve&shy;

<lb/>nience in&longs;i&longs;ted upon by the&longs;e adver&longs;aries of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> be much 

<lb/>moderated and abated by the di&longs;cour&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> yet do I 

<lb/>not think it weakened &longs;o, as that it hath not &longs;trength enough left 

<lb/>to foil this &longs;ame opinion. </s><s>For, if I have rightly apprehended the 

<lb/>chief and ultimate conclu&longs;ion, in ca&longs;e, the &longs;tars of the &longs;ixth mag&shy;

<lb/>nitude were &longs;uppo&longs;ed to be as big as the Sun, (which yet I can 

<lb/>hardly think) yet it would &longs;till be true, that the grand Orb [or 

<lb/>Ecliptick] would occa&longs;ion a mutation and variation in the &longs;tarry 

<lb/>Sphere, like to that which the &longs;emidiameter of the Earth produ&shy;

<lb/>ceth in the Sun, which yet is ob&longs;ervable; &longs;o that neither that, no 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/341.jpg" pagenum="331"/>nor a le&longs;&longs;e mutation being di&longs;cerned in the fixed Stars, methinks 

<lb/>that by this means the annual motion of the Earth is de&longs;troyed 

<lb/>and overthrown.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You might very well &longs;o conclude, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> if we 

<lb/>had nothing el&longs;e to &longs;ay in behalf of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/>: but we have 

<lb/>many things to alledge that yet have not been mentioned; and 

<lb/>as to that your reply, nothing hindereth, but that we may &longs;up&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;e the di&longs;tance of the fixed Stars to be yet much greater than 

<lb/>that which hath been allowed them, and you your &longs;elf, and who&shy;

<lb/>ever el&longs;e will not derogate from the propo&longs;itions admitted by 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Piolomy<emph.end type="italics"/>'s &longs;ectators, mu&longs;t needs grant it as a thing mo&longs;t requi&longs;ite 

<lb/>to &longs;uppo&longs;e the Starry Sphere to be very much bigger yet than 

<lb/>that which even now we &longs;aid that it ought to be e&longs;teemed. </s><s>For 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg615"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>all A&longs;tronomers agreeing in this, that the cau&longs;e of the greater 

<lb/>tardity of the Revolutions of the Planets is, the majority of 

<lb/>their Spheres, and that therefore <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> is more flow than <emph type="italics"/>Ju&shy;

<lb/>piter,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> than the Sun, for that the fir&longs;t is to de&longs;cribe a 

<lb/>greater circle than the &longs;econd, and that than this later, &amp;c. </s><s>con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;idering that <emph type="italics"/>Saturn v.g.<emph.end type="italics"/> the altitude of who&longs;e Orb is nine times 

<lb/>higher than that of the Sun, and that for that cau&longs;e the time of 

<lb/>one Revolution of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> is thirty times longer than that of a 

<lb/>conver&longs;ion of the Sun, in regard that according to the Doctrine 

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> one conver&longs;ion of the &longs;tarry Sphere is fini&longs;hed in 

<lb/>36000. years, whereas that of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> is con&longs;ummate in thirty, 

<lb/>and that of the Sun in one, arguing with a like proportion, and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg616"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;aying, if the Orb of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> by rea&longs;on it is nine times bigger 

<lb/>than that of the Sun, revolves in a time thirty times longer, by 

<lb/>conver&longs;ion, how great ought that Orb to be, which revolves 

<lb/>36000. times more &longs;lowly? </s><s>it &longs;hall be found that the di&longs;tance of 

<lb/>the &longs;tarry Sphere ought to be 10800 &longs;emidiameters of the grand 

<lb/>Orb, which &longs;hould be full five times bigger than that, which even 

<lb/>now we computed it to be, in ca&longs;e that a fixed Star of the &longs;ixth 

<lb/>magnitude were equal to the Sun. </s><s>Now &longs;ee how much le&longs;&longs;er yet, 

<lb/>upon this account, the variation occa&longs;ioned in the &longs;aid Stars, by 

<lb/>the annual motion of the Earth, ought to appear. </s><s>And if at the 

<lb/>&longs;ame rate we would argue the di&longs;tance of the &longs;tarry Sphere from 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg617"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> and from <emph type="italics"/>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"/> that would give it us to be 15000. and 

<lb/>this 27000 &longs;emidiameters of the grand Orb, to wit, the fir&longs;t 

<lb/>&longs;even, and the &longs;econd twelve times bigger than what the mag&shy;

<lb/>nitude of the fixed Star, &longs;uppo&longs;ed equal to the Sun, did make 

<lb/>it.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg615"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>All Astrono&shy;

<lb/>mers agree that 

<lb/>the greater magni&shy;

<lb/>tudes of the Orbes 

<lb/>is the cau&longs;e of the 

<lb/>tardity of the con&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;ions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg616"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>By another &longs;up&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ition taken from 

<lb/>A&longs;tronomers, the 

<lb/>di&longs;tance of the fix&shy;

<lb/>ed Stars is calcu&shy;

<lb/>lated to be 10800 

<lb/>&longs;emidiameters of 

<lb/>the grand Orb.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg617"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>By the proportion 

<lb/>of<emph.end type="italics"/> Jupiter <emph type="italics"/>and of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Mais, <emph type="italics"/>the &longs;tarry 

<lb/>Sphere is found to 

<lb/>be yet more remote.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Methinks that to this might be an&longs;wered, that the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the &longs;tarry Sphere hath, &longs;ince <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> been ob&longs;erved not 

<lb/>to be &longs;o &longs;low as he accounted it; yea, if I mi&longs;take. </s><s>not, I have 

<lb/>heard that <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf made the Ob&longs;ervation.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/342.jpg" pagenum="332"/><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You &longs;ay very well; but you alledge nothing in that 

<lb/>which may favour the cau&longs;e of the <emph type="italics"/>Ptolom&oelig;ans<emph.end type="italics"/> in the lea&longs;t, who 

<lb/>did never yet reject the motion of 36000. years in the &longs;tarry 

<lb/>Sphere, for that the &longs;aid tardity would make it too va&longs;t and im&shy;

<lb/>men&longs;e. </s><s>For if that the &longs;aid immen&longs;ity was not to be &longs;uppo&longs;ed in 

<lb/>Nature, they ought before now to to have denied a conver&longs;ion 

<lb/>&longs;o &longs;low as that it could not with good proportion adapt it &longs;elf, 

<lb/>&longs;ave onely to a Sphere of mon&longs;trous magnitude.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Pray you, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> let us lo&longs;e no more time in pro&shy;

<lb/>ceeding, by the way of the&longs;e proportions with people that are apt 

<lb/>to admit things mo&longs;t di&longs;-proportionate; &longs;o that its impo&longs;&longs;ible 

<lb/>to win any thing upon them this way: and what more di&longs;propor&shy;

<lb/>tionate proportion can be imagined than that which the&longs;e men 

<lb/>&longs;wallow down, and admit, in that writing, that there cannot be a 

<lb/>more convenient way to di&longs;po&longs;e the C&oelig;le&longs;tial Spheres, in order, 

<lb/>than to regulate them by the differences of the times of their pe&shy;

<lb/>riods, placing from one degree to another the more flow above 

<lb/>the more &longs;wift, when they have con&longs;tituted the Starry Sphere 

<lb/>higher than the re&longs;t, as being the &longs;lowe&longs;t, they frame another 

<lb/>higher &longs;till than that, and con&longs;equently greater, and make it re&shy;

<lb/>volve in twenty four hours, whil&longs;t the next below, it moves not 

<lb/>round under 36000. years?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I could wi&longs;h, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> that &longs;u&longs;pending for a time 

<lb/>the affection rhat you bear to the followers of your opinion, you 

<lb/>would &longs;incerely tell me, whether you think that they do in their 

<lb/>minds comprehend that magnitude, which they reject afterwards 

<lb/>as uncapable for its immen&longs;ity to be a&longs;cribed to the Univer&longs;e. 

<lb/></s><s>For I, as to my own part, think that they do not; But believe, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg618"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that like as in the apprehen&longs;ion of numbers, when once a man 

<lb/>begins to pa&longs;&longs;e tho&longs;e millions of millions, the imagination is con&shy;

<lb/>founded, and can no longer form a conceipt of the &longs;ame, &longs;o it 

<lb/>happens al&longs;o in comprehending immen&longs;e magnitudes and di&longs;tan&shy;

<lb/>ces; &longs;o that there intervenes to the comprehen&longs;ion an effect like 

<lb/>to that which befalleth the &longs;en&longs;e; For while&longs;t that in a &longs;erene 

<lb/>night I look towards the Stars, I judge, according to &longs;en&longs;e, that 

<lb/>their di&longs;tance is but a few miles, and that the fixed Stars are not a 

<lb/>jot more remote than <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> or <emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> nay than the Moon. 

<lb/></s><s>But without more ado, con&longs;ider the controver&longs;ies that have pa&longs;t 

<lb/>between the A&longs;tronomers and Peripatetick Philo&longs;ophers, upon 

<lb/>occa&longs;ion of the new Stars of <emph type="italics"/>Ca&longs;&longs;iopeia<emph.end type="italics"/> and of <emph type="italics"/>Sagittary,<emph.end type="italics"/> the A&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tronomers placing them among&longs;t the fixed Stars, and the Philo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ophers believing them to be below the Moon. </s><s>So unable is our 

<lb/>&longs;en&longs;e to di&longs;tingui&longs;h great di&longs;tances from the greate&longs;t, though the&longs;e 

<lb/>be in reality many thou&longs;and times greater than tho&longs;e. </s><s>In a word, 

<lb/>I ask of thee, O fooli&longs;h man! Doth thy imagination comprehend 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/343.jpg" pagenum="333"/>that va&longs;t magnitude of the Univer&longs;e, which thou afterwards judg&shy;

<lb/>e&longs;t to be too immen&longs;e? </s><s>If thou comprehende&longs;t it; wilt thou 

<lb/>hold that thy apprehen&longs;ion extendeth it &longs;elf farther than the Di&shy;

<lb/>vine Power? </s><s>wilt thou &longs;ay, that thou can&longs;t imagine greater 

<lb/>things than tho&longs;e which God can bring to pa&longs;&longs;e? </s><s>But if thou 

<lb/>apprehende&longs;t it not, why wilt thou pa&longs;&longs;e thy verdict upon things 

<lb/>beyond thy comprehen&longs;ion?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg618"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Immen&longs;e mag&shy;

<lb/>nitudes and num&shy;

<lb/>bers are incompre&shy;

<lb/>hen&longs;ible by our un&shy;

<lb/>der&longs;tanding.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>All this is very well, nor can it be denied, but that 

<lb/>Heaven may in greatne&longs;&longs;e &longs;urpa&longs;&longs;e our imagination, as al&longs;o that 

<lb/>God might have created it thou&longs;ands of times va&longs;ter than now it 

<lb/>is; but we ought not to grant any thing to have been made in 

<lb/>vain, and to be idle in the Univer&longs;e. </s><s>Now, in that we &longs;ee this ad&shy;

<lb/>mirable order of the Planets, di&longs;po&longs;ed about the Earth in di&longs;tan&shy;

<lb/>ces proportionate for producing their effects for our advantage, 

<lb/>to what purpo&longs;e is it to interpo&longs;e afterwards between the &longs;ublime 

<lb/>Orb of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> and the &longs;tarry Sphere, a va&longs;t vacancy, without any 

<lb/>&longs;tar that is &longs;uperfluous, and to no purpo&longs;e? </s><s>To what end? </s><s>For 

<lb/>who&longs;e profit and advantage?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Methinks we arrogate too much to our &longs;elves, <emph type="italics"/>Simpli&shy;

<lb/>cius,<emph.end type="italics"/> whil&longs;t we will have it, that the onely care of us, is the ad&shy;

<lb/>&aelig;quate work, and bound, beyond which the Divine Wi&longs;dome 

<lb/>and Power doth, or di&longs;po&longs;eth of nothing. </s><s>But I will not con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ent, that we &longs;hould &longs;o much &longs;horten its hand, but de&longs;ire that we 

<lb/>may content our &longs;elves with an a&longs;&longs;urance that God and Nature 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg619"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>are &longs;o imployed in the governing of humane affairs, that they 

<lb/>could not more apply them&longs;elves thereto, although they had no 

<lb/>other care than onely that of mankind; and this, I think, I am 

<lb/>able to make out by a mo&longs;t pertinent and mo&longs;t noble example, 

<lb/>taken from the operation of the Suns light, which while&longs;t it at&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg620"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tracteth the&longs;e vapours, or &longs;corcheth that plant, it attracteth, it 

<lb/>&longs;corcheth them, as if it had no more to do; yea, in ripening that 

<lb/>bunch of grapes, nay that one &longs;ingle grape, it doth apply it &longs;elf 

<lb/>&longs;o, that it could not be more inten&longs;e if the &longs;um of all its bu&longs;ine&longs;s 

<lb/>had been the only maturation of that grape. </s><s>Now if this grape 

<lb/>receiveth all that it is po&longs;&longs;ible for it to receive from the Sun, not 

<lb/>&longs;uffering the lea&longs;t injury by the Suns production of a thou&longs;and 

<lb/>other effects at the &longs;ame time; it would be either envy or folly 

<lb/>to blame that grape, if it &longs;hould think or wi&longs;h that the Sun would 

<lb/>onely appropriate its rayes to its advantage. </s><s>I am confident that 

<lb/>nothing is omitted by the Divine Providence, of what concernes 

<lb/>the government of humane affairs; but that there may not be 

<lb/>other things in the Univer&longs;e, that depend upon the &longs;ame infinite 

<lb/>Wi&longs;dome, I cannot, of my &longs;elf, by what my rea&longs;on holds forth 

<lb/>to me, bring my &longs;elf to believe. </s><s>However, if it were not &longs;o, 

<lb/>yet &longs;hould I not forbear to believe the rea&longs;ons laid before me by 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/344.jpg" pagenum="334"/>&longs;ome more &longs;ublime intelligence. </s><s>In the mean time, if one 

<lb/>&longs;hould tell me, that an immen&longs;e &longs;pace interpo&longs;ed between the 

<lb/>Orbs of the Planets and the Starry Sphere, deprived of &longs;tars and 

<lb/>idle, would be vain and u&longs;ele&longs;&longs;e, as likewi&longs;e that &longs;o great an 

<lb/>immen&longs;ity for receipt of the fixed &longs;tars, as exceeds our utmo&longs;t 

<lb/>comprehen&longs;ion would be &longs;uperfluous, I would reply, that it is 

<lb/>ra&longs;hne&longs;&longs;e to go about to make our &longs;hallow rea&longs;on judg of the 

<lb/>Works of God, and to call vain and &longs;uperfluous, what&longs;oever 

<lb/>thing in the Univer&longs;e is not &longs;ub&longs;ervient to us.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg619"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>God &amp; Nature 

<lb/>do imploy them&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elves in caring 

<lb/>for men, as if they 

<lb/>minded nothing 

<lb/>el&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg620"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An example of 

<lb/>Gods care of man&shy;

<lb/>kind taken from 

<lb/>the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Say rather, and I believe you would &longs;ay better, that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg621"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>we know not what is &longs;ub&longs;ervient to us; and I hold it one of the 

<lb/>greate&longs;t vanities, yea follies, that can be in the World, to &longs;ay, 

<lb/>becau&longs;e I know not of what u&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> or <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> are to me, that 

<lb/>therefore the&longs;e Planets are &longs;uperfluous, yea more, that there are 

<lb/>no &longs;uch things <emph type="italics"/>in rerum natura<emph.end type="italics"/>; when as, oh fooli&longs;h man! I 

<lb/>know not &longs;o much as to what purpo&longs;e the arteries, the gri&longs;tles, 

<lb/>the &longs;pleen, the gall do &longs;erve; nay I &longs;hould not know that I have 

<lb/>a gall, &longs;pleen, or kidneys, if in many de&longs;ected Corps, they were 

<lb/>not &longs;hewn unto me; and then onely &longs;hall I be able to know what 

<lb/>the &longs;pleen worketh in me, when it comes to be taken from me. 

<lb/></s><s>To be able to know what this or that C&oelig;le&longs;tial body worketh in 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg622"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>me (&longs;eeing you will have it that all their influences direct them&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elves to us) it would be requi&longs;ite to remove that body for &longs;ome 

<lb/>time; and then what&longs;oever effect I &longs;hould find wanting in me, I 

<lb/>would &longs;ay that it depended on that &longs;tar. </s><s>Moreover, who will pre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ume to &longs;ay that the &longs;pace which they call too va&longs;t and u&longs;ele&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>between <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> and the fixed &longs;tars, is void of other mundane bo&shy;

<lb/>dies? </s><s>Mu&longs;t it be &longs;o, becau&longs;e we do not &longs;ee them? </s><s>Then the four 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg623"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Medicean Planets, and the companions of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> came fir&longs;t in&shy;

<lb/>to Heaven, when we began to &longs;ee them, and not before? </s><s>And 

<lb/>by this rule the innumerable other fixed &longs;tars had no exi&longs;tence 

<lb/>before that men did look on them? </s><s>and the cloudy con&longs;tellati&shy;

<lb/>ons called <emph type="italics"/>Nebulo&longs;&oelig;<emph.end type="italics"/> were at fir&longs;t only white flakes, but afterwards 

<lb/>with the Tele&longs;cope we made them to become con&longs;tellations of 

<lb/>many lucid and bright &longs;tars. </s><s>Oh pre&longs;umptious, rather oh ra&longs;h 

<lb/>ignorance of man!</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg621"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is great ra&longs;h&shy;

<lb/>ne&longs;&longs;e to cen&longs;ure 

<lb/>that to be &longs;uperflu&shy;

<lb/>ous in the Univer&longs;e, 

<lb/>which we do not 

<lb/>perceive to be made 

<lb/>for us.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg622"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>By depriving 

<lb/>Heaven of &longs;ome 

<lb/>&longs;tar, one might 

<lb/>come to know what 

<lb/>influence it hath 

<lb/>upon us.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg623"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Many things 

<lb/>may be in Heauen, 

<lb/>that are invi&longs;ible 

<lb/>to us<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. It's to no purpo&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> to &longs;ally out any more into 

<lb/>the&longs;e unprofitable exaggerations: Let us pur&longs;ue our intended 

<lb/>de&longs;igne of examining the validity of the rea&longs;ons alledged on ei&shy;

<lb/>ther &longs;ide, without determining any thing, remitting the judg&shy;

<lb/>ment thereof when we have done, to &longs;uch as are more knowing. 

<lb/></s><s>Returning therefore to our natural and humane di&longs;qui&longs;itions, I 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg624"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;ay, that great, little, immen&longs;e, &longs;mall, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> are not ab&longs;olute, 

<lb/>but relative terms, &longs;o that the &longs;elf &longs;ame thing compared with 

<lb/>divers others, may one while be called immen&longs;e, and another 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/345.jpg" pagenum="335"/>while imperceptible, not to &longs;ay &longs;mall. </s><s>This being &longs;o, I demand 

<lb/>in relation to what the Starry Sphere of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> may be cal&shy;

<lb/>led over va&longs;t. </s><s>In my judgment it cannot be compared, or &longs;aid 

<lb/>to be &longs;uch, unle&longs;&longs;e it be in relation to &longs;ome other thing of the 

<lb/>&longs;ame kind; now let us take the very lea&longs;t of the &longs;ame kind, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg625"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>which &longs;hall be the Lunar Orb; and if the Starry Orb may be &longs;o 

<lb/>cen&longs;ured to be too big in re&longs;pect to that of the Moon, every o&shy;

<lb/>ther magnitude that with like or greater proportion exceedeth 

<lb/>another of the &longs;ame kind, ought to be adjudged too va&longs;t, and 

<lb/>for the &longs;ame rea&longs;on to be denied that they are to be found in the 

<lb/>World; and thus an Elephant, and a Whale, &longs;hall without more 

<lb/>ado be condemned for <emph type="italics"/>Chym&aelig;ra's,<emph.end type="italics"/> and Poetical fictions, be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e that the one as being too va&longs;t in relation to an Ant, which 

<lb/>is a Terre&longs;trial animal, and the other in re&longs;pect to the ^{*}Gudgeon, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg626"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>which is a Fi&longs;h, and are certainly &longs;een to be <emph type="italics"/>in rerum natura,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>would be too immea&longs;urable; for without all di&longs;pute, the Ele&shy;

<lb/>phant and Whale exceed the Ant and Gudgeon in a much great&shy;

<lb/>er proportion than the Starry Sphere doth that of the Moon, 

<lb/>although we &longs;hould fancy the &longs;aid Sphere to be as big as the <emph type="italics"/>Co&shy;

<lb/>pernican<emph.end type="italics"/> Sy&longs;teme maketh it. </s><s>Moreover, how hugely big is the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg627"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Sphere of <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"/> or that of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"/> defigned for a receptacle 

<lb/>but for one &longs;ingle &longs;tar; and that very &longs;mall in compari&longs;on of one 

<lb/>of the fixed? </s><s>Certainly if we &longs;hould a&longs;&longs;ign to every one of the 

<lb/>fixed &longs;tars for its receptacle &longs;o great a part of the Worlds &longs;pace, 

<lb/>it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary to make the Orb wherein &longs;uch innumerable 

<lb/>multitudes of them re&longs;ide, very many thou&longs;ands of times big&shy;

<lb/>ger than that which &longs;erveth the purpo&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"/> Be&longs;ides, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg628"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>do not you call a fixed &longs;tar very &longs;mall, I mean even one of the 

<lb/>mo&longs;t apparent, and not one of tho&longs;e which &longs;hun our &longs;ight; and 

<lb/>do we not call them &longs;o in re&longs;pect of the va&longs;t &longs;pace circumfu&longs;ed? 

<lb/></s><s>Now if the whole Starry Sphere were one entire lucid body; who 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg629"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>is there, that doth not know that in an infinite &longs;pace there might be 

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;igned a di&longs;tance &longs;o great, as that the &longs;aid lucid Sphere might 

<lb/>from thence &longs;hew as little, yea le&longs;&longs;e than a fixed &longs;tar, now ap&shy;

<lb/>peareth beheld from the Earth? </s><s>From thence therefore we 

<lb/>&longs;hould <emph type="italics"/>then<emph.end type="italics"/> judg that &longs;elf &longs;ame thing to be little, which <emph type="italics"/>now<emph.end type="italics"/> from 

<lb/>hence we e&longs;teem to be immea&longs;urably great.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg624"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Great, &longs;mall, 

<lb/>immen&longs;e,<emph.end type="italics"/> &amp;c. <emph type="italics"/>are 

<lb/>relative terms.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg625"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Vanity of tho&longs;e 

<lb/>mens di&longs;cour &longs;ewho 

<lb/>judg the &longs;tarry 

<lb/>&longs;phere too va&longs;t in 

<lb/>the<emph.end type="italics"/> Copernican 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Hypothe&longs;is.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg626"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>Spilloncola,<emph.end type="italics"/> which 

<lb/>is here put for the 

<lb/>lea&longs;t of Fi&longs;hes.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg627"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;pace a&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;igned to a fixed 

<lb/>&longs;tar, is much ie&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>than that of a Pla&shy;

<lb/>net.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg628"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A &longs;tar is cal&shy;

<lb/>led in re&longs;pect of the 

<lb/>&longs;pace that environs 

<lb/>it.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg629"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The whole &longs;tar&shy;

<lb/>ry &longs;phere beheld 

<lb/>from a great di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance might ap&shy;

<lb/>pear as &longs;mall as 

<lb/>one &longs;ingle &longs;tar.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Great in my judgment, is the folly of tho&longs;e who 

<lb/>would have had God to have made the World more proportinal 

<lb/>to the narrow capacities of their rea&longs;on, than to his immen&longs;e, 

<lb/>rather infinite power.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>All this that you &longs;ay is very true; but that upon 

<lb/>which the adver&longs;ary makes a &longs;cruple, is, to grant that a fixed 

<lb/>&longs;tar &longs;hould be not onely equal to, but &longs;o much bigger than the 

<lb/>Sun; when as they both are particular bodies &longs;ituate within the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/346.jpg" pagenum="336"/>Starry Orb: &ldquo;And indeed in my opinion this Authour very 

<lb/>pertinently que&longs;tioneth and asketh: To what end, and 

<lb/>for who&longs;e &longs;ake are &longs;uch huge machines made? </s><s>Were they 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg630"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>produced for the Earth, for an incon&longs;iderable point? </s><s>And 

<lb/>why &longs;o remote? </s><s>To the end they might &longs;eem &longs;o very &longs;mall, 

<lb/>and might have no influence at all upon the Earth? </s><s>To 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg631"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>what purpo&longs;e is &longs;uch a needle&longs;&longs;e mon&longs;trous ^{*} immen&longs;ity be&shy;

<lb/>tween them and <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s><s>All tho&longs;e a&longs;&longs;ertions fall to the 

<lb/>ground that are not upheld by probable rea&longs;ons.&rdquo;</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg630"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In&longs;tances of the 

<lb/>Authour of the 

<lb/>Conclu&longs;ions by way 

<lb/>of interrogation.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg631"></margin.target>Or Gulph.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I conceive by the que&longs;tions which this per&longs;on asketh, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg632"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that one may collect, that in ca&longs;e the Heavens, the Stars, and 

<lb/>the quantity of their di&longs;tances and magnitudes which he hath 

<lb/>hitherto held, be let alone, (although he never certainly fancied 

<lb/>to him&longs;elf any conceivable magnitude thereof) he perfectly di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cerns and comprehends the benefits that flow from thence to the 

<lb/>Earth, which is no longer an incon&longs;iderable thing; nor are they 

<lb/>any longer &longs;o remote as to appear &longs;o very &longs;mall, but big enough to 

<lb/>be able to operate on the Earth; and that the di&longs;tance between 

<lb/>them and <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> is very well proportioned, and that he, for all 

<lb/>the&longs;e things, hath very probable rea&longs;ons; of which I would glad&shy;

<lb/>ly have heard &longs;ome one: but being that in the&longs;e few words he 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg633"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>confounds and contradicts him&longs;elf, it maketh me think that he 

<lb/>is very poor and ill furni&longs;hed with tho&longs;e probable rea&longs;ons, and 

<lb/>that tho&longs;e which he calls rea&longs;ons, are rather fallacies, or dreams 

<lb/>of an over-weening fancy. </s><s>For I ask of him, whether the&longs;e Ce&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg634"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>le&longs;tial bodies truly operate on the Earth, and whether for the 

<lb/>working of tho&longs;e effects they were produced of &longs;uch and &longs;uch 

<lb/>magnitudes, and di&longs;po&longs;ed at &longs;uch and &longs;uch di&longs;tances, or el&longs;e 

<lb/>whether they have nothing at all to do with Terrene mattets. </s><s>If 

<lb/>they have nothing to do with the Earth; it is a great folly for us 

<lb/>that are Earth-born, to offer to make our &longs;elves arbitrators of 

<lb/>their magnitudes, and regulators of their local di&longs;po&longs;itions, &longs;ee&shy;

<lb/>ing that we are altogether ignorant of their whole bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e and 

<lb/>concerns; but if he &longs;hall &longs;ay that they do operate, and that they 

<lb/>are directed to this end, he doth affirm the &longs;ame thing which a 

<lb/>little before he denied, and prai&longs;eth that which even now he 

<lb/>condemned, in that he &longs;aid, that the Cele&longs;tial bodies &longs;ituate &longs;o 

<lb/>far remote as that they appear very &longs;mall, cannot have any in&shy;

<lb/>fluence at all upon the Earth. </s><s>But, good Sir, in the Starry Sphere 

<lb/>pre-e&longs;tabli&longs;hed at its pre&longs;ent di&longs;tance, and which you did ac&shy;

<lb/>knowledg to be in your judgment, well proportioned to have an 

<lb/>influence upon the&longs;e Terrene bodies, many &longs;tars appear very 

<lb/>&longs;mall, and an hundred times as many more are wholly invi&longs;ible 

<lb/>unto us (which is an appearing yet le&longs;&longs;e than very &longs;mall) 

<lb/>therefore it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that (contradicting your &longs;elf) you do 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/347.jpg" pagenum="337"/>now deny their operation upon the the Earth; or el&longs;e that (&longs;till 

<lb/>contradicting your &longs;elf) you grant that their appearing very &longs;mall 

<lb/>doth not in the lea&longs;t le&longs;&longs;en their influence; or el&longs;e that (and this 

<lb/>&longs;hall be a more &longs;incere and mode&longs;t conce&longs;&longs;ion) you acknowledg 

<lb/>and freely confe&longs;&longs;e, that our pa&longs;&longs;ing judgment upon their mag&shy;

<lb/>nitudes and di&longs;tances is a vanity, not to &longs;ay pre&longs;umption or 

<lb/>ra&longs;hne&longs;&longs;e.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg632"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An&longs;wers to the 

<lb/>interrogatories of 

<lb/>the &longs;aid Authour.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg633"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Auihour 

<lb/>of the Conclu&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>ons confound and 

<lb/>contradicts him&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elfin his interro&shy;

<lb/>gations.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg634"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Inter ogatories 

<lb/>put to the Au&shy;

<lb/>thour of the Con&shy;

<lb/>clu&longs;ions, by which 

<lb/>the weakne&longs;&longs;e of 

<lb/>his is made appear.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Truth is, I my &longs;elf did al&longs;o, in reading this pa&longs;&longs;age 

<lb/>perceive the manife&longs;t contradiction, in &longs;aying, that the Stars. (if 

<lb/>one may &longs;o &longs;peak) of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> appearing &longs;o very &longs;mall, could 

<lb/>not operate on the Earth, and not perceiving that he had granted 

<lb/>an influence upon the Earth to tho&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"/> and his &longs;ecta&shy;

<lb/>tors, which appear not only very &longs;mall, but are, for the mo&longs;t 

<lb/>part, very invi&longs;ible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But I proceed to another con&longs;ideration: What is the 

<lb/>rea&longs;on, doth he &longs;ay, why the &longs;tars appear &longs;o little? </s><s>Is it haply, 

<lb/>becau&longs;e they &longs;eem &longs;o to us? </s><s>Doth not he know, that this com&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg635"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>meth from the In&longs;trument that we imploy in beholding them, to 

<lb/>wit, from our eye? </s><s>And that this is true, by changing In&longs;tru&shy;

<lb/>ment, we &longs;hall &longs;ee them bigger and bigger, as much as we will. 

<lb/></s><s>And who knows but that to the Earth, which beholdeth them 

<lb/>without eyes, they may not &longs;hew very great, and &longs;uch as in reali&shy;

<lb/>ty they are? </s><s>But it's time that, omitting the&longs;e trifles, we come 

<lb/>to things of more moment; and therefore I having already de&shy;

<lb/>mon&longs;trated the&longs;e two things: Fir&longs;t, how far off the Firmament 

<lb/>ought to be placed to make, that the grand Orb cau&longs;eth no grea&shy;

<lb/>ter difference than that which the Terre&longs;trial Orb occa&longs;ioneth in 

<lb/>the remotene&longs;&longs;e of the Sun; And next, how likewi&longs;e to make 

<lb/>that a &longs;tar of the Firmament appear to us of the &longs;ame bigne&longs;&longs;e, 

<lb/>as now we &longs;ee it, it is not nece&longs;&longs;ary to &longs;uppo&longs;e it bigger than the 

<lb/>Sun; I would know whether <emph type="italics"/>Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> or any of his adherents hath 

<lb/>ever attempted to find out, by any means, whether any appea&shy;

<lb/>rance be to be di&longs;covered in the &longs;tarry Sphere, upon which one 

<lb/>may the more re&longs;olutely deny or admit the annual motion of 

<lb/>the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg635"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>That remote ol&shy;

<lb/>jects appeare &longs;o 

<lb/>&longs;mall, is the defect 

<lb/>of the eye, as is

<lb/>demon&longs;trated.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I would an&longs;wer for them, that there is not, no nor is 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg636"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>there any need there &longs;hould; &longs;eeing that it is <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf 

<lb/>that &longs;aith, that no &longs;uch diver&longs;ity is there: and they, arguing <emph type="italics"/>ad 

<lb/>hominem,<emph.end type="italics"/> admit him the &longs;ame; and upon this a&longs;&longs;umption they 

<lb/>demon&longs;trate the improbability that followeth thereupon, name&shy;

<lb/>ly, that it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary to make the Sphere &longs;o immen&longs;e, 

<lb/>that a fixed &longs;tar, to appear unto us as great as it now &longs;eems, ought 

<lb/>of nece&longs;&longs;ity to be of &longs;o immen&longs;e a magnitude, as that it would 

<lb/>exceed the bigne&longs;&longs;e of the whole grand Orb, a thing, which not&shy;

<lb/>with&longs;tanding, as they &longs;ay, is altogether incredible.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/348.jpg" pagenum="338"/><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg636"></margin.target>Tycho <emph type="italics"/>nor his 

<lb/>followers ever at&shy;

<lb/>tempted to &longs;ee whe&shy;

<lb/>ther there are any 

<lb/>appearances in the 

<lb/>Firmament for or 

<lb/>against the annual 

<lb/>motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am of the &longs;ame judgment, and verily believe that 

<lb/>they argue <emph type="italics"/>contra hominem,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;tudying more to defend another 

<lb/>man, than de&longs;iring to come to the knowledge of the truth. </s><s>And 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg637"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>I do not only believe, that none of them ever applied them&longs;elves 

<lb/>to make any &longs;uch ob&longs;ervation, but I am al&longs;o uncertain, whether 

<lb/>any of them do know what alteration the Earths annual motion 

<lb/>ought to produce in the fixed &longs;tars, in ca&longs;e the &longs;tarry Sphere were 

<lb/>not &longs;o far di&longs;tant, as that in them the &longs;aid diver&longs;ity, by rea&longs;on of 

<lb/>its minuity di&longs;-appeareth; for their &longs;urcea&longs;ing that inqui&longs;ition, 

<lb/>and referring them&longs;elves to the meer a&longs;&longs;ertion of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>may very well &longs;erve to convict a man, but not to acquit him of 

<lb/>the fact: For its po&longs;&longs;ible that &longs;uch a diver&longs;ity may be, and yet 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg638"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>not have been &longs;ought for; or that either by rea&longs;on of its minui&shy;

<lb/>ty, or for want of exact In&longs;truments it was not di&longs;covered by <emph type="italics"/>Co&shy;

<lb/>pernicus<emph.end type="italics"/>; for though it were &longs;o, this would not be the fir&longs;t thing, 

<lb/>that he either for want of In&longs;truments, or for &longs;ome other defect 

<lb/>hath not known; and yet he proceeding upon other &longs;olid and 

<lb/>rational conjectures, affirmeth that, which the things by him not 

<lb/>di&longs;covered do &longs;eem to contradict: for, as hath been &longs;aid already, 

<lb/>without the Tele&longs;cope, neither could <emph type="italics"/>Mars<emph.end type="italics"/> be di&longs;cerned to in&shy;

<lb/>crea&longs;e 60. times; nor <emph type="italics"/>Venus<emph.end type="italics"/> 40. more in that than in this po&longs;iti&shy;

<lb/>on; yea, their differences appear much le&longs;&longs;e than really they are: 

<lb/>and yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e it is certainly di&longs;covered at length, that 

<lb/>tho&longs;e mutations are the &longs;ame, to an hair that the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> Sy&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg639"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;teme required. </s><s>Now it would be very well, if with the greate&longs;t 

<lb/>accuratene&longs;&longs;e po&longs;&longs;ible one &longs;hould enquire whether &longs;uch a muta&shy;

<lb/>tion as ought to be di&longs;coverable in the fixed &longs;tars, &longs;uppo&longs;ing the 

<lb/>annual motion of the Earth, would be ob&longs;erved really and in 

<lb/>effect, a thing which I verily believe hath never as yet been done 

<lb/>by any; done, &longs;aid I? no, nor haply (as I &longs;aid before) by many 

<lb/>well under&longs;tood how it ought to be done. </s><s>Nor &longs;peak I this at 

<lb/>randome, for I have heretofore &longs;een a certain Manu&longs;cript of 

<lb/>one of the&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Anti-Copernicans,<emph.end type="italics"/> which &longs;aid, that there would ne&shy;

<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;arily follow, in ca&longs;e that opinion were true, a continual ri&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ing and falling of the Pole from &longs;ix moneths to &longs;ix moneths, ac&shy;

<lb/>cording as the Earth in &longs;uch a time, by &longs;uch a &longs;pace as is the dia&shy;

<lb/>meter of the grand Orb, retireth one while towards the North, and 

<lb/>another while towards the South; and yet it &longs;eemed to him rea&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>nable, yea nece&longs;&longs;ary, that we, following the Earth, when we were 

<lb/>towards the North &longs;hould have the Pole more elevated than when 

<lb/>we are towards the South. </s><s>In this very error did one fall that was 

<lb/>otherwi&longs;e a very skilful Mathematician, &amp; a follower of <emph type="italics"/>Copernic.<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg640"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>as <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> relateth in his ^{*}<emph type="italics"/>Progymna&longs;ma. </s><s>pag<emph.end type="italics"/> 684. which &longs;aid, that he 

<lb/>had ob&longs;erved the Polar altitude to vary, and to differ in Summer 

<lb/>from what it is in Winter: and becau&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> denieth the merit 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/349.jpg" pagenum="339"/>of the cau&longs;e, but findeth no fault with the method of it; that 

<lb/>is, denieth that there is any mutation to be &longs;een in the altitude of 

<lb/>the Pole, but doth not blame the inqui&longs;ition, for not being adap&shy;

<lb/>ted to the finding of what is &longs;ought, he thereby &longs;heweth, that he 

<lb/>al&longs;o e&longs;tecemed the Polar altitude varied, or not varied every &longs;ix 

<lb/>moneths, to be a good te&longs;timony to di&longs;prove or inferre the annual 

<lb/>motion of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg637"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A &longs;tronomeys, 

<lb/>perhaps, have not 

<lb/>known what ap&shy;

<lb/>pearances ought to 

<lb/>follow upon the an&shy;

<lb/>nual motion of the 

<lb/>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg638"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"/>un&shy;

<lb/>der&longs;tood not &longs;ome 

<lb/>things for want of 

<lb/>In&longs;truments.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg639"></margin.target>Tycho <emph type="italics"/>and o&shy;

<lb/>thers argue a&shy;

<lb/>gain&longs;t the annual 

<lb/>motion, from the 

<lb/>invariable eleva&shy;

<lb/>tion of the Pole.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg640"></margin.target>* Chri&longs;iophoius 

<lb/>Rothmannus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>In truth, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> my opinion al&longs;o tells me, that the 

<lb/>&longs;ame mu&longs;t nece&longs;&longs;arily en&longs;ue: for I do not think that you will de&shy;

<lb/>ny me, but that if we walk only 60. miles towards the North, 

<lb/>the Pole will ri&longs;e unto us a degree higher, and that if we move 

<lb/>60. miles farther Northwards, the Pole will be elevated to us a 

<lb/>degree more, &amp;c. </s><s>Now if the approaching or receding 60. miles 

<lb/>onely, make &longs;o notable a change in the Polar altitudes, what 

<lb/>alteration would follow, if the Earth and we with it, &longs;hould 

<lb/>be tran&longs;ported, I will not &longs;ay 60. miles, but 60. thou&longs;and miles 

<lb/>that way.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It would follow (if it &longs;hould proceed in the &longs;ame 

<lb/>proportion) that the Pole &longs;hall be elevated a thou&longs;and degrees. 

<lb/></s><s>See, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> what a long rooted opinion can do. </s><s>Yea, by 

<lb/>rea&longs;on you have fixed it in your mind for &longs;o many years, that it 

<lb/>is Heaven, that revolveth in twenty four hours, and not the 

<lb/>Earth, and that con&longs;equently the Poles of that Revolution are in 

<lb/>Heaven, and not in the Terre&longs;trial Globe, cannot now, in an 

<lb/>hours time &longs;hake off this habituated conceipt, and take up the 

<lb/>contrary, fancying to your &longs;elf, that the Earth is that which mo&shy;

<lb/>veth, only for &longs;o long time as may &longs;uffice to conceive of what 

<lb/>would follow, thereupon &longs;hould that lye be a truth. </s><s>If the Earth 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> be that which moveth in its &longs;elf in twenty four hours, 

<lb/>in it are the Poles, in it is the Axis, in it is the Equinoctial, that 

<lb/>is, the grand Circle, de&longs;cribed by the point, equidi&longs;tant from the 

<lb/>Poles, in it are the in&longs;inite Parallels bigger and le&longs;&longs;er de&longs;cribed by 

<lb/>the points of the &longs;uperficies more and le&longs;&longs;e di&longs;tant from the Poles, 

<lb/>in it are all the&longs;e things, and not in the &longs;tarry Sphere, which, as 

<lb/>being immoveable, wants them all, and can only by the imagina&shy;

<lb/>tion be conceived to be therein, prolonging the Axis of the Earth 

<lb/>&longs;o far, till that determining, it &longs;hall mark out two points placed 

<lb/>right over our Poles, and the plane of the Equinoctial being ex&shy;

<lb/>tended, it &longs;hall de&longs;cribe in Heaven a circle like it &longs;elf. </s><s>Now if the 

<lb/>true Axis, the true Poles, the true Equinoctial, do not change 

<lb/>in the Earth &longs;o long as you continue in the &longs;ame place of the 

<lb/>Earth, and though the Earth be tran&longs;ported, as you do plea&longs;e, 

<lb/>yet you &longs;hall not change your habitude either to the Poles, or to 

<lb/>the circles, or to any other Earthly thing; and this becau&longs;e, that 

<lb/>that tran&longs;po&longs;ition being common to you and to all Terre&longs;trial 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/350.jpg" pagenum="340"/>things; and that motion where it is common, is as if it never 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg641"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>were; and as you change not habitude to the Terre&longs;trial Poles 

<lb/>(habitude I &longs;ay, whether that they ri&longs;e, or de&longs;cend) &longs;o neither 

<lb/>&longs;hall you change po&longs;ition to the Poles imagined in Heaven; al&shy;

<lb/>wayes provided that by Cele&longs;tial Poles we under&longs;tand (as hath 

<lb/>been already defined) tho&longs;e two points that come to be marked 

<lb/>out by the prolongation of the Terre&longs;trial Axis unto that length. 

<lb/></s><s>Tis true tho&longs;e points in Heaven do change, when the Earths tran&shy;

<lb/>&longs;portment is made after &longs;uch a manner, that its Axis cometh to 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;e by other and other points of the immoveable Cele&longs;tial 

<lb/>Sphere, but our habitude thereunto changeth not, &longs;o as that the 

<lb/>&longs;econd &longs;hould be more elevated to us than the fir&longs;t. </s><s>If any one 

<lb/>will have one of the points of the Firmament, which do an&longs;wer 

<lb/>to the Poles of the Earth to a&longs;cend, and the other to de&longs;cend, 

<lb/>he mu&longs;t walk along the Earth towards the one, receding from the 

<lb/>other, for the tran&longs;portment of the Earth, and with it us our 

<lb/>&longs;elves, (as I told you before) operates nothing at all.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg641"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Motion where 

<lb/>it is common, is as 

<lb/>if it never were.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Permit me, I be&longs;eech you <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> to make this a 

<lb/>little more clear by an example, which although gro&longs;&longs;e, is a&shy;

<lb/>commodated to this purpo&longs;e. </s><s>Suppo&longs;e your &longs;elf, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> to 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg642"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>be aboard a Ship, and that &longs;tanding in the Poope, or Hin-deck; 

<lb/>you have directed a Quadrant, or &longs;ome other A&longs;tronomical In&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trument, towards the top of the Top-gallant-Ma&longs;t, as if you 

<lb/>would take its height, which &longs;uppo&longs;e it were <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> 40. degrees, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg643"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>there is no doubt, but that if you walk along the ^{*} Hatches to&shy;

<lb/>wards the Ma&longs;t 25. or 30. paces; and then again direct the &longs;aid 

<lb/>In&longs;trument to the &longs;ame Top-Gallant-Top. </s><s>You &longs;hall find its ele&shy;

<lb/>vation to be greater, and to be encrea&longs;ed <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> 10. degrees; but 

<lb/>if in&longs;tead of walking tho&longs;e 25. or 30. paces towards the Ma&longs;t, 

<lb/>you &longs;tand &longs;till at the Sterne, and make the whole Ship to move 

<lb/>thitherwards, do you believe that by rea&longs;on of the 25. or 30. 

<lb/>paces that it had pa&longs;t, the elevation of the Top-Gallant-Top 

<lb/>would &longs;hew 10. degrees encrea&longs;ed?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg642"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An example fit&shy;

<lb/>ted to prove that 

<lb/>the altitude of the 

<lb/>Pole ought not to 

<lb/>vary by means of 

<lb/>the Earths annual 

<lb/>motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg643"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>Cor&longs;ia,<emph.end type="italics"/> the bank 

<lb/>or bench on which 

<lb/>&longs;laves &longs;it in a Gal&shy;

<lb/>ly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe and know that it would not gain an hairs 

<lb/>breadth in the pa&longs;&longs;ing of 30. paces, nor of a thou&longs;and, no nor of 

<lb/>an hundred thou&longs;and miles; but yet I believe withal that look&shy;

<lb/>ing through the &longs;ights at the Top and Top-Gallant, if I &longs;hould 

<lb/>find a fixed Star that was in the &longs;ame elevation, I believe I &longs;ay, 

<lb/>that, holding &longs;till the Quadrant, after I had &longs;ailed towards the 

<lb/>&longs;tar 60. miles, the eye would meet with the top of the &longs;aid 

<lb/>Ma&longs;t, as before, but not with the &longs;tar, which would be eleva&shy;

<lb/>ted to me one degree.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Then you do not think that the &longs;ight would fall upon 

<lb/>that point of the Starry Sphere, that an&longs;wereth to the direction 

<lb/>of the Top-Gallant Top?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/351.jpg" pagenum="341"/><p type="main"><s>SIMP. No: For the point would be changed, and would be 

<lb/>beneath the &longs;tar fir&longs;t ob&longs;erved.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You are in the right. </s><s>Now like as that which in this 

<lb/>example an&longs;wereth to the elevation of the Top-Gallant-Top, is 

<lb/>not the &longs;tar, but the point of the Firmament that lyeth in a right 

<lb/>line with the eye, and the &longs;aid top of the Ma&longs;t, &longs;o in the ca&longs;e 

<lb/>exemplified, that which in the Firmament an&longs;wers to the Pole 

<lb/>of the Earth, is not a &longs;tar, or other fixed thing in the Firma&shy;

<lb/>ment; but is that point in which the Axis of the Earth continu&shy;

<lb/>ed &longs;treight out, till it cometh thither doth determine, which point 

<lb/>is not fixed, but obeyeth the mutations that the Pole of the 

<lb/>Earth doth make. </s><s>And therefore <emph type="italics"/>Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> or who ever el&longs;e that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg644"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>did alledg this objection, ought to have &longs;aid that upon that 

<lb/>&longs;ame motion of the Earth, were it true, one might ob&longs;erve &longs;ome 

<lb/>difference in the elevation and depre&longs;&longs;ion (not of the Pole, but) 

<lb/>of &longs;ome fixed &longs;tar toward that part which an&longs;wereth to our Pole.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg644"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Upon the annu&shy;

<lb/>al motion of the 

<lb/>Earth, alteration 

<lb/>may en&longs;ue in 

<lb/>&longs;ome fixed &longs;tar, 

<lb/>not in the Pole.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I already very well under&longs;tand the mi&longs;take by them 

<lb/>committed; but yet therefore (which to me &longs;eems very great) of 

<lb/>the argument brought on the contrary is not le&longs;&longs;ened, &longs;uppo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ing relation to be had to the variation of the &longs;tars, and not of 

<lb/>the Pole; for if the moving of the Ship but 60. miles, make a 

<lb/>fixed &longs;tar ri&longs;e to me one degree, &longs;hall I not find alike, yea and 

<lb/>very much greater mutation, if the Ship &longs;hould &longs;ail towards the 

<lb/>&longs;aid &longs;tar for &longs;o much &longs;pace as is the Diameter of the Grand 

<lb/>Orb, which you affirm to be double the di&longs;tance that is between 

<lb/>the Earth and Sun?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Herein <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> there is another fallacy, which, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg645"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>truth is, you under&longs;tand, but do not upon the &longs;udden think of 

<lb/>the &longs;ame, but I will try to bring it to your remembrance: Tell 

<lb/>me therefore; if when after you have directed the Quadrant to 

<lb/>a fixed &longs;tar, and found <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> its elevation to be 40. degrees, 

<lb/>you &longs;hould without &longs;tirring from the place, incline the &longs;ide of 

<lb/>the Ouadrant, &longs;o as that the &longs;tar might remain elevated above 

<lb/>that direction, would you thereupon &longs;ay that the &longs;tar had acqui&shy;

<lb/>red greater elevation?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg645"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The equivoke of 

<lb/>tho&longs;e who believe 

<lb/>that in the annual 

<lb/>motion great mu&shy;

<lb/>tations are to be 

<lb/>made about the 

<lb/>elevation of a fix&shy;

<lb/>ed &longs;tar, is confu&shy;

<lb/>ted.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Certainly no: For the mutation was made in the In&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trument and not in the Ob&longs;erver, that did change place, mo&shy;

<lb/>ving towards the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But if you &longs;ail or walk along the &longs;urface of the Terre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trial Globe, will you &longs;ay that there is no alteration made in the 

<lb/>&longs;aid Quadrant, but that the &longs;ame elevarion is &longs;till retained in re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;pect of the Heavens, &longs;o long as you your &longs;elf do not incline it, 

<lb/>but let it &longs;tand at its fir&longs;t con&longs;titution?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Give me leave to think of it. </s><s>I would &longs;ay without 

<lb/>more ado, that it would not retain the &longs;ame, in regard the pro&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/352.jpg" pagenum="342"/>gre&longs;&longs;e I make is not <emph type="italics"/>in plano,<emph.end type="italics"/> but about the circumference of the 

<lb/>Terre&longs;trial Globe, which at every &longs;tep changeth inclination in 

<lb/>re&longs;pect to Heaven, and con&longs;equently maketh the &longs;ame change 

<lb/>in the In&longs;trument which is erected upon the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You &longs;ay very well: And you know withal, that by 

<lb/>how much the bigger that circle &longs;hall be upon which you move, 

<lb/>&longs;o many more miles you are to walk, to make the &longs;aid &longs;tar to 

<lb/>ri&longs;e that &longs;ame degree higher; and that &longs;inally if the motion to&shy;

<lb/>wards the &longs;tar &longs;hould be in a right line, you ought to move yet 

<lb/>farther, than if it were about the circumference of never &longs;o 

<lb/>great a circle?

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg646"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg646"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The right line, 

<lb/>and circumference 

<lb/>of an infinite cir&shy;

<lb/>cle, are the &longs;ame 

<lb/>thing.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. True: For in &longs;hort the circumference of an infinite 

<lb/>circle, and a right line are the &longs;ame thing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But this I do not under&longs;tand, nor as I believe, doth 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> apprehend the &longs;ame; and it mu&longs;t needs be concealed 

<lb/>from us under &longs;ome mi&longs;tery, for we know that <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> never 

<lb/>&longs;peaks at random, nor propo&longs;eth any Paradox, which doth not 

<lb/>break forth into &longs;ome conceit, not trivial in the lea&longs;t. </s><s>Therefore 

<lb/>in due time and place I will put you in mind to demon&longs;trate this, 

<lb/>that the right line is the &longs;ame with the circumference of an infi&shy;

<lb/>nite circle, but at pre&longs;ent I am unwilling that we &longs;hould inter&shy;

<lb/>rupt the di&longs;cour&longs;e in hand. </s><s>Returning then to the ca&longs;e, I pro&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;e to the con&longs;ideration of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> how the acce&longs;&longs;ion and 

<lb/>rece&longs;&longs;ion that the Earth makes from the &longs;aid fixed &longs;tar which is 

<lb/>neer the Pole can be made as it were by a right line, for &longs;uch is 

<lb/>the Diameter of the Grand Orb, &longs;o that the attempting to re&shy;

<lb/>gulate the elevation and depre&longs;&longs;ion of the Polar &longs;tar by the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion along the &longs;aid Diameter, as if it were by the motion about 

<lb/>the little circle of the Earth, is a great argument of but little 

<lb/>judgment.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But we continue &longs;till un&longs;atisfied, in regard that the 

<lb/>&longs;aid &longs;mall mutation that &longs;hould be therein, would not be di&longs;cer&shy;

<lb/>ned; and if this be <emph type="italics"/>null,<emph.end type="italics"/> then mu&longs;t the annual motion about 

<lb/>the Grand Orb a&longs;cribed to the Earth, be <emph type="italics"/>null<emph.end type="italics"/> al&longs;o.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Here now I give <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> leave to go on, who as I 

<lb/>believe will not overpa&longs;&longs;e the elevation and depre&longs;&longs;ion of the 

<lb/>Polar &longs;tar or any other of tho&longs;e that are fixed as <emph type="italics"/>null,<emph.end type="italics"/> although 

<lb/>not di&longs;covered by any one, and affirmed by <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf 

<lb/>to be, I will not &longs;ay <emph type="italics"/>null,<emph.end type="italics"/> but unob&longs;ervable by rea&longs;on of its 

<lb/>minuity.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have already &longs;aid above, that I do not think that </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg647"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>any one did ever &longs;et him&longs;elf to ob&longs;erve, whether in different times 

<lb/>of the year there is any mutation to be &longs;een in the fixed &longs;tars, that 

<lb/>may have a dependance on the annual motion of the Earth, and 

<lb/>added withal, that I doubted lea&longs;t haply &longs;ome might never have 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/353.jpg" pagenum="343"/>under&longs;tood what tho&longs;e mutations are, and among&longs;t what &longs;tars 

<lb/>they &longs;hould be di&longs;cerned; therefore it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary that 

<lb/>we in the next place narrowly examine this particular. </s><s>My ha&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg648"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ving onely found written in general terms that the annual moti&shy;

<lb/>on of the Earth about the Grand Orb, ought not to be admit&shy;

<lb/>ted, becau&longs;e it is not probable but that by means of the &longs;ame 

<lb/>there would be di&longs;coverd &longs;ome apparent mutation in the fixed 

<lb/>&longs;tars, and not hearing &longs;ay what tho&longs;e apparent mutations ought to 

<lb/>be in particular, and in what &longs;tars, maketh me very rea&longs;onably 

<lb/>to infer that they who rely upon that general po&longs;ition, have not 

<lb/>under&longs;tood, no nor po&longs;&longs;ibly endeavoured to under&longs;tand, how 

<lb/>the bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e of the&longs;e mutations goeth, nor what things tho&longs;e 

<lb/>are which they &longs;ay ought to be &longs;een. </s><s>And to this judgment I am 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg649"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the rather induced, knowing that the annual motion a&longs;cribed 

<lb/>by <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> to the Earth, if it &longs;hould appear &longs;en&longs;ible in the 

<lb/>Starry Sphere, is not to make apparent mutations equal in re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;pect to all the &longs;tars, but tho&longs;e appearances ought to be made 

<lb/>in &longs;ome greater, in others le&longs;&longs;er, and in others yet le&longs;&longs;er; and 

<lb/>la&longs;tly, in others ab&longs;olutely nothing at all, by rea&longs;on of the 

<lb/>va&longs;t magnitude that the circle of this annual motion is &longs;uppo&longs;ed 

<lb/>to be of. </s><s>As for the mutations that &longs;hould b &longs;een, they are of 

<lb/>two kinds, one is the &longs;aid &longs;tars changing apparent magnitude, 

<lb/>and the other their variation of altitudes in the Meridian. </s><s>Upon 

<lb/>which nece&longs;&longs;arily followeth the mutation of ri&longs;ings and &longs;ettings, 

<lb/>and of their di&longs;tances from the Zenith, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg647"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Enquiry is made 

<lb/>what mutations, &amp; 

<lb/>in what &longs;tars, are to 

<lb/>be di&longs;covered, by 

<lb/>means of the an&shy;

<lb/>nual motion of the 

<lb/>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg648"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomers ha&shy;

<lb/>ving omitted to in&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance what alte&shy;

<lb/>rations tho&longs;e are 

<lb/>that may be deri&shy;

<lb/>ved from the an&shy;

<lb/>nual motion of the 

<lb/>Earth, do thereby 

<lb/>te&longs;tifie that they 

<lb/>never rightly un&shy;

<lb/>der&longs;tood the &longs;ame.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg649"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The mutations 

<lb/>of the fixed &longs;tars 

<lb/>ought to be in &longs;ome 

<lb/>greater, in others 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;er, and in others 

<lb/>nothing at all.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Methinks I &longs;ee preparing for me &longs;uch a skean of the&longs;e 

<lb/>revolutions, that I wi&longs;h it may never be my task to di&longs;-intangle 

<lb/>them, for to confe&longs;&longs;e my infirmity to <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> I have &longs;ome&shy;

<lb/>times thought thereon, but could never find the ^{*} Lay-band of 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg650"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>it, and I &longs;peak not &longs;o much of this which pertains to the fixed 

<lb/>&longs;tars, as of another more terrible labour which you bring to my 

<lb/>remembrance by maintaining the&longs;e Meridian Altitudes, Ortive 

<lb/>Latitudes and di&longs;tances from the Vertex, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> And that which 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg651"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>puzzleth my brains, ari&longs;eth from what I am now about to tell 

<lb/>you. <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;uppo&longs;eth the Starry Sphere immoveable, and 

<lb/>the Sun in the centre thereof immoveable al&longs;o. </s><s>Therefore eve&shy;

<lb/>ry mutation which &longs;eemeth unto us to be made in the Sun or in 

<lb/>the fixed &longs;tars, mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity befall the Earth and be ous. 

<lb/></s><s>But the Sun ri&longs;eth and declineth in our Meridian by a very great 

<lb/>arch of almo&longs;t 47. degrees, and by arches yet greater and 

<lb/>greatet, varieth its Ortive and Occidual Latitudes in the oblique 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg652"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Horizons. </s><s>Now how can the Earth ever incline and elevate &longs;o 

<lb/>notably to the Sun, and nothing at all to the fixed &longs;tars, or &longs;o 

<lb/>little, that it is not to be perceived? </s><s>This is that knot which 

<lb/>could never get thorow my ^{*} Loom-Combe; and if you &longs;hall 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/354.jpg" pagenum="344"/>untie it, I &longs;hall hold you for more than an <emph type="italics"/>Alexander.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg650"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>Bandola<emph.end type="italics"/> that 

<lb/>end of a skeen 

<lb/>where with hou&longs;e&shy;

<lb/>wives fa&longs;ten their 

<lb/>hankes of yarn, 

<lb/>thread or &longs;ilk.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg651"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The grand dif&shy;

<lb/>ficulty in<emph.end type="italics"/> Coper&shy;

<lb/>nicus <emph type="italics"/>his Doctrine, 

<lb/>is that which con&shy;

<lb/>cerns the<emph.end type="italics"/> Ph&aelig;no&shy;

<lb/>mena <emph type="italics"/>of the Sun 

<lb/>and fixed &longs;tars.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg652"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>Pettine,<emph.end type="italics"/> it is 

<lb/>the &longs;tay in a Wea&shy;

<lb/>vets Loom, that 

<lb/>permitteth no knot 

<lb/>or &longs;narle to pa&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>it, called by them 

<lb/>the Combe of the 

<lb/>Loom.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The&longs;e are &longs;cruples worthy of the ingenuity of <emph type="italics"/>Sagre&shy;

<lb/>dus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and this doubt is &longs;o intricate, that even <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf 

<lb/>almo&longs;t de&longs;paired of being able to explain the &longs;ame, &longs;o as to 

<lb/>render it intelligible, which we &longs;ee as well by his own confe&longs;&longs;ion 

<lb/>of its ob&longs;curity, as al&longs;o by his, at two &longs;everal times, taking two 

<lb/>different wayes to make it out. </s><s>And, I ingenuou&longs;ly confe&longs;&longs;e that 

<lb/>I under&longs;tood not his explanation, till &longs;uch time as another me&shy;

<lb/>thod more plain and manife&longs;t, had rendred it intelligible; and 

<lb/>yet neither was that done without a long and laborious applica&shy;

<lb/>tion of my thoughts to the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;aw the &longs;ame &longs;cruple, and makes u&longs;e there&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg653"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of to oppo&longs;e certain of the Ancients, who held that the Earth 

<lb/>was a Planet; again&longs;t whom he argueth, that if it were &longs;o, it 

<lb/>would follow that it al&longs;o, as the re&longs;t of the Planets, &longs;hould have a 

<lb/>plurality of motions, from whence would follow the&longs;e variati&shy;

<lb/>ons in the ri&longs;ings and &longs;ettings of the fixed &longs;tars, and likewi&longs;e in 

<lb/>the Meridian Altitudes. </s><s>And in regard that he propoundeth the 

<lb/>difficulty, and doth not an&longs;wer it, it mu&longs;t needs be, if not im&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible, at lea&longs;t very difficult to be re&longs;olved.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg653"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totles <emph type="italics"/>argu&shy;

<lb/>ment again&longs;t the 

<lb/>Ancients, who held 

<lb/>that the Earth 

<lb/>was a Planet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The &longs;tre&longs;&longs;e and &longs;trength of the knot rendereth the 

<lb/>&longs;olution thereof more commendable and admirable; but I do 

<lb/>not promi&longs;e you the &longs;ame at this time, and pray you to di&longs;pen&longs;e 

<lb/>with me therein till too morrow, and for the pre&longs;ent we will go 

<lb/>con&longs;idering and explaining tho&longs;e mutations and differences that 

<lb/>by means of the annual motion ought to be di&longs;cerned in the fix&shy;

<lb/>ed &longs;tars, like as even now we &longs;aid, for the explication whereof 

<lb/>certain preparatory points offer them&longs;elves, which may facili&shy;

<lb/>tate the an&longs;wer to the grand objection. </s><s>Now rea&longs;&longs;uming the 

<lb/>two motions a&longs;cribed to the Earth (two I &longs;ay, for the third is 

<lb/>no motion, as in its place I will declare) that is the annual and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg654"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>diurnal, the fir&longs;t is to be under&longs;tood to be made by the centre of 

<lb/>the Earth in or about the circumference of the grand Orb, that 

<lb/>is of a very great circle de&longs;cribed in the plain of the fixed and 

<lb/>immutable Ecliptick; the other, namely the diurnal, is made 

<lb/>by the Globe of the Earth in it &longs;elf about its own centre, and 

<lb/>own Axis, not erect, but inclined to the Plane of the Ecliptick, 

<lb/>with the inclination of 23. degrees and an half, or thereabouts, 

<lb/>the which inclination is maintained all the year about, and that 

<lb/>which ought e&longs;pecially to be ob&longs;erved, is alwayes &longs;ituate to&shy;

<lb/>wards the &longs;ame point of Heaven: in &longs;o much that the Axis of the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg655"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>diurnal motion doth alwayes remain parallel to it &longs;elf; &longs;o that 

<lb/>if we imagine that &longs;ame Axis to be continued out until it reach 

<lb/>the fixed &longs;tars, whil&longs;t the centre of the Earth is encircling the 

<lb/>whole Ecliptick in a year, the &longs;aid Axis de&longs;cribeth the &longs;uper&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/355.jpg" pagenum="345"/>ficies of an oblique Cylinder, which hath for one of its ba&longs;es 

<lb/>the &longs;aid annual circle, and for the other a like circle imagina&shy;

<lb/>rily de&longs;cribed by its extremity, or, (if you will) Pole, among&longs;t 

<lb/>the fixed &longs;tars. </s><s>And this &longs;ame cylinder is oblique to the Plane of 

<lb/>the Ecliptick, according to the inclination of the Axis that de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cribeth it, which we have &longs;aid to be 23 degrees and an half, 

<lb/>the which continuing perpetually the &longs;ame (&longs;ave onely, that in 

<lb/>many thou&longs;ands of years it maketh &longs;ome very &longs;mall mutation, 

<lb/>which nothing importeth in our pre&longs;ent bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e) cau&longs;eth that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg656"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the Terre&longs;trial Globe doth never more incline or elevate, but 

<lb/>&longs;till con&longs;erveth the &longs;ame &longs;tate without mutation. </s><s>From whence 

<lb/>en&longs;ueth, that as to what pertaineth to the mutations to be ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erved in the fixed &longs;tars dependant on the &longs;ole annual motion, 

<lb/>the &longs;ame &longs;hall happen to any point what&longs;oever of the Earths 

<lb/>&longs;urface, as befalleth unto the centre of the Earth it &longs;elf; and 

<lb/>therefore in the pre&longs;ent explanations we will make u&longs;e of the 

<lb/>centre, as if it were any what&longs;oever point of the &longs;uperficies. 

<lb/></s><s>And for a more facile under&longs;tanding of the whole, let us de&longs;ign 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg657"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the &longs;ame in lineal figures: And fir&longs;t of all let us de&longs;cribe in the 

<lb/>Plane of the Ecliptick the circle A N B O [<emph type="italics"/>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 7.] and let 

<lb/>us under&longs;tand the points A and B, to be the extreams towards 

<lb/>the North and South; that is, the beginning of [<emph type="italics"/>or entrance into<emph.end type="italics"/>] 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Cancer<emph.end type="italics"/> or <emph type="italics"/>Capricorn,<emph.end type="italics"/> and let us prolong the Diameter A B, in&shy;

<lb/>determinately by D and C towards the Starry Sphere. </s><s>I &longs;ay 

<lb/>now in the fir&longs;t place, that none of the fixed &longs;tars placed in the 

<lb/>Ecliptick, &longs;hall ever vary elevation, by rea&longs;on of any what&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>ever mutation made by the Earth along the &longs;aid Plane of the 

<lb/>Ecliptick, but &longs;hall alwayes appear in the &longs;ame &longs;uperficies, al&shy;

<lb/>though the Earth &longs;hall approach and recede as great a &longs;pace as is 

<lb/>that of the diameter of the Grand Orb, as may plainly be 

<lb/>&longs;een in the &longs;aid figure. </s><s>For whether the Earth be in the point 

<lb/>A or in B, the &longs;tar C alwayes appeareth in the &longs;ame line A B C; 

<lb/>although the di&longs;tance B C, be le&longs;&longs;e than A C, by the whole 

<lb/>diameter A B. </s><s>The mo&longs;t therefore that can be di&longs;covered in the 

<lb/>&longs;tar C, and in any other placed in the Ecliptick, is the aug&shy;

<lb/>mented or dimini&longs;hed apparent magnitude, by rea&longs;on of the ap&shy;

<lb/>proximation or rece&longs;&longs;ion of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg654"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The annual mo&shy;

<lb/>tion made by the 

<lb/>centre of the Earth 

<lb/>under the Eclip&shy;

<lb/>tick and the diur&shy;

<lb/>nal motion made 

<lb/>by the Earth about 

<lb/>its own centre.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg655"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The axis of the 

<lb/>Earth continueth 

<lb/>alwayes parallel to 

<lb/>it &longs;elf, and de&longs;cri&shy;

<lb/>beth a Cylindrai&shy;

<lb/>cal &longs;uperficies, in&shy;

<lb/>clining to the 

<lb/>grand Orb.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg656"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Orb of the 

<lb/>Earth never incli&shy;

<lb/>neth, but is im&shy;

<lb/>mutably the &longs;ame.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg657"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The fixed &longs;tars 

<lb/>placed in the E&shy;

<lb/>cliptick never ele&shy;

<lb/>vate nor de&longs;cend, 

<lb/>on account of the 

<lb/>annual motion, but 

<lb/>yet approach and 

<lb/>recede.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Stay a while I pray you, for I meet with a certain 

<lb/>&longs;cruple, which much troubleth me, and it is this: That the &longs;tar 

<lb/>C may be &longs;een by the &longs;ame line A B C, as wel when the Earth 

<lb/>is in A, as when it is in B, I under&longs;tand very well, as al&longs;o fur&shy;

<lb/>thermore I apprehend that the &longs;ame would happen in all the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg658"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>points of the line A B, &longs;o long as the Earth &longs;hould pa&longs;&longs;e from A 

<lb/>to B by the &longs;aid line; but it pa&longs;&longs;ing thither, as is to be &longs;uppo&longs;ed, 

<lb/>by the arch A N B, it is manife&longs;t that when it &longs;hall be in the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/356.jpg" pagenum="346"/>point N, and in any other except tho&longs;e two A and B, the &longs;aid 

<lb/>&longs;tar &longs;hall no longer be ob&longs;erved in the line A B; but in others. 

<lb/></s><s>So that, if the appearing under &longs;everal lines ought to cau&longs;e 

<lb/>apparent mutations, &longs;ome difference mu&longs;t needs appear in 

<lb/>this ca&longs;e. </s><s>Nay more, I will &longs;peak it with that Philo&longs;ophical 

<lb/>freedom, which ought to be allowed among&longs;t Philo&longs;ophick 

<lb/>friends, methinks that you, contradicting your &longs;elf, deny that 

<lb/>now, which but even now to our admiration, you proved to be 

<lb/>really true, and con&longs;iderable; I mean that which happeneth in 

<lb/>the Planets, and particularly in the three &longs;uperiour ones, that 

<lb/>being con&longs;tantly in the Ecliptick, or very near unto it, do not 

<lb/>onely &longs;hew them&longs;elves one while near unto us, and another 

<lb/>while remote, but &longs;o deformed in their regular motions, that 

<lb/>they &longs;eem &longs;ometimes immoveable, and &longs;ometimes many de&shy;

<lb/>grees retrograde; and all upon no other occa&longs;ion than the an&shy;

<lb/>nual motion of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg658"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Objections again&longs;t 

<lb/>the Earths annual 

<lb/>motion taken from 

<lb/>the fixed stars 

<lb/>placed in the E&shy;

<lb/>cliptick.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Though by a thou&longs;and accidents I have been hereto&shy;

<lb/>fore a&longs;&longs;ured of the wittine&longs;&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> yet I had a de&longs;ire by 

<lb/>this one experiment more to a&longs;certain me of what I may expect 

<lb/>from his ingenuity, and all this for my own intere&longs;t, for in ca&longs;e 

<lb/>my Propo&longs;itions &longs;tand but proof again&longs;t the hammer and fur&shy;

<lb/>nace of his judgment, I &longs;hall be confident that they will abide 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg659"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the ^{*} te&longs;t of all Touch-&longs;tones. </s><s>I &longs;ay therefore that I had pur&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ely di&longs;&longs;embled this objection, but yet not with any intent to 

<lb/>deceive you, and to put any fal&longs;hood upon you, as it might 

<lb/>have happened if the objection by me di&longs;gui&longs;ed, and by you o&shy;

<lb/>ver-lookt, had been the &longs;ame in effect as it &longs;eemed to be in ap&shy;

<lb/>pearance, that is, really valid and conclu&longs;ive; but it is not &longs;o; 

<lb/>nay I rather &longs;u&longs;pect that to try me, you make as if you did not 

<lb/>&longs;ee its nullity. </s><s>But I will herein be too hard for you, and force 

<lb/>from your tongue, that which you would &longs;o artificially conceal; 

<lb/>and therefore tell me, what that thing &longs;hould be, whereby you 

<lb/>come to know the &longs;tation and retrogradation of the Planets, 

<lb/>which is derived from the annual motion, aud which is &longs;o great, 

<lb/>that at lea&longs;t &longs;ome foot-&longs;teps of &longs;uch an effect ought to appear in 

<lb/>the &longs;tars of the Ecliptick?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg659"></margin.target>* Or will prove 

<lb/>of good alloy.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This demand of yours containeth two que&longs;tions, to 

<lb/>which it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that I make reply; the fir&longs;t relates to the 

<lb/>imputation which you lay upon me of a Di&longs;&longs;embler; the other 

<lb/>concerneth that which may appear in the &longs;tars, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> As to the 

<lb/>fir&longs;t, I will &longs;ay with your permi&longs;&longs;ion, that it is not true, that I 

<lb/>have di&longs;&longs;embled my knowing the nullity of that objection; and 

<lb/>to a&longs;&longs;ure you of the &longs;ame, I now tell you that I very well under&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tand the nullity thereof.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But yet I do not under&longs;tand how it can be, that you 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/357.jpg" pagenum="347"/>&longs;pake not friendly, when you &longs;aid you did not know that &longs;ame 

<lb/>fallacy which you now confe&longs;&longs;e that you know very well.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The very confe&longs;&longs;ion of knowing it may a&longs;&longs;ure you 

<lb/>that I did not di&longs;&longs;emble, when I &longs;aid that I did not under&longs;tand it; 

<lb/>for if I had had a mind, and would di&longs;&longs;emble, who could hin&shy;

<lb/>der me from continuing in the &longs;ame &longs;imulation, and denying &longs;till 

<lb/>that I under&longs;tand the fallacy? </s><s>I &longs;ay therefore that I under&longs;tood 

<lb/>not the &longs;ame, at that time, but that I do now at this pre&longs;ent ap&shy;

<lb/>prehend it, for that you have prompted my intellect, fir&longs;t by 

<lb/>telling me re&longs;olutely that it is <emph type="italics"/>null,<emph.end type="italics"/> and then by beginning to 

<lb/>que&longs;tion me &longs;o at large what thing that might be, whereby I 

<lb/>might come to know the &longs;tation and retrogradation of the Pla&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg660"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>nets; and becau&longs;e this is known by comparing them with the fix&shy;

<lb/>ed &longs;tars, in relation to which, they are &longs;een to vary their mo&shy;

<lb/>tions, one while towards the We&longs;t, and another towards the 

<lb/>Ea&longs;t, and &longs;ometimes to abide immoveable; and becau&longs;e there 

<lb/>is not any thing above the Starry Sphere, immen&longs;ely more remote 

<lb/>from us, and vi&longs;ible unto us, wherewith we may compare our 

<lb/>fixed &longs;tars, therefore we cannot di&longs;cover in the fixed &longs;tars any 

<lb/>foot-&longs;teps of what appeareth to us in the Planets. </s><s>This I believe 

<lb/>is the &longs;ub&longs;tance of that which you would force from me.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg660"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;tation, di&shy;

<lb/>rection and retro&shy;

<lb/>gradation of the 

<lb/>Planets is known, 

<lb/>in relation to the 

<lb/>fixed &longs;tars.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is &longs;o, with the addition moreover of your admi&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg661"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>rable ingenuity; and if with half a word I did open your eyes, 

<lb/>you by the like have remembred me that it is not altogether im&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible, but that &longs;ometime or other &longs;omething ob&longs;ervable may 

<lb/>be found among&longs;t the fixed &longs;tars, by which it may be gathered 

<lb/>wherein the annual conver&longs;ion re&longs;ides, &longs;o as that they al&longs;o no 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e than the Planets and Sun it &longs;elf, may appear in judgment to 

<lb/>bear witne&longs;&longs;e of that motion, in favour of the Earth; for I do not 

<lb/>think that the &longs;tas are &longs;pread in a &longs;pherical &longs;uperficies equally re&shy;

<lb/>mote from a common centre, but hold, that their di&longs;tances from 

<lb/>us are &longs;o various, that &longs;ome of them may be twice and thrice as 

<lb/>remote as others; &longs;o that if with the Tele&longs;cope one &longs;hould ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erve a very &longs;mall &longs;tar neer to one of the bigger, and which 

<lb/>therefore was very exceeding high, it might happen that &longs;ome 

<lb/>&longs;en&longs;ible mutation might fall out between them, corre&longs;pondent 

<lb/>to that of the &longs;uperiour Planets. </s><s>And &longs;o much &longs;hall &longs;erve to have 

<lb/>&longs;poken at this time touching the &longs;tars placed in the Ecliptick. 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg662"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Let us now come to the fixed &longs;tars, placed out of the Ecliptick, 

<lb/>and let us &longs;uppo&longs;e a great circle erect upor [<emph type="italics"/>i. </s><s>e. </s><s>at right angles 

<lb/>to<emph.end type="italics"/>] the Plane of the ^{*} &longs;ame; and let it, for example, be a cir&shy;

<lb/>cle that in the Starry Sphere an&longs;wers to the Sol&longs;titial Colure, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg663"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>and let us mark it C E H [<emph type="italics"/>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 8.] which &longs;hall happen to be 

<lb/>withal a Meridian, and in it we will take a &longs;tar without the Eclip&shy;

<lb/>tick, which let be E. </s><s>Now this &longs;tar will indeed vary its elevati&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/358.jpg" pagenum="348"/>on upon the Earths motion; for from the Earth in A it &longs;hall be 

<lb/>&longs;een according to the ray A E, with the elevation of the angle 

<lb/>E A C; but from the Earth placed in B, it &longs;hall be &longs;een ac&shy;

<lb/>cording to the ray B E, with the elevation of the angle E B C, 

<lb/>bigger than the other E A C, that being extern, and this in&shy;

<lb/>tern and oppo&longs;ite in the triangle E A B, the di&longs;tance therefore 

<lb/>of the &longs;tar E from the Ecliptick, &longs;hall appear changed; and 

<lb/>likewi&longs;e its altitude in the Meridian &longs;hall become greater in the 

<lb/>po&longs;ition B, than in the place A, according as the angle E B C 

<lb/>exceeds the angle E A C, which exce&longs;&longs;e is the quantity of the 

<lb/>angle A E B: For in the triangle E A B, the &longs;ide A B being 

<lb/>continued to C, the exteriour angle E B C (as being equal to 

<lb/>the two interiour and oppo&longs;ite E and A) exceedeth the &longs;aid an&shy;

<lb/>gle A, by the quantity of the angle <emph type="italics"/>E.<emph.end type="italics"/> And if we &longs;hould take 

<lb/>another &longs;tar in the &longs;ame Meridian, more remote from the Ecli&shy;

<lb/>ptick, as for in&longs;tance the &longs;tar H, the diver&longs;ity in it &longs;hall be 

<lb/>greater by being ob&longs;erved from the two &longs;tations A and B, accor&shy;

<lb/>ding as the angle A H B is greater than the other <emph type="italics"/>E<emph.end type="italics"/>; which an&shy;

<lb/>gle &longs;hall encrea&longs;e continually according as the ob&longs;erved &longs;tar &longs;hall 

<lb/>be farther and farther from the Ecliptick, till that at la&longs;t the 

<lb/>greate&longs;t mutation will appear in that &longs;tar that &longs;hould be placed in 

<lb/>the very Pole of the Ecliptick. </s><s>As for a full under&longs;tanding there&shy;

<lb/>of we thus demon&longs;trate. </s><s>Suppo&longs;e the diameter of the Grand 

<lb/>Orb to be A B, who&longs;e centre [<emph type="italics"/>in the &longs;ame Figure<emph.end type="italics"/>] is G, and 

<lb/>let it be &longs;uppo&longs;ed to be continued out as far as the Starry Sphere 

<lb/>in the points D and C, and from the centre G let there be erected 

<lb/>the Axis of the Ecliptick G F, prolonged till it arrive at the &longs;aid 

<lb/>Sphere, in which a Meridian D F C is &longs;uppo&longs;ed to be de&longs;cribed, 

<lb/>that &longs;hall be perpendicular to the Plane of the Ecliptick; and 

<lb/>in the arch F C any points H and <emph type="italics"/>E,<emph.end type="italics"/> are imagined to be taken, 

<lb/>as places of fixed &longs;tars: Let the lines F A, F B, A H, H G, 

<lb/>H B, A <emph type="italics"/>E,<emph.end type="italics"/> G <emph type="italics"/>E,<emph.end type="italics"/> B <emph type="italics"/>E,<emph.end type="italics"/> be conjoyned. </s><s>And let the angle of dif&shy;

<lb/>ference, or, if you will, the Parallax of the &longs;tar placed in the 

<lb/>Pole F, be A F B, and let that of the &longs;tar placed in H, be the 

<lb/>angle A H <emph type="italics"/>B,<emph.end type="italics"/> and let that of the &longs;tar in <emph type="italics"/>E,<emph.end type="italics"/> be the angle 

<lb/>A <emph type="italics"/>E<emph.end type="italics"/> B. </s><s>I &longs;ay, that the angle of difference of the Polar &longs;tar F, is 

<lb/>the greate&longs;t, and that of the re&longs;t, tho&longs;e that are nearer to the 

<lb/>greate&longs;t are bigger than the more remote; that is to &longs;ay, that the 

<lb/>angle F is bigger than the angle H, and this bigger than the angle 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>E.<emph.end type="italics"/> Now about the triangle F A B, let us &longs;uppo&longs;e a circle to be de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cribed. </s><s>And becau&longs;e the angle F is acute, (by rea&longs;on that its ba&longs;e 

<lb/>AB is le&longs;&longs;e than the diameter DC, of the &longs;emicircle D F C) it &longs;hall 

<lb/>be placed in the greater portion of the circum&longs;cribed circle cut 

<lb/>by the ba&longs;e A B. </s><s>And becau&longs;e the &longs;aid A B is divided in the 

<lb/>mid&longs;t, and at right angles by F G, the centre of the circum&longs;cri&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/359.jpg" pagenum="349"/>bed circle &longs;hall be in the line F G, which let be the point I; and 

<lb/>becau&longs;e that of &longs;uch lines as are drawn from the point G, which 

<lb/>is not the centre, unto the circumference of the circum&longs;cribed 

<lb/>circle, the bigge&longs;t is that which pa&longs;&longs;eth by the centre, G F &longs;hall 

<lb/>be bigger than any other that is drawn from the point G, to the 

<lb/>circumference of the &longs;aid circle; and therefore that circumfe&shy;

<lb/>rence will cut the line G H (which is equal to the line G F) and 

<lb/>cutting G H, it will al&longs;o cut A H. </s><s>Let it cut it in L, and con&shy;

<lb/>joyn the line L B. </s><s>The&longs;e two angles, therefore, A F B and A L B 

<lb/>&longs;hall be equal, as being in the &longs;ame portion of the circle cir&shy;

<lb/>cum&longs;cribed. </s><s>But A L B external, is bigger than the internal H; 

<lb/>therefore the angle F is bigger than the angle H. </s><s>And by the 

<lb/>&longs;ame method we might demon&longs;trate the angle H to be bigger 

<lb/>than the angle E, becau&longs;e that of the circle de&longs;cribed about the 

<lb/>triangle A H B, the centre is in the perpendicular G F, to which 

<lb/>the line G H is nearer than the line G E, and therefore the cir&shy;

<lb/>cumference of it cutteth G E, and al&longs;o A E, whereupon the pro&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ition is manife&longs;t. </s><s>We will conclude from hence, that the dif&shy;

<lb/>ference of appearance, (which with the proper term of art, we 

<lb/>might call the Parallax of the fixed &longs;tars) is greater, or le&longs;&longs;e, ac&shy;

<lb/>cording as the Stars ob&longs;erved are more or le&longs;&longs;e adjacent to the 

<lb/>Pole of the Ecliptick, &longs;o that, in conclu&longs;ion of tho&longs;e Stars that 

<lb/>are in the Ecliptick it &longs;elf, the &longs;aid diver&longs;ity is reduced to nothing. 

<lb/></s><s>In the next place, as to the Earths acce&longs;&longs;ion by that motion to, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg664"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>or rece&longs;&longs;ion from the Stars, it appeareth to, and recedeth from 

<lb/>tho&longs;e that are in the Ecliptick, the quantity of the whole diame&shy;

<lb/>ter of the grand Orb, as we did &longs;ee even now, but that acce&longs;&longs;ion 

<lb/>or rece&longs;&longs;ion to, or from the &longs;tars about the Pole of the Ecliptick, 

<lb/>is almo&longs;t nothing; and in going to and from others, this diffe&shy;

<lb/>rence groweth greater, according as they are neerer to the Eclip&shy;

<lb/>tick. </s><s>We may, in the third place, know, that the &longs;aid difference 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg665"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of A&longs;pect groweth greater or le&longs;&longs;er, according as the Star ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>ved &longs;hall be neerer to us, or farther from us. </s><s>For if we draw a&shy;

<lb/>nother Meridian, le&longs;&longs;e di&longs;tant from the Earth; as for example, 

<lb/>this D F I [<emph type="italics"/>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 7.] a Star placed in F, and &longs;een by the &longs;ame 

<lb/>ray A F E, the Earth being in A, would, in ca&longs;e it &longs;hould be ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erved from the Earth in B, appear according to the ray B F, and 

<lb/>would make the angle of difference, namely, B F A, bigger 

<lb/>than the former A E B, being the exteriour angle of the trian&shy;

<lb/>gle B F E.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg661"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An Indice in 

<lb/>the fixed &longs;tars like 

<lb/>to that which is 

<lb/>&longs;een in the Pla&shy;

<lb/>nets, is an argu&shy;

<lb/>ment of the Earths 

<lb/>annual motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg662"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The fixed &longs;tars 

<lb/>without the Eclip&shy;

<lb/>tick elevate and 

<lb/>de&longs;cend more or 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e, according to 

<lb/>their di&longs;tance from 

<lb/>the &longs;aid Ecliptick.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg663"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"/>i. </s><s>e.<emph.end type="italics"/> of the E&shy;

<lb/>cliptick.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg664"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earth ap&shy;

<lb/>proacheth or rece&shy;

<lb/>deth from the fix&shy;

<lb/>ed &longs;tars of the E&shy;

<lb/>cliptick, the quan&shy;

<lb/>tity of the Dinme&shy;

<lb/>ter of the Grand 

<lb/>Orb.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg665"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;tars near&shy;

<lb/>er to us make 

<lb/>greater differences 

<lb/>than the more re&shy;

<lb/>more.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>With great delight, and al&longs;o benefit have I heard 

<lb/>your di&longs;cour&longs;e; and that I may be certain, whether I have right&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg666"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ly under&longs;tood the &longs;ame, I &longs;hall give you the &longs;umme of the Con&shy;

<lb/>clu&longs;ions in a few words. </s><s>As I take it, you have explained to us 

<lb/>the different appearances, that by means of the Earths annual mo&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/360.jpg" pagenum="350"/>tion, may be by us ob&longs;erved in the fixed &longs;tars to be of two 

<lb/>kinds: The one is, that of their apparent magnitudes varied, ac&shy;

<lb/>cording as we, tran&longs;ported by the Earth, approach or recede 

<lb/>from the &longs;ame: The other (which likewi&longs;e dependeth on the 

<lb/>&longs;ame acce&longs;&longs;ion and reee&longs;&longs;ion) their appearing unto us in the 

<lb/>&longs;ame Meridian, one while more elevated, and another while le&longs;&longs;e. 

<lb/></s><s>Moreover, you tell us (and I under&longs;tand it very well) that the 

<lb/>one and other of the&longs;e mutations are not made alike in all the 

<lb/>&longs;tars, but in &longs;ome greater, and in others le&longs;&longs;er, and in others not 

<lb/>at all. </s><s>The acce&longs;&longs;ion and rece&longs;&longs;ion whereby the &longs;ame &longs;tar ought 

<lb/>to appear, one while bigger, and another while le&longs;&longs;er, is in&longs;en&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>ble, and almo&longs;t nothing in the &longs;tars neer unto the pole of the E&shy;

<lb/>cliptick, but is greate&longs;t in the &longs;tars placed in the Ecliptick it &longs;elf, 

<lb/>and indifferent in the intermediate: the contrary happens in the 

<lb/>other difference, that is, the elevation or depre&longs;&longs;ion of the &longs;tars 

<lb/>placed in the Ecliptick is nothing at all, greate&longs;t in tho&longs;e neere&longs;t 

<lb/>to the Pole of the &longs;aid Ecliptick, and indifferent in the interme&shy;

<lb/>diate. </s><s>Be&longs;ides, both the&longs;e differences are more &longs;en&longs;ible in the 

<lb/>Stars neere&longs;t to us, in the more remote le&longs;&longs;e &longs;en&longs;ible, and in 

<lb/>tho&longs;e that are very far di&longs;tant wholly di&longs;appear. </s><s>This is, as to 

<lb/>what concerns my &longs;elf; it remaineth now, as I conceive, that 

<lb/>&longs;omething be &longs;aid for the &longs;atisfaction of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> who, as I 

<lb/>believe, will not ea&longs;ily be made to over-pa&longs;&longs;e tho&longs;e differences, 

<lb/>as in&longs;en&longs;ible that are derived from a motion of the Earth &longs;o va&longs;t, 

<lb/>and from a mutation that tran&longs;ports the Earth into places twice 

<lb/>as far di&longs;tant from us as the Sun.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg666"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Epilogue of 

<lb/>the<emph.end type="italics"/> Ph&aelig;nomena 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>of the fixed &longs;tars 

<lb/>cau&longs;ed by the an&shy;

<lb/>nual motion of the 

<lb/>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Truth is, to &longs;peak freely, I am very loth to confe&longs;&longs;e, that 

<lb/>the di&longs;tance of the fixed Stars ought to be &longs;uch, that in them the 

<lb/>fore-mentioned differences &longs;hould be wholly imperceptible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Do notthrow your &longs;elf into ab&longs;olute de&longs;pair, <emph type="italics"/>Simpli&shy;

<lb/>cius,<emph.end type="italics"/> for there may perhaps yet &longs;ome qualification be found for 

<lb/>your difficulties. </s><s>And fir&longs;t, that the apparent magnitude of the 

<lb/>&longs;tars is not &longs;een to make any &longs;en&longs;ible alteration, ought not to be 

<lb/>judged by you a thing improbable, in regard you &longs;ee the gue&longs;&longs;es 

<lb/>of men in this particular to be &longs;o gro&longs;&longs;ely erroneous, e&longs;pecially in 

<lb/>looking upon &longs;plendid objects; and you your &longs;elf beholding 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> a lighted Torch at the di&longs;tance of 200 paces, if it ap&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg667"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>proach nearer to you 3. or 4. yards, do you think that it will 

<lb/>&longs;hew any whit encrea&longs;ed in magnitude? </s><s>I for my part &longs;hould 

<lb/>not perceive it certainly, although it &longs;hould approach 20. or 

<lb/>30. yards nearer; nay it hath &longs;ometimes happened that in &longs;eeing 

<lb/>&longs;uch a light at that di&longs;tance I know not how to re&longs;olve whether 

<lb/>it came towards me, or retreated from me, when as it did in 

<lb/>reality approach nearer to me. </s><s>But what need I &longs;peak of this? 

<lb/></s><s>If the &longs;elf &longs;ame acce&longs;&longs;ion and rece&longs;&longs;ion (I &longs;peak of a di&longs;tance 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/361.jpg" pagenum="351"/>twice as great as that from the Sun to us) in the &longs;tar of <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> is 

<lb/>almo&longs;t totally imperceptible, and in <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/> not very ob&longs;erva&shy;

<lb/>ble, what &longs;hall we think of the fixed &longs;tars, which I believe you 

<lb/>will not &longs;cruple to place twice as far off as <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s><s>In <emph type="italics"/>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>which for that it is nearer to us -------</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg667"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In objects far 

<lb/>remote, and lumi&shy;

<lb/>nous, a &longs;mall ap&shy;

<lb/>proach or rece&longs;&longs;ion 

<lb/>is imperceptible.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Pray Sir, put your &longs;elf to no farther trouble in this 

<lb/>particular, for I already conceive that what hath been &longs;poken 

<lb/>touching the unaltered apparent magnitude of the fixed &longs;tars may 

<lb/>very well come to pa&longs;&longs;e, but what &longs;hall we &longs;ay of the other dif&shy;

<lb/>ficulty that proceeds from not perceiving any variation in the 

<lb/>mutation of a&longs;pect?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We will &longs;ay that which peradventure may &longs;atisfie 

<lb/>you al&longs;o in this particular. </s><s>And to make &longs;hort, would you not 

<lb/>be &longs;atisfied if there &longs;hould be di&longs;covered in the &longs;tars face muta&shy;

<lb/>tions that you think ought to be di&longs;covered, in ca&longs;e the annual 

<lb/>motion belonged to the Earth?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I &longs;hould &longs;o doubtle&longs;&longs;e, as to what concerns this par&shy;

<lb/>ticular.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I could wi&longs;h you would &longs;ay that in ca&longs;e &longs;uch a diffe&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg668"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>rence were di&longs;covered, nothing more would remain behind, that 

<lb/>might render the mobility of the Earth que&longs;tionable. </s><s>But al&shy;

<lb/>though yet that &longs;hould not &longs;en&longs;ibly appear, yet is not its mo&shy;

<lb/>bility removed, nor its immobility nece&longs;&longs;arily proved, it being 

<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible, (as <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> affirmeth) that the immen&longs;e di&longs;tance of 

<lb/>the Starry Sphere rendereth &longs;uch very &longs;mall <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;nomena<emph.end type="italics"/> unob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>vable; the which as already hath been &longs;aid, may po&longs;&longs;ibly not 

<lb/>have been hitherto &longs;o much as &longs;ought for, or if &longs;ought for, yet 

<lb/>not &longs;ought for in &longs;uch a way as they ought, to wit, with that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg669"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>exactne&longs;&longs;e which to &longs;o minute a punctuality would be nece&longs;&longs;ary; 

<lb/>which exactne&longs;&longs;e is very difficult to obtain, as well by rea&longs;on of the 

<lb/>deficiency of A&longs;ttonomical In&longs;truments, &longs;ubject to many altera&shy;

<lb/>tions, as al&longs;o through the fault of tho&longs;e that manage them with le&longs;s 

<lb/>diligence then is requi&longs;ite. </s><s>A nece&longs;&longs;ary argument how little cre&shy;

<lb/>dit is to be given to tho&longs;e ob&longs;ervations may be deduced from the 

<lb/>differences which we find among&longs;t A&longs;tronomers in a&longs;&longs;igning the 

<lb/>places, I will not &longs;ay, of the new Stars or Comets, but of the fixed 

<lb/>&longs;tars them&longs;elves, even to the altitudes of the very Poles, in 

<lb/>which, mo&longs;t an end, they are found to differ from one another 

<lb/>many minutes. </s><s>And to &longs;peak the truth, who can in a Quadrant, 

<lb/>or Sextant, that at mo&longs;t &longs;hall have its &longs;ide ^{*} 3. or 4. yards long, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg670"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>a&longs;certain him&longs;elf in the incidence of the perpendicular, or in the 

<lb/>direction of the &longs;ights, not to erre two or three minutes, which 

<lb/>in its circumference &longs;hall not amount to the breadth of a grain of 

<lb/>^{*}<emph type="italics"/>Mylet<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s><s>Be&longs;ides that, it is almo&longs;t impo&longs;&longs;ible, that the In&longs;trument 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg671"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;hould be made, and kept with ab&longs;olute exactne&longs;&longs;e. <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"/>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/362.jpg" pagenum="352"/><arrow.to.target n="marg672"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;heweth his di&longs;tru&longs;t of a Spherical In&longs;trument compo&longs;ed by <emph type="italics"/>Ar&shy;

<lb/>chimedes<emph.end type="italics"/> hi&longs;melf to take the Suns ingre&longs;&longs;ion into the &AElig;qui&shy;

<lb/>noctial.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg673"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg668"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>If in the fixed 

<lb/>&longs;tars one &longs;hould 

<lb/>di&longs;cover any an&shy;

<lb/>nual mutation, the 

<lb/>motion of the 

<lb/>Earth would be 

<lb/>undeniable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg669"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is proved what 

<lb/>&longs;mall credit is to be 

<lb/>given to A&longs;trono&shy;

<lb/>mical In&longs;truments 

<lb/>in minute ob&longs;erva&shy;

<lb/>tions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg670"></margin.target>* Braceia Italian.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg671"></margin.target>* Or Mill.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg672"></margin.target>Ptolomy <emph type="italics"/>did not 

<lb/>tru&longs;t to an In&longs;tru&shy;

<lb/>ment made by<emph.end type="italics"/> Ar&shy;

<lb/>chimedes.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg673"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In&longs;truments of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Tycho <emph type="italics"/>made with 

<lb/>great expence.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But if the In&longs;truments be &longs;o &longs;u&longs;pitious, and the ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>vations &longs;o dubious, how can we ever come to any certainty of 

<lb/>things, or free our &longs;elves from mi&longs;takes? </s><s>I have heard &longs;trange 

<lb/>things of the In&longs;truments of <emph type="italics"/>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"/> made with extraordinary co&longs;t, 

<lb/>and of his &longs;ingular diligence in ob&longs;ervations.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>All this I grant you; but neither one nor other of 

<lb/>the&longs;e is &longs;ufficient to a&longs;certain us in a bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e of this importance. </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg674"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>I de&longs;ire that we may make u&longs;e of In&longs;truments greater by far, and 

<lb/>by far certainer than tho&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"/> made with a very &longs;mall 

<lb/>charge; the &longs;ides of which are of 4. 6. 20. 30. and 50. miles, &longs;o 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg675"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>as that a degree is a mile broad, a minute prim. </s><s>50 ^{*} yards, a 

<lb/>&longs;econd but little le&longs;&longs;e than a yard, and in &longs;hort we may without 

<lb/>a farthing expence procure them of what bigne&longs;&longs;e we plea&longs;e. </s><s>I 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg676"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>being in a Countrey Seat of mine near to <emph type="italics"/>Florence,<emph.end type="italics"/> did plainly 

<lb/>ob&longs;erve the Suns arrival at, and departure from the Summer 

<lb/>Sol&longs;tice, whil&longs;t one Evening at the time of its going down it ap&shy;

<lb/>peared upon the top of a Rock on the Mountains of <emph type="italics"/>Pictrapana,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>about 60. miles from thence, leaving di&longs;covered of it a &longs;mall 

<lb/>&longs;treak or filament towards the North, who&longs;e breadth was not 

<lb/>the hundredth part of its Diameter; and the following Evening 

<lb/>at the like &longs;etting, it &longs;hew'd &longs;uch another part of it, but notably 

<lb/>more &longs;mall, a nece&longs;&longs;ary argument, that it had begun to recede 

<lb/>from the Tropick; and the regre&longs;&longs;ion of the Sun from the fir&longs;t to 

<lb/>the &longs;econd ob&longs;ervation, doth not import doubtle&longs;&longs;e a &longs;econd mi&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg677"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>nute in the Ea&longs;t. </s><s>The ob&longs;ervation made afterwards with an ex&shy;

<lb/>qui&longs;ite Tele&longs;cope, and that multiplyeth the <emph type="italics"/>Di&longs;cus<emph.end type="italics"/> of the Sun 

<lb/>more than a thou&longs;and times, would prove ea&longs;ie, and with all 

<lb/>delightful. </s><s>Now with &longs;uch an In&longs;trument as this, I would have 

<lb/>ob&longs;ervations to be made in the fixed &longs;tars, making u&longs;e of &longs;ome 

<lb/>of tho&longs;e wherein the mutation ought to appear more con&longs;picu&shy;

<lb/>ous, &longs;uch as are (as hath already been declared) the more re&shy;

<lb/>mote from the Ecliptick, among&longs;t which the Harp a very great 

<lb/>&longs;tar, and near to the Pole of the Ecliptick, would be very pro&shy;

<lb/>per in Countries far North, proceeding according to the man&shy;

<lb/>ner that I &longs;hall &longs;hew by and by, but in the u&longs;e of another &longs;tar; 

<lb/>and I have already fancied to my &longs;elf a place very well adapted 

<lb/>for &longs;uch an ob&longs;ervation. </s><s>The place is an open Plane, upon 

<lb/>which towards the North there ri&longs;eth a very eminent Mountain, 

<lb/>in the apex or top whereof is built a little Chappel, &longs;ituate Ea&longs;t 

<lb/>and We&longs;t, &longs;o as that the ridg of its Roof may inter&longs;ect at right 

<lb/>angles, the meridian of &longs;ome building &longs;tanding in the Plane. </s><s>I 

<lb/>will place a beam parallel to the &longs;aid ridg, or top of the Roof, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/363.jpg" pagenum="353"/>and di&longs;tant from it a yard or thereabouts. </s><s>This being placed, I 

<lb/>will &longs;eek in the Plain the place from whence one of the &longs;tars of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Charls's<emph.end type="italics"/> Waine, in pa&longs;&longs;ing by the Meridian, cometh to hide it 

<lb/>&longs;elf behind the beam &longs;o placed, or in ca&longs;e the beam &longs;hould not 

<lb/>be &longs;o big as to hide the &longs;tar, I will finde a &longs;tation where one 

<lb/>may &longs;ee the &longs;aid beam to cut the &longs;aid &longs;tar into two equal parts; 

<lb/>an effect that with an ^{*} exqui&longs;ite Tele&longs;cope may be perfectly 

<lb/>di&longs;cerned. </s><s>And if in the place where the &longs;aid accident is di&longs;cover&shy;

<lb/>ed, there were &longs;ome building, it will be the more commodious; 

<lb/>but if not, I will cau&longs;e a Pole to be &longs;tuck very fa&longs;t in the 

<lb/>ground, with &longs;ome &longs;tanding mark to direct where to place the 

<lb/>eye anew, when ever I have a mind to repeat the ob&longs;ervation. 

<lb/></s><s>The fir&longs;t of which ob&longs;ervations I will make about the Summer 

<lb/>Sol&longs;tice, to continue afterwards from Moneth to Moneth, or 

<lb/>when I &longs;hall &longs;o plea&longs;e, to the other Sol&longs;tice; with which ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>vation one may di&longs;cover the elevation and depre&longs;&longs;ion of the &longs;tar, 

<lb/>though it be very &longs;mall. </s><s>And if in that operation it &longs;hall hap&shy;

<lb/>pen, that any mutation &longs;hall di&longs;cover it &longs;elf, what and how great 

<lb/>benefit will it bring to A&longs;tronomy? </s><s>Seeing that thereby, be&longs;ides 

<lb/>our being a&longs;&longs;ured of the annual motion, we may come to know 

<lb/>the grandure and di&longs;tance of the &longs;ame &longs;tar.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg674"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>What In&longs;tru&shy;

<lb/>ments are apt for 

<lb/>mo&longs;t exact ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>vation.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg675"></margin.target>* Italian braces.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg676"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An exqui&longs;ite 

<lb/>ob&longs;ervation of the 

<lb/>approach and de&shy;

<lb/>parture of the Sun 

<lb/>from the Summer 

<lb/>Sol&longs;tice.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg677"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A place aecom&shy;

<lb/>modated for the 

<lb/>ob&longs;ervation of the 

<lb/>fixed &longs;tars, as to 

<lb/>what concers the 

<lb/>annual motion of 

<lb/>the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I very well comprehend your whole proceedings; 

<lb/>and the operation &longs;eems to me &longs;o ea&longs;ie, and &longs;o commodious for 

<lb/>the purpo&longs;e, that it may very rationally be thought, that either 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf, or &longs;ome other A&longs;tronomer had made trial 

<lb/>of it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But I judg the quite contrary, for it is not probable, 

<lb/>that if any one had experimented it, he would not have men&shy;

<lb/>tioned the event, whether it fell out in favour of this, or that 

<lb/>opinion; be&longs;ides that, no man that I can find, either for this, 

<lb/>or any other end, did ever go about to make &longs;uch an Ob&longs;ervati&shy;

<lb/>on; which al&longs;o without an exact Tele&longs;cope could but badly be 

<lb/>effected.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I am fully &longs;atisfied with what you &longs;ay. </s><s>But &longs;eeing 

<lb/>that it is a great while to night, if you defire that I &longs;hall pa&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>the &longs;ame quietly, let it not be a trouble to you to explain unto 

<lb/>us tho&longs;e Problems, the declaration whereof you did even now 

<lb/>reque&longs;t might be deferred until too morrow. </s><s>Be plea&longs;ed to grant 

<lb/>us your promi&longs;ed indulgence, and, laying a&longs;ide all other di&longs;cour&shy;

<lb/>&longs;es, proceed to &longs;hew us, that the motions which <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> a&longs;&longs;igns 

<lb/>to the Earth being taken for granted, and &longs;uppo&longs;ing the Sun 

<lb/>and fixed &longs;tars immoveable, there may follow the &longs;ame acci&shy;

<lb/>dents touching the elevations and depre&longs;&longs;ions of the Sun, touch&shy;

<lb/>ing the mutations of the Sea&longs;ons, and the inequality of dayes 

<lb/>and nights, <emph type="italics"/>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> in the &longs;elf &longs;ame manner, ju&longs;t as they are with 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/364.jpg" pagenum="345[354]"/>facility apprehended in the <emph type="italics"/>Prolomaick<emph.end type="italics"/> Sy&longs;teme.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I neither ought, nor can deny any thing that <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>&longs;hall reque&longs;t: And the delay by me de&longs;ired was to no other end, 

<lb/>&longs;ave only that I might have time once again to methodize tho&longs;e 

<lb/>prefatory points, in my fancy, that &longs;erve for a large and plain de&shy;

<lb/>claration of the manner how the forenamed accidents follow, as 

<lb/>well in the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> po&longs;ition, as in the <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomaick<emph.end type="italics"/>: nay, with 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg678"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>much greater facility and &longs;implicity in that than in this. </s><s>Whence 

<lb/>one may manife&longs;tly conceive that Hypothe&longs;is to be as ea&longs;ie to be 

<lb/>effected by nature, as difficult to be apprehended by the under&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tanding: yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e, I hope by making u&longs;e of another 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg679"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>kind of explanation, than that u&longs;ed by <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> to render like&shy;

<lb/>wi&longs;e the apprehending of it &longs;omewhat le&longs;&longs;e ob&longs;cure. </s><s>Which 

<lb/>that I may do, I will propo&longs;e certain &longs;uppo&longs;itions of them&longs;elves 

<lb/>known and manife&longs;t, and they &longs;hall be the&longs;e that follow.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg678"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> Coperni&shy;

<lb/>can <emph type="italics"/>Sy&longs;teme diffi&shy;

<lb/>cult to be under&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tood, but ea&longs;ie to 

<lb/>be effected.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg679"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Nece&longs;&longs;ary pre&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;itions for the 

<lb/>better conceiving 

<lb/>of the con&longs;equences 

<lb/>of the Earths mo&shy;

<lb/>tion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>Fir&longs;t, I &longs;uppo&longs;e that the Earth is a &longs;pherical body, turning 

<lb/>round upon its own Axis and Poles, and that each point a&longs;&longs;igned 

<lb/>in its &longs;uperficies, de&longs;cribeth the circumference of a circle, great&shy;

<lb/>er or le&longs;&longs;er, according as the point a&longs;&longs;igned &longs;hall be neerer or 

<lb/>farther from the Poles: And that of the&longs;e circles the greate&longs;t is 

<lb/>that which is de&longs;cribed by a point equidi&longs;tant from the &longs;aid Poles; 

<lb/>and all the&longs;e circles are parallel to each other; and <emph type="italics"/>Parallels<emph.end type="italics"/> we 

<lb/>will call them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Secondly, The Earth being of a Spherical Figure, and of an o&shy;

<lb/>pacous &longs;ub&longs;tance, it is continually illuminated by the Sun, accor&shy;

<lb/>ding to the half of its &longs;urface, the other half remaining ob&longs;cure, 

<lb/>and the boundary that di&longs;tingui&longs;heth the illuminated part from 

<lb/>the dark being a grand circle, we will call that circle the <emph type="italics"/>termi&shy;

<lb/>nator of the light.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>Thirdly, If the Circle that is terminator of the light &longs;hould 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;e by the Poles of the Earth, it would cut (being a grand 

<lb/>and principal circle) all the parallels into equal parts; but not 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;ing by the Poles, it would cut them all in parts unequal, ex&shy;

<lb/>cept only the circle in the middle, which, as being a grand circle 

<lb/>will be cut into equal parts.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Fourthly, The Earth turning round upon its own Poles, the 

<lb/>quantities of dayes and nights are termined by the arches of the 

<lb/>Parallels, inter&longs;ected by the circle, that is, the terminator of the 

<lb/>light, and the arch that is &longs;cituate in the illuminated Hemi&longs;phere 

<lb/>pre&longs;cribeth the length of the day, and the remainer is the quan&shy;

<lb/>tity of the night.</s></p><p type="main"><s>The&longs;e things being pre&longs;uppo&longs;ed, for the more clear under&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg680"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;tanding of that which remaines to be &longs;aid, we will lay it down 

<lb/>in a Figure. </s><s>And fir&longs;t, we will draw the circumference of a 

<lb/>circle, that &longs;hall repre&longs;ent unto us that of the grand Orb de&longs;cri&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/365.jpg" pagenum="355"/>bed in the plain of the Ecliptick, and this we will divide into 

<lb/>four equal parts with the two diameters <emph type="italics"/>Capricorn Cancer,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Libra Aries,<emph.end type="italics"/> which, at the &longs;ame time, &longs;hall repre&longs;ent unto us the 

<lb/>four Cardinal points, that is, the two Sol&longs;tices, and the two E&shy;

<lb/>quinoctials; and in the centre of that circle we will place the 

<lb/>Sun O, fixed and immoveable.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg680"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A plain Scheme 

<lb/>repre&longs;enting the<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Copernican <emph type="italics"/>Hypo&shy;

<lb/>the&longs;is, and its con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;equences.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><figure id="id.065.01.365.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/365/1.jpg"/><p type="main"><s>Let us next draw about the four points, Capricorn, Cancer, 

<lb/>Libra and Aries, as centres, four equal circles, which repre&longs;ent 

<lb/>unto us the Earth placed in them at four &longs;everal times of the 

<lb/>year. </s><s>The which, with its centre, in the &longs;pace of a year, pa&longs;&longs;eth 

<lb/>through the whole circumference, Capricorn, Aries, Cancer, Li&shy;

<lb/>bra, moving from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t, that is, according to the order 

<lb/>of the Signes. </s><s>It is already manife&longs;t, that whil&longs;t the Earth is in 

<lb/>Capricorn, the Sun will appear in Cancer, and the Earth moving 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg681"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>along the arch Capricorn Aries, the Sun will &longs;eem to move along 

<lb/>the arch Cancer Libra, and in &longs;hort, will run thorow the Zodiack 

<lb/>according to the order of the Signes, in the &longs;pace of a year; and 

<lb/>by this fir&longs;t a&longs;&longs;umption, without all que&longs;tion, full &longs;atisfaction is 

<lb/>given for the Suns apparent annual motion under the Ecliptick. 

<lb/></s><s>Now, coming to the other, that is, the diurnal motion of the 

<lb/>Earth in it &longs;elf, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary to e&longs;tabli&longs;h its Poles and its Axis, 

<lb/>the which mu&longs;t be under&longs;tood not to be erect perpendicularly 

<lb/>upon the plain of the Ecliptick, that is, not to be parallel to the 

<lb/>Axis of the grand Orb, but declining from a right angle 23 de&shy;

<lb/>grees and an half, or thereabouts, with its North Pole towards 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/366.jpg" pagenum="356"/>the Axis of the grand Orb, the Earths centre being in the Sol&longs;ti&shy;

<lb/>tial point of Capricorn. </s><s>Suppo&longs;ing therefore the Terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe to have its centre in the point Capricorn, we will de&longs;cribe 

<lb/>its Poles and Axis A B, inclined upon the diameter Capricorn 

<lb/>Cancer 23 degrees and an half; &longs;o that the angle A Capricorn 

<lb/>Cancer cometh to be the complement of a Quadrant or Radius, 

<lb/>that is, 66 degrees and an half; and this inclination mu&longs;t be un&shy;

<lb/>der&longs;tood to be immutable, and we will &longs;uppo&longs;e the &longs;uperiour 

<lb/>Pole A to be Boreal, or North, and the other Au&longs;tral, or South. 

<lb/></s><s>Now imagining the Earth to revolve in it &longs;elf about the Axis A B 

<lb/>in twenty four hours, from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t, there &longs;hall by all the 

<lb/>points a&longs;&longs;igned in its &longs;uper&longs;icies, be circles de&longs;cribed parallel to 

<lb/>each other. </s><s>We will draw, in this fir&longs;t po&longs;ition of the Earth, 

<lb/>the greate&longs;t C D, and tho&longs;e two di&longs;tant from it <emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> 23. and an 

<lb/>half, E F above, and G M beneath, and the other two extream 

<lb/>ones I K and L M remote, by tho&longs;e intervals from the Poles A 

<lb/>and B; and as we have marked the&longs;e five, &longs;o we may imagine in&shy;

<lb/>numerable others, parallel to the&longs;e, de&longs;cribed by the innumera&shy;

<lb/>ble points of the Terre&longs;trial &longs;urface. </s><s>Next let us &longs;uppo&longs;e the 

<lb/>Earth, with the annual motion of its centre, to transferre it &longs;elf 

<lb/>into the other places already marked; but to pa&longs;&longs;e thither in &longs;uch 

<lb/>a manner, that its own Axis A B &longs;hall not only not change incli&shy;

<lb/>nation upon the plain of the Ecliptick, but &longs;hall al&longs;o never vary 

<lb/>direction; &longs;o that alwayes keeping parallel to it &longs;elf, it may 

<lb/>continually tend towards the &longs;ame part of the Univer&longs;e, or, if 

<lb/>you will, of the Firmament, whereas, if we do but &longs;uppo&longs;e it 

<lb/>prolonged, it will, with its extream termes, de&longs;igne a Circle pa&shy;

<lb/>rallel and equal to the grand Orb, Libra Capricorn Aries Cancer, 

<lb/>as the &longs;uperiour ba&longs;e of a Cylinder de&longs;cribed by it &longs;elf in the an&shy;

<lb/>nual motion above the inferiour ba&longs;e, Libra Capricorn Aries 

<lb/>Cancer. </s><s>And therefore this immutability of inclination conti&shy;

<lb/>nuing, we will de&longs;ign the&longs;e other three figures about the centres 

<lb/>Aries, Cancer, and Libra, alike in every thing to that fir&longs;t de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cribed about the centre Capricorn. </s><s>Now we will con&longs;ider the 

<lb/>fir&longs;t figure of the Earth, in which, in regard the Axis A B is de&shy;

<lb/>clined from perpendicularity upon the diameter Capricorn Can&shy;

<lb/>cer 23 degrees and an half towards the Sun O, and the arch A I 

<lb/>being al&longs;o 23 degrees and an half, the illumination of the Sun 

<lb/>will illu&longs;trate the Hemi&longs;phere of the Terre&longs;trial Globe expo&longs;ed 

<lb/>towards the Sun (of which, in this place, half is to be &longs;een) di&shy;

<lb/>vided from the ob&longs;cure part by the Terminator of the light 

<lb/>I M, by which the parallel C D, as being a grand circle, &longs;hall 

<lb/>come to be divided into equal parts, but all the re&longs;t into parts un&shy;

<lb/>equal; being that the terminator of the light I M pa&longs;&longs;eth not 

<lb/>by their Poles A B, and the parallel I K, together with all the re&longs;t 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/367.jpg" pagenum="357"/>de&longs;cribed within the &longs;ame, and neerer to the pole A, &longs;hall wholly 

<lb/>be included in the illuminated part; as on the contrary, the op&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ite ones towards the Pole B, contained within the paral&shy;

<lb/>lel L M, &longs;hall remain in the dark. </s><s>Moreover, the arch A I be&shy;

<lb/>ing equal to the arch F D, and the arch A F, common to them 

<lb/>both, the two arches I K F and A F D &longs;hall be equal, and each 

<lb/>a quadrant or 90 degrees. </s><s>And becau&longs;e the whole arch I F M 

<lb/>is a &longs;emicircle, the arch F M &longs;hall be a quadrant, and equal to 

<lb/>the other F K I; and therefore the Sun O &longs;hall be in this &longs;tate 

<lb/>of the Earth vertical to one that &longs;tands in the point F. </s><s>But by 

<lb/>the revolution diurnal about the &longs;tanding Axis A B, all the points 

<lb/>of the parallel E F pa&longs;&longs;e by the &longs;ame point F: and therefore in 

<lb/>that &longs;ame day the Sun, at noon, &longs;hall be vertical to all the inha&shy;

<lb/>bitants of the Parallel E F, and will &longs;eem to them to de&longs;cribe in its 

<lb/>apparent motion the circle which we call the Tropick of Cancer. 

<lb/></s><s>But to the inhabitants of all the Parallels that are above the pa&shy;

<lb/>rallel E F, towards the North pole A, the Sun declineth from 

<lb/>their <emph type="italics"/>Vertex<emph.end type="italics"/> or Zenith towards the South; and on the contrary, 

<lb/>to all the inhabitants of the Parallels that are beneath E F, to&shy;

<lb/>wards the Equinoctial C D, and the South Pole B, the Meridian 

<lb/>Sun is elevated beyond their <emph type="italics"/>Vertex<emph.end type="italics"/> towards the North Pole A. 

<lb/>Next, it is vi&longs;ible that of all the Parallels, only the greate&longs;t C D 

<lb/>is cut in equal parts by the Terminator of the light I M. </s><s>But 

<lb/>the re&longs;t, that are beneath and above the &longs;aid grand circle, are all 

<lb/>inter&longs;ected in parts unequal: and of the &longs;uperiour ones, the &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>midiurnal arches, namely tho&longs;e of the part of the Terre&longs;trial &longs;ur&shy;

<lb/>face, illu&longs;trated by the Sun, are bigger than the &longs;eminocturnal 

<lb/>ones that remain in the dark: and the contrary befalls in the 

<lb/>remainder, that are under the great one C D, towards the pole B, 

<lb/>of which the &longs;emidiurnal arches are le&longs;&longs;er than the &longs;eminocturnal, 

<lb/>It is likewi&longs;e apparently manife&longs;t, that the differences of the &longs;aid 

<lb/>arches go augmenting, according as the Parallels are neerer to 

<lb/>the Poles, till &longs;uch time as the parallel I K comes to be wholly in 

<lb/>the part illuminated, and the inhabitants thereof have a day of 

<lb/>twenty four hours long, without any night; and on the contrary, 

<lb/>the Parallel L M, remaining all in ob&longs;curity, hath a night of 

<lb/>twenty four hours, without any day. </s><s>Come we next to the 

<lb/>third Figure of the Earth, placed with its centre in the point 

<lb/>Cancer, where the Sun &longs;eemeth to be in the fir&longs;t point of Ca&shy;

<lb/>pricorn. </s><s>We have already &longs;een very manife&longs;tly, that by rea&longs;on 

<lb/>the Axis A B doth not change inclination, but continueth paral&shy;

<lb/>lel to it &longs;elf, the a&longs;pect and &longs;ituation of the Earth is the &longs;ame to 

<lb/>an hair with that in the fir&longs;t Figure; &longs;ave onely that that Hemi&shy;

<lb/>&longs;phere which in the fir&longs;t was illuminated by the Sun, in this re&shy;

<lb/>maineth obtenebrated, and that cometh to be luminous, which in 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/368.jpg" pagenum="358"/>the fir&longs;t was tenebrous: whereupon that which happened before 

<lb/>concerning the differences of dayes and nights, touching the 

<lb/>dayes being greater or le&longs;&longs;er than the nights, now falls out quite 

<lb/>contrary. </s><s>And fir&longs;t, we &longs;ee, that whereas in the fir&longs;t Figure the 

<lb/>circle I K was wholly in the light, it is now wholly in the dark; 

<lb/>and the oppo&longs;ite arch L M is now wholly in the light, which 

<lb/>was before wholly in the dark. </s><s>Of the parallels between the 

<lb/>grand circle C D, and the Pole A, the &longs;emidiurnal arches are now 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;er than the &longs;eminocturnal, which before were the contrary. 

<lb/></s><s>Of the others likewi&longs;e towards the Pole B, the &longs;emidiurnal arch&shy;

<lb/>es are now bigger than the &longs;eminocturnal, the contrary to what 

<lb/>happened in the other po&longs;ition of the Earth. </s><s>We now &longs;ee the 

<lb/>Sun made vertical to the inhabitants of the Tropick G N, and to 

<lb/>be depre&longs;&longs;ed towards the South, with tho&longs;e of the Parallel E F, 

<lb/>by all the arch E C G, that is, 47 degrees; and in &longs;umme, to have 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;ed from one to the other Tropick, traver&longs;ing the Equinoctial, 

<lb/>elevating and declining in the Meridians the &longs;aid &longs;pace of 47 de&shy;

<lb/>grees. </s><s>And all this mutation is derived not from the inclination 

<lb/>or elevation of the Earth, but on the contrary, from its not in&shy;

<lb/>clining or elevating at all; and in a word, by continuing always 

<lb/>in the &longs;ame po&longs;ition, in re&longs;pect of the Univer&longs;e, onely with turn&shy;

<lb/>ing about the Sun &longs;ituate iu the mid&longs;t of the &longs;aid plane, in which 

<lb/>it moveth it &longs;elf about circularly with its annual motion. </s><s>And 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg682"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>here is to be noted an admirable accident, which is, that like as 

<lb/>the Axis of the Earth con&longs;erving the &longs;ame direction towards the 

<lb/>Univer&longs;e, or we may &longs;ay, towards the highe&longs;t Sphere of the fixed 

<lb/>&longs;tars, cau&longs;eth the Sun to appear to elevate and incline &longs;o great a 

<lb/>&longs;pace, namely, for 47 degrees, and the fixed Stars to incline or e&shy;

<lb/>levate nothing at all; &longs;o, on the contrary, if the &longs;ame Axis of 

<lb/>the Earth &longs;hould maintain it &longs;elf continually in the &longs;ame inclina&shy;

<lb/>tion towards the Sun, or, if you will, towards the Axis of the 

<lb/>Zodiack, no mutation would appear to be made in the Sun about 

<lb/>its elevating or declining, whereupon the inhabitants of one and 

<lb/>the &longs;ame place would alwayes have one and the &longs;ame difference 

<lb/>of dayes and nights, and one and the &longs;ame con&longs;titution of Sea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ons, that is, &longs;ome alwayes Winter, others alwayes Summer, 

<lb/>others Spring, &amp;c. </s><s>but, on the contrary, the alterations in the 

<lb/>fixed Stars would appear very great, as touching their elevation, 

<lb/>and inclination to us, which would amount to the &longs;ame 47 de&shy;

<lb/>grees. </s><s>For the under&longs;tanding of which let us return to con&longs;ider 

<lb/>the po&longs;ition of the Earth, in its fir&longs;t Figure, where we &longs;ee the 

<lb/>Axis A B, with the &longs;uperiour Pole A, to incline towards the Sun; 

<lb/>but in its third Figure, the &longs;ame Axis having kept the &longs;ame dire&shy;

<lb/>ction towards the highe&longs;t Sphere, by keeping parallel to it &longs;elf, 

<lb/>inclines no longer towards the Sun with its &longs;uperiour Pole A, but 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/369.jpg" pagenum="359"/>on the contrary reclines from its former po&longs;ition <emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> 47. and in&shy;

<lb/>clineth towards the oppo&longs;ite part, &longs;o that to re&longs;tore the &longs;ame in&shy;

<lb/>clination of the &longs;aid Pole A towards the Sun, it would be requi&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ite by turning round the Terre&longs;trial Globe, according to the 

<lb/>circumference A C B D, to tran&longs;port it towards E tho&longs;e &longs;ame 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> 47. and for &longs;o many degrees, any what&longs;oever fixed &longs;tar ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erved in the Meridian, would appear to be elevated, or inclined. 

<lb/></s><s>Let us come now to the explanation of that which remains, and 

<lb/>let us con&longs;ider the Earth placed in the fourth Figure, that is, 

<lb/>with its centre in the fir&longs;t point of Libra; upon which the Sun 

<lb/>will appear in the beginning of Aries. </s><s>And becau&longs;e the Axis of 

<lb/><figure id="id.065.01.369.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/369/1.jpg"/>

<lb/>the Earth, which in the fir&longs;t Figure is &longs;uppo&longs;ed to be inclined up&shy;

<lb/>on the diameter Capricorn Cancer, and therefore to be in that 

<lb/>&longs;ame plane, which cutting the plane of the grand Orb, accor&shy;

<lb/>ding to the line Capricorn Cancer, was erected perpendicularly 

<lb/>upon the &longs;ame, tran&longs;po&longs;ed into the fourth Figure, and maintai&shy;

<lb/>ned, as hath alwayes been &longs;aid, parallel to it &longs;elf, it &longs;hall come 

<lb/>to be in a plane in like manner erected to the &longs;uperficies of 

<lb/>the Grand Orbe, and parallel to the plane, which at right 

<lb/>angles cuts the &longs;ame &longs;uperficies, according to the diameter Ca&shy;

<lb/>pricorn Cancer. </s><s>And therefore the line which goeth from 

<lb/>the centre of the Sunne to the centre of the Earth, that is, 

<lb/>O Libra, &longs;hall be perpendicular to the Axis BA: but the 

<lb/>&longs;ame line which goeth from the centre of the Sunne to the 

<lb/>centre of the Earth, is al&longs;o alwayes perpendicular to the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/370.jpg" pagenum="360"/>circle that is the Terminator of the light; therefore this &longs;ame 

<lb/>circle &longs;hall pa&longs;&longs;e by the Poles A B in the fourth figure, and 

<lb/>in its plain the Axis A B &longs;hall fall, but the greate&longs;t circle pa&longs;&longs;ing 

<lb/>by the Poles of the Parallels, divideth them all in equal parts; 

<lb/>therefore the arches I K, E F, C D, G N, L M, &longs;hall be all 

<lb/>&longs;emicircles, and the illumin'd Hemi&longs;phere &longs;hall be this which 

<lb/>looketh towards us, and the Sun, and the Terminator of the 

<lb/>light &longs;hall be one and the &longs;ame circle A C B D, and the Earth 

<lb/>being in this place &longs;hall make it Equinoctial to all its Inhabitants. 

<lb/></s><s>And the &longs;ame happeneth in the &longs;econd figure, where the Earth 

<lb/>having its illuminated Hemi&longs;phere towards the Sun, &longs;heweth us 

<lb/>the other that is ob&longs;cure, with its nocturnal arches, which in 

<lb/>like manner are all &longs;emicircles, and con&longs;equently, here al&longs;o it 

<lb/>maketh the Equinoctial. </s><s>And la&longs;tly in regard that the line pro&shy;

<lb/>duced from the centre of the Sun to the centre of the Earth, is 

<lb/>perpendicular to the Axis A B, to which the greate&longs;t circle of 

<lb/>the parallels C D, is likewi&longs;e erect, the &longs;aid line O <emph type="italics"/>Libra<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hall 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;e of nece&longs;&longs;ity by the &longs;ame Plain of the parallel C D, cutting 

<lb/>its circumference in the mid&longs;t of the diurnal arch C D; and 

<lb/>therefore the Snn &longs;hall be vertical to any one that &longs;hall &longs;tand 

<lb/>where that inter&longs;ection is made; but all the Inhabitants of that 

<lb/>Parallel &longs;hall pa&longs;&longs;e the &longs;ame, as being carried about by the 

<lb/>Earths diurnal conver&longs;ion; therefore all the&longs; upon that day 

<lb/>&longs;hall have the Meridian Sun in their vertex. </s><s>And the Sun at the 

<lb/>&longs;ame time to all the Inhabitants of the Earth &longs;hall &longs;eem to de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cribe the Grand Parallel called the Equinoctial. </s><s>Furthermore, 

<lb/>fora&longs;much as the Earth being in both the Sol&longs;titial points of the 

<lb/>Polar circles I K and L M, the one is wholly in the light, and 

<lb/>the other wholly in the dark; but when the Earth is in the Equi&shy;

<lb/>noctial points, the halves of tho&longs;e &longs;ame polar circles are in the 

<lb/>light, the remainder of them being in the dark; it &longs;hould not 

<lb/>be hard to under&longs;tand, how that the Earth <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> from <emph type="italics"/>Cancer<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>(where the parallel I K is wholly in the dark) to <emph type="italics"/>Leo,<emph.end type="italics"/> one part of 

<lb/>the parallel towards the point I, beginneth to enter into the light, 

<lb/>and that the Terminator of the light I M beginneth to retreat to&shy;

<lb/>wards the Pole AB, inter&longs;ecting the circle ACBD nolonger in IM, 

<lb/>but in two other points falling between the terms I A and MB, of 

<lb/>the arches IA and M B; whereupon the Inhabitants of the circle 

<lb/>begin to enjoy the light, and the other Inhabitants of the circle 

<lb/>L M to partake of night. </s><s>And thus you &longs;ee that by two &longs;imple 

<lb/>motions made in times proportionate to their bigne&longs;&longs;es, and not 

<lb/>contrary to one another, but performed, as all others that be&shy;

<lb/>long to moveable mundane bodies, from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t a&longs;&longs;igned 

<lb/>to the Terre&longs;trial Globe, adequate rea&longs;ons are rendred of all 

<lb/>tho&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>Ph&aelig;nomena<emph.end type="italics"/> or appearances, for the accommodating of 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/371.jpg" pagenum="361"/>which to the &longs;tability of the Earth it is nece&longs;&longs;ary (for&longs;aking that 

<lb/>Symetry which is ob&longs;erved to be between the velocities and mag&shy;

<lb/>nitudes of moveables) to a&longs;cribe to a Sphere, va&longs;t above all 

<lb/>others, an unconceiveable celerity, whil&longs;t the other le&longs;&longs;er 

<lb/>Spheres move extream &longs;lowly; and which is more, to make that 

<lb/>motion contrary to all their motions; and, yet again to adde to 

<lb/>the improbability, to make that &longs;uperiour Sphere forcibly to 

<lb/>tran&longs;port all the inferionr ones along with it contrary to their 

<lb/>proper inclination. </s><s>And here I refer it to your judgment to de&shy;

<lb/>termine which of the two is the mo&longs;t probable.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg681"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Suns an&shy;

<lb/>nual motion, how 

<lb/>it comes to pa&longs;&longs;e, 

<lb/>according to<emph.end type="italics"/> Co&shy;

<lb/>pernicus.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg682"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An admirable 

<lb/>accident depending 

<lb/>on the not inclining 

<lb/>of the Earths axis<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>To me, as far as concerneth &longs;en&longs;e, there appeareth 

<lb/>no &longs;mall difference betwixt the &longs;implicity and facility of opera&shy;

<lb/>ting effects by the means a&longs;&longs;igned in this new con&longs;titution, and 

<lb/>the multiplicity, con&longs;ufion, and difficulty, that is found in the 

<lb/>ancient and commonly received Hypothe&longs;is. </s><s>For if the Univer&longs;e 

<lb/>were di&longs;po&longs;ed according to this multiplicity, it would be ne&shy;

<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ary to renounce many Maximes in Philo&longs;ophy commonly re&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg683"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ceived by Philo&longs;ophers, as for in&longs;tance, That Nature doth 

<lb/>not multiply things without nece&longs;&longs;ity; and, That She makes u&longs;e 

<lb/>of the mo&longs;t facile and &longs;imple means in producing her effects; 

<lb/>and, That She doth nothing in vain, and the like. </s><s>I do confe&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>that I never heard any thing more admirable than this, nor can I 

<lb/>believe that Humane Under&longs;tanding ever penetrated a more 

<lb/>&longs;ublime &longs;peculation. </s><s>I know not what <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> may think 

<lb/>of it.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg683"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Axiomes com&shy;

<lb/>monly admitted by 

<lb/>all Philo&longs;ophers.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The&longs;e (if I may &longs;peak my judgment freely) do &longs;eem 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg684"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>to me &longs;ome of tho&longs;e Geometrical &longs;ubtilties which <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> finds 

<lb/>fault with in <emph type="italics"/>Plato,<emph.end type="italics"/> when he accu&longs;eth him that by his too 

<lb/>much &longs;tudying of Geometry he for&longs;ook &longs;olid Philo&longs;ophy; and I 

<lb/>have known and heard very great <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Philo&longs;ophers to 

<lb/>di&longs;&longs;wade their Scholars from the Study of the Mathematicks, as 

<lb/>tho&longs;e that render the wit cavilous, and unable to philo&longs;ophate 

<lb/>well; an In&longs;titute diametrically contrary to that of <emph type="italics"/>Plato,<emph.end type="italics"/> who 

<lb/>admitted uone to Philo&longs;ophy, unle&longs;&longs;e he was fir&longs;t well entered in 

<lb/>Geometry.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg684"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>tax&shy;

<lb/>eth<emph.end type="italics"/> Plato <emph type="italics"/>for being 

<lb/>too &longs;tudious of Ge&shy;

<lb/>ometry.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I commend the policy of the&longs;e your <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks,<emph.end type="italics"/> in 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg685"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>dehorting their Di&longs;ciples from the Study of Geometry, for that 

<lb/>there is no art more commodious for detecting their fallacies; but 

<lb/>&longs;ee how they differ from the Mathematical Philo&longs;ophers, who 

<lb/>much more willingly conver&longs;e with tho&longs;e that are well ver&longs;t in 

<lb/>the commune Peripatetick Philo&longs;ophy, than with tho&longs;e that are 

<lb/>de&longs;titute of that knowledg, who for want thereof cannot di&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tingui&longs;h between doctrine and doctrine. </s><s>But pa&longs;&longs;ing by this, tell 

<lb/>me I be&longs;eech you, what are tho&longs;e extravagancies and tho&longs;e too 

<lb/>affected &longs;ubtilties that make you think this <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> Sy&longs;teme 

<lb/>the le&longs;&longs;e plau&longs;ible?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/372.jpg" pagenum="362"/><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg685"></margin.target>Peripatetick <emph type="italics"/>Phi&shy;

<lb/>lo&longs;ophers condemn 

<lb/>the Study of Geo&shy;

<lb/>metry, and why.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>To tell you true, I do not very well know; perhaps, 

<lb/>becau&longs;e I have not &longs;o much as learnt the rea&longs;ons that are by <emph type="italics"/>Ftolo&shy;

<lb/>my<emph.end type="italics"/> produced, of tho&longs;e effects, I mean of tho&longs;e &longs;tations, retrogra&shy;

<lb/>dations, acce&longs;&longs;ions, rece&longs;&longs;ions of the Planets; lengthenings and 

<lb/>&longs;hortnings of dayes, changes of &longs;ea&longs;ons, &amp;c. </s><s>But omitting the 

<lb/>con&longs;equences that depend on the fir&longs;t &longs;uppo&longs;itions, I find in the 

<lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;itions them&longs;elves no &longs;mall difficulties; which &longs;uppo&longs;itions, 

<lb/>if once they be overthrown, they draw along with them the ruine 

<lb/>of the whole fabrick. </s><s>Now fora&longs;much as becau&longs;e the whole 

<lb/>module of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;eemeth in my opinion to be built upon in&shy;

<lb/>firm foundations, in that it relyeth upon the mobility of the earth, 

<lb/>if this &longs;hould happen to be di&longs;proved, there would be no need of 

<lb/>farther di&longs;pute. </s><s>And to di&longs;prove this, the Axiom of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>is in my judgment mo&longs;t &longs;ufficient, That of one &longs;imple body, 

<lb/>one &longs;ole &longs;imple motion can be natural: but here in this ca&longs;e, to 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg686"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the Earth, a &longs;imple body, there are a&longs;&longs;igned 3. if not 4. motions, 

<lb/>and all very different from each other. </s><s>For be&longs;ides the light 

<lb/>motion, as a grave body towards its centre, which cannot be de&shy;

<lb/>nied it, there is a&longs;&longs;igned to it a circular motion in a great circle 

<lb/>about the Sun in a year, and a vertiginous conver&longs;ion about its 

<lb/>own centre in twenty four hours. </s><s>And that in the next place 

<lb/>which is more exorbitant, &amp; which happly for that rea&longs;on you pa&longs;s 

<lb/>over in &longs;ilence, there is a&longs;cribed to it another revolution about 

<lb/>its own centre, contrary to the former of twenty four hours, 

<lb/>and which fini&longs;heth its period in a year. </s><s>In this my under&longs;tand&shy;

<lb/>ing apprehendeth a very great contradiction.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg687"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg686"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Four &longs;everal 

<lb/>motions a&longs;&longs;igned to 

<lb/>the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg687"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motion of 

<lb/>de&longs;cent belongs not 

<lb/>to the terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe, but to its 

<lb/>parts.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>As to the motion of de&longs;cent, it hath already been con&shy;

<lb/>cluded not to belong to the Terre&longs;trial Globe which did never 

<lb/>move with any &longs;uch motion, nor never &longs;hall do; but is (if there be 

<lb/>&longs;uch a thing) that propen&longs;ion of its parts to reunite them&longs;elves 

<lb/>to their whole. </s><s>As, in the next place, to the Annual motion, </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg688"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>and the Diurnal, the&longs;e being both made towards one way, are 

<lb/>very compatible, in the &longs;ame manner ju&longs;t as if we &longs;hould let a 

<lb/>Ball trundle downwards upon a declining &longs;uperficies, it would in 

<lb/>its de&longs;cent along the &longs;ame &longs;pontaneou&longs;ly revolve in it &longs;elf. </s><s>As 

<lb/>to the third motion a&longs;&longs;igned it by <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> namely about it 

<lb/>&longs;elf in a year, onely to keep its Axis inclined and directed 

<lb/>towards the &longs;ame part of the Firmament, I will tell you a thing 

<lb/>worthy of great con&longs;ideration: namely <emph type="italics"/>ut tantum abe&longs;t<emph.end type="italics"/> (although 

<lb/>it be made contrary to the other annual) it is &longs;o far from having 

<lb/>any repugnance or difficulty in it, that naturally and without any 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg689"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>moving cau&longs;e, it agreeth to any what&longs;oever &longs;u&longs;pended and libra&shy;

<lb/>ted body, which if it &longs;hall be carried round in the circumference 

<lb/>of a circle, immediate of it &longs;elf, it acquireth a conver&longs;ion about 

<lb/>its own centre, contrary to that which carrieth it about, and of 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/373.jpg" pagenum="363"/>&longs;uch velocity, that they both fini&longs;h one revolution in the &longs;ame 

<lb/>time preci&longs;ely. </s><s>You may &longs;ee this admirable, and to our pur&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg690"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>po&longs;e accommodate experience, if putting in a Ba&longs;on of water a 

<lb/>Ball that will &longs;wim; and holding the Ba&longs;on in your hand, you 

<lb/>turn round upon your toe, for you &longs;hall immediatly &longs;ee the Ball 

<lb/>begin to revolve in it &longs;elf with a motion, contrary to that of the 

<lb/>Ba&longs;on, and it &longs;hall fini&longs;h its revolution, when that of the Ba&longs;on it 

<lb/>&longs;hall fini&longs;h. </s><s>Now what other is the Earth than a pen&longs;il Globe 

<lb/>librated in tenuous and yielding aire, which being carried a&shy;

<lb/>bout in a year along the circumference of a great circle, mu&longs;t 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg691"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>needs acquire, without any other mover, a revolution about its 

<lb/>own centre, annual, and yet contrary to the other motion in like 

<lb/>manner annual? </s><s>You &longs;hall &longs;ee this effect I &longs;ay, but if afterwards 

<lb/>you more narrowly con&longs;ider it, you &longs;hall find this to be no real 

<lb/>thing, but a meer appearance; and that which you think to be 

<lb/>a revolution in it &longs;elf, you will find to be a not moving at all, 

<lb/>but a continuing altogether immoveable in re&longs;pect of all that 

<lb/>which without you, and without the ve&longs;&longs;el is immoveable: for if in 

<lb/>that Ball you &longs;hall make &longs;ome mark, and con&longs;ider to what part of 

<lb/>the Room where you are, or of the Field, or of Heaven it is 

<lb/>&longs;ituate, you &longs;hall &longs;ee that mark in yours, and the ve&longs;&longs;els revolu&shy;

<lb/>tion to look alwayes towards that &longs;ame part; but comparing it to 

<lb/>the ve&longs;&longs;el and to your &longs;elf that are moveable, it will appear to go 

<lb/>altering its direction, and with a motion contrary to yours, and 

<lb/>that of the ve&longs;&longs;el, to go &longs;eeking all the points of its circumgyra&shy;

<lb/>tion; &longs;o that with more rea&longs;on you and the ba&longs;on may be &longs;aid 

<lb/>to turn round the immoveable Ball, than that it moveth round 

<lb/>in the ba&longs;on. </s><s>In the &longs;ame manner the Earth &longs;u&longs;pended and li&shy;

<lb/>brated in the circumference of the Grand Orbe, and &longs;cituate in 

<lb/>&longs;uch &longs;ort that one of its notes, as for example, its North Pole, loo&shy;

<lb/>keth towards &longs;uch a Star or other part of the Firmament, it always 

<lb/>keepeth directed towards the &longs;ame, although carried round by 

<lb/>the annual motion about the circumference of the &longs;aid Grand 

<lb/>Orbe. </s><s>This alone is &longs;ufficient to make the Wonder cea&longs;e, and 

<lb/>to remove all difficulties. </s><s>But what will <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ay, if to 

<lb/>this non-indigence of the co-operating cau&longs;e we &longs;hould adde 

<lb/>an admirable intrin&longs;ick vertue of the Terre&longs;trial Globe, of look&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg692"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ing with its determinate parts towards determinate parts of the 

<lb/>Firmament, I &longs;peak of the Magnetick vertue con&longs;tantly partici&shy;

<lb/>pated by any what&longs;oever piece of Loade-&longs;tone. </s><s>And if every 

<lb/>minute particle of that S one have in it &longs;uch a vertue, who will 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg693"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>que&longs;tion but that the &longs;ame more powerfully re&longs;ides in this whole 

<lb/>Terre&longs;trial Globe, abounding in that Magnetick matter, and 

<lb/>which happily it &longs;elf, as to its internal and primary &longs;ub&longs;tance, is 

<lb/>nothing el&longs;e but a huge ma&longs;&longs;e of Loade-&longs;tone.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/374.jpg" pagenum="364"/><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg688"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The annual and 

<lb/>diurnal motion are 

<lb/>compatible in the 

<lb/>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg689"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Every pen&longs;il and 

<lb/>librated, body car&shy;

<lb/>ryed round in the 

<lb/>circumference of a 

<lb/>circle, acquireth of 

<lb/>it &longs;elf a motion in 

<lb/>it &longs;elf contrary to 

<lb/>that.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg690"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An Experiment 

<lb/>which &longs;en&longs;ibly 

<lb/>&longs;hews that two con&shy;

<lb/>trary motions may 

<lb/>naturally agree in

<lb/>the &longs;ame move&shy;

<lb/>able.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg691"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The third motion 

<lb/>a&longs;cribed to the 

<lb/>Earth is rather 

<lb/>re&longs;ting immove&shy;

<lb/>able.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg692"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An admirable 

<lb/>intern vert&oelig;e of the 

<lb/>terre&longs;trial Globe of 

<lb/>alwayes beholding 

<lb/>the &longs;ame part of 

<lb/>Heaven.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg693"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The terre&longs;tri&aelig;l 

<lb/>Globe made of 

<lb/>Loade-&longs;tone.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Then you are one of tho&longs;e it &longs;eems that hold the Mag&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg694"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>netick Phylo&longs;ophy <emph type="italics"/>William<emph.end type="italics"/> ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Gilbert.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg694"></margin.target>An eminent 

<lb/>Doctor of Phy&longs;ick, 

<lb/>our Countreyman, 

<lb/>born at <emph type="italics"/>Colohe&longs;ter,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and famous for this 

<lb/>his learned Trea&shy;

<lb/>ti&longs;e, publi&longs;hed a&shy;

<lb/>bout 60 years &longs;ince 

<lb/>at <emph type="italics"/>London, The 

<lb/>Magnetick Phi&shy;

<lb/>lo&longs;ophy of<emph.end type="italics"/> William 

<lb/>Gilbert.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am for certain, and think that all tho&longs;e that have 

<lb/>&longs;eriou&longs;ly read his Book, and tried his experiments, will bear me 

<lb/>company therein; nor &longs;hould I de&longs;pair, that what hath befallen 

<lb/>me in this ca&longs;e, might po&longs;&longs;ibly happen to you al&longs;o, if &longs;o be a cu&shy;

<lb/>rio&longs;ity, like to mine, and a notice that infinite things in Nature 

<lb/>are &longs;till conceal'd from the wits of mankind, by delivering you 

<lb/>from being captivated by this or that particular writer in natural 

<lb/>things, &longs;hould but &longs;lacken the reines of your Rea&longs;on, and mol&shy;

<lb/>lifie the contumacy and tenaceou&longs;ne&longs;&longs;e of your &longs;en&longs;e; &longs;o as that 

<lb/>they would not refu&longs;e to hearken &longs;ometimes to novelties never 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg695"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>before &longs;poken of. </s><s>But (permit me to u&longs;e this phra&longs;e) the pu&longs;illa&shy;

<lb/>nimity of vulgar Wits is come to that pa&longs;&longs;e, that not only like 

<lb/>blind men, they make a gift, nay tribute of their own a&longs;&longs;ent to 

<lb/>what&longs;oever they find written by tho&longs;e Authours, which in the 

<lb/>infancy of their Studies were laid before them, as authentick by 

<lb/>their Tutors, but refu&longs;e to hear (not to &longs;ay examine) any new 

<lb/>Propo&longs;ition or Probleme, although it not only never hath been 

<lb/>confuted, but not &longs;o much as examined or con&longs;idered by their 

<lb/>Authours. </s><s>Among&longs;t which, one is this, of inve&longs;tigating what is 

<lb/>the true, proper, primary, interne, and general matter and &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance of this our Terre&longs;trial Globe; For although it never came 

<lb/>into the mind either of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> or of any one el&longs;e, before <emph type="italics"/>Wil&shy;

<lb/>liam Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"/> to think that it might be a Magnet, &longs;o far are <emph type="italics"/>Ari&shy;

<lb/>&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> and the re&longs;t from confuting this opinion, yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>I have met with many, that at the very fir&longs;t mention of it, as a 

<lb/>Hor&longs;e at his own &longs;hadow, have &longs;tart back, and refu&longs;ed to di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cour&longs;e thereof, and cen&longs;ured the conceipt for a vain <emph type="italics"/>Chym&aelig;ra,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>yea, for a &longs;olemn madne&longs;&longs;e: and its po&longs;&longs;ible the Book of <emph type="italics"/>Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>had never come to my hands, if a Peripatetick Philo&longs;opher, of great 

<lb/>fame, as I believe, to free his Library from its contagion, had not 

<lb/>given it me.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg695"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Pu&longs;illani&shy;

<lb/>mity of Popular 

<lb/>Wits.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. I, who ingenuou&longs;ly confe&longs;&longs;e my &longs;elf to be one of 

<lb/>tho&longs;e vulgar Wits, and never till within the&longs;e few dayes that I 

<lb/>have been admitted to a &longs;hare in your conferences, could I pre&shy;

<lb/>tend to have in the lea&longs;t withdrawn from tho&longs;e trite and popu&shy;

<lb/>lar paths, yet, for all that, I think I have advantaged my &longs;elf &longs;o 

<lb/>much, as that I could without much trouble or difficulty, ma&longs;ter 

<lb/>the roughne&longs;&longs;es of the&longs;e novel and fanta&longs;tical opinions.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If that which <emph type="italics"/>Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"/> writeth be true, then is it no o&shy;

<lb/>pinion, but the &longs;ubject of Science; nor is it new, but as antient 

<lb/>as the Earth it &longs;elf; nor can it (being true) be rugged or diffi&shy;

<lb/>cult, but plain and ea&longs;ie; and when you plea&longs;e I &longs;hall make you 

<lb/>feel the &longs;ame in your hand, for that you of your &longs;elf fancy it to 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/375.jpg" pagenum="365"/>be a Gho&longs;t, and &longs;tand in fear of that which hath nothing in it of 

<lb/>dreadfull, like as a little child doth fear the Hobgoblin, without 

<lb/>knowing any more of it, &longs;ave the name; as that which be&longs;ides 

<lb/>the name is nothing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I &longs;hould be glad to be informed, and reclaimed from 

<lb/>an errour.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>An&longs;wer me then to the que&longs;tions that I &longs;hall ask you. 

<lb/></s><s>And fir&longs;t of all, Tell me whether you believe, that this our Globe, 

<lb/>which we inhabit and call Earth, con&longs;i&longs;teth of one &longs;ole and &longs;im&shy;

<lb/>ple matter, or el&longs;e that it is an aggregate of matters different 

<lb/>from each other.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I &longs;ee it to be compo&longs;ed of &longs;ub&longs;tances and bodies very 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg696"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>different; and fir&longs;t, for the greate&longs;t parts of the compo&longs;ition, 

<lb/>I &longs;ee the Water and the Earth, which extreamly differ from one 

<lb/>another.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg696"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The<emph.end type="italics"/> Terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe <emph type="italics"/>compo&longs;ed of 

<lb/>&longs;undry matters.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAIV. </s><s>Let us, for this once, lay a&longs;ide the Seas and other Wa&shy;

<lb/>ters, and let us con&longs;ider the &longs;olid parts, and tell me, if you think 

<lb/>them one and the &longs;ame thing, or el&longs;e different.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>As to appearance, I &longs;ee that they are different things, 

<lb/>there being very great heaps of unfruitful &longs;ands, and others of 

<lb/>fruitful &longs;oiles; There are infinite &longs;harp and &longs;teril mountains, full 

<lb/>of hard &longs;tones and quarries of &longs;everal kinds, as Porphyre, Ala&shy;

<lb/>bla&longs;ter, Ja&longs;per, and a thou&longs;and other kinds of Marbles: There 

<lb/>are va&longs;t Minerals of &longs;o many kinds of metals; and in a word, 

<lb/>&longs;uch varieties of matters, that a whole day would not &longs;uffice on&shy;

<lb/>ly to enumerate them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now of all the&longs;e different matters, do you think, 

<lb/>that in the compo&longs;ition of this grand ma&longs;&longs;e, there do concur por&shy;

<lb/>tions, or el&longs;e that among&longs;t them all there is one part that far ex&shy;

<lb/>ceeds the re&longs;t, and is as it were the matter and &longs;ub&longs;tance of the 

<lb/>immen&longs;e lump?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe that the Stones, Marbles, Metals, Gems, and 

<lb/>the &longs;o many other &longs;everal matters are as it were Jewels, and ex&shy;

<lb/>teriour and &longs;uperficial Ornaments of the primary Globe, which 

<lb/>in gro&longs;&longs;e, as I believe, doth without compare exceed all the&longs;e 

<lb/>things put together.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And this principal and va&longs;t ma&longs;&longs;e, of which tho&longs;e 

<lb/>things above named are as it were excre&longs;&longs;ences and ornaments, of 

<lb/>what matter do you think that it is compo&longs;ed?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think that it is the &longs;imple, or le&longs;&longs;e impure element of 

<lb/>Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But what do you under&longs;tand by Earth? </s><s>Is it haply 

<lb/>that which is di&longs;per&longs;ed all over the fields, which is broke up with 

<lb/>Mattocks and Ploughs, wherein we &longs;owe corne, and plant fruits, 

<lb/>and in which great bo&longs;cages grow up, without the help of cul&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/376.jpg" pagenum="366"/>ture, and which is, in a word, the habitation of all animals, and 

<lb/>the womb of all vegetables?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Tis this that I would affirm to be the &longs;ub&longs;tance of this 

<lb/>our Globe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But in this you do, in my judgment, affirm that which 

<lb/>is not right: for this Earth which is broke up, is &longs;owed, and is 

<lb/>fertile, is but one part, and that very &longs;mall of the &longs;urface of the 

<lb/>Globe, which doth not go very deep, yea, its depth is very &longs;mall, 

<lb/>in compari&longs;on of the di&longs;tance to the centre: and experience 

<lb/>&longs;heweth us, that one &longs;hall not dig very low, but one &longs;hall finde 

<lb/>matters very different from this exteriour &longs;curf, more &longs;olid, and 

<lb/>not good for the production of vegetables. </s><s>Be&longs;ides the interne 

<lb/>parts, as being compre&longs;&longs;ed by very huge weights that lie upon 

<lb/>them, are, in all probability, &longs;lived, and made as hard as any 

<lb/>hard rock. </s><s>One may adde to this, that fecundity would be in 

<lb/>vain conferred upon tho&longs;e matters which never were de&longs;igned to 

<lb/>bear fruit, but to re&longs;t eternally buried in the profound and dark 

<lb/>aby&longs;&longs;es of the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But who &longs;hall a&longs;&longs;ure us, that the parts more inward 

<lb/>and near to the centre are unfruitful? </s><s>They al&longs;o may, perhaps, 

<lb/>have their productions of things unknown to us?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You may a&longs;well be a&longs;&longs;ured thereof, as any man el&longs;e, 

<lb/>as being very capable to comprehend, that if the integral bodies 

<lb/>of the Univer&longs;e be produced onely for the benefit of Mankind, 

<lb/>this above all the re&longs;t ought to be de&longs;tin d to the &longs;ole convenien&shy;

<lb/>ces of us its inhabitants. </s><s>But what bene&longs;it can we draw from 

<lb/>matters &longs;o hid and remote from us, as that we &longs;hall never be a&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg697"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ble to make u&longs;e of them? </s><s>Therefore the interne &longs;ub&longs;tance of 

<lb/>this our Globe cannot be a matter frangible, di&longs;&longs;ipable, and non&shy;

<lb/>coherent, like this &longs;uperficial part which we call ^{*} EARTH: but 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg698"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>it mu&longs;t, of nece&longs;&longs;ity, be a mo&longs;t den&longs;e and &longs;olid body, and in a 

<lb/>word, a mo&longs;t hard &longs;tone. </s><s>And, if it ought to be &longs;o, what rea&longs;on 

<lb/>is there that &longs;hould make you more &longs;crupulous to believe that it 

<lb/>is a Load&longs;tone than a Porphiry, a Ja&longs;per, or other hard Mar&shy;

<lb/>ble? </s><s>Happily if <emph type="italics"/>Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"/> had written, that this Globe is all com&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg699"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>pounded within of ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Pietra Serena,<emph.end type="italics"/> or of <emph type="italics"/>Chalcedon,<emph.end type="italics"/> the paradox 

<lb/>would have &longs;eemed to you le&longs;&longs;e exorbitant?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg697"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The interne parts 

<lb/>of the terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe mu&longs;t of ne&shy;

<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;ity be &longs;olid.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg698"></margin.target>* Or MOULD.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg699"></margin.target>Of which with 

<lb/>the Latin tran&longs;la&shy;

<lb/>tour, I mu&longs;t once 

<lb/>more profe&longs;&longs;e my 

<lb/>&longs;elf ignorant.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>That the parts of this Globe more intern are more 

<lb/>compre&longs;&longs;ed, and &longs;o more &longs;lived together and &longs;olid, and more 

<lb/>and more &longs;o, according as they lie lower, I do grant, and &longs;o 

<lb/>likewi&longs;e doth <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> but that they degenerate and become 

<lb/>other than Earth, of the &longs;ame &longs;ort with this of the &longs;uperficial 

<lb/>parts, I &longs;ee nothing that obliege h me to believe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I undertook not this di&longs;cour&longs;e with an intent to prove 

<lb/>demon&longs;tratively that the primary and real &longs;ub&longs;tance of this our 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/377.jpg" pagenum="367"/>Globe is Load-&longs;tone; but onely to &longs;hew that no rea&longs;on could be 

<lb/>given why one &longs;hould be more unwilling to grant that it is of 

<lb/>Load-&longs;tone, than of &longs;ome other matter. </s><s>And if you will but 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg700"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;eriou&longs;ly con&longs;ider, you &longs;hall find that it is not improbable, that 

<lb/>one &longs;ole, pure, and arbitrary name, hath moved men to think 

<lb/>that it con&longs;i&longs;ts of Earth; and that is their having made u&longs;e com&shy;

<lb/>monly from the beginning of this word Earth, as well to &longs;igni&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ie that matter which is plowed and &longs;owed, as to name this our 

<lb/>Globe. </s><s>The denomination of which if it had been taken from 

<lb/>&longs;tone, as that it might as well have been taken from that as 

<lb/>from the Earth; the &longs;aying that its primary &longs;ub&longs;tance was &longs;tone, 

<lb/>would doubtle&longs;&longs;e have found no &longs;cruple or oppo&longs;ition in any 

<lb/>man. </s><s>And is &longs;o much the more probable, in that I verily be&shy;

<lb/>lieve, that if one could but pare off the &longs;curf of this great Globe, 

<lb/>taking away but one full thou&longs;and or two thou&longs;and yards; and 

<lb/>afterwards &longs;eperate the Stones from the Earth, the accumulati&shy;

<lb/>on of the &longs;tones would be very much biger than that of the fer&shy;

<lb/>tile Mould. </s><s>But as for the rea&longs;ons which concludently prove <emph type="italics"/>de 

<lb/>facto,<emph.end type="italics"/> that is our Globe is a Magnet, I have mentioned none of 

<lb/>them, nor is this a time to alledg them, and the rather, for that 

<lb/>to your benefit you may read them in <emph type="italics"/>Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"/>; onely to encou&shy;

<lb/>rage you to the peru&longs;al of them, I will &longs;et before you, in a &longs;imi&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg701"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>litude of my own, the method that he ob&longs;erved in his Philo&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>phy. </s><s>I know you under&longs;tand very well how much the know&shy;

<lb/>ledg of the accidents is &longs;ub&longs;ervient to the inve&longs;tigation of the 

<lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tance and e&longs;&longs;ence of things; therefore I de&longs;ire that you 

<lb/>would take pains to informe your &longs;elf well of many accidents and 

<lb/>properties that are found in the Magnet, and in no other &longs;tone, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg702"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>or body; as for in&longs;tance of attracting Iron, of conferring up&shy;

<lb/>on it by its &longs;ole pre&longs;ence the &longs;ame virtue, of communicating 

<lb/>likewi&longs;e to it the property of looking towards the Poles, as it 

<lb/>al&longs;o doth it &longs;elf; and moreover endeavour to know by trial, 

<lb/>that it containeth in it a virtue of conferring upon the magnetick 

<lb/>needle not onely the direction under a Meridian towards the 

<lb/>Poles, with an Horizontal motion, (a property a long time ago 

<lb/>known) but a new found accident, of declining (being ballanced 

<lb/>under the Meridian before marked upon a little &longs;pherical Mag&shy;

<lb/>net) of declining I &longs;ay to determinate marks more or le&longs;&longs;e, ac&shy;

<lb/>cording as that needle is held nearer or farther from the Pole, 

<lb/>till that upon the Pole it &longs;elf it erecteth perpendicularly, where&shy;

<lb/>as in the middle parts it is parallel to the Axis. </s><s>Furthermore pro&shy;

<lb/>cure a proof to be made, whether the virtue of attracting Iron, 

<lb/>re&longs;iding much more vigorou&longs;ly about the Poles, than about the 

<lb/>middle parts, this force be not notably more vigorous in one 

<lb/>Pole than in the other, and that in all pieces of Magnet; the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/378.jpg" pagenum="368"/>&longs;tronger of which Poles is that which looketh towards the South. 

<lb/></s><s>Ob&longs;erve, in the next place, that in a little Magnet this South and 

<lb/>more vigorous Pole, becometh weaker, when ever it is to take 

<lb/>up an iron in pre&longs;ence of the North Pole, of another much big&shy;

<lb/>ger Magnet: and not to make any tedious di&longs;cour&longs;e of it, a&longs;&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>tain your &longs;elf, by experience, of the&longs;e and many other properties 

<lb/>de&longs;cribed by <emph type="italics"/>Gilbert,<emph.end type="italics"/> which are all &longs;o peculiar to the Magnet, as 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg703"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that none of them agree with any other matter. </s><s>Tell me now, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> if there were laid before you a thou&longs;and pieces of 

<lb/>&longs;everal matters, but all covered and concealed in a cloth, under 

<lb/>which it is hid, and you were required, without uncovering them, 

<lb/>to make a gue&longs;&longs;e, by external &longs;ignes, at the matter of each of 

<lb/>them, and that in making trial, you &longs;hould hit upon one that 

<lb/>&longs;hould openly &longs;hew it &longs;elf to have all the properties by you alrea&shy;

<lb/>dy acknowledged to re&longs;ide onely in the Magnet, and in no other 

<lb/>matter, what judgment would you make of the e&longs;&longs;ence of &longs;uch a 

<lb/>body? </s><s>Would you &longs;ay, that it might be a piece of Ebony, or 

<lb/>Alabla&longs;ter, or Tin.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg700"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Our Globe would 

<lb/>have been called 

<lb/>&longs;tone, in &longs;tead of 

<lb/>Earth, if that 

<lb/>name had been gi&shy;

<lb/>uen it in the be&shy;

<lb/>ginning.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg701"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The method of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Gilbert <emph type="italics"/>in his Phi&shy;

<lb/>lo&longs;ophy.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg702"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Many proper&shy;

<lb/>ties in the Mag&shy;

<lb/>net.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg703"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An Argument 

<lb/>proving the terre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trial Globe to be 

<lb/>a<emph.end type="italics"/> Magnet.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I would &longs;ay, without the lea&longs;t h&aelig;&longs;itation, that it was a 

<lb/>piece of Load-&longs;tone.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If it be &longs;o, &longs;ay re&longs;olutely, that under this cover and 

<lb/>&longs;curf of Earth, &longs;tones, metals, water, &amp;c. </s><s>there is hid a great 

<lb/>Magnet, fora&longs;much as about the &longs;ame there may be &longs;een by any 

<lb/>one that will heedfully ob&longs;erve the &longs;ame, all tho&longs;e very accidents 

<lb/>that agree with a true and vi&longs;ible Globe of Magnet; but if no 

<lb/>more were to be &longs;een than that of the Declinatory Needle, which 

<lb/>being carried about the Earth, more and more inclineth, as it ap&shy;

<lb/>proacheth to the North Pole, and declineth le&longs;&longs;e towards the E&shy;

<lb/>quinoctial, under which it finally is brought to an <emph type="italics"/>&AElig;quilibrium,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>it might &longs;erve to per&longs;wade even the mo&longs;t &longs;crupulous judgment. </s><s>I 

<lb/>forbear to mention that other admirable effect, which is &longs;en&longs;ibly 

<lb/>ob&longs;erved in every piece of Magnet, of which, to us inhabitants 

<lb/>of the Northern Hemi&longs;phere, the Meridional Pole of the &longs;aid Mag&shy;

<lb/>net is more vigorous than the other; and the difference is found 

<lb/>greater, by how much one recedeth from the Equinoctial; and 

<lb/>under the Equinoctial both the parts are of equal &longs;trength, but 

<lb/>notably weaker. </s><s>But, in the Meridional Regions, far di&longs;tant 

<lb/>from the Equinoctial, it changeth nature, and that part which to 

<lb/>us was more weak, acquireth more &longs;trength than the other: and 

<lb/>all this I confer with that which we &longs;ee to be done by a &longs;mall 

<lb/>piece of Magnet, in the pre&longs;ence of a great one, the vertue of 

<lb/>which &longs;uperating the le&longs;&longs;er, maketh it to become obedient to it, 

<lb/>and according as it is held, either on this or on that &longs;ide the Equi&shy;

<lb/>noctial of the great one, maketh the &longs;elf &longs;ame mutations, 

<lb/>which I have &longs;aid are made by every Magnet, carried on this 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/379.jpg" pagenum="369"/>&longs;ide, or that &longs;ide of the Equinoctiall of the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I was per&longs;waded, at the very fir&longs;t reading of the Book 

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Gilbertus<emph.end type="italics"/>; and having met with a mo&longs;t excellent piece of 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg704"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Magnet, I, for a long time, made many Ob&longs;ervations, and all 

<lb/>worthy of extream wonder; but above all, that &longs;eemeth to me 

<lb/>very &longs;tupendious of increa&longs;ing the faculty of taking up Iron &longs;o 

<lb/>much by arming it, like as the &longs;aid Authour teacheth; and with 

<lb/>arming that piece of mine, I multiplied its force in octuple propor&shy;

<lb/>tion; and whereas unarmed it &longs;carce took up nine ounces of 

<lb/>Iron, it being armed did take up above &longs;ix pounds: And, it 

<lb/>may be, you have &longs;een this Load&longs;tone in the ^{*} Gallery of your 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg705"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Mo&longs;t Serene Grand Duke<emph.end type="italics"/> (to whom I pre&longs;ented it) upholding 

<lb/>two little Anchors of Iron.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg704"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>&verbar;The Magnet 

<lb/>armed takes up 

<lb/>much more Iron, 

<lb/>than when unar&shy;

<lb/>med.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg705"></margin.target>+ Or Clo&longs;et of 

<lb/>rarities.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I &longs;aw it many times, and with great admiration, till 

<lb/>that a little piece of the like &longs;tone gave me greater cau&longs;e of won&shy;

<lb/>der, that is in the keeping of our Academick, which being no 

<lb/>more than of &longs;ix ounces weight, and &longs;u&longs;taining, when unarmed, 

<lb/>hardly two ounces, doth, when armed, take up 160. ounces, &longs;o 

<lb/>as that it is of 80. times more force armed than unarmed, and 

<lb/>takes up a weight 26. times greater than its own; a much greater 

<lb/>wonder than <emph type="italics"/>Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"/> could ever meet with, who writeth, that he 

<lb/>could never get any Load&longs;tone that could reach to take up four 

<lb/>times its own weight.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>In my opinion, this Stone offers to the wit of man a 

<lb/>large Field to Phylo&longs;ophate in; and I have many times thought 

<lb/>with my &longs;elf, how it can be that it conferreth on that Iron, which 

<lb/>armeth it, a &longs;trength &longs;o &longs;uperiour to its own; and finally, I finde 

<lb/>nothing that giveth me &longs;atisfaction herein; nor do I find any 

<lb/>thing extraordinary in that which <emph type="italics"/>Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"/> writes about this parti&shy;

<lb/>cular; I know not whether the &longs;ame may have befallen 

<lb/>you.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I extreamly prai&longs;e, admire, and envy this Authour, 

<lb/>for that a conceit &longs;o &longs;tupendious &longs;hould come into his minde, 

<lb/>touching a thing handled by infinite &longs;ublime wits, and hit upon 

<lb/>by none of them: I think him moreover worthy of extraordi&shy;

<lb/>nary applau&longs;e for the many new and true Ob&longs;ervations that he 

<lb/>made, to the di&longs;grace of &longs;o many fabulous Authours, that write 

<lb/>not only what they do not know, but what ever they hear &longs;po&shy;

<lb/>ken by the fooli&longs;h vulgar, never &longs;eeking to a&longs;&longs;ure them&longs;elves of 

<lb/>the &longs;ame by experience, perhaps, becau&longs;e they are unwilling to 

<lb/>dimini&longs;h the bulk of their Books. </s><s>That which I could have de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ired in <emph type="italics"/>Gilbert,<emph.end type="italics"/> is, that he had been a little greater Mathematici&shy;

<lb/>an, and particularly well grounded in <emph type="italics"/>Geometry,<emph.end type="italics"/> the practice 

<lb/>whereof would have rendered him le&longs;s re&longs;olute in accepting tho&longs;e 

<lb/>rea&longs;ons for true Demon&longs;trations, which he produceth for true 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/380.jpg" pagenum="370"/>cau&longs;es of the true conclu&longs;ions ob&longs;erved by him&longs;elf. </s><s>Which rea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ons (freely &longs;peaking) do not knit and bind &longs;o fa&longs;t, as tho&longs;e un&shy;

<lb/>doubtedly ought to do, in that of natural, nece&longs;&longs;ary, and la&longs;ting 

<lb/>conclu&longs;ions may be alledged. </s><s>And I doubt not, but that in pro&shy;

<lb/>ce&longs;&longs;e of time this new Science will be perfected with new ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>vations, and, which is more, with true and nece&longs;&longs;ary Demon&longs;tra&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg706"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tions. </s><s>Nor ought the glory of the fir&longs;t Inventor to be thereby 

<lb/>dimini&longs;hed, nor do I le&longs;&longs;e e&longs;teem, but rather more admire, the 

<lb/>Inventor of the Harp (although it may be &longs;uppo&longs;ed that the In&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trument at fir&longs;t was but rudely framed, and more rudely finger&shy;

<lb/>ed) than an hundred other Arti&longs;ts, that in the in&longs;uing Ages redu&shy;

<lb/>ced that profe&longs;&longs;ion to great perfection. </s><s>And methinks, that An&shy;

<lb/>tiquity had very good rea&longs;on to enumerate the fir&longs;t Inventors of 

<lb/>the Noble Arts among&longs;t the Gods; &longs;eeing that the common wits 

<lb/>have &longs;o little curio&longs;ity, and are &longs;o little regardful of rare and ele&shy;

<lb/>gant things, that though they &longs;ee and hear them exercirated by 

<lb/>the exquifite profe&longs;&longs;ors of them, yet are they not thereby per&shy;

<lb/>&longs;waded to a de&longs;ire of learning them. </s><s>Now judge, whether Capa&shy;

<lb/>cities of this kind would ever have attempted to have found out 

<lb/>the making of the Harp, or the invention of Mu&longs;ick, upon the 

<lb/>hint of the whi&longs;tling noi&longs;e of the dry &longs;inews of a Tortois, or 

<lb/>from the &longs;triking of four Hammers. </s><s>The application to great 

<lb/>inventions moved by &longs;mall hints, and the thinking that under a 

<lb/>primary and childi&longs;h appearance admirable Arts may lie hid, is 

<lb/>not the part of a trivial, but of a &longs;uper-humane &longs;pirit. </s><s>Now an&shy;

<lb/>&longs;wering to your demands, I &longs;ay, that I al&longs;o have long thought 

<lb/>upon what might po&longs;&longs;ibly be the cau&longs;e of this &longs;o tenacious and 

<lb/>potent union, that we &longs;ee to be made between the one Iron that 

<lb/>armeth the Magnet, and the other that conjoyns it &longs;elf unto it. 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg707"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>And fir&longs;t, we are certain, that the vertue and &longs;trength of the &longs;tone 

<lb/>doth not augment by being armed, for it neither attracts at 

<lb/>greater di&longs;tance, nor doth it hold an Iron the fa&longs;ter, if between it, 

<lb/>and the arming or cap, a very fine paper, or a leaf of beaten gold, 

<lb/>be interpo&longs;ed; nay, with that interpo&longs;ition, the naked &longs;tone 

<lb/>takes up more Iron than the armed. </s><s>There is therefore no alte&shy;

<lb/>ration in the vertue, and yet there is an innovation in the effect. 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg708"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>And becau&longs;e its nece&longs;&longs;ary, that a new effect have a new cau&longs;e, if 

<lb/>it be inquired what novelty is introduced in the act of taking up 

<lb/>with the cap or arming, there is no mutation to be di&longs;covered, but 

<lb/>in the different contact; for whereas before Iron toucht Load&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tone, now Iron toucheth Iron. </s><s>Therefore it is nece&longs;&longs;ary to con&shy;

<lb/>clude, that the diver&longs;ity of contacts is the cau&longs;e of the diver&longs;ity 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg709"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of effects. </s><s>And for the difference of contacts it cannot, as I &longs;ee, 

<lb/>be derived from any thing el&longs;e, &longs;ave from that the &longs;ub&longs;tance of 

<lb/>the Iron is of parts more &longs;ubtil, more pure, and more compact&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/381.jpg" pagenum="371"/>ed than tho&longs;e of the Magnet, which are more gro&longs;&longs;e, impure, and 

<lb/>rare. </s><s>From whence it followeth, that the &longs;uperficies of two I&shy;

<lb/>rons that are to touch, by being exqui&longs;itely plained, filed, and 

<lb/>burni&longs;hed, do &longs;o exactly conjoyn, that all the infinite points of 

<lb/>the one meet with the infinite points of the other; &longs;o that the 

<lb/>filaments, if I may &longs;o &longs;ay, that collegate the two Irons, are many 

<lb/>more than tho&longs;e that collegate the Magnet to the Iron, by rea&longs;on 

<lb/>that the &longs;ub&longs;tance of the Magnet is more porous, and le&longs;&longs;e com&shy;

<lb/>pact, which maketh that all the points and filaments of the Load&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tone do not clo&longs;e with that which it unites unto. </s><s>In the next 

<lb/>place, that the &longs;ub&longs;tance of Iron (e&longs;pecially the well refined, as 

<lb/>namely, the pure&longs;t &longs;teel) is of parts much more den&longs;e, &longs;ubtil, 

<lb/>and pure than the matter of the Load&longs;tone, is &longs;een, in that one 

<lb/>may bring its edge to an extraordinary &longs;harpne&longs;&longs;e, &longs;uch as is that 

<lb/>of the Ra&longs;or, which can never be in any great mea&longs;ure effected in 

<lb/>a piece of Magnet. </s><s>Then, as for the impurity of the Magnet, and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg710"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>its being mixed with other qualities of &longs;tone, it is fir&longs;t &longs;en&longs;ibly 

<lb/>di&longs;covered by the colour of &longs;ome little &longs;pots, for the mo&longs;t part 

<lb/>white; and next by pre&longs;enting a needle to it, hanging in a 

<lb/>thread, which upon tho&longs;e &longs;tonyne&longs;&longs;es cannot find repo&longs;e, but 

<lb/>being attracted by the parts circumfu&longs;ed, &longs;eemeth to fly from 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg711"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>^{*} <emph type="italics"/>tho&longs;e,<emph.end type="italics"/> and to leap upon the Magnet contiguous to <emph type="italics"/>them:<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>as &longs;ome of tho&longs;e Heterogeneal parts are for their magnitude ve&shy;

<lb/>ry vi&longs;ible, &longs;o we may believe, that there are others, in great a&shy;

<lb/>bundance, which, for their &longs;mallne&longs;&longs;e, are imperceptible, that are 

<lb/>di&longs;&longs;eminated throughout the whole ma&longs;&longs;e. </s><s>That which I &longs;ay, 

<lb/>(namely, that the multitude of contacts that are made between 

<lb/>Iron and Iron, is the cau&longs;e of the &longs;o &longs;olid conjunction) is con&shy;

<lb/>firmed by an experiment, which is this, that if we pre&longs;ent the 

<lb/>&longs;harpned point of a needle to the cap of a Magnet, it will &longs;tick 

<lb/>no fa&longs;ter to it, than to the &longs;ame &longs;tone unarmed: which can 

<lb/>proceed from no other cau&longs;e, than from the equality of the con&shy;

<lb/>tacts that are both of one &longs;ole point. </s><s>But what then? </s><s>Let a 

<lb/>^{*} Needle be taken and placed upon a Magnet, &longs;o that one of its 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg712"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>extremities hang &longs;omewhat over, and to that pre&longs;ent a Nail; to 

<lb/>which the Needle will in&longs;tantly cleave, in&longs;omuch that withdraw&shy;

<lb/>ing the Nail, the Needle will &longs;tand in &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;e, and with its two 

<lb/>ends touching the Magnet and the Iron; and withdrawing the 

<lb/>Nail yet a little further, the Needle will for&longs;ake the Magnet; 

<lb/>provided that the eye of the Needle be towards the Nail, and 

<lb/>the point towards the Magnet; but if the eye be towards the 

<lb/>Load&longs;tone, in withdrawing the Nail the Needle will cleave to 

<lb/>the Magnet; and this, in my judgment, for no other rea&longs;on, 

<lb/>&longs;ave onely that the Needle, by rea&longs;on it is bigger towards the 

<lb/>eye, toucheth in much more points than its &longs;harp point doth.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/382.jpg" pagenum="372"/><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg706"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The fir&longs;t ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>vers and inventers 

<lb/>of things ought to 

<lb/>be admired.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg707"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The true cau&longs;e 

<lb/>of the multiplica&shy;

<lb/>tion of vertue in 

<lb/>the Magnet, by 

<lb/>means of the ar&shy;

<lb/>ming.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg708"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Of a new effect 

<lb/>its nece&longs;&longs;ary that 

<lb/>the cau&longs;e be like&shy;

<lb/>wi&longs;e new.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg709"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is proved, 

<lb/>that Iron con&longs;ists 

<lb/>of parts more &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>til, pure, and com&shy;

<lb/>pact than the mag&shy;

<lb/>net.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg710"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A &longs;en&longs;ible proof 

<lb/>of the impurity of 

<lb/>the Magnet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg711"></margin.target>* The Author

<lb/>hereby meaneth

<lb/>that the &longs;tone

<lb/>doth not all con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;i&longs;t of magnetick 

<lb/>matter, but that 

<lb/>the whiter &longs;pecks 

<lb/>being weak, tho&longs;e 

<lb/>other parts of the 

<lb/>Load&longs;tone of a 

<lb/>more dark &amp; con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tant colour, con&shy;

<lb/>tain all that vertue 

<lb/>wherewith bodies 

<lb/>are attracted.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg712"></margin.target>* A common 

<lb/>&longs;ewing needle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Your whole di&longs;cour&longs;e hath been in my judgment very 

<lb/>concluding, and this experiment of the Needle hath made me 

<lb/>think it little inferiour to a Mathematical Demon&longs;tration; and 

<lb/>I ingenuou&longs;ly confe&longs;&longs;e, that in all the Magnetick Philo&longs;ophy, I 

<lb/>never heard or read any thing, that with &longs;uch &longs;trong rea&longs;ons 

<lb/>gave account of its &longs;o many admirable accidents, of which, if the 

<lb/>cau&longs;es were with the &longs;ame per&longs;picuity laid open, I know not 

<lb/>what &longs;weeter food our Intellects could de&longs;ire.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In &longs;eeking the rea&longs;ons of conclu&longs;ions unknown unto 

<lb/>us, it is requi&longs;ite to have the good fortune to direct the di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cour&longs;e from the very beginning towards the way of truth; in 

<lb/>which if any one walk, it will ea&longs;ily happen, that one &longs;hall meet 

<lb/>with &longs;everal other Propo&longs;itions known to be true, either by di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>putes or experiments, from the certainty of which the truth of 

<lb/>ours acquireth &longs;trength and evidence; as it did in every re&longs;pect 

<lb/>happen to me in the pre&longs;ent Probleme, for being de&longs;irous to a&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ure my &longs;elf, by &longs;ome other accident, whether the rea&longs;on of the 

<lb/>Propo&longs;ition, by me found, were true; namely, whether the &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance of the Magnet were really much le&longs;&longs;e continuate than that 

<lb/>of Iron or of Steel, I made the Arti&longs;ts that work in the Gallery 

<lb/>of my Lord the Grand Duke, to &longs;mooth one &longs;ide of that piece 

<lb/>of Magnet, which formerly was yours, and then to poli&longs;h and 

<lb/>burni&longs;h it; upon which to my &longs;atisfaction I found what I de&longs;ired. 

<lb/></s><s>For I di&longs;covered many &longs;pecks of colour different from the re&longs;t, 

<lb/>but as &longs;plendid and bright, as any of the harder &longs;ort of &longs;tones; 

<lb/>the re&longs;t of the Magnet was polite, but to the tact onely, not 

<lb/>being in the lea&longs;t &longs;plendid; but rather as if it were &longs;meered over 

<lb/>with &longs;oot; and this was the &longs;ub&longs;tance of the Load &longs;tone, and 

<lb/>the &longs;hining part was the fragments of other &longs;tones intermixt 

<lb/>therewith, as was &longs;en&longs;ibly made known by pre&longs;enting the face 

<lb/>thereof to filings of Iron, the which in great number leapt to 

<lb/>the Load-&longs;tone, but not &longs;o much as one grain did &longs;tick to the 

<lb/>&longs;aid &longs;pots, which were many, &longs;ome as big as the fourth part of 

<lb/>the nail of a mans finger, others &longs;omewhat le&longs;&longs;er, the lea&longs;t of 

<lb/>all very many, and tho&longs;e that were &longs;carce vi&longs;ible almo&longs;t innu&shy;

<lb/>merable. </s><s>So that I did a&longs;&longs;ure my &longs;elf, that my conjecture was 

<lb/>true, when I fir&longs;t thought that the &longs;ub&longs;tance of the Magnet 

<lb/>was not clo&longs;e and compact, but porous, or to &longs;ay better, &longs;pon&shy;

<lb/>gy; but with this difference, that whereas the &longs;ponge in its 

<lb/>cavities and little cels conteineth Air or Water, the Magnet hath 

<lb/>its pores full of hard and heavy &longs;tone, as appears by the exqui&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ite lu&longs;tre which tho&longs;e &longs;pecks receive. </s><s>Whereupon, as I have &longs;aid 

<lb/>from the beginning, applying the &longs;urface of the Iron to the &longs;u&shy;

<lb/>perficies of the Magnet the minute particles of the Iron, though 

<lb/>perhaps more continuate than the&longs;e of any other body (as its 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/383.jpg" pagenum="373"/>&longs;hining more than any other matter doth &longs;hew) do not all, nay 

<lb/>but very few of them incounter pure Magnet; and the contacts 

<lb/>being few, the union is but weak. </s><s>But becau&longs;e the cap of the 

<lb/>Load-&longs;tone, be&longs;ides the contact of a great part of its &longs;uperficies, 

<lb/>inve&longs;ts its &longs;elf al&longs;o with the virtue of the parts adjoyning, al&shy;

<lb/>though they touch not; that &longs;ide of it being exactly &longs;moothed 

<lb/>to which the other face, in like manner well poli&longs;ht of the Iron to 

<lb/>be attracted, is applyed, the contact is made by innumera&shy;

<lb/>ble minute particles, if not haply by the infinite points of both 

<lb/>the &longs;uperficies, whereupon the union becometh very &longs;trong. 

<lb/></s><s>This ob&longs;ervation of &longs;moothing the &longs;urfaces of the Irons that are 

<lb/>to touch, came not into the thoughts of <emph type="italics"/>Gilbert,<emph.end type="italics"/> for he makes 

<lb/>the Irons convex, &longs;o that their contact is very &longs;mall; and there&shy;

<lb/>upon it cometh to pa&longs;&longs;e that the tenacity, wherewith tho&longs;e Irons 

<lb/>conjoyn, is much le&longs;&longs;er.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am, as I told you before, little le&longs;&longs;e &longs;atisfied with 

<lb/>this rea&longs;on, that if it were a pure Geometrical Demon&longs;tration; 

<lb/>and becau&longs;e we &longs;peak of a Phy&longs;ical Problem, I believe that al&longs;o 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> will find him&longs;elf &longs;atisfied as far as natural &longs;cience ad&shy;

<lb/>mits, in which he knows that Geometrical evidence is not to be 

<lb/>required.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think indeed, that <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> with a fine circumlo&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg713"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>cution hath &longs;o manife&longs;tly di&longs;played the cau&longs;e of this effect, that 

<lb/>any indifferent wit, though not ver&longs;t in the Sciences, may ap&shy;

<lb/>prehend the &longs;ame; but we, confining our &longs;elves to the terms of 

<lb/>Art, reduce the cau&longs;e of the&longs;e and other the like natural effects 

<lb/>to <emph type="italics"/>Sympathy,<emph.end type="italics"/> which is a certain agreement and mutual appetite 

<lb/>which ari&longs;eth between things that are &longs;emblable to one another 

<lb/>in qualities; as likewi&longs;e on the contrary that hatred &amp; enmity for 

<lb/>which other things &longs;hun &amp; abhor one another we call <emph type="italics"/>Antipathy.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg713"></margin.target>Sympathy <emph type="italics"/>and<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Antipathy, <emph type="italics"/>terms 

<lb/>u&longs;ed by Philo&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>phers to give a rea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;on ea&longs;ily of ma&shy;

<lb/>ny narural effests.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And thus with the&longs;e two words men come to render 

<lb/>rea&longs;ons of a great number of accidents and effects which we &longs;ee 

<lb/>not without admiration to be produced in nature. </s><s>But this kind 

<lb/>of philo&longs;ophating &longs;eems to me to have great &longs;ympathy with a 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg714"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>certain way of Painting that a Friend of mine u&longs;ed, who writ 

<lb/>upon the <emph type="italics"/>Tele<emph.end type="italics"/> or Canva&longs;&longs;e in chalk, here I will have the Foun&shy;

<lb/>tain with <emph type="italics"/>Diana<emph.end type="italics"/> and her Nimphs, there certain Hariers, in this 

<lb/>corner I will have a Hunt&longs;-man with the Head of a Stag, the re&longs;t 

<lb/>&longs;hall be Lanes, Woods, and Hills; and left the remainder for 

<lb/>the Painter to &longs;et forth with Colours; and thus he per&longs;waded 

<lb/>him&longs;elf that he had painted the Story of <emph type="italics"/>Acteon,<emph.end type="italics"/> when as he had 

<lb/>contributed thereto nothing of his own more than the names. 

<lb/></s><s>But whether are we wandred with &longs;o long a digre&longs;&longs;ion, contrary 

<lb/>to our former re&longs;olutions? </s><s>I have almo&longs;t forgot what the point 

<lb/>was that we were upon when we fell into this magnetick di&longs;&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/384.jpg" pagenum="374"/>cour&longs;e; and yet I had &longs;omething in my mind that I intended to 

<lb/>have &longs;poken upon that &longs;ubject.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg714"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A plea&longs;ant ex&shy;

<lb/>ampleaeclaring the 

<lb/>invalidity of &longs;ome 

<lb/>Phylo&longs;ophical ar&shy;

<lb/>gumentations.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We were about to demon&longs;trate that third motion a&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cribed by <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> to the Earth to be no motion but a quie&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cence and maintaining of it &longs;elf immutably directed with its de&shy;

<lb/>terminate parts towards the &longs;ame &amp; determinate parts of the Uni&shy;

<lb/>ver&longs;e, that is a perpetual con&longs;ervation of the Axis of its diurnal 

<lb/>revolution parallel to it &longs;elf, and looking towards &longs;uch and &longs;uch 

<lb/>fixed &longs;tars; which mo&longs;t con&longs;tant po&longs;ition we &longs;aid did naturally 

<lb/>agree with every librated body &longs;u&longs;pended in a fluid and yielding 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> which although carried about, yet did it not change di&shy;

<lb/>rectionin re&longs;pect of things external, but onely &longs;eemed to revolve in 

<lb/>its &longs;elf, in re&longs;pect of that which carryed it round, and to the 

<lb/>ve&longs;&longs;el in which it was tran&longs;ported. </s><s>And then we added to this 

<lb/>&longs;imple and natural accident the magnetick virtue, whereby the 

<lb/>&longs;elf Terre&longs;trial Globe might &longs;o much the more con&longs;tantly keep it 

<lb/>immutable, -----</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Now I remember the whole bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e; and that which 

<lb/>then came into my minde, &amp; which I would have intimated, was a 

<lb/>certain con&longs;ideration touching the &longs;cruple and objection of <emph type="italics"/>Sim&shy;

<lb/>plicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> which he propounded again&longs;t the mobility of the Earth, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg715"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>taken from the multiplicity of motions, impo&longs;&longs;ible to be a&longs;&longs;igned 

<lb/>to a &longs;imple body, of which but one &longs;ole and &longs;imple motion, ac&shy;

<lb/>cording to the doctrine of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> can be natural; and that 

<lb/>which I would have propo&longs;ed to con&longs;ideration, was the Magnet, 

<lb/>to which we manife&longs;tly &longs;ee three motions naturally to agree: 

<lb/>one towards the centre of the Earth, as a <emph type="italics"/>Grave<emph.end type="italics"/>; the &longs;econd is 

<lb/>the circular Horizontal Motion, whereby it re&longs;tores and con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erves its Axis towards determinate parts of the Univer&longs;e; and 

<lb/>the third is this, newly di&longs;covered by <emph type="italics"/>Gilbert,<emph.end type="italics"/> of inclining its 

<lb/>Axis, being in the plane of a Meridian towards the &longs;urface of the 

<lb/>Earth, and this more and le&longs;&longs;e, according as it &longs;hall be di&longs;tant 

<lb/>from the Equinoctial, under which it is parallel to the Axis of 

<lb/>the Earth. </s><s>Be&longs;ides the&longs;e three, it is not perhaps improbable, 

<lb/>but that it may have a fourth, of revolving upon its own Axis, in 

<lb/>ca&longs;e it were librated and &longs;u&longs;pended in the air or other fluid and 

<lb/>yielding <emph type="italics"/>Medium,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;o that all external and accidental impediments 

<lb/>were removed, and this opinion <emph type="italics"/>Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"/> him&longs;elf &longs;eemeth al&longs;o to 

<lb/>applaud. </s><s>So that, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> you &longs;ee how tottering the Axiome 

<lb/>of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle<emph.end type="italics"/> is.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg715"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;everal na&shy;

<lb/>tural motions of 

<lb/>the Magnet.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This doth uot only not make again&longs;t the Maxime, but 

<lb/>not &longs;o much as look towards it: for that he &longs;peaketh of a fimple 

<lb/>body, and of that which may naturally con&longs;i&longs;t therewith; but 

<lb/>you propo&longs;e that which befalleth a mixt body; nor do you tell 

<lb/>us of any thing that is new to the doctrine of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> for that 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/385.jpg" pagenum="375"/>he likewi&longs;e granteth to mixt bodies compound motions by -----</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Stay a little, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> &amp; an&longs;wer me to the que&longs;tions 

<lb/>I &longs;hall ask you. </s><s>You &longs;ay that the Load-&longs;tone is no &longs;imple body, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg716"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>now I defire you to tell me what tho&longs;e &longs;imple bodies are, that 

<lb/>mingle in compo&longs;ing the Load-&longs;tone.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg716"></margin.target>Ari&longs;tole <emph type="italics"/>grants 

<lb/>a compound motion 

<lb/>to mixt bodies.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I know not how to tell you th'ingredients nor &longs;imples 

<lb/>preci&longs;ely, but it &longs;ufficeth that they are things elementary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So much &longs;ufficeth me al&longs;o. </s><s>And of the&longs;e &longs;imple ele&shy;

<lb/>mentary bodies, what are the natural motions?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>They are the two right and &longs;imple motions, <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ur&longs;um<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and <emph type="italics"/>deor&longs;um.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Tell me in the next place? </s><s>Do you believe that the 

<lb/>motion, that &longs;hall remain natural to that &longs;ame mixed body, &longs;hould 

<lb/>be one that may re&longs;ult from the compo&longs;ition of the two &longs;imple 

<lb/>natural motions of the &longs;imple bodies compounding, or that it 

<lb/>may be a motion impo&longs;&longs;ible to be compo&longs;ed of them.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg717"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg717"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motion of 

<lb/>mixt bodies ought 

<lb/>to be &longs;uch as may 

<lb/>re&longs;ult from the 

<lb/>compo&longs;ition of the 

<lb/>motions of the &longs;im&shy;

<lb/>ple bodies com&shy;

<lb/>pounding.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe that it &longs;hall move with the motion re&longs;ulting 

<lb/>from the compo&longs;ition of the motions of the &longs;imple bodies com&shy;

<lb/>pounding, and that with a motion impo&longs;&longs;ible to be compo&longs;ed of 

<lb/>the&longs;e, it is impo&longs;&longs;ible that it &longs;hould move.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. But, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> with two right and &longs;imple motions, you 

<lb/>&longs;hall never be able to compo&longs;e a circular motion, &longs;uch as are the </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg718"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>two, or three circular motions that the magnet hath: you &longs;ee 

<lb/>then into what ab&longs;urdities evil grounded Principles, or, to &longs;ay 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg719"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>better, the ill-inferred con&longs;equences of good Principles carry a 

<lb/>man; for you are now forced to &longs;ay, that the Magnet is a mix&shy;

<lb/>ture compounded of &longs;ub&longs;tances elementary and c&oelig;le&longs;tial, if you 

<lb/>will maintain that the &longs;traight motion is a peculiar to the Ele&shy;

<lb/>ments, and the circular to the c&oelig;le&longs;tial bodies. </s><s>Therefore if 

<lb/>you will more &longs;afely argue, you mu&longs;t &longs;ay, that of the integral 

<lb/>bodies of the Univer&longs;e, tho&longs;e that are by nature moveable, do all 

<lb/>move circularly, and that therefore the Magnet, as a part of the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg720"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>true primary, and integral &longs;ub&longs;tance of our Globe, pertaketh of 

<lb/>the &longs;ame qualities with it. </s><s>And take notice of this your fallacy, 

<lb/>in calling the Magnet a mixt body, and the Terre&longs;trial Globe a 

<lb/>&longs;imple body, which is &longs;en&longs;ibly perceived to be a thou&longs;and times 

<lb/>more compound: for, be&longs;ides that it containeth an hundred an 

<lb/>hundred matters, exceeding different from one another, it con&shy;

<lb/>taineth great abundance of this which you call mixt, I mean 

<lb/>of the Load-&longs;tone. </s><s>This &longs;eems to me ju&longs;t as if one &longs;hould call 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg721"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>bread a mixt body, and ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Pannada<emph.end type="italics"/> a &longs;imple body, in which there 

<lb/>is put no &longs;mall quantity of bread, be&longs;ides many other things edi&shy;

<lb/>ble. </s><s>This &longs;eemeth to me a very admirable thing, among&longs;t others 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/386.jpg" pagenum="376"/><arrow.to.target n="marg722"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of the Peripateticks, who grant (nor can it be denied) that our 

<lb/>Terre&longs;trial Globe is, <emph type="italics"/>de facto,<emph.end type="italics"/> a compound of infinite different 

<lb/>matters; and grant farther that of compound bodies the motion 

<lb/>ought to be compound: now the motions that admit of compo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ition are the right and circular: For the two right motions, as 

<lb/>being contrary, are incompatible together, they affirm, that the 

<lb/>pure Element of Earth is no where to be found; they confe&longs;&longs;e, 

<lb/>that it never hath been moved with a local motion; and yet they 

<lb/>will introduce in Nature that body which is not to be found, and 

<lb/>make it move with that motion which it never exerci&longs;ed, nor ne&shy;

<lb/>ver &longs;hall do, and to that body which hath, and ever had a being, 

<lb/>they deny that motion, which before they granted, ought natu&shy;

<lb/>rally to agree therewith.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg718"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>With two right 

<lb/>motions one cannot 

<lb/>compo&longs;e circular 

<lb/>motions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg719"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Philo&longs;ophers are 

<lb/>forced to confe&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>that the Magnet 

<lb/>is compounded of 

<lb/>c&oelig;le&longs;tial &longs;ub&longs;tan&shy;

<lb/>ces, and of elemen&shy;

<lb/>tary.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg720"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The errour of 

<lb/>tho&longs;e who call the 

<lb/>Magnet a mixt 

<lb/>body, and the ter&shy;

<lb/>re&longs;trial Globe 

<lb/>&longs;imble body.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg721"></margin.target>* Ogliopotrida 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>a Spani&longs;h di&longs;h of 

<lb/>many ingredients 

<lb/>boild together.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg722"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Di&longs;cour&longs;es 

<lb/>of Peripateticks, 

<lb/>full of errours and 

<lb/>contradictions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I be&longs;eech you, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> let us not weary our &longs;elves 

<lb/>any more about the&longs;e particulars, and the rather, becau&longs;e you 

<lb/>know that our purpo&longs;e was not to determine re&longs;olutely, or to 

<lb/>accept for true, this or that opinion, but only to propo&longs;e for our 

<lb/>diverti&longs;ement &longs;uch rea&longs;ons, and an&longs;wers as may be alledged on 

<lb/>the one &longs;ide, or on the other; and <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> maketh this an&shy;

<lb/>&longs;wer, in defence of his Peripateticks, therefore let us leave the 

<lb/>judgment in &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;e, and remit the determination into the 

<lb/>hands of &longs;uch as are more known than we. </s><s>And becau&longs;e I think 

<lb/>that we have, with &longs;ufficient prolixity, in the&longs;e three dayes, di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cour&longs;ed upon the Sy&longs;teme of the Univer&longs;e, it will now be &longs;ea&longs;o&shy;

<lb/>nable, that we proceed to the grand accident, from whence our 

<lb/>Di&longs;putations took beginning, I mean, of the ebbing and flowing 

<lb/>of the Sea, the cau&longs;e whereof may, in all probability, be referred 

<lb/>to the motion of the Earth. </s><s>But that, if you &longs;o plea&longs;e, we will 

<lb/>re&longs;erve till to morrow. </s><s>In the mean time, that I may not forget 

<lb/>it, I will &longs;peak to one particular, to which I could have wi&longs;hed, 

<lb/>that <emph type="italics"/>Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"/> had not lent an ear; I mean that of admitting, that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg723"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>in ca&longs;e a little Sphere of Load&longs;tone might be exactly librated, it 

<lb/>would revolve in it &longs;elf; becau&longs;e there is no rea&longs;on why it &longs;hould 

<lb/>do &longs;o; For if the whole Terre&longs;trial Globe hath a natural facul&shy;

<lb/>ty of revolving about its own centre in twenty four hours, and 

<lb/>that all its parts ought to have the &longs;ame, I mean, that faculty of 

<lb/>turning round together with their <emph type="italics"/>whole,<emph.end type="italics"/> about its centre in twen&shy;

<lb/>ty four hours; they already have the &longs;ame in effect, whil&longs;t that, 

<lb/>being upon the Earth, they turn round along with it: And the 

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;igning them a revolution about their particular centres, would 

<lb/>be to a&longs;cribe unto them a &longs;econd motion much different from the 

<lb/>fir&longs;t; for &longs;o they would have two, namely, the revolving in twen&shy;

<lb/>ty four hours about the centre of their <emph type="italics"/>whole<emph.end type="italics"/>; and the turning 

<lb/>about their own: now this &longs;econd is arbitrary, nor is there any 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/387.jpg" pagenum="377"/>rea&longs;on for the introducing of it: If by pluoking away a piece 

<lb/>of Load&longs;tone from the whole natural ma&longs;&longs;d, it were deprived of 

<lb/>the faculty of following it, as it did, whil&longs;t it was unitedy thereto, 

<lb/>&longs;o that it is thereby deprived of the revodution about the univer&shy;

<lb/>&longs;al centre of the Terre&longs;trial Globe, it might Chaply, with &longs;ome&shy;

<lb/>what greater probability be thought by &longs;ome, that the &longs;aid Mag&shy;

<lb/>net was to appropriate to it &longs;elf a new conver&longs;ion about its parti&shy;

<lb/>cular centre; but if it do no le&longs;&longs;e, when &longs;eparated, than when 

<lb/>conjoyned, continue always to pur&longs;ue its fir&longs;t, eternal, and natu&shy;

<lb/>ral cour&longs;e, to what purpo&longs;e &longs;hould we go about to obtrude upon 

<lb/>it another new one?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg723"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An improba&shy;

<lb/>ble effect admired 

<lb/>by<emph.end type="italics"/> Gilbertus <emph type="italics"/>in the 

<lb/>Load&longs;tone.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I under&longs;tand you very well, and this puts me in mind 

<lb/>of a Di&longs;cour&longs;e very like to this for the vanity of it, falling from 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg724"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>certain Writers upon the Sphere, and I think, if I well remem&shy;

<lb/>ber, among&longs;t others from <emph type="italics"/>Sacrobo&longs;co,<emph.end type="italics"/> who, to &longs;hew how the E&shy;

<lb/>lement of Water, doth, together with the Earth, make a com&shy;

<lb/>pleat Spherical Figure, and &longs;o between them both compo&longs;e this 

<lb/>our Globe, writeth, that the &longs;eeing the &longs;mall ^{*} particles of water 

<lb/>&longs;hape them&longs;elves into rotundity, as in the drops, and in the dew 

<lb/>daily apparent upon the leaves of &longs;everal herbs, is a &longs;trong ar&shy;

<lb/>gument; and becau&longs;e, according to the trite Axiome, there is 

<lb/>the &longs;ame rea&longs;on for the whole, as for the parts, the parts affecting 

<lb/>that &longs;ame figure, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that the &longs;ame is proper to the 

<lb/>whole Element: and truth is, methinks it is a great over&longs;ight 

<lb/>that the&longs;e men &longs;hould not perceive &longs;o apparent a vanity, and con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ider that if their argument had run right, it would have follow&shy;

<lb/>ed, that not only the &longs;mall drops, but that any what&longs;oever greater 

<lb/>quantity of water &longs;eparated from the whole Element, &longs;hould be re&shy;

<lb/>duced into a Globe: Which is not &longs;een to happen; though indeed 

<lb/>the Sen&longs;es may &longs;ee, and the Under&longs;tanding perceive that the E&shy;

<lb/>lement of Water loving to form it &longs;elf into a Spherical Figure 

<lb/>about the common centre of gravity, to which all grave bo&shy;

<lb/>dies tend (that is, the centre of the Terre&longs;trial Globe) it 

<lb/>therein is followed by all its parts, according to the Axiome; 

<lb/>&longs;o that all the &longs;urfaces of Seas, Lakes, Pools, and in a word, 

<lb/>of all the parts of Waters conteined in ve&longs;&longs;els, di&longs;tend 

<lb/>them&longs;elves into a Spherical Figure, but that Figure is an arch 

<lb/>of that Sphere that hath for its centre the centre of the Ter&shy;

<lb/>re&longs;trial Globe, and do not make particular Spheres of them&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elves.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg724"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The vain argu&shy;

<lb/>mentation of &longs;ome 

<lb/>to prove the Ele&shy;

<lb/>ment of Water to 

<lb/>be of a Spherical 

<lb/>&longs;uper ficies.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The errour indeed is childi&longs;h; and if it had 

<lb/>been onely the &longs;ingle mi&longs;take of <emph type="italics"/>Sacrobo&longs;co,<emph.end type="italics"/> I would ea&longs;ily 

<lb/>have allowed him in it; but to pardon it al&longs;o to his Com&shy;

<lb/>mentators, and to other famous men, and even to <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"/>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/388.jpg" pagenum="378"/>him&longs;elfe; this I cannot do, without blu&longs;hing for their repu&shy;

<lb/>tation. </s><s>But it is high time to take leave, it row being 

<lb/>very late, and we being to meet again to morrow, 

<lb/>at the u&longs;ual hour, to bring all the foregoing 

<lb/>Di&longs;cour&longs;es to a final conclu&longs;ion.

<lb/></s></p><pb xlink:href="065/01/389.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.389.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/389/1.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.389.2.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/389/2.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.389.3.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/389/3.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.389.4.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/389/4.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.389.5.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/389/5.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.389.6.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/389/6.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.389.7.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/389/7.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.389.8.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/389/8.jpg"/><p type="caption"><s><emph type="italics"/>Place this Plate 

<lb/>at the end of 

<lb/>the third<emph.end type="italics"/>Dialogue</s></p><pb xlink:href="065/01/390.jpg"/></chap><chap>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/391.jpg" pagenum="379"/><p type="head"><s>GALIL&AElig;US 

<lb/>Gail&aelig;us Lync&aelig;us, 

<lb/>HIS 

<lb/>SYSTEME 

<lb/>OF THE 

<lb/>WORLD.</s></p><p type="head"><s>The Fourth Dialogue.</s></p><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"/>INTERLOCVTORS.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"><s>SALVIATUS, SAGREDUS, &amp; SIMPLICIUS.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I know not whether your return to our 

<lb/>accu&longs;tomed conferences hath really been 

<lb/>later than u&longs;ual, or whether the de&longs;ire 

<lb/>of hearing the thoughts of <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>touching a matter &longs;o curious, hath 

<lb/>made me think it &longs;o: But I have tar&shy;

<lb/>ried a long hour at this window, expe&shy;

<lb/>cting every moment when the <emph type="italics"/>Gondola<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>would appear that I &longs;ent to fetch you.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I verily believe that your imagination more than our 

<lb/>tarriance hath prolonged the time: and to make no longer de&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg725"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>murre, it would be well, if without interpo&longs;ing more words, we 

<lb/>came to the matter it &longs;elf; and did &longs;hew, that nature hath per&shy;

<lb/>mitted (whether the bu&longs;ine&longs;s <emph type="italics"/>in rei veritate<emph.end type="italics"/> be &longs;o, or el&longs;e to play 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/392.jpg" pagenum="380"/>and &longs;port with our Fancies) hath, I &longs;ay, hath permitted that the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg726"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>motions for every other re&longs;pect, except to re&longs;olve the ebbing and 

<lb/>flowing of the Sea, a&longs;&longs;igned long &longs;ince to the earth, &longs;hould be found 

<lb/>now at la&longs;t to an&longs;wer exactly to the cau&longs;e thereof; and, as it 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg727"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>were, with mutual a emulation, the &longs;aid ebbing and flowing 

<lb/>to appear in confirmation of the Terre&longs;trial motion: the <emph type="italics"/>judices<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>whereof have hitherto been taken from the c&oelig;le&longs;tial Ph&aelig;nomena, 

<lb/>in regard that of tho&longs;e things that happen on Earth, not any one 

<lb/>was of force to prove one opinion more than another, as we al&shy;

<lb/>ready have at large proved, by &longs;hewing that all the terrene occur&shy;

<lb/>rences upon which the &longs;tability of the Earth and mobility of the 

<lb/>Sun and Firmament is commonly inferred, are to &longs;eem to us per&shy;

<lb/>formed in the &longs;ame manner, though we &longs;uppo&longs;ed the mobility of 

<lb/>the Earth, and the immobility of them. </s><s>The Element of Wa&shy;

<lb/>ter onely, as being mo&longs;t va&longs;t, and which is not annexed and con&shy;

<lb/>catenated to the Terre&longs;trial Globe as all its other &longs;olid parts are; 

<lb/>yea, rather which by rea&longs;on of its fluidity remaineth apart <emph type="italics"/>&longs;ui 

<lb/>juris,<emph.end type="italics"/> and free, is to be ranked among&longs;t tho&longs;e &longs;ublunary things, 

<lb/>from which we may collect &longs;ome hinte and intimation of what the 

<lb/>Earth doth in relation to motion and re&longs;t. </s><s>After I had many 

<lb/>and many a time examined with my &longs;elf the effects and accidents, 

<lb/>partly &longs;een and partly under&longs;tood from others, thar are to be ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erved in the motions of waters: and moreover read and heard 

<lb/>the great vanities produced by many, as the cau&longs;es of tho&longs;e acci&shy;

<lb/>dents, I have been induced upon no &longs;light rea&longs;ons to omit the&longs;e 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg728"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>two conclu&longs;ions (having made withal the nece&longs;&longs;ary pre&longs;uppo&shy;

<lb/>&longs;als) that in ca&longs;e the terre&longs;trial Globe be immoveable, the flux 

<lb/>and reflux of the Sea cannot be natural; and that, in ca&longs;e tho&longs;e 

<lb/>motions be conferred upon the &longs;aid Globe, which have been long 

<lb/>&longs;ince a&longs;&longs;igned to it, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that the Sea be &longs;ubject to eb&shy;

<lb/>bing and flowing, according to all that which we ob&longs;erve to hap&shy;

<lb/>pen in the &longs;ame.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg725"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Nature in &longs;port 

<lb/>maketh the ebbing 

<lb/>and flowing of the 

<lb/>Sea, to approve the 

<lb/>Earths mobility.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg726"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The tide, and 

<lb/>mobility of the 

<lb/>Earth mutually 

<lb/>confirm each other<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg727"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>All terrene ef&shy;

<lb/>fects, indifferently 

<lb/>confirm the motion 

<lb/>or re&longs;t of the 

<lb/>Earth, except the 

<lb/>ebbing and flowing 

<lb/>of the Sea.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg728"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The fir&longs;t gene&shy;

<lb/>ral conclu&longs;ion of 

<lb/>the impo&longs;&longs;ibility of 

<lb/>the ebbing and 

<lb/>flowing the immo&shy;

<lb/>bility of the terre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trial Globe being 

<lb/>granted.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The Propo&longs;ition is very con&longs;iderable, as well for it 

<lb/>&longs;elf as for what followeth upon the &longs;ame by way of con&longs;equence, 

<lb/>&longs;o that I &longs;hall the more inten&longs;ly hearken to the explanation and 

<lb/>confirmation of it.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg729"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg729"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The knowledge 

<lb/>of the offests con&shy;

<lb/>tributes to the in&shy;

<lb/>ve&longs;tigation of the 

<lb/>cau&longs;es.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Becau&longs;e in natural que&longs;tions, of which number this 

<lb/>which we have in hand is one, the knowledge of the effects is a 

<lb/>means to guide us to the inve&longs;tigation and di&longs;covery of the cau&shy;

<lb/>&longs;es, and without which we &longs;hould walk in the dark, nay with 

<lb/>more uncertainty, for that we know not whither we would go, 

<lb/>whereas the blind, at lea&longs;t, know where they de&longs;ire to arrive; there&shy;

<lb/>fore fir&longs;t of all it is nece&longs;&longs;ary to know the effects whereof we en&shy;

<lb/>quire the cau&longs;es: of which effects you, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> ought more 

<lb/>abundantly and more certainly to be informed than I am, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/393.jpg" pagenum="381"/>as one, that be&longs;ides your being born, and having, for a long 

<lb/>time, dwelt in <emph type="italics"/>Venice,<emph.end type="italics"/> where the Tides are very notable for their 

<lb/>greatne&longs;&longs;e, have al&longs;o &longs;ailed into <emph type="italics"/>Syria,<emph.end type="italics"/> and, as an ingenuous and 

<lb/>apprehen&longs;ive wit, mu&longs;t needs have made many Ob&longs;ervations up&shy;

<lb/>on this &longs;ubject: whereas I, that could onely for a time, and that 

<lb/>very &longs;hort, ob&longs;erve what happened in the&longs;e extream parts of the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Adriatick<emph.end type="italics"/> Gulph, and in our Seas below about the <emph type="italics"/>Tyrrhene<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>&longs;hores, mu&longs;t needs take many things upon the relation of o&shy;

<lb/>thers, who, for the mo&longs;t part, not very well agreeing, and con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;equently being very uncertain, contribute more of confu&longs;ion 

<lb/>than confirmation to our &longs;peculations. </s><s>Neverthele&longs;&longs;e, from tho&longs;e 

<lb/>that we are &longs;ure of, and which are the principal, I think I am a&shy;

<lb/>ble to attain to the true and primary cau&longs;es; not that I pretend 

<lb/>to be able to produce all the proper and adequate rea&longs;ons of 

<lb/>tho&longs;e effects that are new unto me, and which con&longs;equently I 

<lb/>could never have thought upon. </s><s>And that which I have to &longs;ay, 

<lb/>I propo&longs;e only, as a key that openeth the door to a path never 

<lb/>yet trodden by any, in certain hope, that &longs;ome wits more &longs;pecu&shy;

<lb/>lative than mine, will make a further progre&longs;&longs;e herin, and pene&shy;

<lb/>trate much farther than I &longs;hall have done in this my fir&longs;t Di&longs;co&shy;

<lb/>very: And although that in other Seas, remote from us, there may 

<lb/>happen &longs;everal accidents, which do not happen in our Mediter&shy;

<lb/>ranean Sea, yet doth not this invalidate the rea&longs;on and cau&longs;e that 

<lb/>I &longs;hall produce, if &longs;o be that it veri&longs;ie and fully re&longs;olve the ac&shy;

<lb/>cidents which evene in our Sea: for that in conclu&longs;ion there can 

<lb/>be but one true and primary cau&longs;e of the effects that are of the 

<lb/>&longs;ame kind. </s><s>I will relate unto you, therefore, the effects that I 

<lb/>know to be true, and a&longs;&longs;igne the cau&longs;es thereof that I think 

<lb/>to be true, and you al&longs;o, Gentlemen, &longs;hall produce &longs;uch 

<lb/>others as are known to you, be&longs;ides mine, and then we will 

<lb/>try whether the cau&longs;e, by me alledged, may &longs;atisfie them 

<lb/>al&longs;o.</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg730"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg730"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Three Periods 

<lb/>of ebbings and 

<lb/>flowings, diurnal, 

<lb/>monethly, and an&shy;

<lb/>nual.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>I therefore affirm the periods that are ob&longs;erved in the fluxes 

<lb/>and refluxes of the Sea-waters to be three: the fir&longs;t and princi&shy;

<lb/>pal is this great and mo&longs;t obvious one; namely, the diurnal, accor&shy;

<lb/>ding to which the intervals of &longs;ome hours with the waters flow and 

<lb/>ebbe; and the&longs;e intervals are, for the mo&longs;t part, in the Mediter&shy;

<lb/>rane from &longs;ix hours to &longs;ix hours, or thereabouts, that is, they for 

<lb/>&longs;ix hours flow, and for &longs;ix hours ebbe. </s><s>The &longs;econd period is 

<lb/>monethly, and it &longs;eemes to take its origen from the motion of 

<lb/>the Moon, not that it introduceth other motions, but only al&shy;

<lb/>tereth the greatne&longs;&longs;e of tho&longs;e before mentioned, with a notable 

<lb/>difference, according as it &longs;hall wax or wane, or come to the 

<lb/>Quadrature with the Sun. </s><s>The third Period is annual, and is 

<lb/>&longs;een to depend on the Sunne, and onely altereth the diurnal 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/394.jpg" pagenum="382"/>motions, by making them different in the times of the Sol&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tices, as to greatne&longs;&longs;e, from what they are in the Equinoxes.</s></p><p type="main"><s>We will &longs;peak (in the fir&longs;t place, of the diurnal motion, as 

<lb/>being the principal, and upon which the Moon and Sun &longs;eem to 

<lb/>exerci&longs;e their power &longs;econdarily, in their monethly and annual </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg731"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>alterations. </s><s>Three differences are ob&longs;ervable in the&longs;e horary 

<lb/>mutations; for in &longs;ome places the waters ri&longs;e and fall, without 

<lb/>making any progre&longs;&longs;ive motion; in others, without ri&longs;ing or fal&shy;

<lb/>ling they run one while towards the Ea&longs;t, and recur another 

<lb/>while towards the We&longs;t; and in others they vary the heights 

<lb/>and cour&longs;e al&longs;o, as happeneth here in <emph type="italics"/>Venice,<emph.end type="italics"/> where the Tides in 

<lb/>coming in ri&longs;e, and in going out fall; and this they do in the ex&shy;

<lb/>termities of the lengths of Gulphs that di&longs;tend from We&longs;t to 

<lb/>Ea&longs;t, and terminate in open &longs;hores, up along which &longs;hores the 

<lb/>Tide at time of flood hath room to extend it &longs;elf: but if the 

<lb/>courfe of the Tide were iutercepted by Cliffes and Banks of 

<lb/>great height and &longs;teepne&longs;&longs;e, there it will flow and ebbe without 

<lb/>any progre&longs;&longs;ive motion. </s><s>Again, it runs to and again, without 

<lb/>changing height in the middle parts of the Mediterrane, as nota&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg732"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>bly happeneth in the ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Faro de Me&longs;&longs;ina,<emph.end type="italics"/> between <emph type="italics"/>Scylla<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ca&shy;

<lb/>rybdis,<emph.end type="italics"/> where the Currents, by rea&longs;on of the narrowne&longs;&longs;e of 

<lb/>the Channel, are very &longs;wift; but in the more open Seas, and 

<lb/>about the I&longs;les that &longs;tand farther into the Mediterranean Sea, as 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg733"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Baleares, Cor&longs;ica, Sardignia, ^{*} Elba, Sicily<emph.end type="italics"/> towards the <emph type="italics"/>Affrican<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg734"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Coa&longs;ts, <emph type="italics"/>Malta, ^{*} Candia, &amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"/> the changes of watermark are 

<lb/>very &longs;mall; but the currents indeed are very notable, and e&longs;pe&shy;

<lb/>cially when the Sea is pent between I&longs;lands, or between them 

<lb/>and the Continent.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg731"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Varieties that 

<lb/>happen in the diur&shy;

<lb/>nal period.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg732"></margin.target>* A Strait, &longs;o 

<lb/>called.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg733"></margin.target>* Or Ilva.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg734"></margin.target>* Or Creta.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Now the&longs;e onely true and certain effects, were there no more 

<lb/>to be ob&longs;erved, do, in my judgment, very probably per&longs;wade 

<lb/>any man, that will contain him&longs;elf within the bounds of natu&shy;

<lb/>ral cau&longs;es, to grant the mobility of the Earth: for to make the 

<lb/>ve&longs;&longs;el (as it may be called) of the Mediterrane &longs;tand &longs;till, and to 

<lb/>make the water contained therein to do, as it doth, exceeds my 

<lb/>imagination, and perhaps every mans el&longs;e, who will but pierce 

<lb/>beyond the rinde in the&longs;e kind of inquiries.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The&longs;e accidents, <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> begin not now, they are 

<lb/>mo&longs;t ancient, and have been ob&longs;erved by very many, and &longs;everal 

<lb/>have attempted to a&longs;&longs;igne, &longs;ome one, &longs;ome another cau&longs;e for the 

<lb/>&longs;ame: and there dwelleth not many miles from hence a famous 

<lb/>Peripatetick, that alledgeth a cau&longs;e for the &longs;ame newly fi&longs;hed out 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg735"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of a certain Text of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> not well under&longs;tood by his Ex&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;itors, from which Text he collecteth, that the true cau&longs;e of 

<lb/>the&longs;e motions doth only proceed from the different profundities 

<lb/>of Seas: for that the waters of greate&longs;t depth being greater in 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/395.jpg" pagenum="383"/>abundance, and therefore more grave, drive back the Waters 

<lb/>of le&longs;&longs;e depth, which being afterwards rai&longs;ed, de&longs;ire to de&shy;

<lb/>&longs;cend, and from this continual colluctation or conte&longs;t proceeds 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg736"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the ebbing and flowing. </s><s>Again tho&longs;e that referre the &longs;ame to the 

<lb/>Moon are many, &longs;aying that &longs;he hath particular Dominion over 

<lb/>the Water; and at la&longs;t a certain Prelate hath publi&longs;hed a little 

<lb/>Treati&longs;e, wher in he &longs;aith that the Moon wandering too and 

<lb/>fro in the Heavens attracteth and draweth towards it a Ma&longs;&longs;e of 

<lb/>Water, which goeth continually following it, &longs;o that it is full Sea 

<lb/>alwayes in that part which lyeth under the Moon; and becau&longs;e, 

<lb/>that though &longs;he be under the Horizon, yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e the Tide 

<lb/>returneth, he &longs;aith that no more can be &longs;aid for the &longs;alving of that 

<lb/>particular, &longs;ave onely, that the Moon doth not onely naturally 

<lb/>retain this faculty in her &longs;elf; but in this ca&longs;e hath power to con&shy;

<lb/>fer it upon that degree of the Zodiack that is oppo&longs;ite unto it. 

<lb/></s><s>Others, as I believe you know, do &longs;ay that the Moon is able 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg737"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>with her temperate heat to rarefie the Water, which being ra&shy;

<lb/>refied, doth thereupon flow. </s><s>Nor hath there been wanting &longs;ome 

<lb/>that ----</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg735"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The cau&longs;e of the 

<lb/>abbing and flowing 

<lb/>alledged by a cer&shy;

<lb/>tain modern Phi&shy;

<lb/>lo&longs;opher.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg736"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The cau&longs;e of 

<lb/>the ebbing and 

<lb/>flowing a&longs;cribed to 

<lb/>the Moon by a 

<lb/>certain Prelate.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg737"></margin.target>Hieronymus Bor&shy;

<lb/>rius <emph type="italics"/>and other<emph.end type="italics"/> Pe&shy;

<lb/>ripateticks <emph type="italics"/>refer it 

<lb/>to the temperate 

<lb/>heat of the Moon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I pray you <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"/> let us hear no more of them, 

<lb/>for I do not think it is worth the while to wa&longs;t time in relating 

<lb/>them, or to &longs;pend our breath in confuting them; and for your 

<lb/>part, if you gave your a&longs;&longs;ent to any of the&longs;e or the like foole&shy;

<lb/>ries, you did a great injury to your judgment, which neverthe&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e I acknowledg to be very piercing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But I that am a little more flegmatick than you, <emph type="italics"/>Sagre-<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg738"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>dus,<emph.end type="italics"/> will &longs;pend a few words in favour of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> if haply 

<lb/>he thinks that any probability is to be found in tho&longs;e things that 

<lb/>he hath related. </s><s>I &longs;ay therefore: The Waters, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> that 

<lb/>have their exteriour &longs;uperficies higher, repel tho&longs;e that are infe&shy;

<lb/>riour to them, and lower; but &longs;o do not tho&longs;e Waters that are 

<lb/>of greate&longs;t profundity; and the higher having once driven back 

<lb/>the lower, they in a &longs;hort time grow quiet and ^{*} level. </s><s>This 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg739"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>your <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> mu&longs;t needs be of an opinion, that all the Lakes 

<lb/>in the World that are in a calme, and that all the Seas where 

<lb/>the ebbing and flowing is in&longs;en&longs;ible, are level in their bottoms; 

<lb/>but I was &longs;o &longs;imple, that I per&longs;waded my &longs;elf that had we no o&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg740"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ther plummet to &longs;ound with, the I&longs;les that advance &longs;o high a&shy;

<lb/>bove Water, had been a &longs;ufficient evidence of the unevenne&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>of their bottomes. </s><s>To that Prelate I could &longs;ay that the Moon 

<lb/>runneth every day along the whole Mediterrane, and yet its 

<lb/>Waters do not ri&longs;e thereupon &longs;ave onely in the very extream 

<lb/>bounds of it Ea&longs;tward, and here to us at <emph type="italics"/>Venice.<emph.end type="italics"/> And for tho&longs;e 

<lb/>that make the Moons temperate heat able to make the Water 

<lb/>&longs;well, bid them put fire under a Kettle full of Water, and hold 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/396.jpg" pagenum="384"/>their right hand therein till that the Water by rea&longs;on of the heat 

<lb/>do ri&longs;e but one &longs;ole inch, and then let them take it out, and 

<lb/>write off the tumefaction of the Sea. </s><s>Or at lea&longs;t de&longs;ire them to 

<lb/>&longs;hew you how the Moon doth to rarefie a certain part of the 

<lb/>Waters, and not the remainder; as for in&longs;tance, the&longs;e here of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Venice,<emph.end type="italics"/> and not tho&longs;e of <emph type="italics"/>Ancona, Naples, Genova<emph.end type="italics"/>: the truth is 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg741"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Poetick Wits are of two kinds, &longs;ome are ready and apt to 

<lb/>invent Fables, and others di&longs;po&longs;ed and inclined to believe them.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg738"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An&longs;wers to the 

<lb/>vanities alledged 

<lb/>as cau&longs;es of the eb&shy;

<lb/>bing and flowing.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg739"></margin.target>+ Or rather 

<lb/>&longs;mooth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg740"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The I&longs;les are to&shy;

<lb/>kens of the une&shy;

<lb/>venne&longs;&longs;e of the 

<lb/>bottomes of Seas.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg741"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Poetick wits of 

<lb/>two kinds.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe that no man believeth Fables, &longs;o long as he 

<lb/>knows them to be &longs;o; and of the opinions concerning the cau&longs;es 

<lb/>of ebbing and flowing, which are many, becau&longs;e I know that of 

<lb/>one &longs;ingle effect there is but one &longs;ingle cau&longs;e that is true and pri&shy;

<lb/>mary, I under&longs;tand very well, and am certain that but one alone 

<lb/>at the mo&longs;t can be true, and for all the re&longs;t I am &longs;ure that they are 

<lb/>fabulous, and fal&longs;e; and its po&longs;&longs;ible that the true one may not be 

<lb/>among tho&longs;e that have been hitherto produced; nay I verily be&shy;

<lb/>lieve that it is not, for it would be very &longs;trange that the truth 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg742"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;hould have &longs;o little light, as that it &longs;hould not be vi&longs;ible among&longs;t 

<lb/>the umbrages of &longs;o many fal&longs;hoods. </s><s>But this I &longs;hall &longs;ay with the 

<lb/>liberty that is permitted among&longs;t us, that the introduction of the 

<lb/>Earths motion, and the making it the cau&longs;e of the ebbing and 

<lb/>flowing of Tides, &longs;eemeth to me as yet a conjecture no le&longs;&longs;e fa&shy;

<lb/>bulous than the re&longs;t of tho&longs;e that I have heard; and if there 

<lb/>&longs;hould not be propo&longs;ed to me rea&longs;ons more conformable to natu&shy;

<lb/>ral matters, I would without any more ado proceed to believe 

<lb/>this to be a &longs;upernatural effect, and therefore miraculous, and 

<lb/>un&longs;earchable to the under&longs;tandings of men, as infinite others there 

<lb/>are, that immediately depend on the Omnipotent hand of God.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg743"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg742"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Truth hath not 

<lb/>&longs;o little light as 

<lb/>not to be di&longs;cover&shy;

<lb/>ed amid&longs;t the um&shy;

<lb/>brages of fal&shy;

<lb/>&longs;hoods.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg743"></margin.target>Ari&longs;totle <emph type="italics"/>holdeth 

<lb/>tho&longs;e effects to be 

<lb/>miraculous, of 

<lb/>which the cau&longs;es 

<lb/>are unknown.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You argue very prudently, and according to the 

<lb/>Doctrine of <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> who you know in the beginning of his 

<lb/>mechanical que&longs;tions referreth tho&longs;e things to a Miracle, the 

<lb/>cau&longs;es whereof are occult. </s><s>But that the cau&longs;e of the ebbing and 

<lb/>flowing is one of tho&longs;e that are not to be found out, I believe 

<lb/>you have no greater proof than onely that you &longs;ee, that among&longs;t 

<lb/>all tho&longs;e that have hitherto been produced for true cau&longs;es there&shy;

<lb/>of, there is not one wherewith, working by what artifice you 

<lb/>will, we are able to repre&longs;ent &longs;uch an effect; in regard that nei&shy;

<lb/>ther with the light of the Moon nor of the Sun, nor with 

<lb/>temperate heats, nor with different profundities, &longs;hall one ever 

<lb/>artificially make the Water conteined in an immoveable Ve&longs;&longs;el 

<lb/>to run one way or another, and to ebbe and flow in one place, 

<lb/>and not in another. </s><s>But if without any other artifice, but with 

<lb/>the onely moving of the Ve&longs;&longs;el, I am able punctually to repre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ent all tho&longs;e mutations that are ob&longs;erved in the Sea Water, why 

<lb/>will you refu&longs;e this rea&longs;on and run to a Miracle?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/397.jpg" pagenum="385"/><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will run to a Miracle &longs;till, if you do not with &longs;ome 

<lb/>other natural cau&longs;es, be&longs;ides that of the motion of the Ve&longs;&longs;els of 

<lb/>the Sea-water di&longs;&longs;wade me from it; for I know that tho&longs;e Ve&longs;&longs;els 

<lb/>move not, in regard that all the entire Terre&longs;trial Globe is natu&shy;

<lb/>rally immoveable.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But do not you think, that the Terre&longs;trial Globe might 

<lb/>&longs;upernaturally, that is, by the ab&longs;olute power of God, be made 

<lb/>moveable? </s><s>SIMP. </s><s>Who doubts it?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;eeing that to make the flux and 

<lb/>reflux of the Sea, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary to introduce a Miracle, let us 

<lb/>&longs;uppo&longs;e the Earth to move miraculou&longs;ly, upon the motion of 

<lb/>which the Sea moveth naturally: and this effect &longs;hall be al&longs;o the 

<lb/>more &longs;imple, and I may &longs;ay natural, among&longs;t the miraculous o&shy;

<lb/>perations, in that the making a Globe to move round, of which 

<lb/>kind we &longs;ee many others to move, is le&longs;&longs;e difficult than to make 

<lb/>an immen&longs;e ma&longs;&longs;e of water go forwards and backwards, in one 

<lb/>place more &longs;wiftly, and in another le&longs;&longs;e, and to ri&longs;e and fall in 

<lb/>&longs;ome places more; in &longs;ome le&longs;&longs;e, and in &longs;ome not at all: and to 

<lb/>work all the&longs;e different effects in one and the &longs;ame Ve&longs;&longs;el that 

<lb/>containeth it: be&longs;ides, that the&longs;e are &longs;everal Miracles, and that 

<lb/>is but one onely. </s><s>And here it may be added, that the Miracle 

<lb/>of making the water to move is accompanied with another, 

<lb/>namely, the holding of the Earth &longs;tedfa&longs;t again&longs;t impetuosities 

<lb/>of the water, able to make it &longs;wage &longs;ometimes one way, and 

<lb/>&longs;ometimes another, if it were not miraculou&longs;ly kept to rights.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Good <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> let us for the pre&longs;ent &longs;u&longs;pend our 

<lb/>judgement about &longs;entencing the new opinion to be vain that <emph type="italics"/>Sal&shy;

<lb/>viatus<emph.end type="italics"/> is about to explicate unto us, nor let us &longs;o ha&longs;tily flye out 

<lb/>into pa&longs;&longs;ion like the &longs;colding overgrown Haggs: and as for the 

<lb/>Miracle, we may as well recurre to it when we have done hea&shy;

<lb/>ring the Di&longs;cour&longs;es contained within the bounds of natural cau&shy;

<lb/>&longs;es: though to &longs;peak freely, all the Works of nature, or rather 

<lb/>of God, are in my judgement miraculous.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And I am of the &longs;ame opinion; nor doth my &longs;aying, 

<lb/>that the motion of the Earth is the Natural cau&longs;e of the ebbing 

<lb/>and flowing, hinder, but that the &longs;aid motion of the Earth may 

<lb/>be miraculous. </s><s>Now rea&longs;&longs;uming our Argument, I apply, and 

<lb/>once again affirm, that it hath been hitherto unknown how it 

<lb/>might be that the Waters contained in our Mediterranean 

<lb/>Straights &longs;hould make tho&longs;e motions, as we &longs;ee it doth, if &longs;o be 

<lb/>the &longs;aid Straight, or containing Ve&longs;&longs;el were immoveable. </s><s>And 

<lb/>that which makes the difficulty, and rendreth this matter inextri&shy;

<lb/>cable, are the things which I am about to &longs;peak of, and which 

<lb/>are daily ob&longs;erved. </s><s>Therefore lend me your attention.</s></p><p type="main"><s>We are here in <emph type="italics"/>Venice,<emph.end type="italics"/> where at this time the Waters are low, </s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/398.jpg" pagenum="386"/><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg744"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the Sea calm, the Air tranquil; &longs;uppo&longs;e it to be young flood, 

<lb/>and that in the term of five or &longs;ix hours the water do ri&longs;e ten 

<lb/>^{*} hand breadths and more; that ri&longs;e is not made by the fir&longs;t 

<lb/>water, which was &longs;aid to be rarefied, but it is done by the acce&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ion of new Water: Water of the &longs;ame &longs;ort with the former, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg745"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of the &longs;ame bracki&longs;hne&longs;s, of the &longs;ame den&longs;ity, of the &longs;ame 

<lb/>weight: Ships, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> float therein as in the former, with&shy;

<lb/>out drawing an hairs breadth more water; a Barrel of this &longs;econd 

<lb/>doth not weigh one &longs;ingle grain more or le&longs;s than &longs;uch another 

<lb/>quantity of the other, and retaineth the &longs;ame coldne&longs;s without 

<lb/>the lea&longs;t alteration: And it is, in a word, Water newly and vi&longs;i&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg746"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>bly entred by the Channels and Mouth of the ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Lio.<emph.end type="italics"/> Con&longs;ider 

<lb/>now, how and from whence it came thither. </s><s>Are there happly 

<lb/>hereabouts any Gulphs or Whirle pools in the bottom of the 

<lb/>Sea, by which the Earth drinketh in and &longs;pueth out the Water, 

<lb/>breathing as it were a great and mon&longs;truous Whale? </s><s>But if this 

<lb/>be &longs;o, how comes it that the Water doth not flow in the &longs;pace of 

<lb/>&longs;ix hours in <emph type="italics"/>Ancona,<emph.end type="italics"/> in ^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Ragu&longs;a,<emph.end type="italics"/> in <emph type="italics"/>Corfu,<emph.end type="italics"/> where the Tide is ve&shy;

<lb/>ry &longs;mall, and happly unob&longs;ervable? </s><s>Who will invent a way to 

<lb/>pour new Water into an immoveable Ve&longs;&longs;el, and to make that 

<lb/>it ri&longs;e onely in one determinate part of it, and in other places 

<lb/>not? </s><s>Will you &longs;ay, that this new Water is borrowed from the 

<lb/>Ocean, being brought in by the Straight of <emph type="italics"/>Gibraltar<emph.end type="italics"/>? </s><s>This 

<lb/>will not remove the doubt afore&longs;aid, but will beget a greater. 

<lb/></s><s>And fir&longs;t tell me what ought to be the current of that Water, 

<lb/>that entering at the Straights mouth, is carried in &longs;ix hours to 

<lb/>the remote&longs;t Creeks of the Mediterrane, at a di&longs;tance of two 

<lb/>or three thou&longs;and Miles, and that returneth the &longs;ame &longs;pace again 

<lb/>in a like time at its going back? </s><s>What would Ships do that lye out 

<lb/>at Sea? </s><s>What would become of tho&longs;e that &longs;hould be in the 

<lb/>Straights-mouth in a continual precipice of a va&longs;t accumulation of 

<lb/>Waters, that entering in at a Channel but eight Mile, broad, is to 

<lb/>give admittance to &longs;o much Water as in &longs;ix hours over-floweth a 

<lb/>tract of many hundred Miles broad, &amp; thou&longs;ands in length? </s><s>What 

<lb/>Tygre, what Falcon runneth or flyeth with &longs;o much &longs;wiftne&longs;s? 

<lb/></s><s>With the &longs;wiftne&longs;s, I &longs;ay, of above 400 Miles an hour. </s><s>The cur&shy;

<lb/>rents run (nor can it be denied) the long-wayes of the Gulph, but 

<lb/>&longs;o &longs;lowly, as that a Boat with Oars will out-go them, though in&shy;

<lb/>deed not without defalking for their wanderings. </s><s>Moreover, if this 

<lb/>Water come in at the Straight, the other doubt yet remaineth, 

<lb/>namely, how it cometh to flow here &longs;o high in a place &longs;o remote, 

<lb/>without fir&longs;t ri&longs;ing a like or greater height in the parts more adja&shy;

<lb/>cent? </s><s>In a word, I cannot think that either ob&longs;tinacy, or &longs;harpne&longs;s 

<lb/>of wit can ever find an an&longs;wer to the&longs;e Objections, nor con&longs;e&shy;

<lb/>quently to maintain the &longs;tability of the Earth again&longs;t them, keep&shy;

<lb/>ing within the bounds of Nature.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/399.jpg" pagenum="387"/><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg744"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is proved 

<lb/>impo&longs;&longs;ible that 

<lb/>there &longs;hould natu&shy;

<lb/>rally be any ebbing 

<lb/>and flowing, the 

<lb/>Earth being im&shy;

<lb/>moveable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg745"></margin.target>* Palms.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg746"></margin.target>+ <emph type="italics"/>Lio<emph.end type="italics"/> is a fair 

<lb/>Port in the Vene&shy;

<lb/>tian Gulph, lying 

<lb/>N. E. from the 

<lb/>City.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I have all the while perfectly apprehended you in this; 

<lb/>and I &longs;tand greedily attending to hear in what manner the&longs;e won&shy;

<lb/>ders may occur without ob&longs;truction from the motion already a&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;igned to the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The&longs;e effects being to en&longs;ue in con&longs;equence of the mo&shy;

<lb/>tions that naturally agree with the Earth, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that they 

<lb/>not onely meet with no impediment or ob&longs;tacle, but that they do 

<lb/>follow ea&longs;ily, &amp; not onely that they follow with facility, but with 

<lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ity, &longs;o as that it is impo&longs;&longs;ible that it &longs;hould &longs;ucceed otherwi&longs;e, 

<lb/>for &longs;uch is the property &amp; condition of things natural &amp; true. </s><s>Ha&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg747"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ving therefore &longs;hewen the impo&longs;&longs;ibility of rendring a rea&longs;on of the 

<lb/>motions di&longs;cerned in the Waters, &amp; at the &longs;ame time to maintain 

<lb/>the immobility of the ve&longs;&longs;el that containeth them: we may proceed 

<lb/>to enquire, whether the mobility of the Container may produce 

<lb/>the required effect, in the manner that it is ob&longs;erved to evene.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg747"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>True and natu&shy;

<lb/>ral effects follow 

<lb/>without difficulty.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>Two kinds of motions may be conferred upon a Ve&longs;&longs;el, where&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg748"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>by the Water therein contained, may acquire a faculty of flu&shy;

<lb/>ctuating in it, one while towards one &longs;ide, and another while 

<lb/>towards another; and there one while to ebbe, and another 

<lb/>while to flow. </s><s>The fir&longs;t is, when fir&longs;t one, and then another of 

<lb/>tho&longs;e &longs;ides is declined, for then the Water running towards the 

<lb/>inclining &longs;ide, will alternately be higher and lower, &longs;ometimes 

<lb/>on one &longs;ide, and &longs;ometimes on another. </s><s>But becau&longs;e that this 

<lb/>ri&longs;ing and abating is no other than a rece&longs;&longs;ion and acce&longs;&longs;ion to the 

<lb/>centre of the Earth, &longs;uch a motion cannot be a&longs;cribed to the Cavi&shy;

<lb/>ties of the &longs;aid Earth, that are the Ve&longs;&longs;els which contain the Wa&shy;

<lb/>ters; the parts of which Ve&longs;&longs;el cannot by any what&longs;oever motion 

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;igned to the Earth, be made to approach or recede from the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg749"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>centre of the &longs;ame: The other &longs;ort of motion is, when the 

<lb/>Ve&longs;&longs;el moveth (without inclining in the lea&longs;t) with a progre&longs;&longs;ive 

<lb/>motion, not uniform, but that changeth velocity, by &longs;ometimes 

<lb/>accellerating, and other times retarding: from which di&longs;parity 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg750"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>it would follow, that the Water contained in the Ve&longs;&longs;el its true, 

<lb/>but not fixed fa&longs;t to it, as its other &longs;olid parts, but by rea&longs;on of 

<lb/>its fluidity, as if it were &longs;eparated and at liberty, and not obli&shy;

<lb/>ged to follow all the mutations of its Container, in the retardation 

<lb/>of the Ve&longs;&longs;el, it keeping part of the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> before conceived, 

<lb/>would run towards the the preceding part, whereupon it would 

<lb/>of nece&longs;&longs;ity come to ri&longs;e; and on the contrary, if new velocity 

<lb/>&longs;hould be added to the Ve&longs;&longs;el, with retaining parts of its tardity, 

<lb/>&longs;taying &longs;omewhat behind, before it could habituate it &longs;elf to the 

<lb/>new <emph type="italics"/>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"/> it would hang back towards the following part, 

<lb/>where it would come to ri&longs;e &longs;omething. </s><s>The which effects we 

<lb/>may plainly declare and make out to the Sen&longs;e by the example of 

<lb/>one of tho&longs;e &longs;ame Barks yonder, which continually come from 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/400.jpg" pagenum="388"/><arrow.to.target n="marg751"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>^{*} <emph type="italics"/>Lizza-Fu&longs;ina,<emph.end type="italics"/> laden with fre&longs;h water, for the &longs;ervice of the City. 

<lb/></s><s>Let us therefore fancy one of tho&longs;e Barks, to come from thence 

<lb/>with moderate velocity along the Lake, carrying the water gently, 

<lb/>of which it is full: and then either by running a ground, or by 

<lb/>&longs;ome other impediment that it &longs;hall meet with, let it be notably 

<lb/>retarded. </s><s>The water therein contained &longs;hall not, by that means, 

<lb/>lo&longs;e, as the Bark doth, its pre-conceived <emph type="italics"/>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"/> but retaining 

<lb/>the &longs;ame, &longs;hall run forwards towards the prow, where it &longs;hall 

<lb/>ri&longs;e notably, falling as much a &longs;tern. </s><s>But if, on the contrary, 

<lb/>the &longs;aid Bark, in the mid&longs;t of its &longs;mooth cour&longs;e, &longs;hall have a new 

<lb/>velocity, with notable augmentation added to it, the water con&shy;

<lb/>tained before it can habituate it &longs;elf thereto, continuing in its 

<lb/>tardity, &longs;hall &longs;tay behinde, namely a &longs;tern, where of con&longs;e&shy;

<lb/>quence it &longs;hall mount, and abate for the &longs;ame at the prow. </s><s>This 

<lb/>effect is undoubted and manife&longs;t, and may hourly be experimen&shy;

<lb/>ted; in which I de&longs;ire that for the pre&longs;ent three particulars may 

<lb/>be noted. </s><s>The flr&longs;t is, that to make the water to ri&longs;e on one 

<lb/>&longs;ide of the ve&longs;&longs;el, there is no need of new water, nor that it run 

<lb/>thither, for&longs;aking the other &longs;ide. </s><s>The &longs;econd is, that the water 

<lb/>in the middle doth not ri&longs;e or fall notably, unle&longs;&longs;e the cour&longs;e of 

<lb/>the Bark were not before that very &longs;wift, and the &longs;hock or other 

<lb/>arre&longs;t that held it exceeding &longs;trong and &longs;udden, in which ca&longs;e its 

<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible, that not only all the water might run forwards, but 

<lb/>that the greater part thereof might i&longs;&longs;ue forth of the Bark: and 

<lb/>the &longs;ame al&longs;o would en&longs;ue, whil&longs;t that being under &longs;ail in a 

<lb/>&longs;mooth cour&longs;e, a mo&longs;t violent <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hould, upon an in&longs;tant, 

<lb/>overtake it: But when to its calme motion there is added a mo&shy;

<lb/>derate retardation or incitation, the middle parts (as I &longs;aid) un&shy;

<lb/>ob&longs;ervedly ri&longs;e and fall: and the other parts, according as they 

<lb/>are neerer to the middle, ri&longs;e the le&longs;&longs;e; and the more remote, 

<lb/>more. </s><s>The third is, that whereas the parts about the mid&longs;t do 

<lb/>make little alteration in ri&longs;ing and falling, in re&longs;pect of the wa&shy;

<lb/>ters of the &longs;ides; on the contrary, they run forwards and back&shy;

<lb/>wards very much, in compari&longs;on of the extreams. </s><s>Now, my 

<lb/>Ma&longs;ters, that which the Bark doth, in re&longs;pect of the water by it 

<lb/>contained, and that which the water contained doth, in re&shy;

<lb/>&longs;pect of the Bark its container, is the &longs;elf-&longs;ame, to an hair, with 

<lb/>that which the Mediterranean Ve&longs;&longs;el doth, in re&longs;pect of the wa&shy;

<lb/>ters in it contained, and that which the waters contained do, in 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg752"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>re&longs;pect of the Mediterranean Ve&longs;&longs;el their container. </s><s>It follow&shy;

<lb/>eth now that we demon&longs;trate how, and in what manner it is true, 

<lb/>that the Mediterrane, and all the other Straits; and in a word, 

<lb/>all the parts of the Earth do all move, with a motion notably 

<lb/>uneven, though no motion that is not regular and uniforme, is 

<lb/>thereby a&longs;&longs;igned to all the &longs;aid Globe taken collectively.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/401.jpg" pagenum="389"/><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg748"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Two &longs;orts of 

<lb/>motions of the con&shy;

<lb/>taining Ve&longs;&longs;el, may 

<lb/>make the contai&shy;

<lb/>ned water to ri&longs;e 

<lb/>and fall.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg749"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Cavities of 

<lb/>the Earth cannot 

<lb/>approach or go far&shy;

<lb/>ther from the cen&shy;

<lb/>tre of the &longs;ame.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg750"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The progpe&longs;&longs;ive 

<lb/>and uneven motion 

<lb/>may make the wa&shy;

<lb/>ter contained in a 

<lb/>Ve&longs;&longs;el to run to 

<lb/>and fro.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg751"></margin.target>+ A Town ly&shy;

<lb/>ing S. E. of <emph type="italics"/>Venice<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg752"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The parts of the 

<lb/>terre&longs;trial Globe 

<lb/>accelerate and re&shy;

<lb/>tard in their moti&shy;

<lb/>on.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This Propo&longs;ition, at fir&longs;t &longs;ight to me, that am neither 

<lb/>Geometrician nor A&longs;tronomer, hath the appearance of a very 

<lb/>great Paradox; and if it &longs;hould be true, that the motion of the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>whole,<emph.end type="italics"/> being regular, that of the parts, which are all united to 

<lb/>their <emph type="italics"/>whole,<emph.end type="italics"/> may be irregular, the Paradox will overthrow the 

<lb/>Axiome that affirmeth, <emph type="italics"/>Eandem e&longs;&longs;e rationem totius &amp; par&shy;

<lb/>tium.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will demon&longs;trate my Paradox, and leave it to your 

<lb/>care, <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> to defend the Axiome from it, or el&longs;e to re&shy;

<lb/>concile them; and my demon&longs;tration &longs;hall be &longs;hort and fa&shy;

<lb/>miliar, depending on the things largely handled in our prece&shy;

<lb/>dent conferences, without introducing the lea&longs;t &longs;yllable, in fa&shy;

<lb/>vour of the flux and reflux.</s></p><p type="main"><s>We have &longs;aid, that the motions a&longs;&longs;igned to the Terre&longs;trial 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg753"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Globe are two, the fir&longs;t Annual, made by its centre about the 

<lb/>circumference of the Grand Orb, under the Ecliptick, according 

<lb/>to the order of the Signes, that is, from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t; the other 

<lb/>made by the &longs;aid Globe revolving about its own centre in twenty 

<lb/>four hours; and this likewi&longs;e from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t: though a&shy;

<lb/>bout an Axis &longs;omewhat inclined, and not equidi&longs;tant from that 

<lb/>of the Annual conver&longs;ion. </s><s>From the mixture of the&longs;e two mo&shy;

<lb/>tions, each of it &longs;elf uniform, I &longs;ay, that there doth re&longs;ult an 

<lb/>uneven and deformed motion in the parts of the Earth. </s><s>Which, 

<lb/>that it may the more ea&longs;ily be under&longs;tood, I will explain, by 

<lb/>drawing a Scheme thereof. </s><s>And fir&longs;t, about the centre A [<emph type="italics"/>in 

<lb/>Fig. </s><s>1. of this Dialogue<emph.end type="italics"/>] I will de&longs;cribe the circumference of 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg754"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the Grand Orb B C, in which any point being taken, as B, 

<lb/>about it as a centre we will de&longs;cribe this le&longs;&longs;er circle D E F G, 

<lb/>repre&longs;enting the Terre&longs;trial Globe; the which we will &longs;uppo&longs;e 

<lb/>to run thorow the whole circumference of the Grand Orb, with 

<lb/>its centre B, from the We&longs;t towards the Ea&longs;t, that is, from the 

<lb/>part B towards C; and moreover we will &longs;uppo&longs;e the Terre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trial Globe to turn about its own centre B likewi&longs;e from We&longs;t 

<lb/>to Ea&longs;t, that is, according to the &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ion of the points 

<lb/>D E F G, in the &longs;pace of twenty four hours. </s><s>But here we 

<lb/>ought carefully to note, that a circle turning round upon its 

<lb/>own centre, each part of it mu&longs;t, at different times, move with 

<lb/>contrary motions: the which is manife&longs;t, con&longs;idering that whil&longs;t 

<lb/>the parts of the circumference, about the point D move to the 

<lb/>left hand, that is, towards E, the oppo&longs;ite parts that are about F, 

<lb/>approach to the right hand, that is, towards G; &longs;o that when 

<lb/>the parts D &longs;hall be in F, their motion &longs;hall be contrary to what 

<lb/>it was before. </s><s>when it was in D. Furthermore, the &longs;ame time 

<lb/>that the parts E de&longs;cend, if I may &longs;o &longs;peak, towards F, tho&longs;e in 

<lb/>G a&longs;cend towards D. </s><s>It being therefore pre&longs;uppo&longs;ed, that 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/402.jpg" pagenum="390"/><arrow.to.target n="marg755"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>there are &longs;uch contrarieties of motions in the parts of the Terre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trial Surface, whil&longs;t it turneth round upon its own centre, it is 

<lb/>nece&longs;&longs;ary, that in conjoyning this Diurnal Motion, with the other 

<lb/>Annual, there do re&longs;ult an ab&longs;olute motion for the parts of the 

<lb/>&longs;aid Terre&longs;trial Superficies, one while very accelerate, and ano&shy;

<lb/>ther while as &longs;low again. </s><s>The which is manife&longs;t, con&longs;idering 

<lb/>fir&longs;t the parts about D, the ab&longs;olute motion of which &longs;hall be 

<lb/>extream &longs;wift, as that which proceedeth from two motions made 

<lb/>both one way, namely, towards the left hand; the fir&longs;t of 

<lb/>which is part of the Annual Motion, common to all the parts of 

<lb/>the Globe, the other is that of the &longs;aid point D., carried likewi&longs;e 

<lb/>to the left, by the Diurnal Revolution; &longs;o that, in this ca&longs;e, the 

<lb/>Diurnal motion increa&longs;eth and accelerateth the Annual. </s><s>The 

<lb/>contrary to which happeneth in the oppo&longs;ite part F, which, whil&longs;t 

<lb/>it is by the common annual motion carried, together with the 

<lb/>whole Globe, towards the left, it happeneth to be carried by the 

<lb/>Diurnal conver&longs;ion al&longs;o towards the right: &longs;o that the Diur&shy;

<lb/>nal motion by that means detracteth from the Annual, where&shy;

<lb/>upon the ab&longs;olute motion, re&longs;ulting from the compo&longs;ition of both 

<lb/>the other, is much retarded. </s><s>Again, about the points E and G, 

<lb/>the ab&longs;olute motion becometh in a manner equal to the &longs;imple 

<lb/>Annual one, in regard that little or nothing increa&longs;eth or dimi&shy;

<lb/>ni&longs;heth it, as not tending either to the left hand, or to the right, 

<lb/>but downwards and upwards. </s><s>We will conclude therefore, that 

<lb/>like as it is true, that the motion of the whole Globe, and of 

<lb/>each of its parts, would be equal and uniforme, in ca&longs;e they did 

<lb/>move with one &longs;ingle motion, whether it were the meer Annual, 

<lb/>or the &longs;ingle Diurnal Revolution, &longs;o it is requi&longs;ite, that mixing 

<lb/>tho&longs;e two motions together, there do re&longs;ult thence for the parts 

<lb/>of the &longs;aid Globe irregular motions, one while accelerated, and 

<lb/>another while retarded, by means of the additions or &longs;ub&longs;tracti&shy;

<lb/>ons of the Diurnal conver&longs;ion from the annual circulation. </s><s>So 

<lb/>that, if it be true (and mo&longs;t true it is, as experience proves) that 

<lb/>the acceleration and retardation of the motion of the Ve&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;el, makes water contained therein to run to and again the long 

<lb/>waves of it, and to ri&longs;e and fall in its extreames, who will make 

<lb/>&longs;cruple of granting, that the &longs;aid effect may, nay ought to &longs;uc&shy;

<lb/>ceed in the Sea-waters, contained within their Ve&longs;&longs;els, &longs;ubject to 

<lb/>&longs;uch like alterations, and e&longs;pecially in tho&longs;e that di&longs;tend them&shy;

<lb/>&longs;elves long-wayes from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t, which is the cour&longs;e that 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg756"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the motion of tho&longs;e &longs;ame Ve&longs;&longs;els &longs;teereth? </s><s>Now this is the 

<lb/>mo&longs;t potent and primary cau&longs;e of the ebbing and flowing, with&shy;

<lb/>out the which no &longs;uch effect would en&longs;ue. </s><s>But becau&longs;e the par&shy;

<lb/>ticular accidents are many and various, that in &longs;everal places and 

<lb/>times are ob&longs;erved, which mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity have dependance 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/403.jpg" pagenum="391"/>on other different concomitant cau&longs;es, although they ought all 

<lb/>to have connexion with the primary; therefore it is convenient 

<lb/>that we propound and examine the &longs;everal accidents that may 

<lb/>be the cau&longs;es of &longs;uch different effects.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg753"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Demon&longs;trations 

<lb/>how the parts of 

<lb/>the terre&longs;triall 

<lb/>Globe accelerats 

<lb/>and ratard.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg754"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The parts of a 

<lb/>Circle regularly 

<lb/>moved about its 

<lb/>own centre move in 

<lb/>divers times with 

<lb/>contrary motions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg755"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The mixture of 

<lb/>the two motions 

<lb/>annnal and diur&shy;

<lb/>nal, cau&longs;eth the 

<lb/>inequality in the 

<lb/>motion of the parts 

<lb/>of the terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg756"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The mo&longs;t potent 

<lb/>and primary cau&longs;e 

<lb/>of the ebbing and 

<lb/>flowing.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>The fir&longs;t of which is, that when ever the water, by means of a 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg757"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>notable retardation or acceleration of the motion of the Ve&longs;&longs;el, 

<lb/>its container, &longs;hall have acquired a cau&longs;e of running towards this 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg758"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>or that extream, and &longs;hall be rai&longs;ed in the one, and abated in the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg759"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>other, it &longs;hall not neverthele&longs;&longs;e continue, for any time in that 

<lb/>&longs;tate, when once the primary cau&longs;e is cea&longs;ed: but by vertue of 

<lb/>its own gravity and natural inclination to level and grow, even it 

<lb/>&longs;hall &longs;peedily return backwards of its own accord, and, as being 

<lb/>grave and fluid, &longs;hall not only move towards <emph type="italics"/>&AElig;quilibrium<emph.end type="italics"/>; but 

<lb/>being impelled by its own <emph type="italics"/>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hall go beyond it, ri&longs;ing in 

<lb/>the part, where before it was lowe&longs;t; nor &longs;hall it &longs;tay here, but 

<lb/>returning backwards anew, with more reiterated reciprocations of 

<lb/>its undulations, it &longs;hall give us to know, that it will not from a 

<lb/>velocity of motion, once conceived, reduce it &longs;elf, in an in&longs;tant, 

<lb/>to the privation thereof, and to the &longs;tate of re&longs;t, but will &longs;ucce&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ively, by decrea&longs;ing a little and a little, reduce it &longs;elf unto the 

<lb/>&longs;ame, ju&longs;t in the &longs;ame manner as we &longs;ee a weight hanging at a 

<lb/>cord, after it hath been once removed from its &longs;tate of re&longs;t, that 

<lb/>is, from its perpendicularity, of its own accord, to return thither 

<lb/>and &longs;ettle it &longs;elf, but not till &longs;uch time as it &longs;hall have often 

<lb/>pa&longs;t to one &longs;ide, and to the other, with its reciprocall vi&shy;

<lb/>brations.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg757"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Sundry accidents 

<lb/>that happen in the 

<lb/>ebbings &amp; flowings<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg758"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The first acci&shy;

<lb/>dent.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg759"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Water rai&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ed in one end of 

<lb/>the Ve&longs;&longs;el return&shy;

<lb/>eth of its &longs;elf to<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>&AElig;quilibrium.</s></p><p type="main"><s>The &longs;econd accident to be ob&longs;erved is, that the before&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg760"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>declared reciprocations of motion come to be made and repeated 

<lb/>with greater or le&longs;&longs;er frequency, that is, under &longs;horter or longer 

<lb/>times, according to the different lengths of the Ve&longs;&longs;els contain&shy;

<lb/>ing the waters; &longs;o that in the &longs;horter &longs;paces the reciprocati&shy;

<lb/>ons are more frequent, and in the longer more rare: ju&longs;t as in 

<lb/>the former example of pendent bodies, the vibrations of tho&longs;e 

<lb/>that are hanged to longer cords are &longs;een to be le&longs;&longs;e frequent, 

<lb/>than tho&longs;e of them that hang at &longs;horter &longs;trings.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg760"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>In the &longs;horter 

<lb/>Vi&longs;&longs;els the undula&shy;

<lb/>tions of waters are 

<lb/>more frequent.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>And here, for a third ob&longs;ervation, it is to be noted, that not 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg761"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>onely the greater or le&longs;&longs;er length of the Ve&longs;&longs;el is a cau&longs;e that 

<lb/>the water maketh its reciprocations under different times; but 

<lb/>the greater or le&longs;&longs;er profundity worketh the &longs;ame effect. </s><s>And 

<lb/>it happeneth, that of waters contained in receptacles of equall 

<lb/>length, but of unequal depth, that which &longs;hall be the deepe&longs;t, 

<lb/>maketh its undulations under &longs;horter times, and the reciprocati&shy;

<lb/>ons of the &longs;hallower waters are le&longs;&longs;e frequent.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg761"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The greater 

<lb/>profundity maketh 

<lb/>the undulations of 

<lb/>waters more fre&shy;

<lb/>quent.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>Fourthly, there are two effects worthy to be noted, and di&shy;

<lb/>ligently ob&longs;erved, which the water worketh in tho&longs;e its vibra&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/404.jpg" pagenum="392"/><arrow.to.target n="marg762"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>tions; the one is its ri&longs;ing and falling alternately towards the 

<lb/>one and other extremity; the other is its moving and running, to 

<lb/>&longs;o &longs;peak, Horizontally forwards and backwards. </s><s>Which two dif&shy;

<lb/>ferent motions differently re&longs;ide in divers parts of the Water: 

<lb/>for its extream parts are tho&longs;e which mo&longs;t eminently ri&longs;e and fall; 

<lb/>tho&longs;e in the middle never ab&longs;olutely moving upwards and down&shy;

<lb/>wards, of the re&longs;t &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively tho&longs;e that are neere&longs;t to the ex&shy;

<lb/>treams ri&longs;e and fall proportionally more than the remote: but on 

<lb/>the contrary, touching the other progre&longs;&longs;ive motion forwards 

<lb/>and backwards, the middle parts move notably, going and re&shy;

<lb/>turning, and the waters that are in the extream parts gain no 

<lb/>ground at all; &longs;ave onely in ca&longs;e that in their ri&longs;ing they over&shy;

<lb/>flow their banks, and break forth of their fir&longs;t channel and re&shy;

<lb/>ceptacle; but where there is the ob&longs;tacle of banks to keep them 

<lb/>in, they onely ri&longs;e and fall; which yet hindereth not the waters 

<lb/>in the middle from fluctuating to and again; which likewi&longs;e 

<lb/>the other parts do in proportion, undulating more or le&longs;&longs;e, 

<lb/>according as they are neerer or more remote from the middle.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg763"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg762"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Water ri&longs;eth &amp; 

<lb/>falleth in the ex&shy;

<lb/>tream parts of the 

<lb/>Ve&longs;&longs;el, and runneth 

<lb/>to and fro in the 

<lb/>midst.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg763"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>An accident of 

<lb/>the Earths motions 

<lb/>impo&longs;&longs;ible to be re&shy;

<lb/>duced to practice 

<lb/>by art.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>The fifth particular accident ought the more attentively to be 

<lb/>con&longs;idered, in that it is impo&longs;&longs;ible to repre&longs;ent the effect there&shy;

<lb/>of by an experiment or example; and the accident is this. </s><s>In 

<lb/>the ve&longs;&longs;els by us framed with art, and moved, as the above&shy;

<lb/>named Bark, one while more, and another while le&longs;&longs;e &longs;wiftly, 

<lb/>the acceleration and retardation is imparted in the &longs;ame manner 

<lb/>to all the ve&longs;&longs;el, and to every part of it; &longs;o that whil&longs;t <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> the 

<lb/>Bark forbeareth to move, the parts precedent retard no more 

<lb/>than the &longs;ub&longs;equent, but all equally partake of the &longs;ame re&shy;

<lb/>tardment; and the &longs;elf-&longs;ame holds true of the acceleration, 

<lb/>namely, that conferring on the Bark a new cau&longs;e of grea&shy;

<lb/>ter velocity, the Prow and Poop both accelerate in one and 

<lb/>the &longs;ame manner. </s><s>But in huge great ve&longs;&longs;els, &longs;uch as are the very 

<lb/>long bottomes of Seas, albeit they al&longs;o are no other than cer&shy;

<lb/>tain cavities made in the &longs;olidity of the Terre&longs;trial Globe, 

<lb/>it alwayes admirably happeneth, that their extreams do not 

<lb/>unitedly equall, and at the &longs;ame moments of time increa&longs;e 

<lb/>and dimini&longs;h their motion, but it happeneth that when one of its 

<lb/>extreames hath, by vertue of the commixtion of the two 

<lb/>Motions, Diurnal, and Annual, greatly retarded its velocity, 

<lb/>the other extream is animated with an extream &longs;wift motion. 

<lb/></s><s>Which for the better under&longs;tanding of it we will explain, rea&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;uming a Scheme like to the former; in which if we do but &longs;up&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;e a tract of Sea to be long, <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> a fourth part, as is the arch 

<lb/>B C [<emph type="italics"/>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 2.] becau&longs;e the parts B are, as hath been already 

<lb/>declared, very &longs;wift in motion, by rea&longs;on of the union of the 

<lb/>two motions diurnal and annual, towards one and the &longs;ame way, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/405.jpg" pagenum="393"/>but the part C at the &longs;ame time is retarded in its motion, as be 

<lb/>ing deprived of the progre&longs;&longs;ion dependant on the diurnal motion: 

<lb/>If we &longs;uppo&longs;e, I &longs;ay, a tract of Sea as long as the arch B C, we 

<lb/>have already &longs;een, that its extreams &longs;hall move in the &longs;ame time 

<lb/>with great inequality. </s><s>And extreamly different would the velo&shy;

<lb/>cities of a tract of Sea be that is in length a &longs;emicircle, and pla&shy;

<lb/>ced in the po&longs;ition B C D, in regard that the extream B would 

<lb/>be in a mo&longs;t accelerate motion, and the other D, in a mo&longs;t &longs;low 

<lb/>one; and the intermediate parts towards C, would be in a 

<lb/>moderate motion. </s><s>And according as the &longs;aid tracts of Sea &longs;hall 

<lb/>be &longs;horter, they &longs;hall le&longs;&longs;e participate of this extravagant acci&shy;

<lb/>dent, of being in &longs;ome hours of the day with their parts diver&longs;ly 

<lb/>affected by velocity and tardity of motion. </s><s>So that, if, as in the fir&longs;t 

<lb/>ca&longs;e, we &longs;ee by experience that the acceleration and retardation, 

<lb/>though equally imparted to all the parts of the conteining Ve&longs;&longs;el, 

<lb/>is the cau&longs;e that the water contained, fluctuates too and again, what 

<lb/>may we think would happen in a Ve&longs;&longs;el &longs;o admirably di&longs;po&longs;ed, 

<lb/>that retardation and acceleration of motion is very unequally 

<lb/>contributed to its parts? </s><s>Certainly we mu&longs;t needs grant that 

<lb/>greater and more wonderful cau&longs;es of the commotions in the 

<lb/>Water ought to be looked for. </s><s>And though it may &longs;eem im&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;&longs;ible to &longs;ome, that in artificial Machines and Ve&longs;&longs;els we &longs;hould 

<lb/>be able to experiment the effects of &longs;uch an accident; yet ne&shy;

<lb/>verthele&longs;&longs;e it is not ab&longs;olutely impo&longs;&longs;ible to be done; and I have 

<lb/>by me the model of an Engine, in which the effect of the&longs;e admi&shy;

<lb/>rable commixtions of motions may be particularly ob&longs;erved. </s><s>But 

<lb/>as to what concerns our pre&longs;ent purpo&longs;e, that which you may 

<lb/>have hitherto comprehended with your imagination may &longs;uf&shy;

<lb/>fice.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I for my own particular very well conceive that this 

<lb/>admirable accident ought nece&longs;&longs;arily to evene in the Straights of 

<lb/>Seas, and e&longs;pecially in tho&longs;e that di&longs;tend them&longs;elves for a great 

<lb/>length from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t; namely according to the cour&longs;e of 

<lb/>the motions of the Terre&longs;trial Globe; and as it is in a certain 

<lb/>manner unthought of, and without a pre&longs;ident among the moti&shy;

<lb/>ons po&longs;&longs;ible to be made by us, &longs;o it is not hard for me to believe, 

<lb/>that effects may be derived from the &longs;ame, which are not to be i&shy;

<lb/>mitated by our artificial experiments.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The&longs;e things being declared, it is time that we pro&shy;

<lb/>ceed to examine the particular accidents, which, together with 

<lb/>their diver&longs;ities, are ob&longs;erved by experience in the ebbing and 

<lb/>flowing of the waters. </s><s>And fir&longs;t we need not think it hard to </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg764"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>gue&longs;&longs;e whence it happeneth, that in Lakes, Pooles, and al&longs;o in the 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;er Seas there is no notable flux and reflux; the which hath 

<lb/>two very &longs;olid rea&longs;ons. </s><s>The one is, that by rea&longs;on of the &longs;hort&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/406.jpg" pagenum="394"/><arrow.to.target n="marg765"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ne&longs;&longs;e of the Ve&longs;&longs;el, in its acquiring in &longs;everal hours of the day 

<lb/>&longs;everal degrees of velocity, they are with very little difference 

<lb/>acquired by all its parts; for as well the precedent as the &longs;ub&longs;e&shy;

<lb/>quent, that is to &longs;ay, both the Ea&longs;tern and We&longs;tern parts, do 

<lb/>accelerate and retard almo&longs;t in the &longs;ame manner; and withal 

<lb/>making that alteration by little and little, and not by giving the 

<lb/>motion of the conteining Ve&longs;&longs;el a &longs;udden check, and retard&shy;

<lb/>ment, or a &longs;udden and great impul&longs;e or acceleration; both it 

<lb/>and all its parts, come to be gently and equally impre&longs;&longs;ed with 

<lb/>the &longs;ame degrees of velocity; from which uniformity it follow&shy;

<lb/>eth, that al&longs;o the conteined water with but &longs;mall re&longs;i&longs;tance and 

<lb/>oppo&longs;ition, receiveth the &longs;ame impre&longs;&longs;ions, and by con&longs;equence 

<lb/>doth give but very ob&longs;cure &longs;ignes of its ri&longs;ing or falling, or of its 

<lb/>running towards one part or another. </s><s>The which effect is likewi&longs;e 

<lb/>manife&longs;tly to be &longs;een in the little artificial Ve&longs;&longs;els, wherein the 

<lb/>contained water doth receive the &longs;elf &longs;ame impre&longs;&longs;ions of veloci&shy;

<lb/>ty; when ever the acceleration and retardation is made by gentle 

<lb/>and uniform proportion. </s><s>But in the Straights and Bays that for a 

<lb/>great length di&longs;tend them&longs;elves from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t, the accele&shy;

<lb/>ration and retardation is more notable and more uneven, for 

<lb/>that one of its extreams &longs;hall be much retarded in motion, and 

<lb/>the other &longs;hall at the &longs;ame time move very &longs;wiftly: The reci&shy;

<lb/>procal libration or levelling of the water proceeding from the <emph type="italics"/>im&shy;

<lb/>petus<emph.end type="italics"/> that it had conceived from the motion of its container. 

<lb/></s><s>The which libration, as hath been noted, hath its undulations 

<lb/>very frequent in &longs;mall Ve&longs;&longs;els; from whence en&longs;ues, that though 

<lb/>there do re&longs;ide in the Terre&longs;trial motions the cau&longs;e of confer&shy;

<lb/>ring on the waters a motion onely from twelve hours to twelve 

<lb/>hours, for that the motion of the conteining Ve&longs;&longs;els do ex&shy;

<lb/>treamly accelerate and extreamly retard but once every day, 

<lb/>and no more; yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e this &longs;ame &longs;econd cau&longs;e depend&shy;

<lb/>ing on the gravity of the water which &longs;triveth to reduce it &longs;elf to 

<lb/>equilibration, and that according to the &longs;hortne&longs;&longs;e of the Ve&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;el hath its reciprocations of one, two, three, or more hours, this 

<lb/>intermixing with the fir&longs;t, which al&longs;o it &longs;elf in &longs;mall Ve&longs;&longs;els is 

<lb/>very little, it becommeth upon the whole altogether in&longs;en&longs;ible. 

<lb/></s><s>For the primary cau&longs;e, which hath the periods of twelve hours, 

<lb/>having not made an end of imprinting the precedent commoti&shy;

<lb/>on, it is overtaken and oppo&longs;ed by the other &longs;econd, depen&shy;

<lb/>dant on the waters own weight, which according to the brevity 

<lb/>and profundity of the Ve&longs;&longs;el, hath the time of its undulations of 

<lb/>one, two, three, four, or more hours; and this contending 

<lb/>with the other former one, di&longs;turbeth and removeth it, not per&shy;

<lb/>mitting it to come to the height, no nor to the half of its moti&shy;

<lb/>on; and by this conte&longs;tation the evidence of the ebbing and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/407.jpg" pagenum="395"/>flowing is wholly annihilated, or at lea&longs;t very much ob&longs;cured. 

<lb/></s><s>I pa&longs;&longs;e by the continual alteration of the air, which di&longs;quieting 

<lb/>the water, permits us not to come to a certainty, whether any, 

<lb/>though but &longs;mall, encrea&longs;e or abatement of half an inch, or 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e, do re&longs;ide in the Straights, or receptacles of water not a&shy;

<lb/>bove a degree or two in length.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg764"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Rea&longs;ons renew&shy;

<lb/>ed of the particu&shy;

<lb/>lar accidents ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erved in the eb&shy;

<lb/>bings and flowings.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg765"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Second cau&longs;es 

<lb/>why in &longs;mall Seas 

<lb/>and in Lakes there 

<lb/>are no ebbings and 

<lb/>flowings.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>I come in the &longs;econd place to re&longs;olve the que&longs;tion, why, there 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg766"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>not re&longs;iding any vertue in the primary principle of commoving 

<lb/>the waters, &longs;ave onely every twelve hours, that is to &longs;ay, once 

<lb/>by the greate&longs;t velocity, and once by the greate&longs;t tardity of 

<lb/>motion; the ebbings and flowings &longs;hould yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e ap&shy;

<lb/>pear to be every &longs;ix hours. </s><s>To which is an&longs;wered, that this de&shy;

<lb/>termination cannot any wayes be taken from the primary cau&longs;e 

<lb/>onely; but there is a nece&longs;&longs;ity of introducing the &longs;econdary cau&shy;

<lb/>&longs;es, as namely the greater or le&longs;&longs;e length of the Ve&longs;&longs;els, and 

<lb/>the greater or le&longs;&longs;e depth of the waters in them conteined. 

<lb/></s><s>Which cau&longs;es although they have not any operation in the moti&shy;

<lb/>ons of the waters, tho&longs;e operations belonging to the &longs;ole prima&shy;

<lb/>ry cau&longs;e, without which no ebbing or flowing would happen, 

<lb/>yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e they have a principal &longs;hare in determining the 

<lb/>times or periods of the reciprocations, and herein their influ&shy;

<lb/>ence is &longs;o powerful, that the primary cau&longs;e mu&longs;t of force give 

<lb/>way unto them. </s><s>The period of &longs;ix hours therefore is no more 

<lb/>proper or natural than tho&longs;e of other intervals of times, though 

<lb/>indeed its the mo&longs;t ob&longs;erved, as agreeing with our Mediterrane, 

<lb/>which was the onely Sea that for many Ages was navigated: 

<lb/>though neither is that period ob&longs;erved in all its parts; for 

<lb/>that in &longs;ome more angu&longs;t places, &longs;uch as are the <emph type="italics"/>Helle&shy;

<lb/>&longs;pont,<emph.end type="italics"/> and the <emph type="italics"/>&AElig;gean<emph.end type="italics"/> Sea, the periods are much &longs;horter, 

<lb/>and al&longs;o very divers among&longs;t them&longs;elves; for which diver&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ities, and their cau&longs;es incomprehen&longs;ible to <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;ome 

<lb/>&longs;ay, that after he had a long time ob&longs;erved it upon &longs;ome 

<lb/>cliffes of <emph type="italics"/>Negropont,<emph.end type="italics"/> being brought to de&longs;peration, he threw 

<lb/>him&longs;elf into the adjoyning <emph type="italics"/>Euripus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and voluntarily drowned 

<lb/>him&longs;elf.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg766"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The rea&longs;on gi&shy;

<lb/>ven, why the eb&shy;

<lb/>bings and flowings, 

<lb/>for the mo&longs;t part, 

<lb/>are every &longs;ix 

<lb/>hours.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>In the third place we have the rea&longs;on ready at hand, whence 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg767"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>it commeth to pa&longs;&longs;e, that &longs;ome Seas, although very long, as is 

<lb/>the Red Sea, are almo&longs;t altogether exempt from Tides, which 

<lb/>happeneth becau&longs;e their length extendeth not from Ea&longs;t to 

<lb/>We&longs;t, but rather tran&longs;ver&longs;ly from the Southea&longs;t to the North&shy;

<lb/>we&longs;t; but the motions of the Earth going from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t; 

<lb/>the impul&longs;es of the water, by that means, alwayes happen to fall 

<lb/>in the Meridians, and do not move from parallel to parallel; 

<lb/>in&longs;omuch that in the Seas that extend them&longs;elves athwart to&shy;

<lb/>wards the Poles, and that the contrary way are narrow, there is 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/408.jpg" pagenum="396"/>no cau&longs;e of ebbing and flowing, &longs;ave onely by the participation 

<lb/>of another Sea, wherewith it hath communication, that is &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>ject to great commotions.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg768"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg767"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The cau&longs;e why 

<lb/>&longs;ome Seas, though 

<lb/>very long, &longs;uffer 

<lb/>no ebbing and 

<lb/>flowing.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg768"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Ebbings and 

<lb/>flowings why grea&shy;

<lb/>te&longs;t in the extre&shy;

<lb/>mities of gulphs, 

<lb/>and lea&longs;t in the 

<lb/>middle parts.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>In the fourth place we &longs;hall very ea&longs;ily find out the rea&longs;on 

<lb/>why the fluxes and refluxes are greate&longs;t, as to the waters ri&longs;ing 

<lb/>and falling in the utmo&longs;t extremities of Gulphs, and lea&longs;t in the 

<lb/>intermediate parts; as daily experience &longs;heweth here in <emph type="italics"/>Venice,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>lying in the farther end of the <emph type="italics"/>Adriatick<emph.end type="italics"/> Sea, where that diffe&shy;

<lb/>rence commonly amounts to five or &longs;ix feet; but in the places 

<lb/>of the Mediterrane, far di&longs;tant from the extreams, that mutati&shy;

<lb/>on is very &longs;mall, as in the I&longs;les of <emph type="italics"/>Cor&longs;ica<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Sardinnia,<emph.end type="italics"/> and 

<lb/>in the Strands of <emph type="italics"/>Rome<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ligorne,<emph.end type="italics"/> where it exceeds not half a 

<lb/>foot; we &longs;hall under&longs;tand al&longs;o, why on the contrary, where 

<lb/>the ri&longs;ings and fallings are &longs;mall, the cour&longs;es and recour&longs;es are 

<lb/>great: I &longs;ay it is an ea&longs;ie thing to under&longs;tand the cau&longs;es of the&longs;e 

<lb/>accidents, &longs;eeing that we meet with many manife&longs;t occurrences 

<lb/>of the &longs;ame nature in every kind of Ve&longs;&longs;el by us artificially com&shy;

<lb/>po&longs;ed, in which the &longs;ame effects are ob&longs;erved naturally to fol&shy;

<lb/>low upon our moving it unevenly, that is, one while fa&longs;ter, and 

<lb/>another while &longs;lower.</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg769"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg769"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Why in narrow 

<lb/>places the cour&longs;e 

<lb/>of the waters is 

<lb/>more &longs;wift than in 

<lb/>larger.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>Moreover, con&longs;idering in the fifth place, that the &longs;ame 

<lb/>quantity of Water being moved, though but gently, in a &longs;patious 

<lb/>Channel, comming afterwards to go through a narrow pa&longs;&longs;age, 

<lb/>will of nece&longs;&longs;ity run, with great violence, we &longs;hall not finde it hard 

<lb/>to comprehend the cau&longs;e of the great Currents that are made 

<lb/>in the narrow Channel that &longs;eparateth <emph type="italics"/>Calabria<emph.end type="italics"/> from <emph type="italics"/>Sicilia:<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>for that all the Water that, by the &longs;paciou&longs;ne&longs;&longs;e of the I&longs;le, 

<lb/>and by the <emph type="italics"/>Ionick<emph.end type="italics"/> Gulph, happens to be pent in the Ea&longs;tern 

<lb/>part of the Sea, though it do in that, by rea&longs;on of its largene&longs;s, 

<lb/>gently de&longs;cend towards the We&longs;t, yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e, in that it 

<lb/>is pent up in the <emph type="italics"/>Bo&longs;phorus,<emph.end type="italics"/> it floweth with great violence be&shy;

<lb/>tween <emph type="italics"/>Scilla<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Caribdis,<emph.end type="italics"/> and maketh a great agitation. </s><s>Like to 

<lb/>which, and much greater, is &longs;aid to be betwixt <emph type="italics"/>Africa<emph.end type="italics"/> and the 

<lb/>great I&longs;le of St. <emph type="italics"/>Lorenzo,<emph.end type="italics"/> where the Waters of the two va&longs;t 

<lb/>Seas, <emph type="italics"/>Indian<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Ethiopick,<emph.end type="italics"/> that lie round it, mu&longs;t needs be 

<lb/>&longs;traightned into a le&longs;&longs;e Channel between the &longs;aid I&longs;le and the 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ethiopian<emph.end type="italics"/> Coa&longs;t. </s><s>And the Currents mu&longs;t needs be very great 

<lb/>in the Straights of <emph type="italics"/>Magellanes,<emph.end type="italics"/> which joyne together the 

<lb/>va&longs;t Oceans of <emph type="italics"/>Ethiopia,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Del Zur,<emph.end type="italics"/> called al&longs;o the <emph type="italics"/>Pacifick<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Sea.</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg770"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg770"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A di&longs;cu&longs;&longs;ion of 

<lb/>&longs;ome more ab&longs;tru&longs;e 

<lb/>accidents ob&longs;erved 

<lb/>in the ebbing and 

<lb/>flowing.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>It follows now, in the &longs;ixth place, that to render a rea&longs;on of 

<lb/>&longs;ome more ab&longs;tru&longs;e and incredible accidents, which are ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>ved upon this occa&longs;ion, we make a con&longs;iderable reflection upon 

<lb/>the two principal cau&longs;es of ebbings and flowings, afterwards 

<lb/>compounding and mixing them together. </s><s>The fir&longs;t and &longs;imple&longs;t 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/409.jpg" pagenum="397"/>of which is (as hath often been &longs;aid) the determinate accelera&shy;

<lb/>tion and retardation of the parts of the Earth, from whence 

<lb/>the Waters have a determinate period put to their decur&longs;ions 

<lb/>towards the Ea&longs;t, and return towards the We&longs;t, in the time of 

<lb/>twenty &longs;our hours. </s><s>The other is that which dependeth on the pro&shy;

<lb/>per gravity of the Water, which being once commoved by the 

<lb/>primary cau&longs;e, &longs;eeketh, in the next place, to reduce it &longs;elf to <emph type="italics"/>&AElig;&shy;

<lb/>quilibrium,<emph.end type="italics"/> with iterated reciprocations; which are not deter&shy;

<lb/>mined by one &longs;ole and prefixed time; but have as many varie&shy;

<lb/>ties of times as are the different lengths and profundities of the 

<lb/>receptacles, and Straights of Seas; and by what dependeth on 

<lb/>this &longs;econd principle, they would ebbe. </s><s>and flow, &longs;ome in one 

<lb/>hour, others in two, in four, in &longs;ix, in eight, in ten, &amp;c. </s><s>Now if 

<lb/>we begin to put together the fir&longs;t cau&longs;e, which hath its &longs;et Period 

<lb/>from twelve hours to twelve hours, with &longs;ome one of the &longs;econ&shy;

<lb/>dary, that hath its Period <emph type="italics"/>verb. </s><s>grat.<emph.end type="italics"/> from five hours to five 

<lb/>hours, it would come to pa&longs;&longs;e, that at &longs;ometimes the primary 

<lb/>cau&longs;e and &longs;econdary would accord to make impul&longs;es both one 

<lb/>and the &longs;ame way; and in this concurrency, and (as one may call 

<lb/>it) unanimous con&longs;piration the flowings &longs;hall be great. </s><s>At other 

<lb/>times it happening that the primary impul&longs;e doth, in a certain 

<lb/>manner, oppo&longs;e that which the &longs;econdary Period would make, 

<lb/>and in this conte&longs;t one of the Principles being taken away, that 

<lb/>which the other would give, will weaken the commotion of the 

<lb/>Waters, and the Sea will return to a very tranquil State, and 

<lb/>almo&longs;t immoveable. </s><s>And at other times, according as the two 

<lb/>afore&longs;aid Principles &longs;hall neither altogether conte&longs;t, nor altoge&shy;

<lb/>ther concur, there &longs;hall be other kinds of alterations made in 

<lb/>the increa&longs;e and diminution of the ebbing and flowing. </s><s>It may 

<lb/>likewi&longs;e fall out that two Seas, con&longs;iderably great and which 

<lb/>communicate by &longs;ome narrow Channel, may chance to have, by 

<lb/>rea&longs;on of the mixtion of the two Principles of motion, one 

<lb/>cau&longs;e to flow at the time that the other hath cau&longs;e to move a 

<lb/>contrary way; in which ca&longs;e in the Channel, whereby they di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>imbogue them&longs;elves into each other, there do extraordinary 

<lb/>conturbations in&longs;ue, with oppo&longs;ite and vortick motions, and 

<lb/>mo&longs;t dangerous boilings and breakings, as frequent relations 

<lb/>and experiences do a&longs;&longs;ure us. </s><s>From &longs;uch like di&longs;cordant moti&shy;

<lb/>ons, dependent not onely on the differenr po&longs;itions and longi&shy;

<lb/>tudes, but very much al&longs;o upon the different profundities of the 

<lb/>Seas, which have the &longs;aid intercour&longs;e there do happen at &longs;ome&shy;

<lb/>times different commotions in the Waters, irregular, and that 

<lb/>can be reduced to no rules of ob&longs;ervation, the rea&longs;ons of which 

<lb/>have much troubled, and alwayes do trouble Mariners, for that 

<lb/>they meet with them without &longs;eeing either impul&longs;e of winds, or 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/410.jpg" pagenum="398"/>other eminent aereal alteration that might occa&longs;ion the &longs;ame; of 

<lb/>which di&longs;turbance of the Air we ought to make great account 

<lb/>in other accidents, and to take it for a third and accidental 

<lb/>cau&longs;e, able to alter very much the ob&longs;ervation of the effects de&shy;

<lb/>pending on the &longs;econdary and more e&longs;&longs;ential cau&longs;es. </s><s>And it is 

<lb/>not to be doubted, but that impetuous windes, continuing to 

<lb/>blow, for example, from the Ea&longs;t, they &longs;hall retein the Waters 

<lb/>and prohibit the reflux or ebbing; whereupon the &longs;econd and 

<lb/>third reply of the flux or tide overtaking the former, at the 

<lb/>hours prefixed, they will &longs;well very high; and being thus born 

<lb/>up for &longs;ome dayes, by the &longs;trength of the Winds, they &longs;hall ri&longs;e 

<lb/>more than u&longs;ual, making extraordinary inundations.</s></p><p type="main"><s>We ought al&longs;o, (and this &longs;hall &longs;erve for a &longs;eventh Probleme) 

<lb/>to take notice of another cau&longs;e of motion dependant on the 

<lb/>great abundance of the Waters of great Rivers that di&longs;charge </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg771"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>them&longs;elves into Seas of no great capacity, whereupon in the 

<lb/>Straits or <emph type="italics"/>Bo&longs;phori<emph.end type="italics"/> that communicate with tho&longs;e Seas, the Waters 

<lb/>are &longs;een to run always one way: as it happeneth in the <emph type="italics"/>Thraci&shy;

<lb/>an Bo&longs;phorus<emph.end type="italics"/> below <emph type="italics"/>Con&longs;tantinople,<emph.end type="italics"/> where the water alwayes 

<lb/>runneth from the <emph type="italics"/>Black-Sea,<emph.end type="italics"/> towards the <emph type="italics"/>Propontis<emph.end type="italics"/>: For in the 

<lb/>&longs;aid <emph type="italics"/>Black-Sea<emph.end type="italics"/> by rea&longs;on of its &longs;hortne&longs;&longs;e, the principal cau&longs;es 

<lb/>of ebbing and flowing are but of &longs;mall force. </s><s>But, on the con&shy;

<lb/>trary, very great Rivers falling into the &longs;ame, tho&longs;e huge de&shy;

<lb/>fluxions of water being to pa&longs;&longs;e and di&longs;gorge them&longs;elves by the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg772"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the Straight, the ^{*}cour&longs;e is there very notable and alwayes to&shy;

<lb/>wards the South. </s><s>Where moreover we ought to take notice, that 

<lb/>the &longs;aid Straight or Channel, albeit very narrow, is not &longs;ubject 

<lb/>to perturbations, as the Straight of <emph type="italics"/>Soilla<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Carybdis<emph.end type="italics"/>; for that 

<lb/>that hath the <emph type="italics"/>Black-Sea<emph.end type="italics"/> above towards the North, and the <emph type="italics"/>Pro&shy;

<lb/>pontis,<emph.end type="italics"/> the <emph type="italics"/>&AElig;gean,<emph.end type="italics"/> and the <emph type="italics"/>Mediterranean<emph.end type="italics"/> Seas joyned unto it, 

<lb/>though by a long tract towards the South; but now, as we have 

<lb/>ob&longs;erved, the Seas, though of never &longs;o great length, lying North 

<lb/>and South, are not much &longs;ubject to ebbings and flowings; but 

<lb/>becau&longs;e the <emph type="italics"/>Sicilian<emph.end type="italics"/> Straight is &longs;ituate between the parts of the 

<lb/>Mediterrane di&longs;tended for a long tract or di&longs;tance from We&longs;t to 

<lb/>Ea&longs;t, that is, according to the cour&longs;e of the fluxes and refluxes, 

<lb/>therefore in this the agitations are very great; and would be 

<lb/>much more violent between <emph type="italics"/>Hercules Pillars,<emph.end type="italics"/> in ca&longs;e the 

<lb/>Straight of <emph type="italics"/>Gibraltar<emph.end type="italics"/> did open le&longs;&longs;e; and tho&longs;e of the Straight of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Magellanes<emph.end type="italics"/> are reported to be extraordinary violent.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg771"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The cau&longs;e why, 

<lb/>in &longs;ome narrow 

<lb/>Channels, we &longs;ee 

<lb/>the Sea-waters run 

<lb/>alwayes one way.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg772"></margin.target>* Or current.</s></p><p type="main"><s>This is what, for the pre&longs;ent, cometh into my mind to &longs;ay unto 

<lb/>you about the cau&longs;es of this fir&longs;t period diurnal of the Tide, and 

<lb/>its various accidents, touching which, if you have any thing to 

<lb/>offer, you may let us hear it, that &longs;o we may afterwards pro&shy;

<lb/>ceed to the other two periods, monethly and annual.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/411.jpg" pagenum="399"/><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>In my opinion, it cannot be denied, but that your di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cour&longs;e carrieth with it much of probability, arguing, as we &longs;ay, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>ex &longs;uppo&longs;itione,<emph.end type="italics"/> namely, granting that the Earth moveth with 

<lb/>the two motions a&longs;&longs;igned it by <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/>: but if that motion 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg773"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>be di&longs;proved, all that you have &longs;aid is vain, and in&longs;ignificant: 

<lb/>and for the di&longs;proval of that <emph type="italics"/>Hypothe&longs;is,<emph.end type="italics"/> it is very manife&longs;tly 

<lb/>hinted by your Di&longs;cour&longs;e it &longs;elf. </s><s>You, with the &longs;uppo&longs;ition of 

<lb/>the two Terre&longs;trial motions, give a rea&longs;on of the ebbing and 

<lb/>flowing; and then again, arguing circularly, from the ebbing 

<lb/>and flowing, draw the rea&longs;on and confirmation of tho&longs;e very 

<lb/>motions; aud &longs;o proceeding to a more &longs;pecious Di&longs;cour&longs;e, you 

<lb/>&longs;ay that the Water, as being a fluid body, and not tenaciou&longs;ly 

<lb/>annexed to the Earth, is not con&longs;trained punctually to obey eve&shy;

<lb/>ry of its motions, from which you afterwards infer its ebbing 

<lb/>and flowing, Now I, according to your own method, argue 

<lb/>the quite contrary, and &longs;ay; the Air is much more tenuous, and 

<lb/>fluid than the Water, and le&longs;&longs;e annexed to the Earths &longs;uperfici&shy;

<lb/>es, to which the Water, if it be for nothing el&longs;e, yet by rea&longs;on 

<lb/>of its gravity that pre&longs;&longs;eth down upon the &longs;ame more than the 

<lb/>light Air, adhereth; therefore the Air is much obliged to fol&shy;

<lb/>low the motions of the Earth: and therefore were it &longs;o, that the 

<lb/>Earth did move in that manner, we the inhabitants of it, and 

<lb/>carried round with like velocity by it, ought perpetually to feel 

<lb/>a Winde from the Ea&longs;t that beateth upon us with intolerable 

<lb/>force. </s><s>And that &longs;o it ought to fall out, quotidian experience a&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ureth us: for if with onely riding po&longs;t, at the &longs;peed of eight or 

<lb/>ten miles an hour in the tranquil Air, the incountering of it with 

<lb/>our face &longs;eemeth to us a Winde that doth not lightly blow upon 

<lb/>us, what &longs;hould we expect from our rapid cour&longs;e of 800. or a 

<lb/>thou&longs;and miles an hour, again&longs;t the Air, that is, free from that 

<lb/>motion? </s><s>And yet, notwith&longs;tanding we cannot perceive any 

<lb/>thing of that nature.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg773"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Hypothe&longs;ir 

<lb/>of the Earths mo&shy;

<lb/>bility taken in fa&shy;

<lb/>vour of the Tide, 

<lb/>oppo&longs;ed.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>To this objection that hath much of likelihood in it, I 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg774"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>reply, that its true, the Air is of greater tenuity and levity; and, 

<lb/>by rea&longs;on of its levity, le&longs;&longs;e adherent to the Earth than Water &longs;o 

<lb/>much more grave and ^{*}bulky; but yet the con&longs;equence is fal&longs;e 

<lb/>that you infer from the&longs;e qualities; namely, that upon account 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg775"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of that its levity, tenuity, and le&longs;&longs;e adherence to the Earth, it 

<lb/>&longs;hould be more exempt than the Water from following the 

<lb/>Terre&longs;trial Motions; &longs;o as that to us, who ab&longs;olutely pertake of 

<lb/>of them, the &longs;aid exemption &longs;hould be &longs;en&longs;ible and manife&longs;t; 

<lb/>nay, it happeneth quite contrary; for, if you well remember, the 

<lb/>cau&longs;e of the ebbing and flowing of the Water a&longs;&longs;igned by us, 

<lb/>con&longs;i&longs;teth in the Waters not following the unevenne&longs;&longs;e of the 

<lb/>motion of its Ve&longs;&longs;el, but retaining the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> conceived before, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/412.jpg" pagenum="400"/>without dimini&longs;hing or increa&longs;ing it according to the preci&longs;e rate 

<lb/>of its dimini&longs;hing or increa&longs;ing in its Ve&longs;&longs;el. </s><s>Becau&longs;e therefore 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg776"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that in the con&longs;ervation and retention of the <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/> before con&shy;

<lb/>ceived, the di&longs;obedience to a new augmentation or diminution of 

<lb/>motion con&longs;i&longs;teth, that moveable that &longs;hall be mo&longs;t apt for &longs;uch 

<lb/>a retention, &longs;hall be al&longs;o mo&longs;t commodious to demon&longs;trate the 

<lb/>effect that followeth in con&longs;equence of that retention. </s><s>Now how 

<lb/>much the Water is di&longs;po&longs;ed to maintain &longs;uch a conceived agita&shy;

<lb/>tion; though the cau&longs;es cea&longs;e that impre&longs;s the &longs;ame, the experi&shy;

<lb/>ence of the Seas extreamly di&longs;turbed by impetuous Winds &longs;hew&shy;

<lb/>eth us; the Billows of which, though the Air be grown calm, and 

<lb/>the Wind laid, for a long time after continue in motion: As the 

<lb/>Sacred Poet plea&longs;antly &longs;ings,</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg774"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The an&longs;wer to 

<lb/>the objections 

<lb/>made again&longs;t the 

<lb/>motion of the Ter&shy;

<lb/>re&longs;trial Globe.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg775"></margin.target>+ Corpulenta.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg776"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Water more 

<lb/>apt to con&longs;erve an<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>impetus <emph type="italics"/>conceived, 

<lb/>then the Air.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"/>Qual l'alto Egeo,<emph.end type="italics"/> &amp;c.----------</s></p><p type="main"><s>And that long continuing rough after a &longs;torm, dependeth on 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg777"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the gravity of the water: For, as I have el&longs;ewhere &longs;aid, light bo&shy;

<lb/>dies are much ea&longs;ier to be moved than the more grave, but yet 

<lb/>are &longs;o much the le&longs;s apt to con&longs;erve the motion imparted, when 

<lb/>once the moving cau&longs;e cea&longs;eth. </s><s>Whence it comes that the Aire, 

<lb/>as being of it &longs;elf very light and thin, is ea&longs;ily mov'd by any very 

<lb/>&longs;mall force, yet it is withall very unable to hold on its motion, 

<lb/>the Mover once cea&longs;ing. </s><s>Therefore, as to the Aire which envi&shy;

<lb/>rons the Terre&longs;trial Globe, I would fay, that by rea&longs;on of its 

<lb/>adherence, it is no le&longs;&longs;e carried about therewith then the Water; 

<lb/>and e&longs;pecially that part which is contained in its ve&longs;&longs;els; which 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg778"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ve&longs;&longs;els are the valleys enclo&longs;ed with Mountains. </s><s>And we may 

<lb/>with much more rea&longs;on affirm that this &longs;ame part of the Air is 

<lb/>carried round, and born forwards by the rugged parts of the 

<lb/>Earth, than that the higher is whirl'd about by the motion of the 

<lb/>Heavens, as ye <emph type="italics"/>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"/> maintain.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg777"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Light bodies ea&longs;ier 

<lb/>to be moved than 

<lb/>beavy, but le&longs;s aut 

<lb/>to con&longs;erve the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg778"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Its more rational 

<lb/>that the Air be 

<lb/>commoved by the 

<lb/>rugged &longs;urface of 

<lb/>the Earth than 

<lb/>by the Cele&longs;tial 

<lb/>motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>What hath been hitherto &longs;poken, &longs;eems to me a &longs;ufficient an&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg779"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;wer to the allega ion of <emph type="italics"/>Simputius<emph.end type="italics"/>; yet neverthele&longs;s with a new 

<lb/>in&longs;tance and &longs;olution, founded upon an admirable experiment, I 

<lb/>will &longs;uperabundantly &longs;atisfie him, and confirm to <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"/> the 

<lb/>mobility of the Earth. </s><s>I have told you that the Air, and in par&shy;

<lb/>ticular that part of it which a&longs;cendeth not above the tops of the 

<lb/>highe&longs;t Mountains, is carried round by the uneven parts of the 

<lb/>Earths &longs;urface: from whence it &longs;hould &longs;eem, that it mu&longs;t of con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;equence come to pa&longs;&longs;e, that in ca&longs;e the &longs;uperficies of the Earth 

<lb/>were not uneven, but &longs;mooth and plain, no cau&longs;e would remain 

<lb/>for drawing the Air along with it, or at lea&longs;t for revolving it with 

<lb/>&longs;o much uniformity. </s><s>Now the &longs;urface of this our Globe, is not 

<lb/>all craggy and rugged, but there are exceeding great tracts very 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/413.jpg" pagenum="401"/>even, to wit, the &longs;urfaces of very va&longs;t Seas, which being al&longs;o far 

<lb/>remote from the continuate ledges of Mountains which environ 

<lb/>it, &longs;eem to have no faculty of carrying the &longs;uper-ambient Air 

<lb/>along therewith: and not carrying it about, we may perceive what 

<lb/>will of con&longs;equence en&longs;ue in tho&longs;e places.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg779"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The revolution of 

<lb/>the Earth con&shy;

<lb/>firmed by a new 

<lb/>argument taken 

<lb/>from the Air.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I was about to propo&longs;e the very &longs;ame difficulty, which 

<lb/>I think is of great validity.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You &longs;ay very well <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> for from the not finding 

<lb/>in the Air that which of con&longs;equence would follow, did this our 

<lb/>Globe move round; you argue its immoveablene&longs;&longs;e. </s><s>But in ca&longs;e 

<lb/>that this which you think ought of nece&longs;&longs;ary con&longs;equence to be 

<lb/>found, be indeed by experience proved to be &longs;o; will you accept 

<lb/>it for a &longs;ufficient te&longs;timony and an argument for the mobility of 

<lb/>the &longs;aid Globe?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>In this ca&longs;e it is not requi&longs;ite to argue with me alone, 

<lb/>for if it &longs;hould &longs;o fall out, and that I could not comprehend the 

<lb/>cau&longs;e thereof, yet haply it might be known by others.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that by playing with you, a man &longs;hall never get, but 

<lb/>be alwayes on the lo&longs;ing hand; and therefore it would be better 

<lb/>to give over: Neverthele&longs;s, that we may not cheat our third man 

<lb/>we will play on. </s><s>We &longs;aid even now, and with &longs;ome addition we 

<lb/>reitterate it, that the Ayr as if it were a thin and fluid body, and 

<lb/>not &longs;olidly conjoyned with the Earth, &longs;eem'd not to be nece&longs;&longs;i&shy;

<lb/>tated to obey its motion; unle&longs;&longs;e &longs;o far as the craggine&longs;s of the 

<lb/>terre&longs;trial &longs;uperficies, tran&longs;ports and carries with it a part there&shy;

<lb/>of contigious thereunto; which doth not by any great &longs;pace ex&shy;

<lb/>ceed the greate&longs;t altitude of Mountains: the which portion of Air 

<lb/>ought to be &longs;o much le&longs;s repugnant to the terre&longs;trial conver&longs;ion, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg780"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>by how much it is repleat with vapours, fumes, and exhalations, 

<lb/>matters all participating of terrene qualities, and con&longs;equently 

<lb/>apt of their own nature to the &longs;ame motions. </s><s>But where there are 

<lb/>wanting the cau&longs;es of motion, that is, where the &longs;urface of the 

<lb/>Globe hath great levels, and where there is le&longs;s mixture of the 

<lb/>terrene vapours, there the cau&longs;e whereby the ambient Air is con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trained to give entire obedience to the terre&longs;trial conver&longs;ion will 

<lb/>cea&longs;e in part; &longs;o that in &longs;uch places, whil&longs;t the Earth revolveth to&shy;

<lb/>wards the Ea&longs;t, there will be continually a wind perceived which 

<lb/>will beat upon us, blowing from the Ea&longs;t towards the We&longs;t: 

<lb/>and &longs;uch gales will be the more &longs;en&longs;ible, where the revolution of 

<lb/>the Globe is mo&longs;t &longs;wift; which will be in places more remote from 

<lb/>the Poles, and approaching to the greate&longs;t Circle of the diurnal 

<lb/>conver&longs;ion. </s><s>But now <emph type="italics"/>de facto<emph.end type="italics"/> experience much confi meth this 

<lb/>Phylo&longs;ophical argumentation; for in the &longs;patious Seas, and in their 

<lb/>parts mo&longs;t remote from Land, and &longs;ituate under the Torrid Zone, 

<lb/>that is bounded by the Tropicks, where there are none of tho&longs;e 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/414.jpg" pagenum="402"/><arrow.to.target n="marg781"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;ame terre&longs;trial evaporations, we finde a perpetual gale move 

<lb/>from the Ea&longs;t with &longs;o con&longs;tant a bla&longs;t, that &longs;hips by favour there&shy;

<lb/>of &longs;ail pro&longs;perou&longs;ly to the <emph type="italics"/>West-India's.<emph.end type="italics"/> And from the &longs;ame 

<lb/>coa&longs;ting along the <emph type="italics"/>Mexican<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;hore, they with the &longs;ame felicity pa&longs;s 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Pacifick<emph.end type="italics"/> Ocean towards the <emph type="italics"/>India's<emph.end type="italics"/>; which to us are Ea&longs;t, but 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg782"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>to them are We&longs;t. </s><s>Whereas on the contrary the Cour&longs;e from 

<lb/>thence towards the Ea&longs;t is difficult and uncertain, and not to be 

<lb/>made by the &longs;ame Rhumb, but mu&longs;t vere more to Land-ward, to 

<lb/>recover other Winds, which we may call accidentary and tumul&shy;

<lb/>tuary, produced from other Principles, as tho&longs;e that inhabit the 

<lb/>continent find by experience. </s><s>Of which productions of Winds, 

<lb/>the Cau&longs;es are many and different, which &longs;hall not at this time be 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg783"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>mentioned. </s><s>And the&longs;e accidentary Winds are tho&longs;e which blow 

<lb/>indifferently from all parts of the Eatth, and make rough the Seas 

<lb/>remote from the Equinoctial, and environed by the rugged Sur&shy;

<lb/>face of the Earth; which is as much as to &longs;ay environ'd with 

<lb/>tho&longs;e perturbations of Air, that confound that primary Gale. 

<lb/></s><s>The which, in ca&longs;e the&longs;e accidental impediments were removed, 

<lb/>would be continually felt, and e&longs;pecially upon the Sea. </s><s>Now 

<lb/>&longs;ee how the effect of the Water and Air &longs;eem wonderfully to ac&shy;

<lb/>cord with the Cele&longs;tial ob&longs;ervations, to confirm the mobility of 

<lb/>our Terre&longs;trial Globe.

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg784"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg780"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The vaporous 

<lb/>parts of the earth, 

<lb/>partake of its mo&shy;

<lb/>tions.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg781"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Con&longs;tant gales 

<lb/>within the Tro&shy;

<lb/>pieks blow towards 

<lb/>the We&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg782"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The cour&longs;e to the 

<lb/>We&longs;t<emph.end type="italics"/>-India's <emph type="italics"/>ea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ie, the return dif&shy;

<lb/>ficult.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg783"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Winds from Land 

<lb/>make rough the 

<lb/>Seas.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg784"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Another ob&longs;erva&shy;

<lb/>tion taken from the 

<lb/>Air in confirmati&shy;

<lb/>on of the motion of 

<lb/>the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I al&longs;o for a final clo&longs;e will relate to you one particular, 

<lb/>which as I believe is unknown unto you, and which likewi&longs;e may 

<lb/>&longs;erve to confirm the &longs;ame conclu&longs;ion: You <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"/> alledged, 

<lb/>That Accident which Sailers meet with between the Tropicks; 

<lb/>I mean that perpetual Gale of Winde that beats upon them from 

<lb/>the Ea&longs;t, of which I have an account from tho&longs;e that have many 

<lb/>times made the Voyage: And moreover (which is very ob&longs;er&shy;

<lb/>vable) I under&longs;tand that the Mariners do not call it a <emph type="italics"/>Wind,<emph.end type="italics"/> but </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg785"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>by another ^{*} name, which I do not now remember, taken haply 

<lb/>from its &longs;o fixed and con&longs;tant Tenor; which when they have met 

<lb/>with, they tie up their &longs;hrouds and other cordage belonging to 

<lb/>the Sails, and without any more need of touching them, though 

<lb/>they be in a &longs;leep, they can continue their cour&longs;e. </s><s>Now this con&longs;tant 

<lb/>Trade-wind was known to be &longs;uch by its continual blowing with&shy;

<lb/>out interruptions; for if it were interrupted by other Windes, it 

<lb/>would not have been acknowledged for a &longs;ingular Effect, and 

<lb/>different from the re&longs;t: from which I wlll infer, That it may be 

<lb/>that al&longs;o our Mediterranean Sea doth partake of the like accident; 

<lb/>but it is not ob&longs;erved, as being frequently altered by the conflu&shy;

<lb/>ence of other windes. </s><s>And this I &longs;ay, not without good grounds, 

<lb/>yea upon very probable conjectures whch came unto my know&shy;

<lb/>ledge, from that which tendred it &longs;elf to my notice on occa&longs;ion of 

<lb/>the voyage that I made into <emph type="italics"/>Syria,<emph.end type="italics"/> going Con&longs;ul for this Nation 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/415.jpg" pagenum="403"/>to <emph type="italics"/>Aleppo,<emph.end type="italics"/> and this it is: That keeping a particular account and 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg786"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>memorial of the dayes of the departure and arrival of the Ships in 

<lb/>the Ports of <emph type="italics"/>Alexandria,<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>Alexandretta,<emph.end type="italics"/> and this of <emph type="italics"/>Venice<emph.end type="italics"/>; in 

<lb/>comparing &longs;undry of them, which I did for my curio&longs;ity, I found 

<lb/>that in exactne&longs;s of account the returns hither, that is the voiages 

<lb/>from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t along the Mediterrane, are made in le&longs;s time 

<lb/>then the contrary cour&longs;es by 25. in the Hundred: So that we &longs;ee 

<lb/>that one with another, the Ea&longs;tern windes are &longs;tronger then the 

<lb/>We&longs;tern.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg785"></margin.target>Which Wind 

<lb/>with our Engli&longs;h 

<lb/>Mariners is called 

<lb/>the <emph type="italics"/>Trade-wind.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg786"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The voiages in the 

<lb/>Mediterrane from 

<lb/>Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t are 

<lb/>made in &longs;horter 

<lb/>times than from 

<lb/>We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am very glad I know this particular, which doth not 

<lb/>a little make for the confirmation of the Earths mobility. </s><s>And 

<lb/>although it may be alledged, That all the Water of the Mediter&shy;

<lb/>rane runs perpetually towards the Straits-mouth, as being to 

<lb/>di&longs;imbogue into the Ocean, the waters of as many Rivers, as do 

<lb/>di&longs;charge them&longs;elves into the &longs;ame; I do not think that that cur&shy;

<lb/>rent can be &longs;o great, as to be able of it &longs;elf alone to make &longs;o no&shy;

<lb/>table a difference: which is al&longs;o manife&longs;t by ob&longs;erving that the 

<lb/>water in the Pharo of <emph type="italics"/>Sicily<emph.end type="italics"/> runneth back again no le&longs;s towards 

<lb/>the Ea&longs;t, than it runneth forwards towards the We&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. I, that have not as <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> an inclination to &longs;ati&longs;&shy;

<lb/>fie any one be&longs;ides my &longs;elf, am &longs;atisfied with what hath been &longs;aid 

<lb/>as to this fir&longs;t particular: Therefore <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> when you think 

<lb/>it fit to proceed forward, I am prepared to hear you.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I &longs;hall do as you command me, but yet I would fain 

<lb/>hear the opinion al&longs;o of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> from who&longs;e judgement I can 

<lb/>argue how much I may promi&longs;e to my &longs;elf touching the&longs;e di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cour&longs;es from the <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Schools, if ever they &longs;hould come 

<lb/>to their ears.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I de&longs;ire not that my opinion &longs;hould &longs;erve or &longs;tand for 

<lb/>a mea&longs;ure, whereby you &longs;hould judge of others thoughts; for 

<lb/>as I have often &longs;aid, I am incon&longs;iderable in the&longs;e kinde of &longs;tudies, 

<lb/>and &longs;uch things may come into the mindes of tho&longs;e that are enter&shy;

<lb/>ed into the deepe&longs;t pa&longs;&longs;ages of Philo&longs;ophy, as I could never think 

<lb/>of; as having (according to the Proverb) &longs;carce ki&longs;t her Maid: 

<lb/>yet neverthele&longs;s, to give you my &longs;udden thoughts, I &longs;hall tell 

<lb/>you, That of tho&longs;e effects by you recounted, and particularly the 

<lb/>la&longs;t, there may in my judgement very &longs;ufficient Rea&longs;ons be given 

<lb/>without the Earths mobility, by the mobility of the Heavens one&shy;

<lb/>ly; never introducing any novelty more, than the inver&longs;ion of 

<lb/>that which you your &longs;elf propo&longs;e unto us. </s><s>It hath been received 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg787"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>by the <emph type="italics"/>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"/> Schools, that the Element of Fire, and al&longs;o a 

<lb/>great part of the Aire is carried about according to the Diurnal 

<lb/>conver&longs;ion from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t, by the contact of the Concave of 

<lb/>the Lunar Orb, as by the Ve&longs;&longs;el their container. </s><s>Now without 

<lb/>going out of your track, I will that we determine the Quantity of 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/416.jpg" pagenum="404"/><arrow.to.target n="marg788"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the Aire which partaketh of that motion to di&longs;tend &longs;o low as to 

<lb/>the Tops of the highe&longs;t Hills, and that likewi&longs;e they would reach 

<lb/>to the Earth, if tho&longs;e Mountains did not impede them, which 

<lb/>agreeth with what you &longs;ay: For as you affirm, the Air, which is 

<lb/>invironed by ledges of Mountains, to be carried about by the 

<lb/>a&longs;perity of the moveable Earth; we on the contrary &longs;ay, That 

<lb/>the whole Element of Air is carried about by the motion of 

<lb/>Heaven, that part only excepted which lyeth below tho&longs;e bodies, 

<lb/>which is hindred by the a&longs;perity of the immoveable Earth. </s><s>And 

<lb/>whereas you &longs;aid, That in ca&longs;e that a&longs;perity &longs;hould be removed, 

<lb/>the Air would al&longs;o cea&longs;e to be whirld about; we may &longs;ay, 

<lb/>That the &longs;aid a&longs;perity being removed, the whole Aire would con&shy;

<lb/>tinue its motion. </s><s>Whereupon, becau&longs;e the &longs;urfaces of &longs;pacious 

<lb/>Seas are &longs;mooth, and even; the Airs motion &longs;hall continue upon 

<lb/>tho&longs;e, alwaies blowing from the Ea&longs;t: And this is more &longs;en&longs;ibly 

<lb/>perceived in Climates lying under the Line, and within the Tro&shy;

<lb/>picks, where the motion of Heaven is &longs;wifter; and like as that 

<lb/>Cele&longs;tial motion is able to bear before it all the Air that is at 

<lb/>liberty, &longs;o we may very rationally affirm that it contributeth the 

<lb/>&longs;ame motion to the Water moveable, as being fluid and not con&shy;

<lb/>nected to the immobility of the Earth: And with &longs;o much the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg789"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>more confidence may we affirm the &longs;ame, in that by your con&shy;

<lb/>fe&longs;&longs;ion, that motion ought to be very &longs;mall in re&longs;ect of the efficient 

<lb/>Cau&longs;e; which begirting in a natural day the whole Terre&longs;trial 

<lb/>Globe, pa&longs;&longs;eth many hundreds of miles an hour, and e&longs;pecially 

<lb/>towards the Equinoctial; whereas in the currents of the open Sea, 

<lb/>it moveth but very few miles an hour. </s><s>And thus the voiages to&shy;

<lb/>wards the We&longs;t &longs;hall come to be commodious and expeditious, 

<lb/>not onely by rea&longs;on of the perpetual Ea&longs;tern Gale, but of the 

<lb/>cour&longs;e al&longs;o of the Waters; from which cour&longs;e al&longs;o perhaps the 

<lb/>Ebbing and Flowing may come, by rea&longs;on of the different &longs;citu&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg790"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>ation of the Terre&longs;trial Shores: again&longs;t which the Water coming 

<lb/>to beat, may al&longs;o return backwards with a contrary motion, like 

<lb/>as experience &longs;heweth us in the cour&longs;e of Rivers; for according as 

<lb/>the Water in the unevenne&longs;s of the Banks, meeteth with &longs;ome 

<lb/>parts that &longs;tand out, or make with their Meanders &longs;ome Reach or 

<lb/>Bay, here the Water turneth again, and is &longs;een to retreat back 

<lb/>a con&longs;iderable &longs;pace. </s><s>Upon this I hold, That of tho&longs;e effects 

<lb/>from which you argue the Earths mobility, and alledge it as a 

<lb/>cau&longs;e of them, there may be a&longs;&longs;igned a cau&longs;e &longs;ufficiently valid, 

<lb/>retaining the Earth &longs;tedfa&longs;t, and re&longs;toring the mobility of 

<lb/>Heaven.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg787"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is demon&longs;tra&shy;

<lb/>ted inverting the 

<lb/>argument, that 

<lb/>the perpetual mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the Air 

<lb/>from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t 

<lb/>cometh from the 

<lb/>motion of Heaven?<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg788"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>It is demon&longs;trated 

<lb/>inverting the ar&shy;

<lb/>gument, that the 

<lb/>perpetual motion of 

<lb/>the Air from Ea&longs;t 

<lb/>to We&longs;t, cometh 

<lb/>from the motion of 

<lb/>Heaven.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg789"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The motion of the 

<lb/>Water dependeth 

<lb/>on the motion of 

<lb/>Heaven.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg790"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The flux and re&shy;

<lb/>flux may depend 

<lb/>on the diurual mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of Heaven.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It cannot be denied, but that your di&longs;cour&longs;e is ingenious, 

<lb/>&amp; hath much of probability, I mean probability in appearance, but 

<lb/>not in reality &amp; exi&longs;tence: It con&longs;i&longs;teth of two parts: In the fir&longs;t it 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/417.jpg" pagenum="405"/>a&longs;&longs;ignes a rea&longs;on of the continual motion of the Ea&longs;tern Winde, 

<lb/>and al&longs;o of a like motion in the Water. </s><s>In the &longs;econd, It would 

<lb/>draw from the &longs;ame Sour&longs;e the cau&longs;e of the Ebbing and Flowing. 

<lb/></s><s>The fir&longs;t part hath (as I have &longs;aid) &longs;ome appearance of probabi&shy;

<lb/>lity, but yet extreamly le&longs;s then that which we take from the 

<lb/>Terre&longs;trial motion. </s><s>The &longs;econd is not onely wholly improbable, 

<lb/>but altogether impo&longs;&longs;ible and fal&longs;e. </s><s>And coming to the fir&longs;t, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg791"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>whereas it is &longs;aid that the Concave of the Moon carrieth about 

<lb/>the element of Fire, and the whole Air, even to the tops of the 

<lb/>higher Mountains. </s><s>I an&longs;wer fir&longs;t, that it is dubious whether 

<lb/>there be any element of Fire: But &longs;uppo&longs;e there be, it is much 

<lb/>doubted of the Orbe of the Moon, as al&longs;o of all the re&longs;t; that is, 

<lb/>Whether there be any &longs;uch &longs;olid bodies and va&longs;t, or el&longs;s, Whether 

<lb/>beyond the Air there be extended a continuate expan&longs;ion of a 

<lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tance of much more tenuity and purity than our Air, up and 

<lb/>down which the Planets go wandring, as now at la&longs;t a good part 

<lb/>of tho&longs;e very Phylo&longs;ophers begin to think: But be it in this or in 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg792"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that manner, there is no rea&longs;on for which the Fire, by a &longs;imple 

<lb/>contract to a &longs;uperficies, which you your &longs;elf grant to be &longs;mooth 

<lb/>and ter&longs;e, &longs;hould be according to its whole depth carried round in 

<lb/>a motion different from its natural inclination; as hath been de&shy;

<lb/>fu&longs;ely proved, and with &longs;en&longs;ible rea&longs;ons demon&longs;trated by^{+} <emph type="italics"/>Il Sag-<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg793"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>giatore<emph.end type="italics"/>: Be&longs;ides the other improbability of the &longs;aid motions 

<lb/>transfu&longs;ing it &longs;elf from the &longs;ubtile&longs;t Fire throughout the Air, much 

<lb/>more den&longs;e; and from that al&longs;o again to the Water. </s><s>But that 

<lb/>a body of rugged and mountainous &longs;urface, by revolving in it 

<lb/>&longs;elf, &longs;hould carry with it the Air contiguous to it, and again&longs;t 

<lb/>which its promontaries beat, is not onely probable but nece&longs;&longs;ary, 

<lb/>and experience thereof may be daily &longs;een; though without &longs;ee&shy;

<lb/>ing it, I believe that there is no judgement that doubts thereof. 

<lb/></s><s>As to the other part, &longs;uppo&longs;ing that the motion of Heaven did 

<lb/>carry round the Air, and al&longs;o the Water; yet would that motion 

<lb/>for all that have nothing to do with the Ebbing and Flowing. 

<lb/></s><s>For being that from one onely and uniform cau&longs;e, there can fol&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg794"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>low but one &longs;ole and uniform effect; that which &longs;hould be di&longs;co&shy;

<lb/>vered in the Water, would be a continuate and uniform cour&longs;e 

<lb/>from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t; and in that a Sea onely, which running com&shy;

<lb/>pa&longs;s environeth the whole Globe. </s><s>But in determinate Seas, &longs;uch 

<lb/>as is the Mediterrane &longs;hut up in the Ea&longs;t, there could be no &longs;uch 

<lb/>motion. </s><s>For if its Water might be driven by the cour&longs;e of 

<lb/>Heaven towards the We&longs;t, it would have been dry many ages 

<lb/>&longs;ince: Be&longs;ides that our Water runneth not onely towards the 

<lb/>We&longs;t, But returneth backwards towards the Ea&longs;t, and that in or&shy;

<lb/>dinal Periods: And whereas you &longs;ay by the example of Rivers, 

<lb/>that though the cour&longs;e of the Sea were Originally that onely 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/418.jpg" pagenum="406"/>from Ea&longs;t to We&longs;t, yet neverthele&longs;s the different Po&longs;ition of the 

<lb/>Shores may make part of the Water regurgitate, and return 

<lb/>backwards: I grant it you, but it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that you take no&shy;

<lb/>tice my <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> that where the Water upon that account 

<lb/>returneth backwards, it doth &longs;o there perpetually; and where 

<lb/>it runneth &longs;traight forwards, it runneth there alwayes in the &longs;ame 

<lb/>manner; for &longs;o the example of the Rivers &longs;hewes you: But in the 

<lb/>ca&longs;e of the ebbing and flowing, you mu&longs;t finde and give us &longs;ome 

<lb/>rea&longs;on why it doth in the &longs;elf &longs;ame place run one while one way, 

<lb/>and another while another; Effects that being contrary &amp; irregular, 

<lb/>can never be deduced from any uniform and con&longs;tant Cau&longs;e: 

<lb/>And this Argument, that overthrows the Hypothe&longs;is of the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion contributed to the Sea from the Heavens diurnal motion, 

<lb/>doth al&longs;o confute that Po&longs;ition of tho&longs;e who would admit the &longs;ole 

<lb/>diurnal motion of the Earth, and believe that they are able with 

<lb/>that alone to give a rea&longs;on of the Flux and Reflux: Of which 

<lb/>effect &longs;ince it is irregular, the cau&longs;e mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity be irregular 

<lb/>and alterable.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg791"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>A rea&longs;on of the 

<lb/>continual motion of 

<lb/>the Air and Wa&shy;

<lb/>ter may be given, 

<lb/>making the Earth 

<lb/>moveable, then by 

<lb/>making it immove&shy;

<lb/>able.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg792"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Its improbable that 

<lb/>the element of Fire 

<lb/>&longs;hould be carried 

<lb/>round by the Con&shy;

<lb/>cave of the Moon.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg793"></margin.target>+ A Treati&longs;e of our 

<lb/>Author formerly 

<lb/>cited.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg794"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Ebbing and 

<lb/>Flowing cannot de&shy;

<lb/>pend on the motion 

<lb/>of Heaven.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I have nothing to reply, neither of my own, by rea&longs;on 

<lb/>of the weakne&longs;s of my under&longs;tanding; nor of that of others, for 

<lb/>that the Opinion is &longs;o new: But I could believe that if it were 

<lb/>&longs;pread among&longs;t the Schools, there would not want Phylo&longs;ophers 

<lb/>able to oppo&longs;e it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Expect &longs;uch an occa&longs;ion; and we in the mean time 

<lb/>if it &longs;eem good to <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> will proceed forward.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>All that which hath been &longs;aid hitherto, pertaineth to 

<lb/>the diurnal period of the ebbing and flowing; of which we have in 

<lb/>the fir&longs;t place demon&longs;trated in general the primary and univer&longs;al 

<lb/>Cau&longs;e, without which, no &longs;uch effect would follow: Afterw ds 

<lb/>pa&longs;&longs;ing to the particular Accidents, various, and in a certain &longs;ort 

<lb/>irregular, that are ob&longs;erved therein: We have handled the &longs;econ&shy;

<lb/>dary and concommitant Cau&longs;es upon which they depend. </s><s>Now 

<lb/>follow the two other Periods, Monethly, and Annual, which do 

<lb/>not bring with them new and different Accidents, other than 

<lb/>tho&longs;e already con&longs;idered in the diurnal Period; but they ope&shy;

<lb/>rate on the &longs;ame Accidents, by rendring them greater and le&longs;&longs;er 

<lb/>in &longs;everal parts of the Lunar Moneth, and in &longs;everal times of 

<lb/>the Solar Year; as if that the Moon and Sun did each conceive 

<lb/>it &longs;elf apart in operating and producing of tho&longs;e Effects; a thing 

<lb/>that totally cla&longs;heth with my under&longs;tanding, which &longs;eeing how 

<lb/>that this of Seas is a local and &longs;en&longs;ible motion, made in an im&shy;

<lb/>men&longs;e ma&longs;s of Water, it cannot be brought to &longs;ub&longs;cribe to 

<lb/>Lights, to temperate Heats, to predominacies by occult Quali&shy;

<lb/>ties, and to &longs;uch like vain Imaginations, that are &longs;o far from be&shy;

<lb/>ing, or being po&longs;&longs;ible to be Cau&longs;es of the Tide; that on the con&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/419.jpg" pagenum="407"/>trary, the Tide is the cau&longs;e of them, that is, of bringing them 

<lb/>into the brains more apt for loquacity and o&longs;tentation, than for 

<lb/>the &longs;peculation and di&longs;covering of the more ab&longs;tru&longs;e &longs;ecrets of 

<lb/>Nature; which kind of people, before they can be brought to 

<lb/>prononnce that wi&longs;e, ingenious, and mode&longs;t &longs;entence, <emph type="italics"/>I know it 

<lb/>not,<emph.end type="italics"/> &longs;uffer to e&longs;cape from their mouths and pens all manner of ex&shy;

<lb/>travagancies. </s><s>And the onely ob&longs;erving, that the &longs;ame Moon, and 

<lb/>the &longs;ame Sun operate not with their light with their motion, with 

<lb/>great heat, or with temperate, on the le&longs;&longs;er reeeptaces of Water, 

<lb/>but that to effect their flowing by heat, they mu&longs;t be reduced to 

<lb/>little le&longs;&longs;e than boiling, and in &longs;hort, we not being able artificially 

<lb/>to imitate any way the motions of the Tide, &longs;ave only by the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the Ve&longs;&longs;el, ought it not to &longs;atisfie every one, that all 

<lb/>the other things alledged, as cau&longs;es of tho&longs;e e&longs;&longs;ects, are 

<lb/>vaine fancies, and altogether e&longs;tranged from the Truth. </s><s>I 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg795"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;ay, therefore, that if it be true, that of one effect there is but 

<lb/>one &longs;ole primary cau&longs;e, and that between the cau&longs;e and effect, 

<lb/>there is a firm and con&longs;tant connection; it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that when&shy;

<lb/>&longs;oever there is &longs;een a firm and con&longs;tant alteration in the effect, 

<lb/>there be a firm and con&longs;tant alteration in the cau&longs;e. </s><s>And be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e the alterations that happen in the ebbing and flowing in 

<lb/>&longs;everal parts of the Year and Moneths, have their periods firm and 

<lb/>con&longs;tant, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary to &longs;ay, that a regular alteration in tho&longs;e 

<lb/>&longs;ame times happeneth in the primary cau&longs;e of the ebbings and 

<lb/>flowings. </s><s>And as for the alteration that in tho&longs;e times happens 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg796"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>in the ebbings and flowings con&longs;i&longs;teth onely in their greatne&longs;s; 

<lb/>that is, in the Waters ri&longs;ing and falling more or le&longs;&longs;e, and in 

<lb/>running with greater or le&longs;&longs;e <emph type="italics"/>impetus<emph.end type="italics"/>; therefore it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, 

<lb/>that that which is the primary cau&longs;e of the ebbing and flowing, 

<lb/>doth in tho&longs;e &longs;ame determinate times increa&longs;e and dimini&longs;h its 

<lb/>force. </s><s>But we have already concluded upon the inequality and 

<lb/>irregularity of the motion of the Ve&longs;&longs;els containing the Water to 

<lb/>be the primary cau&longs;e of the ebbings and flowings. </s><s>Therefore 

<lb/>it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, that that irregularity, from time to time, corre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;pondently grow more irregular, that is, grow greater and le&longs;&longs;er. 

<lb/></s><s>Now it is requi&longs;ite, that we call to minde, that the irregularity, 

<lb/>that is, the different velocity of the motions of the Ve&longs;&longs;els, to 

<lb/>wit, of the parts of the Terre&longs;trial Superficies, dependeth on 

<lb/>their moving with a compound motion, re&longs;ulting from the com&shy;

<lb/>mixtion of the two motions, Annual and Diurnal, proper to the 

<lb/>whole Terre&longs;trial Globe; of which the Diurnal conver&longs;ion, by 

<lb/>one while adding to, and another while &longs;ub&longs;tracting from, the 

<lb/>Annual motion, is that which produceth the irregularity in the 

<lb/>compound motion; &longs;o that, in the additions and &longs;ub&longs;tractions, 

<lb/>that the Diurnal revolution maketh from the Annual motion, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/420.jpg" pagenum="408"/>con&longs;i&longs;teth the original cau&longs;e of the irregular motion of the Ve&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;els, and con&longs;equently of the Ebbing and Flowing: in&longs;omuch 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg797"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>that if the&longs;e additions and &longs;ub&longs;tractions &longs;hould alwayes proceed 

<lb/>in the &longs;ame proportion, in re&longs;pect of the Annual motion, the 

<lb/>cau&longs;e of the Ebbing and Flowing would indeed continue, but 

<lb/>yet &longs;o as that they would perpetually return in the &longs;elf &longs;ame man&shy;

<lb/>ner: But we are to finde out the cau&longs;e of making the &longs;ame Eb&shy;

<lb/>bings and Flowings in divers times greater and le&longs;&longs;er: There&shy;

<lb/>fore we mu&longs;t (if we will retain the identity of the cau&longs;e) find the 

<lb/>alteration in the&longs;e additions and &longs;ub&longs;tractions, that make them 

<lb/>more &amp; le&longs;s potent, in producing tho&longs;e effects which depend there&shy;

<lb/>upon. </s><s>But I &longs;ee not how that potency and impotence can be intro&shy;

<lb/>duced, unle&longs;&longs;e by making the &longs;ame additions and &longs;ub&longs;tractions, 

<lb/>one while greater, and another while le&longs;&longs;er; &longs;o that the accelera&shy;

<lb/>tion and the retardment of the compound motion, may be made, 

<lb/>&longs;ometimes in greater, and &longs;ometimes in le&longs;&longs;er proportion.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg795"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The alterations 

<lb/>in the effects argue 

<lb/>alteration in the 

<lb/>cau&longs;e.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg796"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The cau&longs;es at 

<lb/>large a&longs;&longs;igned of 

<lb/>the Periods Mo&shy;

<lb/>nethly and Annu&shy;

<lb/>al of the ebbing 

<lb/>and flowing.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg797"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The monethly 

<lb/>and annual altera&shy;

<lb/>tions of the tide can 

<lb/>depend upon no&shy;

<lb/>thing, &longs;ave on the 

<lb/>alteration of the 

<lb/>additions &amp; &longs;ub&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tractions of the 

<lb/>diurnal period from 

<lb/>the annual.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I feel my &longs;elf very gently led, as it were, by the hand, 

<lb/>and though I finde no rubs in the way, yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e, like a 

<lb/>blind man, I &longs;ee not whether your Clue leadeth me, nor can I 

<lb/>imagine where &longs;uch a Journey will end.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Though there be a great difference between my &longs;low 

<lb/>pac't Philo&longs;ophy, and your more nimble Rea&longs;on, yet neverthe&shy;

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e, in this particular which we are now upon, I do not much 

<lb/>wonder, if the apprehen&longs;ivene&longs;&longs;e of your wit be a little ob&longs;cu&shy;

<lb/>red by the dark and thick mi&longs;t that hides the mark, at which we 

<lb/>aime: and that which le&longs;&longs;eneth my admiration is, the remem&shy;

<lb/>brance of the many hours, many dayes, yea more, many nights 

<lb/>that I have con&longs;umed in this contemplation, and of the many 

<lb/>times that, de&longs;pairing to bring it to a period, I have, for an in&shy;

<lb/>couragement of my &longs;elf, indeavoured to believe, by the exam&shy;

<lb/>ple of the unfortunate <emph type="italics"/>Orlando,<emph.end type="italics"/> that that might not po&longs;&longs;ibly be 

<lb/>true, which yet the te&longs;timony of &longs;o many credible men &longs;et be&shy;

<lb/>fore my eyes: wonder not, therefore, if this once, contrary to 

<lb/>your cu&longs;tome, you do not fore&longs;ee what I intend: and if you will 

<lb/>needs admire, I believe that the event, as far as I can judge un&shy;

<lb/>expected, will make you cea&longs;e your wonderment.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I thank God, that he did not permit that de&longs;peration 

<lb/>of yours to end in the <emph type="italics"/>Exit<emph.end type="italics"/> that is fabled of the mi&longs;erable <emph type="italics"/>Or&shy;

<lb/>lando,<emph.end type="italics"/> nor in that which haply is no le&longs;&longs;e fabulou&longs;ly related of 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,,<emph.end type="italics"/> that &longs;o neither my &longs;elf nor others &longs;hould be deprived 

<lb/>of the di&longs;covery of a thing, as ab&longs;tru&longs;e as it was de&longs;irable: I 

<lb/>be&longs;eech you, therefore, to &longs;atisfie my eager appetite as &longs;oon as 

<lb/>you can.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am ready to &longs;erve you: We were upon an inquiry 

<lb/>in what manner the additions and &longs;ub&longs;tractions of the Terre&longs;tri&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/421.jpg" pagenum="409"/>all conver&longs;ion from the Annual motion, could be made, one 

<lb/>while in a greater, and another while in a le&longs;&longs;er proportion; 

<lb/>which diver&longs;ity, and no other thing, could be a&longs;&longs;igned for the 

<lb/>cau&longs;e of the alterations, Monethly and Annual, that are &longs;een in 

<lb/>the greatne&longs;&longs;e of the Ebbings and Flowings. </s><s>I will now con&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ider how this proportion of the additions and &longs;ub&longs;tractions of 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg798"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the Diurnal Revolution, and Annual motion may grow greater 

<lb/>and le&longs;&longs;er three &longs;everal wayes. </s><s>One is by increa&longs;ing and dimi&shy;

<lb/>ni&longs;hing the velocity of the Annual motion, retaining the additi&shy;

<lb/>ons and &longs;ub&longs;tractions made by the Diurnal conver&longs;ion in the 

<lb/>&longs;ame greatne&longs;&longs;e, becau&longs;e the Annual motion being about three 

<lb/>times greater, that is, more velocious than the Diurnal motion 

<lb/>(con&longs;idered likewi&longs;e in the Grand Circle) if we increa&longs;e it 

<lb/>anew, the additions and &longs;ub&longs;tractions of the Diurnal motion 

<lb/>will occa&longs;ion le&longs;&longs;e alteration therein: but, on the other &longs;ide, 

<lb/>making it more &longs;low, it will be altered in greater proportion, by 

<lb/>that &longs;ame diurnal motion, ju&longs;t as the adding or &longs;ub&longs;tracting 

<lb/>four degrees of velocity from one that moveth with twenty de&shy;

<lb/>grees, altereth his cour&longs;e le&longs;&longs;e, than tho&longs;e very four degrees would 

<lb/>do, added or &longs;ub&longs;tracted from one that &longs;hould move onely with 

<lb/>ten degrees. </s><s>The &longs;econd way would be, by making the additi&shy;

<lb/>ons and &longs;ub&longs;tractions greater and le&longs;&longs;er, retaining the annual mo&shy;

<lb/>tion in the &longs;ame velocity; which is as ea&longs;ie to be under&longs;tood, as it 

<lb/>is manife&longs;t, that a velocity <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> of 20. degr. </s><s>is more altered by the 

<lb/>addition or &longs;ub&longs;traction of 10. deg. </s><s>than by the addition or &longs;ub&longs;tra&shy;

<lb/>ction of 4. The third way would be, in ca&longs;e the&longs;e two were joyned 

<lb/>together, dimini&longs;hing the annual motion, &amp; increa&longs;ing the diurnal 

<lb/>additions and &longs;ub&longs;tractions. </s><s>Hitherto, as you &longs;ee, it was no 

<lb/>hard matter to attain, but yet it proved to me very hard to find 

<lb/>by what means this might be effected in Nature. </s><s>Yet in the end, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg799"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>I finde that &longs;he doth admirably make u&longs;e thereof, and in wayes 

<lb/>almo&longs;t incredible: I mean, admirable and incredible to us, but 

<lb/>not to her, who worketh even tho&longs;e very things, which, to our 

<lb/>capacity, are of infinite wonder, with extraordinary facility and 

<lb/>&longs;implicity: and that which it is hard for us to under&longs;tand, is ea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ie for her to effect. </s><s>Now to proceed, having &longs;hewn that the 

<lb/>proportion between the additions and &longs;ub&longs;tractions of the Diur&shy;

<lb/>nal conver&longs;ion and Annual motion may be made greater and le&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;er, two wayes, (and I &longs;ay two, becau&longs;e the third is comprized in 

<lb/>the two fir&longs;t) I adde, that Nature maketh u&longs;e of them both: 

<lb/>and farthermore, I &longs;ubjoyn, that if &longs;he did make u&longs;e but of one 

<lb/>alone, it would be nece&longs;&longs;ary to take away one of the two Perio&shy;

<lb/>dical alterations. </s><s>That of the Monethly Period would cea&longs;e, if 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg800"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the annual motion &longs;hould not alter. </s><s>And in ca&longs;e the additions 

<lb/>and &longs;ub&longs;tractions of the diurnal revolution &longs;hould continually 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/422.jpg" pagenum="410"/>be equal, the alterations of the annual Period would fail.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg798"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Three wayes of 

<lb/>altering the pro&shy;

<lb/>portion of the ad&shy;

<lb/>ditions of the diur&shy;

<lb/>nal Revolution to 

<lb/>the annual motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg799"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>That which to

<lb/>us is hard to be un&shy;

<lb/>der&longs;tood, is with 

<lb/>Nature ea&longs;ie to be 

<lb/>effected.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg800"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>If the Diurnal 

<lb/>motion &longs;hould not 

<lb/>alter, the annual 

<lb/>Period would cea&longs;e<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It &longs;eems then, that the Monethly alteration of eb&shy;

<lb/>bings and flowings dependeth on the alteration of the annual 

<lb/>motion of the Earth? </s><s>And the annual alteration of tho&longs;e eb&shy;

<lb/>bings and flowings do, it &longs;eems, depend on the additions and 

<lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tractions of the diurnal conver&longs;ion? </s><s>And here now I finde 

<lb/>my &longs;elf wor&longs;e puzzled than before, and more out of hope of 

<lb/>being able to comprehend how this intricacy may be, which is 

<lb/>more inextricable, in my judgment, than the Gordian knot. </s><s>And 

<lb/>I envy <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> from who&longs;e &longs;ilence I argue that he doth ap&shy;

<lb/>prehend the whole bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e, and is acquit of that confu&longs;ion 

<lb/>which greatly puzzleth my brains.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe verily, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> that you are put to a 

<lb/>a &longs;tand; and I believe that I know al&longs;o the cau&longs;e of your con&shy;

<lb/>fu&longs;ion, which, if I mi&longs;take not, ri&longs;eth from your under&longs;tanding 

<lb/>part of tho&longs;e particulars but even now alledged by <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>and but a part. </s><s>It is true likewi&longs;e that I find my &longs;elf free from the 

<lb/>like confu&longs;ion; but not for that cau&longs;e as you think, to wit, be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e I apprehend the whole, nay it happens upon the quite 

<lb/>contrary account; namely, from my not comprehending any 

<lb/>thing; and confu&longs;ion is in the plurality of things, and not in 

<lb/>nothing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You &longs;ee <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> how a few checks given to <emph type="italics"/>Simpli&shy;

<lb/>cius<emph.end type="italics"/> in the dayes preceding, have rendered him gentle, and 

<lb/>brought him from the <emph type="italics"/>capriol<emph.end type="italics"/> to the <emph type="italics"/>amble.<emph.end type="italics"/> But I be&longs;eech you 

<lb/>without farther delay, put us both out of &longs;u&longs;pence.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will endeavour it to the utmo&longs;t of my har&longs;h way of 

<lb/>expre&longs;&longs;ing my &longs;elf, the obtu&longs;ene&longs;&longs;e of which, the acutene&longs;&longs;e of 

<lb/>your wit &longs;hall &longs;upply. </s><s>The accidents of which we are to enquire 

<lb/>the cau&longs;es are two: The fir&longs;t re&longs;pecteth the varieties that happen 

<lb/>in the ebbings and flowings in the Monethly Period; and the o&shy;

<lb/>thr relateth to the Annual. </s><s>We will fir&longs;t &longs;peak of the Moneth&shy;

<lb/>ly, and then treat of the Annual; and it is convenient that we 

<lb/>re&longs;olve them all according to the Fundamentals and Hypothe&longs;is 

<lb/>already laid down, without introducing any novelty either in A&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tronomy, or in the Univer&longs;e, in favour of the ebbings and flow&shy;

<lb/>ings; therefore let us demon&longs;trate that of all the &longs;everal acci&shy;

<lb/>dents in them ob&longs;erved, the cau&longs;es re&longs;ide in the things already 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg801"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>known, and received for true and undoubted. </s><s>I &longs;ay therefore, 

<lb/>that it is a truly natural, yea nece&longs;&longs;ary thing, that one and the &longs;ame 

<lb/>moveable made to move round by the &longs;ame moving virtue in a 

<lb/>longer time, do make its cour&longs;e by a greater circle, rather than 

<lb/>by a le&longs;&longs;er; and this is a truth received by all, and con&shy;

<lb/>firmed by all experiments, of which we will produce a few. 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg802"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>In the wheel-clocks, and particularly in the great ones, to mo&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/423.jpg" pagenum="411"/>derate the time, the Artificers that make them accomodate a cer&shy;

<lb/>tain voluble &longs;taffe horozontally, and at each end of it they fa&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ten two Weights of Lead, and when the time goeth too &longs;low, 

<lb/>by the onely removing tho&longs;e Leads a little nearer to the centre 

<lb/>of the &longs;taffe, they render its vibrations more frequent; and on 

<lb/>the contrary to retard it, it is but drawing tho&longs;e Weights more 

<lb/>towards the ends; for &longs;o the vibrations are made more &longs;eldome, 

<lb/>and con&longs;equently the intervals of the hours are prolonged.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg801"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The true Hypo&shy;

<lb/>the&longs;is may di&longs;patch 

<lb/>its revolutions in a 

<lb/>&longs;horter time, in 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;er circles than 

<lb/>in greater; the 

<lb/>which is proved by 

<lb/>two examples.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg802"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The fir&longs;t ex&shy;

<lb/>ample.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>Here the movent vertue is the &longs;ame, namely the counterpoi&longs;e, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg803"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the moveables are tho&longs;e &longs;ame Weights of lead, and their vi&shy;

<lb/>brations are more frequent when they are neerer to the centre, 

<lb/>that is, when they move by le&longs;&longs;er circles. </s><s>Hanging equal 

<lb/>Weights at unequal cords, and being removed from their per&shy;

<lb/>pendicularity, letting them go; we &longs;hall &longs;ee tho&longs;e that are pen&shy;

<lb/>dent at the &longs;horter cords, to make their vibrations under &longs;horter 

<lb/>times, as tho&longs;e that move by le&longs;&longs;er circles. </s><s>Again, let &longs;uch a 

<lb/>kind of Weight be fa&longs;tened to a cord, which cord let play upon 

<lb/>a &longs;taple fa&longs;tened in the Seeling, and do you hold the other end 

<lb/>of the cord in your hand, and having given the motion to the 

<lb/>pendent Weight, whil&longs;t it is making its vibrations, pull the 

<lb/>end of the cord that you hold in your hand, &longs;o that the Weight 

<lb/>may ri&longs;e higher and higher: In its ri&longs;ing you &longs;hall &longs;ee the fre&shy;

<lb/>quency of its vibrations encrea&longs;e, in regard that they are made 

<lb/>&longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively by le&longs;&longs;er and le&longs;&longs;er circies. </s><s>And here I de&longs;ire you to 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg804"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>take notice of two particulars worthy to be ob&longs;erved. </s><s>One is 

<lb/>that the vibrations of one of tho&longs;e plummets are made with &longs;uch 

<lb/>a nece&longs;&longs;ity under &longs;uch determinate times, that it is altogether 

<lb/>impo&longs;&longs;ible to cau&longs;e them to be made under other times, unle&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>it be by prolonging, or abreviating the cord; of which you 

<lb/>may al&longs;o at this very in&longs;tant a&longs;certain your &longs;elves by experience, 

<lb/>tying a &longs;tone to a pack-threed, and holding the other end in 

<lb/>your hand, trying whether you can ever by any artifice be able 

<lb/>to &longs;wing it this way and that way in other than one determinate 

<lb/>time, unle&longs;&longs;e by lengthening or &longs;hortening the &longs;tring, which 

<lb/>you will find to be ab&longs;olutely impo&longs;&longs;ible. </s><s>The other particular 

<lb/>truly admirable is, that the &longs;elf &longs;ame <emph type="italics"/>pendulum<emph.end type="italics"/> makes its vibra&shy;

<lb/>tions with one and the &longs;ame frequency, or very little, and as it 

<lb/>were in&longs;en&longs;ibly different, whether they be made by very great, 

<lb/>or very &longs;mall arches of the &longs;elf-&longs;ame circumference. </s><s>I mean that 

<lb/>whether we remove the <emph type="italics"/>pendulum<emph.end type="italics"/> from perpendicularity one, two, 

<lb/>or three degrees onely, or whether we remove it 70. 80. nay to 

<lb/>an entire quadrant, it being let go, will in the one ca&longs;e and in 

<lb/>the other make its vibrations with the &longs;ame frequency, as well 

<lb/>the former where it is to move by an arch of but four or &longs;ix de&shy;

<lb/>grees, as the &longs;econd, where it is to pa&longs;&longs;e arches of 160. or more 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/424.jpg" pagenum="412"/>degrees. </s><s>Which may the better be &longs;een, by hanging two weights 

<lb/>at two &longs;trings of equal length, and then removing them from per&shy;

<lb/>pendicularity, one a little way, and the other very far; the which 

<lb/>being &longs;et at liberty, will go &amp; return under the &longs;ame times, the one 

<lb/>by arches very &longs;mall, &amp; the other by very great ones, from whence 

<lb/>followeth the conclu&longs;ion of an admirable Problem; which is, 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg805"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>That a Quadrant of a Circle being given (take a little diagram of 

<lb/>the &longs;ame, [in <emph type="italics"/>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 3.]) as for in&longs;tance: A B erect to the Hori&shy;

<lb/>zon, &longs;o as that it re&longs;t upon the plain touching in the point B. and 

<lb/>an Arch being made with a Hoop well plained and &longs;moothed in 

<lb/>the concave part, bending it according to the curvity of the Cir&shy;

<lb/>cumference A D B. </s><s>So that a Bullet very round and &longs;mooth 

<lb/>may freely run to and again within it (the rim of a Sieve is very 

<lb/>proper for the experiment) I &longs;ay, that the Bullet being put in any 

<lb/>what ever place, neer or far from the lowe&longs;t term B. </s><s>As for in&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tance, putting it in the point C, or here in D, or in E; and then 

<lb/>let go, it will in equal times, or in&longs;en&longs;ibly different arrive at the 

<lb/>term B, departing from C, or from D, or from E, or from what&shy;

<lb/>ever other place; an accident truly wonderfull. </s><s>We may add 

<lb/>another accident no le&longs;s &longs;trange than this, which is, That more&shy;

<lb/>over by all the cords drawn from the point B to the points C, 

<lb/>D, E; and to any other what&longs;oever, taken not onely in the Qua&shy;

<lb/>drant B A, but in all the whole circumference of the Circle the 

<lb/>&longs;aid moveable &longs;hall de&longs;cend in times ab&longs;olutely equal; in&longs;omuch 

<lb/>that it &longs;hall be no longer in de&longs;cending by the whole Diameter 

<lb/>erect perpendicularly upon the point B, then it &longs;hall in de&longs;cend&shy;

<lb/>ing by B. C. although it do &longs;ublend but one &longs;ole degree, or a le&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;er Arch. </s><s>Let us add the other wonder, which is, That the mo&shy;

<lb/>tions of the falling bodies made by the Arches of the Quadrant 

<lb/>A B; are made in &longs;horter times than tho&longs;e that are made by the 

<lb/>cords of tho&longs;e &longs;ame Arches; &longs;o that the &longs;wifte&longs;t motion, and 

<lb/>made by a moveable in the &longs;horte&longs;t time, to arrive from the 

<lb/>point A, to the term B, &longs;hall be that which is made, not by the 

<lb/>right line A, B, (although it be the &longs;horte&longs;t of all tho&longs;e that can 

<lb/>de drawn between the points A. B.) but by the circumference 

<lb/>A D B. </s><s>And any point being taken in the &longs;aid Arch; as for 

<lb/>example: The point D. and two cords drawn A D, and D. B. 

<lb/>the moveable departing from the qoint A, &longs;hall in a le&longs;s time 

<lb/>come to B, moving by the two cords A D and D B. than by the 

<lb/>&longs;ole cord A, B. </s><s>But the &longs;horte&longs;t of all the times &longs;hall be that of 

<lb/>the fall by the Arch A D B. </s><s>And the &longs;elf &longs;ame accidents are 

<lb/>to be under&longs;tood of all the other le&longs;&longs;er Arches taken from the 

<lb/>lowermo&longs;t term B. upwards.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg803"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The &longs;econd ex&shy;

<lb/>ample.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg804"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Two particular 

<lb/>notable accidents 

<lb/>in the<emph.end type="italics"/> penduli <emph type="italics"/>and 

<lb/>their vibrations.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg805"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Admirable Pro&shy;

<lb/>blems of movea&shy;

<lb/>bles de&longs;cending by 

<lb/>the Quadrant of a 

<lb/>Circle, and of tho&longs;e 

<lb/>de&longs;cending by all 

<lb/>the cords of the 

<lb/>whole Circle.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>No more, no more; for you &longs;o confund and fill me 

<lb/>with Wonders, and di&longs;tract my thoughts &longs;o many &longs;everal wayes, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/425.jpg" pagenum="413"/>that I fear I &longs;hall have but a &longs;mall part of it left free and di&longs;in&shy;

<lb/>gaged, to apply to the principal matter that is treated of, and 

<lb/>which of it &longs;elf is but even too ob&longs;cure and intricate: So that 

<lb/>I intreat you to vouch&longs;afe me, having once di&longs;patcht the bu&longs;ine&longs;s 

<lb/>of the ebbings and flowings, to do this honour to my hou&longs;e (and 

<lb/>yours) &longs;ome other dayes, and to di&longs;cour&longs;e upon the &longs;o many other 

<lb/>Problems that we have left in &longs;u&longs;pence; and which perhaps are 

<lb/>no le&longs;s curious and admirable, than this that hath been di&longs;cu&longs;&longs;ed 

<lb/>the&longs;e dayes pa&longs;t, and that now ought to draw to a con&shy;

<lb/>clu&longs;ion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I &longs;hall be ready to &longs;erve you, but we mu&longs;t make more 

<lb/>than one or two Se&longs;&longs;ions; if be&longs;ides the other que&longs;tions re&longs;erved 

<lb/>to be handled apart, we would di&longs;cu&longs;&longs;e tho&longs;e many that pertain 

<lb/>to the local motion, as well of natural moveables, as of the reject&shy;

<lb/>ed: an Argument largely treated of by our <emph type="italics"/>Lyncean Accade&shy;

<lb/>mick.<emph.end type="italics"/> But turning to our fir&longs;t purpo&longs;e, where we were about to 

<lb/>declare, That the bodies moving circularly by a movent virtue, 

<lb/>which continually remaineth the &longs;ame, the times of the circula&shy;

<lb/>tions were prefixt and determined, and impo&longs;&longs;ible to be made 

<lb/>longer or &longs;horter, having given examples, and produced experi&shy;

<lb/>ments thereof, &longs;en&longs;ible, and fea&longs;ible, we may confirm the &longs;ame 

<lb/>truth by the experiences of the Cele&longs;tial motions of the Planets; 

<lb/>in which we &longs;ee the &longs;ame rule ob&longs;erved; for tho&longs;e that move by 

<lb/>greater Circles, confirm longer times in pa&longs;&longs;ing them. </s><s>A mo&longs;t 

<lb/>pertinent ob&longs;ervation of this we have from the <emph type="italics"/>Medic&aelig;an<emph.end type="italics"/> Pla&shy;

<lb/>nets, which in &longs;hort times make their revolutions about <emph type="italics"/>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"/>: 

<lb/>In&longs;omuch that it is not to be que&longs;tioned, nay we may hold it for 

<lb/>&longs;ure and certain, that if for example, the Moon continuing to be 

<lb/>moved by the &longs;ame movent faculty, &longs;hould retire by little and 

<lb/>little in le&longs;&longs;er Circles, it would acquire a power of abreviating 

<lb/>the times of its Periods, according to that <emph type="italics"/>Pendulum,<emph.end type="italics"/> of which in 

<lb/>the cour&longs;e of its vibrations, we by degrees &longs;hortned the cord, that 

<lb/>is contracted the Semidiameter of the circumferences by it pa&longs;&longs;ed. 

<lb/></s><s>Know now that this that I have alledged an example of it in the 

<lb/>Moon, is &longs;een and verified e&longs;&longs;entially in fact. </s><s>Let us call to mind, 

<lb/>that it hath been already concluded by us, together with <emph type="italics"/>Coperni-<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg806"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>cus,<emph.end type="italics"/> That it is not po&longs;&longs;ible to &longs;eparate the Moon from the Earth, 

<lb/>about which it without di&longs;pute revolveth in a Moneth: Let us 

<lb/>remember al&longs;o that the Terre&longs;trial Globe, accompanyed alwayes 

<lb/>by the Moon, goeth along the circumference of the Grand Orb 

<lb/>about the Sun in a year, in which time the Moon revolveth about 

<lb/>the Earth almo&longs;t thirteen times; from which revolution it follow&shy;

<lb/>eth, that the &longs;aid Moon &longs;ometimes is found near the Sun; that is, 

<lb/>when it is between the Sun and the Earth, and &longs;ometimes 

<lb/>much more remote, that is, when the Earth is &longs;ituate between 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/426.jpg" pagenum="414"/>the Moon and Sun; neer, in a word, at the time of its conjun 

<lb/>ction and change; remote, in its Full and Oppo&longs;ition; and the 

<lb/>greate&longs;t vicinity differ the quantity of the Diameter of the Lu&shy;

<lb/>nar Orb. </s><s>Now if it be true that the virtue which moveth the 

<lb/>Earth and Moon, about the Sun, be alwayes maintained in 

<lb/>the &longs;ame vigour; and if it be true that the &longs;ame moveable 

<lb/>moved by the &longs;ame virtue, but in circles unequal, do in &longs;horter 

<lb/>times pa&longs;&longs;e like arches of le&longs;&longs;er circles, it mu&longs;t needs be granted, 

<lb/>that the Moon when it is at a le&longs;&longs;e di&longs;tance from the Sun, that is 

<lb/>in the time of conjunction, pa&longs;&longs;eth greater arches of the Grand 

<lb/>Orb, than when it is at a greater di&longs;tance, that is in its Oppp&longs;ition 

<lb/>and Full. </s><s>And this Lunar inequality mu&longs;t of nece&longs;&longs;ity be imparted 

<lb/>to the Earth al&longs;o; for if we &longs;hall &longs;uppo&longs;e a right line produced from 

<lb/>the centre of the Sun by the centre of the Terre&longs;trial Globe, and 

<lb/>prolonged as far as the Orb of the Moon, this &longs;hall be the &longs;emi&shy;

<lb/>diameter of the Grand Orb, in which the Earth, in ca&longs;e it were 

<lb/>alone, would move uniformly, but if in the &longs;ame &longs;emidiameter we 

<lb/>&longs;hould place another body to be carried about, placing it one 

<lb/>while between the Earth and Sun, and another while beyond 

<lb/>the Earth, at a greater di&longs;tance from the Sun, it is nece&longs;&longs;ary, 

<lb/>that in this &longs;econd ca&longs;e the motion common to both, according 

<lb/>to the circumference of the great Orb by means of the di&longs;tance 

<lb/>of the Moon, do prove a little &longs;lower than in the other ca&longs;e, 

<lb/>when the Moon is between the Earth and Sun, that is at a le&longs;&longs;er 

<lb/>di&longs;tance. </s><s>So that in this bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e the very &longs;ame happeneth that 

<lb/>befals in the time of the clock; that lead which is placed one 

<lb/>while farther &longs;rom the centre, to make the vibrations of the 

<lb/>&longs;taffe or ballance le&longs;&longs;e frequent, and another while nearer, to 

<lb/>make them thicker, repre&longs;enting the Moon. </s><s>Hence it may be 

<lb/>manife&longs;t, that the annual motion of the Earth in the Grand 

<lb/>Orb, and under the Ecliptick, is not uniform, and that its ir&shy;

<lb/>regularity proceedeth from the Moon, and hath its Monethly 

<lb/>Periods and Returns. </s><s>And becau&longs;e it hath been concluded, that 

<lb/>the Monethly and Annual Periodick alterations of the ebbings 

<lb/>and flowings, cannot be deduced from any other cau&longs;e than 

<lb/>from the altered proportion between the annual motion and the 

<lb/>additions and &longs;ub&longs;tractions of the diurnal conver&longs;ion; and that 

<lb/>tho&longs;e alterations might be made two wayes, that is by altering 

<lb/>the annual motion, keeping the quantity of the additions un&shy;

<lb/>altered, or by changing of the bigne&longs;&longs;e of the&longs;e, reteining the 

<lb/>uniformity of annual motion. </s><s>We have already found the fir&longs;t 

<lb/>of the&longs;e, depending on the irregularity of the annual motion 

<lb/>occa&longs;ioned by the Moon, and which hath its Monethly Periods. 

<lb/></s><s>It is therefore nece&longs;&longs;ary, that upon that account the ebbings 

<lb/>and flowings have a Monethly Period in which they do grow 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/427.jpg" pagenum="415"/>greater and le&longs;&longs;er. </s><s>Now you &longs;ee that the cau&longs;e of the Monethly 

<lb/>Period re&longs;ideth in the annual motion; and withal you &longs;ee how 

<lb/>much the Moon is concerned in this bu&longs;ine&longs;s, and how it is there&shy;

<lb/>with interrupted apart, without having any thing to do with either, 

<lb/>with Seas or Waters.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg806"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Earths an&shy;

<lb/>nual motion by the 

<lb/>Ecliptick, unequal 

<lb/>by means of the 

<lb/>Moons motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If one that never had &longs;een any kinde of Stairs or La&shy;

<lb/>der, were &longs;hewed a very high Tower, and asked if ever he hoped 

<lb/>to climb to the top of it, I verily believe that he would an&longs;wer he 

<lb/>did not, not conceiving how one &longs;hould come thither any way 

<lb/>except by flying; but &longs;hewing him a &longs;tone of but a foot high, and 

<lb/>asking him whether he thought he could get to the top of that, 

<lb/>I am certain that he would an&longs;wer he could; and farther, that he 

<lb/>would not deny, but that it was not onely one, but ten, twenty, 

<lb/>and an hundred times ea&longs;ier to climb that: But now if he &longs;hould 

<lb/>be &longs;hewed the Stairs, by means whereof, with the facility by him 

<lb/>granted, it is po&longs;&longs;ible to get thither, whither he a little before had 

<lb/>affirmed it was impo&longs;&longs;ible to a&longs;cend, I do think that laughing at 

<lb/>him&longs;elf he would confe&longs;s his dulne&longs;s of apprehen&longs;ion. </s><s>Thus, 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> have you &longs;tep by &longs;tep &longs;o gently lead me, that, not 

<lb/>without wonder, I finde that I am got with &longs;mall pains to that 

<lb/>height which I de&longs;paired of arriving at. 'Tis true; that the Stair&shy;

<lb/>ca&longs;e having been dark, I did not perceive that I was got nearer 

<lb/>to, or arrived at the top, till that coming into the open Air I di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>covered a great Sea, and &longs;pacious Country: And as in a&longs;cending 

<lb/>one &longs;tep, there is no labour; &longs;o each of your propo&longs;itions by it 

<lb/>&longs;elf &longs;eemed to me &longs;o plain, that thinking I heard but little or no&shy;

<lb/>thing that was new unto me, I conceived that my benefit thereby 

<lb/>had been little or none at all: Whereupon I was the more ama&shy;

<lb/>zed at the unexpected <emph type="italics"/>exit<emph.end type="italics"/> of this di&longs;cour&longs;e, that hath guided me 

<lb/>to the knowledge of a thing which I held impo&longs;&longs;ible to be de&shy;

<lb/>mon&longs;trated. </s><s>One doubt onely remains, from which I de&longs;ire to 

<lb/>be freed, and this it is; Whether that if the motion of the Earth 

<lb/>together with that of the Moon under the Zodiack are irregular 

<lb/>motions, tho&longs;e irregularities ought to have been ob&longs;erved and ta&shy;

<lb/>ken notice of by <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomers,<emph.end type="italics"/> which I do not know that they 

<lb/>are: Therefore I pray you, who are better acquainted with the&longs;e 

<lb/>things than I, to free me from this doubt, and tell me how the 

<lb/>ca&longs;e &longs;tands.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You ask a rational que&longs;tion, and an&longs;wering to the Ob&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg807"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>jection, I &longs;ay; That although <emph type="italics"/>A&longs;tronomy<emph.end type="italics"/> in the cour&longs;es of many 

<lb/>ages hath made a great progre&longs;s in di&longs;covering the con&longs;titution 

<lb/>and motions of the Cele&longs;tial bodies, yet is it not hitherto arrived 

<lb/>at that height, but that very many things remain undecided, and 

<lb/>haply many others al&longs;o undi&longs;covered. </s><s>It is to be &longs;uppo&longs;ed that the 

<lb/>fir&longs;t ob&longs;ervers of Heaven knew no more but one motion common 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/428.jpg" pagenum="416"/>to all the Stars, as is this diurnal one: yet I believe that in few 

<lb/>dayes they perceived that the Moon was incon&longs;tant in keeping 

<lb/>company with the other Stars; but yet withal, that many years 

<lb/>pa&longs;t, before that they di&longs;tingui&longs;hed all the Planets: And in par&shy;

<lb/>ticular, I conceit that <emph type="italics"/>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"/> by its &longs;lowne&longs;s, and <emph type="italics"/>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"/> by rea&shy;

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg808"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;on of its &longs;eldom appearing, were the la&longs;t that were ob&longs;erved to 

<lb/>be wandring and errant. </s><s>It is to be thought that many more 

<lb/>years run out before the &longs;tations and retrogradations of the three 

<lb/>&longs;uperiour Planets were known, as al&longs;o their approximations and 

<lb/>rece&longs;&longs;ions from the Earth, nece&longs;&longs;ary occa&longs;ions of introducing the 

<lb/>Eccentrix and Epicicles, things unknown even to <emph type="italics"/>Ari&longs;totle,<emph.end type="italics"/> for 

<lb/>that he makes no mention thereof. <emph type="italics"/>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"/> and <emph type="italics"/>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> with 

<lb/>their admirable apparitions; how long did they keep A&longs;trono&shy;

<lb/>mers in &longs;u&longs;pence, before that they could re&longs;olve (not to &longs;peak of 

<lb/>any other of their qualities) upon their &longs;ituation? </s><s>In&longs;omuch 

<lb/>that the very order onely of the Mundane bodies, and the inte&shy;

<lb/>gral &longs;tructure of the parts of the Univer&longs;e by us known, hath been 

<lb/>doubted of untill the time of <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"/> who hath at la&longs;t given 

<lb/>us notice of the true con&longs;titution, and real &longs;y&longs;teme, according to 

<lb/>which tho&longs;e parts are di&longs;po&longs;ed; &longs;o that at length we are certain 

<lb/>that <emph type="italics"/>Mercury, Venus,<emph.end type="italics"/> and the other Planets do revolve about 

<lb/>the Sun; and that the Moon revolveth about the Earth. </s><s>But 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg809"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>how each Planet governeth it &longs;elf in its particular revolution, and 

<lb/>how preci&longs;ely the &longs;tructure of its Orb is framed; which is that 

<lb/>which is vulgarly called the <emph type="italics"/>Theory<emph.end type="italics"/> of the <emph type="italics"/>Planets,<emph.end type="italics"/> we cannot as 

<lb/>yet undoubtedly re&longs;olve. <emph type="italics"/>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"/> that hath &longs;o much puzled our 

<lb/>Modern A&longs;tronomers, is a proof of this: And to the Moon her 

<lb/>&longs;elf there have been a&longs;&longs;igned &longs;everal Theories, after that the &longs;aid 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> had much altered it from that of <emph type="italics"/>Ptolomy.<emph.end type="italics"/> And to 

<lb/>de&longs;cend to our particular ca&longs;e, that is to &longs;ay, to the apparent mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the Sun and Moon; touching the former, there hath been 

<lb/>ob&longs;erved a certain great irregularity, whereby it pa&longs;&longs;eth the two 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg810"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>&longs;emicircles of the Ecliptick, divided by the points of the Equi&shy;

<lb/>noxes in very different times; in pa&longs;&longs;ing one of which, it &longs;pend&shy;

<lb/>eth about nine dayes more than in pa&longs;&longs;ing the other; a difference, 

<lb/>as you &longs;ee, very great and notable. </s><s>But if in pa&longs;&longs;ing &longs;mall arches, 

<lb/>&longs;uch for example as are the twelve Signs, he maintain a mo&longs;t re&shy;

<lb/>gular motion, or el&longs;e proceed with paces, one while a little more 

<lb/>&longs;wift, and another more &longs;low, as it is nece&longs;&longs;ary that it do, in ca&longs;e 

<lb/>the annual motion belong to the Sun onely in appearance, but 

<lb/>in reality to the Earth in company with the Moon, it is what hath 

<lb/>not hitherto been ob&longs;erved, nor it may be, &longs;ought. </s><s>Touching 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg811"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>the Moon in the next place, who&longs;e re&longs;titutions have been prin&shy;

<lb/>cipally lookt into an account of the Eclip&longs;es, for which it is &longs;uf&shy;

<lb/>ficient to have an exact knowledge of its motion about the Earth, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/429.jpg" pagenum="417"/>it hath not been likewi&longs;e with a perfect curio&longs;ity inquired, what 

<lb/>its cour&longs;e is thorow the particular arches of the Zodiack. </s><s>That 

<lb/>therefore the Earth and Moon in running through the Zodiack, 

<lb/>that is round the Grand Orb, do &longs;omewhat accellerate at the 

<lb/>Moons change, and retard at its full, ought not to be doubted; 

<lb/>for that the &longs;aid difference is not manife&longs;t, which cometh to be 

<lb/>unob&longs;erved upon two accounts; Fir&longs;t, Becau&longs;e it hath not been 

<lb/>lookt for. </s><s>Secondly, Becau&longs;e that its po&longs;&longs;ible it may not be very 

<lb/>great. </s><s>Nor is there any need that it &longs;hould be great, for the pro&shy;

<lb/>ducing the effect that we &longs;ee in the alteration of the greatne&longs;s of 

<lb/>ebbings and flowings. </s><s>For not onely tho&longs;e alterations, but the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg812"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Tides them&longs;elves are but &longs;mall matters in re&longs;pect of the grandure 

<lb/>of the &longs;ubjects on which they work; albeit that to us, and to our 

<lb/>littlene&longs;s they &longs;eem great. </s><s>For the addition or &longs;ubduction of 

<lb/>one degree of velocity where there are naturally 700, or 1000, 

<lb/>can be called no great alteration, either in that which conferreth 

<lb/>it, or in that Which receiveth it: the Water of our Mediterrane 

<lb/>carried about by the diurnal revolution, maketh about 700 miles 

<lb/>an hour, (which is the motion common to the Earth and to it, and 

<lb/>therefore not perceptible to us) &amp; that which we &longs;en&longs;ibly di&longs;cern 

<lb/>to be made in the &longs;treams or currents, is not at the rate of full one 

<lb/>mile an hour, (I &longs;peak of the main Seas, and not of the Straights) 

<lb/>and this is that which altereth the fir&longs;t, naturall, and grand mo&shy;

<lb/>tion; and this motion is very great in re&longs;pect of us, and of Ships: 

<lb/>for a Ve&longs;&longs;el that in a &longs;tanding Water by the help of Oares can 

<lb/>make <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"/> three miles an hour, in that &longs;ame current will row 

<lb/>twice as far with the &longs;tream as again&longs;t it: A notable difference 

<lb/>in the motion of the Boat, though but very &longs;mall in the motion 

<lb/>of the Sea, which is altered but its &longs;even hundredth part. </s><s>The 

<lb/>like I &longs;ay of its ri&longs;ing, and falling one, two, or three feet; and 

<lb/>&longs;carcely four or five in the utmo&longs;t bounds of a &longs;treight, two thou&shy;

<lb/>&longs;and, or more miles long, and where there are depths of hundreds 

<lb/>of feet; this alteration is much le&longs;s than if in one of the Boats 

<lb/>that bring us fre&longs;h Water, the &longs;aid Water upon the arre&longs;t of the 

<lb/>Boat &longs;hould ri&longs;e at the Prow the thickne&longs;s of a leaf. </s><s>I conclude 

<lb/>therefore that very &longs;mall alterations in re&longs;pect of the immen&longs;e 

<lb/>greatne&longs;s, and extraordinary velocity of the Seas, is &longs;ufficient to 

<lb/>make therein great mutations in relation to our &longs;mallne&longs;s, and to 

<lb/>our accidents.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg807"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Many things 

<lb/>may remain as yet 

<lb/>unob&longs;erved in A&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tronomy.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg808"></margin.target>Saturn <emph type="italics"/>for its 

<lb/>&longs;lowne&longs;s, and<emph.end type="italics"/> Mer&shy;

<lb/>cury <emph type="italics"/>for its rare&shy;

<lb/>ne&longs;s of appearing 

<lb/>were among&longs;t tho&longs;e 

<lb/>that were la&longs;t ob&shy;

<lb/>&longs;erved.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg809"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Particular &longs;tru&shy;

<lb/>ctures of the Orbs 

<lb/>of the Planets not 

<lb/>yet well re&longs;olved.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg810"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Sun pa&longs;&longs;&shy;

<lb/>eth one half of the 

<lb/>Zodiack nine days 

<lb/>&longs;ooner than the 

<lb/>other.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg811"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The Moons mo&shy;

<lb/>tion principally 

<lb/>&longs;ought in the ac&shy;

<lb/>count of Eclip&longs;es.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg812"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>Ebbings and 

<lb/>flowings are petty 

<lb/>things in compari&shy;

<lb/>&longs;on of the va&longs;tne&longs;s 

<lb/>of Seas, and of the 

<lb/>velocity of the mo&shy;

<lb/>tion of the Terre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trial Globe.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am fully &longs;atisfied as to this particular; it remains to 

<lb/>declare unto us how tho&longs;e additions and &longs;ub&longs;tractions derived 

<lb/>from the diurnal <emph type="italics"/>Vertigo<emph.end type="italics"/> are made one while greater, and ano&shy;

<lb/>ther while le&longs;&longs;er; from which alterations you hinted that the an&shy;

<lb/>nual period of the augmentations and diminutions of the eb&shy;

<lb/>bings and flowings did depend.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/430.jpg" pagenum="418"/><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will u&longs;e my utmo&longs;t endeavours to render my &longs;elf 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg813"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>intelligible, but the difficulty of the accident it &longs;elf, and the 

<lb/>great attention of mind requi&longs;ite for the comprehending of it, 

<lb/>con&longs;trains me to be ob&longs;cure. </s><s>The unequalities of the additions 

<lb/>and &longs;ub&longs;tractions, that the diurnal motion maketh to or from 

<lb/>the annual dependeth upon the inclination of the Axis of the di&shy;

<lb/>urnal motion upon the plane of the Grand Orb, or, if you plea&longs;e, 

<lb/>of the Ecliptick; by means of which inclination the Equinoctial 

<lb/>inter&longs;ecteth the &longs;aid Ecliptick, remaining inclined and oblique 

<lb/>upon the &longs;ame according to the &longs;aid inclination of Axis. </s><s>And the 

<lb/>quantity of the additions importeth as much as the whole diame&shy;

<lb/>ter of the &longs;aid Equinoctial, the Earths centre being at the &longs;ame 

<lb/>time in the Sol&longs;titial points; but being out of them it importeth 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;e and le&longs;&longs;e, according as the &longs;aid centre &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively approa&shy;

<lb/>cheth to the points of the Equinoxes, where tho&longs;e additions are 

<lb/>le&longs;&longs;er than in any other places. </s><s>This is the whole bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e, but 

<lb/>wrapt up in the ob&longs;curity that you &longs;ee.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg813"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The cau&longs;es of 

<lb/>the inequality of 

<lb/>the additions and 

<lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tractions of the 

<lb/>diurnal conver&longs;ion 

<lb/>from the annual 

<lb/>motion.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Rather in that which I do no not &longs;ee; for hitherto I 

<lb/>comprehend nothing at all.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have already foretold it. </s><s>Neverthele&longs;&longs;e we will try 

<lb/>whether by drawing a Diagram thereof, we can give &longs;ome 

<lb/>&longs;mall light to the &longs;ame; though indeed it might better be &longs;et 

<lb/>forth by &longs;olid bodies than by bare Schemes; yet we will help our 

<lb/>&longs;elves with Per&longs;pective and fore-&longs;hortning. </s><s>Let us draw there&shy;

<lb/>fore, as before, the circumference of the Grand Orb, [<emph type="italics"/>as in 

<lb/>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"/> 4.] in which the point A is under&longs;tood to be one of the 

<lb/>Sol&longs;titials, and the diameter A P the common Section of the 

<lb/>Sol&longs;titial Colure, and of the plane of the Grand Orb or Eclip&shy;

<lb/>tick; and in that &longs;ame point A let us &longs;uppo&longs;e the centre of the 

<lb/>Terre&longs;trial Globe to be placed, the Axis of which C A B, in&shy;

<lb/>clined upon the Plane of the Grand Orb, falleth on the plane of 

<lb/>the &longs;aid Colure that pa&longs;&longs;eth thorow both the Axis of the Equino&shy;

<lb/>ctial, and of the Ecliptick. </s><s>And for to prevent confu&longs;ion, let 

<lb/>us only draw the Equinoctial circle, marking it with the&longs;e chara&shy;

<lb/>cters D G E F, the common &longs;ection of which, with the plane of 

<lb/>the grand Orb, let be the line D E, &longs;o that half of the &longs;aid E&shy;

<lb/>quinoctial D F E will remain inclined below the plane of the 

<lb/>Grand Orb, and the other half D G E elevated above. </s><s>Let 

<lb/>now the Revolution of the &longs;aid Equinoctial be made, according 

<lb/>to the order of the points D G E F, and the motion of the cen&shy;

<lb/>tre from A towards E. </s><s>And becau&longs;e the centre of the Earth 

<lb/>being in A, the Axis C B (which is erect upon the diameter of 

<lb/>the Equinoctial D E) falleth, as hath been &longs;aid, in the Sol&longs;ti&shy;

<lb/>tial Colure, the common Section of which and of the 

<lb/>Grand Orb, is the diameter P A, the &longs;aid line P A &longs;hall 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/431.jpg" pagenum="419"/>be perpendicular to the &longs;ame D E, by rea&longs;on that the Colure is 

<lb/>erect upon the grand Orb; and therefore the &longs;aid D E, 

<lb/>&longs;hall be the Tangent of the grand Orb in the point A. 

<lb/></s><s>So that in this Po&longs;ition the motion of the Centre by the arch 

<lb/>A E; that is, of one degree every day differeth very little; yea, 

<lb/>is as if it were made by the Tangent D A E. </s><s>And becau&longs;e by 

<lb/>means of the diurnal motion the point D, carried about by G, 

<lb/>unto E, encrea&longs;eth the motion of the Centre moved almo&longs;t in the 

<lb/>&longs;ame line D E, as much as the whole diameter D E amounts 

<lb/>unto; and on the other &longs;ide dimini&longs;heth as much, moving about 

<lb/>the other &longs;emicircle E F D. </s><s>The additions and &longs;ubductions 

<lb/>in this place therefore, that is in the time of the &longs;ol&longs;tice, &longs;hall be 

<lb/>mea&longs;ured by the whole diameter D E.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Let us in the next place enquire, Whether they be of the &longs;ame 

<lb/>bigne&longs;s in the times of the <emph type="italics"/>E<emph.end type="italics"/>quinoxes; and tran&longs;porting the 

<lb/>Centre of the Earth to the point I, di&longs;tant a Quadrant of a 

<lb/>Circle from the point A. </s><s>Let us &longs;uppo&longs;e the &longs;aid Equinoctial 

<lb/>to be G E F D, its common &longs;ection with the grand Orb D E, the 

<lb/>Axis with the &longs;ame inclination C B; but the Tangent of the grand 

<lb/>Orb in the point I &longs;hall be no longer D E, but another which 

<lb/>&longs;hall cut that at right Angles; and let it be this marked H I L, 

<lb/>according to which the motion of the Centre I, &longs;hall make its pro&shy;

<lb/>gre&longs;s, proceeding along the circumference of this grand Orb. 

<lb/></s><s>Now in this &longs;tate the Additions and Sub&longs;tractions are no longer 

<lb/>mea&longs;ured by the diameter D E, as before was done; becau&longs;e that 

<lb/>diameter not di&longs;tending it &longs;elf according to the line of the annual 

<lb/>motion H L, rather cutting it at right angles, tho&longs;e terms D E, do 

<lb/>neither add nor &longs;ub&longs;tract any thing; but the Additions and 

<lb/>Sub&longs;tractons are to be taken from that diameter that falleth 

<lb/>in the plane that is errect upon the plane of the grand Orb, and 

<lb/>that inter&longs;ects it according to the line H L; which diameter in this 

<lb/>ca&longs;e &longs;hall be this G F and the Adjective, if I may &longs;o &longs;ay, &longs;hall 

<lb/>be that made by the point G, about the &longs;emicircle G E F, and the 

<lb/>Ablative &longs;hall be the re&longs;t made by the other &longs;emicircle F D G. 

<lb/></s><s>Now this diameter, as not being in the &longs;ame line H L of the 

<lb/>annual motion, but rather cutting it, as we &longs;ee in the point I, the 

<lb/>term G being elevated above, and E depre&longs;&longs;ed below the plane 

<lb/>of the grand Orb, doth not determine the Additions and Sub&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tractions according to its whole length, but the quantity of tho&longs;e 

<lb/>fir&longs;t ought to be taken from the part of the line H L, that is in&shy;

<lb/>tercepted between the perpendiculars drawn upon it from the 

<lb/>terms G F; namely, the&longs;e two G S, and F V: So that the mea&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ure of the additions is the line S V le&longs;&longs;er then G F, or then D E; 

<lb/>which was the mea&longs;ure of the additions in the Sol&longs;tice A. </s><s>And 

<lb/>&longs;o &longs;ucce&longs;&longs;ively, according as the centre of the Earth &longs;hall be con&shy;





<pb xlink:href="065/01/432.jpg" pagenum="420"/>&longs;tituted in other points of the Quadrant A I, drawing the Tan&shy;

<lb/>gents in the &longs;aid points, and the perpndiculars upon the &longs;ame fal&shy;

<lb/>ling from the terms of the diameters of the Equinoctial drawn 

<lb/>from the errect planes by the &longs;aid Tangents to the plane of the 

<lb/>grand Orb; the parts of the &longs;aid Tangents (which &longs;hall conti&shy;

<lb/>nually be le&longs;&longs;er towards the Equinoctials, and greater towards the 

<lb/>Sol&longs;tices) &longs;hall give us the quantities of the additions and &longs;ub&longs;tra&shy;

<lb/>ctions. </s><s>How much in the next place the lea&longs;t additions differ from 

<lb/>the greate&longs;t, is ea&longs;ie to be known, becau&longs;e there is the &longs;ame dif&shy;

<lb/>ference betwixt them, as between the whole Axis or Diameter of 

<lb/>the Sphere, and the part thereof that lyeth between the Polar&shy;

<lb/>Circles; the which is le&longs;s than the whole diameter by very near a 

<lb/>twelfth part, &longs;uppo&longs;ing yet that we &longs;peak of the additions and 

<lb/>&longs;ub&longs;tractions made in the Equinoctial; but in the other Paral&shy;

<lb/>lels they are le&longs;&longs;er, according as their diameters do dimini&longs;h.</s></p><p type="main"><s>This is all that I have to &longs;ay upon this Argument, and all perhaps 

<lb/>that can fall under the comprehen&longs;ion of our knowledge, which, 

<lb/>as you well know, may not entertain any conclu&longs;ions, &longs;ave onely 

<lb/>tho&longs;e that are firm and con&longs;tant, &longs;uch as are the three kinds of Pe&shy;

<lb/>riods of the ebbings and flowings; for that they depend on cau&longs;es 

<lb/>that are invariable, &longs;imple, and eternal. </s><s>But becau&longs;e that &longs;e&shy;

<lb/>condary and particular cau&longs;es, able to make many alterations, in&shy;

<lb/>termix with the&longs;e that are the primary and univer&longs;al; and the&longs;e 

<lb/>&longs;econdary cau&longs;es being part of them incon&longs;tant, and not to be 

<lb/>ob&longs;erved; as for example, The alteration of Winds, and part 

<lb/>(though terminate and fixed) unob&longs;erved for their multiplicity, 

<lb/>as are the lengths of the Straights, their various inclinations to&shy;

<lb/>wards this or that part, the &longs;o many and &longs;o different depths of the 

<lb/>Waters, who &longs;hall be able, unle&longs;s after very long ob&longs;ervations, and 

<lb/>very certain relations, to frame &longs;o expeditious Hi&longs;tories thereof, as 

<lb/>that they may &longs;erve for Hypoth e&longs;es, and certain &longs;uppo&longs;itions to 

<lb/>&longs;uch as will by their combinations give adequate rea&longs;ons of all the 

<lb/>appearances, and as I may &longs;ay, Anomalie, and particular irregula&shy;

<lb/>rities that may be di&longs;covered in the motions of the Waters? </s><s>I 

<lb/>will content my &longs;elf with adverti&longs;ing you, that the accidental 

<lb/>cau&longs;es are in nature, and are able to produce many alterations; 

<lb/>for the more minute ob&longs;ervations, I remit them to be made by 

<lb/>tho&longs;e that frequent &longs;everal Seas: and onely by way of a conclu&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ion to this our conference, I will propo&longs;e to be con&longs;idered, how 

<lb/>that the preci&longs;e times of the fluxes and refluxes do not onely hap&shy;

<lb/>pen to be altered by the length of Straights, and by the diffe&shy;

<lb/>rence of depths; but I believe that a notable alteration may al&longs;o 

<lb/>proceed from the comparing together of &longs;undry tarcts of Sea, 

<lb/>different in greatne&longs;s; and in po&longs;ition, or, if you will, inclina&shy;

<lb/>tion; which difference happeneth exactly here in the <emph type="italics"/>Adriatick<emph.end type="italics"/>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/433.jpg" pagenum="421"/>Gulph, le&longs;&longs;e by far than the re&longs;t of the Mediterrane, and placed in 

<lb/>&longs;o different an inclination, that whereas that hath its bounds that 

<lb/>inclo&longs;eth it on the Ea&longs;tern part, as are the Coa&longs;ts of <emph type="italics"/>Syria,<emph.end type="italics"/> this is 

<lb/>&longs;hut up in its more We&longs;terly part: and becau&longs;e the ebbings and 

<lb/>flowings are much greater towards the extremities, yea, becau&longs;e 

<lb/>the Seas ri&longs;ings and fallings are there onely greate&longs;t, it may pro&shy;

<lb/>bably happen that the times of Flood at <emph type="italics"/>Venice<emph.end type="italics"/> may be the time of 

<lb/>low Water in the other Sea, which, as being much greater, and 

<lb/>di&longs;tended more directly from We&longs;t to Ea&longs;t, cometh in a certain 

<lb/>&longs;ort to have dominion over the <emph type="italics"/>Adriatick:<emph.end type="italics"/> and therefore it 

<lb/>would be no wonder, in ca&longs;e the effects depending on the pri&shy;

<lb/>mary cau&longs;es, &longs;hould not hold true in the times that they ought, 

<lb/>and that corre&longs;pond to the periods in the <emph type="italics"/>Adriatick,<emph.end type="italics"/> as it doth 

<lb/>in the re&longs;t of the Mediterrane. </s><s>But the&longs;e Particularities require 

<lb/>long Ob&longs;ervations, which I neither have made as yet, nor &longs;hall I 

<lb/>ever be able to make the &longs;ame for the future.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You have, in my opinion, done enough in opening us 

<lb/>the way to &longs;o lofty a &longs;peculation, of which, if you had given us 

<lb/>no more than that fir&longs;t general Propo&longs;ition that &longs;eemeth to me to 

<lb/>admit of no reply, where you declare very rationally, that the 

<lb/>Ve&longs;&longs;els containing the Sea-waters continuing &longs;tedfa&longs;t, it would 

<lb/>be impo&longs;&longs;ible, according to the common cour&longs;e of Nature, that 

<lb/>tho&longs;e motions &longs;hould follow in them which we &longs;ee do follow; 

<lb/>and that, on the other &longs;ide, granting the motions a&longs;cribed, for o&shy;

<lb/>ther re&longs;pects, by <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> to the Terre&longs;trial Globe, the&longs;e &longs;ame 

<lb/>alterations ought to en&longs;ue in the Seas, if I &longs;ay you had told us no 

<lb/>more, this alone in my judgment, &longs;o far exceeds the vanities in&shy;

<lb/>troduced by &longs;o many others, that my meer looking on them 

<lb/>makes me nau&longs;eate them, and I very much admire, that among 

<lb/>men of &longs;ublime wit, of which neverthele&longs;s there are not a few, 

<lb/>not one hath ever con&longs;idered the incompatibility that is between 

<lb/>the reciprocal motion of the Water contained, and the immobi&shy;

<lb/>lity of the Ve&longs;&longs;el containing, which contradiction &longs;eemeth to me 

<lb/>now &longs;o manife&longs;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is more to be admired, that it having come into the 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg814"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>thoughts of &longs;ome to refer the cau&longs;e of the Tide to the motion of 

<lb/>the Earth, therein &longs;hewing a more than common apprehen&longs;ion, 

<lb/>they &longs;hould, in afterwards driving home the motion clo&longs;e with 

<lb/>no &longs;ide; and all, becau&longs;e they did not &longs;ee that one &longs;imple and 

<lb/>uniform motion, as <emph type="italics"/>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"/> the &longs;ole diurnal motion of the Terre&shy;

<lb/>&longs;trial Globe, doth not &longs;uffice, but that there is required an une&shy;

<lb/>ven motion, one while accelerated, and another while retarded: 

<lb/>for when the motion of the Ve&longs;&longs;els are uniforme, the waters 

<lb/>contained will habituate them&longs;elves thereto, without ever ma&shy;

<lb/>king any alteration. </s><s>To &longs;ay al&longs;o (as it is related of an ancient 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/434.jpg" pagenum="422"/><arrow.to.target n="marg815"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>Mathematician) that the motion of the Earth meeting with the 

<lb/>motion of the Lunar Orb, the concurrence of them occa&longs;ioneth 

<lb/>the Ebbing and Flowing, is an ab&longs;olute vanity, not onely be&shy;

<lb/>cau&longs;e it is not expre&longs;t, nor &longs;een how it &longs;hould &longs;o happen, but the 

<lb/>fal&longs;ity is obvious, for that the Revolution of the Earth is not con&shy;

<lb/>trary to the motion of the Moon, but is towards the &longs;ame way. 

<lb/></s><s>So that all that hath been hitherto &longs;aid, and imagined by others, 

<lb/>is, in my judgment, altogether invalid. </s><s>But among&longs;t all the 

<lb/>famous men that have philo&longs;ophated upon this admirable effect 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg816"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>of Nature, I more wonder at <emph type="italics"/>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"/> than any of the re&longs;t, who 

<lb/>being of a free and piercing wit, and having the motion a&longs;cri&shy;

<lb/>bed to the Earth, before him, hath for all that given his ear and 

<lb/>a&longs;&longs;ent to the Moons predominancy over the Water, and to oc&shy;

<lb/>cult properties, and &longs;uch like trifles.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg814"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>One &longs;ingle moti&shy;

<lb/>on of the terre&longs;tri&shy;

<lb/>al Globe &longs;ufficeth 

<lb/>not to produce the 

<lb/>Ebbing &amp; Flowing<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg815"></margin.target><emph type="italics"/>The opinion of<emph.end type="italics"/>

<lb/>Seleucus <emph type="italics"/>the Ma&shy;

<lb/>thematician cen&longs;u&shy;

<lb/>red.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg816"></margin.target>Kepler <emph type="italics"/>is with 

<lb/>ve&longs;pect blamed.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am of opinion, that to the&longs;e more &longs;paculative per&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ons the &longs;ame happened, that at pre&longs;ent befalls me, namely, the 

<lb/>not under&longs;tanding the intricate commixtion of the three Periods 

<lb/>Annual, Monethly, and Diurnal; And how their cau&longs;es &longs;hould 

<lb/>&longs;eem to depend on the Sun, and on the Moon, without the Suns 

<lb/>or Moons having any thing to do with the Water; a bu&longs;ine&longs;&longs;e, 

<lb/>for the full under&longs;tanding of which I &longs;tand in need of a little 

<lb/>longer time to con&longs;ider thereof, which the novelty and difficulty 

<lb/>of it hath hitherto hindred me from doing: but I de&longs;pair not, but 

<lb/>that when I return in my &longs;olitude and &longs;ilence to ruminate that 

<lb/>which remaineth in my fancy, not very well dige&longs;ted, I &longs;hall 

<lb/>make it my own. </s><s>We have now, from the&longs;e four dayes Di&longs;&shy;

<lb/>cour&longs;e, great atte&longs;tations, in favour of the <emph type="italics"/>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"/> Sy&longs;teme, 

<lb/>among&longs;t which the&longs;e three taken: the fir&longs;t, from the Stations and 

<lb/>Retrogradations of the Planets, and from their approaches, and 

<lb/>rece&longs;&longs;ions from the Earth; the &longs;econd, from the Suns revolving 

<lb/>in it &longs;elf, and from what is ob&longs;erved in its &longs;pots; the third, from 

<lb/>the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea do &longs;hew very rational and 

<lb/>concluding.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>To which al&longs;o haply, in &longs;hort, one might adde a 

<lb/>fourth, and peradventure a fifth; a fourth, I &longs;ay, taken from 

<lb/>the fixed &longs;tars, &longs;eeing that in them, upon exact ob&longs;ervations, tho&longs;e 

<lb/>minute mutations appear, that <emph type="italics"/>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"/> thought to have been 

<lb/>in&longs;en&longs;ible. </s><s>There &longs;tarts up, at this in&longs;tant, a fifth novelty, from 

<lb/>which one may argue mobility in the Terre&longs;trial Globe, by 

<lb/><arrow.to.target n="marg817"></arrow.to.target>

<lb/>means of that which the mo&longs;t Illu&longs;trious <emph type="italics"/>Signore C&aelig;&longs;are,<emph.end type="italics"/> of the 

<lb/>noble Family of the <emph type="italics"/>Mar&longs;ilii<emph.end type="italics"/> of <emph type="italics"/>Bologna,<emph.end type="italics"/> and a <emph type="italics"/>Lyncean<emph.end type="italics"/> Aca&shy;

<lb/>demick, di&longs;covereth with much ingenuity, who in a very learned 

<lb/>Tract of his, &longs;heweth very particularly how that he had ob&longs;erved 

<lb/>a continual mutation, though very &longs;low in the Meridian line, 

<lb/>of which Treati&longs;e, at length, with amazement, peru&longs;ed by me, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/435.jpg" pagenum="423"/>I hope he will communicate Copies to all tho&longs;e that are Students 

<lb/>of Natures Wonders.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg817"></margin.target>Sig. </s><s>C&aelig;&longs;are Mar&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ilius <emph type="italics"/>ob&longs;erveth the 

<lb/>Meridian to be 

<lb/>moveable.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This is not the fir&longs;t time that I have heard &longs;peak of 

<lb/>the exqui&longs;ite Learning of this Gentleman, and of his &longs;hewing 

<lb/>him&longs;elf a zealous Patron of all the Learned, and if this, or any 

<lb/>other of his Works &longs;hall come to appear in publique, we may be 

<lb/>aforehand a&longs;&longs;ured, that they will be received, as things of great 

<lb/>value.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now becau&longs;e it is time to put an end to our Di&longs;cour&shy;

<lb/>&longs;es, it remaineth, that I intreat you, that if, at more lea&longs;ure go&shy;

<lb/>ing over the things again that have been alledged you meet 

<lb/>with any doubts, or &longs;cruples not well re&longs;olved, you will excu&longs;e 

<lb/>my over&longs;ight, as well for the novelty of the Notion, as for the 

<lb/>weakne&longs;&longs;e of my wit, as al&longs;o for the grandure of the Subject, 

<lb/>as al&longs;o finally, becau&longs;e I do not, nor have pretended to that a&longs;&shy;

<lb/>&longs;ent from others, which I my &longs;elf do not give to this conceit, 

<lb/>which I could very ea&longs;ily grant to be a <emph type="italics"/>Chym&aelig;ra,<emph.end type="italics"/> and a meer 

<lb/>paradox; and you <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> although in the Di&longs;cour&longs;es pa&longs;t 

<lb/>you have many times, with great applau&longs;e, declared, that you 

<lb/>were plea&longs;ed with &longs;ome of my conjectures, yet do I believe, that 

<lb/>that was in part more occa&longs;ioned by the novelty than by the cer&shy;

<lb/>tainty of them, but much more by your courte&longs;ie, which did 

<lb/>think and de&longs;ire, by its a&longs;&longs;ent, to procure me that content which 

<lb/>we naturally u&longs;e to take in the approbation and applau&longs;e of our 

<lb/>own matters: and as your civility hath obliged me to you; &longs;o 

<lb/>am I al&longs;o plea&longs;ed with the ingenuity of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"/> Nay, his 

<lb/>con&longs;tancy in maintaining the Doctrine of his Ma&longs;ter, with &longs;o 

<lb/>much &longs;trength &amp; undauntedne&longs;s, hath made me much to love him. 

<lb/></s><s>And as I am to give you thanks, <emph type="italics"/>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"/> for your courteous a&longs;&shy;

<lb/>fection; &longs;o of <emph type="italics"/>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"/> I ask pardon, if I have &longs;ometimes 

<lb/>moved him with my too bold and re&longs;olute &longs;peaking: and let him 

<lb/>be a&longs;&longs;ured that I have not done the &longs;ame out of any inducement 

<lb/>of &longs;ini&longs;ter affection, but onely to give him occa&longs;ion to &longs;et before 

<lb/>us more lofty fancies that might make me the more knowing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There is no rea&longs;on why you &longs;hould make all the&longs;e ex&shy;

<lb/>cu&longs;es, that are needle&longs;&longs;e, and e&longs;pecially to me, that being accu&shy;

<lb/>&longs;tomed to be at Conferences and publique Di&longs;putes, have an 

<lb/>hundred times &longs;een the Di&longs;putants not onely to grow hot and an&shy;

<lb/>gry at one another, but likewi&longs;e to break forth into injurious 

<lb/>words, and &longs;ometimes to come very neer to blows. </s><s>As for the 

<lb/>pa&longs;t Di&longs;cour&longs;es, and particulatly in this la&longs;t, of the rea&longs;on of 

<lb/>the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea, I do not, to &longs;peak the truth, 

<lb/>very well apprehend the &longs;ame, but by that &longs;light <emph type="italics"/>Idea,<emph.end type="italics"/> what e&shy;

<lb/>ver it be, that I have formed thereof to my &longs;elf, I confe&longs;&longs;e that 

<lb/>your conceit &longs;eemeth to me far more ingenuous than any of all 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/436.jpg" pagenum="424"/>tho&longs;e that I ever heard be&longs;ides, but yet neverthele&longs;&longs;e I e&longs;teem it 

<lb/>not true and concluding: but keeping alwayes before the eyes 

<lb/>of my mind a &longs;olid Doctrine that I have learn't from a mo&longs;t 

<lb/>learned and ingenuous per&longs;on, and with which it is nece&longs;&longs;ary to 

<lb/>&longs;it down; I know that both you being asked, Whether God, by 

<lb/>his infinite Power and Wi&longs;dome might confer upon the Element 

<lb/>of Water the reciprocal motion which we ob&longs;erve in the &longs;ame in 

<lb/>any other way, than by making the containing Ve&longs;&longs;el to move; I 

<lb/>know, I &longs;ay, that you will an&longs;wer, that he might, and knew how 

<lb/>to have done the &longs;ame many wayes, and tho&longs;e unimaginable to 

<lb/>our &longs;hallow under&longs;tanding: upon which I forthwith conclude, 

<lb/>that this being granted, it would be an extravagant boldne&longs;&longs;e 

<lb/>for any one to goe about to limit and confine the Divine 

<lb/>Power and Wi&longs;dome to &longs;ome one particular conjecture of 

<lb/>his own.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This of yours is admirable, and truly Angelical Do&shy;

<lb/>ctrine, to which very exactly that other accords, in like manner 

<lb/>divine, which whil&longs;t it giveth us leave to di&longs;pute, touching the 

<lb/>con&longs;titution of the World, addeth withall (perhaps to the end, 

<lb/>that the exerci&longs;e of the minds of men might neither be di&longs;cou&shy;

<lb/>raged, nor made bold) that we cannot find out the works made 

<lb/>by his hands. </s><s>Let therefore the Di&longs;qui&longs;ition permitted and or&shy;

<lb/>dain'd us by God, a&longs;&longs;i&longs;t us in the knowing, and &longs;o much more 

<lb/>admiring his greatne&longs;&longs;e, by how much le&longs;&longs;e we finde our &longs;elves 

<lb/>too dull to penetrate the profound Aby&longs;&longs;es of his infinite Wi&longs;&shy;

<lb/>dome.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And this may &longs;erve for a final clo&longs;e of our four dayes 

<lb/>Di&longs;putations, after which, if it &longs;eem good to <emph type="italics"/>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"/> to take 

<lb/>&longs;ome time to re&longs;t him&longs;elf, our curio&longs;ity mu&longs;t, of nece&longs;&longs;ity, grant 

<lb/>him the &longs;ame, yet upon condition, that when it is le&longs;&longs;e incommo&shy;

<lb/>dious for him, he will return and &longs;atisfie my de&longs;ire in particular 

<lb/>concerning the Problemes that remain to be di&longs;cu&longs;t, and that I 

<lb/>have &longs;et down to be propounded at one or two other Conferen&shy;

<lb/>ces, according to our agreement: and above all, I &longs;hall very 

<lb/>impatiently wait to hear the Elements of the new Science of our 

<lb/><emph type="italics"/>Academick<emph.end type="italics"/> about the natural and violent local Motions. </s><s>And 

<lb/>in the mean time, we may, according to our cu&longs;tome, &longs;pend an 

<lb/>hour in taking the Air in the <emph type="italics"/>Gondola<emph.end type="italics"/> that waiteth for us.</s></p><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"/>FINIS.<emph.end type="italics"/></s></p><pb xlink:href="065/01/437.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.437.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/437/1.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.437.2.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/437/2.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.437.3.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/437/3.jpg"/><figure id="id.065.01.437.4.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/437/4.jpg"/><p type="caption"><s><emph type="italics"/>Place this Plate <lb/>

at the end of 

<lb/>the fourth<emph.end type="italics"/><lb/>Dialogue</s></p>			</chap>		</body>		<back></back>	</text></archimedes>