<?xml version="1.0"?>
<archimedes xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" >   <info>

     <author>Galilei, Galileo</author>

     <title>The systems of the world</title>

     <date>1661</date>

     <place>London</place>

     <translator>Salusbury</translator>

     <lang>en</lang>

     <cvs_file>galil_syste_065_en_1661.xml</cvs_file>

     <locator>065.xml</locator>

</info>     <text>          <front>    



<section>      <pb xlink:href="065/01/001.jpg"></pb> <p type="head">







<s>THE 

<lb></lb>



SYSTEME 

<lb></lb>OF THE 

<lb></lb>WORLD: 

<lb></lb>IN FOUR 

<lb></lb>DIALOGUES. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Wherein the Two 

<lb></lb>GRAND SYSTEMES</s></p><p type="head"><s>Of <emph type="italics"></emph>PTOLOMY<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>COPERNICUS<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>are largely diſcourſed of:</s></p><p type="head"><s>And the <emph type="italics"></emph>REASONS,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> both <emph type="italics"></emph>Phyloſophical<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Phyſical,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>as well on the one ſide as the other, <emph type="italics"></emph>impartially<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and <emph type="italics"></emph>indefinitely<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> propounded:</s></p><p type="head"><s>By <emph type="italics"></emph>GALILEUS GALILEUS LINCEUS,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>A <emph type="italics"></emph>Gentleman<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of <emph type="italics"></emph>FLORENCE:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Extraordinary <emph type="italics"></emph>Profeſſor<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Mathematicks<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in the UNIVERSITY of <emph type="italics"></emph>PISA<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and 

<lb></lb>Chief <emph type="italics"></emph>Mathematician<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to the GRAND DUKE of <emph type="italics"></emph>TVSCANY.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ingliſhed from the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Original <emph type="italics"></emph>Italián<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Copy, <emph type="italics"></emph>by<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> THOMAS SALUSBURY.</s></p><p type="head"><s>ALCINOUS, 

<lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">Δεῑ δ̓ ἐλευγέριον εἰ̄ναι τῃ̄ γνωμῃ̄ ρ̀ν μέλλοντα φιλοσοφεῑν.</foreign></s></p><p type="head"><s>SENECA, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Inter nullos magis quam inter PHILOSOPHOS eſſe debet aqua LIBERTAS.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>LONDON,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Printed by WILLIAM LEYBOURNE. MDCLXI.</s></p><pb xlink:href="065/01/002.jpg"></pb></section><section><pb xlink:href="065/01/003.jpg"></pb><p type="head"><s>To the moſt Serene Grand DUKE 

<lb></lb>OF 

<lb></lb>TUSCANY.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Though the difference between Men and other 

<lb></lb>living Creatures be very great, yet happly he that 

<lb></lb>ſhould ſay that he could ſhew little leſs between 

<lb></lb>Man and Man would not ſpeak more than he 

<lb></lb>might prove. </s><s>What proportion doth one bear to 

<lb></lb>athouſand? </s><s>and yet it is a common Proverb, <emph type="italics"></emph>One Man is 

<lb></lb>worth athouſand, when as a thouſand are not worth one.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> This difference 

<lb></lb>hath dependence upon the different abilities of their Intelle­

<lb></lb>ctuals; which I reduce to the being, or not being a Philoſo­

<lb></lb>pher; in regard that Philoſophy as being the proper food of 

<lb></lb>ſuch as live by it, diſtinguiſheth a Man from the common Eſ­

<lb></lb>ſence of the Vulgar in a more or leſs honourable degree accord­

<lb></lb>ing to the variety of that diet. </s><s>In this ſence he that hath the 

<lb></lb>higheſt looks, is of higheſt quality; and the turning over of 

<lb></lb>the great Volume of Nature, which is the proper Object of 

<lb></lb>Philoſophy is the way to make one look high: in which Book, 

<lb></lb>although whatſoever we read, as being the Work of Al­

<lb></lb>mighty God, is therefore moſt proportionate; yet notwith­

<lb></lb>ſtanding that is more abſolute and noble wherein we more 

<lb></lb>plainly deſerne his art and skill. </s><s>The <emph type="italics"></emph>Conſtitution<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Vnivers,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>among all Phyſical points that fall within Humane Compre­

<lb></lb>henſion, may, in my opinion, be preferred to the Precedency: 

<lb></lb>for if that in regard of univerſal extent it excell all others, it 

<lb></lb>ought as the Rule and Standard of the reſt to goe before 

<lb></lb>them in Nobility. </s><s>Now if ever any perſons might challenge 

<lb></lb>to be ſignally diſtinguiſhed for Intellectuals from other men; <pb xlink:href="065/01/004.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> were they that have had the honour to 

<lb></lb>ſee fartheſt into, and diſcourſe moſt profoundly of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Worlds 

<lb></lb>Syſteme.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> About the Works of which famous Men theſe Dia­

<lb></lb>lous being chiefly converſant, I conceived it my duty to De­

<lb></lb>dicate them only to <emph type="italics"></emph>Your Highneſs.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> For laying all the weight 

<lb></lb>upon theſe two, whom I hold to be the Ableſt Wits that 

<lb></lb>have left us their Works upon theſe Subjects; to avoid a Sole­

<lb></lb>ciſmein Manners, I was obliged to addreſs them to Him, who 

<lb></lb>with me, is the Greateſt of all Men, from whom they can re­

<lb></lb>ceive either Glory or Patrociny. </s><s>And if theſe two perſons 

<lb></lb>have ſo farre illuminated my Underſtanding as that this my 

<lb></lb>Book may in a great part be confeſſed to belong to them, well 

<lb></lb>may it alſo be acknowledged to belong to <emph type="italics"></emph>Your Highneſs,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> unto 

<lb></lb>whoſe Bounteous Magnificence I owe the time and leaſure I 

<lb></lb>had to write it, as alſo unto Your Powerful Aſſiſtance, (never 

<lb></lb>weary of honouring me) the means that at length I have had 

<lb></lb>to publiſh it. </s><s>May <emph type="italics"></emph>Your Highneſs<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> therefore be pleaſed to accept 

<lb></lb>of it according to Your accuſtomed Goodneſs; and if any 

<lb></lb>thing ſhall be found therein, that may be ſubſervient towards 

<lb></lb>the information or ſatisfaction of thoſe that are Lovers of 

<lb></lb>Truth; let them acknowledge it to be due to <emph type="italics"></emph>Your Self,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who are 

<lb></lb>ſo expert in doing good, that Your Happy Dominion cannot 

<lb></lb>ſhew the man that is concerned in any of thoſe general Cala­

<lb></lb>mities that diſturb the World; ſo that Praying for Your Proſpe­

<lb></lb>rity, and continuance in this Your Pious and Laudable Cu­

<lb></lb>ſtome, I humbly kiſs Your Hands;</s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>Your Moſt Serene Highneſſes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>Moſt Humble and moſt devoted</s></p><p type="main"><s>Servant and Subject</s></p><p type="main"><s>GALILEO GALILEI.</s></p></section><section><pb xlink:href="065/01/005.jpg"></pb><p type="head"><s>THE AUTHOR&#039;S 

<lb></lb>INTRODUCTION.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Judicious Reader,</s></p><p type="main"><emph type="italics"></emph><s>There was publiſhed ſome years ſince in<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Rome <emph type="italics"></emph>a ſalutiferous Edict, that, for 

<lb></lb>the obviating of the dangerous Scandals of the preſent Age, impoſed a ſea­

<lb></lb>ſonable Silence upon the Pythagorean Opinion of the Mobility of the Earth. 

<lb></lb></s><s>There want not ſuch as unadviſedly affirm, that that Decree was not the produ­

<lb></lb>ction of a ſober Scrutiny, but of an ill informed Paſsion; &amp; one may hear ſome mut­

<lb></lb>ter that Conſultors altogether ignorant of Aſtronomical Obſervations ought not 

<lb></lb>to clipp the Wings of Speculative Wits with raſh Prohibitions. </s><s>My zeale can­

<lb></lb>not keep ſilence when I hear theſe inconſiderate complaints. </s><s>I thought fit, as being thoroughly ac­

<lb></lb>quainted with that prudent Determination, to appear openly upon the Theatre of the World as a Wit­

<lb></lb>neſs of the naked Truth. </s><s>I was at that time in<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Rome; <emph type="italics"></emph>and had not only the audiences, but applauds of 

<lb></lb>the moſt Eminent Prelates of that Court; nor was that Decree Publiſhed without Previous Notice given 

<lb></lb>me thereof. </s><s>Therefore it is my reſolution in the preſent caſe to give Foraign Nations to ſee that this 

<lb></lb>point is as well under stood in<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Italy, <emph type="italics"></emph>and particularly in<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Rome, <emph type="italics"></emph>as Tranſalpine Diligence can imagine 

<lb></lb>it to be: and collecting together all the proper Speculations that concern the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Copernican Syſteme, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>to let them know, that the notice of all preceded the Cenſure of the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Roman Court; <emph type="italics"></emph>and that there 

<lb></lb>proceed from this Climate not only Doctrines for the health of the Soul, but alſo ingenious Diſcoveries 

<lb></lb>for the recreating of the Mind.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>To this end I have perſonated the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Copernican <emph type="italics"></emph>in this Diſcourſe; proceeding upon an Hypotheſis 

<lb></lb>purely Mathematical; ſtriving by all artificial wayes to repreſent it Superiour, not to that of the Im­

<lb></lb>mobility of the Earth abſolutely, but according as it is mentioned by ſome, that retein no more, but the 

<lb></lb>name of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Peripateticks, <emph type="italics"></emph>and are content, without going farther, to adore Shadows, not philoſophizing 

<lb></lb>with requiſit caution, but with the ſole remembrance of four<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Principles, <emph type="italics"></emph>but badly under ſtood.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>We ſhall treat of three principall heads. </s><s>Firſt I will endeavour to ſhew that all Experiments that can 

<lb></lb>be made upon the Earth are inſufficient means to conclude it&#039;s Mobility, but are indifferently applicable 

<lb></lb>to the Earth moveable or immoveable: and I hope that on this occaſion we ſhall diſcover many obſer­

<lb></lb>vable paſſages unknown to the Ancients. </s><s>Secondly we will examine the Cœleſtiall<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Phœnomena 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>that make for the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Copernican Hypotheſis, <emph type="italics"></emph>as if it were to prove abſolutely victorious; adding by the 

<lb></lb>way certain new Obſervations, which yet ſerve only for the Aſtronomical Facility, not for Natural 

<lb></lb>Neceßity. </s><s>In the third place I will propoſe an ingenuous Fancy. </s><s>I remember that I have ſaid many 

<lb></lb>years ſince, that the unknown Probleme of the Tide might receive ſome light, admitting the Earths 

<lb></lb>Motion. </s><s>This Poſition of mine paſsing from one to another had found charitable Fathers that 

<lb></lb>adopted it for the Iſſue of their own wit. </s><s>Now, becauſe no ſtranger may ever appear that defending him­

<lb></lb>ſelf with our armes ſhall charge us with want of caution in ſo principal an Accident, I have thought 

<lb></lb>good to lay down thoſe probabilities that would render it credible, admitting that the Earth did 

<lb></lb>move. </s><s>I hope, that by theſe Conſider ations the World will come to know, that if other Nations have 

<lb></lb>Navigated more than we, we have not ſtudied leſs than they; &amp; that our returning to aſſert the Earths 

<lb></lb>Stability, and to take the contrary only for a Mathematical<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Capriccio, <emph type="italics"></emph>proceeds not from inadvertency 

<lb></lb>of what others have thought thereof, but (had we no other inducements) from thoſe Reaſons that Pic­

<lb></lb>ty, Religion, the Knowledge of the Divine Omnipotency, and a conſciouſneſs of the incapacity of mans 

<lb></lb>Vnderſtanding dictate unto us.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="065/01/006.jpg"></pb><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>With all I conceived it very proper to expreſs theſe conceits by way of Dialogue, which, as not being 

<lb></lb>bound up to the riggid obſervance of Mathematical Laws, gives place alſo to Digreſsions that are 

<lb></lb>ſometimes no leſs curious than the principal Argument.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>I chanced to be ſeveral years ſince, at ſeveral times, in the Stupendious Citty of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Venice, <emph type="italics"></emph>where I 

<lb></lb>converſed with<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Signore Giovan Franceſco Sagredo <emph type="italics"></emph>of a Noble Extraction, and piercing wit. </s><s>There 

<lb></lb>came thither from<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Florence <emph type="italics"></emph>at the ſame time<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Signore Filippo Salviati, <emph type="italics"></emph>whoſe leaſt glory was the Emi­

<lb></lb>nence of his Blood, and Magnificence of his Eſtate: a ſublime Wit that fed not more hungerly upon 

<lb></lb>any pleaſure than on elevated Speculations. </s><s>In the company of theſe two I often diſcourſed of theſe 

<lb></lb>matters before a certain Peripatetick Philoſopher who ſeemed to have no geater obſtacle in underſtand­

<lb></lb>ing of the Truth, than the Fame he had acquired by Ariſtotelical Interpretations.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>Now, ſeeing that inexorable Death hath deprived<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Venice <emph type="italics"></emph>and<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Florence <emph type="italics"></emph>of thoſe two great Lights in 

<lb></lb>the very Meridian of their years, I did reſolve, as far as my poor ability would permit, to perpetuate 

<lb></lb>their lives to their honour in theſe leaves, bringing them in as Interlocutors in the preſent Controverſy. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Nor ſhall the Honest Peripatetick want his place, to whom for his exceſsive affection to wards the Com­

<lb></lb>mentaries of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Simplicius, <emph type="italics"></emph>I thought fit, without mentioning his own Name, to leave that of the Author 

<lb></lb>he ſo much reſpected. </s><s>Let thoſe two great Souls, ever venerable to my heart, pleaſe to accept this pu­

<lb></lb>blick Monument of my never dying Love; and let the remembr ance of their Eloquence aſsiſt me in 

<lb></lb>delivering to Poſterity the Conſider ations that I have promiſed.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>There caſually happened (as was uſuall) ſeveral diſcourſes at times between theſe Gentlemen, the 

<lb></lb>which had rather inflamed than ſatisfied in their wits the thirſt they had to be learning; whereupon 

<lb></lb>they took a diſcreet reſolution to meet together for certain dayes, in which all other buſineſs ſet aſide, 

<lb></lb>they might betake themſelves more methodically to contemplate the Wonders of God in Heaven, and in 

<lb></lb>the Earth: the place appointed for their meeting being in the Palace of the Noble<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Sagredo, <emph type="italics"></emph>after the 

<lb></lb>due, but very ſhort complements<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; Signore Salviati <emph type="italics"></emph>began in this manner.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p></section></front>          <body>            <chap>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/007.jpg" pagenum="1"></pb><p type="head"><s>GALILÆUS 

<lb></lb>Galilæus Lyncæus, 

<lb></lb>HIS 

<lb></lb>SYSTEME 

<lb></lb>OF THE 

<lb></lb>WORLD.</s></p>	<p type="head"><s>The Firſt Dialogue.</s></p><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>INTERLOCVTORS.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="head"><s>SALVIATUS, SAGREDUS, and SIMPLICIUS.</s></p><p type="head"><s>SALVIATUS.</s></p><p type="main"><s>It was our yeſterdayes reſolution, and a­

<lb></lb>greement, that we ſhould to day diſcourſe 

<lb></lb>the moſt diſtinctly, and particularly we 

<lb></lb>could poſſible, of the natural reaſons, and 

<lb></lb>their efficacy that have been hitherto al­

<lb></lb>ledged on the one or other part, by the 

<lb></lb>maintainers of the Poſitions, <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotelian,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomaique<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and by the followers </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg3"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican Syſteme<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: And becauſe 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> placing the Earth among the moveable Bodies of Hea­

<lb></lb>ven, comes to conſtitute a Globe for the ſame like to a Planet; it 

<lb></lb>would be good that we began our diſputation with the examina­

<lb></lb>tion of what, and how great the energy of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ar­

<lb></lb>guments is, when they demonſtrate, that this <emph type="italics"></emph>Hypotheſis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is impoſ­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/008.jpg" pagenum="2"></pb>ſible: Since that it is neceſſary to introduce in Nature, ſubſtances 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg4"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>different betwixt themſelves, that is, the Cœleſtial, and Elementa­

<lb></lb>ry; that impaſſible and immortal, this alterable and corruptible. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Which argument <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> handleth in his book <emph type="italics"></emph>De Cœlo,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> inſinu­

<lb></lb>ating it firſt, by ſome diſcourſes dependent on certain general aſ­

<lb></lb>ſumptions, and afterwards confirming it with experiments and per­

<lb></lb>ticular demonſtrations: following the ſame method, I will pro­

<lb></lb>pound, and freely ſpeak my judgement, ſubmitting my ſelf to 

<lb></lb>your cenſure, and particularly to <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a Stout Champion 

<lb></lb>and contender for the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotelian<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Doctrine.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg5"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg3"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"></emph>repu­

<lb></lb>teth the earth œ 

<lb></lb>Globe like to a Pla­

<lb></lb>net.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg4"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Cœleſtial ſubſtan­

<lb></lb>ces that are inalte­

<lb></lb>rable, and Elemen­

<lb></lb>tary that be alte­

<lb></lb>rable, are neceſſary 

<lb></lb>in the opinion of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Ariſtotle.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg5"></margin.target>Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>maketh 

<lb></lb>the World perfect, 

<lb></lb>becauſe it hath the 

<lb></lb>threefold demenſi­

<lb></lb>on.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>And the firſt Step of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> arguments is that, where <emph type="italics"></emph>A­

<lb></lb>riſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> proveth the integrity and perfection of the World, telling 

<lb></lb>us, that it is not a ſimple line, nor a bare ſuperficies, but a body 

<lb></lb>adorned with Longitude, Latitude, and Profundity; and becauſe 

<lb></lb>there are no more dimenſions but theſe three; The World having 

<lb></lb>them, hath all, and having all, is to be concluded perfect. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>again, that by ſimple length, that magnitude is conſtituted, which 

<lb></lb>is called a Line, to which adding breadth, there is framed the Su­

<lb></lb>perficies, and yet further adding the altitude or profoundity, there 

<lb></lb>reſults the Body, and after theſe three dimenſions there is no 

<lb></lb>paſſing farther, ſo that in theſe three the integrity, and to ſo ſpeak, 

<lb></lb>totality is terminated, which I might but with juſtice have requi­

<lb></lb>red <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to have proved to me by neceſſary conſequences, the 

<lb></lb>rather in regard he was able to do it very plainly, and ſpeedily.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>What ſay you to the excellent demonſtrations in the </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg6"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>2. 3. and 4. Texts, after the definition of <emph type="italics"></emph>Continual<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? </s><s>have you it 

<lb></lb>not firſt there proved, that there is no more but three dimenſions, 

<lb></lb>for that thoſe three are all things, and that they are every where? 

<lb></lb></s><s>And is not this confirmed by the Doctrine and Authority of the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg7"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagorians,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who ſay that all things are determined by three, be­

<lb></lb>ginning, middle, and end, which is the number of All? </s><s>And where 

<lb></lb>leave you that reaſon, namely, that as it were by the law of Na­

<lb></lb>ture, this number is uſed in the ſacrifices of the Gods? </s><s>And why 

<lb></lb>being ſo dictated by nature, do we atribute to thoſe things that 

<lb></lb>are three, and not to leſſe, the title of all? </s><s>why of two is it ſaid 

<lb></lb>both, and not all, unleſs they be three? </s><s>And all this Doctrine you 

<lb></lb>have in the ſecond Text. </s><s>Afterwards in the third, <emph type="italics"></emph>Ad pleniorem<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg8"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſcientiam,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> we read that <emph type="italics"></emph>All,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the <emph type="italics"></emph>Whole,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Perfect,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are formally 

<lb></lb>one and the ſame; and that therefore onely the <emph type="italics"></emph>Body,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> amongſt 

<lb></lb>magnitudes is perfect: becauſe it is determined by three, which is 

<lb></lb>All, and being diviſible three manner of waies, it is every way di­

<lb></lb>viſible; but of the others, ſome are dividible in one manner, and 

<lb></lb>ſome in two, becauſe according to the number aſſixed, they have 

<lb></lb>their diviſion and continuity, and thus one magnitude is continu­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg9"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ate one way, another two, a third, namely the Body, every way. 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/009.jpg" pagenum="3"></pb>Moreover in the fourth Text; doth he not after ſome other Do­

<lb></lb>ctrines, prove it by another demonſtration? <emph type="italics"></emph>Scilicet,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> That no tran­

<lb></lb>ſition is made but according to ſome defect (and ſo there is a tran­

<lb></lb>ſition or paſſing from the line to the ſuperficies, becauſe the line is 

<lb></lb>defective in breadth) and that it is impoſſible for the perfect to 

<lb></lb>want any thing, it being every way ſo; therefore there is no tran­

<lb></lb>ſition from the Solid or Body to any other magnitude. </s><s>Now 

<lb></lb>think you not that by all theſe places he hath ſufficiently proved, 

<lb></lb>how that there&#039;s no going beyond the three dimenſions, Length, 

<lb></lb>Breadth, and Thickneſs, and that therefore the body or ſolid, 

<lb></lb>which hath them all, is perfect?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg6"></margin.target>Ariſtotles <emph type="italics"></emph>demon­

<lb></lb>ſtrations to prove 

<lb></lb>the dimenſions to be 

<lb></lb>three and no more.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg7"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The number three 

<lb></lb>celebrated among ſt 

<lb></lb>the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Pythagorians</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg8"></margin.target>Omne, Totum &amp; 

<lb></lb>Perfectum.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg9"></margin.target>Or Solid.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>To tell you true, I think not my ſelf bound by all theſe 

<lb></lb>reaſons to grant any more but onely this, That that which hath 

<lb></lb>beginning, middle, and end, may, and ought to be called perfect: But 

<lb></lb>that then, becauſe beginning, middle, and end, are Three, the num­

<lb></lb>ber Three is a perfect number, and hath a faculty of conferring 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Perfection<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> on thoſe things that have the ſame, I find no inducement 

<lb></lb>to grant; neither do I underſtand, nor believe that, for example, 

<lb></lb>of feet, the number three is more perfect then four or two, nor do 

<lb></lb>I conceive the number four to be any imperfection to the Ele­

<lb></lb>ments: and that they would be more perfect if they were three. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Better therefore it had been to have left theſe ſubtleties to the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Rhetoricians,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and to have proved his intent, by neceſſary demonſtra­

<lb></lb>tion; for ſo it behoves to do in demonſtrative ſciences.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>You ſeem to ſcorn theſe reaſons, and yet it is all the 

<lb></lb>Doctrine of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagorians,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who attribute ſo much to numbers; 

<lb></lb>and you that be a <emph type="italics"></emph>Mathematician,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and believe many opinions in 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagorick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Philoſophy, ſeem now to contemn their My­

<lb></lb>ſteries.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>That the <emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagorians<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> had the ſcience of numbers in 

<lb></lb>high eſteem, and that <emph type="italics"></emph>Plato<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf admired humane underſtand­

<lb></lb>ing, and thought that it pertook of Divinity, for that it under­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg10"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſtood the nature of numbers, I know very well, nor ſhould I be 

<lb></lb>far from being of the ſame opinion: But that the Myſteries for 

<lb></lb>which <emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagoras<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and his ſect, had the Science of numbers in ſuch 

<lb></lb>veneration, are the follies that abound in the mouths and writings 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg11"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of the vulgar, I no waies credit: but rather becauſe I know that they, 

<lb></lb>to the end admirable things might not be expoſed to the con­

<lb></lb>tempt, and ſcorne of the vulgar, cenſured as ſacrilegious, the pub­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg12"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>liſhing of the abſtruce properties of Numbers, and incommen­

<lb></lb>ſurable and irrational quantities, by them inveſtigated; and di­

<lb></lb>vulged, that he who diſcovered them, was tormented in the other 

<lb></lb>World: I believe that ſome one of them to deter the common 

<lb></lb>ſort, and free himſelf from their inquiſitiveneſs, told them that the 

<lb></lb>myſteries of numbers were thoſe trifles, which afterwards did ſo 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/010.jpg" pagenum="4"></pb>ſpread amongſt the vulgar; and this with a diſcretion and ſubtlety 

<lb></lb>reſembling that of the prudent young man, that to be freed 

<lb></lb>from the importunity of his inquiſitive Mother or Wife, I know 

<lb></lb>not whether, who preſſed him to impart the ſecrets of the Senate, 

<lb></lb>contrived that ſtory, which afterwards brought her and many o­

<lb></lb>ther women to be derided and laught at by the ſame Senate.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg10"></margin.target>Plato <emph type="italics"></emph>held that 

<lb></lb>humane under­

<lb></lb>ſtanding partook 

<lb></lb>of divinity, becauſe 

<lb></lb>it understood num­

<lb></lb>bers.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg11"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Myſtery of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Pythagorick <emph type="italics"></emph>num­

<lb></lb>bers fabulous.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg12"></margin.target>De Papyrio præ­

<lb></lb>textato, <emph type="italics"></emph>Gellius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I:

<lb></lb>2. 3.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I will not be of the number of thoſe who are over curi­

<lb></lb>ous about the <emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagorick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> myſteries; but adhering to the point 

<lb></lb>in hand; I reply, that the reaſons produced by <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to prove 

<lb></lb>the dimenſions to be no more than three, ſeem to me conclu­

<lb></lb>dent, and I believe, That had there been any more evident demon­

<lb></lb>ſtrations thereof, <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> would not have omitted them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Put in at leaſt, if he had known, or remembred any more. 

<lb></lb></s><s>But you <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> would do me a great pleaſure to alledge unto 

<lb></lb>me ſome arguments that may be evident, and clear enough for me 

<lb></lb>to comprehend.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will; and they ſhall be ſuch as are not onely to be ap­

<lb></lb>prehended by you, but even by <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf: nor onely 

<lb></lb>to be comprehended, but are alſo already known, although hap­

<lb></lb>ly unobſerved; and for the more eaſie underſtanding thereof, 

<lb></lb>we will take this Pen and Ink, which I ſee already prepared for 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg13"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſuch occaſions, and deſcribe a few figures. </s><s>And firſt we will note 

<lb></lb>[Fig. </s><s>1. <emph type="italics"></emph>at the end of this Dialog.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>] theſe two points AB, and draw 

<lb></lb>from the one to the other the curved lines, ACB, and ADB, and the 

<lb></lb>right line A B, I demand of you which of them, in your mind, is 

<lb></lb>that which determines the diſtance between the terms AB, &amp; why?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg13"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A Geometrical de­

<lb></lb>monſtration of the 

<lb></lb>triple dimenſion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>S<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>AGR. </s><s>I ſhould ſay the right line, and not the crooked, as well 

<lb></lb>becauſe the right is ſhorter, as becauſe it is one, ſole, and deter­

<lb></lb>minate, whereas the others are infinit, unequal, and longer; and my 

<lb></lb>determination is grounded upon that, That it is one, and certain.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We have then the right line to determine the length be­

<lb></lb>tween the two terms; let us add another right line and parallel to 

<lb></lb>AB, which let be CD, [<emph type="italics"></emph>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2.] ſo that there is put between them a 

<lb></lb>ſuperficies, of which I deſire you to aſſign me the breadth, therefore 

<lb></lb>departing from the point A, tell me how, and which way you will 

<lb></lb>go, to end in the line C D, and ſo to point me out the breadth com­

<lb></lb>prehended between thoſe lines; let me know whether you will 

<lb></lb>terminate it according to the quantity of the curved line A E, or 

<lb></lb>the right line A F, or any other.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>According to the right A F, and not according to the 

<lb></lb>crooked, that being already excluded from ſuch an uſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But I would take neither of them, ſeeing the right line 

<lb></lb>A F runs obliquely; But would draw a line, perpendicular to C 

<lb></lb>D, for this ſhould ſeem to me the ſhorteſt, and the propereſt of 

<lb></lb>infinite that are greater, and unequal to one another, which may be 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/011.jpg" pagenum="5"></pb>produced from the term A to any other part of the oppoſite line 

<lb></lb>C D.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Your choice, and the reaſon you bring for it in my judg­

<lb></lb>ment is moſt excellent; ſo that by this time we have proved that 

<lb></lb>the firſt dimenſion is determined by a right line, the ſecond name­

<lb></lb>ly the breadth with another line right alſo, and not onely right, 

<lb></lb>but withall, at right-angles to the other that determineth the 

<lb></lb>length, and thus we have the two dimenſions of length and 

<lb></lb>breadth, definite and certain. </s><s>But were you to bound or termi­

<lb></lb>nate a height, as for example, how high this Roof is from the pave­

<lb></lb>ment, that we tread on, being that from any point in the Roof, 

<lb></lb>we may draw infinite lines, both curved, and right, and all of di­

<lb></lb>verſe lengths to infinite points of the pavement, which of all theſe 

<lb></lb>lines would you make uſe of?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I would faſten a line to the Seeling, and with a plummet 

<lb></lb>that ſhould hang at it, would let it freely diſtend it ſelf till it 

<lb></lb>ſhould reach well near to the pavement, and the length of ſuch a 

<lb></lb>thread being the ſtreighteſt and ſhorteſt of all the lines, that could 

<lb></lb>poſsibly be drawn from the ſame point to the pavement, I would 

<lb></lb>ſay was the true height of this Room.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Very well, And when from the point noted in the pave­

<lb></lb>ment by this pendent thread (taking the pavement to be levell 

<lb></lb>and not declining) you ſhould produce two other right lines, one 

<lb></lb>for the length, and the other for the breadth of the ſuperficies of 

<lb></lb>theſaid pavement, what angles ſhould they make with the ſaid 

<lb></lb>thread?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>They would doubtleſs meet at right angles, the ſaid 

<lb></lb>lines falling perpendicular, and the pavement being very plain and 

<lb></lb>levell.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore if you aſſign any point, for the term from whence 

<lb></lb>to begin your meaſure; and from thence do draw a right line, as 

<lb></lb>the terminator of the firſt meaſure, namely of the length, it will 

<lb></lb>follow of neceſſity, that that which is to deſign out the largeneſs 

<lb></lb>or breadth, toucheth the firſt at right-angles, and that that which is 

<lb></lb>to denote the altitude, which is the third dimenſion, going from the 

<lb></lb>ſame point formeth alſo with the other two, not oblique but right 

<lb></lb>angles, and thus by the three perpendiculars, as by three lines, one, 

<lb></lb>certain, and as ſhort as is poſſible, you have the three dimenſions 

<lb></lb>A B length, A C breadth, and A D height; and becauſe, clear it 

<lb></lb>is, that there cannot concurre any more lines in the ſaid point, ſo 

<lb></lb>as to make therewith right-angles, and the dimenſions ought to 

<lb></lb>be determined by the ſole right lines, which make between them­

<lb></lb>ſelves right-angles; therefore the dimenſions are no more but 

<lb></lb>three, and that which hath three hath all, and that which hath all, 

<lb></lb>is diviſible on all ſides, and that which is ſo, is perfect, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/012.jpg" pagenum="6"></pb><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>And who ſaith that I cannot draw other lines? </s><s>why 

<lb></lb>may not I protract another line underneath, unto the point A, 

<lb></lb>that may be perpendicular to the reſt?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You can doubtleſs, at one and the ſame point, make no 

<lb></lb>more than three right lines concurre, that conſtitute right angles 

<lb></lb>between themſelves.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I ſee what <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> means, namely, that ſhould the 

<lb></lb>ſaid D A be prolonged downward, then by that means there might 

<lb></lb>be drawn two others, but they would be the ſame with the firſt 

<lb></lb>three, differing onely in this, that whereas now they onely touch, 

<lb></lb>then they would interſect, but not produce new dimenſions.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg14"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg14"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>In phyfical proofs 

<lb></lb>geometrical exact­

<lb></lb>neſs is not neceſſa­

<lb></lb>ry.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I will not ſay that this your argument may not be con­

<lb></lb>cludent; but yet this I ſay with <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that in things natural 

<lb></lb>it is not alwaies neceſſary, to bring <emph type="italics"></emph>Mathematical<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> demonſtrations.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Grant that it were ſo where ſuch proofs cannot be had, 

<lb></lb>yet if this caſe admit of them, why do not you uſe them? </s><s>But it 

<lb></lb>would be good we ſpent no more words on this particular, for I 

<lb></lb>think that <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will yield, both to <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and you, with­

<lb></lb>out farther demonſtration, that the World is a body, and perfect, 

<lb></lb>yea moſt perfect, as being the greateſt work of God.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So really it is, therefore leaving the general contempla­</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg15"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>tion of the whole, let us deſcend to the conſideration of its parts, 

<lb></lb>which <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in his firſt diviſion, makes two, and they very diffe­

<lb></lb>rent and almoſt contrary to one another; namely the Cœleſtial, 

<lb></lb>and Elementary: that ingenerable, incorruptible, unalterable, un­

<lb></lb>paſſible, &amp;c. </s><s>and this expoſed to a continual alteration, mutati­

<lb></lb>on, &amp;c. </s><s>Which difference, as from its original principle, he de­

<lb></lb>rives from the diverſity of local motions, and in this method he 

<lb></lb>proceeds.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg15"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Parts of the world 

<lb></lb>are two, according 

<lb></lb>to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſtotle, <emph type="italics"></emph>Cœle­

<lb></lb>ſtial and Elemen­

<lb></lb>tary contrary to 

<lb></lb>one another.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>Leaving the ſenſible, if I may ſo ſpeak, and retiring into the 

<lb></lb>Ideal world, he begins Architectonically to conſider that nature 

<lb></lb>being the principle of motion, it followeth that natural bodies be 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg16"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>indued with local motion. </s><s>Next he declares local motion to be 

<lb></lb>of three kinds, namely, circular, right, and mixt of right and cir­

<lb></lb>cular: and the two firſt he calleth ſimple, for that of all lines the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg17"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>circular, and right are onely ſimple; and here ſomewhat re­

<lb></lb>ſtraining himſelf, he defineth anew, of ſimple motions, one to be 

<lb></lb>circular, namely that which is made about the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the 

<lb></lb>other namely the right, upwards, and downwards; upwards, that 

<lb></lb>which moveth from the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; downwards, that which goeth to­

<lb></lb>wards the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And from hence he infers, as he may by and ne­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg18"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ceſſary conſequence, that all ſimple motions are confined to theſe 

<lb></lb>three kinds, namely, to the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and about 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; the which correſponds ſaith he, with what hath been 

<lb></lb>ſaid before of a body, that it alſo is perfected by three things, and ſo 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/013.jpg" pagenum="7"></pb>is its motion. </s><s>Having confirmed theſe motions, he proceeds ſaying, 

<lb></lb>that of natural bodies ſome being ſimple, and ſome compoſed of 

<lb></lb>them (and he calleth ſimple bodies thoſe, that have a principle 

<lb></lb>of motion from nature, as the Fire and Earth) it follows that 

<lb></lb>ſimple motions belong to ſimple bodies, and mixt to the com­

<lb></lb>pound; yet in ſuch ſort, that the compounded incline to the part 

<lb></lb>predominant in the compoſition.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg16"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Local motion of 

<lb></lb>three kinds, right, 

<lb></lb>circular, &amp; mixt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg17"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Circular, and 

<lb></lb>ſtreight motions 

<lb></lb>are ſimple, as pro­

<lb></lb>ceeding by ſimple 

<lb></lb>lines.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg18"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad medium, à me­

<lb></lb>dio, &amp; circa medi­

<lb></lb>um.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Pray you hold a little <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for I find ſo many 

<lb></lb>doubts to ſpring up on all ſides in this diſcourſe, that I ſhall be 

<lb></lb>conſtrained, either to communicate them if I would attentively 

<lb></lb>hearken to what you ſhall add, or to take off my attention from 

<lb></lb>the things ſpoken, if I would remember objections.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will very willingly ſtay, for that I alſo run the ſame 

<lb></lb>hazard, and am ready at every ſtep to loſe my ſelf whilſt I ſail be­

<lb></lb>tween Rocks, and boiſterous Waves, that make me, as they ſay, to 

<lb></lb>loſe my <emph type="italics"></emph>Compaſs<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; therefore before I make them more, propound 

<lb></lb>your difficulties.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg19"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg19"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The definition of 

<lb></lb>Nature, either im­

<lb></lb>perfect, or unſeaſo­

<lb></lb>nable, produced by<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Ariſtotle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> together would at firſt take me a 

<lb></lb>little out of the ſenſible World, to tell me of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Architecture,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>wherewith it ought to be fabricated; and very appoſitly begin to 

<lb></lb>tell me, that a natural body is by nature moveable, nature being 

<lb></lb>(as elſewhere it is defined) the principle of motion. </s><s>But here I 

<lb></lb>am ſomewhat doubtfull why <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſaid not that of natural bo­

<lb></lb>dies, ſome are moveable by nature, and others immoveable, for 

<lb></lb>that in the definition, nature is ſaid to be the principle of Motion, 

<lb></lb>and Reſt; for if natural bodies have all a principle of motion, 

<lb></lb>either he might have omitted the mention of Reſt, in the definiti­

<lb></lb>on of nature: or not have introduced ſuch a definition in this place. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Next, as to the declaration of what <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> intends by ſimple 

<lb></lb>motions, and how by Spaces he determines them, calling thoſe ſim­

<lb></lb>ple, that are made by ſimple lines, which are onely the right, and </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg20"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>circular, I entertain it willingly; nor do I deſire to tenter the 

<lb></lb>inſtance of the Helix, about the Cylinder; which in that it is in e­

<lb></lb>very part like to it ſelf, might ſeemingly be numbred among ſim­

<lb></lb>ple lines. </s><s>But herein I cannot concurre, that he ſhould ſo re­

<lb></lb>ſtrain ſimple motions (whilſt he ſeems to go about to repeat the 

<lb></lb>ſame definition in other words) as to call one of them the motion 

<lb></lb>about the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the others <emph type="italics"></emph>Surſum &amp; Deorſum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> namely up­

<lb></lb>wards and downward; which terms are not to be uſed, out of the 

<lb></lb>World fabricated, but imply it not onely made, but already in­

<lb></lb>habited by us; for if the right motion be ſimple, by the ſimplicity 

<lb></lb>of the right line, and if the ſimple motion be natural, it is made on 

<lb></lb>every ſide, to wit, upwards, downwards, backwards, forwards, to 

<lb></lb>the right, to the left, and if any other way can be imagined, pro­

<lb></lb>vided it be ſtraight, it ſhall agree to any ſimple natural body; or 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/014.jpg" pagenum="8"></pb>if not ſo, then the ſuppoſion of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is defective. </s><s>It appears 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg21"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>moreover that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hinteth but one circular motion alone to 

<lb></lb>be in the World, and conſequently but one onely Center, to 

<lb></lb>which alone the motions of upwards and downwards, refer. </s><s>All 

<lb></lb>which are apparent proofs, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotles<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> aim is, to make white 

<lb></lb>black, and to accommodate <emph type="italics"></emph>Architectur<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to the building, and not 

<lb></lb>to modle the building according to the precepts of <emph type="italics"></emph>Arthitecture:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>for if I ſhould ſay that Nature in Univerſal may have a thou­

<lb></lb>ſand Circular Motions, and by conſequence a thouſand Cen­

<lb></lb>ters, there would be alſo a thouſand motions upwards, and 

<lb></lb>downwards. </s><s>Again he makes as hath been ſaid, a ſimple motion, 

<lb></lb>and a mixt motion, calling ſimple, the circular and right; and 

<lb></lb>mixt, the compound of them two: of natural bodies he calls ſome 

<lb></lb>ſimple (namely thoſe that have a natural principle to ſimple mo­

<lb></lb>tion) and others compound: and ſimple motions he attributes 

<lb></lb>to ſimple bodies, and the compounded to the compound; but by 

<lb></lb>compound motion he doth no longer underſtand the mixt of right 

<lb></lb>and circular, which may be in the World; but introduceth a mixt 

<lb></lb>motion as impoſſible, as it is impoſſible to mixe oppoſite motions 

<lb></lb>made in the ſame right line, ſo as to produce from them a motion 

<lb></lb>partly upwards, partly downwards; and, to moderate ſuch an ab­

<lb></lb>ſurdity, and impoſſibility, he aſſerts that ſuch mixt bodies move 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg22"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>according to the ſimple part predominant: which neceſſitates 

<lb></lb>others to ſay, that even the motion made by the ſame right line is 

<lb></lb>ſometimes ſimple, and ſometimes alſo compound: ſo that the ſim­

<lb></lb>plicity of the motion, is no longer dependent onely on the ſim­

<lb></lb>plicity of the line.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg20"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Helix about 

<lb></lb>the Cylinder may 

<lb></lb>be ſaid to be a ſim­

<lb></lb>ple line.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg21"></margin.target>Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>accom­

<lb></lb>modates the rules of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Architecture <emph type="italics"></emph>to 

<lb></lb>the frame of the 

<lb></lb>World, and not the 

<lb></lb>frame to the rules.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg22"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Right motion, ſome­

<lb></lb>times ſimple, ard 

<lb></lb>ſometimes mixt ac­

<lb></lb>cording to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. How? </s><s>Is it not difference ſufficient, that the ſimple and 

<lb></lb>abſolute are more ſwift than that which proceeds from predomi­

<lb></lb>nion? </s><s>and how much faſter doth a piece of pure Earth deſcend, 

<lb></lb>than a piece of Wood?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Well, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; But put caſe the ſimplicity for this 

<lb></lb>cauſe was changed, beſides that there would be a hundred thou­

<lb></lb>ſand mixt motions, you would not be able to determine the ſim­

<lb></lb>ple; nay farther, if the greater or leſſe velocity be able to alter 

<lb></lb>the ſimplicity of the motion, no ſimple body ſhould move with a 

<lb></lb>ſimple motion; ſince that in all natural right motions, the veloci­

<lb></lb>ty is ever encreaſing, and by conſequence ſtill changing the ſimpli­

<lb></lb>city, which as it is ſimplicity, ought of conſequence to be immu­

<lb></lb>table, and that which more importeth, you charge <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with 

<lb></lb>another thing, that in the definition of motions compounded, he 

<lb></lb>hath not made mention of tardity nor velocity, which you now 

<lb></lb>inſert for a neceſſary and eſſential point. </s><s>Again you can draw 

<lb></lb>no advantage from this rule, for that there will be amongſt the 

<lb></lb>mixt bodies ſome, (and that not a few) that will move ſwiftly, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/015.jpg" pagenum="9"></pb>and others more ſlowly than the ſimple; as for example, Lead, and 

<lb></lb>Wood, in compariſon of earth; and therefore amongſt theſe mo­

<lb></lb>tions, which call you the ſimple, and which the mixt?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I would call that ſimple motion, which is made by a 

<lb></lb>ſimple body, and mixt, that of a compound body.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Very well, and yet <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a little before you ſaid, 

<lb></lb>that the ſimple, and compound motions, diſcovered which were 

<lb></lb>mixt, and which were ſimple bodies; now you will have me by 

<lb></lb>ſimple and mixt bodies, come to know which is the ſimple, and 

<lb></lb>which is the compound motion: an excellent way to keep us igno­

<lb></lb>rant, both of motions and bodies. </s><s>Moreover you have alſo a little 

<lb></lb>above declared, how that a greater velocity did not ſuffice, but 

<lb></lb>you ſeek a third condition for the definement of ſimple motion, for 

<lb></lb>which <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> contented himſelf with one alone, namely, of the 

<lb></lb>ſimplicity of the Space, or <emph type="italics"></emph>Medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: But now according to you, 

<lb></lb>the ſimple motion, ſhall be that which is made upon a ſimple line, 

<lb></lb>with a certain determinate velocity, by a body ſimply moveable. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Now be it as you pleaſe, and let us return to <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who defi­

<lb></lb>neth the mixt motion to be that compounded of the right, and cir­

<lb></lb>cular, but produceth not any body, which naturally moveth with 

<lb></lb>ſuch a motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I come again to <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who having very well, and 

<lb></lb>Methodically begun his diſcourſe, but having a greater aim to 

<lb></lb>reſt at, and hit a marke, predefigned in his minde, then that to 

<lb></lb>which his method lead him, digreſſing from the purpoſe, he comes 

<lb></lb>to aſſert, as a thing known and manifeſt, that as to the motions 

<lb></lb>directly upwards or downwards, they naturally agree to Fire, and 

<lb></lb>Earth; and that therefore it is neceſſary, that beſides theſe bodies, 

<lb></lb>which are neer unto us, there muſt be in nature another, to which 

<lb></lb>the circular motion may agree: which ſhall be ſo much the more 

<lb></lb>excellent by how much the circular motion is more perfect, then the 

<lb></lb>ſtreight, but how much more perfect that is than this, he deter­

<lb></lb>mines from the greatneſs of the circular lines perfection above the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg23"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>right line; calling that perfect, and this imperfect; imperfect, be­

<lb></lb>cauſe if infinite it wanteth a termination, and end: and if it be fi­

<lb></lb>nite, there is yet ſomething beyond which it may be prolonged. 

<lb></lb></s><s>This is the baſis, ground work, and maſter-ſtone of all the Fabrick 

<lb></lb>of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotelian<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> World, upon which they ſuperſtruct all their 

<lb></lb>other properties, of neither heavy nor light, of ingenerable incor­

<lb></lb>ruptible, exemption from all motions, ſome onely the local, &amp;c. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And all theſe paſſions he affirmeth to be proper to a ſimple body 

<lb></lb>that is moved circularly; and the contrary qualities of gravity, 

<lb></lb>levity, corruptibility, &amp;c. </s><s>he aſſigns to bodies naturally moveable 

<lb></lb>in a ſtreight line, for that if we have already diſcovered defects in 

<lb></lb>the foundation, we may rationally queſtion what ſoever may far­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/016.jpg" pagenum="10"></pb>ther built thereon. </s><s>I deny not, that this which <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hitherto 

<lb></lb>hath introduced, with a general diſcourſe dependent upon univer­

<lb></lb>ſal primary principles, hathbeen ſince in proceſs of time, re-inforced 

<lb></lb>with particular reaſons, and experiments; all which it would be 

<lb></lb>neceſſary diſtinctly to conſider and weigh; but becauſe what hath 

<lb></lb>been ſaid hitherto preſents to ſuch as conſider the ſame many and 

<lb></lb>no ſmall difficulties, (and yet it would be neceſſary, that the pri­

<lb></lb>mary principles and fundamentals, were certain, firm, and eſtabliſh­

<lb></lb>ed, that ſo they might with more confidence be built upon) it 

<lb></lb>would not be amiſs, before we farther multiply doubts, to ſee if 

<lb></lb>haply (as I conjecture) betaking our ſelves to other waies, we may 

<lb></lb>not light upon a more direct and ſecure method; and with better 

<lb></lb>conſidered principles of Architecture lay our primary fundamen­

<lb></lb>tals. </s><s>Therefore ſuſpending for the preſent the method of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſto­

<lb></lb>tle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (which we will re-aſſume again in its proper place, and parti­

<lb></lb>cularly examine;) I ſay, that in the things hitherto affirmed by 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg24"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>him, I agree with him, and admit that the World is a body enjoy­

<lb></lb>ing all dimenſions, and therefore moſt perfect; and I add, that as 

<lb></lb>ſuch, it is neceſſarily moſt ordinate, that is, having parts between 

<lb></lb>themſelves, with exquiſite and moſt perfect order diſpoſed; which 

<lb></lb>aſſumption I think is not to be denied, neither by you or any 

<lb></lb>other.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg23"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The circular line 

<lb></lb>perfect, according 

<lb></lb>to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſtotle, <emph type="italics"></emph>and 

<lb></lb>but the right im­

<lb></lb>perfect, and why.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg24"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The world is ſup­

<lb></lb>poſed by the Au­

<lb></lb>thor to be perfectly 

<lb></lb>ordinate.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Who can deny it? </s><s>the firſt particular (of the worlds 

<lb></lb>dimenſions) is taken from <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf, and its denominati­

<lb></lb>on of ordinate ſeems onely to be aſſumed from the order which it 

<lb></lb>moſt exactly keeps.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg25"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg25"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Streight motion 

<lb></lb>impoſſible in the 

<lb></lb>world exactly or­

<lb></lb>dinate.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This principle then eſtabliſhed, one may immediately 

<lb></lb>conclude, that if the entire parts of the World ſhould be by their 

<lb></lb>nature moveable, it is impoſſible that their motions ſhould be 

<lb></lb>right, or other than circular; and the reaſon is ſufficiently eaſie, 

<lb></lb>and manifeſt; for that whatſoever moveth with a right motion, 

<lb></lb>changeth place; and continuing to move, doth by degrees more 

<lb></lb>and more remove from the term from whence it departed, and 

<lb></lb>from all the places thorow which it ſucceſſively paſſed; and if 

<lb></lb>ſuch motion naturally ſuited with it, then it was not at the be­

<lb></lb>ginning in its proper place; and ſo the parts of the World were 

<lb></lb>not diſpoſed with perfect order. </s><s>But we ſuppoſe them to be per­

<lb></lb>fectly ordinate, therefore as ſuch, it is impoſſible that they ſhould 

<lb></lb>by nature change place, and conſequently move in a right moti­</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg26"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>on. </s><s>Again, the right motion being by nature infinite, for that 

<lb></lb>the right line is infinite and indeterminate, it is impoſſible that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg27"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>any moveable can have a natural principle of moving in a right 

<lb></lb>line; namely toward the place whither it is impoſſible to arrive, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg28"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>there being no præ-ſinite term; and nature, as <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf 

<lb></lb>ſaith well, never attempts to do that which can never be done, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/017.jpg" pagenum="11"></pb>nor eſſaies to move whither it is impoſſible to arrive. </s><s>And if any 

<lb></lb>one ſhould yet object, that albeit the right line, and conſequent­

<lb></lb>ly the motion by it is producible <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that is to ſay, is in­

<lb></lb>terminate; yet nevertheleſs Nature, as one may ſay, arbitrarily 

<lb></lb>hath aſſigned them ſome terms, and given natural inſtincts to 

<lb></lb>its natural bodies to move unto the ſame; I will reply, that this 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg29"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>might perhaps be fabled to have come to paſs in the firſt Chaos, 

<lb></lb>where indiſtinct matters confuſedly and inordinately wandered; 

<lb></lb>to regulate which, Nature very appoſitely made uſe of right mo­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg30"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>tions, by which, like as the well-conſtituted, moving, diſdorder 

<lb></lb>themſelves, ſo were they which were before depravedly diſpoſed 

<lb></lb>by this motion ranged in order: but after their exquiſite diſtribu­

<lb></lb>tion and collocation, it is impoſſible that there ſhould remain na­

<lb></lb>tural inclinations in them of longer moving in a right motion, 

<lb></lb>from which now would enſue their removal from their proper and 

<lb></lb>natural place, that is to ſay, their diſordination; we may there­

<lb></lb>fore ſay that the right motion ſerves to conduct the matter to erect 

<lb></lb>the work; but once erected, that it is to reſt immoveable, or if 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg31"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>moveable, to move it ſelf onely circularly. </s><s>Unleſs we will ſay 

<lb></lb>with <emph type="italics"></emph>Plato,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that theſe mundane bodies, after they had been made 

<lb></lb>and finiſhed, were for a certain time moved by their Maker, in a 

<lb></lb>right motion, but that after their attainment to certain and de­

<lb></lb>terminate places, they were revolved one by one in Spheres, paſ­

<lb></lb>ſing from the right to the circular motion, wherein they have 

<lb></lb>been ever ſince kept and maintained. </s><s>A ſublime conceipt, and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg32"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>worthy indeed of <emph type="italics"></emph>Plato<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: upon which, I remember to have heard 

<lb></lb>our common friend the ^{*}<emph type="italics"></emph>Lyncean Academick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> diſcourſe in this man­

<lb></lb>ner, if I have not forgot it. </s><s>Every body for any reaſon conſtitu­

<lb></lb>ted in a ſtate of reſt, but which is by nature moveable, being ſet 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg33"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>at liberty doth move; provided withal, that it have an inclina­

<lb></lb>tion to ſome particular place; for ſhould it ſtand indifferently af­

<lb></lb>fected to all, it would remain in its reſt, not having greater in­

<lb></lb>ducement to move one way than another. </s><s>From the having of 

<lb></lb>this inclination neceſſarily proceeds, that it in its moving ſhall con­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg34"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>tinually increaſe its acceleration, and beginning with a moſt ſlow 

<lb></lb>motion, it ſhall not acquire any degree of velocity, before it 

<lb></lb>ſhall have paſſed thorow all the degrees of leſs velocity, or grea­

<lb></lb>ter tardity: for paſſing from the ſtate of quiet (which is the in­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg35"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>finite degree of tardity of motion) there is no reaſon by which 

<lb></lb>it ſhould enter into ſuch a determinate degree of velocity, before 

<lb></lb>it ſhall have entred into a leſs, and into yet a leſs, before it entred 

<lb></lb>into that: but rather it ſtands with reaſon, to paſs firſt by thoſe 

<lb></lb>degrees neareſt to that from which it departed, and from thoſe to 

<lb></lb>the more remote; but the degree from whence the moveable 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg36"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>began to move, is that of extreme tardity, namely of reſt. 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/018.jpg" pagenum="12"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg37"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Now this acceleration of motion is never made, but when the 

<lb></lb>moveable in moving acquireth it; nor is its acquiſt other than an 

<lb></lb>approaching to the place deſired, to wit, whither its natural in­

<lb></lb>clination attracts it, and thither it tendeth by the ſhorteſt way; 

<lb></lb>namely, by a right line. </s><s>We may upon good grounds therefore 

<lb></lb>ſay, That Nature, to confer upon a moveable firſt conſtituted in 

<lb></lb>reſt a determinate velocity, uſeth to make it move according to 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg38"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>a certain time and ſpace with a right motion. </s><s>This preſuppoſed, 

<lb></lb>let us imagine God to have created the Orb <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> on 

<lb></lb>which he had determined to confer ſuch a certain velocity, which 

<lb></lb>it ought afterwards to retain perpetually uniform; we may with 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Plato<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſay, that he gave it at the beginning a right and accelerate 

<lb></lb>motion, and that it afterwards being arrived to that intended de­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg39"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>gree of velocity, he converted its right, into a circular motion, 

<lb></lb>the velocity of which came afterwards naturally to be uniform.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg26"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Right motion by 

<lb></lb>nature infinite.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg27"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Motion by a right 

<lb></lb>line naturally im­

<lb></lb>poſſible.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg28"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Nature attempts 

<lb></lb>not things impoſſi­

<lb></lb>ble to be effected.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg29"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Right motion might 

<lb></lb>perhaps be in the 

<lb></lb>firſt Chaos.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg30"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Right motion is 

<lb></lb>commodious to 

<lb></lb>range in order, 

<lb></lb>things ous of or­

<lb></lb>der.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg31"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Mundane bodies 

<lb></lb>moved in the be­

<lb></lb>ginning in a right 

<lb></lb>line, and after­

<lb></lb>wards circularly? 

<lb></lb></s><s>according to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Plato.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg32"></margin.target>* Thus doth he co­

<lb></lb>vertly and modeſt­

<lb></lb>ly ſtile himſelfe 

<lb></lb>throughout this 

<lb></lb>work.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg33"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A moveable be­

<lb></lb>ing in a ſtate of 

<lb></lb>reſt, ſhall not move 

<lb></lb>unleſs it have an 

<lb></lb>inclination to ſome 

<lb></lb>particular place.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg34"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The moveable ac­

<lb></lb>celerates its moti­

<lb></lb>on, going towards 

<lb></lb>the place whither 

<lb></lb>it hath an inclina­

<lb></lb>tion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg35"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The moveable paſ­

<lb></lb>ſing from reſt, go­

<lb></lb>eth thorow all the 

<lb></lb>degrees of tardity.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg36"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſt the inſinioe 

<lb></lb>degree of tardity.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg37"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The moveable doth 

<lb></lb>not accelerate, ſave 

<lb></lb>only as it approach­

<lb></lb>eth nearer to its 

<lb></lb>term.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg38"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Nature, to intro­

<lb></lb>duce in the move­

<lb></lb>able a certain de­

<lb></lb>gree of velocity, 

<lb></lb>made it move in a 

<lb></lb>right line.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg39"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Vniform velocity 

<lb></lb>convenient to the 

<lb></lb>circular motion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I hearken to this Diſcourſe with great delight; and I 

<lb></lb>believe the content I take therein will be greater, when you have 

<lb></lb>ſatisfied me in a doubt: that is, (which I do not very well com­

<lb></lb>prehend) how it of neceſſity enſues, that a moveable departing 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg40"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>from its reſt, and entring into a motion to which it had a natural 

<lb></lb>inclination, it paſſeth thorow all the precedent degrees oſ tardity, 

<lb></lb>comprehended between any aſſigned degree of velocity, and the 

<lb></lb>ſtate of reſt, which degrees are infinite? </s><s>ſo that Nature was not 

<lb></lb>able to confer them upon the body of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> his circular moti­

<lb></lb>on being inſtantly created with ſuch and ſuch velocity.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg41"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg40"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Betwixt reſt, and 

<lb></lb>any aſſigned degree 

<lb></lb>of velocity, infinite 

<lb></lb>degrees of leſs ve­

<lb></lb>locity interpoſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg41"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Nature doth not 

<lb></lb>immediately con­

<lb></lb>fer a determinate 

<lb></lb>degree of velocity, 

<lb></lb>howbeit ſhe could.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I neither did, nor dare ſay, that it was impoſſible for 

<lb></lb>God or Nature to confer that velocity which you ſpeak of, imme­

<lb></lb>diately; but this I ſay, that <emph type="italics"></emph>de facto<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhe did not doit; ſo that the 

<lb></lb>doing it would be a work extra-natural, and by confequence mi­

<lb></lb>raculous.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Then you believe, that a ſtone leaving its reſt, and en­

<lb></lb>tring into its natural motion towards the centre of the Earth, paſ­

<lb></lb>ſeth thorow all the degrees of tardity inferiour to any degree of 

<lb></lb>velocity?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I do believe it, nay am certain of it; and ſo certain, 

<lb></lb>that I am able to make you alſo very well ſatisfied with the truth 

<lb></lb>thereof.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Though by all this daies diſcourſe I ſhould gain no 

<lb></lb>more but ſuch a knowledge, I ſhould think my time very well 

<lb></lb>beſtowed.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>By what I collect from our diſcourſe, a great part of 

<lb></lb>your ſcruple lieth in that it ſhould in a time, and that very ſhort, 

<lb></lb>paſs thorow thoſe infinite degrees of tardity precedent to any ve­

<lb></lb>locity, acquired by the moveable in that time: and therefore be­

<lb></lb>fore we go any farther, I will ſeek to remove this difficulty, which 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/019.jpg" pagenum="13"></pb>ſhall be an eaſie task; for I reply, that the moveable paſſeth by 

<lb></lb>the aforeſaid degrees, but the paſſage is made without ſtaying in </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg42"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>any of them; ſo that the paſſage requiring but one ſole inſtant 

<lb></lb>of time, and every ſmall time containing infinite inſtants, we ſhall 

<lb></lb>not want enough of them to aſſign its own to each of the infinite 

<lb></lb>degrees of tardity; although the time were never ſo ſhort.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg42"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The moveable de­

<lb></lb>parting from reſv 

<lb></lb>paſſeth thorow all 

<lb></lb>degrees of velocity 

<lb></lb>without ſtaying in 

<lb></lb>any.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Hitherto I apprehend you; nevertheleſs it is very much 

<lb></lb>that that Ball ſhot from a Cannon (for ſuch I conceive the ca­

<lb></lb>dent moveable) which yet we ſee to fall with ſuch a precipice, 

<lb></lb>that in leſs than ten pulſes it will paſs two hundred yards of al­

<lb></lb>titude; ſhould in its motion be found conjoyned with ſo ſmall a 

<lb></lb>degree of velocity, that, ſhould it have continued to have moved 

<lb></lb>at that rate without farther acceleration, it would not have paſt 

<lb></lb>the ſame in a day.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You may ſay, nor yet in a year, nor in ten, no nor in a 

<lb></lb>thouſand; as I will endeavour to ſhew you, and alſo happily with­

<lb></lb>out your contradiction, to ſome ſufficiently ſimple queſtions that 

<lb></lb>I will propound to you. </s><s>Therefore tell me if you make any que­

<lb></lb>ſtion of granting that, that that ball in deſcending goeth increa­

<lb></lb>ſing its <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and velocity.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am moſt certain it doth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And if I ſhould ſay that the <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> acquired in any 

<lb></lb>place of its motion, is ſo much, that it would ſuffice to re-carry 

<lb></lb>it to that place from which it came, would you grant it?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I ſhould conſent to it without contradiction, provided al­

<lb></lb>waies, that it might imploy without impediment its whole <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>in that ſole work of re-conducting it ſelf, or another equal toit, to 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg43"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that ſelf-ſame height as it would do, in caſe the Earth were bored 

<lb></lb>thorow the centre, and the Bullet fell a thouſand yards from the 

<lb></lb>ſaid centre, for I verily believe it would paſs beyond the centre, 

<lb></lb>aſcending as much as it had deſcended; and this I ſee plainly in 

<lb></lb>the experiment of a plummet hanging at a line, which removed 

<lb></lb>from the perpendicular, which is its ſtate of reſt, and afterwards 

<lb></lb>let go, falleth towards the ſaid perpendicular, and goes as far be­

<lb></lb>yond it; or onely ſo much leſs, as the oppoſition of the air, and 

<lb></lb>line, or other accidents have hindred it. </s><s>The like I ſee in the wa­

<lb></lb>ter, which deſcending thorow a pipe, re-mounts as much as it had 

<lb></lb>deſcended.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg43"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ponderous mo­

<lb></lb>ver deſcending ac­

<lb></lb>quireth<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> impetus 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſufficient to re­

<lb></lb>carry it to the like 

<lb></lb>height.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You argue very well. </s><s>And for that I know you will not 

<lb></lb>ſcruple to grant that the acquiſt of the <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is by means of the 

<lb></lb>receding from the term whence the moveable departed, and its ap­

<lb></lb>proach to the centre, whither its motion tendeth; will you ſtick 

<lb></lb>to yeeld, that two equal moveables, though deſcending by divers 

<lb></lb>lines, without any impediment, acquire equal <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> provided 

<lb></lb>that the approaches to the centre be equal?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/020.jpg" pagenum="14"></pb><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I do not very well underſtand the queſtion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will expreſs it better by drawing a Figure: therefore 

<lb></lb>I will ſuppoſe the line A B [in <emph type="italics"></emph>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 3.] parallel to the Horizon, 

<lb></lb>and upon the point B, I will erect a perpendicular B C; and after 

<lb></lb>that I adde this ſlaunt line C A. </s><s>Underſtanding now the line C 

<lb></lb>A to be an inclining plain exquiſitely poliſhed, and hard, upon 

<lb></lb>which deſcendeth a ball perfectly round and of very hard matter, 

<lb></lb>and ſuch another I ſuppoſe freely to deſcend by the perpendicular 

<lb></lb>C B: will you now confeſs that the <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of that which de­

<lb></lb>ſcends by the plain C A, being arrived to the point A, may be 

<lb></lb>equal to the <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> acquired by the other in the point B, after 

<lb></lb>the deſcent by the perpendicular C B?

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg44"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg44"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The impetuoſity of 

<lb></lb>moveables equally 

<lb></lb>approaching to the 

<lb></lb>centre, are equal.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I reſolutely believe ſo: for in effect they have both the 

<lb></lb>ſame proximity to the centre, and by that, which I have already 

<lb></lb>granted, their impetuoſities would be equally ſufficient to re-carry 

<lb></lb>them to the ſame height.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Tell me now what you believe the ſame ball would do 

<lb></lb>put upon the Horizontal plane A B?</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg45"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg45"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Vpon an horizon­

<lb></lb>tall plane the move­

<lb></lb>able lieth ſtill.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It would lie ſtill, the ſaid plane having no declination.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But on the inclining plane C A it would deſcend, but 

<lb></lb>with a gentler motion than by the perpendicular C B?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I may confidently anſwer in the affirmative, it ſeem­

<lb></lb>ing to me neceſſary that the motion by the perpendicular C B 

<lb></lb>ſhould be more ſwift, than by the inclining plane C A; yet ne­

<lb></lb>vertheleſs, iſ this be, how can the Cadent by the inclination ar­

<lb></lb>rived to the point A, have as much <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that is, the ſame de­

<lb></lb>gree of velocity, that the Cadent by the perpendicular ſhall have 

<lb></lb>in the point B? theſe two Propoſitions ſeem contradictory.</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg46"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg46"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The veloeity by the 

<lb></lb>inclining plane e­

<lb></lb>qual to the veloci­

<lb></lb>ty by the perpendi­

<lb></lb>oular, and the mo­

<lb></lb>tion by the perpen­

<lb></lb>dicular ſwifter 

<lb></lb>than by the incli­

<lb></lb>nation.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then you would think it much more falſe, ſhould I 

<lb></lb>ſay, that the velocity of the Cadents by the perpendicular, and 

<lb></lb>inclination, are abſolutely equal: and yet this is a Propoſition 

<lb></lb>moſt true, as is alſo this that the Cadent moveth more ſwiftly by 

<lb></lb>the perpendicular, than by the inclination.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Theſe Propoſitions to my ears ſound very harſh: and 

<lb></lb>I believe to yours <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I have the ſame ſenſe of them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I conceit you jeſt with me, pretending not to compre­

<lb></lb>hend what you know better than my ſelf: therefore tell me <emph type="italics"></emph>Sim­

<lb></lb>plicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> when you imagine a moveable more ſwift than ano­

<lb></lb>ther, what conceit do you fancy in your mind?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I fancie one to paſs in the ſame time a greater ſpace 

<lb></lb>than the other, or to move equal ſpaces, but in leſſer time.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Very well: and for moveables equally ſwift, what&#039;s 

<lb></lb>your conceit of them?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I fancie that they paſs equal ſpaces in equal times.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/021.jpg" pagenum="15"></pb><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And have you no other conceit thereof than this?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This I think to be the proper definition of equal mo­

<lb></lb>tions.</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg47"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg47"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Velocities are ſaid 

<lb></lb>to be equal, when 

<lb></lb>the ſpaces paſſed 

<lb></lb>are proportionate to 

<lb></lb>their time.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>We will add moreover this other: and call that equal 

<lb></lb>velocity, when the ſpaces paſſed have the ſame proportion, as the 

<lb></lb>times wherein they are paſt, and it is a more univerſal definition.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is ſo: for it comprehendeth the equal ſpaces paſt in 

<lb></lb>equal times, and alſo the unequal paſt in times unequal, but pro­

<lb></lb>portionate to thoſe ſpaces. </s><s>Take now the ſame Figure, and apply­

<lb></lb>ing the conceipt that you had of the more haſtie motion, tell me 

<lb></lb>why you think the velocity of the Cadent by C B, is greater 

<lb></lb>than the velocity of the Deſcendent by C A?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I think ſo; becauſe in the ſame time that the Cadent 

<lb></lb>ſhall paſs all C B, the Deſcendent ſhall paſs in C A, a part leſs 

<lb></lb>than C B.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. True; and thus it is proved, that the moveable moves 

<lb></lb>more ſwiftly by the perpendicular, than by the inclination. </s><s>Now 

<lb></lb>conſider, if in this ſame Figure one may any way evince the o­

<lb></lb>ther conceipt, and finde that the moveables were equally ſwift 

<lb></lb>by both the lines C A and C B.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I ſee no ſuch thing; nay rather it ſeems to contradict 

<lb></lb>what was ſaid before.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And what ſay you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? </s><s>I would not teach you 

<lb></lb>what you knew before, and that of which but juſt now you pro­

<lb></lb>duced me the definition.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The definition I gave you, was, that moveables may 

<lb></lb>be called equally ſwift, when the ſpaces paſſed are proportional 

<lb></lb>to the times in which they paſſed; therefore to apply the defini­

<lb></lb>tion to the preſent caſe, it will be requiſite, that the time of de­

<lb></lb>ſcent by C A, to the time of falling by C B, ſhould have the 

<lb></lb>ſame proportion that the line C A hath to the line C B; but I 

<lb></lb>underſtand not how that can be, for that the motion by C B is 

<lb></lb>ſwifter than by C A.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And yet you muſt of neceſſity know it. </s><s>Tell me a little, 

<lb></lb>do not theſe motions go continually accelerating?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>They do; but more in the perpendicular than in the 

<lb></lb>inclination.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But this acceleration in the perpendicular, is it yet not­

<lb></lb>withſtanding ſuch in compariſon of that of the inclined, that 

<lb></lb>two equal parts being taken in any place of the ſaid perpendicu­

<lb></lb>lar and inclining lines, the motion in the parts of the perpendicu­

<lb></lb>lar is alwaies more ſwift, than in the part of the inclination?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I ſay not ſo: but I could take a ſpace in the inclinati­

<lb></lb>on, in which the velocity ſhall be far greater than in the like ſpace 

<lb></lb>taken in the perpendicular; and this ſhall be, if the ſpace in the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/022.jpg" pagenum="16"></pb>perpendicular ſhould be taken near to the end C, and in the in­

<lb></lb>clination, far from it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You ſee then, that the Propoſition which ſaith, that 

<lb></lb>the motion by the perpendicular is more ſwift than by the incli­

<lb></lb>nation, holds not true univerſally, but onely of the motions, 

<lb></lb>which begin from the extremity, namely from the point of reſt: 

<lb></lb>without which reſtriction, the Propoſition would be ſo deficient, 

<lb></lb>that its very direct contrary might be true; namely, that the mo­

<lb></lb>tion in the inclining plane is ſwifter than in the perpendicular: 

<lb></lb>for it is certain, that in the ſaid inclination, we may take a ſpace 

<lb></lb>paſt by the moveable in leſs time, than the like ſpace paſt in the 

<lb></lb>perpendicular. </s><s>Now becauſe the motion in the inclination is in 

<lb></lb>ſome places more, in ſome leſs, than in the perpendicular; there­

<lb></lb>fore in ſome places of the inclination, the time of motion of the 

<lb></lb>moveable, ſhall have a greater proportion to the time of the motion 

<lb></lb>of the moveable, by ſome places of the perpendicular, than the 

<lb></lb>ſpace paſſed, to the ſpace paſſed: and in other places, the pro­

<lb></lb>portion of the time to the time, ſhall be leſs than that of the 

<lb></lb>ſpace to the ſpace. </s><s>As for example: two moveables departing 

<lb></lb>from their quieſcence, namely, from the point C, one by the per­

<lb></lb>pendicular C B, [in <emph type="italics"></emph>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4.] and the other by the inclination C A, 

<lb></lb>in the time that, in the perpendicular, the moveable ſhall have 

<lb></lb>paſt all C B, the other ſhall have paſt C T leſſer. </s><s>And therefore 

<lb></lb>the time by C T, to the time by C B (which is equal) ſhall have 

<lb></lb>a greater proportion than the line C T to C B, being that the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſame<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to the <emph type="italics"></emph>leſs,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath a greater proportion than to the <emph type="italics"></emph>greater.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>And on the contrary, if in C A, prolonged as much as is requi­

<lb></lb>ſite, one ſhould take a part equal to C B, but paſt in a ſhorter 

<lb></lb>time; the time in the inclination ſhall have a leſs proportion to 

<lb></lb>the time in the perpendicular, than the ſpace to the ſpace. </s><s>If 

<lb></lb>therefore in the inclination and perpendicular, we may ſuppoſe 

<lb></lb>ſuch ſpaces and velocities, that the proportion between the ſaid 

<lb></lb>ſpaces be greater and leſs than the proportion of the times; we 

<lb></lb>may eaſily grant, that there are alſo ſpaces, by which the times 

<lb></lb>of the motions retain the ſame proportion as the ſpaces.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am already freed from my greateſt doubt, and con­

<lb></lb>ceive that to be not onely poſſible, but neceſſary, which I but 

<lb></lb>now thought a contradiction: but nevertheleſs I underſtand not 

<lb></lb>as yet, that this whereof we now are ſpeaking, is one of theſe 

<lb></lb>poſſible or neceſſary caſes; ſo as that it ſhould be true, that the 

<lb></lb>time of deſcent by C A, to the time of the fall by C B, hath the 

<lb></lb>ſame proportion that the line C A hath to C B; whence it may 

<lb></lb>without contradiction be affirmed, that the velocity by the incli­

<lb></lb>nation C A, and by the perpendicular C B, are equal.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Content your ſelf for this time, that I have removed 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/023.jpg" pagenum="17"></pb>your incredulity; but for the knowledge of this, expect it at 

<lb></lb>ſome other time, namely, when you ſhall ſee the matters concer­

<lb></lb>ning local motion demonſtrated by our <emph type="italics"></emph>Academick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; at which 

<lb></lb>time you ſhall find it proved, that in the time that the one movea­

<lb></lb>ble falls all the ſpace C B, the other deſcendeth by C A as far 

<lb></lb>as the point T, in which falls the perpendicular drawn from the 

<lb></lb>point B: and to find where the ſame Cadent by the perpendi­

<lb></lb>cular would be when the other arriveth at the point A, draw from 

<lb></lb>A the perpendicular unto C A, continuing it, and C B unto the 

<lb></lb>interfection, and that ſhall be the point ſought. </s><s>Whereby you 

<lb></lb>ſee how it is true, that the motion by C B is ſwifter than by the 

<lb></lb>inclination C A (ſuppoſing the term C for the beginning of the 

<lb></lb>motions compared) becauſe the line C B is greater than C T, 

<lb></lb>and the other from C unto the interſection of the perpendicular 

<lb></lb>drawn from A, unto the line C A, is greater than C A, and 

<lb></lb>therefore the motion by it is ſwifter than by C A But when we 

<lb></lb>compare the motion made by all C A, not with all the motion 

<lb></lb>made in the ſame time by the perpendicular continued, but with 

<lb></lb>that made in part of the time, by the ſole part C B, it hinders 

<lb></lb>not, that the motion by C A, continuing to deſcend beyond, may 

<lb></lb>arrive to A in ſuch a time as is in proportion to the other time, 

<lb></lb>as the line C A is to the line C B. </s><s>Now returning to our firſt 

<lb></lb>purpoſe; which was to ſhew, that the grave moveable leaving 

<lb></lb>its quieſcence, paſſeth defcending by all the degrees of tardity, 

<lb></lb>precedent to any whatſoever degree of velocity that it aequireth, 

<lb></lb>re-aſſuming the ſame Figure which we uſed before, let us remem­

<lb></lb>ber that we did agree, that the Deſcendent by the inclination C 

<lb></lb>A, and the Cadent by the perpendicular C B, were found to have 

<lb></lb>acquired equal degrees of velocity in the terms B and A: now to 

<lb></lb>proceed, I ſuppoſe you will not ſcruple to grant, that upon ano­

<lb></lb>ther plane leſs ſteep than A C; as for example, A D [in <emph type="italics"></emph>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5.] 

<lb></lb>the motion of the deſcendent would be yet more ſlow than in the 

<lb></lb>plane A C. </s><s>So that it is not any whit dubitable, but that there 

<lb></lb>may be planes ſo little elevated above the Horizon A B, that the 

<lb></lb>moveable, namely the ſame ball, in any the longeſt time may 

<lb></lb>reach the point A, which being to move by the plane A B, an infi­

<lb></lb>nite time would not ſuffice: and the motion is made always more 

<lb></lb>ſlowly, by how much the declination is leſs. </s><s>It muſt be therefore 

<lb></lb>confeſt, that there may be a point taken upon the term B, ſo near 

<lb></lb>to the ſaid B, that drawing from thence to the point A a plane, 

<lb></lb>the ball would not paſs it in a whole year. </s><s>It is requiſite next 

<lb></lb>for you to know, that the <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> namely the degree of velo­

<lb></lb>city the ball is found to have acquired when it arriveth at the 

<lb></lb>point A, is ſuch, that ſhould it continue to move with this ſelf-ſame 

<lb></lb>degree uniformly, that is to ſay, without accelerating or retarding; 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/024.jpg" pagenum="18"></pb>in as much more time as it was in coming by the inclining plane, it 

<lb></lb>would paſs double the ſpace of the plane inclined: namely (for 

<lb></lb>example) if the ball had paſt the plane D A in an hour, con­

<lb></lb>tinuing to move uniformly with that degree of velocity which it 

<lb></lb>is found to have in its arriving at the term A, it ſhall paſs in an 

<lb></lb>hour a ſpace double the length D A; and becauſe (as we have 

<lb></lb>ſaid) the degrees of velocity acquired in the points B and A, by 

<lb></lb>the moveables that depart from any point taken in the perpendicu­

<lb></lb>lar C B, and that deſcend, the one by the inclined plane, the o­

<lb></lb>ther by the ſaid perpendicular, are always equal: therefore the 

<lb></lb>cadent by the perpendicular may depart from a term ſo near to B, 

<lb></lb>that the degree of velocity acquired in B, would not ſuffice (ſtill 

<lb></lb>maintaining the ſame) to conduct the moveable by a ſpace dou­

<lb></lb>ble the length of the plane inclined in a year, nor in ten, no nor 

<lb></lb>in a hundred. </s><s>We may therefore conclude, that if it be true, 

<lb></lb>that according to the ordinary courſe of nature a moveable, all 

<lb></lb>external and accidental impediments removed, moves upon an in­

<lb></lb>clining plane with greater and greater tardity, according as the 

<lb></lb>inclination ſhall be leſs; ſo that in the end the tardity comes to be 

<lb></lb>infinite, which is, when the inclination concludeth in, and joyneth 

<lb></lb>to the horizontal plane; and if it be true likewiſe, that the de­

<lb></lb>gree of velocity acquired in ſome point of the inclined plane, is 

<lb></lb>equal to that degree of velocity which is found to be in the move­

<lb></lb>able that deſcends by the perpendicular, in the point cut by a 

<lb></lb>parallel to the Horizon, which paſſeth by that point of the incli­

<lb></lb>ning plane; it muſt of neceſſity be granted, that the cadent de­

<lb></lb>parting from reſt, paſſeth thorow all the infinite degrees of tar­

<lb></lb>dity, and that conſequently, to acquire a determinate degree of 

<lb></lb>velocity, it is neceſſary that it move firſt by right lines, deſcend­

<lb></lb>ing by a ſhort or long ſpace, according as the velocity to be acqui­

<lb></lb>red, ought to be either leſs or greater, and according as the plane 

<lb></lb>on which it deſcendeth is more or leſs inclined; ſo that a plane 

<lb></lb>may be given with ſo ſmall inclination, that to acquire in it the 

<lb></lb>aſſigned degree of velocity, it muſt firſt move in a very great ſpace, 

<lb></lb>and take a very long time; whereupon in the horizontal plane, any 

<lb></lb>how little ſoever velocity, would never be naturally acquired, 

<lb></lb>ſince that the moveable in this caſe will never move: but the </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg48"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>motion by the horizontal line, which is neither declined or incli­

<lb></lb>ned, is a circular motion about the centre: therefore the circu­

<lb></lb>lar motion is never acquired naturally, without the right motion 

<lb></lb>precede it; but being once acquired, it will continue perpetually 

<lb></lb>with uniform velocity. </s><s>I could with other diſcourſes evince and 

<lb></lb>demonſtrate the ſame truth, but I will not by ſo great a digreſ­

<lb></lb>fion interrupt our principal argument: but rather will return to 

<lb></lb>it upon ſome other occaſion; eſpecially ſince we now aſſumed the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/025.jpg" pagenum="19"></pb>ſame, not to ſerve for a neceſſary demonſtration, but to adorn a 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Platonick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Conceit; to which I will add another particular obſer­

<lb></lb>vation of our <emph type="italics"></emph>Academick,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which hath in it ſomething of admira­

<lb></lb>ble. </s><s>Let us ſuppoſe amongſt the decrees of the divine <emph type="italics"></emph>Architect,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>a purpoſe of creating in the World theſe Globes, which we be­

<lb></lb>hold continually moving round, and of aſſigning the centre of 

<lb></lb>their converſions; and that in it he had placed the Sun immoveable, 

<lb></lb>and had afterwards made all the ſaid Globes in the ſame place, 

<lb></lb>and with the intended inclinations of moving towards the Centre, 

<lb></lb>till they had acquired thoſe degrees of velocity, which at firſt ſee­

<lb></lb>med good to the ſame Divine Minde; the which being acquired, 

<lb></lb>we laſtly ſuppoſe that they were turned round, each in his Sphere 

<lb></lb>retaining the ſaid acquired velocity: it is now demanded, in 

<lb></lb>what altitude and diſtance from the Sun the place was where the 

<lb></lb>ſaid Orbs were primarily created; and whether it be poſſible that 

<lb></lb>they might all be created in the ſame place? </s><s>To make this inve­

<lb></lb>ſtigation, we muſt take from the moſt skilfull Aſtronomers the 

<lb></lb>magnitude of the Spheres in which the Planets revolve, and like­

<lb></lb>wiſe the time of their revolutions: from which two cognitions is 

<lb></lb>gathered how much (for example) <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is ſwifter than <emph type="italics"></emph>Sa­

<lb></lb>turne<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and being found (as indeed it is) that <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> moves more 

<lb></lb>ſwiftly, it is requiſite, that departing from the ſame altitude, <emph type="italics"></emph>Ju­

<lb></lb>piter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> be deſcended more than <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturne,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as we really know it is, its 

<lb></lb>Orbe being inferiour to that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturne.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> But by proceeding for­

<lb></lb>wards, from the proportions of the two velocities of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Saturne,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and from the diſtance between their Orbs, and from the 

<lb></lb>proportion of acceleration of natural motion, one may finde in 

<lb></lb>what altitude and diſtance from the centre of their revolutions, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg49"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>was the place from whence they firſt departed. </s><s>This found out, 

<lb></lb>and agreed upon, it is to be ſought, whether <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> deſcending 

<lb></lb>from thence to his Orb, the magnitude of the Orb, and the ve­

<lb></lb>locity of the motion, agree with that which is found by calcula­

<lb></lb>tion; and let the like be done of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Eartb,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; the greatneſs of which Spheres, and the velocity of 

<lb></lb>their motions, agree ſo nearly to what computation gives, that it 

<lb></lb>is very admirable.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg48"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The circular mo­

<lb></lb>tion is never ac­

<lb></lb>quired naturally, 

<lb></lb>without right mo­

<lb></lb>tion precede it. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Circular motion 

<lb></lb>perpetually uni­

<lb></lb>form.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg49"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The magnitude of 

<lb></lb>the Orbs, and the 

<lb></lb>velocity of the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the Planets, 

<lb></lb>anſwer proportion­

<lb></lb>ably, as if deſcend­

<lb></lb>ed from the ſame 

<lb></lb>place.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I have hearkened to this conceit with extreme delight; 

<lb></lb>and, but that I believe the making of theſe calculations truly 

<lb></lb>would be a long and painfull task, and perhaps too hard for me 

<lb></lb>to comprehend, I would make a trial of them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The operation indeed is long and difficult; nor could 

<lb></lb>I be certain to finde it ſo readily; therefore we ſhall refer it to an­

<lb></lb>other time, and for the preſent we will return to our firſt propo­

<lb></lb>ſal, going on there where we made digreſſion; which, if I well 

<lb></lb>remember, was about the proving the motion by a right line of no 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/026.jpg" pagenum="20"></pb>uſe, in the ordinate parts of the World; and we did proceed to 

<lb></lb>ſay, that it was not ſo in circular motions, of which that which is 

<lb></lb>made by the moveable in it ſelf, ſtill retains it in the ſame place, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg50"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>and that which carrieth the moveable by the circumference of a 

<lb></lb>circle about its fixed centre, neither puts it ſelf, nor thoſe about it 

<lb></lb>in diſorder; for that ſuch a motion primarily is finite and terminate 

<lb></lb>(though not yet finiſhed and determined) but there is no point 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg51"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>in the circumference, that is not the firſt and laſt term in the cir­

<lb></lb>culation; and continuing it in the circumference aſſigned it, it 

<lb></lb>leaveth all the reſt, within and without that, free for the uſe of 

<lb></lb>others, without ever impeding or diſordering them. </s><s>This being 

<lb></lb>a motion that makes the moveable continually leave, and con­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg52"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>tinually arrive at the end; it alone therefore can primarily be u­

<lb></lb>niform; for that acceleration of motion is made in the moveable, 

<lb></lb>when it goeth towards the term, to which it hath inclination; 

<lb></lb>and the retardation happens by the repugnance that it hath to 

<lb></lb>leave and part from the ſame term; and becauſe in circular mo­

<lb></lb>tion, the moveable continually leaves the natural term, and con­

<lb></lb>tinually moveth towards the ſame, therefore, in it, the repug­

<lb></lb>nance and inclination are always of equal force: from which e­

<lb></lb>quality reſults a velocity, neither retarded nor accelerated, <emph type="italics"></emph>i. </s><s>e.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> an 

<lb></lb>uniformity in motion. </s><s>From this conformity, and from the being 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg53"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>terminate, may follow the perpetual continuation by ſucceſſively 

<lb></lb>reiterating the circulations; which in an undeterminated line, 

<lb></lb>and in a motion continually retarded or accelerated, cannot na­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg54"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>turally be. </s><s>I ſay, naturally; becauſe the right motion which is 

<lb></lb>retarded, is the violent, which cannot be perpetual; and the ac­

<lb></lb>celerate arriveth neceſſarily at the term, if one there be; and if 

<lb></lb>there be none, it cannot be moved to it, becauſe nature moves 

<lb></lb>not whether it is impoſſible to attain. </s><s>I conclude therefore, that 

<lb></lb>the circular motion can onely naturally conſiſt with natural bo­

<lb></lb>dies, parts of the univerſe, and conſtituted in an excellent diſpo­

<lb></lb>ſure; and that the right, at the moſt that can be ſaid for it, is 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg55"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>aſſigned by nature to its bodies, and their parts, at ſuch time as 

<lb></lb>they ſhall be out of their proper places, conſtituted in a depraved 

<lb></lb>diſpoſition, and for that cauſe needing to be redured by the ſhort­

<lb></lb>eſt way to their natural ſtate. </s><s>Hence, me thinks, it may ratio­

<lb></lb>nally be concluded, that for maintenance of perfect order among ſt 

<lb></lb>the parts of the World, it is neceſſary to ſay, that moveables are 

<lb></lb>moveable onely circularly; and if there be any that move not 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg56"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>circularly, theſe of neceſſity are immoveable: there being no­

<lb></lb>thing but reſt and circular motion apt to the conſervation of or­

<lb></lb>der. </s><s>And I do not a little wonder with my ſelf, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>who held that the Terreſtrial globe was placed in the centre of 

<lb></lb>the World, and there remained immoveable, ſhould not ſay, that 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/027.jpg" pagenum="21"></pb>of natural bodies ſome are moveable by nature, and others immo­

<lb></lb>veable; eſpecially having before defined Nature, to be the prin­

<lb></lb>ciple of Motion and Reſt.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg50"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Finite and termi­

<lb></lb>nate circular mo­

<lb></lb>tions diſorder not 

<lb></lb>the parts of the 

<lb></lb>World.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg51"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>In the circular mo­

<lb></lb>tion, every point in 

<lb></lb>the circumference 

<lb></lb>is the begining and 

<lb></lb>end.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg52"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Circular motion 

<lb></lb>onely is uniform.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg53"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Circular motion 

<lb></lb>may be continued 

<lb></lb>perpetually.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg54"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Right motion can­

<lb></lb>not naturally be 

<lb></lb>perpetual.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg55"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Right motion aſ­

<lb></lb>ſigned to natural 

<lb></lb>bodies, to reduce 

<lb></lb>them to perfect or­

<lb></lb>der, when removed 

<lb></lb>from their places.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg56"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſt onely, and 

<lb></lb>circular motion are 

<lb></lb>apt to conſerve or­

<lb></lb>der.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> though of a very perſpicacious wit, would 

<lb></lb>not ſtrain it further than needed: holding in all his argumen­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg57"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>tations, that ſenſible experiments were to be preferred before 

<lb></lb>any reaſons founded upon ſtrength of wit, and ſaid thoſe which 

<lb></lb>ſhould deny the teſtimony of ſenſe deſerved to be puniſhed with 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg58"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the loſs of that ſenſe; now who is ſo blind, that ſees not the 

<lb></lb>parts of the Earth and Water to move, as being grave, natural­

<lb></lb>ly downwards, namely, towards the centre of the Univerſe, aſ­

<lb></lb>ſigned by nature her ſelf for the end and term of right motion 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>deorſùm<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and doth not likewiſe ſee the Fire and Air to move 

<lb></lb>right upwards towards the Concave of the Lunar Orb, as to the 

<lb></lb>natural end of motion <emph type="italics"></emph>ſurſùm<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? </s><s>And this being ſo manifeſtly ſeen, 

<lb></lb>and we being certain, that <emph type="italics"></emph>eadem est ratio totius &amp; partium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> why 

<lb></lb>may we not aſſert it for a true and manifeſt propoſition, that the 

<lb></lb>natural motion of the Earth is the right motion <emph type="italics"></emph>ad medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>that of the Fire, the right <emph type="italics"></emph>à medio<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg57"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Senſible experi­

<lb></lb>ments are to be pre­

<lb></lb>ferred before hu­

<lb></lb>mane argument a­

<lb></lb>tions.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg58"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>He who denies 

<lb></lb>ſenſe, deſerves to 

<lb></lb>be deprived of it. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Senſe ſheweth that 

<lb></lb>things grave move 

<lb></lb>to the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> medium, <emph type="italics"></emph>and 

<lb></lb>the light to the 

<lb></lb>concave.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The moſt that you can pretend from this your Diſ­

<lb></lb>courſe, were it granted to be true, is that, like as the parts of the 

<lb></lb>Earth removed from the whole, namely, from the place where 

<lb></lb>they naturally reſt, that is in ſhort reduced to a depraved and diſ­

<lb></lb>ordered diſpoſure, return to their place ſpontaneouſly, and there­

<lb></lb>fore naturally in a right motion, (it being granted, that <emph type="italics"></emph>eadem 

<lb></lb>ſit ratio totius &amp; partium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>) ſo it may be inferred, that the 

<lb></lb>Terreſtrial Globe removed violently from the place aſſigned 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg59"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>it by nature, it would return by a right line. </s><s>This, as I have 

<lb></lb>ſaid, is the moſt that can be granted you, and that onely for want 

<lb></lb>of examination; but he that ſhall with exactneſs reviſe theſe 

<lb></lb>things, will firſt deny, that the parts of the Earth, in returning to 

<lb></lb>its whole, move in a right line, and not by a circular or mixt; and 

<lb></lb>really you would have enough to do to demonſtrate the contra­

<lb></lb>ry, as you ſhall plainly ſee in the anſwers to the particular reaſons 

<lb></lb>and experiments alledged by <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Secondly, 

<lb></lb>If another ſhould ſay that the <emph type="italics"></emph>parts<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the Earth, go not in their 

<lb></lb>motion towards the Centre of the World, but to unite with its 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Whole,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and that for that reaſon they naturally incline towards the 

<lb></lb>centre of the Terreſtrial Globe, by which inclination they con­

<lb></lb>ſpire to form and preſerve it, what other <emph type="italics"></emph>All,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or what other Centre 

<lb></lb>would you find for the World, to which the whole Terrene 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg60"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Globe, being thence removed, would ſeek to return, that ſo the 

<lb></lb>reaſon of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Whole<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> might be like to that of its <emph type="italics"></emph>parts<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? </s><s>It may be 

<lb></lb>added, That neither <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> nor you can ever prove, that the 

<lb></lb>Earth <emph type="italics"></emph>de facto<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is in the centre of the Univerſe; but if any Centre 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/028.jpg" pagenum="22"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg61"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>may be aſligned to the Univerſe, we ſhall rather find the Sun 

<lb></lb>placed in it, as by the ſequel you ſhall underſtand.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg59"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is queſtionable 

<lb></lb>whether deſcending 

<lb></lb>weights move in a 

<lb></lb>right line.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg60"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Earth speri­

<lb></lb>cal by the conſpi­

<lb></lb>ration of its parts 

<lb></lb>to its Centre.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg61"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Sun more pro­

<lb></lb>bably in the centre 

<lb></lb>of the Vniverſe, 

<lb></lb>than the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>Now, like as from the conſentaneous conſpiration of all the 

<lb></lb>parts of the Earth to form its whole, doth follow, that they with 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg62"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>equal inclination concurr thither from all parts; and to unite 

<lb></lb>themſelves as much as is poſſible together, they there ſphelically 

<lb></lb>adapt themſelves; why may we not believe that the Sun, Moon, 

<lb></lb>and other mundane Bodies, be alſo of a round figure, not by o­

<lb></lb>ther than a concordant inſtinct, and natural concourſe of all the 

<lb></lb>parts compoſing them? </s><s>Of which, if any, at any time, by any 

<lb></lb>violence were ſeparated from the whole, is it not reaſonable to 

<lb></lb>think, that they would ſpontaneouſly and by natural inſtinct re­

<lb></lb>turn? </s><s>and in this manner to infer, that the right motion agreeth 

<lb></lb>with all mundane bodies alike.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg62"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Natural inclina­

<lb></lb>tion of the parts of 

<lb></lb>all the globes of 

<lb></lb>the World to go to 

<lb></lb>their centre.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. Certainly, if you in this manner deny not onely the 

<lb></lb>Principles of Sciences, but manifeſt Experience, and the Senſes 

<lb></lb>themſelves, you can never be convinced or removed from any o­

<lb></lb>pinion which you once conceit, therefore I will chooſe rather to 

<lb></lb>be ſilent (for, <emph type="italics"></emph>contra negantes principia non eſt diſputandum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>) 

<lb></lb>than contend with you. </s><s>And inſiſting on the things alledged by 

<lb></lb>you even now (ſince you queſtion ſo much as whether grave move­

<lb></lb>ables have a right motion or no) how can you ever rationally de­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg63"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ny, that the parts of the Earth; or, if you will, that ponderous 

<lb></lb>matters deſcend towards the Centre, with a right motion; when­

<lb></lb>as, if from a very high Tower, whoſe walls are vcry upright and 

<lb></lb>perpendicular, you let them fall, they ſhall deſcend gliding and 

<lb></lb>ſliding by the Tower to the Earth, exactly in that very place 

<lb></lb>where a plummet would fall, being hanged by a line faſtned above, 

<lb></lb>juſt there, whence the ſaid weights were let fall? </s><s>is not this a 

<lb></lb>more than evident argument of the motions being right, and to­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg64"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>wards the Centre? </s><s>In the ſecond place you call in doubt, whe­

<lb></lb>ther the parts of the Earth are moved, as <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> affirms, to­

<lb></lb>wards the Centre of the World; as if he had not rationally de­

<lb></lb>monſtrated it by contrary motions, whilſt he thus argueth; The 

<lb></lb>motion of heavie bodies is contrary to that of the light: but the 

<lb></lb>motion of the light is manifeſt to be directly upwards, namely, 

<lb></lb>towards the circumference of the World, therefore the motion of 

<lb></lb>the heavie is directly towards the Centre of the World: and it 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg65"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>happens <emph type="italics"></emph>per accidens,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that it be towards the centre of the Earth, 

<lb></lb>for that this ſtriveth to be united to that. </s><s>The ſeeking in the 

<lb></lb>next place, what a part of the Globe of the Sun or Moon would 

<lb></lb>do, were it ſeparated from its whole, is vanity; becauſe that there­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg66"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>by that is ſought, which would be the conſequence of an impoſſi­

<lb></lb>bility; in regard that, as <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> alſo demonſtrates, the cœleſtial 

<lb></lb>bodies are impaſſible, impenetrable, and infrangible; ſo that ſuch 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/029.jpg" pagenum="23"></pb>a caſe can never happen: and though it ſhould, and that the ſe­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg67"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>parated part ſhould return to its whole, it would not return as 

<lb></lb>grave or light, for that the ſame <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> proveth, that the Cœ­

<lb></lb>leſtial Bodies are neither heavie nor light.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg63"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The right motion 

<lb></lb>of grave bodies 

<lb></lb>manifeſt to ſenſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg64"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Arguments of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> A­

<lb></lb>riſtotle, <emph type="italics"></emph>to prove 

<lb></lb>that grave bodies 

<lb></lb>move with an in­

<lb></lb>clination to arrive 

<lb></lb>at the centre of the 

<lb></lb>Vniverſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg65"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Heavie bodies 

<lb></lb>move towards the 

<lb></lb>centre of the Earth<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>per accidens.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg66"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>To ſeek what 

<lb></lb>would follow upon 

<lb></lb>an impoſſibility, is 

<lb></lb>folly.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg67"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Cœleſtial bodies 

<lb></lb>neither heavie nor 

<lb></lb>light, according to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Ariſtotle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>With what reaſon I doubt, whether grave bodies move 

<lb></lb>by a right and perpendicular line, you ſhall hear, as I ſaid be­

<lb></lb>fore, when I ſhall examine this particular argument. </s><s>Touching 

<lb></lb>the ſecond point, I wonder that you ſhould need to diſcover the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Paralogiſm<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> being of it ſelf ſo manifeſt; and that 

<lb></lb>you perceive not, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſuppoſeth that which is in queſti­

<lb></lb>on: therefore take notice.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Pray <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſpeak with more reſpect of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: 

<lb></lb>for who can you ever perſwade, that he who was the firſt, only, 

<lb></lb>and admirable explainer of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Syllogiſtick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> forms of demonſtration, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg68"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Elenchs,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the manner of diſcovering <emph type="italics"></emph>Sophiſms, Paralogiſms,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>in ſhort, of all the parts of <emph type="italics"></emph>Logick,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhould afterwards ſo notoriouſly 

<lb></lb>equivocate in impoſing that for known, which is in queſtion? </s><s>It 

<lb></lb>would be better, my Maſters, firſt perfectly to underſtand him, 

<lb></lb>and then to try, if you have a minde, to oppoſe him.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg68"></margin.target>Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>cannot e­

<lb></lb>quivocate, being 

<lb></lb>the inventer of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Lo­

<lb></lb>gick.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> we are here familiarly diſcourſing among 

<lb></lb>our ſelves, to inveſtigate ſome truth; I ſhall not be diſpleaſed 

<lb></lb>that you diſcover my errors; and if I do not follow the mind of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> freely reprehend me, and I ſhall take it in good part. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Onely give me leave to expound my doubts, and to reply ſome­

<lb></lb>thing to your laſt words, telling you, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Logick,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as it is well 

<lb></lb>underſtood, is the Organe with which we philoſophate; but as it 

<lb></lb>may be poſſible, that an Artiſt may be excellent in making Or­

<lb></lb>gans, but unlearned in playing on them, thus he might be a great 

<lb></lb>Logician, but unexpert in making uſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Logick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; like as we have 

<lb></lb>many that theorically underſtand the whole Art of Poetry, and 

<lb></lb>yet are unfortunate in compoſing but meer four Verſes; others 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg69"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>enjoy all the precepts of <emph type="italics"></emph>Vinci<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>^{*}, and yet know not how to paint 

<lb></lb>a Stoole. </s><s>The playing on the Organs is not taught by them who 

<lb></lb>know how to make Organs, but by him that knows how to play 

<lb></lb>on them: Poetry is learnt by continual reading of Poets: Limn­

<lb></lb>ing is learnt by continual painting and deſigning: Demonſtration 

<lb></lb>from the reading of Books full of demonſtrations, which are the 

<lb></lb>Mathematical onely, and not the Logical. </s><s>Now returning to our 

<lb></lb>purpoſe, I ſay, that that which <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſeeth of the motion of 

<lb></lb>light bodies, is the departing of the Fire from any part of the 

<lb></lb>Superficies of the Terreſtrial Globe, and directly retreating from 

<lb></lb>it, mounting upwards; and this indeed is to move towards a 

<lb></lb>circumference greater than that of the Earth; yea, the ſame <emph type="italics"></emph>A­

<lb></lb>riſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> makes it to move to the concave of the Moon, but that 

<lb></lb>this circumference is that of the World, or concentrick to it, ſo 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/030.jpg" pagenum="24"></pb>that to move towards this, is a moving towards that of the World, 

<lb></lb>that he cannot affirm, unleſs he ſuppoſeth, That the Centre of the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg70"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Earth, from which we ſee theſe light aſcendent bodies to depart, 

<lb></lb>be the ſame with the Centre of the World; which is as much as 

<lb></lb>to ſay, that the terreſtrial Globe is conſtituted in the midſt of the 

<lb></lb>World: which is yet that of which we were in doubt, and which 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> intended to prove. </s><s>And do you ſay that this is not a 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg71"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>manifeſt <emph type="italics"></emph>Paralogiſm<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg69"></margin.target>* A famous <emph type="italics"></emph>Italian<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Painter.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg70"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Paralogiſm of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> A­

<lb></lb>riſtotle, <emph type="italics"></emph>in proving 

<lb></lb>the Earth to be in 

<lb></lb>the Centre of the 

<lb></lb>World.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg71"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Paralogiſme 

<lb></lb>of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>another 

<lb></lb>way diſcovered.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This Argument of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> appeared to me deficient 

<lb></lb>alſo, and <emph type="italics"></emph>non<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>-concludent for another reſpect; though it were 

<lb></lb>granted, that that Circumference, to which the Fire directly mo­

<lb></lb>veth, be that which includeth the World: for that in a circle, 

<lb></lb>not onely the centre, but any other point being taken, every move­

<lb></lb>able which departing thence, ſhall move in a right line, and to­

<lb></lb>wards any whatſoever part, ſhall without any doubt go towards 

<lb></lb>the circumference, and continuing the motion, ſhall alſo arrive 

<lb></lb>thither; ſo that we may truly ſay, that it moveth towards the 

<lb></lb>circumference: but yet it doth not follow, that that which mo­

<lb></lb>veth by the ſame line with a contrary motion, would go towards 

<lb></lb>the centre, unleſs when the point taken were the centre it ſelf, 

<lb></lb>or that the motion were made by that onely line, which produced 

<lb></lb>from the point aſſigned, paſſeth thorow the centre. </s><s>So that to 

<lb></lb>ſay, that Fire moving in a right line, goeth towards the circumfe­

<lb></lb>rence of the World, therefore the parts of the Earth which by 

<lb></lb>the ſame lines move with a contrary motion, go towards the cen­

<lb></lb>tre of the World, concludeth not, unleſs then when it is pre­

<lb></lb>ſuppoſed, that the lines of the Fire prolonged paſs by the centre 

<lb></lb>of the World; and becauſe we know certainly of them, that they 

<lb></lb>paſs by the centre of the Terreſtrial Globe (being perpendicu­

<lb></lb>lar to its ſuperficies, and not inclined) therefore to conclude, it 

<lb></lb>muſt be ſuppoſed, that the centre of the Earth is the ſame with 

<lb></lb>the centre of the World; or at leaſt, that the parts of the Fire 

<lb></lb>and Earth deſcend not, ſave onely by one ſole line which paſſeth 

<lb></lb>by the centre of the World. </s><s>Which nevertheleſs is falſe, and re­

<lb></lb>pugnant to experience, which ſheweth us, that the parts of 

<lb></lb>Fire, not by one line onely, but by infinite, produced from the 

<lb></lb>centre of the Earth towards all the parts of the World, aſcend 

<lb></lb>always by lines perpendicular to the Superficies of the Terreſtri­

<lb></lb>al Globe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You do very ingeniouſly lead <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to the ſame in­

<lb></lb>convenience, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhewing his manifeſt equivoke; but 

<lb></lb>withal you add another inconſiſtency. </s><s>We ſee the Earth to be 

<lb></lb>ſpherical, and therefore are certain that it hath its centre, to which 

<lb></lb>we ſee all its parts are moved; for ſo we muſt ſay, whilſt their 

<lb></lb>motions are all perpendicular to the Superficies of the Earth; we 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/031.jpg" pagenum="25"></pb>mean, that as they move to the centre of the Earth, they move to 

<lb></lb>their <emph type="italics"></emph>Whole,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and to their Univerſal Mother: and we are ſtill far­

<lb></lb>ther ſo free, that we will ſuffer our ſelves to be perſwaded, that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg72"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>their natural inſtinct is, not to go towards the centre of the Earth, 

<lb></lb>but towards that of the Univerſe; which we know not where to 

<lb></lb>find, or whether it be or no; and were it granted to be, it is but 

<lb></lb>an imaginary point, and a nothing without any quality. </s><s>As to 

<lb></lb>what <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſaid laſt, that the contending whether the parts 

<lb></lb>of the Sun, Moon, or other cœleſtial Body, ſeparated from their 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Whole,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhould naturally return to it, is a vanity, for that the caſe 

<lb></lb>is impoſſible; it being clear by the Demonſtrations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>that the cœleſtial Bodies are impaſſible, impenetrable, unparta­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg73"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ble, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I anſwer, that none of the conditions, whereby <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristo­

<lb></lb>tle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> diſtinguiſheth the Cœleſtial Bodies from Elementary, hath o­

<lb></lb>ther foundation than what he deduceth from the diverſity of the 

<lb></lb>natural motion of thoſe and theſe; inſomuch that it being deni­

<lb></lb>ed, that the circular motion is peculiar to Cœleſtial Bodies, and 

<lb></lb>affirmed, that it is agreeable to all Bodies naturally moveable, it 

<lb></lb>is behoofull upon neceſſary conſequence to ſay, either that the 

<lb></lb>attributes of generable, or ingenerable, alterable, or unalterable, 

<lb></lb>partable, or unpartable, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> equally and commonly agree with 

<lb></lb>all worldly bodies, namely, as well to the Cœleſtial as to the E­

<lb></lb>lementary; or that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath badly and erroneouſly dedu­

<lb></lb>ced thoſe from the circular motion, which he hath aſſigned to Cœ­

<lb></lb>leſtial Bodies.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg72"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Grave bodies may 

<lb></lb>more rationally be 

<lb></lb>affirmed to tend to 

<lb></lb>the Centre of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, than of the 

<lb></lb>Vniverſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg73"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The conditions and 

<lb></lb>attributes which 

<lb></lb>differ the cœleſtial 

<lb></lb>bodies from Ele­

<lb></lb>mentary, depend on 

<lb></lb>the motions aſſign­

<lb></lb>ed them by<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This manner of argumentation tends to the ſubverſi­

<lb></lb>on of all Natural Philoſophy, and to the diſorder and ſubverſion 

<lb></lb>of Heaven and Earth, and the whole Univerſe; but I believe the 

<lb></lb>Fundamentals of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are ſuch, that we need not 

<lb></lb>fear that new Sciences can be erected upon their ruines.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Take no thought in this place for Heaven or the Earth, 

<lb></lb>neither fear their ſubverſion, or the ruine of Philoſophy. </s><s>As to 

<lb></lb>Heaven, your fears are vain for that which you your ſelf hold 

<lb></lb>unalterable and impaſſible; as for the Earth, we ſtrive to enoble 

<lb></lb>and perfect it, whilſt we make it like to the Cœleſtial Bodies, 

<lb></lb>and as it were place it in Heaven, whence your Philoſophers have 

<lb></lb>exiled it. </s><s>Philoſophy it ſelf cannot but receive benefit from our 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg74"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Diſputes, for if our conceptions prove true, new Diſcoveries will 

<lb></lb>be made; if falſe, the firſt Doctrine will be more confirmed. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Rather beſtow your care upon ſome Philoſophers, and help and 

<lb></lb>defend them; for as to the Science it ſelf, it cannot but improve. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And that we may return to our purpoſe, be pleaſed freely to pro­

<lb></lb>duce what preſents it ſelf to you in confirmation of that great dif­

<lb></lb>ference which <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> puts between the Cœleſtial Bodies, and 

<lb></lb>the Elementary parts of the World, in making thoſe ingenerable, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/032.jpg" pagenum="26"></pb>incorruptible, unalterable, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and this corruptible, alterable, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg74"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The diſputes and 

<lb></lb>contradictions of 

<lb></lb>Philoſophers may 

<lb></lb>conduce to the 

<lb></lb>benefit of Philoſo­

<lb></lb>phy.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I ſee not yet any need that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath of help, 

<lb></lb>ſtanding as he doth ſtoutly and ſtrongly on his feet; yea not be­

<lb></lb>ing yet aſſaulted, much leſs foiled by you. </s><s>And what ward will 

<lb></lb>you chooſe in this combate for this firſt blow? <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> writeth, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg75"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that whatever is generated, is made out of a contrary in ſome 

<lb></lb>ſubject, and likewiſe is corrupted in ſome certain ſubject from a 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg76"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>contrary into a contrary; ſo that (obſerve) corruption and ge­

<lb></lb>neration is never but onely in contraries; If therefore to a Cœ­

<lb></lb>leſtial Body no contrary can be aſſigned, for that to the circular 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg77"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>motion no other motion is contrary, then Nature hath done very 

<lb></lb>well to make that exempt from contraries, which was to be in­

<lb></lb>generable and incorruptible, This fundamental firſt confirmed, 

<lb></lb>it immediately followeth of conſequence, that it is inaugmenta­

<lb></lb>ble, inalterable, impaſſible, and finally eternal, and a propor­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg78"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>tionate habitation to the immortal Deities, conformable to the 

<lb></lb>opinion even of all men that have any conceit of the Gods. </s><s>He 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg79"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>afterwards confirmeth the ſame by ſenſe; in regard, that in all 

<lb></lb>times paſt, according to memory or tradition, we ſee nothing re­

<lb></lb>moved, according to the whole outward Heaven, nor any of its 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg80"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>proper parts. </s><s>Next, as to the circular motion, that no other is 

<lb></lb>contrary to it, <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> proveth many ways; but without reci­

<lb></lb>ting them all, it is ſufficiently demonſtrated, ſince fimple motions 

<lb></lb>are but three, to the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and about the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of which the two right, <emph type="italics"></emph>ſurſum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>deorſum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are mani­

<lb></lb>feſtly contrary; and becauſe one onely hath onely one for con­

<lb></lb>trary, therefore there reſts no other motion which may be contra­

<lb></lb>ry to the circular. </s><s>You ſee the ſubtle and moſt concluding diſ­

<lb></lb>courſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whereby he proveth the incorruptibility of 

<lb></lb>Heaven.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg75"></margin.target>Ariſtotles <emph type="italics"></emph>diſcourſe 

<lb></lb>to prove the incor­

<lb></lb>ruptibility of Hea­

<lb></lb>ven.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg76"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Generation &amp; cor­

<lb></lb>ruption is onely a­

<lb></lb>mongſt contraries, 

<lb></lb>according to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſt.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg77"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>To the circular 

<lb></lb>motion no other 

<lb></lb>motion is contrary.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg78"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Heaven an habi­

<lb></lb>tation for the imm­

<lb></lb>ortal Gods.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg79"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Immutability of 

<lb></lb>Heaven evident to 

<lb></lb>ſexſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg80"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>He proveth that 

<lb></lb>the circular motion 

<lb></lb>hath no contrary.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is nothing more, ſave the pure progreſs of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſto­

<lb></lb>tle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by me hinted before; wherein, beſides that I affirm, that the 

<lb></lb>motion which you attribute to the Cœleſtial Bodies agreeth alſo 

<lb></lb>to the Earth, its illation proves nothing. </s><s>I tell you therefore, 

<lb></lb>that that circular motion which you aſſign to Cœleſtial Bodies, 

<lb></lb>ſuiteth alſo to the Earth, from which, ſuppoſing that the reſt of 

<lb></lb>your diſcourſe were concludent, will follow one of theſe three 

<lb></lb>things, as I told you a little before, and ſhall repeat; namely, 

<lb></lb>either that the Earth it ſelf is alſo ingenerable, and incorruptible, 

<lb></lb>as the Cœleſtial bodies; or that the Cœleſtial bodies are, like as 

<lb></lb>the Elementary generable, alterable &amp;c. </s><s>or that this difference of 

<lb></lb>motion hath nothing to do with Generation and Corruption. 

<lb></lb></s><s>The diſcourſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and yours alſo contain many Propoſi­

<lb></lb>tions not to be lightly admitted, and the better to examine them, 

<lb></lb>it will be convenient to reduce them to the moſt abſtracted and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/033.jpg" pagenum="27"></pb>diſtinct that can be poſſible; and excuſe me <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if haply 

<lb></lb>with ſome tediouſneſs you hear me oft repeat the ſame things, 

<lb></lb>and fancie that you ſee me reaſſume my argument in the pub­

<lb></lb>lick circle of Diſputations. </s><s>You ſay Generation and Corrupti­

<lb></lb>on are onely made where there are contraries; contraries 

<lb></lb>are onely amongſt ſimple natural bodies, moveable with contrary 

<lb></lb>motions; contrary motions are onely thoſe which are made by 

<lb></lb>a right line between contrary terms; and theſe are onely two, 

<lb></lb>that is to ſay, from the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and towards the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and 

<lb></lb>ſuch motions belong to no other natural bodies, but to the <emph type="italics"></emph>Earth,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Fire,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the other two Elements: therefore Generation 

<lb></lb>and Corruption is onely amongſt the Elements. </s><s>And becauſe 

<lb></lb>the third ſimple motion, namely, the circular about the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>hath no contrary, (for that the other two are contraries, and one 

<lb></lb>onely, hath but onely one contrary) therefore that natural body 

<lb></lb>with which ſuch motion agreeth, wants a contrary; and having 

<lb></lb>no contrary is ingenerable and incorruptible, &amp;c. </s><s>Becauſe where 

<lb></lb>there is no contrariety, there is no generation or corruption, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>But ſuch motion agreeth onely with the Cœleſtial bodies; there­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg81"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>fore onely theſe are ingenerable, incorruptible, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And to 

<lb></lb>begin, I think it a more eaſie thing, and ſooner done to reſolve, 

<lb></lb>whether the Earth (a moſt vaſt Body, and for its vicinity to us, 

<lb></lb>moſt tractable) moveth with a ſpeedy motion, ſuch as its revo­

<lb></lb>lution about its own axis in twenty four hours would be, than it 

<lb></lb>is to underſtand and reſolve, whether Generation and Corruption 

<lb></lb>ariſeth from contrariety, or elſe whether there be ſuch things as 

<lb></lb>generation, corruption and contrariety in nature. </s><s>And if you, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> can tell me what method Nature obſerves in working, 

<lb></lb>when ſhe in a very ſhort time begets an infinite number of flies 

<lb></lb>from a little vapour of the Muſt of wine, and can ſhew me which 

<lb></lb>are there the contraries you ſpeak of, what it is that corrupteth, 

<lb></lb>and how; I ſhould think you would do more than I can; for I 

<lb></lb>profeſs I cannot comprehend theſe things. </s><s>Beſides, I would ve­

<lb></lb>ry gladly underſtand how, and why theſe corruptive contraries are 

<lb></lb>ſo favourable to Daws, and ſo cruel to Doves; ſo indulgent to 

<lb></lb>Stags, and ſo haſty to Horſes, that they do grant to them many 

<lb></lb>more years of life, that is, of incorruptibility, than weeks to theſe. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Peaches and Olives are planted in the ſame ſoil, expoſed to the 

<lb></lb>ſame heat and cold, to the ſame wind and rains, and, in a word, 

<lb></lb>to the ſame contrarieties; and yet thoſe decay in a ſhort time, 

<lb></lb>and theſe live many hundred years. </s><s>Furthermore, I never was 

<lb></lb>thorowly ſatisfied about this ſubſtantial tranſmutation (ſtill keep­

<lb></lb>ing within pure natural bounds) whereby a matter becometh ſo 

<lb></lb>transform&#039;d, that it ſhould be neceſſarily ſaid to be deſtroy&#039;d, ſo 

<lb></lb>that nothing remaineth of its firſt being, and that another body 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/034.jpg" pagenum="28"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg82"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>quite differing there-from ſhould be thence produced; and if I 

<lb></lb>fancy to my ſelf a body under one aſpect, and by and by under 

<lb></lb>another very different, I cannot think it impoſſible but that it may 

<lb></lb>happen by a ſimple tranſpoſition of parts, without corrupting or 

<lb></lb>ingendring any thing a-new; for we ſee ſuch kinds of Metamor­

<lb></lb>phoſes dayly: ſo that to return to my purpoſe, I anſwer you, 

<lb></lb>that inaſmuch as you go about to perſwade me that the Earth can 

<lb></lb>not move circularly by way of corruptibility and generability, 

<lb></lb>you have undertook a much harder task than I, that with argu­

<lb></lb>ments more difficult indeed, but no leſs concluding, will prove 

<lb></lb>the contrary.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg81"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Its eaſier to prove 

<lb></lb>the Earth to move, 

<lb></lb>than that corrupti­

<lb></lb>on is made by con­

<lb></lb>traries.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg82"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Bare tranſpoſition 

<lb></lb>of parts may repre­

<lb></lb>ſent bodies under 

<lb></lb>diverſe asp cts.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Pardon me, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if I interrupt your diſcourſe, 

<lb></lb>which, as it delights me much, for that I alſo am gravel&#039;d with 

<lb></lb>the ſame doubts; ſo I fear that you can never conclude the ſame, 

<lb></lb>without altogether digreſſing from your chief deſign: therefore 

<lb></lb>if it be permitted to proceed in our firſt argument, I ſhould think 

<lb></lb>that it were convenient to remit this queſtion of generation and 

<lb></lb>corruption to another diſtinct and ſingle conference; as alſo, if 

<lb></lb>it ſhall pleaſe you and <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> we may do by other particular 

<lb></lb>queſtions which may fall in the way of our diſcourſe; which I 

<lb></lb>will keep in my mind to propoſe, and exactly diſcuſs them ſome 

<lb></lb>other time. </s><s>Now as for the preſent, ſince you ſay, that if <emph type="italics"></emph>Ari­

<lb></lb>ſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> deny circular motion to the Earth in common with other 

<lb></lb>bodies Cœleſtial, it chence will follow, that the ſame which be­

<lb></lb>falleth the Earth, as to its being generable, alterable, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will 

<lb></lb>hold alſo of Heaven, let us enquire no further if there be ſuch 

<lb></lb>things in nature, as generation and corruption, or not; but let 

<lb></lb>us return to enquire what the Globe of the Earth doth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I cannot ſuffer my ears to hear it queſtion&#039;d, whether 

<lb></lb>generation and corruption be in <emph type="italics"></emph>rerum naturà,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it being a thing 

<lb></lb>which we have continually before our eyes, and whereof <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg83"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>hath written two whole Books. </s><s>But if you go about to deny the 

<lb></lb>Principles of Sciences, and queſtion things moſt manifeſt, who 

<lb></lb>knows not, but that you may prove what you will, and maintain 

<lb></lb>any <emph type="italics"></emph>Paradox<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? </s><s>And if you do not dayly ſee herbs, plants, ani­

<lb></lb>mals to generate and corrupt, what is it that you do ſee? </s><s>Alſo, 

<lb></lb>do you not continually behold contrarieties contend together, 

<lb></lb>and the Earth change into Water, the Water turn to Air, the 

<lb></lb>Air into Fire, and again the Air to condenſe into Clouds, Rains, 

<lb></lb>Hails and Storms?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg83"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>By denying Prin­

<lb></lb>ciples in the Scien­

<lb></lb>ces, any Paradox 

<lb></lb>may be maintain­

<lb></lb>ed.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Yes, we ſee theſe things indeed, and therefore will 

<lb></lb>grant you the diſcourſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as to this part of generation 

<lb></lb>and corruption made by contraries; but if I ſhall conclude by 

<lb></lb>virtue of the ſame propoſitions which are granted to <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>that the Cœleſtial bodies themſelves are alſo generable and cor­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/035.jpg" pagenum="29"></pb>ruptible, aſwell as the Elementary, what will you ſay then?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I will ſay you have done that which is impoſſible to 

<lb></lb>be done.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Go to; tell me, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are not theſe affections 

<lb></lb>contrary to one another?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. Which?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Why theſe; Alterable, unalterable; paſſible, ^{*} impaſ­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg84"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſible; generable, ingenerable; corruptible, incorruptible?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg84"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"></emph>Or,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Impatible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>They are moſt contrary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Well then, if this be true, and it be alſo granted, 

<lb></lb>that Cœleſtial Bodies are ingenerable and incorruptible; I prove 

<lb></lb>that of neceſſity Cœleſtial Bodies muſt be generable and corru­

<lb></lb>ptible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This muſt needs be a <emph type="italics"></emph>Sophiſm.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Hear my Argument, and then cenſure and reſolve it. 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg85"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Cœleſtial Bodies, for that they are ingenerable and incorruptible, 

<lb></lb>have in Nature their contraries, which are thoſe Bodies that be 

<lb></lb>generable and corruptible; but where there is contrariety, there 

<lb></lb>is alſo generation and corruption; therefore Cœleſtial Bodies are 

<lb></lb>generable and corruptible.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg85"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Cœlestial Bodies 

<lb></lb>are generable and 

<lb></lb>corruptible, be­

<lb></lb>cauſe they are in­

<lb></lb>generable and in­

<lb></lb>corruptible.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Did I not ſay it could be no other than a <emph type="italics"></emph>Sophiſm<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? 

<lb></lb></s><s>This is one of thoſe forked Arguments called <emph type="italics"></emph>Soritæ<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: like that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg86"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Cretan,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who ſaid that all <emph type="italics"></emph>Cretans<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> were lyars; but he as 

<lb></lb>being a <emph type="italics"></emph>Cretan,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> had told a lye, in ſaying that the <emph type="italics"></emph>Cretans<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> were ly­

<lb></lb>ars; it followed therefore, that the <emph type="italics"></emph>Cretans<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> were no lyars, and 

<lb></lb>conſequently that he, as being a <emph type="italics"></emph>Cretan,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> had ſpoke truth: And 

<lb></lb>yet in ſaying the <emph type="italics"></emph>Cretans<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> were lyars, he had ſaid true, and com­

<lb></lb>prehending himſelf as a <emph type="italics"></emph>Cretan,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> he muſt conſequently be a lyar. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And thus in theſe kinds of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sophiſms<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a man may dwell to eternity, 

<lb></lb>and never come to any concluſion.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg86"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The forked Syllo­

<lb></lb>giſm cal&#039;d<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">Ξωρίτης.</foreign></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You have hitherto cenſured it, it remaineth now that 

<lb></lb>you anſwer it, ſhewing the fallacie.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>As to the reſolving of it, and finding out its fallacie, 

<lb></lb>do you not in the firſt place ſee a manifeſt contradiction in it? 

<lb></lb></s><s>Cœleſtial Bodies are ingenerable and incorruptible; <emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Cœle­

<lb></lb>ſtial Bodies are generable and corruptible. </s><s>And again, the con­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg87"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>trariety is not betwixt the Cœleſtial Bodies, but betwixt the E­

<lb></lb>lements, which have the contrariety of the Motions, <emph type="italics"></emph>ſurſùm<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>deorſùm,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and of levity and gravity; But the Heavens which move 

<lb></lb>circularly, to which motion no other motion is contrary, want 

<lb></lb>contrariety, and therefore they are incorruptible.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg87"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Amongſt Cœleſtial 

<lb></lb>Bodies there is no 

<lb></lb>contrariety.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Fair and ſoftly, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; this contrariety whereby 

<lb></lb>you ſay ſome ſimple Bodies become corruptible, reſides it in the 

<lb></lb>ſame Body which is corrupted, or elſe hath it relation to ſome o­

<lb></lb>other? </s><s>I ſay, for example, the humidity by which a piece of Earth 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/036.jpg" pagenum="30"></pb>is corrupted, reſides it in the ſame Earth or in ſome other bodie, 

<lb></lb>which muſt either be the Air or Water? </s><s>I believe you will grant, 

<lb></lb>that like as the Motions upwards and downwards, and gravity 

<lb></lb>and levity, which you make the firſt contraries, cannot be in the 

<lb></lb>ſame Subject, ſo neither can moiſt and dry, hot and cold: you 

<lb></lb>muſt therefore conſequently acknowledg that when a bodie cor­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg88"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>rupteth, it is occaſioned by ſome quality reſiding in another con­

<lb></lb>trary to its own: therefore to make the Cœleſtial Body become 

<lb></lb>corruptible, it ſufficeth that there are in Nature, bodies that have 

<lb></lb>a contrariety to that Cœleſtial body; and ſuch are the Elements, 

<lb></lb>if it be true that corruptibility be contrary to incorruptibility.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg88"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Contraries which 

<lb></lb>are the cauſes of 

<lb></lb>corruption, reſide 

<lb></lb>not in the ſame bo­

<lb></lb>dy that corrupteth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This ſufficeth not, Sir; The Elements alter and cor­

<lb></lb>rupt, becauſe they are intermixed, and are joyn&#039;d to one another, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg89"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>and ſo may exerciſe their contrariety; but Cœleſtial bodies are 

<lb></lb>ſeparated from the Elements, by which they are not ſo much as 

<lb></lb>toucht, though indeed they have an influence upon the Elements. 

<lb></lb></s><s>It is requiſite, if you will prove generation and corruption in Cœ­

<lb></lb>leſtial bodies, that you ſhew, that there reſides contrarieties be­

<lb></lb>tween them.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg89"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Cœleſtial Bodies 

<lb></lb>touch, but are not 

<lb></lb>touched by the E­

<lb></lb>lements.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>See how I will find thoſe contrarieties between them. 

<lb></lb></s><s>The firſt fountain from whence you derive the contrariety of the 

<lb></lb>Elements, is the contrariety of their motions upwards and down­

<lb></lb>wards: it therefore is neceſſary that thoſe Principles be in like 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg90"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>manner contraries to each other, upon which thoſe motions de­

<lb></lb>pend. </s><s>and becauſe that is moveable upwards by lightneſs, 

<lb></lb>and this downwards by gravitv, it is neceſſary that lightneſs and 

<lb></lb>gravity are contrary to each other: no leſs are we to believe thoſe 

<lb></lb>other Principles to be contraries, which are the cauſes that this is 

<lb></lb>heavy, and that light: but by your own confeſſion, levity and 

<lb></lb>gravity follow as conſequents of rarity and denſity; therefore 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg91"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>rarity and denſity ſhall be contraries: the which conditions or 

<lb></lb>affections are ſo amply found in Cœleſtial bodies, that you e­

<lb></lb>ſteem the ſtars to be onely more denſe parts of their Heaven: 

<lb></lb>and if this be ſo, it followeth that the denſity of the ſtars exceeds 

<lb></lb>that of the reſt of Heaven, by almoſt infinite degrees: 

<lb></lb>which is manifeſt, in that Heaven is infinitely tranſparent, and 

<lb></lb>the ſtars extremely opacous; and for that there are there above 

<lb></lb>no other qualities, but more and leſs denſity and rarity, which 

<lb></lb>may be cauſes of the greater or leſs tranſparency. </s><s>There being 

<lb></lb>then ſuch contrariety between the Cœleftial bodies, it is neceſſary 

<lb></lb>that they alſo be generable and corruptible, in the ſame manner 

<lb></lb>as the Elementary bodies are; or elſe that contrariety is not the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg92"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>cauſe of corruptibility, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg90"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Gravity &amp; levity, 

<lb></lb>varity and denſity, 

<lb></lb>are contrary qua­

<lb></lb>lities.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg91"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſtars infinitely 

<lb></lb>ſurpaſs the ſub­

<lb></lb>ſtance of the reſt of 

<lb></lb>Heaven in denſity.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg92"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Rarity &amp; denſity 

<lb></lb>in Cœleſtial bodies, 

<lb></lb>is different from 

<lb></lb>the rarity &amp; den­

<lb></lb>ſity of the elements.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>There is no neceſſity either of one or the other, for 

<lb></lb>that denſity and rarity in Cœleſtial bodies, are not contraries to 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/037.jpg" pagenum="31"></pb>each other, as in Elementary bodies; for that they depend not 

<lb></lb>on the primary qualities, cold and heat, which are contraries; but 

<lb></lb>on the more or leſs matter in proportion to quantity: now much 

<lb></lb>and little, ſpeak onely a relative oppoſition, that is, the leaſt of 

<lb></lb>oppoſitions, and which hath nothing to do with generation and 

<lb></lb>corruption.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Therefore affirming, that denſity and rarity, which a­

<lb></lb>mongſt the Elements ſhould be the cauſe of gravity and levity, 

<lb></lb>which may be the cauſes of contrary motions <emph type="italics"></emph>ſurſùm<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>deor­

<lb></lb>ſùm,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> on which, again, dependeth the contrarieties for generation 

<lb></lb>and corruption; it ſufficeth not that they be thoſe denſneſſes and 

<lb></lb>rareneſſes which under the ſame quantity, or (if you will) maſs 

<lb></lb>contain much or little matter, but it is neceſſary that they be denſ­

<lb></lb>neſſes and rareneſſes cauſed by the primary qualities, hot and 

<lb></lb>cold, otherwiſe they would operate nothing at all: but if this be 

<lb></lb>ſo, <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath deceived us, for that he ſhould have told it us at 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg93"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>firſt, and ſo have left written that thoſe ſimple bodies are gene­

<lb></lb>rable and corruptible, that are moveable with ſimple motions 

<lb></lb>upwards and downwards, dependent on levity and gravity, cau­

<lb></lb>ſed by rarity and denſity, made by much or little matter, by 

<lb></lb>reaſon of heat and cold; and not to have ſtaid at the ſimple mo­

<lb></lb>tion <emph type="italics"></emph>ſurſùm<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>deorſùm<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: for I aſſure you that to the making 

<lb></lb>of bodies heavy or light, whereby they come to be moved with 

<lb></lb>contrary motions, any kind of denſity and rarity ſufficeth, whe­

<lb></lb>ther it proceed from heat and cold, or what elſe you pleaſe; for 

<lb></lb>heat and cold have nothing to do in this affair: and you ſhall 

<lb></lb>upon experiment find, that a red hot iron, which you muſt grant 

<lb></lb>to have heat, weigheth as much, and moves in the ſame manner 

<lb></lb>as when it is cold. </s><s>But to overpaſs this alſo, how know you but 

<lb></lb>that Cœleſtial rarity and denſity depend on heat and cold?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg93"></margin.target>Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>defective 

<lb></lb>in aſſigning the 

<lb></lb>cauſes why the ele­

<lb></lb>ments are genera­

<lb></lb>ble &amp; corruptible.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I know it, becauſe thoſe qualities are not amongſt 

<lb></lb>Cœleſtial bodies, which are neither hot nor cold.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I ſee we are again going about to engulph our ſelves in 

<lb></lb>a bottomleſs ocean, where there is no getting to ſhore; for this 

<lb></lb>is a Navigation without Compaſs, Stars, Oars or Rudder: ſo that 

<lb></lb>it will follow either that we be forced to paſs from Shelf to Shelf, 

<lb></lb>or run on ground, or to ſail continually in danger of being loſt. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Therefore, if according to your advice we ſhall proceed in our 

<lb></lb>main deſign, we muſt of neceſſity for the preſent overpaſs this 

<lb></lb>general conſideration, whether direct motion be neceſſary in Na­

<lb></lb>ture, and agree with ſome bodies; and come to the particular 

<lb></lb>demonſtrations, obſervations and experiments; propounding in 

<lb></lb>the firſt place all thoſe that have been hitherto alledged by <emph type="italics"></emph>Ari­

<lb></lb>ſtotle, Ptolomey,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and others, to prove the ſtability of the Earth, en­

<lb></lb>deavouring in the next place to anſwer them: and producing in 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/038.jpg" pagenum="32"></pb>the laſt place, thoſe, by which others may be perſwaded, that the 

<lb></lb>Earth is no leſs than the Moon, or any other Planet to be num­

<lb></lb>bered amongſt natural bodies that move circularly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I ſhall the more willingly incline to this, in that I am 

<lb></lb>better ſatisfied with your Architectonical and general diſcourſe, 

<lb></lb>than with that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for yours convinceth me without the 

<lb></lb>leaſt ſcruple, and the other at every ſtep croſſeth my way with 

<lb></lb>ſome block. </s><s>And I ſee no reaſon why <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhould not be 

<lb></lb>preſently ſatisfied with the Argument you alledg, to prove that 

<lb></lb>there can be no ſuch thing in nature as a motion by a right line, 

<lb></lb>if we do but preſuppoſe that the parts of the Univerſe are diſpo­

<lb></lb>ſed in an excellent conſtitution and perfect order.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Stay a little, good <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for juſt now a way comes 

<lb></lb>into my mind, how I may give <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſatisfaction, provided 

<lb></lb>that he will not be ſo ſtrictly wedded to every expreſſion of <emph type="italics"></emph>A­

<lb></lb>riſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as to hold it hereſie to recede in any thing from him. </s><s>Nor 

<lb></lb>is there any queſtion to be made, but that if we grant the excel­

<lb></lb>lent diſpoſition and perfect order of the parts of the Univerſe, 

<lb></lb>as to local ſcituation, that then there is no other but the circular 

<lb></lb>motion, and reſt; for as to the motion by a right line, I ſee not 

<lb></lb>how it can be of uſe for any thing, but to reduce to their natural 

<lb></lb>conſtitution, ſome integral bodies, that by ſome accident were re­

<lb></lb>mov&#039;d and ſeparated from their whole, as we ſaid above.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Let us now conſider the whole Terreſtrial Globe, and enquire 

<lb></lb>the beſt we can, whether it, and the other Mundane bodies are to 

<lb></lb>conſerve themſelves in their perfect and natural diſpoſition. </s><s>It 

<lb></lb>is neceſſary to ſay, either that it reſts and keeps perpetually im­

<lb></lb>moveable in its place; or elſe that continuing always in its place, 

<lb></lb>it revolves in its ſelf; or that it turneth about a Centre, moving 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg94"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>by the circumference of a circle. </s><s>Of which accidents, both <emph type="italics"></emph>Ari­

<lb></lb>ſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomey,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and all their followers ſay, that it hath ever 

<lb></lb>obſerved, and ſhall continually keep the firſt, that is, a perpetual 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg95"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>reſt in the ſame place. </s><s>Now, why, I pray you, ought they not 

<lb></lb>to have ſaid, that its natural affection is to reſt immoveable, ra­

<lb></lb>ther than to make natural unto it the motion ^{*} downwards, with 

<lb></lb>which motion it never did or ſhall move? </s><s>And as to the motion 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg96"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>by a right line, they muſt grant us that Nature maketh uſe of it 

<lb></lb>to reduce the ſmall parts of the Earth, Water, Air, Fire, and every 

<lb></lb>other integral Mundane body to their <emph type="italics"></emph>Whole,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> when any of them 

<lb></lb>by chance are ſeparated, and ſo tranſported out of their proper 

<lb></lb>place; if alſo haply, ſome circular motion might not be found 

<lb></lb>to be more convenient to make this reſtitution. </s><s>In my judg­

<lb></lb>ment, this primary poſition anſwers much better, even according 

<lb></lb>to <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotles<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> own method, to all the other conſequences, than 

<lb></lb>to attribute the ſtraight motion to be an intrinſick and natural 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/039.jpg" pagenum="33"></pb>principle of the Elements. </s><s>Which is manifeſt, for that if I aske 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if, being of opinion that Cœleſtial bodies are 

<lb></lb>incorruptibe and eternal, he believeth that the Terreſtial Globe 

<lb></lb>is not ſo, but corruptible and mortal, ſo that there ſhall come a 

<lb></lb>time, when the Sun and Moon and other Stars, continuing their 

<lb></lb>beings and operations, the Earth ſhall not be found in the 

<lb></lb>World, but ſhall with the reſt of the Elements be deſtroyed 

<lb></lb>and annihilated, I am certain that he would anſwer me, no: 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg97"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>therefore generation and corruption is in the parts and not in the 

<lb></lb>whole; and in the parts very ſmall and ſuperficial, which are, 

<lb></lb>as it were, incenſible in compariſon of the whole maſſe. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>becauſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> deduceth generation and corruption from the 

<lb></lb>contrariety of ſtreight motions, let us remit ſuch motions to the 

<lb></lb>parts, which onely change and decay, and to the whole Globe 

<lb></lb>and Sphere of the Elements, let us aſcribe either the circular mo­

<lb></lb>tion, or a perpetual conſiſtance in its proper place: the only 

<lb></lb>affections apt for perpetuation, and maintaining of perfect order. 

<lb></lb></s><s>This which is ſpoken of the Earth, may be ſaid with the ſame 

<lb></lb>reaſon of Fire, and of the greateſt part of the Air; to which 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg98"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Elements, the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are forced to aſcribe for intrinſical 

<lb></lb>and natural, a motion wherewith they were never yet moved, 

<lb></lb>nor never ſhall be; and to call that motion preternatural to them, 

<lb></lb>wherewith, if they move at all, they do and ever ſhall move. 

<lb></lb></s><s>This I ſay, becauſe they aſſign to the Air aud Fire the motion 

<lb></lb>upwards, wherewith thoſe Elements were never moved, but 

<lb></lb>only ſome parts of them, and thoſe were ſo moved onely in or­

<lb></lb>der to the recovery of their perfect conſtitution, when they were 

<lb></lb>out of their natural places; and on the contrary they call the 

<lb></lb>circular motion preternatural to them, though they are thereby 

<lb></lb>inceſſantly moved: forgeting, as it ſeemeth, what <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> oft in­

<lb></lb>culcateth, that nothing violent can be permanent.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg94"></margin.target>Ariſt. <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ptolomey 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>make the Terre­

<lb></lb>strial Globe immo­

<lb></lb>veable.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg95"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is better to ſay, 

<lb></lb>that the Terreſtri­

<lb></lb>al Globe naturally 

<lb></lb>resteth, than that 

<lb></lb>it moveth directly 

<lb></lb>downwards.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg96"></margin.target>*The word is, <emph type="italics"></emph>all&#039; 

<lb></lb>ingiù,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which the 

<lb></lb>Latine verſion ren­

<lb></lb>dreth <emph type="italics"></emph>ſurſùm,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>which is quite con­

<lb></lb>trary to the Au­

<lb></lb>thors ſenſe.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg97"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Right Motion 

<lb></lb>with more reaſon 

<lb></lb>attributed to the 

<lb></lb>parts, than to the 

<lb></lb>whole Elements.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg98"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Peripateticks 

<lb></lb>improperly aſſign 

<lb></lb>thoſe motious to 

<lb></lb>the Elements for 

<lb></lb>Natural, with 

<lb></lb>which they never 

<lb></lb>were moved, and 

<lb></lb>thoſe for Preter­

<lb></lb>natural with which 

<lb></lb>they alwayes are 

<lb></lb>moved.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>To all theſe we have very pertinent anſwers, which 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg99"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>I for this time omit, that we may come to the more particular 

<lb></lb>reaſons, and ſenſible experiments, which ought in concluſion to 

<lb></lb>be oppoſed, as <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſaitn well, to whatever humane reaſon 

<lb></lb>can preſent us with.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg99"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Senſible experi­

<lb></lb>ments to be prefer­

<lb></lb>red to humane 

<lb></lb>Arguments.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>What hath been ſpoken hitherto, ſerves to clear up 

<lb></lb>unto us which of the two general diſcourſes carrieth with it moſt 

<lb></lb>of probability, I mean that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which would perſwade 

<lb></lb>us, that the ſublunary bodies are by nature generable, and corru­

<lb></lb>ptible, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and therefore moſt different from the eſſence of Cœ­

<lb></lb>leftial bodies, which are impaſſible, ingenerable, incorruptible, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> drawn from the diverſity of ſimple motions; or elſe this of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who ſuppoſing the integral parts of the World to be 

<lb></lb>diſpoſed in a perfect conſtitution, excludes by neceſſary confe­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/040.jpg" pagenum="34"></pb>quence the right or ſtraight motion of ſimple natural bodies, as 

<lb></lb>being of no uſe in nature, and eſteems the Earth it ſelf alſo to 

<lb></lb>be one of the Cœleſtial bodies adorn&#039;d with all the prerogatives 

<lb></lb>that agree with them; which laſt diſcourſe is hitherto much 

<lb></lb>more likely, in my judgment, than that other. </s><s>Therefore re­

<lb></lb>ſolve, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to produce all the particular reaſons, experi­

<lb></lb>ments and obſervations, as well Natural as Aſtronomical, that 

<lb></lb>may ſerve to perſwade us that the Earth differeth from the Cœ­

<lb></lb>leſtial bodies, is immoveable, and ſituated in the Centre of the 

<lb></lb>World, and what ever elſe excludes its moving like to the Planets, 

<lb></lb>as <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or the <emph type="italics"></emph>Moon, &amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will be pleaſed to 

<lb></lb>be ſo civil as to anſwer to them one by one.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>See here for a beginning, two moſt convincing Argu­

<lb></lb>ments to demonſtrate the Earth to be moſt different from the 

<lb></lb>Cœleſtial bodies. </s><s>Firſt, the bodies that are generable, corru­

<lb></lb>ptible, alterable, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are quite different from thoſe that are in­

<lb></lb>generable, incorruptible, unalterable, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> But the Earth is ge­

<lb></lb>nerable, corruptible, alterable, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the Cœleſtial bodies in­

<lb></lb>generable, incorruptible, unalterable, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Therefore the Earth 

<lb></lb>is quite different from the Cœleſtial bodies.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>By your firſt Argument you ſpread the Table with the 

<lb></lb>ſame Viands, which but juſt now with much adoe were voided.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Hold a little, Sir, and take the reſt along with you, 

<lb></lb>and then tell me if this be not different from what you had be­

<lb></lb>fore. </s><s>In the former, the <emph type="italics"></emph>Minor<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> was proved <emph type="italics"></emph>à priori,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> &amp; now you ſee 

<lb></lb>it proved <emph type="italics"></emph>à poſteriori:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Judg then if it be the ſame. </s><s>I prove the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Minor,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> therefore (the <emph type="italics"></emph>Major<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> being moſt manifeſt) by ſenſible ex­

<lb></lb>perience, which ſhews us that in the Earth there are made conti­

<lb></lb>nual generations, corruptions, alterations, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which neither our 

<lb></lb>ſenſes, nor the traditions or memories of our Anceſtors, ever ſaw 

<lb></lb>an inſtance of in Heaven; therefore Heaven is unalterable, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg100"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>and the Earth alterable, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and therefore different from Hea­

<lb></lb>ven. </s><s>I take my ſecond Argument from a principal and eſſential 

<lb></lb>accident, and it is this. </s><s>That body which is by its nature ob­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg101"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſcure and deprived of light, is divers from the luminous and ſhi­

<lb></lb>ning bodies; but the Earth is obſcure and void of light, and the 

<lb></lb>Cœleſtial bodies ſplendid, and full of light; <emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo, &amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Anſwer 

<lb></lb>to theſe Arguments firſt, that we may not heap up too many, 

<lb></lb>and then I will alledge others.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg100"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Heaven immuta­

<lb></lb>ble, becauſe there 

<lb></lb>never was any mu­

<lb></lb>tation ſeen in it.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg101"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Bodies naturally 

<lb></lb>lucid, are different 

<lb></lb>from thoſe which 

<lb></lb>are by nature ob­

<lb></lb>ſcure.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>As to the firſt, the ſtreſſe whereof you lay upon ex­

<lb></lb>perience, I deſire that you would a little more diſtinctly produce 

<lb></lb>me the alteration which you ſee made in the Earth, and not in 

<lb></lb>Heaven; upon which you call the Earth alterable, and the Hea­

<lb></lb>vens not ſo.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I ſee in the Earth, plants and animals continually ge­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/041.jpg" pagenum="35"></pb>nerating and decaying; winds, rains, tempeſts, ſtorms ariſing; and 

<lb></lb>in a word, the aſpect of the Earth to be perpetually metamorpho­

<lb></lb>ſing; none of which mutations are to be diſcern&#039;d in the Cœleſtial 

<lb></lb>bodies; the conſtitution and figuration of which is moſt punctu­

<lb></lb>ally conformable to that they ever were time out of mind; without 

<lb></lb>the generation of any thing that is new, or corruption of any thing 

<lb></lb>that was old.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But if you content your ſelf with theſe viſible, or to 

<lb></lb>ſay better, ſeen experiments, you muſt conſequently account 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>China<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>America<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Cœleſtial bodies, for doubtleſſe you never 

<lb></lb>beheld in them theſe alterations which you ſee here in <emph type="italics"></emph>Italy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>that therefore according to your apprehenſion they are inal­

<lb></lb>terable.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Though I never did ſee theſe alterations ſenfibly in 

<lb></lb>thoſe places, the relations of them are not to be queſtioned; 

<lb></lb>beſides that, <emph type="italics"></emph>cum eadem ſit ratio totius, &amp; partium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> thoſe 

<lb></lb>Countreys being a part of the Earth, as well as ours, they 

<lb></lb>muſt of neceſſity be alterable as theſe are.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And why have you not, without being put to believe 

<lb></lb>other mens relations, examined and obſerved thoſe alterations 

<lb></lb>with your own eyes?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Becauſe thoſe places, beſides that they are not ex­

<lb></lb>poſed to our eyes, are ſo remote, that our ſight cannot reach 

<lb></lb>to comprehend therein ſuch like mutations.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>See now, how you have unawares diſcovered the falla­

<lb></lb>cy of your Argument; for, if you ſay that the alterations that 

<lb></lb>are ſeen on the Earth neer at hand, cannot, by reaſon of the too 

<lb></lb>great diſtance, be ſeen in <emph type="italics"></emph>America,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> much leſſe can you ſee them 

<lb></lb>in the Moon, which is ſo many hundred times more remote: 

<lb></lb>And if you believe the alterations in <emph type="italics"></emph>Mexico<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> upon the report of 

<lb></lb>thoſe that come from thence, what intelligence have you from 

<lb></lb>the Moon, to aſſure you that there is no ſuch alterations in it? 

<lb></lb></s><s>Therefore, from your not ſeeing any alterations in Heaven, 

<lb></lb>whereas, if there were any ſuch, you could not ſee them by rea­

<lb></lb>ſon of their too great diſtance, and from your not having intel­

<lb></lb>ligence thereof, in regard that it cannot be had, you ought not 

<lb></lb>to argue, that there are no ſuch alterations; howbeit, from the 

<lb></lb>ſeeing and obſerving of them on Earth, you well argue that 

<lb></lb>therein ſuch there are.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I will ſhew ſo great mutations that have befaln on 

<lb></lb>the Earth; that if any ſuch had happened in the Moon, they 

<lb></lb>might very well have been obſerved here below. </s><s>We find in 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg102"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>very antient records, that heretofore at the Streights of <emph type="italics"></emph>Gibraltar,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>the two great Mountains <emph type="italics"></emph>Abila,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Calpen,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> were continued to­

<lb></lb>gether by certain other leſſe Mountains which there gave check 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/042.jpg" pagenum="36"></pb>to the Ocean: but thoſe Hills, being by ſome cauſe or other ſe­

<lb></lb>parated, and a way being opened to the Sea to break in, it made 

<lb></lb>ſuch an inundation, that it gave occaſion to the calling of it ſince 

<lb></lb>the Mid-land Sea: the greatneſs whereof conſidered, and the di­

<lb></lb>vers aſpect the ſurface of the Water and Earth then made, had it 

<lb></lb>been beheld afar off, there is no doubt but ſo great a change 

<lb></lb>might have been diſcerned by one that was then in the Moon; 

<lb></lb>as alſo to us inhabitants of the Earth, the like alterations would 

<lb></lb>be perceived in the Moon; but we find not in antiquity, that e­

<lb></lb>ver there was ſuch a thing ſeen; therefore we have no cauſe to 

<lb></lb>ſay, that any of the Cœleſtial bodies are alterable, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg102"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Mediterr ani­

<lb></lb>an Sea made by the 

<lb></lb>ſeparation of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Abi­

<lb></lb>la <emph type="italics"></emph>and<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Calpen.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>That ſo great alterations have hapned in the Moon, I 

<lb></lb>dare not ſay, but for all that, I am not yet certain but that ſuch 

<lb></lb>changes might occur; and becauſe ſuch a mutation could onely 

<lb></lb>repreſent unto us ſome kind of variation between the more clear, 

<lb></lb>and more obſcure parts of the Moon, I know not whether we 

<lb></lb>have had on Earth obſervant Selenographers, who have for any 

<lb></lb>conſiderable number of years, inſtructed us with ſo exact Seleno­

<lb></lb>graphy, as that we ſhould confidently conclude, that there hath 

<lb></lb>no ſuch change hapned in the face of the Moon; of the figura­

<lb></lb>tion of which I find no more particular deſcription, than the ſay­

<lb></lb>ing of ſome, that it repreſents an humane face; of others, that 

<lb></lb>it is like the muzzle of a lyon; and of others, that it is <emph type="italics"></emph>Cain<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with 

<lb></lb>a bundle of thorns on his back: therefore, to ſay Heaven is un­

<lb></lb>alterable, becauſe that in the Moon, or other Cœleſtial bodies, no 

<lb></lb>ſuch alterations are ſeen, as diſcover themſelves on Earth, is a bad 

<lb></lb>illation, and concludeth nothing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And there is another odd kind of ſcruple in this Argu­

<lb></lb>ment of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> running in my mind, which I would gladly 

<lb></lb>have anſwered; therefore I demand of him, whether the Earth 

<lb></lb>before the Mediterranian inundation was generable and corrupti­

<lb></lb>ble, or elſe began then ſo to be?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It was doubtleſs generable and corruptible alſo be­

<lb></lb>fore that time; but that was ſo vaſt a mutation, that it might 

<lb></lb>have been obſerved as far as the Moon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Go to; if the Earth was generable and corruptible 

<lb></lb>before that Inundation, why may not the Moon be ſo like­

<lb></lb>wiſe without ſuch a change? </s><s>Or why ſhould that be neceſſary 

<lb></lb>in the Moon, which importeth nothing on Earth?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is a ſhrewd queſtion: But I am doubtfull that <emph type="italics"></emph>Sim­

<lb></lb>plicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a little altereth the Text of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the other <emph type="italics"></emph>Peri­

<lb></lb>patelicks,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who ſay, they hold the Heavens unalterable, for that 

<lb></lb>they ſee therein no one ſtar generate or corrupt, which is proba­

<lb></lb>bly a leſs part of Heaven, than a City is of the Earth, and yet 

<lb></lb>innumerable of theſe have been deſtroyed, ſo as that no mark of 

<lb></lb>them hath remain&#039;d.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/043.jpg" pagenum="37"></pb><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I verily believed otherwiſe, and conceited that <emph type="italics"></emph>Sim­

<lb></lb>plicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> diſſembled this expoſition of the Text, that he might not 

<lb></lb>charge his Maſter and Conſectators, with a notion more abſurd 

<lb></lb>than the former. </s><s>And what a folly it is to ſay the Cœleſtial 

<lb></lb>part is unalterable, becauſe no ſtars do generate or corrupt there­

<lb></lb>in? </s><s>What then? </s><s>hath any ſeen a Terreſtrial Globe corrupt, and 

<lb></lb>another regenerate in its place? </s><s>And yet is it not on all hands 

<lb></lb>granted by Philoſophers, that there are very few ſtars in Heaven 

<lb></lb>leſs than the Earth, but very many that are much bigger? </s><s>So 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg103"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that for a ſtar in Heaven to corrupt, would be no leſs than if the 

<lb></lb>whole Terreſtrial Globe ſhould be deſtroy&#039;d. </s><s>Therefore, if for 

<lb></lb>the true proof of generation and corruption in the Univerſe, it be 

<lb></lb>neceſſary that ſo vaſt bodies as a ſtar, muſt corrupt and regene­

<lb></lb>rate, you may ſatisfie your ſelf and ceaſe your opinion; for I 

<lb></lb>aſſure you, that you ſhall never ſee the Terreſtrial Globe or any 

<lb></lb>other integral body of the World, to corrupt or decay ſo, that 

<lb></lb>having been beheld by us for ſo many years paſt, they ſhould ſo 

<lb></lb>diſſolve, as not to leave any footſteps of them.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg103"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Its no leſs impoſſi­

<lb></lb>ble for a ſtar to 

<lb></lb>corrupt, than for 

<lb></lb>the whole Terre­

<lb></lb>ſtrial Globe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But to give <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> yet fuller ſatisfaction, and to 

<lb></lb>reclaim him, if poſſible, from his error; I affirm, that we have in 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg104"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>our age new accidents and obſervations, and ſuch, that I queſtion 

<lb></lb>not in the leaſt, but if <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> were now alive, they would make 

<lb></lb>him change his opinion; which may be eaſily collected from the 

<lb></lb>very manner of his diſcourſing: For when he writeth that he e­

<lb></lb>ſteemeth the Heavens inalterable, &amp;c. </s><s>becauſe no new thing was 

<lb></lb>ſeen to be begot therein, or any old to be diſſolved, he ſeems im­

<lb></lb>plicitely to hint unto us, that when he ſhould ſee any ſuch acci­

<lb></lb>dent, he would hold the contrary; and confront, as indeed it is 

<lb></lb>meet, ſenſible experiments to natural reaſon: for had he not 

<lb></lb>made any reckoning of the ſenſes, he would not then from the 

<lb></lb>not ſeeing of any ſenſible mutation, have argued immutability.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg104"></margin.target>Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>would 

<lb></lb>change his opinion, 

<lb></lb>did he ſee the no­

<lb></lb>velties of our age.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> deduceth his principal Argument <emph type="italics"></emph>à priori,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>ſhewing the neceſſity of the inalterability of Heaven by natural, 

<lb></lb>manifeſt and clear principles; and then ſtabliſheth the ſame <emph type="italics"></emph>à po­

<lb></lb>ſteriori,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by ſenſe, and the traditions of the antients.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This you ſpeak of is the Method he hath obſerved in 

<lb></lb>delivering his Doctrine, but I do not bethink it yet to be that 

<lb></lb>wherewith he invented it; for I do believe for certain, that he 

<lb></lb>firſt procured by help of the ſenſes, ſuch experiments and obſer­

<lb></lb>vations as he could, to aſſure him as much as it was poſſible, of the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg105"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>concluſion, and that he afterwards ſought out the means how to 

<lb></lb>demonſtrate it: For this, the uſual courſe in demonſtrative Scien­

<lb></lb>ces, and the reaſon thereof is, becauſe when the concluſion is 

<lb></lb>true, by help of reſolutive Method, one may hit upon ſome pro­

<lb></lb>poſition before demonſtrated, or come to ſome principle known 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/044.jpg" pagenum="38"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>per ſe<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; but if the concluſion be falſe, a man may proceed <emph type="italics"></emph>in in­

<lb></lb>finitum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and never meet with any truth already known; but ve­

<lb></lb>ry oft he ſhall meet with ſome impoſſibility or manifeſt abſurdi­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg106"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ty. </s><s>Nor need you queſtion but that <emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagoras<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> along time be­

<lb></lb>fore he found the demonſtration for which he offered the Heca­

<lb></lb>tomb, had been certain, that the ſquare of the ſide ſubtending 

<lb></lb>the right angle in a rectangle triangle, was equal to the ſquare of 

<lb></lb>the other two ſides: and the certainty of the concluſion condu­

<lb></lb>ced not a little to the inveſtigating of the demonſtration, un­

<lb></lb>derſtanding me alwayes to mean in demonſtrative Sciences. </s><s>But 

<lb></lb>what ever was the method of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and whether his arguing <emph type="italics"></emph>à 

<lb></lb>priori<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> preceded ſenſe <emph type="italics"></emph>à poſteriori,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or the contrary; it ſufficeth that 

<lb></lb>the ſame <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> preferreth (as hath been oft ſaid) ſenſible ex­

<lb></lb>periments before all diſcourſes; beſides, as to the Arugments <emph type="italics"></emph>à 

<lb></lb>priori<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> their force hath been already examined. </s><s>Now returning 

<lb></lb>to my purpoſed matter, I ſay, that the things in our times diſ­

<lb></lb>covered in the Heavens, are, and have been ſuch, that they may 

<lb></lb>give abſolute ſatisfaction to all Philoſophers; foraſmuch as in 

<lb></lb>the particular bodies, and in the univerſal expanſion of Heaven, 

<lb></lb>there have been, and are continually, ſeen juſt ſuch accidents as 

<lb></lb>we call generations and corruptions, being that excellent A­

<lb></lb>ſtronomers have obſerved many Comets generated and diſſolved 

<lb></lb>in parts higher than the Lunar Orb, beſides the two new Stars, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg107"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Anuo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1572, and <emph type="italics"></emph>Anno<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1604, without contradiction much higher 

<lb></lb>than all the Planets; and in the face of the Sun it ſelf, by help 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg108"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcope,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> certain denſe and obſcure ſubſtances, in ſem­

<lb></lb>blance very like to the foggs about the Earth, are ſeen to be 

<lb></lb>produced and diſſolved; and many of theſe are ſo vaſt, that 

<lb></lb>they far exceed not only the Mediterranian Streight, but all 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg109"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Affrica<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſia<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> alſo. </s><s>Now if <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> had ſeen theſe things, 

<lb></lb>what think you he would have ſaid, and done <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius?<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg105"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The certaixty of 

<lb></lb>the concluſion hel­

<lb></lb>peth by areſolutive 

<lb></lb>method to ſind the 

<lb></lb>demonstration.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg106"></margin.target>Pythagoras <emph type="italics"></emph>offered 

<lb></lb>an Hecatomb for 

<lb></lb>a Geometrical de­

<lb></lb>monſtration which 

<lb></lb>he found.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg107"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>New ſtars diſco­

<lb></lb>vered in Heaven.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg108"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Spots generate and 

<lb></lb>diſſolve in the face 

<lb></lb>of the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg109"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Solar spots are 

<lb></lb>bigger than all<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> A­

<lb></lb>ſia <emph type="italics"></emph>and<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Affrick.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I know not what <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> would have done or ſaid, 

<lb></lb>that was the great Maſter of all the Sciences, but yet I know in 

<lb></lb>part, what his Sectators do and ſay, and ought to do and ſay, 

<lb></lb>unleſſe they would deprive themſelves of their guide, leader, and 

<lb></lb>Prince in Philoſophy. </s><s>As to the Comets, are not thoſe Modern 

<lb></lb>Aſtronomers, who would make them Cœleſtial, convinced by 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg110"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the ^{*}<emph type="italics"></emph>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> yea, and overcome with their own weapons, I 

<lb></lb>mean by way of Paralaxes and Calculations, every way tryed, 

<lb></lb>concluding at the laſt in favour of <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that they are all 

<lb></lb>Elementary? </s><s>And this being overthrown, which was as it were 

<lb></lb>their foundation, have theſe Novelliſts any thing more where­

<lb></lb>with to maintain their aſſertion?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg110"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomers con­

<lb></lb>futed by<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Anti-Ty­

<lb></lb>cho.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Hold a little, good <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> this modern Author, 

<lb></lb>what ſaith he to the new Stars, <emph type="italics"></emph>Anno<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1572, and 1604, and to 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/045.jpg" pagenum="39"></pb>the Solar ſpots? </s><s>for as to the Comets, I for my own particular 

<lb></lb>little care to make them generated under or above the Moon; 

<lb></lb>nor did I ever put much ſtreſſe on the loquacity of <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; nor 

<lb></lb>am I hard to believe that their matter is Elementary, and that 

<lb></lb>they may elevate (ſublimate) themſelves at their pleaſure, with­

<lb></lb>out meeting with any obſtacle from the impenetrability of the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Heaven, which I hold to be far more thin, yielding, 

<lb></lb>and ſubtil than our Air; and as to the calculations of the Pa­

<lb></lb>rallaxes, firſt, the uncertainty whether Comets are ſubject to 

<lb></lb>ſuch accidents, and next, the inconſtancy of the obſervations, 

<lb></lb>upon which the computations are made, make me equally ſuſ­

<lb></lb>pect both thoſe opinions: and the rather, for that I ſee him 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg111"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>you call <emph type="italics"></emph>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſometimes ſtretch to his purpoſe, or elſe 

<lb></lb>reject thoſe obſervations which interfere with his deſign.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg111"></margin.target>Anti-Tycho <emph type="italics"></emph>wre­

<lb></lb>ſteth Aſtronomical 

<lb></lb>obſervations to his 

<lb></lb>own parpoſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>As to the new Stars, <emph type="italics"></emph>Anti-Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> extricates himſelf 

<lb></lb>finely in three or four words; ſaying, That thoſe mo­

<lb></lb>dern new Stars are no certain parts of the Cœleſtial bodies, and 

<lb></lb>that the adverſaries, if they will prove alteration and genera­

<lb></lb>tion in thoſe ſuperior bodies, muſt ſhew ſome mutations that 

<lb></lb>have been made in the Stars deſcribed ſo many ages paſt, of 

<lb></lb>which there is no doubt but that they be Cœleſtial bodies, 

<lb></lb>which they can never be able to do: Next, as to thoſe mat­

<lb></lb>ters which ſome affirm, to generate and diſſipate in the face of 

<lb></lb>the Sun, he makes no mention thereof; wherefore I conclude, 

<lb></lb>that he believed them fictious, or the illuſions of the Tube, or 

<lb></lb>at moſt, ſome petty effecs cauſed by the Air, and in brief, any 

<lb></lb>thing rather than matters Cœleſtial.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> what anſwer could you give to 

<lb></lb>the oppoſition of theſe importunate ſpots which are ſtarted up 

<lb></lb>to diſturb the Heavens, and more than that, the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Philoſophy? </s><s>It cannot be but that you, who are ſo reſolute a 

<lb></lb>Champion of it, have found ſome reply or ſolution for the 

<lb></lb>ſame, of which you ought not to deprive us.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I have heard ſundry opinions about this particular. 

<lb></lb></s><s>One ſaith: “They are Stars which in their proper Orbs, like as 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg112"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Mervury,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> revolve about the Sun, and in paſſing un­

<lb></lb>der it, repreſent themſelves to us obſcure; and for that they 

<lb></lb>are many, they oft happen to aggregate their parts together, 

<lb></lb>and afterwards ſeperate again. </s><s>Others believe them to be 

<lb></lb>aerial impreſſions; others, the illuſions of the chryſtals; and o­

<lb></lb>thers, other things: But I incline to think, yea am verily per­

<lb></lb>ſwaded, That they are an aggregate of many ſeveral opacous 

<lb></lb>bodies, as it were caſually concurrent among themſelves. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>therefore we often ſee, that in one of thoſe ſpots one may 

<lb></lb>number ten or more ſuch ſmall bodies, which are of irregu­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/046.jpg" pagenum="40"></pb>lar figures, and ſeem to us like flakes of ſnow, or flocks of 

<lb></lb>wooll, or moaths flying: they vary ſite amongſt themſelves, 

<lb></lb>and one while ſever, another while meet, and moſt of all be­

<lb></lb>neath the Sun, about which, as about their Centre, they con­

<lb></lb>tinually move. </s><s>But yet, muſt we not therefore grant, that 

<lb></lb>they are generated or diſſolved, but that at ſometimes they are 

<lb></lb>hid behind the body of the Sun, and at other times, though 

<lb></lb>remote from it, yet are they not ſeen for the vicinity of the 

<lb></lb>immeaſurable light of the Sun; in regard that in the eccentrick 

<lb></lb>Orb of the Sun, there is conſtituted, as it were, an Onion, com­

<lb></lb>poſed of many folds one within another, each of which, being 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg113"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>^{*}ſtudded with certain ſmall ſpots, doth move; and albeit their 

<lb></lb>motion at firſt ſeemeth inconſtant and irregular, yet neverthe­

<lb></lb>leſſe, it is ſaid at laſt, to be obſerved that the very ſame ſpots, 

<lb></lb>as before,” do within a determinate time return again. </s><s>This 

<lb></lb>ſeemeth to me the fitteſt anſwer that hath been found to aſſigne 

<lb></lb>a reaſon of that ſame appearance, and withal to maintain the 

<lb></lb>incorruptability and ingenerability of the Heavens; and if this 

<lb></lb>doth not ſuffice; there wants not more elevated wits, which will 

<lb></lb>give you other, more convincing.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg112"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Sundry opinions 

<lb></lb>touching the Solar 

<lb></lb>ſpots.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg113"></margin.target>* The Original 

<lb></lb>ſaith [<emph type="italics"></emph>tempeſtata ſi 

<lb></lb>muove<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>] which the 

<lb></lb>Latine Tranſlati­

<lb></lb>on, (Miſtaking 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Tempectata,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> aword 

<lb></lb>in Heraldry, for 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Tempeſtato,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>) ren­

<lb></lb>dereth [<emph type="italics"></emph>incitata 

<lb></lb>movetur<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>] which 

<lb></lb>ſignifieth a violent 

<lb></lb>tranſportmeut, as 

<lb></lb>in a ſtorm, that of 

<lb></lb>a Ship.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If this of which we diſpute, were ſome point of Law, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg114"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>or other part of the Studies called <emph type="italics"></emph>Humanity,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> wherein there is 

<lb></lb>neither truth nor falſhood, if we will give ſufficient credit to 

<lb></lb>the acuteneſſe of the wit, readineſſe of anſwers, and the gene­

<lb></lb>ral practice of Writers, then he who moſt aboundeth in theſe, 

<lb></lb>makes his reaſon more probable and plauſible; but in Natural 

<lb></lb>Sciences, the concluſions of which are true and neceſſary, and 

<lb></lb>wherewith the judgment of men hath nothing to do, one is to 

<lb></lb>be more cautious how he goeth about to maintain any thing that 

<lb></lb>is falſe; for a man but of an ordinary wit, if it be his good for­

<lb></lb>tune to be of the right ſide, may lay a thouſand <emph type="italics"></emph>Demoſthenes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>a thouſand <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotles<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> at his feet. </s><s>Therefore reject thoſe hopes 

<lb></lb>and conceits, wherewith you flatter your ſelf, that there can be 

<lb></lb>any men ſo much more learned, read, and verſed in Authors, 

<lb></lb>than we, that in deſpite of nature, they ſhould be able to 

<lb></lb>make that become true, which is falſe. </s><s>And ſeeing that of all 

<lb></lb>the opinions that have been hitherto alledged touching the eſ­

<lb></lb>ſence of theſe Solar ſpots, this inſtanced in by you, is in your 

<lb></lb>judgment the trueſt, it followeth (if this be ſo) that all the reſt 

<lb></lb>are falſe; and to deliver you from this alſo, which doubtleſſe is a 

<lb></lb>moſt falſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Chimœra,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> over-paſſing infinite other improbabilities 

<lb></lb>that are therein, I ſhall propoſe againſt it onely two experiments; 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg115"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>one is, that many of thoſe ſpots are ſeen to ariſe in the midſt of 

<lb></lb>the Solar ring, and many likewiſe to diſſolve and vaniſh at a great 

<lb></lb>diſtance from the circumference of the Sun; a neceſſary Argu­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/047.jpg" pagenum="41"></pb>ment that they generate and diſſolve; for if without generating 

<lb></lb>or corrrupting, they ſhould appear there by onely local motion, 

<lb></lb>they would all be ſeen to enter, and paſs out by the extreme cir­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg116"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>cumference. </s><s>The other obſervation to ſuch as are not ſituate in 

<lb></lb>the loweſt degree of ignorance in Perſpective, by the mutation 

<lb></lb>of the appearing figures, and by the apparent mutations of the 

<lb></lb>velocity of motion is neceſſarily concluding, that the ſpots are 

<lb></lb>contiguous to the body of the Sun, and that touching its ſuperfi­

<lb></lb>cies, they move either with it or upon it, and that they in no wiſe 

<lb></lb>move in circles remote from the ſame. </s><s>The motion proves 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg117"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>it, which towards the circumference of the Solar Circle, 

<lb></lb>appeareth very ſlow, and towards the midſt, more ſwift; the fi­

<lb></lb>gures of the ſpots confirmeth it, which towards the circumference 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg118"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>appear exceeding narrow in compariſon of that which they ſeem 

<lb></lb>to be in the parts nearer the middle; and this becauſe in the 

<lb></lb>midſt they are ſeen in their full luſter, and as they truly be; and 

<lb></lb>towards the circumference by reaſon of the convexity of the glo­

<lb></lb>bous ſuperficies, they ſeem more compreſſ&#039;d: And both theſe 

<lb></lb>diminutions of figure and motion, to ſuch as know how to obſerve 

<lb></lb>and calculate them exactly, preciſely anſwer to that which ſhould 

<lb></lb>appear, the ſpots being contiguous to the Sun, and differ irrecon­

<lb></lb>cileably from a motion in circles remote, though but for ſmal 

<lb></lb>intervalls from the body of the Sun; as hath been diffuſely de­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg119"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>monſtrated by our ^{*} Friend, in his Letters about the Solar ſpots, 

<lb></lb>to <emph type="italics"></emph>Marcus Velſerus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> It may be gathered from the ſame muta­

<lb></lb>tion of figure, that none of them are ſtars, or other bodies of 

<lb></lb>ſpherical figure; for that amongſt all figures the ſphere never 

<lb></lb>appeareth compreſſed, nor can ever be repreſented but onely per­

<lb></lb>fectly round; and thus in caſe any particular ſpot were a round 

<lb></lb>body, as all the ſtars are held to be, the ſaid roundneſs would as 

<lb></lb>well appear in the midſt of the Solar ring, as when the ſpot is near 

<lb></lb>the extreme: whereas, its ſo great compreſſion, and ſhewing its 

<lb></lb>ſelf ſo ſmall towards the extreme, and contrariwiſe, ſpatious and 

<lb></lb>large towards the middle, aſſureth us, that theſe ſpots are flat 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg120"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>plates of ſmall thickneſs or depth, in compariſon of their length 

<lb></lb>and breadth. </s><s>Laſtly, whereas you ſay that the ſpots after their 

<lb></lb>determinate periods are obſerved to return to their former aſpect, 

<lb></lb>believe it not, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for he that told you ſo, will deceive 

<lb></lb>you; and that I ſpeak the truth, you may obſerve them to be hid 

<lb></lb>in the face of the Sun far from the circumference; nor hath your 

<lb></lb>Obſervator told you a word of that compreſſion, which neceſſa­

<lb></lb>rily argueth them to be contiguous to the Sun. </s><s>That which he 

<lb></lb>tells you of the return of the ſaid ſpots, is nothing elſe but what 

<lb></lb>is read in the forementioned Letters, namely, that ſome of them 

<lb></lb>may ſometimes ſo happen that are of ſo long a duration, that 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/048.jpg" pagenum="42"></pb>they cannot be diſſipated by one ſole converſion about the Sun, 

<lb></lb>which is accompliſhed in leſs than a moneth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg114"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>In natural Sci­

<lb></lb>ences, the art of 

<lb></lb>Oratory is of no 

<lb></lb>force.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg115"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An Argument 

<lb></lb>that neceſſarily 

<lb></lb>proveth the Solar 

<lb></lb>ſpots to generate 

<lb></lb>and diſſolwe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg116"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A concluſive de­

<lb></lb>monſtration, that 

<lb></lb>the ſpots are conti­

<lb></lb>guous to the body 

<lb></lb>of the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg117"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motion of the 

<lb></lb>spots towards the 

<lb></lb>circumference of 

<lb></lb>the Sun appears 

<lb></lb>ſlow.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg118"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The figure of the 

<lb></lb>spots appears nar­

<lb></lb>row towards the 

<lb></lb>circumference of 

<lb></lb>the Suns<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> diſcus, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp; 

<lb></lb>why.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg119"></margin.target>* Under this word 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Friend,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as alſo that 

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Academick, &amp; 

<lb></lb>Common Friend, 

<lb></lb>Galilœus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> modeſtly 

<lb></lb>conceals himſelf 

<lb></lb>throughout theſe 

<lb></lb>Dialogues.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg120"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Solar spots 

<lb></lb>are not ſpherical, 

<lb></lb>but flat like thin 

<lb></lb>plates.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. I, for my part, have not made either ſo long, or ſo 

<lb></lb>exact obſervations, as to enable me to boaſt my ſelf Maſter of the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Quod ect<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of this matter: but I will more accurately conſider the 

<lb></lb>ſame, and make tryal my ſelf for my own ſatisfaction, whether I 

<lb></lb>can reconcile that which experience ſhews us, with that which 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> teacheth us; for it&#039;s a certain Maxim, that two Truths 

<lb></lb>cannot be contrary to one another.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If you would reconcile that which ſenſe ſheweth you, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg121"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>with the ſolider Doctrines of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> you will find no great dif­

<lb></lb>ficulty in the undertaking; and that ſo it is, doth not <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>ſay, that one cannot treat confidently of the things of Heaven, 

<lb></lb>by reaſon of their great remoteneſs?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg121"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>One cannot<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (<emph type="italics"></emph>ſaith<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Ariſtotle) <emph type="italics"></emph>ſpeak 

<lb></lb>confidently of Hea­

<lb></lb>ven, by reaſon of 

<lb></lb>its great diſtance.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>He expreſly ſaith ſo.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg122"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg122"></margin.target>Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>prefers 

<lb></lb>ſenſe before ratio­

<lb></lb>cination.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And doth he not likewiſe affirm, that we ought to pre­

<lb></lb>fer that which ſenſe demonſtrates, before all Arguments, though 

<lb></lb>in appearance never ſo well grounded? </s><s>and ſaith he not this 

<lb></lb>without the leaſt doubt or hæſitation?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>He doth ſo.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Why then, the ſecond of theſe propoſitions, which are 

<lb></lb>both the doctrine of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that ſaith, that ſenſe is to take </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg123"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>place of Logick, is a doctrine much more ſolid and undoubted, 

<lb></lb>than that other which holdeth the Heavens to be unalterable; and 

<lb></lb>therefore you ſhall argue more <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotelically,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſaying, the Hea­

<lb></lb>vens are alterable, for that ſo my ſenſe telleth me, than if you 

<lb></lb>ſhould ſay, the Heavens are u alterable, for that Logick ſo perſwa­

<lb></lb>ded <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Furthermore, we may diſcourſe of Cœleſtial mat­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg124"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ters much better than <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; becauſe, he confeſſing the know­

<lb></lb>ledg thereof to be difficult to him, by reaſon of their remoteneſs 

<lb></lb>from the ſenſes, he thereby acknowledgeth, that one to whom 

<lb></lb>the ſenſes can better repreſent the ſame, may philoſophate upon 

<lb></lb>them with more certainty. </s><s>Now we by help of the Teleſcope, 

<lb></lb>are brought thirty or forty times nearer to the Heavens, than ever 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> came; ſo that we may diſcover in them an hundred 

<lb></lb>things, which he could not ſee, and amongſt the reſt, theſe ſpots 

<lb></lb>in the Sun, which were to him abſolutely inviſible; therefore 

<lb></lb>we may diſcourſe of the Heavens and Sun, with more certainty 

<lb></lb>than <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtolte.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg123"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Its a doctrine more 

<lb></lb>agreeing with<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> A­

<lb></lb>riſtotle, <emph type="italics"></emph>to ſay the 

<lb></lb>Heavens are alter­

<lb></lb>able, than that 

<lb></lb>which affirms 

<lb></lb>them inalterable.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg124"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>We may by help of 

<lb></lb>the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Teleſcope <emph type="italics"></emph>diſ­

<lb></lb>courſe better of cœ­

<lb></lb>leſtial matters, 

<lb></lb>than<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſtot. <emph type="italics"></emph>him­

<lb></lb>ſelf.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I ſee into the heart of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and know that he is 

<lb></lb>much moved at the ſtrength of theſe ſo convincing Arguments; 

<lb></lb>but on the other ſide, when he conſidereth the great authority 

<lb></lb>which <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath won with all men, and remembreth the great 

<lb></lb>number of famous Interpreters, which have made it their buſineſs 

<lb></lb>to explain his ſenſe; and ſeeth other Sciences, ſo neceſſary and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/049.jpg" pagenum="43"></pb>profitable to the publick, to build a great part of their eſteem 

<lb></lb>and reputation on the credit of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> he is much puzzled and 

<lb></lb>perplexed: and methinks I hear him ſay, To whom then ſhould 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg125"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>we repair for the deciſion of our controverſies, if <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> were 

<lb></lb>removed from the chair? </s><s>What other Author ſhould we follow 

<lb></lb>in the Schools, Academies and Studies? </s><s>What Philoſopher hath 

<lb></lb>writ all the parts of Natural Philoſophy, and that ſo methodically 

<lb></lb>without omitting ſo much as one ſingle concluſion? </s><s>Shall we then 

<lb></lb>overthrow that Fabrick under which ſo many paſſengers find 

<lb></lb>ſhelter? </s><s>Shall we deſtroy that <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſylum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that <emph type="italics"></emph>Prytaneum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> where­

<lb></lb>in ſo many Students meet with commodious harbour, where 

<lb></lb>without expoſing themſelves to the injuries of the air, with the 

<lb></lb>onely turning over of a few leaves, one may learn all the ſe­

<lb></lb>crets of Nature? </s><s>Shall we diſmantle that fort in which we are 

<lb></lb>ſafe from all hoſtile aſſaults? </s><s>But I pitie him no more than I do 

<lb></lb>that Gentleman who with great expence of time and treaſure, 

<lb></lb>and the help of many hundred artiſts, erects a very ſumptu­

<lb></lb>ous Pallace, and afterwards beholds it ready to fall, by reaſon 

<lb></lb>of the bad foundation; but being extremely unwilling to ſee 

<lb></lb>the Walls ſtript which are adorned with ſo many beautifull 

<lb></lb>Pictures; or to ſuffer the columns to fall, that uphold the ſtate­

<lb></lb>ly Galleries; or the gilded roofs, chimney-pieces, the freizes, 

<lb></lb>the corniſhes of marble, with ſo much coſt erected, to be rui­

<lb></lb>ned; goeth about with girders, props, ſhoars, butteraſſes, to pre­

<lb></lb>vent their ſubverſion.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg125"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Declamation 

<lb></lb>of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Simplicius.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But alaſs, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as yet fears no ſuch fall, and 

<lb></lb>I would undertake to ſecure him from that miſchief at a far 

<lb></lb>leſs charge. </s><s>There is no danger that ſo great a multitude of 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg126"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſubtle and wiſe Philoſophers, ſhould ſuffer themſelves to be 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Hector&#039;d<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by one or two, who make a little bluſtering; nay, 

<lb></lb>they will rather, without ever turning the points of their pens 

<lb></lb>againſt them, by their ſilence onely render them the object of 

<lb></lb>univerſal ſcorn and contempt. </s><s>It is a fond conceit for any one 

<lb></lb>to think to introduce new Philoſophy, by reproving this or that 

<lb></lb>Author: it will be firſt neceſſary to new-mold the brains of 

<lb></lb>men, and make them apt to diſtinguiſh truth from falſhood. </s><s>A 

<lb></lb>thing which onely God can do. </s><s>But from one diſcourſe to another 

<lb></lb>whither are we ſtray&#039;d? </s><s>your memory muſt help to guide me into 

<lb></lb>the way again.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg126"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick Phi­

<lb></lb>loſophy unchange­

<lb></lb>able.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I remember very well where we left. </s><s>We were 

<lb></lb>upon the anſwer of <emph type="italics"></emph>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to the objections againſt the 

<lb></lb>immutability of the Heavens, among which you inſerted this 

<lb></lb>of the Solar fpots, not ſpoke of by him; and I believe you 

<lb></lb>intended to examine his anſwer to the inſtance of the New 

<lb></lb>Stars.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/050.jpg" pagenum="44"></pb><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now I remember the reſt, and to proceed, Methinks 

<lb></lb>there are ſome things in the anſwer of <emph type="italics"></emph>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> worthy of 

<lb></lb>reprehenſion. </s><s>And firſt, if the two New Stars, which he can do 

<lb></lb>no leſs than place in the uppermoſt parts of the Heavens, and 

<lb></lb>which were of a long duration, but finally vaniſhed, give him no 

<lb></lb>obſtruction in maintaining the inalterability of Heaven, in that 

<lb></lb>they were not certain parts thereof, nor mutations made in the 

<lb></lb>antient Stars, why doth he ſet himſelf ſo vigorouſly and earneſtly 

<lb></lb>againſt the Comets, to baniſh them by all ways from the Cœle­

<lb></lb>ſtial Regions? </s><s>Was it not enough that he could ſay of them 

<lb></lb>the ſame which he ſpoke of the New ſtars? </s><s>to wit, that in re­

<lb></lb>gard they were no certain parts of Heaven, nor mutations made 

<lb></lb>in any of the Stars, they could no wiſe prejudice either Heaven, 

<lb></lb>or the Doctrine of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? </s><s>Secondly, I am not very well ſatis­

<lb></lb>fied of his meaning; when he ſaith that the alterations that ſhould 

<lb></lb>be granted to be made in the Stars, would be deſtructive to the 

<lb></lb>prerogative of Heaven; namely, its incorruptibility, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>this, becauſe the Stars are Cœleſtial ſubſtances, as is manifeſt 

<lb></lb>by the conſent of every one; and yet is nothing troubled that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg127"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the ſame alterations ſhould be made ^{*} without the Stars in the reſt 

<lb></lb>of the Cœleſtial expanſion. </s><s>Doth he think that Heaven is no 

<lb></lb>Cœleſtial ſubſtance? </s><s>I, for my part, did believe that the Stars 

<lb></lb>were called Cœleſtial bodies, by reaſon that they were in Hea­

<lb></lb>ven, or for that they were made of the ſubſtance of Heaven; 

<lb></lb>and yet I thought that Heaven was more Cœleſtial than they; in 

<lb></lb>like ſort, as nothing can be ſaid to be more Terreſtrial, or more 

<lb></lb>fiery than the Earth or Fire themſelves. </s><s>And again, in that he ne­

<lb></lb>ver made any mention of the Solar ſpots, which have been evi­

<lb></lb>dently demonſtrated to be produced, and diſſolved, and to be 

<lb></lb>neer the Sun, and to turn either with, or about the ſame, I have 

<lb></lb>reaſon to think that this Author probably did write more for others 

<lb></lb>pleaſure, than for his own ſatisfaction; and this I affirm, foraſ­

<lb></lb>much as he having ſhewn himſelf to be skilful in the Mathema­

<lb></lb>ticks, it is impoſſible but that he ſhould have been convinced by 

<lb></lb>Demonſtrations, that thoſe ſubſtances are of neceſſity contigu­

<lb></lb>ous with the body of the Sun, and are ſo great generations and 

<lb></lb>corruptions, that none comparable to them, ever happen in the 

<lb></lb>Earth: And if ſuch, ſo many, and ſo frequent be made in the 

<lb></lb>very Globe of the Sun, which may with reaſon be held one of the 

<lb></lb>nobleſt parts of Heaven, what ſhould make us think that others 

<lb></lb>may not happen in the other Orbs?

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg128"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg127"></margin.target>* Ex tra Stellas.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg128"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Generability and 

<lb></lb>alteration is a 

<lb></lb>greater perfection 

<lb></lb>in the Worlds bo­

<lb></lb>dies than the con­

<lb></lb>trary qualities.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I cannot without great admiration, nay more, deni­

<lb></lb>al of my underſtanding, hear it to be attributed to natural bodies, 

<lb></lb>for a great honour and perfection that they are ^{*} impaſſible, im­

<lb></lb>mutable, inalterable, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And on the contrary, to hear it to </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg129"></arrow.to.target>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/051.jpg" pagenum="45"></pb>be eſteemed a great imperfection to be alterable, generable, mu­

<lb></lb>table, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> It is my opinion that the Earth is very noble and ad­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg130"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>mirable, by reaſon of ſo many and ſo different alterations, mu­

<lb></lb>tations, generations, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which are inceſſantly made therein; 

<lb></lb>and if without being ſubject to any alteration, it had been all 

<lb></lb>one vaſt heap of ſand, or a maſſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jaſper,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or that in the time 

<lb></lb>of the Deluge, the waters freezing which covered it, it had 

<lb></lb>continued an immenſe Globe of Chriſtal, wherein nothing had 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg131"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ever grown, altered, or changed, I ſhould have eſteemed it a 

<lb></lb>lump of no benefit to the World, full of idleneſſe, and in a 

<lb></lb>word ſuperfluous, and as if it had never been in nature; and 

<lb></lb>ſhould make the ſame difference in it, as between a living and 

<lb></lb>dead creature: The like I ſay of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Moon, Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and all the 

<lb></lb>other Globes of the World. </s><s>But the more I dive into the con­

<lb></lb>ſideration of the vanity of popular diſcourſes, the more empty 

<lb></lb>and ſimple I find them. </s><s>And what greater folly can there be 

<lb></lb>imagined, than to call Jems, Silver and Gold pretious; and Earth 

<lb></lb>and dirt vile? </s><s>For do not theſe perſons conſider, that if there 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg132"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſhould be as great a ſcarcity of Earth, as there is of Jewels and 

<lb></lb>pretious metals, there would be no Prince, but would gladly give 

<lb></lb>a heap of Diamonds and Rubies, and many Wedges of Gold, 

<lb></lb>to purchaſe onely ſo much Earth as ſhould ſuffice to plant a Geſſe­

<lb></lb>mine in a little pot, or to ſet therein a <emph type="italics"></emph>China Orange,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that he might 

<lb></lb>ſee it ſprout, grow up, and bring forth ſo goodly leaves, ſo odi­

<lb></lb>riferous flowers, and ſo delicate fruit? </s><s>It is therefore ſcarcity and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg133"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>plenty that make things eſteemed and contemned by the vulgar; 

<lb></lb>who will ſay that ſame is a moſt beautiful Diamond, for that it 

<lb></lb>reſembleth a cleer water, and yet will not part with it for ten 

<lb></lb>Tun of water: Theſe men that ſo extol incorruptibility, inalte­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg134"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>rability, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſpeak thus I believe out of the great deſire they 

<lb></lb>have to live long, and for fear of death; not confidering, that 

<lb></lb>if men had been immortal, they ſhould have had nothing to do 

<lb></lb>in the World. </s><s>Theſe deſerve to meet with a <emph type="italics"></emph>Meduſa<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>&#039;s head, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg135"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that would transform them into Statues of <emph type="italics"></emph>Dimond<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Jaſper,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>that ſo they might become more perfect than they are.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg129"></margin.target>* Impatible.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg130"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Earth very 

<lb></lb>noble, by reaſon of 

<lb></lb>the many mutati­

<lb></lb>ons made therein.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg131"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The carth unpro­

<lb></lb>ſitable and full of 

<lb></lb>idleneſſe, its alte­

<lb></lb>rations taken away<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg132"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Earth more 

<lb></lb>noble than Gold 

<lb></lb>and Jewels.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg133"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Scarcity and plen­

<lb></lb>ty enhanſe and de­

<lb></lb>baſe the price of 

<lb></lb>things.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg134"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Incorruptibility e­

<lb></lb>ſteemed by the vul­

<lb></lb>gar out of their 

<lb></lb>fear of death.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg135"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The diſparagers of 

<lb></lb>corraptibility de­

<lb></lb>ſerve to be turned 

<lb></lb>into Statua&#039;s.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And it may be ſuch a <emph type="italics"></emph>Metamorphoſis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> would not be al­

<lb></lb>together unprofitable to them; for I am of opinion that it is bet­

<lb></lb>ter not to diſcourſe at all, than to argue erroniouſly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>There is not the leaſt queſtion to be made, but that 

<lb></lb>the Earth is much more perfect, being as it is alterable, mutable, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> than if it had been a maſſe of ſtone; yea although it were 

<lb></lb>one entire Diamond, moſt hard and impaſſile. </s><s>But look how mueh 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg136"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>theſe qualifications enoble the Earth, they render the Heavenly 

<lb></lb>bodies again on the other ſide ſo much the more imperfect, in 

<lb></lb>which, ſuch conditions would be ſuperfluous; in regard that the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/052.jpg" pagenum="46"></pb>Cœleſtial bodies, namely, the Sun, Moon, and the other Stars, 

<lb></lb>which are ordained for no other uſe but to ſerve the Earth, need 

<lb></lb>no other qualities for attaining of that end, ſave onely thoſe of 

<lb></lb>light and motion.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg136"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Cœleſtial bo­

<lb></lb>dies deſigned to 

<lb></lb>ſerve the Earth, 

<lb></lb>need no more but 

<lb></lb>motion and light.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. How? </s><s>Will you affirm that nature hath produced and 

<lb></lb>deſigned ſo many vaſt perfect and noble Cœleſtial bodies, impaſ­

<lb></lb>ſible, immortal, and divine, to no other uſe but to ſerve the paſ­

<lb></lb>ſible, frail, and mortal Earth? </s><s>to ſerve that which you call the 

<lb></lb>droſſe of the World, and ſink of all uncleanneſſe? </s><s>To what 

<lb></lb>purpoſe were the Cœleſtial bodies made immortal, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to ſerve a 

<lb></lb>frail, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Take away this ſubſerviency to the Earth, and the in­

<lb></lb>numerable multitude of Cœleſtial bodies become wholly unuſe­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg137"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ful, and ſuperfluous, ſince they neither have nor can have any 

<lb></lb>mutual operation betwixt themſelves; becauſe they are all unal­

<lb></lb>terable, immutable, impaſſible: For if, for Example, the Moon 

<lb></lb>be impaſſible, what influence can the Sun or any other Star have 

<lb></lb>upon her? </s><s>it would doubtleſſe have far leſſe effect upon her, than 

<lb></lb>that of one who would with his looks or imagination, lignifie a 

<lb></lb>piece of Gold. </s><s>Moreover, it ſeemeth to me, that whilſt the Cœ­

<lb></lb>leſtial bodies concurre to the generation and alteration of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, they themſelves are alſo of neceſſity alterable; for other­

<lb></lb>wiſe I cannot underſtand how the application of the Sun or Moon 

<lb></lb>to the Earth, to effect production, ſhould be any other than to lay 

<lb></lb>a marble Statue by a Womans ſide, and from that conjunction to 

<lb></lb>expect children.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg138"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg137"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Celestial bodies 

<lb></lb>want an inter­

<lb></lb>changeable opera­

<lb></lb>tion upon each o­

<lb></lb>ther.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg138"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Alterability, &amp;c. 

<lb></lb></s><s>are not in the whole 

<lb></lb>Terreſtrial Globe, 

<lb></lb>but in ſome of its 

<lb></lb>parts.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. Corruptibility, alteration, mutation, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are not in 

<lb></lb>the whole Terreſtrial Globe, which as to its whole, is no leſſe eter­

<lb></lb>nal than the Sun or Moon, but it is generable and corruptible as to 

<lb></lb>its external parts; but yet it is alſo true that likewiſe in them ge­

<lb></lb>neration and corruption are perpetual, and as ſuch require the 

<lb></lb>heavenly eternal operations; and therefore it is neceſſary that 

<lb></lb>the Cœleſtial bodies be eternal.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>All this is right; but if the corruptibility of the ſuper­

<lb></lb>ficial parts of the Earth be nowiſe prejudicial to the eternity of 

<lb></lb>its whole Globe, yea, if their being generable, corruptible, alter­

<lb></lb>able, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> gain them great ornament and perfection; why can­</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg139"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>not, and ought not you to admit alteration, generation, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> like­

<lb></lb>wiſe in the external parts of the Cœleſtial Globes, adding to 

<lb></lb>them ornament, without taking from them perfection, or berea­

<lb></lb>ving them of action; yea rather encreaſing their effects, by grant­

<lb></lb>ing not onely that they all operate on the Earth, but that they mu­

<lb></lb>tually operate upon each other, and the Earth alſo upon them 

<lb></lb>all?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg139"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Cœleſtial bodies 

<lb></lb>alterable in their 

<lb></lb>outward parts.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This cannot be, becauſe the generations, mutations, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which we ſhould ſuppoſe <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in the Moon; would be vain 

<lb></lb>and uſeleſſe, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp; natura nihil fruſtra facit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/053.jpg" pagenum="47"></pb><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And why ſhould they be vain and uſeleſſe?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Becauſe we cleerly ſee, and feel with our hands, that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg140"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>all generations, corruptions, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> made in the Earth, are all ei­

<lb></lb>ther mediately or immediately directed to the uſe, convenience, 

<lb></lb>and benefit of man; for the uſe of man are horſes brought forth, 

<lb></lb>for the feeding of horſes, the Earth produceth graſſe, and the 

<lb></lb>Clouds water it; for the uſe and nouriſhment of man, herbs, corn, 

<lb></lb>fruits, beaſts, birds, fiſhes, are brought forth; and in ſum, if 

<lb></lb>we ſhould one by one dilligently examine and reſolve all theſe 

<lb></lb>things, we ſhould find the end to which they are all directed, to be 

<lb></lb>the neceſſity, uſe, convenience, and delight of man. </s><s>Now of what 

<lb></lb>uſe could the generations which we ſuppoſe to be made in the 

<lb></lb>Moon or other Planets, ever be to mankind? </s><s>unleſſe you ſhould 

<lb></lb>ſay that there were alſo men in the Moon, that might enjoy the 

<lb></lb>benefit thereof; a conceit either fabulous or impious.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg140"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The generations &amp; 

<lb></lb>mutations happen­

<lb></lb>ing in the Earth, 

<lb></lb>are all for the good 

<lb></lb>of Man.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>That in the Moon or other Planets, there are genera­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg141"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ted either herbs, or plants, or animals, like to ours, or that there 

<lb></lb>are rains, winds, or thunders there, as about the Earth, I nei­

<lb></lb>ther know, nor believe, and much leſſe, that it is inhabited by 

<lb></lb>men: but yet I underſtand not, becauſe there are not genera­

<lb></lb>ted things like to ours, that therefore it neceſſarily followeth, 

<lb></lb>that no alteration is wrought therein, or that there may not be 

<lb></lb>other things that change, generate, and diſſolve, which are not 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg142"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>onely different from ours, but exceedingly beyond our imagina­

<lb></lb>tion, and in a word, not to be thought of by us. </s><s>And if, as I 

<lb></lb>am certain, that one born and brought up in a ſpatious Forreſt, 

<lb></lb>amongſt beaſts and birds, and that hath no knowledg at all of the 

<lb></lb>Element of Water, could never come to imagine another World 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg143"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>to be in Nature, different from the Eatth, full of living crea­

<lb></lb>tures, which without legs or wings ſwiftly move, and not upon 

<lb></lb>the ſurface onely, as beaſts do upon the Earth, but in the very 

<lb></lb>bowels thereof; and not onely move, but alſo ſtay themſelves 

<lb></lb>and ceaſe to move at their pleaſure, which birds cannot do in the 

<lb></lb>air; and that moreover men live therein, and build Palaces and 

<lb></lb>Cities, and have ſo great convenience in travailing, that without 

<lb></lb>the leaſt trouble, they can go with their Family, Houſe, and 

<lb></lb>whole Cities, to places far remote, like as I ſay, I am certain, 

<lb></lb>ſuch a perſon, though of never ſo piercing an imagination, could 

<lb></lb>never fancy to himſelf Fiſhes, the Ocean, Ships, Fleets, <emph type="italics"></emph>Arma­

<lb></lb>do&#039;s<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> at Sea; thus, and much more eaſily, may it happn, that in 

<lb></lb>the Moon, remote from us by ſo great a ſpace, and of a ſub­

<lb></lb>ſtance perchance very different from the Earth, there may be mat­

<lb></lb>ters, and operations, not only wide off, but altogether beyond 

<lb></lb>all our imaginations, as being ſuch as have no reſemblance to 

<lb></lb>ours, and therefore wholly inexcogitable, in regard, that what we 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/054.jpg" pagenum="48"></pb>imagine to our ſelves, muſt neceſſarily be either a thing already 

<lb></lb>ſeen, or a compoſition of things, or parts of things ſeen at ano­

<lb></lb>ther time; for ſuch are the <emph type="italics"></emph>Sphinxes, Sirenes, Chimœra&#039;s, Cen­

<lb></lb>taurs,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> &amp;c.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg141"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Moon hath 

<lb></lb>no generatings of 

<lb></lb>things, like as we 

<lb></lb>have, nor is it in­

<lb></lb>habited by men.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg142"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>In the Moon may 

<lb></lb>be a generation of 

<lb></lb>things different 

<lb></lb>from ours.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg143"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>He that had not 

<lb></lb>heard of the Ele­

<lb></lb>ment of Water, 

<lb></lb>could never fancy 

<lb></lb>to himſelf Ships 

<lb></lb>and Fiſhes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have very often let my fancy ruminate upon theſe ſpe­

<lb></lb>culations, and in the end, have thought that I had found ſome 

<lb></lb>things that neither are nor can be in the Moon; but yet I 

<lb></lb>have not found therein any of thoſe which I believe are, and may 

<lb></lb>be there, ſave onely in a very general acceptation, namely, things 

<lb></lb>that adorn it by operating, moving and living; and perhaps in a way 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg144"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>very different from ours; beholding and admiring the greatneſs and 

<lb></lb>beauty of the World, and of its Maker and Ruler, and with 

<lb></lb>continual <emph type="italics"></emph>Encomiums<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſinging his prayſes; and in ſumme (which is 

<lb></lb>that which I intend) doing what ſacred Writers ſo frequently af­

<lb></lb>firm, to wit, all the creatures making it their perpetual imploy­

<lb></lb>ment to laud God.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg144"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>There may be ſub­

<lb></lb>ſtances in the 

<lb></lb>Moon very diffe­

<lb></lb>rent from ours.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Theſe are the things, which ſpeaking in general terms, 

<lb></lb>may be there; but I would gladly hear you inſtance in ſuch as you 

<lb></lb>believe neither are nor can be there; which perchance may be 

<lb></lb>more particularly named.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Take notice <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that this will be the third time 

<lb></lb>that we have unawares by running from one thing to another, loſt 

<lb></lb>our principal ſubject; and if we continue theſe digreſſions, it 

<lb></lb>will be longere we come to a concluſion of our diſcourſe; there­

<lb></lb>fore I ſhould judg it better to remit this, as alſo ſuch other points, 

<lb></lb>to be decided on a particular occaſion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Since we are now got into the Moon, if you pleaſe, let 

<lb></lb>us diſpatch ſuch things as concern her, that ſo we be not forced to 

<lb></lb>ſuch another tedious journey.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It ſhall be as you would have it. </s><s>And to begin with 

<lb></lb>things more general, I believe that the Lunar Globe is far diffe­

<lb></lb>rent from the Terreſtrial, though in ſome things they agree. </s><s>I will 

<lb></lb>recount firſt their reſemblances, and next their differences. </s><s>The 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg145"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Moon is manifeſtly like to the Earth in figure, which undoubtedly 

<lb></lb>is ſpherical, as may be neceſſarily concluded from the aſpect of its 

<lb></lb>ſurface, which is perfectly Orbicular, and the manner of its re­

<lb></lb>ceiving the light of the Sun, from which, if its ſurface were flat, 

<lb></lb>it would come to be all in one and the ſame time illuminated, and 

<lb></lb>likewiſe again in another inſtant of time obſcured, and not thoſe 

<lb></lb>parts firſt, which are ſituate towards the Sun, and the reſt ſucceſ­

<lb></lb>ſively, ſo that in its oppoſition, and not till then, its whole 

<lb></lb>apparent circumference is enlightned; which would happen quite 

<lb></lb>contrary, if the viſible ſurface were concave; namely, the illu­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg146"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>mination would begin from the parts oppoſite or averſe to the Sun. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Secondly ſhe is as the Earth, in her ſelf obſcure and opacous, by 

<lb></lb>which opacity it is enabled to receive, and reflect the light of the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/055.jpg" pagenum="49"></pb>Sun; which were it not ſo, it could not do. </s><s>Thirdly, I hold its 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg147"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>matter to be moſt denſe and ſolid as the Earth is, which I clearly 

<lb></lb>argue from the unevenneſs of its ſuperficies in moſt places, by means 

<lb></lb>of the many eminencies and cavities diſcovered therein by help of 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>ſeleſcope<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: of which eminencies there are many all over it, di­

<lb></lb>rectly reſembling our moſt ſharp and craggy mountains, of which 

<lb></lb>you ſhall there perceive ſome extend and run in ledges of an hun­

<lb></lb>dred miles long; others are contracted into rounder forms; and 

<lb></lb>there are alſo many craggy, ſolitary, ſteep and cliffy rocks. </s><s>But 

<lb></lb>that of which there are frequenteſt appearances, are certain Banks 

<lb></lb>(I uſe this word, becauſe I cannot thing of another that better ex­

<lb></lb>preſſeth them) pretty high raiſed, which environ and incloſe fields 

<lb></lb>of ſeveral bigneſſes, and form ſundry figures, but for the moſt part 

<lb></lb>circular; many of which have in the midſt a mount raiſed pretty 

<lb></lb>high, and ſome few are repleniſhed with a matter ſomewhat ob­

<lb></lb>ſcure, to wit, like to the great ſpots diſcerned by the bare eye, and 

<lb></lb>theſe are of the greateſt magnitude; the number moreover of thoſe 

<lb></lb>that are leſſer and leſſer is very great, and yet almoſt all circular. 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg148"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Fourthly, like as the ſurface of our Globe is diſtinguiſhed into two 

<lb></lb>principal parts, namely, into the Terreſtrial and Aquatick: ſo in 

<lb></lb>the Lunar ſurface we diſcern a great diſtinction of ſome great fields 

<lb></lb>more reſplendant, and ſome leſs: whoſe aſpect makes me believe, 

<lb></lb>that that of the Earth would ſeem very like it, beheld by any one 

<lb></lb>from the Moon, or any other the like diſtance, to be illuminated 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg149"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>by the Sun: and the ſurface of the ſea would appear more ob­

<lb></lb>ſcure, and that of the Earth more bright. </s><s>Fifthly, like as we from 

<lb></lb>the Earth behold the Moon, one while all illuminated, another 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg150"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>while half; ſometimes more, ſometimes leſs; ſometimes horned, 

<lb></lb>ſometimes wholly inviſibly; namely, when its juſt under the Sun 

<lb></lb>beams; ſo that the parts which look towards the Earth are dark: 

<lb></lb>Thus in every reſpect, one ſtanding in the Moon would ſee the 

<lb></lb>illumination of the Earths ſurface by the Sun, with the ſame 

<lb></lb>periods to an hair, and under the ſame changes of figures. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Sixtly, -----</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg145"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Firſt <emph type="italics"></emph>reſem­

<lb></lb>blance between the 

<lb></lb>Moon and Earth; 

<lb></lb>which is that of 

<lb></lb>figure; is proved by 

<lb></lb>the manner of be­

<lb></lb>ing illuminated by 

<lb></lb>the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg146"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Second <emph type="italics"></emph>con­

<lb></lb>formity is the 

<lb></lb>Moons being opa­

<lb></lb>cous as the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg147"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Thirdly, The mat­

<lb></lb>ter of the Moon is 

<lb></lb>denſe and mo ita­

<lb></lb>nous as the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg148"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Fourthly, The 

<lb></lb>Moon is diſtin­

<lb></lb>guiſhed into two 

<lb></lb>different parts for 

<lb></lb>clarity and obſcu­

<lb></lb>rity, as the Terre­

<lb></lb>strial Globe into 

<lb></lb>Sea and Land.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg149"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſurface of the 

<lb></lb>Sea would ſhew at 

<lb></lb>a diſtance more ob­

<lb></lb>ſoure than that of 

<lb></lb>the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg150"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Fiftly, Muta­

<lb></lb>tion of ſigures in 

<lb></lb>the Earth, like to 

<lb></lb>thoſe of the Moon, 

<lb></lb>and made with the 

<lb></lb>ſame periods.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Stay a little, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; That the illumination of 

<lb></lb>the Earth, as to the ſeveral figures, would repreſent it ſelf to a perſon 

<lb></lb>placed in the Moon, like in all things to that which we diſcover in 

<lb></lb>the Moon, I underſtand very well, but yet I cannot conceive how 

<lb></lb>it ſhall appear to be done in the ſame period; ſeeing that that 

<lb></lb>which the Suns illumination doth in the Lunar ſuperficies in a 

<lb></lb>month, it doth in the Terreſtrial in twenty four hours.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Its true, the effect of the Sun about the illuminating 

<lb></lb>theſe two bodies, and repleniſhing with its ſplendor their whole 

<lb></lb>ſurfaces, is diſpatch&#039;d in the Earth in a Natural day, and in the 

<lb></lb>Moon in a Month; but the variation of the figures in which the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/056.jpg" pagenum="50"></pb>illuminated parts of the Terreſtrial ſuperficies appear beheld from 

<lb></lb>the Moon, depends not on this alone, but on the divers aſpects 

<lb></lb>which the Moon is ſtill changing with the Sun; ſo that, if for in­

<lb></lb>ſtance, the Moon punctually followed the motion of the Sun, and 

<lb></lb>ſtood, for example, always in a direct line between it and the 

<lb></lb>Earth, in that aſpect which we call Conjunction, it looking always 

<lb></lb>to the ſame Hemiſphere of the Earth which the Sun looks unto, 

<lb></lb>ſhe would behold the ſame all light: as on the contrary, if it ſhould 

<lb></lb>always ſtay in Oppoſition to the Sun, it would never behold the 

<lb></lb>Earth, of which the dark part would be continually turn&#039;d towards 

<lb></lb>the Moon, and therefore inviſible. </s><s>But when the Moon is in 

<lb></lb>Quadrature of the Sun, that half of the Terreſtrial Hemiſphere ex­

<lb></lb>poſed to the ſight of the Moon which is towards the Sun, is lumi­

<lb></lb>nous; and the other towards the contrary is obſcure: and there­

<lb></lb>fore the illuminated part of the Earth would repreſent it ſelf to the 

<lb></lb>Moon in a ſemi-circular figure.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I clearly perceive all this, and underſtand very well, 

<lb></lb>that the Moon departing from its Oppoſition to the Sun, where it 

<lb></lb>ſaw no part of the illumination of the Terreſtrial ſuperficies, and 

<lb></lb>approaching day by day nearer the Sun, ſhe begins by little and 

<lb></lb>little to diſcover ſome part of the face of the illuminated Earth; 

<lb></lb>and that which appeareth of it ſhall reſemble a thin ſickle, in regard 

<lb></lb>the figure of the Earth is round: and the Moon thus acquiring by 

<lb></lb>its motion day by day greater proximity to the Sun, ſucceſſively 

<lb></lb>diſcovers more and more of the Terreſtrial Hemiſphere enlightned, 

<lb></lb>ſo that at the Quadrature there is juſt half of it viſible, inſomuch 

<lb></lb>that we may ſee the other part of her: continuing next to proceed 

<lb></lb>towards the Conjunction, it ſucceſſively diſcovers more and more 

<lb></lb>of its ſurface to be illuminated, and in fine, at the time of Conjun­

<lb></lb>ction ſeeth the whole Hemiſphere enlightned. </s><s>And in ſhort, I 

<lb></lb>very well conceive, that what befalls the Inhabitants of the Earth, 

<lb></lb>in beholding the changes of the Moon, would happen to him that 

<lb></lb>from the Moon ſhould obſerve the Earth; but in a contrary order, 

<lb></lb>namely, that when the Moon is to us at her full, and in Oppoſition 

<lb></lb>to the Sun, then the Earth would be in Conjunction with the Sun, 

<lb></lb>and wholly obſcure and inviſible; on the contrary, that poſition 

<lb></lb>which is to us a Conjunction of the Moon with the Sun, and for 

<lb></lb>that cauſe a <emph type="italics"></emph>M<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>oon ſilent and unſeen, would be there an Oppoſition 

<lb></lb>of the Earth to the Sun, and, to ſo ſpeak, <emph type="italics"></emph>Full Earth,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to wit, all 

<lb></lb>enlightned. </s><s>And laſtly, look what part of the Lunar ſurface ap­

<lb></lb>pears to us from time to time illuminated, ſo much of the Earth 

<lb></lb>in the ſame time ſhall you behold from the Moon to be obſcured: 

<lb></lb>and look how much of the Moon is to us deprived of light, ſo much 

<lb></lb>of the Earth is to the Moon illuminated. </s><s>In one thing yet theſe 

<lb></lb>mutual operations in my judgment ſeem to differ, and it is, that it 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/057.jpg" pagenum="51"></pb>being ſuppoſed, and not granted, that ſome one being placed in the 

<lb></lb>Moon to obſerve the Earth, he would every day ſee the whole 

<lb></lb>Terreſtrial ſuperficies, by means of the Moons going about the 

<lb></lb>Earth in twenty four or twenty five hours; but we never ſee but 

<lb></lb>half of the Moon, ſince it revolves not in it ſelf, as it muſt do to 

<lb></lb>be ſeen in every part of it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that this, befals not contrarily, namely, that her re­

<lb></lb>volving in her ſelf, is the cauſe that we ſee not the other half of 

<lb></lb>her, for ſo it would be neceſſary it ſhould be, if ſhe had the Epicy­

<lb></lb>cle. </s><s>But what other difference have you behind, to exchange for 

<lb></lb>this which you have named?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Let me ſee; Well for the preſent I cannot think of 

<lb></lb>any other.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And what if the Earth (as you have well noted) ſeeth 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg151"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>no more than half the Moon, whereas from the Moon one may ſee 

<lb></lb>all the Earth; and on the contrary, all the Earth ſeeth the Moon, and 

<lb></lb>but onely half of it ſeeth the Earth? </s><s>For the inhabitants, to ſo ſpeak, 

<lb></lb>of the ſuperior Hemiſphere of the Moon, which is to us inviſible, 

<lb></lb>are deprived of the ſight of the Earth: and theſe haply are the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Anticthones.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> But here I remember a particular accident, newly 

<lb></lb>obſerved by our <emph type="italics"></emph>Academian,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in the Moon, from whch are gathered 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg152"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>two neceſſary conſequences; one is, that we ſee ſomewhat more 

<lb></lb>than half of the Moon; and the other is, that the motion of the 

<lb></lb>Moon hath exact concentricity with the Earth: and thus he finds 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Phœnomenon<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and obſervation. </s><s>When the Moon hath a cor­

<lb></lb>reſpondence and natural ſympathy with the Earth, towards which 

<lb></lb>it hath its aſpect in ſuch a determinate part, it is neceſſary that the 

<lb></lb>right line which conjoyns their centers, do paſſe ever by the ſame 

<lb></lb>point of the Moons ſuperficies; ſo that, who ſo ſhall from the cen­

<lb></lb>ter of the Earth behold the ſame, ſhall alwayes ſee the ſame 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or Face of the Moon punctually determined by one and 

<lb></lb>the ſame circumference; But if a man be placed upon the Terre­

<lb></lb>ſtrial ſurface, the ray which from his eye paſſeth to the centre of the 

<lb></lb>Lunar Globe, will not paſs by the ſame point of its ſuperficies, by 

<lb></lb>which the line paſſeth that is drawn from the centre of the Earth 

<lb></lb>to that of the Moon, ſave onely when it is vertical to him: but 

<lb></lb>the Moon being placed in the Eaſt, or in the Weſt, the point of 

<lb></lb>incidence of the viſual ray, is higher than that of the line which 

<lb></lb>conjoyns the centres; and therefore the obſerver may diſcern 

<lb></lb>ſome part of the Lunar Hemiſphere towards the upper circumfe­

<lb></lb>rence, and alike part of the other is inviſible: they are diſcerna­

<lb></lb>ble and undiſcernable, in reſpect of the Hemiſphere beheld from 

<lb></lb>the true centre of the Earth: and becauſe the part of the Moons 

<lb></lb>circumference, which is ſuperiour in its riſing, is nethermoſt in its 

<lb></lb>ſetting; therefore the difference of the ſaid ſuperiour and inferi­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/058.jpg" pagenum="52"></pb>our parts muſt needs be very obſervable; certain ſpots and other 

<lb></lb>notable things in thoſe parts, being one while diſcernable, and 

<lb></lb>another while not. </s><s>A like variation may alſo be obſerved towards 

<lb></lb>the North and South extremities of the ſame <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (or Surface) 

<lb></lb>according as the Moons poſition is in one or the other Section of 

<lb></lb>its Dragon; For, if it be North, ſome of its parts towards the 

<lb></lb>North are hid, and ſome of thoſe parts towards the South are 

<lb></lb>diſcovered, and ſo on the contrary. </s><s>Now that theſe conſequen­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg153"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ces are really true, is verified by the <emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcope,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for there be in 

<lb></lb>the Moon two remarkable ſpots, one of which, when the Moon 

<lb></lb>is in the meridian, is ſituate to the Northweſt, and the other is 

<lb></lb>almoſt diametrically oppoſite unto it; and the firſt of theſe is vi­

<lb></lb>ſible even without the <emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcope<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; but the other is not. </s><s>That to­

<lb></lb>wards the Northweſt is a reaſonable great ſpot of oval figure, ſe­

<lb></lb>parated from the other great ones; the oppoſite one is leſſe, and 

<lb></lb>alſo ſevered from the biggeſt, and ſituate in a very cleer field; in 

<lb></lb>both theſe we may manifeſtly diſcern the foreſaid variations, and 

<lb></lb>ſee them one after another; now neer the edge or limb of the 

<lb></lb>Lunar <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and anon remote, with ſo great difference that 

<lb></lb>the diſtance betwixt the Northweſt and the circumference of the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is more than twice as great at one time, as at the other; 

<lb></lb>and as to the ſecond ſpot (becauſe it is neerer to the circumfe­

<lb></lb>rence) ſuch mutation importeth more, than twice ſo much in the 

<lb></lb>former. </s><s>Hence its manifeſt, that the Moon, as if it were drawn 

<lb></lb>by a magnetick vertue, conſtantly beholds the Terreſtrial Globe 

<lb></lb>with one and the ſame aſpect, never deviating from the ſame.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg151"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>All the Earth 

<lb></lb>ſeeth half onely of 

<lb></lb>the Moon, &amp; the 

<lb></lb>half onely of the 

<lb></lb>Moon ſeeth all the 

<lb></lb>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg152"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>From the Earth 

<lb></lb>we ſee more than 

<lb></lb>half the Lunar 

<lb></lb>Globe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg153"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Two ſpots in the 

<lb></lb>Moon, by which it 

<lb></lb>is perceived that 

<lb></lb>ſhe hath respect to 

<lb></lb>the centre of the 

<lb></lb>Earth in her mo­

<lb></lb>tion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Oh! when will there be an end put to the new ob­

<lb></lb>ſervations aud diſcoveries of this admirable Inſtrument?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If this ſucceed according to the progreſſe of other great 

<lb></lb>inventions, it is to be hoped, that in proceſſe of time, one may 

<lb></lb>arrive to the ſight of things, to us at preſent not to be imagined. 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg154"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>But returning to our firſt diſcourſe, I ſay for the ſixth reſemblance 

<lb></lb>betwixt the Moon and Earth, that as the Moon for a great part 

<lb></lb>of time, ſupplies the want of the Suns light, and makes the 

<lb></lb>nights, by the reflection of its own, reaſonable clear; ſo the 

<lb></lb>Earth, in recompence, affordeth it when it ſtands in moſt need, 

<lb></lb>by reflecting the Solar rayes, a very cleer illumination, and ſo 

<lb></lb>much, in my opinion, greater than that which cometh from her to 

<lb></lb>us, by how much the ſuperficies of the Earth is greater than that 

<lb></lb>of the Moon.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg154"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Sixthly, The 

<lb></lb>Earth and Moon 

<lb></lb>interchangeably do 

<lb></lb>illuminate.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Hold there, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hold there, and permit me the 

<lb></lb>pleaſure of relating to you, how at this firſt hint I have penetrated 

<lb></lb>the cauſe of an accident, which I have a thouſand times thought 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg155"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>upon, but could never find out. </s><s>You would ſay, that the imper­

<lb></lb>fect light which is ſeen in the Moon, eſpecially when it is horned, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/059.jpg" pagenum="53"></pb>comes from the reflection of the light of the Sun on the Superfi­

<lb></lb>cies of the Earth and Sea; and that light is more clear, by how 

<lb></lb>much the horns are leſſe, for then the luminous part of the Earth, 

<lb></lb>beheld by the Moon, is greater, according to that which was 

<lb></lb>a little before proved; to wit, that the luminous part of the Earth, 

<lb></lb>expoſed to the Moon, is alway as great as the obſcure part of 

<lb></lb>the Moon, that is viſible to the Earth; whereupon, at ſuch time 

<lb></lb>as the Moon is ſharp-forked, and conſequently its tenebrous part 

<lb></lb>great, great alſo is the illuminated part of the Earth beheld from 

<lb></lb>the Moon, and its reflection of light ſo much the more potent.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg155"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Light reflected 

<lb></lb>from the Earth in­

<lb></lb>to the Moon.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is exactly the ſame with what I was about to ſay. 

<lb></lb></s><s>In a word, it is a great pleaſure to ſpeak with perſons judicious 

<lb></lb>and apprehenſive, and the rather to me, for that whileſt others 

<lb></lb>converſe and diſcourſe touching Axiomatical truths, I have ma­

<lb></lb>ny times creeping into my brain ſuch arduous Paradoxes, that 

<lb></lb>though I have a thouſand times rehearſed this which you at the ve­

<lb></lb>ry firſt, have of your ſelf apprehended, yet could I never beat 

<lb></lb>it into mens brains.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>If you mean by your not being able to perſwade them 

<lb></lb>to it, that you could not make them underſtand the ſame, I 

<lb></lb>much wonder thereat, and am very confident that if they did 

<lb></lb>not underſtand it by your demonſtration (your way of expreſſion, 

<lb></lb>being, in my judgment, very plain) they would very hardly have 

<lb></lb>apprehended it upon the explication of any other man; but if 

<lb></lb>you mean you have not perſwaded them, ſo as to make them be­

<lb></lb>lieve it, I wonder not, in the leaſt, at this; for I confeſſe my 

<lb></lb>ſelf to be one of thoſe who underſtand your diſcourſes, but 

<lb></lb>am not ſatisfied therewith; for there are in this, and ſome of 

<lb></lb>the other ſix congruities, or reſemblances, many difficulties, 

<lb></lb>which I ſhall inſtance in, when you have gone through them 

<lb></lb>all.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The deſire I have to find out any truth, in the acquiſt 

<lb></lb>whereof the objections of intelligent perſons (ſuch as your ſelf) 

<lb></lb>may much aſſiſt me, will cauſe me to be very brief in diſpatching 

<lb></lb>that which remains. </s><s>For a ſeventh conformity, take their reci­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg156"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>procal reſponſion as well to injuries, as favours; whereby the 

<lb></lb>Moon, which very often in the height of its illumination, by the 

<lb></lb>interpoſure of the Earth betwixt it and the Sun, is deprived of 

<lb></lb>light, and eclipſed, doth by way of revenge; in like manner, in­

<lb></lb>terpoſe it ſelf between the Earth and the Sun, and with its ſhadow 

<lb></lb>obſcureth the Earth; and although the revenge be not anſwer­

<lb></lb>able to the injury, for that the Moon often continueth, and 

<lb></lb>that for a reaſonable long time, wholly immerſed in the Earths 

<lb></lb>ſhadow, but never was the Earth wholly, nor for any long time, 

<lb></lb>eclipſed by the Moon; yet, nevertheleſſe, having reſpect to the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/060.jpg" pagenum="54"></pb>ſmalneſſe of the body of this, in compariſon to the magnitude 

<lb></lb>of the other, it cannot be denied but that the <emph type="italics"></emph>will<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and as it 

<lb></lb>were <emph type="italics"></emph>valour<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of this, is very great. </s><s>Thus much for their con­

<lb></lb>gruities or reſemblances. </s><s>It ſhould next follow that we diſcourſe 

<lb></lb>touching their diſparity; but becauſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will favour us 

<lb></lb>with his objections againſt the former, its neceſſary that we hear 

<lb></lb>and examine them, before we proceed any farther.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg156"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Seventhly, The 

<lb></lb>Earth and Moon 

<lb></lb>do mutually eclipſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And the rather, becauſe it is to be ſuppoſed that 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will not any wayes oppoſe the diſparities, and incon­

<lb></lb>gruities betwixt the Earth and Moon, ſince that he accounts their 

<lb></lb>ſubſtances extremely different.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Amongſt the reſemblances by you recited, in the pa­

<lb></lb>rallel you make betwixt the Earth and Moon, I find that I can 

<lb></lb>admit none confidently ſave onely the firſt, and two others; I 

<lb></lb>grant the firſt, namely, the ſpherical figure; howbeit, even in 

<lb></lb>this there is ſome kind of difference, for that I hold that of the 

<lb></lb>Moon to be very ſmooth and even, as a looking-glaſſe, where­

<lb></lb>as, we find and feel this of the Earth to be extraordinary montu­

<lb></lb>ous and rugged; but this belonging to the inequality of ſuperfi­

<lb></lb>cies, it ſhall be anon conſidered, in another of thoſe Reſemblan­

<lb></lb>ces by you alledged; I ſhall therefore reſerve what I have to ſay 

<lb></lb>thereof, till I come to the conſideration of that. </s><s>Of what you 

<lb></lb>affirm next, that the Moon ſeemeth, as you ſay in your ſecond 

<lb></lb>Reſemblance, opacous and obſcure in its ſelf, like the Earth; I 

<lb></lb>admit not any more than the firſt attribute of opacity, of which 

<lb></lb>the Eclipſes of the Sun aſſure me. </s><s>For were the Moon tranſpa­

<lb></lb>rent, the air in the total obſcuration of the Sun, would not be­

<lb></lb>come ſo duskiſh, as at ſuch a time it is, but by means of the 

<lb></lb>tranſparency of the body of the Moon, a refracted light would 

<lb></lb>paſſe through it, as we ſee it doth through the thickeſt clouds. </s><s>But 

<lb></lb>as to the obſcurity, I believe not that the Moon is wholly depri­

<lb></lb>ved of light, as the Earth; nay, that clarity which is ſeen in the 

<lb></lb>remainder of its <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> over and above the ſmall creſcent en­

<lb></lb>lightened by the Sun, I repute to be its proper and natural light, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg157"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>and not a reflection of the Earth, which I eſteem unable, by 

<lb></lb>reaſon of its aſperity (craggineſſe) and obſcurity, to reflect the 

<lb></lb>raies of the Sun. </s><s>In the third Parallel I aſſent unto you in one 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg158"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>part, and diſſent in another: I agree in judging the body of the 

<lb></lb>Moon to be moſt ſolid and hard, like the Earth, yea much more; 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg159"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>for if from <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> we receive that the Heavens are impenetrable, 

<lb></lb>and the Stars the moſt denſe parts of Heaven, it muſt neceſſarily 

<lb></lb>follow, that they are moſt ſolid and moſt impenetrable.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg157"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſecond clarity 

<lb></lb>of the Moon e­

<lb></lb>ſteemed to be its 

<lb></lb>native light.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg158"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Earth unable 

<lb></lb>to reflect the Suns 

<lb></lb>raies.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg159"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſubſtance of 

<lb></lb>the Heavens impe­

<lb></lb>netrable, accord­

<lb></lb>ing to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſtotle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>What excellent matter would the Heavens afford us for 

<lb></lb>to make Pallaces of, if we could procure a ſubſtance ſo hard and ſo 

<lb></lb>tranſparent?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/061.jpg" pagenum="55"></pb><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Rather how improper, for being by its tranſparence, 

<lb></lb>wholly inviſible, a man would not be able without ſtumbling at 

<lb></lb>the threſholds, and breaking his head againſt the Walls, to paſs 

<lb></lb>from room to room.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This danger would not befall him, if it be true, as ſome 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg160"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſay, that it is intangible: and if one cannot 

<lb></lb>touch it, much leſs can it hurt him.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg160"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſubstance of 

<lb></lb>Heaven intangi­

<lb></lb>ble.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This would not ſerve the turn, for though the matter 

<lb></lb>of the Heavens cannot be toucht, as wanting tangible qualities: 

<lb></lb>yet may it eaſily touch the elementary bodies; and to offend us 

<lb></lb>it is as ſufficient that it ſtrike us, nay worſe, than if we ſhould 

<lb></lb>ſtrike it. </s><s>But let us leave theſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Pallaces,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or, to ſay better, theſe 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Caſtles<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in the air, and not interrupt <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>The queſtion which you have ſo caſually ſtarted, is one 

<lb></lb>of the moſt difficulty that is diſputed in Philoſophy; and I have 

<lb></lb>on that ſubject moſt excellent conceits of a very learned Doctor 

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Padoua,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but it is not now time to enter upon them. </s><s>Therefore 

<lb></lb>returning to our purpoſe, I ſay that the Moon, in my opinion, is 

<lb></lb>much more ſolid than the Earth, but do not infer the ſame, as you 

<lb></lb>do, from the craggineſs and montuoſity of its ſuperficies; but 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg161"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>rather from the contrary, namely, from its aptitude to receive (as 

<lb></lb>we ſee it experimented in the hardeſt ſtones) a poliſh and luſtre 

<lb></lb>exceeding that of the ſmootheſt glaſs, for ſuch neceſſarily muſt 

<lb></lb>its ſuperficies be, to render it apt to make ſo lively reflection of 

<lb></lb>the Suns rays. </s><s>And for thoſe appearances which you mention, 

<lb></lb>of Mountains, Cliffs, Hills, Valleys, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> they are all illuſions: 

<lb></lb>and I have been preſent at certain publick diſputes, where I have 

<lb></lb>heard it ſtrongly maintained againſt theſe introducers of novelties, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg162"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that ſuch appearances proceed from nothing elſe, but from the un­

<lb></lb>equal diſtribution of the opacous and perſpicuous parts, of which 

<lb></lb>the Moon is inwardly and outwardly compoſed: as we ſee it 

<lb></lb>often fall out in chryſtal, amber, and many other precious ſtones 

<lb></lb>of perfect luſtre; in which by reaſon of the opacity of ſome parts, 

<lb></lb>and the tranſparency of others, there doth appear ſeveral conca­

<lb></lb>vities and prominencies. </s><s>In the fourth reſemblance, I grant, that 

<lb></lb>the ſuperficies of Terreſtrial Globe beheld from afar, would make 

<lb></lb>two different appearances, namely, one more clear, the other more 

<lb></lb>dark; but I believe that ſuch diverſity would ſucceed quite con­

<lb></lb>trary to what you ſay; that is, I hold that the ſurface of the wa­

<lb></lb>ter would appear lucid, becauſe that it is ſmooth and tranſparent; 

<lb></lb>and that of the Earth would appear obſcure, by reaſon of its o­

<lb></lb>pacity and ſcabroſity, ill accommodated for reflecting the light of 

<lb></lb>the Sun. </s><s>Concernïng the fifth compariſon, I grant it wholly, and 

<lb></lb>am able, in caſe the Earth did ſhine as the Moon, to ſhow the 

<lb></lb>ſame to any one that ſhould from thence above behold it, repre­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/062.jpg" pagenum="56"></pb>ſented by figures anſwerable to thoſe which we ſee in the Moon: 

<lb></lb>I comprehend alſo, how the period of its illumination and varia­

<lb></lb>tion of figure, would be monthly, albeit the Sun revolves round 

<lb></lb>about it in twenty four hours: and laſtly, I do not ſcruple to 

<lb></lb>admit, that the half onely of the Moon ſeeth all the Earth, and 

<lb></lb>that all the Earth ſeeth but onely half of the Moon. </s><s>For what 

<lb></lb>remains, I repute it moſt falſe, that the Moon can receive light 

<lb></lb>from the Earth, which is moſt obſcure, opacous, and utterly un­

<lb></lb>apt to reflect the Suns light, as the Moon doth reflect it to us: and 

<lb></lb>as I have ſaid, I hold that that light which we ſee in the remain­

<lb></lb>der of the Moons face (the ſplendid creſcents ſubducted) by the 

<lb></lb>illumination, is the proper and natural light of the Moon, and no 

<lb></lb>eaſie matter would induce me to believe otherwiſe. </s><s>The ſeventh, 

<lb></lb>touching the mutual Eclipſes, may be alſo admitted; howbeit 

<lb></lb>that is wont to be called the eclipſe of the Sun, which you are 

<lb></lb>pleaſed to phraſe the eclipſe of the Earth. </s><s>And this is what <emph type="italics"></emph>I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>have at this time to ſay in oppoſition to your ſeven congruities 

<lb></lb>or reſemblances, to which objections, if you are minded to make 

<lb></lb>any reply, <emph type="italics"></emph>I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhall willingly hear you.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg161"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſuperficies of 

<lb></lb>the Moon more 

<lb></lb>ſleek than any 

<lb></lb>Looking-glaß.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg162"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The eminencies 

<lb></lb>and cavities in the 

<lb></lb>Moon are illuſions 

<lb></lb>of its opacous and 

<lb></lb>perspicuous parts.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If I have well apprehended what you have anſwered, it 

<lb></lb>ſeems to me, that there ſtill remains in controverſie between us, cer­

<lb></lb>tain conditions, which I made common betwixt the Moon &amp; Earth, 

<lb></lb>and they are theſe; You eſteem the Moon to be ſmooth and poliſht, 

<lb></lb>as a Looking-glaſs, and as ſuch, able to reflect the Suns light; and 

<lb></lb>contrarily, the Earth, by reaſon of its montuoſity, unable to make 

<lb></lb>ſuch reflection: You yield the Moon to be ſolid and hard, and that 

<lb></lb>you argue from its being ſmooth and polite, and not from its being 

<lb></lb>montuous; and for its appearing montuous, you aſſign as the 

<lb></lb>cauſe, that it conſiſts of parts more and leſs opacous and perſpi­

<lb></lb>cuous. </s><s>And laſtly, you eſteem that ſecondary light, to be proper 

<lb></lb>to the <emph type="italics"></emph>M<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>oon, and not reflected from the Earth; howbeit you 

<lb></lb>ſeem not to deny the ſea, as being of a ſmooth ſurface, ſome 

<lb></lb>kind of reflection. </s><s>As to the convincing you of that error, that 

<lb></lb>the reflection of the <emph type="italics"></emph>M<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>oon is made, as it were, like that of a 

<lb></lb>Looking-glaſs, <emph type="italics"></emph>I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> have ſmall hope, whilſt <emph type="italics"></emph>I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſee, that what hath 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg163"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>been read in the ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Saggiator<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Solar Letters<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of our <emph type="italics"></emph>Com­

<lb></lb>mon Friend,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath profited nothing in your judgment, if haply 

<lb></lb>you have attentively read what he hath there written on this ſub­

<lb></lb>ject.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg163"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"></emph>Il Saggiatore, &amp; 

<lb></lb>Lettere Solari,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>two Treatiſes of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Galilæus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. <emph type="italics"></emph>I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> have peruſed the ſame ſo ſuperficially, according to 

<lb></lb>the ſmall time of leaſure allowed me from more ſolid ſtudies; 

<lb></lb>therefore, if you think you can, either by repeating ſome of thoſe 

<lb></lb>reaſons, or by alledging others, reſolve me theſe doubts, <emph type="italics"></emph>I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will 

<lb></lb>hearken to them attentively.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. <emph type="italics"></emph>I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will tell you what comes into my mind upon the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/063.jpg" pagenum="57"></pb>inſtant, and its poſſible it may be a commixtion of my own con­

<lb></lb>ceipts; and thoſe which I have ſometime read in the fore-ſaid 

<lb></lb>Books, by which I well remember, that I was then perfectly 

<lb></lb>ſatisfied, although the concluſions, at firſt ſight ſeem&#039;d unto me 

<lb></lb>ſtrange Paradoxes. </s><s>We enquire <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whether to the ma­

<lb></lb>king a reflection of light, like that which we receive from the 

<lb></lb>Moon, it be neceſſary that the ſuperficies from whence the refle­

<lb></lb>ction commeth, be ſo ſmooth and polite, as the face of a Looking­

<lb></lb>Glaſſe, or whether a ſuperficies not ſmooth or poliſht, but rough 

<lb></lb>and uneven, be more apt for ſuch a purpoſe. </s><s>Now ſuppoſing 

<lb></lb>two reflections ſhould come unto us, one more bright, the other 

<lb></lb>leſſe, from two ſuperficies oppoſite unto us, I demand of you, 

<lb></lb>which of the two ſuperficies you think would repreſent it ſelf to 

<lb></lb>our ſight, to be the cleareſt, and which the obſcureſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I am very confident, that that ſame, which moſt for­

<lb></lb>cibly reflected the light upon me, would ſhew its ſelf in its aſpect 

<lb></lb>the clearer, and the other darker.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Be pleaſed to take that Glaſſe which hangs on yonder 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg164"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Wall, and let us go out into the Court-yard. </s><s>Come <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Now hang the glaſſe yonder, againſt that ſame Wall, on which 

<lb></lb>the Sun ſhines, and now let us with-draw our ſelves into the ſhade. 

<lb></lb></s><s>See yonder two ſuperficies beaten by the Sun, namely, the Wall 

<lb></lb>and the Glaſſe. </s><s>Tell me now which appears cleareſt unto you, 

<lb></lb>that of the Wall or that of the Glaſſe? </s><s>Why do you not anſwer 

<lb></lb>me?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg164"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is proved at 

<lb></lb>large that the 

<lb></lb>Moons ſurface is 

<lb></lb>ſharp.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I leave the reply to <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who made the queſti­

<lb></lb>on; but I, for my own part, am perſwaded upon this ſmall be­

<lb></lb>ginning of the experiment, that the Moon muſt be of a very un­

<lb></lb>poliſht ſurface.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>What ſay you <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if you were to depaint that 

<lb></lb>Wall, and that Glaſſe faſtened unto it, where would you uſe 

<lb></lb>your darkeſt colours, in deſigning the Wall, or elſe in painting 

<lb></lb>the Looking-Glaſſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Much the darker in depainting the Glaſſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now if from the ſuperficies, which repreſents it ſelf 

<lb></lb>more clear, there proceedeth a more powerful reflection of light, 

<lb></lb>the Wall will more forcibly reflect the raies of the Sun, than the 

<lb></lb>Glaſſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Very well, Sir, have you ever a better experiment 

<lb></lb>than this? </s><s>you have placed us where the Glaſſe doth not rever­

<lb></lb>berate upon us; but come along with me a little this way; how, 

<lb></lb>will you not ſtir?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You perhaps ſeek the place of the reflection, which the 

<lb></lb>Glaſſe makth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I do ſo.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/064.jpg" pagenum="58"></pb><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Why look you, there it is upon the oppoſite Wall, juſt 

<lb></lb>as big as the Glaſſe, and little leſſe bright than if the Sun had 

<lb></lb>directly ſhined upon it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Come hither therefore, and ſee from hence the ſur­

<lb></lb>face of the Glaſſe, and tell me whether you think it more ob­

<lb></lb>ſcure than that of the Wall.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Look on it your ſelf, for I have no mind at this time, 

<lb></lb>to dazle my eyes; and I know very well, without ſeeing it, 

<lb></lb>that it there appears as ſplendid and bright as the Sun it ſelf, or 

<lb></lb>little leſſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>What ſay you therefore, is the reflection of a Glaſſe 

<lb></lb>leſſe powerful than that of a Wall? </s><s>I ſee, that in this oppoſite 

<lb></lb>Wall, where the reflection of the other illuminated Wall comes, 

<lb></lb>together with that of the Glaſſe, this of the Glaſſe is much 

<lb></lb>clearer; and I ſee likewiſe, that, from this place where I ſtand, 

<lb></lb>the glaſſe it ſelf appears with much more luſtre than the Wall.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You have prevented me with your ſubtlety; for I ſtood 

<lb></lb>in need of this very obſervation to demonſtrate what remains. 

<lb></lb></s><s>You ſee then the difference which happens betwixt the two refle­

<lb></lb>ctions made by the two ſuperficies of the Wall and Glaſſe, per­

<lb></lb>cu&#039;ſt in the ſelf-ſame manner, by the rayes of the Sun; and you 

<lb></lb>ſee, how the reflection which comes from the Wall, diffuſeth it 

<lb></lb>ſelf towards all the parts oppoſite to it, but that of the Glaſſe 

<lb></lb>goeth towards one part onely, not at all bigger than the Glaſſe 

<lb></lb>it ſelf: you ſee likewiſe, how the ſuperficies of the Wall, beheld 

<lb></lb>from what part ſoever, alwayes ſhews it ſelf of one and the ſame 

<lb></lb>cleerneſſe, and every way, much clearer than that of the Glaſſe, 

<lb></lb>excepting only in that little place, on which the Glaſſes reflection 

<lb></lb>reverberates, for from thence indeed the Glaſſe appears much more 

<lb></lb>lucid than the Wall. </s><s>By theſe ſo ſenſible, and palpable experi­

<lb></lb>ments, my thinks one may ſoon come to know, whether the 

<lb></lb>reflection which the Moon ſends upon us, proceed as from a 

<lb></lb>Glaſſe, or elſe, as from a Wall, that is, from a ſmooth ſuperfi­

<lb></lb>cies, or a rugged.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If I were in the Moon it ſelf, I think I could not with 

<lb></lb>my hands more plainly feel the unevenneſſe of its ſuperficies, than 

<lb></lb>I do now perceive it, by apprehending your diſcourſe. </s><s>The Moon 

<lb></lb>beheld in any poſture, in reſpect of the Sun and us, ſheweth us 

<lb></lb>its ſuperficies, touch&#039;t by the Suns rayes, alwayes equally clear; 

<lb></lb>an effect, which anſwers to an hair that of the Wall, which be­

<lb></lb>held from what place ſoever, appeareth equally bright, and dif­

<lb></lb>fereth from the Glaſſe, which from one place onely appeareth lu­

<lb></lb>cid, and from all others obſcure. </s><s>Moreover, the light which 

<lb></lb>cometh to me from the reflection of the Wall, is tollerable, 

<lb></lb>and weak, in compariſon of that of the Glaſſe, which is little 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/065.jpg" pagenum="59"></pb>leſſe forcible and offenſive to the ſight, than that primary and 

<lb></lb>direct light of the Sun. </s><s>And thus without trouble do we behold 

<lb></lb>the face of the Moon; which were it as a Glaſſe, it appearing to 

<lb></lb>us by reaſon of its vicinity, as big as the Sun it ſelf, its ſplendor 

<lb></lb>would be abſolutely intollerable, and would ſeem as if we beheld 

<lb></lb>another Sun.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Aſcribe not, I beſeech you <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> more to my de­

<lb></lb>monſtration, than it produceth. </s><s>I will oppoſe you with an inſtance, 

<lb></lb>which I ſee not well how you can eaſily reſolve. </s><s>You inſiſt upon it 

<lb></lb>as a grand difference between the Moon and Glaſſe, that it emits 

<lb></lb>its reflection towards all parts equally, as doth the Wall; where­

<lb></lb>as the Glaſſe caſts it upon one onely determinate place; and from 

<lb></lb>hence you conclude the Moon to be like to the Wall, and not to 

<lb></lb>the Glaſſe: But I muſt tell you, that that ſame Glaſſe caſts its 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg165"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>reflection on one place onely, becauſe its ſurface is flat, and the 

<lb></lb>reflex rayes being to depart at angles equal to thoſe of the rayes 

<lb></lb>of incidence, it muſt follow that from a plane or flat ſuperficies, 

<lb></lb>they do depart unitedly towards the ſame place; but in regard 

<lb></lb>that the ſuperficies of the Moon is not plain, but ſpherical, and 

<lb></lb>the incident rayes upon ſuch a ſuperficies, being to reflect them­

<lb></lb>ſelves at angles equal to thoſe of the incidence towards all parts, 

<lb></lb>by means of the infinity of the inclinations which compoſe the 

<lb></lb>ſpherical ſuperficies, therefore the Moon may ſend forth its reflecti­

<lb></lb>on every way; and there is no neceſſity for its repercuſſion upon one 

<lb></lb>place onely, as that Glaſſe which is flat.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg165"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Flat Looking­

<lb></lb>glaſſes caſt forth 

<lb></lb>the reflection to­

<lb></lb>wards but one 

<lb></lb>place, but the 

<lb></lb>ſpherical every 

<lb></lb>way.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This is one of the very ſame objections, which I in­

<lb></lb>tended to have made againſt him.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If this be one, you had need have more of them; yet 

<lb></lb>I tell you, that as to this firſt, it ſeems to me to make more a­

<lb></lb>gainſt you, than for you.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>You have pronounced as a thing manifeſt, that the refle­

<lb></lb>ction made by that Wall, is as cleer and lucid as that which the 

<lb></lb>Moon ſends forth, and I eſteem it nothing in compariſon thereto. 

<lb></lb></s><s>“For, in this buſineſſe of the illumination, its requiſite to reſpect, 

<lb></lb>and to diſtinguiſh the <emph type="italics"></emph>Sphere<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of <emph type="italics"></emph>Activity<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and who queſtions 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg166"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>but the Cœleſtial bodies have greater Spheres of activity, than 

<lb></lb>theſe our elementary, frail, and mortal ones? </s><s>and that Wall, 

<lb></lb>finally, what elſe is it but a little obſcure Earth, unapt to 

<lb></lb>ſhine?”</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg166"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſphere of 

<lb></lb>Activity greater 

<lb></lb>in the Cœleſtial 

<lb></lb>bodies than in Ele­

<lb></lb>mentary.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>S<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>AGR. </s><s>And here alſo I believe, that you very much deceive your 

<lb></lb>felf. </s><s>But I come to the firſt objection moved by <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and 

<lb></lb>I conſider, that to make a body appear unto us luminous, it ſuf­

<lb></lb>ficeth not that the rayes of the illuminating body fall upon it, 

<lb></lb>but it is moreover requiſite that the reflex rayes arrive to our 

<lb></lb>eye; as is manifeſtly ſeen in the example of that Glaſſe, upon 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/066.jpg" pagenum="60"></pb>which, without queſtion, the illuminating rayes of the Sun do 

<lb></lb>come; yet nevertheleſſe, it appears not to us bright and ſhining, 

<lb></lb>unleſſe we ſet our eye in that particular place, where the refle­

<lb></lb>ction arriveth. </s><s>Now let us conſider what would ſucceed, were 

<lb></lb>the glaſſe of a ſpherical figure; for without doubt, we ſhould 

<lb></lb>find, that of the reflection made by the whole ſurface illumina­

<lb></lb>ted, that to be but a very ſmall part, which arriveth to the eye 

<lb></lb>of a particular beholder; by reaſon that that is but an inconſide­

<lb></lb>rable particle of the whole ſpherical ſuperficies, the inclination 

<lb></lb>of which caſts the ray to the particular place of the eye; whence 

<lb></lb>the part of the ſpherical ſuperficies, which ſhews it ſelf ſhining 

<lb></lb>to the eye, muſt needs be very ſmall; all the reſt being repre­

<lb></lb>ſented obſcure. </s><s>So that were the Moon ſmooth, as a Looking­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg167"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>glaſſe, a very ſmall part would be ſeen by any particular eye to 

<lb></lb>be illuſtrated by the Sun, although its whole Hemiſphere were ex­

<lb></lb>poſed to the Suns rayes; and the reſt would appear to the eye of 

<lb></lb>the beholder as not illuminated, and therefore inviſible; and 

<lb></lb>finally, the whole Moon would be likewiſe inviſible, for ſo much 

<lb></lb>as that particle, whence the reflection ſhould come, by reaſon of 

<lb></lb>its ſmalneſſe and remoteneſſe, would be loſt. </s><s>And as it would be 

<lb></lb>inviſible to the eye, ſo would it not afford any light; for it is al­

<lb></lb>together impoſſible, that a bright body ſhould take away our 

<lb></lb>darkneſſe by its ſplendor, and we not to ſee it.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg167"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Moon if it 

<lb></lb>were ſmooth, like a 

<lb></lb>ſpherical glaſſe, 

<lb></lb>would be inviſible.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Stay good <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for I ſee ſome emotions in 

<lb></lb>the face and eyes of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which are to me as indices that 

<lb></lb>he is not either very apprehenſive of, or ſatisfied with this which 

<lb></lb>you, with admirable proof, and abſolute truth have ſpoken. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And yet I now call to mind, that I can by another experiment 

<lb></lb>remove all ſcruple. </s><s>I have ſeen above in a Chamber, a great 

<lb></lb>ſpherical Looking-glaſſe; let us ſend for it hither, and whileſt it 

<lb></lb>is in bringing, let <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> return to conſider, how great the 

<lb></lb>clarity is which cometh to the Wall here, under the penthouſe, 

<lb></lb>from the reflection of the flat glaſſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I ſee it is little leſſe ſhining, than if the Sun had di­

<lb></lb>rectly beat upon it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So indeed it is. </s><s>Now tell me, if taking away that ſmall 

<lb></lb>flat glaſſe, we ſhould put that great ſpherical one in the ſame 

<lb></lb>place, what effect (think you) would its reflection have upon the 

<lb></lb>ſame Wall?</s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>S<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>IMPL. </s><s>I believe that it would eject upon it a far greater and 

<lb></lb>more diffuſed light.</s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>S<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>ALV. </s><s>But if the illumination ſhould be nothing, or ſo 

<lb></lb>ſmall, that you would ſcarſe diſcern it, what would you ſay 

<lb></lb>then?</s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>S<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>IMPL. </s><s>When I have ſeen the effect, I will bethink my ſelf 

<lb></lb>of an anſwer.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/067.jpg" pagenum="61"></pb><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>See here is the glaſſe, which I would have to be placed 

<lb></lb>cloſe to the other. </s><s>But firſt let us go yonder towards the reflection 

<lb></lb>of that flat one, and attentively obſerve its clarity; ſee how 

<lb></lb>bright it is here where it ſhines, and how diſtinctly one may diſcern 

<lb></lb>theſe ſmall unevenneſſes in the Wall.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I have ſeen and very well obſerved the ſame, now place 

<lb></lb>the other glaſſe by the ſide of the firſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>See where it is. </s><s>It was placed there aſſoon as you be­

<lb></lb>gan to look upon the Walls ſmall unevenneſſes, and you percei­

<lb></lb>ved it not, ſo great was the encreaſe of the light all over the reſt of 

<lb></lb>the Wall. </s><s>Now take away the flat glaſſe. </s><s>Behold now all refle­

<lb></lb>ction removed, though the great convex glaſſe ſtill remaineth. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Remove this alſo, and place it there again if you pleaſe, and you 

<lb></lb>ſhall ſee no alteration of light in all the Wall. </s><s>See here then de­

<lb></lb>monſtrated to ſenſe, that the reflection of the Sun, made upon a 

<lb></lb>ſpherical convex glaſſe, doth not ſenſibly illuminate the places neer 

<lb></lb>unto it. </s><s>Now what ſay you to this experiment?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I am afraid that there may be ſome <emph type="italics"></emph>Leigerdemain,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>uſed in this affair; yet in beholding that glaſſe I ſee it dart forth 

<lb></lb>a great ſplendor, which dazleth my eyes; and that which im­

<lb></lb>ports moſt of all, I ſee it from what place ſoever I look upon it; 

<lb></lb>and I ſee it go changing ſituation upon the ſuperficies of the glaſſe, 

<lb></lb>which way ſoever I place my ſelf to look upon it; a neceſſary ar­

<lb></lb>gument, that the light is livelily reflected towards every ſide, and 

<lb></lb>conſequently, as ſtrongly upon all that Wall, as upon my eye.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now you ſee how cautiouſly and reſervedly you ought 

<lb></lb>to proceed in lending your aſſent to that, which diſcourſe alone re­

<lb></lb>preſenteth to you. </s><s>There is no doubt but that this which you ſay, 

<lb></lb>carrieth with it probability enough, yet you may ſee, how ſenſi­

<lb></lb>ble experience proves the contrary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>How then doth this come to paſs?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will deliver you my thoughts thereof, but I cannot 

<lb></lb>tell how you may be pleaſ&#039;d therewith. </s><s>And firſt, that lively 

<lb></lb>ſplendor which you ſee upon the glaſs, and which you think occu­

<lb></lb>pieth a good part thereof, is nothing near ſo great, nay is very ex­

<lb></lb>ceeding ſmall; but its livelineſs occaſioneth in your eye, (by means 

<lb></lb>of the reflection made on the humidity of the extream parts of the 

<lb></lb>eye-brows, which diſtendeth upon the pupil) an adventitious irradi­

<lb></lb>ation, like to that blaze which we think we ſee about the flame of 

<lb></lb>a candle placed at ſome diſtance; or if you will, you may 

<lb></lb>reſemble it to the adventitious ſplendor of a ſtar; for if you ſhould 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg168"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>compare the ſmall body <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Canicula,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſeen in the day time 

<lb></lb>with the <emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcope,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> when it is ſeen without ſuch irradiation, with 

<lb></lb>the ſame ſeen by night by the eye it ſelf, you will doubtleſs com­

<lb></lb>prehend that being irradiated, it appeareth above a thouſand 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/068.jpg" pagenum="62"></pb>times bigger than the naked and real body: and a like or greater 

<lb></lb>augmentation doth the image of the Sun make, which you ſee in 

<lb></lb>that glaſs. </s><s>I ſay greater, for that it is more lively than the ſtar, 

<lb></lb>as is manifeſt from our being able to behold the ſtar with much 

<lb></lb>leſs offence, than this reflection of the glaſs. </s><s>The reverberation 

<lb></lb>therefore which is to diſpere it ſelf all over this wall, cometh from 

<lb></lb>a ſmall part of that glaſs, and that which even now came from 

<lb></lb>the whole flat glaſs diſperſed and reſtrain&#039;d it ſelf to a very ſmall 

<lb></lb>part of the ſaid wall. </s><s>What wonder is it then, that the firſt re­

<lb></lb>flection very lively illuminates, and that this other is almoſt im­

<lb></lb>perceptible?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg168"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſmall body of 

<lb></lb>the ſtars fringed 

<lb></lb>round about with 

<lb></lb>rays, appeareth ve­

<lb></lb>ry much biggerthan 

<lb></lb>plain and naked, 

<lb></lb>and in its native 

<lb></lb>clarity.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I find my ſelf more perplexed than ever, and there 

<lb></lb>preſents it ſelf unto me the other difficulty, how it can be that 

<lb></lb>that wall, being of a matter ſo obſcure, and of a ſuperficies ſo un­

<lb></lb>poliſh&#039;d, ſhould be able to dart from it greater light, than a glaſs 

<lb></lb>very ſmooth and polite.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Greater light it is not, but more univerſal; for as to 

<lb></lb>the degree of brightneſs, you ſee that the reflection of that ſmall 

<lb></lb>flat glaſs, where it beamed forth yonder under the ſhadow of the 

<lb></lb>penthouſe, illuminateth very much; and the reſt of the wall which 

<lb></lb>receiveth the reflection of the wall on which the glaſs is placed, 

<lb></lb>is not in any great meaſure illuminated, as was the ſmall part on 

<lb></lb>which the reflection of the glaſs fell. </s><s>And if you would under­

<lb></lb>ſtand the whole of this buſineſs, you muſt conſider that the ſuper­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg169"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ficies of that wall&#039;s being rough, is the ſame as if it were compo­

<lb></lb>ſed of innumerable ſmall ſuperficies, diſpoſed according to in­

<lb></lb>numerable diverſities of inclinations: amongſt which it neceſſa­

<lb></lb>rily happens, that there are many diſpoſed to ſend forth their 

<lb></lb>reflex rays from them into ſuch a place, many others into another: 

<lb></lb>and in ſum, there is not any place to which there comes not very 

<lb></lb>many rays, reflected from very many ſmall ſuperficies, diſperſed 

<lb></lb>throughout the whole ſuperficies of the rugged body, upon which 

<lb></lb>the rays of the Sun fall. </s><s>From which it neceſſarily follow­

<lb></lb>eth, That upon any, whatſoever, part of any ſuperficies, 

<lb></lb>oppoſed to that which receiveth the primary incident rays, 

<lb></lb>there is produced reflex rays, and conſequently illumi­

<lb></lb>nation. </s><s>There doth alſo follow thereupon, That the ſame 

<lb></lb>body upon which the illuminating rays fall, beheld from 

<lb></lb>whatſoever place, appeareth all illuminated and ſhining: and 

<lb></lb>therefore the Moon, as being of a ſuperficies rugged and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg170"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>not ſmooth, beameth forth the light of the Sun on every 

<lb></lb>ſide, and to all beholders appeareth equally lucid. </s><s>But if 

<lb></lb>the ſurface of it, being ſpherical, were alſo ſmooth as a glaſs, it 

<lb></lb>would become wholly inviſible; foraſmuch as that ſmall part, 

<lb></lb>from which the image of the Sun ſhould be reflected unto the eye 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/069.jpg" pagenum="63"></pb>of a particular perſon, by reaſon of its great diſtance would be in­

<lb></lb>viſible, as I have ſaid before.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg169"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The reflex light 

<lb></lb>of uneven bodies, is 

<lb></lb>more univerſal 

<lb></lb>than that of the 

<lb></lb>ſmooth, &amp; why.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg170"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Moon, if it 

<lb></lb>were ſmooth and 

<lb></lb>ſleek, would be in­

<lb></lb>viſible.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I am very apprehenſive of your diſcourſe; yet me­

<lb></lb>thinks I am able to reſolve the ſame with very little trouble; and 

<lb></lb>eaſily to maintain, that the Moon is rotund and polite, and that it 

<lb></lb>reflects the Suns light unto us in manner of a glaſs; nor there­

<lb></lb>fore ought the image of the Sun to be ſeen in the middle of it, “for­

<lb></lb>aſmuch as the ſpecies of the Sun it ſelf admits not its ſmall figure 

<lb></lb>to be ſeen at ſo great a diſtance, but the light produced by the 

<lb></lb>Sun may help us to conceive that it illuminateth the whole Lu­

<lb></lb>nar Body: a like effect we may ſee in a plate gilded and well 

<lb></lb>polliſh&#039;d, which touch&#039;t by a luminous body, appeareth to him 

<lb></lb>that beholds it at ſome diſtance to be all ſhining; and onely near 

<lb></lb>at hand one may diſcover in the middle of it the ſmall image of 

<lb></lb>the luminous body.”</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Ingenuouſly confeſſing my dullneſs of apprehenſion, 

<lb></lb>I muſt tell you, that I underſtand not any thing of this your diſ­

<lb></lb>courſe, ſave onely what concerns the gilt plate: and if you permit 

<lb></lb>me to ſpeak freely, I have a great conceit that you alſo underſtand 

<lb></lb>not the ſame, but have learnt by heart thoſe words written by ſome 

<lb></lb>one out of a deſire of contradiction, and to ſhew himſelf more intel­

<lb></lb>ligent than his adverſary; but it muſt be to thoſe, which to appear 

<lb></lb>alſo more wiſe, applaud that which they do not underſtand, and 

<lb></lb>entertain a greater conceit of perſons, the leſs they are by them 

<lb></lb>underſtood: and the writer himſelf may be one of thoſe (of which 

<lb></lb>there are many) who write what they do not underſtand, and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg171"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>conſequently underſtand not what they write. </s><s>Therefore, o­

<lb></lb>mitting the reſt, I reply, as to the gilt plate, that if it be flat and 

<lb></lb>not very big, it may appear at a diſtance very bright, whilſt a great 

<lb></lb>light beameth upon it, but yet it muſt be when the eye is in a de­

<lb></lb>terminate line, namely in that of the reflex rays: and it will ap­

<lb></lb>pear the more ſhining, if it were <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of ſilver, by means of its 

<lb></lb>being burniſhed, and apt through the great denſity of the metal, 

<lb></lb>to receive a perfect poliſh. </s><s>And though its ſuperficies, being very 

<lb></lb>well brightned, were not exactly plain, but ſhould have various in­

<lb></lb>clinations, yet then alſo would its ſplendor be ſeen many ways; 

<lb></lb>namely, from as many places as the various reflections, made by 

<lb></lb>the ſeveral ſuperficies, do reach: for therefore are Diamonds 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg172"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ground to many ſides, that ſo their pleaſing luſtre might be beheld 

<lb></lb>from many places. </s><s>But if the Plate were very big, though it ſhould 

<lb></lb>be all plain, yet would it not at a diſtance appear all over ſhining: 

<lb></lb>and the better to expreſs my ſelf, Let us ſuppoſe a very large gilt 

<lb></lb>plate expoſed to the Sun, it will ſhew to an eye far diſtant, the 

<lb></lb>image of the Sun, to occupy no more but a certain part of the ſaid 

<lb></lb>plate; to wit, that from whence the reflection of the incident 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/070.jpg" pagenum="64"></pb>ſolar rays come: but it is true that by the vivacity of the light, the 

<lb></lb>ſaid image will appear fringed about with many rays, and ſo will 

<lb></lb>ſeem to occupie a far greater part of the plate, than really it doth. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And to ſhew that this is true, when you have noted the particular 

<lb></lb>place of the plate from whence the reflection cometh, and concei­

<lb></lb>ved likewiſe how great the ſhining place appeared to you, cover the 

<lb></lb>greater part of that ſame ſpace, leaving it only viſible about the 

<lb></lb>midſt; and all this ſhall not any whit diminiſh the apparent ſplen­

<lb></lb>dor to one that beholds it from afar; but you ſhall ſee it largely 

<lb></lb>diſpers&#039;d upon the cloth or other matter, wherewith you covered 

<lb></lb>it. </s><s>If therefore any one, by ſeeing from a good diſtance a ſmall 

<lb></lb>gilt plate to be all over ſhining, ſhould imagine that the ſame 

<lb></lb>would alſo even in a plate as broad as the Moon, he is no leſs de­

<lb></lb>ceived, than if he ſhould believe the Moon to be no bigger than 

<lb></lb>the bottom of a tub. </s><s>If again the plate were turn&#039;d into a ſphe­

<lb></lb>rical ſuperficies, the reflection would be ſeen ſtrong in but one ſole 

<lb></lb>particle of it; but yet by reaſon of its livelineſs, it will appear 

<lb></lb>fringed about with many glittering rays: the reſt of the Ball would 

<lb></lb>appear according as it was burniſhed; and this alſo onely then 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg173"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>when it was not very much poliſhed, for ſhould it be perfectly 

<lb></lb>brightned, it would appear obſcure. </s><s>An example of this we 

<lb></lb>have dayly before our eyes in ſilver veſſels, which whilſt they are 

<lb></lb>only boyl&#039;d in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Argol<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Salt,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> they are all as white as ſnow, and 

<lb></lb>do not reflect any image; but if they be in any part burniſh&#039;d, they 

<lb></lb>become in that place preſently obſcure: and in them one may ſee the 

<lb></lb>repreſentation of any thing as in Looking-glaſſes. </s><s>And that chan­

<lb></lb>to obſcurity, proceeds from nothing elſe but the ſmoothing and 

<lb></lb>plaining of a fine grain, which made the ſuperficies of the ſilver 

<lb></lb>rough, and yet ſuch, as that it reflected the light into all parts, 

<lb></lb>whereby it ſeemed from all parts equally illuminated: which 

<lb></lb>ſmall unevenneſſes, when they come to be exquiſitely plained by 

<lb></lb>the burniſh, ſo that the reflection of the rays of incidence are all 

<lb></lb>directed unto one determinate place; then, from that ſame place, 

<lb></lb>the burniſh&#039;d part ſhall ſhew much more bright and ſhining than 

<lb></lb>the reſt which is onely whitened by boyling; but from all other 

<lb></lb>places it looks very obſcure. </s><s>And note, that the diverſity of 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg174"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſights of looking upon burniſh&#039;d ſuperficies, occaſioneth ſuch 

<lb></lb>difference in appearances, that to imitate and repreſent in picture, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a poliſh&#039;d Cuirace, one muſt couple black plains with white, 

<lb></lb>one ſideways to the other, in thoſe parts of the arms where the 

<lb></lb>light falleth equally.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg171"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Some write what 

<lb></lb>they underſtand 

<lb></lb>not, and therefore 

<lb></lb>underſtand not 

<lb></lb>what they write.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg172"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Diamonds ground 

<lb></lb>to divers ſides, &amp; 

<lb></lb>why.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg173"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Silver burniſhed 

<lb></lb>appears more ob­

<lb></lb>ſcuee, than the not 

<lb></lb>burniſhed, &amp; why.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg174"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Burniſh&#039;d Steel 

<lb></lb>beheld from one 

<lb></lb>place appears very 

<lb></lb>bright, and from 

<lb></lb>another, very ob­

<lb></lb>ſcure.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If therefore theſe great Philoſophers would acquieſe 

<lb></lb>in granting, that the Moon, <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the other Planets, were not 

<lb></lb>of ſo bright and ſmooth a ſurface as a Looking-glaſs, but wanted 

<lb></lb>ſome ſmall matter of it, namely, were as a ſilver plate, onely boyled 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/071.jpg" pagenum="65"></pb>white, but not burniſhed; would this yet ſuffice to the making 

<lb></lb>of it viſible, and apt for darting forth the light of the Sun?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It would ſuffice in part; but would not give a light ſo 

<lb></lb>ſtrong, as it doth being mountainous, and in ſum, full of 

<lb></lb>eminencies and great cavities. </s><s>But theſe Philoſophers will never 

<lb></lb>yield it to be leſſe polite than a glaſſe; but far more, if more it 

<lb></lb>can be imagined; for they eſteeming that to perfect bodies perfect 

<lb></lb>figures are moſt ſutable; it is neceſſary, that the ſphericity of thoſe 

<lb></lb>Cœleſtial Globes be moſt exact; beſides, that if they ſhould 

<lb></lb>grant me ſome inequality, though never ſo ſmall, I would not 

<lb></lb>ſcruple to take any other greater; for that ſuch perfection conſiſt­

<lb></lb>ing in indiviſibles, an hair doth as much detract from its perfection 

<lb></lb>as a mountain.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Here I meet with two difficulties, one is to know the 

<lb></lb>reaſon why the greater inequality of ſuperficies maketh the ſtron­

<lb></lb>ger reflection of light; the other is, why theſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Gen­

<lb></lb>tlemen are for this exact figure.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will anſwer to the firſt; and leave to <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplieius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg175"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>care of making reply to the ſecond. </s><s>You muſt know therefore, 

<lb></lb>that the ſame ſuperficies happen to be by the ſame light more or leſs 

<lb></lb>illuminated, according as the rayes of illumination fall upon them 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg176"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>more or leſſe obliquely; ſo that the greateſt illumination is where 

<lb></lb>the rayes are perpendicular. </s><s>And ſee, how I will prove it to your 

<lb></lb>ſenſe. </s><s>I bend this paper, ſo, that one part of it makes an angle 

<lb></lb>upon the other: and expoſing both theſe parts to the reflection of 

<lb></lb>the light of that oppoſite Wall, you ſee how this ſide which re­

<lb></lb>ceiveth the rayes obliquely, is leſſe ſhining than this other, where 

<lb></lb>the reflection fals at right angles; and obſerve, that as I by 

<lb></lb>degrees receive the illumination more obliquely, it groweth 

<lb></lb>weaker.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg175"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The more rough 

<lb></lb>ſuperficies make 

<lb></lb>greater reflection 

<lb></lb>of light, than the 

<lb></lb>leſs rough.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg176"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Perpendicular 

<lb></lb>rays illuminate 

<lb></lb>more than the ob­

<lb></lb>lique, and why.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I ſee the effect, but comprehend not the cauſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If you thought upon it but a minute of an hour, you 

<lb></lb>would find it; but that I may not waſte the time, ſee a kind of 

<lb></lb>demonſtration thereof in <emph type="italics"></emph>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The bare ſight of this Figure hath fully ſatisfied me, 

<lb></lb>therefore proceed.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Pray you let me hear you out, for I am not of ſo 

<lb></lb>quick an apprehenſion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Fancie to your ſelf, that all the paralel lines, which you 

<lb></lb>ſee to depart from the terms A. B. are the rays which fall upon the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg177"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>line C. D. at right angles: then incline the ſaid C. D. till it hang 

<lb></lb>as D. O. now do not you ſee that a great part of thoſe rays which 

<lb></lb>peirce C. D. paſs by without touching D. O? </s><s>If therefore D. O. 

<lb></lb>be illuminated by fewer rays, it is very reaſonable, that the light 

<lb></lb>received by it be more weak. </s><s>Let us return now to the Moon, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/072.jpg" pagenum="66"></pb>which being of a ſpherical figure, if its ſuperficies were ſmooth, as 

<lb></lb>this paper, the parts of its hemiſphere illuminated by the Sun, 

<lb></lb>which are towards its extremity, would receive much leſs light, 

<lb></lb>than the middle parts; the rays falling upon them moſt obliquely, 

<lb></lb>and upon theſe at right angles; whereupon at the time of full 

<lb></lb>Moon, when we ſee almoſt its whole Hemiſphere illuminated, the 

<lb></lb>parts towards the midſt, would ſhew themſelves to us with more 

<lb></lb>ſplendor, than thoſe others towards the circumference: which is 

<lb></lb>not ſo in effect. </s><s>Now the face of the Moon being repreſented 

<lb></lb>to me full of indifferent high mountains, do not you ſee how their 

<lb></lb>tops and continuate ridges, being elevated above the convexity of 

<lb></lb>the perfect ſpherical ſuperficies, come to be expoſed to the view 

<lb></lb>of the Sun, and accommodated to receive its rays much leſs ob­

<lb></lb>liquely, and conſequently to appear as luminous as the reſt?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg177"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The more oblique 

<lb></lb>Rayes illuminate 

<lb></lb>leß, and why.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>All this I well perceive: and if there are ſuch moun­

<lb></lb>tains, its true, the Sun will dart upon them much more directly 

<lb></lb>than it would do upon the inclination of a polite ſuperficies: but 

<lb></lb>it is alſo true, that betwixt thoſe mountains all the valleys would 

<lb></lb>become obſcure, by reaſon of the vaſt ſhadows, which in that 

<lb></lb>time would be caſt from the mountains, whereas the parts towards 

<lb></lb>the middle, though full of valleys and hills, by reaſon they have 

<lb></lb>the Sun elevated, would appear without ſhadow, and therefore 

<lb></lb>more lucid by far than the extreme parts, which are no leſs diffu­

<lb></lb>ſed with ſhadow than light, and yet we can perceive no ſuch diffe­

<lb></lb>rence.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I was ruminating upon the like difficulty.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>How much readier is <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to apprehend the ob­

<lb></lb>jections which favour the opinions of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> than their ſoluti­

<lb></lb>ons? </s><s>I have a kind of ſuſpition, that he ſtrives alſo ſometimes to 

<lb></lb>diſſemble them; and in the preſent caſe, he being of himſelf able 

<lb></lb>to hit upon the doubt, which yet is very ingenious, I cannot be­

<lb></lb>lieve but that he alſo was adviſ&#039;d of the anſwer; wherefore I will 

<lb></lb>attempt to wreſt the ſame (as they ſay) out of his mouth. </s><s>There­

<lb></lb>fore tell me, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> do you think there can be any ſhadow, 

<lb></lb>where the rays of the Sun do ſhine?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I believe, nay I am certain that there cannot; for that 

<lb></lb>it being the grand luminary, which with its rays driveth away dark­

<lb></lb>neſs, it is impoſſible any tenebroſity ſhould remain where it com­

<lb></lb>eth; moreover, we have the definition, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Tenebræ ſunt priva­

<lb></lb>tio luminis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore the Sun, beholding the Earth, Moon or o­

<lb></lb>ther opacous body, never ſeeth any of its ſhady parts, it not ha­

<lb></lb>ving any other eyes to ſee with, ſave its rays, the conveyers of 

<lb></lb>light: and conſequently, one ſtanding in the Sun would never 

<lb></lb>ſee any thing of umbrage, foraſmuch as his viſive rays would ever 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/073.jpg" pagenum="67"></pb>go accompanied with thoſe illuminating beams of the Sun.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This is true, without any contradiction.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But when the Moon is oppoſite to the Sun, what dif­

<lb></lb>ference is there between the tract of the rayes of your ſight, and 

<lb></lb>that motion which the Suns rayes make?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Now I underſtand you; for you would ſay, that the 

<lb></lb>rayes of the ſight and thoſe of the Sun, moving by the ſame lines, 

<lb></lb>we cannot perceive any of the obſcure valleys of the Moon. </s><s>Be 

<lb></lb>pleaſed to change this your opinion, that I have either ſimulation 

<lb></lb>or diſſimulation in me; for I proteſt unto you, as I am a Gentle­

<lb></lb>man, that I did not gueſſe at this ſolution, nor ſhould I have 

<lb></lb>thought upon it, without your help, or without long ſtudy.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The reſolutions, which between you two have been 

<lb></lb>alledged touching this laſt doubt, hath, to ſpeak the truth, ſatisfi­

<lb></lb>ed me alſo. </s><s>But at the ſame time this conſideration of the vi­

<lb></lb>fible rayes accompanying the rayes of the Sun, hath begotten in me 

<lb></lb>another ſcruple, about the other part, but I know not whether I 

<lb></lb>can expreſſe it right, or no: for it but juſt now comming into my 

<lb></lb>mind, I have not yet methodized it to my mind: but let us ſee if 

<lb></lb>we can, all together, make it intelligible. </s><s>There is no queſtion, 

<lb></lb>but that the parts towards the circumference of that poliſh&#039;t, but not 

<lb></lb>burniſh&#039;t Hemiſphere, which is illuminated by the Sun, receiving the 

<lb></lb>rayes obliquely, receive much fewer thereof, than the middle­

<lb></lb>moſt parts, which receive them directly. </s><s>And its poſſible, that a 

<lb></lb>tract or ſpace of <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> twenty degrees in breadth, and which is to­

<lb></lb>wards the extremity of the Hemiſphere, may not receive more rays 

<lb></lb>than another towards the middle parts, of but four degree broad: 

<lb></lb>ſo that that doubtleſs will be much more obſcure than this; and 

<lb></lb>ſuch it will appear to whoever ſhall behold them both in the face, 

<lb></lb>or (as I may ſay) in their full magnitude. </s><s>But if the eye of the 

<lb></lb>beholder were conſtituted in ſuch a place, that the breadth of the 

<lb></lb>twenty degrees of the obſcure ſpace, appeared not to it longer 

<lb></lb>than one of four degrees, placed in the midſt of the Hemiſphere, 

<lb></lb>I hold it not impoſſible for it to appear to the ſaid beholder e­

<lb></lb>qually clear and lucid with the other; becauſe, finally, between 

<lb></lb>two equal angles, to wit, of four degrees apiece, there come to 

<lb></lb>the eye the reflections of two equal numbers of rayes: namely, 

<lb></lb>thoſe which are reflected from the middlemoſt ſpace, four degrees 

<lb></lb>in breadth, and thoſe reflected from the other of twenty degrees, 

<lb></lb>but ſeen by compreſſion, under the quantity of four degrees: and 

<lb></lb>ſuch a ſituation ſhall the eye obtain, when it is placed between the 

<lb></lb>ſaid Hemiſphere, and the body which illuminates it; for then the 

<lb></lb>ſight and rayes move in the ſame lines. </s><s>It ſeemeth not impoſſible 

<lb></lb>therefore, but that the Moon may be of a very equal ſuperficies; 

<lb></lb>and that nevertheleſſe, it may appear when it is at the full, no leſs 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/074.jpg" pagenum="68"></pb>light in the extremities, than in the middle parts.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The doubt is ingenious and worthy of conſideration; 

<lb></lb>and as it but juſt now came into your mind unawares, ſo I will 

<lb></lb>like wiſe anſwer with what firſt comes into my thoughts, and it may 

<lb></lb>happily fall out, that by thinking more upon it, I may ſtumble 

<lb></lb>upon a better reply. </s><s>But before, that I labyrinth my ſelf any far­

<lb></lb>ther, it would be neceſſary, that we aſſure our ſelves by ſome ex­

<lb></lb>periment, whether your objection prove in effect, what it ſeemeth 

<lb></lb>to conclude in appearance; and therefore taking once more the 

<lb></lb>ſame paper, and making it to incline, by bending a little part 

<lb></lb>thereof upon the remainder, let us try whether expoſing it to the 

<lb></lb>Sun, ſo that the rayes of light fall upon the leſſer part directly, 

<lb></lb>and upon the other obliquely; this which receiveth the rayes direct­

<lb></lb>ly appeareth more lucid; and ſee here by manifeſt experience, 

<lb></lb>that it is notably more clear. </s><s>Now if your objection be concluſive, 

<lb></lb>it will follow, that ſtooping with our eye ſo, that in beholding 

<lb></lb>the other greater part, leſs illuminated, in compreſſion or fore­

<lb></lb>ſhortning, it appear unto us no bigger than the other, more ſhining; 

<lb></lb>and that conſequently, it be not beheld at a greater angle than 

<lb></lb>that; it will neceſſarily enſue, I ſay, that its light be encreaſed, ſo 

<lb></lb>that it do ſeem to us as bright as the other. </s><s>See how I behold, and 

<lb></lb>look upon it ſo obliquely, that it appeareth to me narrower than 

<lb></lb>the other; but yet, notwithſtanding its obſcurity, doth not to 

<lb></lb>my perceiving, at all grow clearer. </s><s>Try now if the ſame ſucceed 

<lb></lb>to you.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I have look&#039;t upon it, and though I have ſtooped with 

<lb></lb>my eye, yet cannot I ſee the ſaid ſuperficies encreaſe in light or 

<lb></lb>clarity; nay me thinks it rather grows more dusky.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We are hitherto confident of the invalidity of the ob­

<lb></lb>jection; In the next place, as to the ſolution, I believe, that, by 

<lb></lb>reaſon the Superficies of this paper is little leſſe than ſmooth, the 

<lb></lb>rayes are very few, which be reflected towards the point of inci­

<lb></lb>dence, in compariſon of the multitude, which are reflected to­

<lb></lb>wards the oppoſite parts; and that of thoſe few more and more 

<lb></lb>are loſt, the nearer the viſive rayes approach to thoſe lucid rayes 

<lb></lb>of incidence; and becauſe it is not the incident rayes, but thoſe 

<lb></lb>which are reflected to the eye, that make the object appear lu­

<lb></lb>minous; therefore, in ſtooping the eye, there is more loſt than got, 

<lb></lb>as you your ſelf confeſſe to have ſeen in looking upon the obſcu­

<lb></lb>rer part of the paper.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I reſt ſatisfied with this experiment and reaſon: It re­

<lb></lb>mains now, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> anſwer to my other queſtion, and tell 

<lb></lb>me what moves the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to require this ſo exact rotundity 

<lb></lb>in the Cœleſtial bodies.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>The Cœleſtial bodies being ingenerable, inalterable, im­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/075.jpg" pagenum="69"></pb>paſſible, immortal, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> they muſt needs be abſolutely perfect; and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg178"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>their being abſolute perfect, neceſſarily implies that there is in them 

<lb></lb>all kinds of perfection; and conſequently, that their figure be alſo 

<lb></lb>perfect, that is to ſay, ſpherical; and abſolutely and perfectly 

<lb></lb>ſpherical, and not rough and irregular.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg178"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Perfect ſphericity 

<lb></lb>why aſcribed to 

<lb></lb>Cœlestial bodies, 

<lb></lb>by the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Peripate­

<lb></lb>ticks.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And this incorruptibility, from whence do you prove 

<lb></lb>it?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Immediately by its freedom from contraries, and me­

<lb></lb>diately, by its ſimple circular motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that; by what I gather from your diſcourſe, in ma­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg179"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>king the eſſence of the Cœleſtial bodies to be incorruptible, inal­

<lb></lb>terable, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> there is no need of rotundity as a cauſe, or requi­

<lb></lb>ſite; for if this ſhould cauſe inalterability, we might at our plea­

<lb></lb>ſure make wood, wax, and other Elementary matters, incorrup­

<lb></lb>tible, by reducing them to a ſpherical figure.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg179"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Figure is not 

<lb></lb>the cauſe of incor­

<lb></lb>ruptibility, but of 

<lb></lb>longer duration.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>And is it not manifeſt that a ball of Wood will better 

<lb></lb>and longer be preferved, than an oblong, or other angular fi­

<lb></lb>gure, made of a like quantity of the ſame wood.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is moſt certain, but yet it doth not of corruptible 

<lb></lb>become incorruptible, but ſtill remains corruptible, though of a 

<lb></lb>much longer duration. </s><s>Therefore you muſt note, that a thing cor­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg180"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ruptible, is capable of being more or leſſe ſuch, and we may 

<lb></lb>properly ſay this is leſſe corruptible than that; as for example, the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Jaſper,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> than the <emph type="italics"></emph>Pietra Sirena<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; but incorruptibility admits not 

<lb></lb>of more, or leſſe, ſo as that it may be ſaid this is more incorrupti­

<lb></lb>ble than that, if both be incorruptible and eternal. </s><s>The diver­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg181"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſity of figure therefore cannot operate: ſave onely in matters ca­

<lb></lb>pable of more or leſſe duration; but in the eternal, which can­

<lb></lb>not be other than equally eternal, the operation of figure ceaſeth. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And therefore, ſince the Cœleſtial matter is not incorruptible by 

<lb></lb>figure, but otherwayes no man needs to be ſo ſolicitous for this 

<lb></lb>perfect ſphericity; for if the matter be incorruptible, let it have 

<lb></lb>what figure it will, it ſhall be alwayes ſuch.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg180"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Corruptibility ad­

<lb></lb>mits of more or 

<lb></lb>leſſe; ſo doth noe 

<lb></lb>incorruptibiliiy.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg181"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The perfection of 

<lb></lb>figure, operateth 

<lb></lb>in corruptible bo­

<lb></lb>dies, but not in the 

<lb></lb>eternal.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But I am conſidering another thing, and ſay, that if 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg182"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>we ſhould grant the ſpherical figure a faculty of conferring incor­

<lb></lb>ruptibility, all bodies of whatſoever figure, would be incorrupti­

<lb></lb>ble; foraſmuch as if the rotund body be incorruptible, corrupti­

<lb></lb>bility would then ſubſiſt in thoſe parts which alter the perfect ro­

<lb></lb>tundity; as for inſtance, there is in a <emph type="italics"></emph>Die<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a body perfectly round, 

<lb></lb>and, as ſuch, incorruptible; therefore it remaineth that thoſe an­

<lb></lb>gles be corruptible which cover and hide the rotundity; ſo that 

<lb></lb>the moſt that could happen, would be, that thoſe angles, and 

<lb></lb>(to ſo ſpeak) excreſcencies, would corrupt. </s><s>But if we proceed to a 

<lb></lb>more inward conſideration, that in thoſe parts alſo towards the 

<lb></lb>angles, there are compriſed other leſſer bals of the ſame matter; 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/076.jpg" pagenum="70"></pb>and therefore they alſo, as being round, muſt be alſo incorrup­

<lb></lb>tible; and likewife in the remainders, which environ theſe eight 

<lb></lb>leſſer Spheres, a man may underſtand that there are others: ſo 

<lb></lb>that in the end, reſolving the whole <emph type="italics"></emph>Die<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> into innumerable balls, 

<lb></lb>it muſt neceſſarily be granted incorruptible. </s><s>And the ſame diſ­

<lb></lb>courſe and reſolution may be made in all other figures.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg182"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>If the ſpherical fi­

<lb></lb>gure conferreth e­

<lb></lb>ternity, all bodies 

<lb></lb>would be eternal.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Your method in making the concluſion, for if <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a 

<lb></lb>round Chryſtal were, by reaſon of its figure, incorruptible; namely, 

<lb></lb>received from thence a faculy of reſiſting all internal and external 

<lb></lb>alterations, we ſhould not find, that the joyning to it other Chry­

<lb></lb>ſtal, and reducing it <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> into a Cube, would any whit alter it 

<lb></lb>within, or without; ſo as that it would thereupon become leſſe 

<lb></lb>apt to reſiſt the new ambient, made of the ſame matter, than it 

<lb></lb>was to reſiſt the other, of a matter different; and eſpecially, if 

<lb></lb>it be true, that corruption is generated by contraries, as <emph type="italics"></emph>Ari­

<lb></lb>ſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſaith; and with what can you encloſe that ball of Cryſtal, 

<lb></lb>that is leſſe contrary to it, than Cryſtal it ſelf? </s><s>But we are not a­

<lb></lb>ware how time flies away; and it will be too late before we come 

<lb></lb>to an end of our diſpute, if we ſhould make ſo long diſcourſes, 

<lb></lb>upon every particular; beſides our memories are ſo confounded 

<lb></lb>in the multiplicity of notions, that I can very hardly recal to 

<lb></lb>mind the Propotſiions, which I propoſed in order to <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>for our conſideration.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I very well remember them: And as to this particular 

<lb></lb>queſtion of the montuoſity of the Moon, there yet remains un­

<lb></lb>anſwered that which I have alledged, as the cauſe, (and which 

<lb></lb>may very well ſerve for a ſolution) of that <emph type="italics"></emph>Phænomenon,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſaying, 

<lb></lb>that it is an illuſion proceeding from the parts of the Moon, be­

<lb></lb>ing unequally opacous, and perſpicuous.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Even now, when <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> aſcribed the apparent Pro­

<lb></lb>tnberancies or unevenneſſes of the Moon (according to the opinion 

<lb></lb>of a certain <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> his friend) to the diverſly opacous, and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg183"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>perſpicuous parts of the ſaid Moon, conformable to which the like 

<lb></lb>illuſions are ſeen in Cryſtal, and Jems of divers kinds, I bethought 

<lb></lb>my ſelf of a matter much more commodious for the repreſenting 

<lb></lb>ſuch effects; which is ſuch, that I verily believe, that that Philoſo­

<lb></lb>pher would give any price for it; and it is the mother of Pearl, which 

<lb></lb>is wrought into divers figures, and though it be brought to an ex­

<lb></lb>treme evenneſſe, yet it ſeemeth to the eye in ſeveral parts, ſo vari­

<lb></lb>ouſly hollow and knotty, that we can ſcarce credit our feeling of 

<lb></lb>their evenneſſe.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg183"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Mother of Pearl 

<lb></lb>accommodated to 

<lb></lb>imitate the appa­

<lb></lb>rent unevenneſſes 

<lb></lb>of the Moons ſur­

<lb></lb>face.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This invention is truly ingenious; and that which hath 

<lb></lb>not been done already, may be done in time to come; and if 

<lb></lb>there have been produced other Jems, and Cryſtals, which have 

<lb></lb>nothing to do with the illuſions of the mother of Pearl, theſe may 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/077.jpg" pagenum="71"></pb>be produced alſo; in the mean time, that I may not prevent any 

<lb></lb>one, I will ſuppreſſe the anſwer which might be given, and onely 

<lb></lb>for this time betake my ſelf to ſatisfie the objections brought by 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I ſay therefore, that this reaſon of yours is too ge­

<lb></lb>neral, and as you apply it not to all the appearances one by one; 

<lb></lb>which are ſeen in the Moon, and for which my ſelf and others 

<lb></lb>are induced to hold it mountainous, I believe you will not find 

<lb></lb>any one that will be ſatisfied with ſuch a doctrine; nor can I think, 

<lb></lb>that either you, or the Author himſelf, find in it any greater 

<lb></lb>quietude, than in any other thing wide from the purpoſe. </s><s>Of the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg184"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>very many ſeveral appearances which are ſeen night by night in 

<lb></lb>the courſe of Moon, you cannot imitate ſo much as one, by making 

<lb></lb>a Ball at your choice, more or leſs opacous and perſpicuous, and 

<lb></lb>that is of a polite ſuperficies; whereas on the contrary, one may 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg185"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>make Balls of any ſolid matter whatſoever, that is not tranſparent, 

<lb></lb>which onely with eminencies and cavities, and by receiving the il­

<lb></lb>lumination ſeveral ways, ſhall repreſent the ſame appearances and 

<lb></lb>mutations to an hair, which from hour to hour are diſcovered in 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg186"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the Moon. </s><s>In them you ſhall ſee the ledges of Hills expoſed to 

<lb></lb>the Suns light, to be very ſhining, and after them the projections 

<lb></lb>of their ſhadows very obſcure; you ſhall ſee them greater and leſs, 

<lb></lb>according as the ſaid eminencies ſhall be more or leſs diſtant from 

<lb></lb>the confines which diſtinguiſh the parts of the Moon illuminated, 

<lb></lb>from the obſcure: you ſhall ſee the ſame term and confine, not 

<lb></lb>equally diftended, as it would be if the Ball were poliſh&#039;d, but 

<lb></lb>craggie and rugged. </s><s>You ſhall ſee beyond the ſame term, in the 

<lb></lb>dark parts of the Moon many bright prominencies, and diſtinct 

<lb></lb>from the reſt of the illuminations: you ſhall ſee the ſhadows a­

<lb></lb>foreſaid, according as the illumination gradually riſeth, to demi­

<lb></lb>niſh by degrees, till they wholly diſappear; nor are there any of 

<lb></lb>them to be ſeen when the whole Hemiſphere is enlightned. </s><s>A­

<lb></lb>gain on the contrary, in the lights paſſage towards the other He­

<lb></lb>miſphere of the Moon, you ſhall again obſerve the ſame eminen­

<lb></lb>cies that were marked, and you ſhall ſee the projections of their 

<lb></lb>ſhadows to be made a contrary way, and to decreaſe by degrees: 

<lb></lb>of which things, once more I ſay, you cannot ſhew me ſo much as 

<lb></lb>one in yours that are opacous and perſpicuous.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg184"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The apparent un­

<lb></lb>evenneſſes of the 

<lb></lb>Moon cannot be i­

<lb></lb>mitated by way of 

<lb></lb>more and leſs opa­

<lb></lb>city &amp; perſpicuity.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg185"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The various a­

<lb></lb>ſpects of the Moon, 

<lb></lb>imitable with any 

<lb></lb>opacous matter.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg186"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Various appear an­

<lb></lb>ces from which the 

<lb></lb>Moons montuoſity 

<lb></lb>is argued.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>One of them certainly he may imitate, namely, that of 

<lb></lb>the Full-Moon, when by reaſon of its being all illuminated, there 

<lb></lb>is not to be ſeen either ſhadow, or other thing, which receiveth 

<lb></lb>any alteration from its eminencies and cavities. </s><s>But I beſeech 

<lb></lb>you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> let us ſpend no more time on this Argument, for 

<lb></lb>a perſon that hath had but the patience to make obſervation of but 

<lb></lb>one or two Lunations, and is not ſatisfied with this moſt ſenſible 

<lb></lb>truth, may well be adjudged void of all judgment; and upon 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/078.jpg" pagenum="72"></pb>ſuch why ſhould we throw away our time and breath in vain?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPI. </s><s>I muſt confeſs I have not made the obſervations, for 

<lb></lb>that I never had ſo much curioſity, or the Inſtruments proper for 

<lb></lb>the buſineſs; but I will not fail to do it. </s><s>In the mean time, we 

<lb></lb>may leave this queſtion in ſuſpenſe, and paſs to that point which 

<lb></lb>follows, producing the motives inducing you to think that the 

<lb></lb>Earth may reflect the light of the Sun no leſs forceably than the 

<lb></lb>Moon, for it ſeems to me ſo obſcure and opacous, that I judg ſuch 

<lb></lb>an effect altogether impoſſible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The cauſe for which you repute the Earth unapt for 

<lb></lb>illumination, may rather evince the contrary: And would it not 

<lb></lb>be ſtrange, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if I ſhould apprehend your diſcourſes bet­

<lb></lb>ter than you your ſelf?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Whether I argue well or ill, it may be, that you may 

<lb></lb>better underſtand the ſame than I; but be it ill or well that I 

<lb></lb>diſcourſe, I ſhall never believe that you can penetrate what I mean 

<lb></lb>better than I my ſelf.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Well, I will make you believe the ſame preſently. </s><s>Tell 

<lb></lb>me a little, when the Moon is near the Full, ſo that it may be ſeen 

<lb></lb>by day, and alſo at midnight, at what do you think it more ſplen­

<lb></lb>did, by day or by night?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>By night, without all compariſon. </s><s>And methinks 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg187"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the Moon reſembleth that pillar of Clouds and pillar of Fire, 

<lb></lb>which guided the <emph type="italics"></emph>Iſraelites<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; which at the preſence of the Sun, 

<lb></lb>appeared like a Cloud, but in the night was very glorious. </s><s>Thus 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg188"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>I have by day obſerved the Moon amidſt certain ſmall Clouds, 

<lb></lb>juſt as if one of them had been coloured white, but by night it 

<lb></lb>ſhines with much ſplendor.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg187"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Moon ap­

<lb></lb>pears brighter by 

<lb></lb>night than by day.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg188"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Moon be­

<lb></lb>held in the day 

<lb></lb>time, is like to a 

<lb></lb>little cloud.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that if you had never happened to ſee the Moon, 

<lb></lb>ſave onely in the day time, you would not have thought it more 

<lb></lb>ſhining than one of thoſe Clouds.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I verily believe I ſhould not.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Tell me now; do you believe that the Moon is really 

<lb></lb>more ſhining in the night than day, or that by ſome accident it 

<lb></lb>ſeemeth ſo?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I am of opinion, that it reſplends in it ſelf as much in 

<lb></lb>the day as night, but that its light appears greater by night, be­

<lb></lb>cauſe we behold it in the dark mantle of Heaven; and in the day 

<lb></lb>time, the whole Atmoſphere being very clear, ſo that ſhe little 

<lb></lb>exceedeth it in luſtre, ſhe ſeems to us much leſs bright.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now tell me; have you ever at midnight ſeen the Ter­

<lb></lb>reſtrial Globe illuminated by the Sun?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This ſeemeth to me a queſtion not to be ask&#039;d, unleſs 

<lb></lb>in jeſt, or of ſome perſon known to be altogether void of ſenſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. No, no; I eſteem you to be a very rational man, and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/079.jpg" pagenum="73"></pb>do ask the queſtion ſeriouſly; and therefore anſwer me: and if 

<lb></lb>afterwards you ſhall think that I ſpeak impertinently, I will be 

<lb></lb>content to be the ſenſeleſs man: for he is much more a fool who 

<lb></lb>interrogates ſimply, than he to whom the queſtion is put.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>If then you do not think me altogether ſimple, take 

<lb></lb>it for granted that I have anſwered you already, and ſaid, that it 

<lb></lb>is impoſſible, that one that is upon the Earth, as we are, ſhould ſee 

<lb></lb>by night that part of the Earth where it is day, namely, that is il­

<lb></lb>luminated by the Sun.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore you have never ſeen the Earth enlightned, 

<lb></lb>ſave onely by day; but you ſee the Moon to ſhine alſo in the 

<lb></lb>dead of night. </s><s>And this is the cauſe, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which makes 

<lb></lb>you believe that the Earth doth not ſhine like the Moon; but if 

<lb></lb>you could ſee the Earth illuminated, whilſt you were in ſome dark 

<lb></lb>place, like our night, you would ſee it ſhine brighter than the 

<lb></lb>Moon. </s><s>Now if you deſire that the compariſon may proceed 

<lb></lb>well, you muſt compare the light of the Earth, with that of the 

<lb></lb>Moon ſeen in the day time, and not with the ſame by night: for 

<lb></lb>it is not in our power to ſee the Earth illuminated, ſave onely in 

<lb></lb>the day. </s><s>Is it not ſo?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>So it ought to be.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And foraſmuch as you your ſelf have already confeſſed 

<lb></lb>to have ſeen the Moon by day among ſome little white Clouds, 

<lb></lb>and very nearly, as to its aſpect, reſembling one of them; you did 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg189"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>thereby grant, that thoſe Clouds, which yet are Elementary 

<lb></lb>matters, are as apt to receive illumination, as the Moon, yea 

<lb></lb>more, if you will but call to mind that you have ſometimes ſeen 

<lb></lb>ſome Clouds of vaſt greatneſs, and as perfect white as the Snow; 

<lb></lb>and there is no queſtion, but that if ſuch a Cloud could be con­

<lb></lb>tinued ſo luminous in the deep of night, it would illuminate the 

<lb></lb>places near about it, more than an hundred Moons. </s><s>If therefore 

<lb></lb>we were aſſured that the Earth is illuminated by the Sun, like one 

<lb></lb>of thoſe Clouds, it would be undubitable, but that it would be no 

<lb></lb>leſs ſhining than the Moon. </s><s>But of this there is no queſtion to 

<lb></lb>be made, in regard we ſee thoſe very Clouds in the abſence of 

<lb></lb>the Sun, to remain by night, as obſcure as the Earth: and that 

<lb></lb>which is more, there is not any one of us, but hath ſeen many 

<lb></lb>times ſome ſuch Clouds low, and far off, and queſtioned whether 

<lb></lb>they were Clouds or Mountains: an evident ſign that the Moun­

<lb></lb>tains are no leſs luminous than thoſe Clouds.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg190"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg189"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Clouds are no leſs 

<lb></lb>apt than the Moon 

<lb></lb>to be illuminated 

<lb></lb>by the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg190"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A wall illumina­

<lb></lb>ted by the Sun, 

<lb></lb>compared to the 

<lb></lb>Moon ſhineth no 

<lb></lb>leſs than it.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But what needs more diſcourſe? </s><s>See yonder the Moon 

<lb></lb>is riſen, and more than half of it illuminated; ſee there that wall, 

<lb></lb>on which the Sun ſhineth; retire a little this way, ſo that you ſee 

<lb></lb>the Moon ſideways with the wall: look now; which of them 

<lb></lb>ſhews more lucid? </s><s>Do not you ſee, that if there is any advantage, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/080.jpg" pagenum="74"></pb>the wall hath it? </s><s>The Sun ſhineth on that wall; from thence it </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg191"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>is reverberated upon the wall of the Hall, from thence it&#039;s refle­

<lb></lb>cted upon that chamber, ſo that it falls on it at the third reflection: 

<lb></lb>and I am very certain, that there is in that place more light, than 

<lb></lb>if the Moons light had directly faln upon it.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg191"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The third reſle­

<lb></lb>ction of a Wall illu­

<lb></lb>minates more than 

<lb></lb>the firſt of the 

<lb></lb>Moon.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>But this I cannot believe; for the illumination of the 

<lb></lb>Moon, eſpecially when it is at the full, is very great.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It ſeemeth great by reaſon of the circumjacent dark 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg192"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>places; but abſolutely it is not much, and is leſs than that of the 

<lb></lb>twilight half an hour after the Sun is ſet; which is manifeſt, be­

<lb></lb>cauſe you ſee not the ſhadows of the bodies illuminated by the 

<lb></lb>Moon till then, to begin to be diſtinguiſhed on the Earth. </s><s>Whe­

<lb></lb>ther, again, that third reflection upon that chamber, illuminates 

<lb></lb>more than the firſt of the Moon, may be known by going thether, 

<lb></lb>and reading a Book, and afterwards ſtanding there in the night 

<lb></lb>by the Moons light, which will ſhew by which of them lights one 

<lb></lb>may read more or leſs plainly, but I believe without further tryal, 

<lb></lb>that one ſhould ſee leſs diſtinctly by this later.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg192"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The light of the 

<lb></lb>Moon weaker than 

<lb></lb>that of the twi­

<lb></lb>light.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Now, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (if haply you be ſatisfied) you may 

<lb></lb>conceive, as you your ſelf know very well, that the Earth doth 

<lb></lb>ſhine no leſs than the Moon; and the only remembring you of ſome 

<lb></lb>things, which you knew of your ſelf, and learn&#039;d not of me, hath 

<lb></lb>aſſured you thereof: for I taught you not that the Moon ſhews 

<lb></lb>lighter by night than by day, but you underſtood it of your ſelf; 

<lb></lb>as alſo you could tell me that a little Cloud appeareth as lucid as 

<lb></lb>the Moon: you knew alſo, that the illumination of the Earth can­

<lb></lb>not be ſeen by night; and in a word, you knew all this, without 

<lb></lb>knowing that you knew it. </s><s>So that you have no reaſon to be ſcru­

<lb></lb>pulous of granting, that the dark part of the Earth may illuminate 

<lb></lb>the dark part of the Moon, with no leſs a light than that where­

<lb></lb>with the Moon illuminates the obſcurities of the night, yea rather 

<lb></lb>ſo much the greater, inaſmuch as the Earth is forty times bigger 

<lb></lb>than the Moon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I muſt confeſs that I did believe, that that ſecondary 

<lb></lb>light had been the natural light of the Moon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And this alſo you know of your ſelf, and perceive not 

<lb></lb>that you know it. </s><s>Tell me, do not you know without teaching, 

<lb></lb>that the Moon ſhews it ſelf more bright by night than by day, in 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg193"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>reſpect of the obſcurity of the ſpace of the ambient? </s><s>and conſe­

<lb></lb>quently, do you not know <emph type="italics"></emph>in genere,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that every bright body ſhews 

<lb></lb>the clearer, by how much the ambient is obſcurer?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg193"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Luminous bodies 

<lb></lb>appear the brighter 

<lb></lb>in an obſcurer<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> am­

<lb></lb>bient.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This I know very well.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>When the Moon is horned, and that ſecondary light 

<lb></lb>ſeemeth to you very bright, is it not ever nigh the Sun, and con­

<lb></lb>ſequently, in the light of the <emph type="italics"></emph>crepuſculum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (twilight?)</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/081.jpg" pagenum="75"></pb><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It is ſo; and I have oftentimes wiſh&#039;d that the Air 

<lb></lb>would grow thicker, that I might be able to ſee that ſame light 

<lb></lb>more plainly; but it ever diſappeared before dark night.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You know then very certainly, that in the depth of 

<lb></lb>night, that light would be more conſpicuous.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I do ſo; and alſo more than that, if one could but 

<lb></lb>take away the great light of the creſcent illuminated by the Sun, 

<lb></lb>the preſence of which much obſcureth the other leſſer.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Why, doth it not ſometimes come to paſs, that one may 

<lb></lb>in a very dark night ſee the whole face of the Moon, without be­

<lb></lb>ing at all illuminated by the Sun?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I know not whether this ever happeneth, ſave onely 

<lb></lb>in the total Ecclipſes of the Moon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Why, at that time this its light would appear very 

<lb></lb>clear, being in a moſt obſcure <emph type="italics"></emph>medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and not darkned by the 

<lb></lb>clarity of the luminous creſcents: but in that poſition, how light 

<lb></lb>did it appear to you?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I have ſometimes ſeen it of the colour of braſs, and a 

<lb></lb>little whitiſh; but at other times it hath been ſo obſcure, that I 

<lb></lb>have wholly loſt the ſight of it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>How then can that light be ſo natural, which you ſee ſo 

<lb></lb>cleer in the cloſe of the twilight, notwithſtanding the impediment 

<lb></lb>of the great and contiguous ſplendor of the creſcents; and which 

<lb></lb>again, in the more obſcure time of night, all other light removed, 

<lb></lb>appears not at all?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I have heard of ſome that believed that ſame light to 

<lb></lb>be participated to theſe creſcents from the other Stars, and in par­

<lb></lb>ticular from <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the Moons neighbour.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And this likewiſe is a vanity; becauſe in the time of 

<lb></lb>its total obſcuration, it ought to appear more ſhining than ever; 

<lb></lb>for you cannot ſay, that the ſhadow of the Earth intercepts the 

<lb></lb>ſight of <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or the other Stars. </s><s>But to ſay true, it is not at 

<lb></lb>that inſtant wholly deprived thereof, for that the Terreſtrial He­

<lb></lb>miſphere, which in that time looketh towards the Moon, is that 

<lb></lb>where it is night, that is, an intire privation of the light of the Sun. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And if you but diligently obſerve, you will very ſenſibly perceive, 

<lb></lb>that like as the Moon, when it is ſharp-horned, doth give very little 

<lb></lb>light to the Earth; and according as in her the parts illumi­

<lb></lb>nated by the Suns light do encreaſe: ſo likewiſe the ſplendor to 

<lb></lb>our ſeeming encreaſeth, which from her is reflected towards us; 

<lb></lb>thus the Moon, whilſt it is ſharp-forked, and that by being between 

<lb></lb>the Sun and the Earth, it diſcovereth a very great part of the Ter­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg194"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>reſtrial Hemiſphere illuminated, appeareth very clear: and depart­

<lb></lb>ing from the Sun, and paſſing towards the ^{*}Quadrature, you 

<lb></lb>may ſee the ſaid light by degrees to grow dim; and after the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/082.jpg" pagenum="76"></pb>Quadrature, the ſame appears very weak, becauſe it continually 

<lb></lb>loſeth more and more of the view of the luminous part of the 

<lb></lb>Earth: and yet it ſhould ſucceed quite contrary, if that light were 

<lb></lb>its own, or communicated to it from the Stars; for then we ſhould 

<lb></lb>ſee it in the depth of night, and in ſo very dark an ambient.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg194"></margin.target>*<emph type="italics"></emph>By the Moons two<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Quadratures <emph type="italics"></emph>you 

<lb></lb>are to underſtand 

<lb></lb>its firſt and last 

<lb></lb>quarters, as A­

<lb></lb>ſtrologers call them<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Stay a little; for I juſt now remember, that I have 

<lb></lb>read in a little modern tract, full of many novelties; “That this 

<lb></lb>ſecondary light is not derived from the Stars, nor innate in the 

<lb></lb>Moon, and leaſt of all communicated by the Earth, but that it is 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg195"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>received from the ſame illumination of the Sun, which, the ſub­

<lb></lb>ſtance of the Lunar Globe being ſomewhat tranſparent, pene­

<lb></lb>trateth thorow all its body; but more livelily illuminateth the 

<lb></lb>ſuperficies of the Hemiſphere expoſed to the rays of the Sun: 

<lb></lb>and its proſundity imbuing, and (as I may ſay) ſwallowing that 

<lb></lb>light, after the manner of a cloud or chryſtal, tranſmits it, and 

<lb></lb>renders it viſibly lucid. </s><s>And this (if I remember aright) he 

<lb></lb>proveth by Authority, Experience and Reaſon; citing <emph type="italics"></emph>Cleomedes, 

<lb></lb>Vitellion, Macrobius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and a certain other modern Author: and 

<lb></lb>adding, That it is ſeen by experience to ſhine moſt in the days 

<lb></lb>neareſt the Conjunction, that is, when it is horned, and is chiefly 

<lb></lb>bright about its limb. </s><s>And he farther writes, That in the Solar 

<lb></lb>Ecclipſes, when it is under the <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the Sun, it may be ſeen 

<lb></lb>tranſlucid, and more eſpecially towards its utmoſt Circle. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>in the next place, for Arguments, as I think, he ſaith, That it not 

<lb></lb>being able to derive that light either from the Earth, or from the 

<lb></lb>Stars, or from it ſelf, it neceſſarily follows, that it cometh from 

<lb></lb>the Sun. </s><s>Beſides that, if you do but grant this ſuppoſition, one 

<lb></lb>may eaſily give convenient reaſons for all the particulars that 

<lb></lb>occur. </s><s>For the reaſon why that ſecundary light ſhews more 

<lb></lb>lively towards the outmoſt limb, is, the ſhortneſs of the ſpace 

<lb></lb>that the Suns rays hath to penetrate, in regard that of the lines 

<lb></lb>which paſs through a circle, the greateſt is that which paſſeth 

<lb></lb>through the centre, and of the reſt, thoſe which are fartheſt from 

<lb></lb>it, are always leſs than thoſe that are nearer. </s><s>From the ſame 

<lb></lb>principle, he ſaith, may be ſhewn why the ſaid light doth not 

<lb></lb>much diminiſh. </s><s>And laſtly, by this way the cauſe is aſſigned 

<lb></lb>whence it comes, that that ſame more ſhining circle about the 

<lb></lb>utmoſt edge of the Moon, is ſeen at the time of the Solar Ec­

<lb></lb>clipſe, in that part which lyeth juſt under the <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the Sun, 

<lb></lb>but not in that which is beſide the <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: which happeneth 

<lb></lb>becauſe the rays of the Sun paſs directly to our eye, through the 

<lb></lb>parts of the Moon underneath: but as for the parts which are 

<lb></lb>beſides it, they fall beſides the eye.”</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg195"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſecondary 

<lb></lb>light of the Moon 

<lb></lb>cauſed by the Sun, 

<lb></lb>according to ſome.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If this Philoſopher had been the firſt Author of this o­

<lb></lb>pinion, I would not wonder that he ſhould be ſo affectionate to it, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/083.jpg" pagenum="77"></pb>as to have received it for truth; but borrowing it from others, I 

<lb></lb>cannot find any reaſon ſufficient to excuſe him for not perceiving 

<lb></lb>its fallacies; and eſpecially after he had heard the true cauſe of 

<lb></lb>that effect, and had it in his power to ſatisfie himſelf by a thouſand 

<lb></lb>experiments, and manifeſt circumſtances, that the ſame proceeded 

<lb></lb>from the reflection of the Earth, and from nothing elſe: and the more 

<lb></lb>this ſpeculation makes ſomething to be deſired, in the judgment of 

<lb></lb>this Author, and of all thoſe who give no credit to it: ſo much the 

<lb></lb>more doth their not having underſtood and remembred it, excuſe 

<lb></lb>thoſe more receſs Antients, who, I am very certain, did they now 

<lb></lb>underſtand it, would without the leaſt repugnance admit thereof. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And if I may freely tell you what I think, I cannot believe but 

<lb></lb>that this <emph type="italics"></emph>Modern<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> doth in his heart believe it; but I rather think, 

<lb></lb>that the conceit he ſhould not be the firſt Author thereof, did a 

<lb></lb>little move him to endeavour to ſuppreſſe it, or to diſparage it at 

<lb></lb>leaſt amongſt the ſimple, whoſe number we know to be very 

<lb></lb>great; and many there are, who much more affect the nume­

<lb></lb>rous applauds of the people, than the approbation of a few not 

<lb></lb>vulgar judgments.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Hold good <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for me thinks, I ſee that you 

<lb></lb>go not the way to hit the true mark in this your diſcourſe, for theſe 

<lb></lb>that ^{*} confound all propriety, know alſo how to make themſelves 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg196"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Authors of others inventions, provided they be not ſo ſtale, 

<lb></lb>and publick in the Schools and Market-places, as that they are more 

<lb></lb>then notorious to every one.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg196"></margin.target>* Tendono le pare­

<lb></lb>te al commune.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Ha! well aimed, you blame me for roving from the 

<lb></lb>point in hand; but what have you to do with Schools and Mar­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg197"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>kets? </s><s>Is it not all one whether opinions and inventions be new to 

<lb></lb>men, or the men new to them? </s><s>If you ^{*} contend about the e­

<lb></lb>ſteem of the Founders of Sciences, which in all times do ſtart up, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg198"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>you may make your ſelf their inventor, even to the Alphabet it 

<lb></lb>ſelf, and ſo gain admiration amongſt that illiterate rabble; and 

<lb></lb>though in proceſſe of time your craft ſhould be perceived, that 

<lb></lb>would but little prejudice your deſigne; for that others would 

<lb></lb>ſucceed them in maintaining the number of your fautors; but let 

<lb></lb>us return to prove to <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the invalidity of the reaſons of his 

<lb></lb>modern Author, in which there are ſeveral falſities, inconſequen­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg199"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>cies, and incredible Paradoxes. </s><s>And firſt, it is falſe that this ſe­

<lb></lb>condary light is clearer about the utmoſt limb than in the middle 

<lb></lb>parts, ſo as to form, as it were, a ring or circle more bright than 

<lb></lb>the reſt of its ſpace or contence. </s><s>True it is, indeed, that looking 

<lb></lb>on the Moon at the time of twilight, at firſt ſight there is the re­

<lb></lb>ſemblance of ſuch a circle, but by an illuſion ariſing from the di­

<lb></lb>verſity of confines that bound the Moons <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which are con­

<lb></lb>fuſed by means of this ſecondary light; foraſmuch as on the part 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/084.jpg" pagenum="78"></pb>towards the Sun it is bounded by the lucid horns of the Moon, 

<lb></lb>and on the other part, its confining term is the obſcure tract of the 

<lb></lb>twilight; whoſe relation makes us think the candor of the Moons 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to be ſo much the clearer; the which happens to be ob­

<lb></lb>fuſcated in the oppoſite part, by the greater clarity of the creſ­

<lb></lb>cents; but if this modern Author had eſſaied to make an inter­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg200"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>poſition between the eye and the primary ſplendor, by the ridg of 

<lb></lb>ſome houſe, or ſome other ſcreen, ſo as to have left viſible only 

<lb></lb>the groſe of the Moon, the horns excluded, he might have ſeen 

<lb></lb>it all alike luminous.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg197"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Its all one whe­

<lb></lb>ther opinions be 

<lb></lb>new to men, or men 

<lb></lb>new to opinions.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg198"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"></emph>Conteſtare<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> falſly 

<lb></lb>rendered in the 

<lb></lb>Latine Tranſlation 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>content are.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg199"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſecondary 

<lb></lb>light of the Moon 

<lb></lb>appears in form of 

<lb></lb>a Ring, that is to 

<lb></lb>ſay, bright in the 

<lb></lb>extreme circumfe­

<lb></lb>rence, and not in 

<lb></lb>the midſt, and why.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg200"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The may to ob­

<lb></lb>ſerve the ſeconda­

<lb></lb>ry light of the 

<lb></lb>Moon.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL, I think, now I remember, that he writes of his 

<lb></lb>making uſe of ſuch another Artifice, to hide from us the falſe 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Incidum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Oh! how is this (as I believed) inadvertency of his, 

<lb></lb>changed into a lie, bordering on raſhneſſe; for that every one 

<lb></lb>may frequently make proof of the contrary. </s><s>That in the next 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg201"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>place, at the Suns Eclipſe, the Moons <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is ſeen otherwayes 

<lb></lb>than by privation, I much doubt, and ſpecially when the E­

<lb></lb>clipſe is not total, as thoſe muſt neceſſarily have been, which 

<lb></lb>were obſerved by the Author; but if alſo he ſhould have diſcove­

<lb></lb>red ſomewhat of light, this contradicts not, rather favoureth our 

<lb></lb>opinion; for that at ſuch a time, the whole Terreſtrial Hemi­

<lb></lb>ſphere illuminated by the Sun, is oppoſite to the Moon, ſo that 

<lb></lb>although the Moons ſhadow doth obſcure a part thereof, yet this 

<lb></lb>is very ſmall in compariſon of that which remains illuminated. 

<lb></lb></s><s>That which he farther adds, that in this caſe, the part of the 

<lb></lb>limb, lying under the Sun, doth appear very lucid, but that 

<lb></lb>which lyeth beſides it, not ſo; and that to proceed from the co­

<lb></lb>ming of the ſolar rayes directly through that part to the eye, but 

<lb></lb>not through this, is really one of thoſe fopperies, which diſco 

<lb></lb>ver the other fictions, of him which relates them: For if it be 

<lb></lb>requiſite to the making a ſecondary light viſible in the lunar <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſ­

<lb></lb>cus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that the rayes of the Sun came directly through it to our 

<lb></lb>eyes, doth not this pitiful Philoſopher perceive, that we ſhould ne­

<lb></lb>ver ſee this ſame ſecondary light, ſave onely at the Eclipſe of the 

<lb></lb>Sun? </s><s>And if a part onely of the Moon, far leſſe than half a de­

<lb></lb>gree, by being remote from the Suns <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> can deflect or de­

<lb></lb>viate the rayes of the Sun, ſo that they arrive not at our eye; 

<lb></lb>what ſhall it do when it is diſtant twenty or thirty degrees, as it is 

<lb></lb>at its firſt apparition? </s><s>and what courſe ſhall the rayes of the Sun 

<lb></lb>keep, which are to paſſe thorow the body of the Moon, that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg202"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>they may find out our eye? </s><s>This man doth go ſucceſſively conſi­

<lb></lb>dering what things ought to be, that they may ſerve his purpoſe, 

<lb></lb>but doth not gradually proceed, accommodating his conceits to 

<lb></lb>the things, as really they are. </s><s>As for inſtance, to make the light 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/085.jpg" pagenum="79"></pb>of the Sun capable to penetrate the ſubſtance of the Moon, he 

<lb></lb>makes her in part diaphanous, as is <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the tranſparence of a cloud, 

<lb></lb>or cryſtal: but I know not what he would think of ſuch a tran­

<lb></lb>ſparency, in caſe the ſolar rayes were to paſſe a depth of clouds 

<lb></lb>of above two thouſand miles; but let it be ſuppoſed that he 

<lb></lb>ſhould boldly anſwer, that might well be in the Cœleſtial, which 

<lb></lb>are quite other things from theſe our Elementary, impure, and 

<lb></lb>feculent bodies; and let us convict his error by ſuch wayes, as 

<lb></lb>admit him no reply, or (to ſay better) ſubter-fuge. </s><s>If he will 

<lb></lb>maintain, that the ſubſtance of the Moon is diaphanous, he 

<lb></lb>muſt ſay that it is ſo, whileſt that the rayes of the Sun are to pe­

<lb></lb>netrate its whole profundity, that is, more than two thouſand 

<lb></lb>miles; but that if you oppoſe unto them onely one mile, or 

<lb></lb>leſſe, they ſhould no more penetrate that, than they penetrate 

<lb></lb>one of our mountains.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg201"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Moons<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Dif­

<lb></lb>cus <emph type="italics"></emph>in a ſolar E­

<lb></lb>clipſe can be ſeen 

<lb></lb>onely by privation.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg202"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Author of the 

<lb></lb>Book of concluſi­

<lb></lb>ons, accommodates 

<lb></lb>the things to his 

<lb></lb>purpoſes, and not 

<lb></lb>his purpoſes to the 

<lb></lb>things.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You put me in mind of a man, who would have ſold 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg203"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>me a ſecret how to correſpond, by means of a certain ſympathy of 

<lb></lb>magnetick needles, with one, that ſhould be two or three thou­

<lb></lb>ſand miles diſtant; and I telling him, that I would willingly buy 

<lb></lb>the ſame, but that I deſired firſt to ſee the experiment thereof, 

<lb></lb>and that it did ſuffice me to make it, I being in one Chamber, and 

<lb></lb>he in the next, he anſwered me, that in ſo ſmall a diſtance one 

<lb></lb>could not ſo well perceive the operation; whereupon I turn&#039;d him 

<lb></lb>going, telling him, that I had no mind, at that time, to take a 

<lb></lb>journey unto <emph type="italics"></emph>Grand Cairo,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or to <emph type="italics"></emph>Muſcovy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to make the experi­

<lb></lb>ment; but that, if he would go himſelf, I would perform the 

<lb></lb>other part, ſtaying in <emph type="italics"></emph>Venice.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> But let us hear whither the dedu­

<lb></lb>ction of our Author tendeth, and what neceſſity there is, that he 

<lb></lb>muſt grant the matter of the Moon to be moſt perforable by the 

<lb></lb>rayes of the Sun, in a depth of two thouſand miles, but more 

<lb></lb>opacous than one of our mountains, in a thickneſſe of one mile 

<lb></lb>onely.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg203"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A jeſt put upon one 

<lb></lb>that would ſell a 

<lb></lb>certain ſecret for 

<lb></lb>holding correſpon­

<lb></lb>dency with a perſon 

<lb></lb>a thouſand miles 

<lb></lb>off<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The very mountains of the Moon themſelves are a 

<lb></lb>proof thereof, which percuſſed on one ſide of the Sun, do caſt 

<lb></lb>on the contrary ſide very dark ſhadows, terminate, and more di­

<lb></lb>ſtinct by much, than the ſhadows of ours; but had theſe moun­

<lb></lb>tains been diaphanous, we could never have come to the know­

<lb></lb>ledg of any unevenneſſe in the ſuperficies of the Moon, nor have 

<lb></lb>ſeen thoſe luminous montuoſities diſtinguiſhed by the terms which 

<lb></lb>ſeparate the lucid parts from the dark: much leſſe, ſhould we ſee 

<lb></lb>this ſame term ſo diſtinct, if it were true, that the Suns light did 

<lb></lb>penetrate the whole thickneſſe of the Moon; yea rather, accord­

<lb></lb>ing to the Authors own words, we ſhould of neceſſity diſcern the 

<lb></lb>paſſage, and confine, between the part of the Sun ſeen, and the 

<lb></lb>part not ſeen, to be very confuſed, and mixt with light and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/086.jpg" pagenum="80"></pb>darkneſſe; for that that matter which admits the paſſage of the 

<lb></lb>Suns rayes thorow a ſpace of two thouſand miles, muſt needs be 

<lb></lb>ſo tranſparent, that it would very weakly reſiſt them in a hun­

<lb></lb>dredth, or leſſer part of that thickneſſe; nevertheleſſe, the term 

<lb></lb>which ſeparateth the part illuminated from the obſcure, is inci­

<lb></lb>dent, and as diſtinct, as white is diſtinct from black; and e­

<lb></lb>ſpecially where the Section paſſeth through the part of the Moon, 

<lb></lb>that is naturally more clear and montanous; but where the old 

<lb></lb>ſpots do part, which are certain plains, that by means of their 

<lb></lb>ſpherical inclination, receive the rayes of the Sun obliquely, 

<lb></lb>there the term is not ſo diſtinct, by reaſon of the more dimme il­

<lb></lb>lumination. </s><s>That, laſtly, which he ſaith, how that the ſecondary 

<lb></lb>light doth not diminiſh and languiſh, according as the Moon en­

<lb></lb>creaſeth, but conſerveth it ſelf continually in the ſame efficacy; 

<lb></lb>is moſt falſe; nay it is hardly ſeen in the quadrature, when, on 

<lb></lb>the contrary, it ſhould appear more ſplendid, and be viſible after 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>crepuſculum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in the dark of night. </s><s>Let us conclude therefore, 

<lb></lb>that the Earths reflection is very ſtrong upon the Moon; and that, 

<lb></lb>which you ought more to eſteem, we may deduce from thence an­

<lb></lb>other admirable congruity between the Moon and Earth; name­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg204"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ly, that if it be true, the Planets operate upon the Earth by their 

<lb></lb>motion and light, the Earth may probably be no leſſe potent in 

<lb></lb>operating reciprocally upon them with the ſame light, and perad­

<lb></lb>venture, motion alſo. </s><s>And though it ſhould not move, yet may 

<lb></lb>it retain the ſame operation; becauſe, as it hath been proved al­

<lb></lb>ready, the action of the light is the ſelf ſame, I mean of the light 

<lb></lb>of the Sun reflected; and motion doth nothing, ſave only vary 

<lb></lb>the aſpects, which fall out in the ſame manner, whether we make 

<lb></lb>the Earth move, and the Sun ſtand ſtill, or the contrary.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg204"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Earth may re­

<lb></lb>ciprocally operate 

<lb></lb>upon Cœleſtial bo­

<lb></lb>dies, with its light.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>None of the Philoſophers are found to have ſaid, that 

<lb></lb>theſe inferiour bodies operate on the Cœleſtial, nay, <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> af­

<lb></lb>firmes the direct contrary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the reſt, who knew not that the Earth and 

<lb></lb>Moon mutually illuminated each other, are to be excuſed; but 

<lb></lb>they would juſtly deſerve our cenſure, if whileſt they deſire that 

<lb></lb>we ſhould grant and believe with them, that the Moon operateth 

<lb></lb>upon the Earth with light, they ſhould deny to us, who have 

<lb></lb>taught them that the Earth illuminates the Moon, the operation 

<lb></lb>the Earth hath on the Moon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>In ſhort, I find in my ſelf a great unwillingneſſe to 

<lb></lb>admit this commerce, which you would perſwade me to be be­

<lb></lb>twixt the Earth and Moon, placing it, as we ſay, amongſt the 

<lb></lb>number of the Stars; for if there were nothing elſe, the great 

<lb></lb>ſeparation and diſtance between it and the Cœleſtial bodies, doth 

<lb></lb>in my opinion neceſſarily conclude a vaſt diſparity between them.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/087.jpg" pagenum="81"></pb><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>See <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> what an inveterate affection and radica­

<lb></lb>ted opinion can do, ſince it is ſo powerful, that it makes you think 

<lb></lb>that thoſe very things favour you, which you produce againſt 

<lb></lb>your ſelf. </s><s>For if ſeparation and diſtance are accidents ſufficient to 

<lb></lb>perſwade with you a great diverſity of natures, it mnſt follow that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg205"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>proximity and contiguity import ſimilitude. </s><s>Now how much more 

<lb></lb>neerer is the Moon to the Earth, than to any other of the Cœleſtial 

<lb></lb>Orbs? </s><s>You muſt acknowledg therefore, according to your own con­

<lb></lb>ceſſion (and you ſhall have other Philoſophers bear you company) 

<lb></lb>that there is a very great affinity betwixt the Earth and Moon. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Now let us proceed, and ſee whether any thing remains to be con­

<lb></lb>ſidered, touching thoſe objections which you made againſt the re­

<lb></lb>ſemblances that are between theſe two bodies.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg205"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Affinity between 

<lb></lb>he Earth &amp; Moon 

<lb></lb>in reſpect of their 

<lb></lb>vicinity.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It reſts, that we ſay ſomething touching the ſolidity of 

<lb></lb>the Moon, which I argued from its being exquiſite ſmooth and 

<lb></lb>polite, and you from its montuoſity. </s><s>There is another ſcruple al­

<lb></lb>ſo comes into my mind, from an opinion which I have, that the 

<lb></lb>Seas reflection ought by the equality of its ſurface, to be rendered 

<lb></lb>ſtronger than that of the Earth, whoſe ſuperficies is ſo rough and 

<lb></lb>opacous.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>As to the firſt objection; I ſay, that like as among the 

<lb></lb>parts of the Earth, which all by their gravity ſtrive to approach the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg206"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>neareſt they can poſſible to the center, ſome of them alwayes are 

<lb></lb>more remote from it than the reſt, as the mountains more than 

<lb></lb>the valleys, and that by reaſon of their ſolidity and firmneſſe 

<lb></lb>(for if they were of fluid, they would be even) ſo the ſeeing ſome 

<lb></lb>parts of the Moon to be elevated above the ſphericity of the low­

<lb></lb>er parts, argueth their hardneſſe; for it is probable that the mat­

<lb></lb>ter of the Moon is reduced into a ſpherical form by the harmoni­

<lb></lb>ous conſpiration of all its parts to the ſame ſentenſe. </s><s>Touching 

<lb></lb>the ſecond doubt, my thinks that the particulars already obſerved 

<lb></lb>to happen in the Looking-glaſſes, may very well aſſure us, that the 

<lb></lb>reflection of light comming from the Sea, is far weaker than that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg207"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>which cometh from Land; underſtanding it alwayes of the 

<lb></lb>univerſal reflection; for as to that particular, on which the wa­

<lb></lb>ter being calm, caſteth upon a determinate place, there is no 

<lb></lb>doubt, but that he who ſhall ſtand in that place, ſhall ſee a very 

<lb></lb>great reflection in the water, but every way elſe he ſhall ſee the 

<lb></lb>ſurface of the Water more obſcure than that of the Land; and to 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg208"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>prove it to your ſenſes, let us go into yonder Hall, and power 

<lb></lb>forth a little water upon the Pavement. </s><s>Tell me now, doth not 

<lb></lb>this wet brick ſhew more dull than the other dry ones? </s><s>Doubt­

<lb></lb>leſſe it doth, and will ſo appear, from what place ſoever you be­

<lb></lb>hold it, except one onely, and this is that way which the light 

<lb></lb>cometh, that entereth in at yonder window; go backwards 

<lb></lb>therefore by a little and a little.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/088.jpg" pagenum="82"></pb><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg206"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Solidity of the 

<lb></lb>Lunar Globe argu­

<lb></lb>ed from its being 

<lb></lb>montainous.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg207"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Seas refle­

<lb></lb>ction of light much 

<lb></lb>weaker than that 

<lb></lb>of the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg208"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An experiment 

<lb></lb>to prove the refle­

<lb></lb>ction of the Water 

<lb></lb>leſſe clear than 

<lb></lb>that of the Land.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Here I ſee the weſt part ſhine more than all the reſt of 

<lb></lb>the pavement, and I ſee that it ſo hapneth, becauſe the refle­

<lb></lb>ction of the light which entereth in at the window, cometh to­

<lb></lb>wards me.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>That moiſture hath done no more but filled thoſe little 

<lb></lb>cavities which are in the brick with water, and reduced its ſuper­

<lb></lb>ficies to an exact eveneſſe; whereupon the reflex rayes iſſue 

<lb></lb>unitedly towards one and the ſame place; but the reſt of the 

<lb></lb>pavement which is dry, hath its protuberances, that is, an innu­

<lb></lb>merable variety of inclinations in its ſmalleſt particles; whereup­

<lb></lb>on the reflections of the light ſcatter towards all parts, but more 

<lb></lb>weakly than if they had gone all united together; and therefore, 

<lb></lb>the ſame ſheweth almoſt all alike, beheld ſeveral wayes, but far 

<lb></lb>leſſe clear than the moiſtned brick. </s><s>I conclude therefore, that the 

<lb></lb>ſurface of the Sea, beheld from the Moon, in like manner, as it 

<lb></lb>would appear moſt equal, (the Iſlands and Rocks deducted) ſo it 

<lb></lb>would ſhew leſſe clear than that of the Earth, which is montanous 

<lb></lb>and uneven. </s><s>And but that I would not ſeem, as the ſaying is, 

<lb></lb>to harp too much on one ſtring, I could tell you that I have ob­

<lb></lb>ſerved in the Moon that ſecondary light which I told you came to 

<lb></lb>her from the reflection of the Terreſtrial Globe, to be notably 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg209"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>more clear two or three dayes before the conjunction, than after, 

<lb></lb>that is, when we ſee it before break of day in the Eaſt, than 

<lb></lb>when it is ſeen at night after Sun-ſet in the Weſt; of which dif­

<lb></lb>ference the cauſe is, that the Terreſtrial Hemiſphere, which looks 

<lb></lb>towards the Eaſtern Moon, hath little Sea, and much Land, to 

<lb></lb>wit, all <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſia,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whereas, when it is in the Weſt, it beholds very 

<lb></lb>great Seas, that is, the whole <emph type="italics"></emph>Atlantick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ocean as far as <emph type="italics"></emph>America:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>An Argument ſufficiently probable that the ſurface of the water 

<lb></lb>appears leſſe ſplendid than that of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg209"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſecondary 

<lb></lb>light of the Moon 

<lb></lb>clearer before the 

<lb></lb>conjunction, than 

<lb></lb>after.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>So that perhaps you believe, thoſe great ſpots diſco­

<lb></lb>vered in the face of the Moon, to be Seas, and the other clearer 

<lb></lb>parts to be Land, or ſome ſuch thing?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This which you ask me, is the beginning of thoſe in­

<lb></lb>congruities which I eſteem to be between the Moon and the 

<lb></lb>Earth, out of which it is time to diſ-ingage our ſelves, for we 

<lb></lb>have ſtayed too long in the Moon. </s><s>I ſay therefore, that if there 

<lb></lb>were in nature but one way onely, to make two ſuperficies illuſtra­

<lb></lb>ted by the Sun, to appear one more clear than the other, and 

<lb></lb>that this were by the being of the one Earth, and the other Wa­

<lb></lb>ter; it would be neceſſary to ſay that the ſurface of the Moon 

<lb></lb>were part earthy and part aquatick; but becauſe we know many 

<lb></lb>wayes to produce the ſame effect (and others there may be which 

<lb></lb>we know not of;) therefore I dare not affirm the Moon to con­

<lb></lb>ſiſt of one thing more than another: It hath been ſeen already 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/089.jpg" pagenum="83"></pb>that a ſilver plate boiled, being toucht with the Burniſher, be­

<lb></lb>cometh of white obſcure; that the moiſt part of the Earth ſhews 

<lb></lb>more obſcure than the dry; that in the tops of Hills, the woody 

<lb></lb>parts appear more gloomy than the naked and barren; which 

<lb></lb>hapneth becauſe there falleth very much ſhadow among the Trees, 

<lb></lb>but the open places are illuminated all over by the Sun. </s><s>And this 

<lb></lb>mixtion of ſhadow hath ſuch operation, that in tuſted velvet, the 

<lb></lb>ſilk which is cut, is of a far darker colour than that which is not 

<lb></lb>cut, by means of the ſhadows diffuſed betwixt thred and thred, 

<lb></lb>and a plain velvet ſhews much blacker than a Taffata, made of the 

<lb></lb>ſame ſilk. </s><s>So that if there were in the Moon things which ſhould 

<lb></lb>look like great Woods, their aſpect might repreſent unto us the 

<lb></lb>ſpots which we diſcover; alike difference would be occaſioned, if 

<lb></lb>there were Seas in her: and laſtly, nothing hindreth, but that thoſe 

<lb></lb>ſpots may really be of an obſcurer colour than the reſt; for thus 

<lb></lb>the ſnow makes the mountains ſhew brighter. </s><s>That which is plain­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg210"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ly obſerved in the Moon is, that its moſt obſcure parts are all 

<lb></lb>plains, with few riſes and bancks in them; though ſome there be; 

<lb></lb>the reſt which is of a brighter colour, is all full of rocks, moun­

<lb></lb>tains, hillocks of ſpherical and other figures; and in particular, round 

<lb></lb>about the ſpots are very great ledges of mountains. </s><s>That the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg211"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſpots be plain ſuperficies, we have aſſuredproof, in that we ſee, 

<lb></lb>how that the term which diſtinguiſheth the part illuminated from 

<lb></lb>the obſcure, in croſſing the ſpots makes the interſection even, but 

<lb></lb>in the clear parts it ſhews all craggy and ſhagged. </s><s>But I know not 

<lb></lb>as yet whether this evenneſſe of ſuperficies may be ſufficient of it 

<lb></lb>ſelf alone, to make the obſcurity appear, and I rather think not. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Beſides, I account the Moon exceeding different from the Earth; 

<lb></lb>for although I imagine to my ſelf that thoſe are not idle and dead 

<lb></lb>Regions, yet I affirm not, that there are in them motion and life, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg212"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>much leſs that there are bred plants, animals or other things like 

<lb></lb>to ours; but, if ſuch there be, they ſhould nevertheleſs be very 

<lb></lb>different, and remote from our imagination. </s><s>And I am induced ſo 

<lb></lb>to think, becauſe in the firſt place, I eſteem that the matter of the 

<lb></lb>Lunar Globe conſiſts not of Earth and Water; and this alone 

<lb></lb>ſufficeth to take away the generations and alterations reſembling 

<lb></lb>ours: but now ſuppoſing that there were in the Moon, Water and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg213"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Earth, yet would they not produce plants and animals like to 

<lb></lb>ours; and this for two principal reaſons: The firſt is, that unto our 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg214"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>productions there are required ſo many variable aſpects of the Sun, 

<lb></lb>that without them they would all miſcarry: now the habitudes of 

<lb></lb>the Sun towards the Earth are far different from thoſe towards 

<lb></lb>the Moon. </s><s>We as to the diurnal illumination, have, in the greater 

<lb></lb>part of the Earth, every twenty four hours part day, and part 

<lb></lb>night, which effect in the Moon is monethly: and that annual decli­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/090.jpg" pagenum="84"></pb>nation and elevation of the Sun in the Zodiack, by which it pro­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg215"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>duceth diverſity of Seaſons, and inequality of dayes and nights, 

<lb></lb>are finiſhed in the Moon in a moneth; and whereas the Sun to us 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg216"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>riſeth and declineth ſo much, that from the greateſt to the leaſt al­

<lb></lb>titude, there is a difference of almoſt 47 degrees, for ſo much is 

<lb></lb>the diſtance from one to the other Tropick; this is in the Moon 

<lb></lb>but ten degrees only, or little more; namely, as much as the grea­

<lb></lb>teſt Latitudes of the Dragon on each ſide the Ecliptick. </s><s>Now 

<lb></lb>conſider what effect the Sun would have in the torrid Zone, ſhould 

<lb></lb>it continually for fifteen dayes together beam forth its Rayes upon 

<lb></lb>it; which without all queſtion would deſtroy plants, herbs, 

<lb></lb>and living creatures: and if it ſhould chance that there were any 

<lb></lb>production, it would be of herbs, plants, and creatures very diffe­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg217"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>rent from thoſe which are now there. </s><s>Secondly, I verily believe 

<lb></lb>that in the Moon there are no rains, for if Clouds ſhould gather 

<lb></lb>in any part thereof, as they do about the Earth, they would there­

<lb></lb>upon hide from our ſight ſome of thoſe things, which we with the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcope<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> behold in the Moon, and in a word, would ſome way or 

<lb></lb>other change its <emph type="italics"></emph>Phœnomenon,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> an effect which I could never by long 

<lb></lb>and diligent obſervations diſcover; but alwayes beheld it in a 

<lb></lb>even and pure ſerenity.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg210"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The obſcurer 

<lb></lb>parts of the Moon 

<lb></lb>are plains, and the 

<lb></lb>more bright moun­

<lb></lb>tainous.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg211"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Long ledges of 

<lb></lb>mountaixs about 

<lb></lb>the ſpots of the 

<lb></lb>Moon.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg212"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>There are not 

<lb></lb>generated in the 

<lb></lb>Moon things like 

<lb></lb>to ours, but if 

<lb></lb>there be any pro­

<lb></lb>ductions, they are 

<lb></lb>very different.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg213"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Moon not 

<lb></lb>compoſed of Water 

<lb></lb>and Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg214"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Thoſe aſpects of 

<lb></lb>the Sun neceſſary 

<lb></lb>for our generati­

<lb></lb>ons, are not ſo in 

<lb></lb>the Moon.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg215"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Natural dayas 

<lb></lb>in the Moon are of 

<lb></lb>a Moneth long.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg216"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>To the Moon 

<lb></lb>the Sun aſeondeth 

<lb></lb>and declineth with 

<lb></lb>a difference of ten 

<lb></lb>degrees, and to the 

<lb></lb>Earth of forty ſe­

<lb></lb>ven degrees.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg217"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>There are no 

<lb></lb>rains in the Moon.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>To this may be anſwered, either that there might be 

<lb></lb>great miſts, or that it might rain in the time of their night, that is, 

<lb></lb>when the Sun doth not illuminate it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If other paſſages did but aſſure us, that there were ge­

<lb></lb>nerations in it like to ours, and that there was onely wanting the 

<lb></lb>concourſe of rains, we might find out this, or ſome other tempe­

<lb></lb>rament to ſerve inſtead thereof, as it happens in <emph type="italics"></emph>Egypt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by the in­

<lb></lb>undation of <emph type="italics"></emph>Nile:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but not meeting with any accident, which cor­

<lb></lb>reſponds with ours, of many that have been ſought out for the pro­

<lb></lb>duction of the like effects, we need not trouble our ſelves to intro­

<lb></lb>duce one alone; and that alſo, not becauſe we have certain obſer­

<lb></lb>vation of it, but for a bare non-repugnance that we find therein. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Moreover, if I was demanded what my firſt apprehenſion, and pure 

<lb></lb>natural reaſon dictated to me concerning the production of things 

<lb></lb>like or unlike there above, I would alwayes reply, that they are 

<lb></lb>moſt different, and to us altogether unimaginable, for ſo me thinks 

<lb></lb>the riches of Nature, and the omnipotence of our Creator and 

<lb></lb>Governour, do require.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I ever accounted extraordinary madneſſe that of thoſe, 

<lb></lb>who would make humane comprehenſion the meaſure of what na­

<lb></lb>ture hath a power or knowledge to effect; whereas on the con­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg218"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>trary there is not any the leaſt effect in Nature, which can be fully 

<lb></lb>underſtood by the moſt ſpeculative wits in the world. </s><s>This their 

<lb></lb>ſo vain preſumption of knowing all, can take beginning from no­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/091.jpg" pagenum="85"></pb>thing, unleſſe from their never having known any thing; for if 

<lb></lb>one hath but once onely experienced the perfect knowledg of one 

<lb></lb>onely thing, and but truly taſted what it is to know, he ſhall per­

<lb></lb>ceive that of infinite other concluſions, he underſtands not ſo much 

<lb></lb>as one.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg218"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The having a 

<lb></lb>perfect knowledg 

<lb></lb>of nothing, maketh 

<lb></lb>ſome believe they 

<lb></lb>underſtand all 

<lb></lb>things.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Your diſcourſe is very concluding; in confirmation of 

<lb></lb>which we have the example of thoſe who underſtand, or have 

<lb></lb>known ſome thing, which the more knowing they are, the more 

<lb></lb>they know, and freely confeſſe that they know little; nay, the 

<lb></lb>wiſeſt man in all <emph type="italics"></emph>Greece,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and for ſuch pronounced by the Oracle, 

<lb></lb>openly profeſſed to know that he knew nothing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It muſt be granted therefore, either that <emph type="italics"></emph>Socrates<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or 

<lb></lb>that the <emph type="italics"></emph>Oracle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it ſelf was a lyar, <emph type="italics"></emph>that declaring him to be moſt 

<lb></lb>wiſe, and he confeſſing that he knew himſelf to be moſt ig­

<lb></lb>norant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Neither one nor the other doth follow, for that both 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg219"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the aſſertions may be true. </s><s>The <emph type="italics"></emph>Oracle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> adjudged <emph type="italics"></emph>Socrates<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the wi­

<lb></lb>ſeſt of all men, whoſe knowledg is limited; <emph type="italics"></emph>Socrates<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> acknow­

<lb></lb>ledgeth that he knew nothing in relation to abſolute wiſdome, 

<lb></lb>which is infinite; and becauſe of infinite, much is the ſame part, 

<lb></lb>as is little, and as is nothing (for to arrive <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to the infinite 

<lb></lb>number, it is all one to accumulate thouſands, tens, or ciphers,) 

<lb></lb>therefore <emph type="italics"></emph>Socrates<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> well perceived his wiſdom to be nothing, in 

<lb></lb>compariſon of the infinite knowledg which he wanted. </s><s>But yet, 

<lb></lb>becauſe there is ſome knowledg found amongſt men, and this 

<lb></lb>not equally ſhared to all, <emph type="italics"></emph>Socrates<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> might have a greater ſhare 

<lb></lb>thereof than others, and therefore verified the anſwer of the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Oracle.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg219"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The anſwer of 

<lb></lb>the Oracle true in 

<lb></lb>judging<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Socrates 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>the wiſeft of his 

<lb></lb>time.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I think I very well underſtand this particular amongſt 

<lb></lb>men, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> there is a power of operating, but not equally 

<lb></lb>diſpenſed to all; and it is without queſtion, that the power of an 

<lb></lb>Emperor is far greater than that of a private perſon; but, both 

<lb></lb>this and that are nothing in compariſon of the Divine Omnipo­

<lb></lb>tence. </s><s>Amongſt men, there are ſome that better underſtand 

<lb></lb>Agriculture than many others; but the knowledg of planting a 

<lb></lb>Vine in a trench, what hath it to do with the knowledg of ma­

<lb></lb>king it to ſprout forth, to attract nouriſhment, to ſelect this good 

<lb></lb>part from that other, for to make thereof leaves, another to make 

<lb></lb>ſprouts, another to make grapes, another to make raiſins, ano­

<lb></lb>ther to make the huskes of them, which are the works of moſt 

<lb></lb>wiſe Nature? </s><s>This is one only particular act of the innumerable, 

<lb></lb>which Nature doth, and in it alone is diſcovered an infinite wiſ­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg220"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>dom, ſo that Divine Wiſdom may be concluded to be infinitely 

<lb></lb>infinite.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg220"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Divine Wiſdom 

<lb></lb>infinitely infinise.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Take hereof another example. </s><s>Do we not ſay that the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/092.jpg" pagenum="86"></pb>judicious diſcovering of a moſt lovely <emph type="italics"></emph>Statua<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in a piece of Marble, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg221"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>hath ſublimated the wit of <emph type="italics"></emph>Buonarruotti<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> far above the vulgar wits 

<lb></lb>of other men? </s><s>And yet this work is onely the imitation of a 

<lb></lb>meer aptitude and diſpoſition of exteriour and ſuperficial mem­

<lb></lb>bers of an immoveable man; but what is it in compariſon of a 

<lb></lb>man made by nature, compoſed of as many exteriour and inte­

<lb></lb>riour members, of ſo many muſcles, tendons, nerves, bones, 

<lb></lb>which ſerve to ſo many and ſundry motions? </s><s>but what ſhall we 

<lb></lb>ſay of the ſenſes, and of the powers of the ſoul, and laſtly, of 

<lb></lb>the underſtanding? </s><s>May we not ſay, and that with reaſon, that 

<lb></lb>the ſtructure of a Statue fals far ſhort of the formation of a living 

<lb></lb>man, yea more of a contemptible worm?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg221"></margin.target>Buonarruotti, <emph type="italics"></emph>a 

<lb></lb>ſtatuary of admi­

<lb></lb>rable ingenuity.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And what difference think you, was there betwixt the 

<lb></lb>Dove of <emph type="italics"></emph>Architas,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and one made by Nature?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Either I am none of theſe knowing men, or elſe 

<lb></lb>there is a manifeſt contradiction in this your diſcourſe. </s><s>You ac­

<lb></lb>count underſtanding amongſt the greateſt (if you make it not the 

<lb></lb>chief of the) <emph type="italics"></emph>Encomiums<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> aſcribed to man made by Nature, and 

<lb></lb>a little before you ſaid with <emph type="italics"></emph>Socrates,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that he had no knowledg at 

<lb></lb>all; therefore you muſt ſay, that neither did Nature underſtand 

<lb></lb>how to make an underſtanding that underſtandeth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You argue very cunningly, but to reply to your obje­

<lb></lb>ction I muſt have recourſe to a Philoſophical diſtinction, and ſay 

<lb></lb>that the underſtanding is to be taken too ways, that is <emph type="italics"></emph>intenſivè,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg222"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>extenſivè<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and that <emph type="italics"></emph>extenſive,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that is, as to the multitude of intel­

<lb></lb>ligibles, which are infinite, the underſtanding of man is as no­

<lb></lb>thing, though he ſhould underſtand a thouſand propoſitions; for 

<lb></lb>that a thouſand, in reſpect of infinity is but as a cypher: but taking 

<lb></lb>the underſtanding <emph type="italics"></emph>intenſive,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (in as much as that term imports) in­

<lb></lb>tenſively, that is, perfectly ſome propoſitions, I ſay, that humane wiſ­

<lb></lb>dom underſtandeth ſome propoſitions ſo perfectly, and is as abſo­

<lb></lb>lutely certain thereof, as Nature her ſelf; and ſuch are the pure 

<lb></lb>Mathematical ſciences, to wit, Geometry and Arithmetick: in which 

<lb></lb>Divine Wiſdom knows infinite more propoſitions, becauſe it knows 

<lb></lb>them all; but I believe that the knowledge of thoſe few compre­

<lb></lb>hended by humane underſtanding, equalleth the divine, as to the 

<lb></lb>certainty <emph type="italics"></emph>objectivè,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for that it arriveth to comprehend the neceſ­

<lb></lb>ſity thereof, than which there can be no greater certainty.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg222"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Man underſtand­

<lb></lb>eth very well<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in­

<lb></lb>tenſivè, <emph type="italics"></emph>but little<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>extenſivè.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This ſeemeth to me a very bold and raſh expreſſion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Theſe are common notions, and far from all umbrage 

<lb></lb>of temerity, or boldneſs, and detract not in the leaſt from the Ma­

<lb></lb>jeſty of divine wiſdom; as it nothing diminiſheth the omnipotence 

<lb></lb>thereof to ſay, that God cannot make what is once done, to be un­

<lb></lb>done: but I doubt, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that your ſcruple ariſeth from an o­

<lb></lb>pinion you have, that my words are ſomewhat equivocal; there­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/093.jpg" pagenum="87"></pb>fore the better to expreſs my ſelf I ſay, that as to the truth, of 

<lb></lb>which Mathematical demonſtrations give us the knowledge, it is 

<lb></lb>the ſame, which the divine wiſdom knoweth; but this I muſt grant 

<lb></lb>you, that the manner whereby God knoweth the infinite propo­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg223"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſitions, of which we underſtand ſome few, is highly more excellent 

<lb></lb>than ours, which proceedeth by ratiocination, and paſſeth from con­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg224"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>cluſion to concluſion, whereas his is done at one ſingle thought or 

<lb></lb>intuition; and whereas we, for example, to attain the knowledg 

<lb></lb>of ſome paſſion of the Circle, which hath infinite, beginning 

<lb></lb>from one of the moſt ſimple, and taking that for its definition, 

<lb></lb>do proceed with argumentation to another, and from that to a 

<lb></lb>third, and then to a fourth, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the Divine Wiſdom, by the 

<lb></lb>apprehenſion of its eſſence comprehends, without temporary raci­

<lb></lb>ocination, all theſe infinite paſſions; which notwithſtanding, are 

<lb></lb>in effect virtually compriſed in the definitions of all things; and, to 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg225"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>conclude, as being infinite, perhaps are but one alone in their nature, 

<lb></lb>and in the Divine Mind; the which neither is wholly unknown to 

<lb></lb>humane underſtanding, but onely be-clouded with thick and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg226"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>groſſe miſts; which come in part to be diſſipated and clarified, 

<lb></lb>when we are made Maſters of any concluſions, firmly demon­

<lb></lb>ſtrated, and ſo perfectly made ours, as that we can ſpeedily run 

<lb></lb>through them; for in ſum, what other, is that propoſition, that 

<lb></lb>the ſquare of the ſide ſubtending the right angle in any triangle, 

<lb></lb>is equal to the ſquares of the other two, which include it, but 

<lb></lb>onely the Paralellograms being upon common baſes, and between 

<lb></lb>parallels equal amongſt themſelves? </s><s>and this, laſtly, is it not the 

<lb></lb>ſame, as to ſay that thoſe two ſuperficies are equal, of which 

<lb></lb>equal parts applyed to equal parts, poſſeſſe equal place? </s><s>Now 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg227"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>theſe inferences, which our intellect apprehendeth with time and a 

<lb></lb>gradual motion, the Divine Wiſdom, like light, penetrateth in 

<lb></lb>an inſtant, which is the ſame as to ſay, hath them alwayes pre­

<lb></lb>ſent: I conclude therefore, that our underſtanding, both as to 

<lb></lb>the manner and the multitude of the things comprehended by us, 

<lb></lb>is infinitely ſurpaſt by the Divine Wiſdom; but yet I do not ſo 

<lb></lb>vilifie it, as to repute it abſolutely nothing; yea rather, when I 

<lb></lb>conſider how many and how great miſteries men have underſtood, 

<lb></lb>diſcovered, and contrived, I very plainly know and underſtand 

<lb></lb>the mind of man to be one of the works, yea one of the moſt ex­

<lb></lb>cellent works of God.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg223"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Gods manner of 

<lb></lb>knowing different 

<lb></lb>from that of men.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg224"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Humane under­

<lb></lb>ſtanding done by 

<lb></lb>raciocination.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg225"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Definitions con­

<lb></lb>tein virtually all 

<lb></lb>the paſſions of the 

<lb></lb>things defined.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg226"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Infinite Paſſions 

<lb></lb>are perhaps but 

<lb></lb>one onely.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg227"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The diſcourſes 

<lb></lb>which humane 

<lb></lb>reaſon makes in a 

<lb></lb>certain time, the 

<lb></lb>Divine Wiſdom re­

<lb></lb>ſolveth in a mo­

<lb></lb>ment; that is, hath 

<lb></lb>them alwayes pre­

<lb></lb>ſent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I have oft times conſidered with my ſelf, in purſuance 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg228"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of that which you ſpeak of, how great the wit of man is; and 

<lb></lb>whil&#039;ſt I run thorow ſuch and ſo many admirable inventions found 

<lb></lb>out by him, as well in the Arts, as Sciences; and again reflecting 

<lb></lb>upon my own wit, ſo far from promiſing me the diſcovery of any 

<lb></lb>thing new, that I deſpair of comprehending what is already diſ­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/094.jpg" pagenum="88"></pb>covered, confounded with wonder, and ſurpriſed with deſpera­

<lb></lb>tion, I account my ſelf little leſſe than miſerable. </s><s>If I behold a 

<lb></lb>Statue of ſome excellent Maſter, I ſay with my ſelf; When wilt 

<lb></lb>thou know how to chizzle away the refuſe of a piece of Marble, 

<lb></lb>and diſcover ſo lovely a figure, as lyeth hid therein? </s><s>When wilt 

<lb></lb>thou mix and ſpread ſo many different colours upon a Cloth, or 

<lb></lb>Wall, and repreſent therewith all viſible objects, like a <emph type="italics"></emph>Michael 

<lb></lb>Angelo,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a <emph type="italics"></emph>Raphaello,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or a <emph type="italics"></emph>Tizvano<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? </s><s>If I behold what inventions 

<lb></lb>men have in comparting Muſical intervals, in eſtabliſhing Pre­

<lb></lb>cepts and Rules for the management thereof with admirable de­

<lb></lb>light to the ear: When ſhall I ceaſe my aſtoniſhment? </s><s>What 

<lb></lb>ſhall I ſay of ſuch and ſo various Inſtruments of that Art? </s><s>The 

<lb></lb>reading of excellent Poets, with what admiration doth it ſwell 

<lb></lb>any one that attentively conſidereth the invention of conceits, 

<lb></lb>and their explanation? </s><s>What ſhall we ſay of Architecture? 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg229"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>What of Navigation? </s><s>But, above all other ſtupendious inventi­

<lb></lb>ons, what ſublimity of mind was that in him, that imagined to 

<lb></lb>himſelf to find out a way to communicate his moſt ſecret thoughts 

<lb></lb>to any other perſon, though very far diſtant from him either in 

<lb></lb>time, or place, ſpeaking with thoſe that are in the <emph type="italics"></emph>India&#039;s<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; ſpeak­

<lb></lb>ing to thoſe that are not yet born, nor ſhall be this thouſand, or 

<lb></lb>ten thouſand years? </s><s>and with how much facility? </s><s>but by the va­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg230"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>rious collocation of ^{*} twenty little letters upon a paper? </s><s>Let this 

<lb></lb>be the Seal of all the admirable inventions of man, and the cloſe 

<lb></lb>of our Diſcourſe for this day: For the warmer hours being paſt, 

<lb></lb>I ſuppoſe that <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath a deſire to go and take the air in his 

<lb></lb>Gondelo; but too morrow we will both wait upon you, to con­

<lb></lb>tinue the Diſcourſes we have begun, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg228"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The wit of man 

<lb></lb>admirably acute.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg229"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The invention of 

<lb></lb>writing ſtupendious 

<lb></lb>above all others.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg230"></margin.target>* For of ſo many 

<lb></lb>only the Italian 

<lb></lb>Alphabet conſiſts.</s></p><pb xlink:href="065/01/095.jpg"></pb><figure id="id.065.01.095.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/095/1.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.095.2.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/095/2.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.095.3.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/095/3.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.095.4.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/095/4.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.095.5.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/095/5.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.095.6.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/095/6.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.095.7.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/095/7.jpg"></figure><p type="caption"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>Place this Plate 

<lb></lb>at the end of 

<lb></lb>the first<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb>Dialogue</s></p><pb xlink:href="065/01/096.jpg"></pb></chap><chap>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/097.jpg" pagenum="89"></pb><p type="head"><s>GALILÆUS 

<lb></lb>Galilæus Lyncæus, 

<lb></lb>HIS 

<lb></lb>SYSTEME 

<lb></lb>OF THE 

<lb></lb>WORLD.</s></p><p type="head"><s>The Second Dialogue.</s></p><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>INTERLOCVTORS.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="head"><s>SALVIATUS, SAGREDUS, and SIMPLICIUS.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The yeſter-dayes diverſions which led us 

<lb></lb>out of the path of our principal diſcourſe, 

<lb></lb>were ſuch and ſo many, that I know not 

<lb></lb>how I can without your aſſiſtance reco­

<lb></lb>ver the track in which I am to proceed.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I wonder not, that you, who 

<lb></lb>have your fancy charged and laden with 

<lb></lb>both what hath been, and is to be ſpo­

<lb></lb>ken, do find your ſelf in ſome confuſi­

<lb></lb>on; but I, who as being onely an Auditor, have nothing to bur­

<lb></lb>then my memory withal, but ſuch things as I have heard, may 

<lb></lb>happily by a ſuccinct rehearſal of them, recover the firſt thred 

<lb></lb>of our Diſcourſe. </s><s>As far therefore as my memory ſerves me, the 

<lb></lb>ſum of yeſterdayes conferences were an examination of the Prin­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/098.jpg" pagenum="90"></pb>ciples of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and which of their opinions is 

<lb></lb>the more probable and rational; that, which affirmeth the ſub­

<lb></lb>ſtance of the Cœleſtial bodies to be ingenerable, incorruptible, un­

<lb></lb>alterable, impaſſible, and in a word, exempt from all kind of change, 

<lb></lb>ſave that of local, and therefore to be a <emph type="italics"></emph>fifth eſſence,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> quite different 

<lb></lb>from this of our Elementary bodies, which are generable, corrup­

<lb></lb>tible, alterable, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or elſe the other, which taking away ſuch 

<lb></lb>deformity from the parts of the World, holdeth the Earth to en­

<lb></lb>joy the ſame perfections as the other integral bodies of the uni­

<lb></lb>verſe; and eſteemeth it a moveable and erratick Globe, no leſſe 

<lb></lb>than the Moon, <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter, Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or any other Planet: And laſtly, 

<lb></lb>maketh many particular parallels betwixt the Earth and Moon; 

<lb></lb>and more with the Moon, than with any other Planet; hap­

<lb></lb>ly by reaſon we have greater and more certain notice of it, as 

<lb></lb>being leſſe diſtant from us. </s><s>And having, laſtly, concluded this 

<lb></lb>ſecond opinion to have more of probability with it than the firſt, 

<lb></lb>I ſhould think it beſt in the ſubſequent diſcourſes to begin to exa­

<lb></lb>mine whether the Earth be eſteemed immoveable, as it hath 

<lb></lb>been till now believed by moſt men, or elſe moveable, as ſome 

<lb></lb>ancient <emph type="italics"></emph>Philoſophers<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> held, and others of not very receſſe times, 

<lb></lb>were of opinion; and if it be moveable, to enquire of what 

<lb></lb>kind its motion may be?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I ſee already what way I am to take; but before we 

<lb></lb>offer to proceed any farther, I am to ſay ſomething to you touch­

<lb></lb>ing thoſe laſt words which you ſpake, how that the opinion which 

<lb></lb>holds the Earth to be endued with the ſame conditions that the 

<lb></lb>Cœleſtial bodies enjoy, ſeems to be more true than the contra­

<lb></lb>ry; for that I affirmed no ſuch thing, nor would I have any of the 

<lb></lb>Propoſitions in controverſie, be made to ſpeak to any definitive 

<lb></lb>ſenſe: but I onely intended to produce on either part, thoſe rea­

<lb></lb>ſons and anſwers, arguments and ſolutions, which have been hi­

<lb></lb>therto thought upon by others, together with certain others, 

<lb></lb>which I have ſtumbled upon in my long ſearching thereinto, al­

<lb></lb>wayes remitting the deciſion thereof to the judgment of others.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I was unawares tranſported by my own ſenſe of the 

<lb></lb>thing; and believing that others ought to judg as I did, I made 

<lb></lb>that concluſion univerſal, which ſhould have been particular; and 

<lb></lb>therefore confeſſe I have erred, and the rather, in that I know 

<lb></lb>not what <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> his judgment is in this particular.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I muſt confeſſe, that I have been ruminating all this 

<lb></lb>night of what paſt yeſterday, and to ſay the truth, I meet there­

<lb></lb>in with many acute, new, aud plauſible notions; yet nevertheleſs, 

<lb></lb>I find my ſelf over-perſwaded by the authority of ſo many great 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Writers,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and in particular -------<emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I ſee you ſhake your 

<lb></lb>head <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and ſmile to your ſelf, as if I had uttered ſome 

<lb></lb>great abſurdity.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/099.jpg" pagenum="91"></pb><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I not onely ſmile, but to tell you true, am ready to 

<lb></lb>burſt with holding in my ſelf from laughing outright, for you 

<lb></lb>have put me in mind of a very pretty paſſage, that I was a wit­

<lb></lb>neſſe of, not many years ſince, together with ſome others of 

<lb></lb>my worthy friends, which I could yet name unto you.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It would be well that you told us what it was, that ſo 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> may not ſtill think that he gave you the occaſion of 

<lb></lb>laughter.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am content. </s><s>I found one day, at home in his houſe, at 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Venice,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a famous Phiſician, to whom ſome flockt for their ſtudies, 

<lb></lb>and others out of curioſity, ſometimes came thither to ſee certain A­

<lb></lb>natomies diſſected by the hand of a no leſſe learned, than careful 

<lb></lb>and experienced Anatomiſt. </s><s>It chanced upon that day, when I was 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg231"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>there, that he was in ſearch of the original and riſe of the Nerves, 

<lb></lb>about which there is a famous controverſie between the <emph type="italics"></emph>Galeniſts<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and the Anatomiſt ſhewing, how that the great 

<lb></lb>number of Nerves departing from the Brain, as their root, and 

<lb></lb>paſſing by the nape of the Neck, diſtend themſelves afterwards 

<lb></lb>along by the Back-bone, and branch themſelves thorow all the 

<lb></lb>Body; and that a very ſmall filament, as fine as a thred went to 

<lb></lb>the Heart; he turned to a Gentleman whom he knew to be a <emph type="italics"></emph>Pe­

<lb></lb>ripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Philoſopher, and for whoſe ſake he had with extraor­

<lb></lb>dinary exactneſſe, diſcovered and proved every thing, and demand­

<lb></lb>ed of him, if he was at length ſatisfied and perſwaded that the origi­

<lb></lb>nal of the Nerves proceeded from the Brain, and not from the 

<lb></lb>Heart? </s><s>To which the Philoſopher, after he had ſtood muſing a 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg232"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>while, anſwered; you have made me to ſee this buſineſſe ſo 

<lb></lb>plainly and ſenſibly, that did not the <emph type="italics"></emph>Text<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> aſſert the 

<lb></lb>contrary, which poſitively affirmeth the Nerves to proceed from 

<lb></lb>the Heart, I ſhould be conſtrained to confeſſe your opinion to be 

<lb></lb>true.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg231"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The original of 

<lb></lb>the Nerv s. </s><s>ac­

<lb></lb>cording to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſto­

<lb></lb>tle, <emph type="italics"></emph>and according 

<lb></lb>to Phiſicians.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg232"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ridiculus 

<lb></lb>anſwer of a Philo­

<lb></lb>ſopher, determi­

<lb></lb>ning the original of 

<lb></lb>the Nerves.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I would have you know my Maſters, that this contro­

<lb></lb>verſie about the original of the Nerves is not yet ſo proved and 

<lb></lb>decided, as ſome may perhaps perſwade themſelves.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Nor queſtionleſſe ever ſhall it be, if it find ſuch like 

<lb></lb>contradictors; but that which you ſay, doth not at all leſſen the 

<lb></lb>extravagance of the anſwer of that <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who againſt 

<lb></lb>ſuch ſenſible experience produced not other experiments, or rea­

<lb></lb>ſons of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but his bare authority and pure <emph type="italics"></emph>ipſe dixit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> had not gained ſo great authority, but for 

<lb></lb>the force of his Demonſtrations, and the profoundneſſe of his 

<lb></lb>arguments; but it is requiſite that we underſtand him, and not 

<lb></lb>onely underſtand him, but have ſo great familiarity with his 

<lb></lb>Books, that we form a perfect <emph type="italics"></emph>Idea<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> thereof in our minds, ſo as 

<lb></lb>that every ſaying of his may be alwayes as it were, preſent in our 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/100.jpg" pagenum="92"></pb>memory for he did not write to the vulgar, nor is he obliged to 

<lb></lb>ſpin out his Sillogiſmes with the trivial method of diſputes; nay 

<lb></lb>rather, uſing a freedome, he hath ſometimes placed the proof 

<lb></lb>of one Propoſition amongſt Texts, which ſeem to treat of quite 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg233"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>another point; and therefore it is requiſite to be maſter of all 

<lb></lb>that vaſt <emph type="italics"></emph>Idea,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and to learn how to connect this paſſage with that, 

<lb></lb>and to combine this Text with another far remote from it; for it 

<lb></lb>is not to be queſtioned but that he who hath thus ſtudied him, 

<lb></lb>knows how to gather from his Books the demonſtrations of every 

<lb></lb>knowable deduction, for that they contein all things.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg233"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Requiſites to fit 

<lb></lb>a man to philoſo­

<lb></lb>phate well after 

<lb></lb>the manner of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> A­

<lb></lb>riſtotle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But good <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> like as the things ſcattered here 

<lb></lb>and there in <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> give you no trouble in collecting them, 

<lb></lb>but that you perſwade your ſelf to be able by comparing and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg234"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>connecting ſeveral ſmall ſentences to extract thence the juice of 

<lb></lb>ſome deſired concluſion, ſo this, which you and other egregi­

<lb></lb>ous Philoſophers do with the Text of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I could do by the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg235"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>verſes of <emph type="italics"></emph>Virgil,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ovid,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> compoſing thereof ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Centones,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>therewith explaining all the affairs of men, and ſecrets of Na­

<lb></lb>ture. </s><s>But what talk I of <emph type="italics"></emph>Virgil,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or any other Poet? </s><s>I have a lit­

<lb></lb>tle Book much ſhorter than <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ovid,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in which are con­

<lb></lb>teined all the Sciences, and with very little ſtudy, one may gather 

<lb></lb>out of it a moſt perfect <emph type="italics"></emph>Idea,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and this is the <emph type="italics"></emph>Alphabet<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and there 

<lb></lb>is no doubt but that he who knows how to couple and diſpoſe 

<lb></lb>aright this and that vowel, with thoſe, or thoſe other conſonants, 

<lb></lb>may gather thence the infallible anſwers to all doubts, and de­

<lb></lb>duce from them the principles of all Sciences and Arts, juſt in the 

<lb></lb>ſame manner as the Painter from divers ſimple colours, laid ſeve­

<lb></lb>rally upon his <emph type="italics"></emph>Pallate,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> proceedeth by mixing a little of this and 

<lb></lb>a little of that, with a little of a third, to repreſent to the life 

<lb></lb>men, plants, buildings, birds, fiſhes, and in a word, counterfeit­

<lb></lb>ing what ever object is viſible, though there be not on the <emph type="italics"></emph>Pallate<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>all the while, either eyes, or feathers, or fins, or leaves, or ſtones. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Nay, farther, it is neceſſary, that none of the things to be imita­

<lb></lb>ted, or any part of them, be actually among colours, if you 

<lb></lb>would be able therewith to repreſent all things; for ſhould there 

<lb></lb>be amongſt them <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> feathers, theſe would ſerve to repreſent 

<lb></lb>nothing ſave birds, and plumed creatures.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg234"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A cunning way 

<lb></lb>to gather Philoſo­

<lb></lb>phy out of any book 

<lb></lb>whatſoever.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg235"></margin.target>* A word ſignify­

<lb></lb>ing works compo­

<lb></lb>ſed of many frag­

<lb></lb>ments of verſes 

<lb></lb>collected out of the 

<lb></lb>Poets.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And there are certain Gentlemen yet living, and in health, 

<lb></lb>who were preſent, when a Doctor, that was Profeſſor in a fa­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg236"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>mous Academy, hearing the deſcription of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcope,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by him 

<lb></lb>not ſeen as then, ſaid, that the invention was taken from <emph type="italics"></emph>Ari­

<lb></lb>ſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and cauſing his works to be fetch&#039;t, he turned to a place 

<lb></lb>where the Philoſopher gives the reaſon, whence it commeth, that 

<lb></lb>from the bottom of a very deep Well, one may ſee the ſtars in 

<lb></lb>Heaven, at noon day; and, addreſſing himſelf to the company, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/101.jpg" pagenum="93"></pb>ſee here, ſaith he, the Well, which repreſenteth the Tube, ſee 

<lb></lb>here the groſs vapours, from whence is taken the invention of 

<lb></lb>the Cryſtals, and ſee here laſtly the ſight fortified by the paſſage 

<lb></lb>of the rays through a diaphanous, but more denſe and obſcure 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>medium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg236"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Invention of the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Teleſcope <emph type="italics"></emph>taken 

<lb></lb>from<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſtotle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This is a way to comprehend all things knowable, much 

<lb></lb>like to that wherewith a piece of marble conteineth in it one, yea, 

<lb></lb>a thouſand very beautiful Statua&#039;s, but the difficulty lieth in be­

<lb></lb>ing able to diſcover them; or we may ſay, that it is like to the 

<lb></lb>propheſies of Abbot <emph type="italics"></emph>Joachim,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or the anſwers of the Heathen 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Oracles,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which are not to be underſtood, till after the things 

<lb></lb>fore-told are come to paſſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And why do you not adde the predictions of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ge­

<lb></lb>nethliacks,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which are with like cleerneſſe ſeen after the event, in 

<lb></lb>their Horoſcopes, or, if you will, Configurations of the Heavens.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>In this manner the Chymiſts find, being led by their 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg237"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>melancholly humour, that all the ſublimeſt wits of the World 

<lb></lb>have writ of nothing elſe in reality, than of the way to make 

<lb></lb>Gold; but, that they might tranſmit the ſecret to poſterity with­

<lb></lb>out diſcovering it to the vulgar, they contrived ſome one way, and 

<lb></lb>ſome another how to conceal the ſame under ſeveral maskes; and 

<lb></lb>it would make one merry to hear their comments upon the ancient 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Poets,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> finding out the important miſteries, which lie hid under 

<lb></lb>their Fables; and the ſignification of the Loves of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Moon,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and her deſcending to the Earth for <emph type="italics"></emph>Endimion<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; her diſpleaſure 

<lb></lb>againſt <emph type="italics"></emph>Acteon,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and what was meant by <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiters<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> turning himſelf 

<lb></lb>into a ſhowre of <emph type="italics"></emph>Gold<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and into flames of fire; and what great 

<lb></lb>ſecrets of Art are conteined in that <emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the <emph type="italics"></emph>Interpreter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; in 

<lb></lb>thoſe thefts of <emph type="italics"></emph>Pluto<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and in thoſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Branches<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of <emph type="italics"></emph>Gold.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg237"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Chymiſts inter­

<lb></lb>pret the Eables of 

<lb></lb>the Poets to be ſe­

<lb></lb>crets for making of 

<lb></lb>Gold.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I believe, and in part know, that there want not in the 

<lb></lb>World very extravagant heads, the vanities of whom ought not to 

<lb></lb>redound to the prejudice of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of whom my thinks you 

<lb></lb>ſpeak ſometimes with too little reſpect, and the onely antiquity 

<lb></lb>and bare name that he hath acquired in the opinions of ſo many 

<lb></lb>famous men, ſhould ſuffice to render him honourable with all 

<lb></lb>that profeſſe themſelves learned.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You ſtate not the matter rightly, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; There 

<lb></lb>are ſome of his followers that fear before they are in danger, 

<lb></lb>who give us occaſion, or, to ſay better, would give us cauſe to 

<lb></lb>eſteem him leſſe, ſhould we conſent to applaud their <emph type="italics"></emph>Capricio&#039;s.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg238"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>And you, pray you tell me, are you for your part ſo ſimple, as 

<lb></lb>not to know that had <emph type="italics"></emph>Arictotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> been preſent, to have heard the 

<lb></lb>Doctor that would have made him Author of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcope,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> he 

<lb></lb>would have been much more diſpleaſed with him, than with thoſe, 

<lb></lb>who laught at the Doctor and his Comments? </s><s>Do you queſtion 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/102.jpg" pagenum="94"></pb>whether <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> had he but ſeen the novelties diſcovered in Hea­

<lb></lb>ven, would not have changed his opinion, amended his Books, 

<lb></lb>and embraced the more ſenſible Doctrine; rejecting thoſe ſilly 

<lb></lb>Gulls, which too ſcrupulouſly, go about to defend what ever he 

<lb></lb>hath ſaid; not conſidering, that if <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> were ſuch a one as 

<lb></lb>they fancy him to themſelves, he would be a man of an untracta­

<lb></lb>ble wit, an obſtinate mind, a barbarous ſoul, a ſtubborn will, 

<lb></lb>that accounting all men elſe but as ſilly ſheep, would have his 

<lb></lb>Oracles preferred before the Senſes, Experience, and Nature her 

<lb></lb>ſelf? </s><s>They are the Sectators of <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that have given him this 

<lb></lb>Authority, and not he that hath uſurped or taken it upon him; 

<lb></lb>and becauſe it is more eaſie for a man to ſculk under anothers 

<lb></lb>ſhield than to ſhew himſelf openly, they tremble, and are affraid 

<lb></lb>to ſtir one ſtep from him; and rather than they will admit ſome 

<lb></lb>alterations in the Heaven of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> they will impertinently de­

<lb></lb>ny thoſe they behold in the Heaven of <emph type="italics"></emph>Nature.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg238"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Some of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſto­

<lb></lb>tles <emph type="italics"></emph>Sectators im­

<lb></lb>pare the reputation 

<lb></lb>of their Maſter, in 

<lb></lb>going about to en­

<lb></lb>hanſe it.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Theſe kind of Drolleries put me in mind of that Statu­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg239"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ary which having reduced a great piece of Marble to the Image of 

<lb></lb>an <emph type="italics"></emph>Hercules,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or a thundring <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I know not whether, and 

<lb></lb>given it with admirable Art ſuch a vivacity and threatning fury, 

<lb></lb>that it moved terror in as many as beheld it; he himſelf began 

<lb></lb>alſo to be affraid thereof, though all its ſprightfulneſſe, and life 

<lb></lb>was his own workmanſhip; and his affrightment was ſuch, that 

<lb></lb>he had no longer the courage to affront it with his Chizzels and 

<lb></lb>Mallet.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg239"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A ridiculous 

<lb></lb>paſſage of a certain 

<lb></lb>Statuary.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have many times wondered how theſe nice maintain­

<lb></lb>ers of what ever fell from <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are not aware how great a pre­

<lb></lb>judice they are to his reputation and credit; and how that the 

<lb></lb>more they go about to encreaſe his Authority, the more they 

<lb></lb>diminiſh it; for whileſt I ſee them obſtinate in their attempts 

<lb></lb>to maintain thoſe Propoſitions which I palpably diſcover to 

<lb></lb>be manifeſtly falſe; and in their deſires to perſwade me that 

<lb></lb>ſo to do, is the part of a Philoſopher; and that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf 

<lb></lb>would do the ſame, it much abates in me of the opinion that he 

<lb></lb>hath rightly philoſophated about other concluſions, to me more 

<lb></lb>abſtruſe: for if I could ſee them concede and change opinion in 

<lb></lb>a manifeſt truth, I would believe, that in thoſe in which they 

<lb></lb>ſhould perſiſt, they may have ſome ſolid demonſtrations to me un­

<lb></lb>known, and unheard of.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Or when they ſhould be made to ſee that they have ha­

<lb></lb>zarded too much of their own and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>&#039;s repuatation in con­

<lb></lb>feſſing, that they had not underſtood this or that concluſion found 

<lb></lb>out by ſome other man; would it not be a leſs evil for them to 

<lb></lb>ſeek for it amongſt his Texts, by laying many of them together, 

<lb></lb>according to the art intimated to us by <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? </s><s>for if his 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/103.jpg" pagenum="95"></pb>works contain all things knowable, it muſt follow alſo that they 

<lb></lb>may be therein diſcovered.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Good <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> make no jeſt of this advice, which me 

<lb></lb>thinks you rehearſe in too Ironical a way; for it is not long ſince 

<lb></lb>that a very eminent Philoſopher having compoſed a Book <emph type="italics"></emph>de animà,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>wherein, citing the opinion of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> about its being or not be­

<lb></lb>ing immortal, he alledged many Texts, (not any of thoſe hereto­

<lb></lb>fore quoted by <emph type="italics"></emph>Alexander ab Alexandro<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: for in thoſe he ſaid, that 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> had not ſo much as treated of that matter, much leſs de­

<lb></lb>termined any thing pertaining to the ſame, but others) by himſelf 

<lb></lb>found out in other more abſtruſe places, which tended to an er­

<lb></lb>roneous ſenſe: and being adviſed, that he would find it an hard 

<lb></lb>matter to get a Licence from the Inquiſitors, he writ back unto 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg240"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>his friend, that he would notwithſtanding, with all expedition 

<lb></lb>procure the ſame, for that if no other obſtacle ſhould interpoſe, 

<lb></lb>he would not much ſcruple to change the Doctrine of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and with other expoſitions, and other Texts to maintain the con­

<lb></lb>trary opinion, which yet ſhould be alſo agreeable to the ſenſe of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg240"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A brave reſolu­

<lb></lb>tion of a certain<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Peripatetick <emph type="italics"></emph>Phi­

<lb></lb>loſopher.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Oh moſt profound Doctor, this! that can command 

<lb></lb>me that I ſtir not a ſtep from <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but will himſelf lead 

<lb></lb>him by the noſe, and make him ſpeak as he pleaſeth. </s><s>See how 

<lb></lb>much it importeth to learn to take <emph type="italics"></emph>Time<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by the <emph type="italics"></emph>Fore-top.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Nor 

<lb></lb>is it ſeaſonable to have to do with <emph type="italics"></emph>Hercules,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whil&#039;ſt he is en­

<lb></lb>raged, and amongſt the Furies, but when he is telling merry tales 

<lb></lb>amongſt the <emph type="italics"></emph>Meonion Damoſels.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ah, unheard of ſordidneſſe of 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg241"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſervile ſouls! to make themſelves willing ſlaves to other mens opi­

<lb></lb>nions; to receive them for inviolable Decrees, to engage them­

<lb></lb>ſelves to ſeem ſatisfied and convinced by arguments, of ſuch effi­

<lb></lb>cacy, and ſo manifeſtly concludent, that they themſelves can­

<lb></lb>not certainly reſolve whether they were really writ to that pur­

<lb></lb>poſe, or ſerve to prove that aſſumption in hand, or the contrary. 

<lb></lb></s><s>But, which is a greater madneſſe, they are at variance amongſt 

<lb></lb>themſelves, whether the Author himſelf hath held the affirmative 

<lb></lb>part, or the negative. </s><s>What is this, but to make an Oracle of a 

<lb></lb>Log, and to run to that for anſwers, to fear that, to reverence 

<lb></lb>and adore that?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg241"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſervile ſpi­

<lb></lb>rit of ſome of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ari­

<lb></lb>ſtotles <emph type="italics"></emph>followers.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>But in caſe we ſhould recede from <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who have 

<lb></lb>we to be our Guid in Philoſophy? </s><s>Name you ſome Author.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We need a Guid in unknown and uncouth wayes, but 

<lb></lb>in champion places, and open plains, the blind only ſtand in need 

<lb></lb>of a Leader; and for ſuch, it is better that they ſtay at home. 

<lb></lb></s><s>But he that hath eyes in his head, and in his mind, him ſhould 

<lb></lb>a man chooſe for his Guid. </s><s>Yet miſtake me not, thinking that I 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg242"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſpeak this, for that I am againſt hearing of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; for on the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/104.jpg" pagenum="96"></pb>contrary, I commend the reading, and diligently ſtudying of him; 

<lb></lb>and onely blame the ſervile giving ones ſelf up a ſlave unto him, 

<lb></lb>ſo, as blindly to ſubſcribe to what ever he delivers, and without 

<lb></lb>ſearch of any farther reaſon thereof, to receive the ſame for an in­

<lb></lb>violable decree. </s><s>Which is an abuſe, that carrieth with it ano­

<lb></lb>ther great inconvenience, to wit, that others will no longer take 

<lb></lb>pains to underſtand the validity of his Demonſtrations. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>what is more ſhameful, than in the middeſt of publique diſputes, 

<lb></lb>whileſt one perſon is treating of demonſtrable concluſions, to 

<lb></lb>hear aother interpoſe with a paſſage of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and not ſel­

<lb></lb>dome writ to quite another purpoſe, and with that to ſtop the 

<lb></lb>mouth of his opponent? </s><s>But if you will continue to ſtudy in this 

<lb></lb>manner, I would have you lay aſide the name of Philoſophers; 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg243"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>and call your ſelves either Hiſtorians or Doctors of Memory, for 

<lb></lb>it is not ſit, that thoſe who never philoſophate, ſhould uſurp 

<lb></lb>the honourable title of Philoſophers. </s><s>But it is beſt for us to re­

<lb></lb>turn to ſhore, and not lanch farther into a boundleſſe Gulph, out 

<lb></lb>of which we ſhall not be able to get before night. </s><s>Therefore 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> come either with arguments and demonſtrations of 

<lb></lb>your own, or of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and bring us no more Texts and na­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg244"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ked authorities, for our diſputes are about the Senſible World, 

<lb></lb>and not one of Paper. </s><s>And foraſmuch as in our diſcourſes yeſter­

<lb></lb>day, we retrein&#039;d the Earth from darkneſſe, and expoſed it to the 

<lb></lb>open skie, ſhewing, that the attempt to enumerate it amongſt 

<lb></lb>thoſe which we call Cœleſtial bodies, was not a poſition ſo foil&#039;d, 

<lb></lb>and vanquiſh&#039;t, as that it had no life left in it; it followeth next, 

<lb></lb>that we proceed to examine what probability there is for holding 

<lb></lb>of it fixt, and wholly immoveable, <emph type="italics"></emph>ſcilicet<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as to its entire Globe, 

<lb></lb>what likelyhood there is for making it moveable with ſome motion, 

<lb></lb>and of what kind that may be. </s><s>And foraſmuch as in this ſame 

<lb></lb>queſtion I am ambiguous, and <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is reſolute, as likewiſe 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for the opinion of its immobility, he ſhall one by one 

<lb></lb>produce the arguments in favour of their opinion, and I will al­

<lb></lb>ledge the anſwers and reaſons on the contrary part; and next <emph type="italics"></emph>Sa­

<lb></lb>gredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhall tell us his thoughts, and to which ſide he finds him­

<lb></lb>ſelf inclined.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg242"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Too cloſe adhe­

<lb></lb>ring to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>is 

<lb></lb>blameable.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg243"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is not juſt, that 

<lb></lb>thoſe who never 

<lb></lb>philoſophate, ſhould 

<lb></lb>uſurp the title of 

<lb></lb>Philoſophers.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg244"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Senſible 

<lb></lb>World.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Content; provided alwayes that I may reſerve the li­

<lb></lb>berty to my ſelf of alledging what pure natural reaſon ſhall ſome­

<lb></lb>times dictate to me.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Nay more, it is that which I particularly beg of you; 

<lb></lb>for, amongſt the more eaſie, and, to ſo ſpeak, material conſidera­

<lb></lb>tions, I believe there are but few of them that have been omit­

<lb></lb>ted by Writers, ſo that onely ſome of the more ſubtle, and re­

<lb></lb>mote can be deſired, or wanting; and to inveſtigate theſe, what 

<lb></lb>other ingenuity can be more ſit than that of the moſt acute and 

<lb></lb>piercing wit of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/105.jpg" pagenum="97"></pb><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am what ever pleaſeth <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but I pray you, 

<lb></lb>let us not ſally out into another kind of digreſſion complemental; 

<lb></lb>for at this time I am a Philoſopher, and in the Schools, not in the 

<lb></lb>Court.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Let our contemplation begin therefore with this conſi­

<lb></lb>deration, that whatſoever motion may be aſcribed to the Earth, 

<lb></lb>it is neceſſary that it be to us, (as inhabitants upon it, and conſe­

<lb></lb>quently partakers of the ſame) altogether imperceptible, and as if 

<lb></lb>it were not at all, ſo long as we have regard onely to terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>things; but yet it is on the contrary, as neceſſary that the ſame 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg245"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>motion do ſeem common to all other bodies, and viſible ob­

<lb></lb>jects, that being ſeparated from the Earth, participate not of the 

<lb></lb>ſame. </s><s>So that the true method to find whether any kind of motion 

<lb></lb>may be aſcribed to the Earth, and that found, to know what it 

<lb></lb>is, is to conſider and obſerve if in bodies ſeparated from the 

<lb></lb>Earth, one may diſcover any appearance of motion, which e­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg246"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>qually ſuiteth to all the reſt; for a motion that is onely ſeen, <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Moon,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and that hath nothing to do with <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>or any other Stars, cannot any way belong to the Earth, or to 

<lb></lb>any other ſave the Moon alone. </s><s>Now there is a moſt general and 

<lb></lb>grand motion above all others, and it is that by which the Sun, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg247"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the Moon, the other Planets, and the Fixed Stars, and in a word, 

<lb></lb>the whole Univerſe, the Earth onely excepted, appeareth in our 

<lb></lb>thinking to move from the Eaſt towards the Weſt, in the ſpace of 

<lb></lb>twenty four hours; and this, as to this firſt appearance, hath no 

<lb></lb>obſtacle to hinder it, that it may not belong to the Earth alone, 

<lb></lb>as well as to all the World beſides, the Earth excepted; for the 

<lb></lb>ſame aſpects will appear in the one poſition, as in the other. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Hence it is that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as having hit upon this con­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg248"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſideration, in going about to prove the Earth to be immoveable, 

<lb></lb>argue not againſt any other than this <emph type="italics"></emph>Diurnal<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Motion; ſave onely 

<lb></lb>that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hinteth ſomething in obſcure terms againſt another 

<lb></lb>Motion aſcribed to it by an <emph type="italics"></emph>Ancient,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of which we ſhall ſpeak in 

<lb></lb>its place.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg245"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motions of 

<lb></lb>the Earth are im­

<lb></lb>perceptible to its 

<lb></lb>inhabitants.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg246"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Earth can 

<lb></lb>have no other mo­

<lb></lb>tions, than thoſe 

<lb></lb>which to us appear 

<lb></lb>commune to all the 

<lb></lb>rest of the Vni­

<lb></lb>verſe, the Earth 

<lb></lb>excepted.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg247"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Diurnal Mo­

<lb></lb>tion, ſeemeth com­

<lb></lb>mune to all the V­

<lb></lb>niverſe, ſave onely 

<lb></lb>the Earth excepted.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg248"></margin.target>Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>and<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Ptolomy <emph type="italics"></emph>argue a­

<lb></lb>gainſt the Diur­

<lb></lb>nal Motion attri­

<lb></lb>buted to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I very well perceive the neceſſity of your illation: but 

<lb></lb>I meet with a doubt which I know not how to free my ſelf from, 

<lb></lb>and this it is, That <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> aſſigning to the Earth another mo­

<lb></lb>tion beſide the Diurnal, which, according to the rule even now laid 

<lb></lb>down, ought to be to us, as to appearance, imperceptible in the 

<lb></lb>Earth, but viſible in all the reſt of the World; me thinks I may 

<lb></lb>neceſſarily infer, either that he hath manifeſtly erred in aſſigning 

<lb></lb>the Earth a motion, to which there appears not a general corre­

<lb></lb>ſpondence in Heaven; or elſe that if there be ſuch a congruity 

<lb></lb>therein, <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> on the other hand hath been deficient in not con­

<lb></lb>futing this, as he hath done the other.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/106.jpg" pagenum="98"></pb><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You have good cauſe for your doubt: and when we 

<lb></lb>come to treat of the other Motion, you ſhall ſee how far <emph type="italics"></emph>Coper­

<lb></lb>nicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> excelled <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in clearneſs and ſublimity of wit, in that 

<lb></lb>he ſaw what the other did not, I mean the admirable harmony 

<lb></lb>wherein that Motion agreed with all the other Cœleſtial Bodies. 

<lb></lb></s><s>But for the preſent we will ſuſpend this particular, and return to 

<lb></lb>our firſt conſideration; touching which I will proceed to propoſe 

<lb></lb>(begining with things more general) thoſe reaſons which ſeem to 

<lb></lb>favour the mobility of the Earth, and then wait the anſwers which 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg249"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhall make thereto. </s><s>And firſt, if we conſider onely 

<lb></lb>the immenſe magnitude of the Starry Sphere, compared to the 

<lb></lb>ſmalneſs of the Terreſtrial Globe, contained therein ſo many mil­

<lb></lb>lions of times; and moreover weigh the velocity of the motion 

<lb></lb>which muſt in a day and night make an entire revolution thereof, 

<lb></lb>I cannot perſwade my ſelf, that there is any man who believes it 

<lb></lb>more reaſonable and credible, that the Cœleſtial Sphere turneth 

<lb></lb>round, and the Terreſtrial Globe ſtands ſtill.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg249"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Why the diurnal 

<lb></lb>motion more pro­

<lb></lb>bably ſhould belong 

<lb></lb>to the Earth, than 

<lb></lb>to the reſt of the 

<lb></lb>Vniverſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If from the univerſality of effects, which may in nature 

<lb></lb>have dependence upon ſuch like motions, there ſhould indifferent­

<lb></lb>ly follow all the ſame conſequences to an hair, aſwell in one <emph type="italics"></emph>Hypo­

<lb></lb>theſis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as in the other; yet I for my part, as to my firſt and general 

<lb></lb>apprehenſion, would eſteem, that he which ſhould hold it more ra­

<lb></lb>tional to make the whole Univerſe move, and thereby to ſalve the 

<lb></lb>Earths mobility, is more unreaſonable than he that being got to 

<lb></lb>the top of your Turret, ſhould deſire, to the end onely that he 

<lb></lb>might behold the City, and the Fields about it, that the whole 

<lb></lb>Country might turn round, that ſo he might not be put to the 

<lb></lb>trouble to ſtir his head. </s><s>And yet doubtleſs the advantages would 

<lb></lb>be many and great which the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican Hypotheſis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is attended 

<lb></lb>with, above thoſe of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomaique,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which in my opinion re­

<lb></lb>ſembleth, nay ſurpaſſeth that other folly; ſo that all this makes 

<lb></lb>me think that far more probable than this. </s><s>But haply <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle, 

<lb></lb>Ptolomey,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> may find the advantages of their Sy­

<lb></lb>ſteme, which they would do well to communicate to us alſo, if 

<lb></lb>any ſuch there be; or elſe declare to me, that there neither are or 

<lb></lb>can be any ſuch things.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>For my part, as I have not been able, as much as I have 

<lb></lb>thought upon it, to find any diverſity therein; ſo I think I have 

<lb></lb>found, that no ſuch diverſity can be in them: in ſo much that I 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg250"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>eſteem it to no purpoſe to ſeek farther after it. </s><s>Therefore ob­

<lb></lb>ſerve: Motion is ſo far Motion, and as Motion operateth, by how 

<lb></lb>far it hath relation to things which want Motion: but in thoſe 

<lb></lb>things which all equally partake thereof it hath nothing to do, and 

<lb></lb>is as if it never were. </s><s>And thus the Merchandiſes with which a 

<lb></lb>ſhip is laden, ſo far move, by how far leaving <emph type="italics"></emph>London,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> they paſs 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/107.jpg" pagenum="99"></pb>by <emph type="italics"></emph>France, Spain, Italy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and ſail to <emph type="italics"></emph>Aleppo,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which <emph type="italics"></emph>London, France, 

<lb></lb>Spain &amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſtand ſtill, not moving with the ſhip: but as to the 

<lb></lb>Cheſts, Bales and other Parcels, wherewith the ſhip is ſtow&#039;d and 

<lb></lb>and laden, and in reſpect of the ſhip it ſelf, the Motion from <emph type="italics"></emph>Lon­

<lb></lb>don<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to <emph type="italics"></emph>Syria<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is as much as nothing; and nothing-altereth the re­

<lb></lb>lation which is between them: and this, becauſe it is common to 

<lb></lb>all, and is participated by all alike: and of the Cargo which is in 

<lb></lb>the ſhip, if a Bale were romag&#039;d from a Cheſt but one inch onely, 

<lb></lb>this alone would be in that Cargo, a greater Motion in reſpect of 

<lb></lb>the Cheſt, than the whole Voyage of above three thouſand miles, 

<lb></lb>made by them as they were ſtived together.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg250"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Motion, as to the 

<lb></lb>things that equally 

<lb></lb>move thereby, is as 

<lb></lb>of it never were, &amp; 

<lb></lb>ſo far operates as it 

<lb></lb>hath relation to 

<lb></lb>things deprived of 

<lb></lb>motion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This Doctrine is good, ſound, and altogether <emph type="italics"></emph>Peri­

<lb></lb>patetick.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I hold it to be much more antient: and ſuſpect that <emph type="italics"></emph>A-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg251"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>riſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in receiving it from ſome good School, did not fully under­

<lb></lb>ſtand it, and that therefore, having delivered it with ſome altera­

<lb></lb>tion, it hath been an occaſion of confuſion amongſt thoſe, who 

<lb></lb>would defend whatever he ſaith. </s><s>And when he writ, that what­

<lb></lb>ſoever moveth, doth move upon ſomething immoveable, I ſuppoſe 

<lb></lb>that he equivocated, and meant, that whatever moveth, moveth 

<lb></lb>in reſpect to ſomething immoveable; which propoſition admitteth 

<lb></lb>no doubt, and the other many.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg251"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A propoſition ta­

<lb></lb>ken by<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſtotle 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>from the Antients, 

<lb></lb>but ſomewhat al­

<lb></lb>tered by him.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Pray you make no digreſſion, but proceed in the diſ­

<lb></lb>ſertation you began.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It being therefore manifeſt, that the motion which is 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg252"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>common to many moveables, is idle, and as it were, null as to the 

<lb></lb>relation of thoſe moveables between themſelves, becauſe that a­

<lb></lb>mong themſelves they have made no change: and that it is ope­

<lb></lb>rative onely in the relation that thoſe moveables have to other 

<lb></lb>things, which want that motion, among which the habitude is 

<lb></lb>changed: and we having divided the Univerſe into two parts, one 

<lb></lb>of which is neceſſarily moveable, and the other immoveable; for 

<lb></lb>the obtaining of whatſoever may depend upon, or be required 

<lb></lb>from ſuch a motion, it may as well be done by making the Earth 

<lb></lb>alone, as by making all the reſt of the World to move: for that 

<lb></lb>the operation of ſuch a motion conſiſts in nothing elſe, ſave in 

<lb></lb>the relation or habitude which is between the Cœleſtial Bodies, 

<lb></lb>and the Earth, the which relation is all that is changed. </s><s>Now if 

<lb></lb>for the obtaining of the ſame effect <emph type="italics"></emph>ad unguem,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it be all one whe­

<lb></lb>ther the Earth alone moveth, the reſt of the Univerſe ſtanding 

<lb></lb>ſtill; or that, the Earth onely ſtanding ſtill, the whole Univerſe 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg253"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>moveth with one and the ſame motion; who would believe, that 

<lb></lb>Nature (which by common conſent, doth not that by many things, 

<lb></lb>which may be done by few) hath choſen to make an innumerable 

<lb></lb>number of moſt vaſt bodies move, and that with an unconceivable 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/108.jpg" pagenum="100"></pb>velocity, to perform that, which might be done by the moderate 

<lb></lb>motion of one alone about its own Centre?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg252"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The firſt diſcourſe 

<lb></lb>to prove that the 

<lb></lb>diurnal motion be­

<lb></lb>longs to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg253"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Nature never 

<lb></lb>doth that by many 

<lb></lb>things, which may 

<lb></lb>be done by a few.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I do not well underſtand, how this grand motion ſig­

<lb></lb>niſieth nothing as to the Sun, as to the Moon, as to the other Pla­

<lb></lb>nets, and as to the innumerable multitude of fixed ſtars: or why 

<lb></lb>you ſhould ſay that it is to no purpoſe for the Sun to paſs from one 

<lb></lb>Meridian to another; to riſe above this Horizon, to ſet beneath 

<lb></lb>that other; to make it one while day, another while night: the 

<lb></lb>like variations are made by the Moon, the other Planets, and the 

<lb></lb>fixed ſtars themſelves.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>All theſe alterations inſtanced by you, are nothing, ſave 

<lb></lb>onely in relation to the Earth: and that this is true, do but i­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg254"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>magine the Earth to move, and there will be no ſuch thing in the 

<lb></lb>World as the riſing or ſetting of the Sun or Moon, nor Horizons, 

<lb></lb>nor Meridians, nor days, nor nights; nor, in a word, will ſuch a 

<lb></lb>motion cauſe any mutation between the Moon and Sun, or any 

<lb></lb>other ſtar whatſoever, whether fixed or erratick; but all theſe 

<lb></lb>changes have relation to the Earth: which all do yet in ſum 

<lb></lb>import no other than as if the Sun ſhould ſhew it ſelf now to 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>China,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> anon to <emph type="italics"></emph>Perſia,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> then to <emph type="italics"></emph>Egypt, Greece, France, Spain, A­

<lb></lb>merica, &amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the like holdeth in the Moon, and the reſt of the 

<lb></lb>Cœleſtial Bodies: which ſelf ſame effect falls out exactly in the 

<lb></lb>ſame manner, if, without troubling ſo great a part of the Univerſe, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg255"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the Terreſtrial Globe be made to revolve in it ſelf. </s><s>But we will 

<lb></lb>augment the difficulty by the addition of this other, which is a 

<lb></lb>very great one, namely, that if you will aſcribe this <emph type="italics"></emph>Great<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Motion to 

<lb></lb>Heaven, you muſt of neceſſity make it contrary to the particular 

<lb></lb>motion of all the Orbs of the Planets, each of which without 

<lb></lb>controverſie hath its peculiar motion from the Weſt towards the 

<lb></lb>Eaſt, and this but very eaſie and moderate: and then you make 

<lb></lb>them to be hurried to the contrary part, <emph type="italics"></emph>i. </s><s>e.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from Eaſt to Weſt, 

<lb></lb>by this moſt furious diurnal motion: whereas, on the contrary, 

<lb></lb>making the Earth to move in it ſelf, the contrariety of motions is 

<lb></lb>taken away, and the onely motion from Weſt to Eaſt is accom­

<lb></lb>modated to all appearances, and exactly ſatisfieth every <emph type="italics"></emph>Phœno­

<lb></lb>menon.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg254"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The diurnal mo­

<lb></lb>tion cauſeth no 

<lb></lb>mutation amongſt 

<lb></lb>the Cœleſtial Bo­

<lb></lb>dies, but all chan­

<lb></lb>ges have relation 

<lb></lb>to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg255"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A ſccond con­

<lb></lb>firmation that the 

<lb></lb>diurnal motion be­

<lb></lb>longs to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>As to the contrariety of Motions it would import lit­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg256"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>tle, for <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> demonſtrateth, that circular motions, are not con­

<lb></lb>trary to one another; and that theirs cannot be truly called con­

<lb></lb>trariety.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg256"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Circular moti­

<lb></lb>ons are not contra­

<lb></lb>ry, according to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Ariſtotle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Doth <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> demonſtrate this, or doth he not rather 

<lb></lb>barely affirm it, as ſerving to ſome certain deſign of his? </s><s>If con­

<lb></lb>traries be thoſe things, that deſtroy one another, as he himſelf 

<lb></lb>affirmeth, I do not ſee how two moveables that encounter each 

<lb></lb>other in a circular line, ſhould leſſe prejudice one another, than if 

<lb></lb>they interfered in a right line.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/109.jpg" pagenum="101"></pb><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Hold a little, I pray you. </s><s>Tell me <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> when 

<lb></lb>two Knights encounter each other, tilting in open field, or when 

<lb></lb>two whole Squadrons, or two Fleets at Sea, make up to grapple, 

<lb></lb>and are broken and ſunk, do you call theſe encounters contrary to 

<lb></lb>one another?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. Yes, we ſay they are contrary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>How then, is there no contrariety in circular motions. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Theſe motions, being made upon the ſuperſicies of the Earth or 

<lb></lb>Water, which are, as you know, ſpherical, come to be circular. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Can you tell, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which thoſe circular motions be, that 

<lb></lb>are not contrary to each other? </s><s>They are (if I miſtake not) thoſe 

<lb></lb>of two circles, which touching one another without, one thereof 

<lb></lb>being turn&#039;d round, naturally maketh the other move the contra­

<lb></lb>ry ^{*} way; but if one of them ſhall be within the other, it is im­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg257"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>poſſible that their motion being made towards different points, 

<lb></lb>they ſhould not juſtle one another.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg257"></margin.target>As you ſee in a 

<lb></lb>Mill, wherein the 

<lb></lb>implicated cogs ſet 

<lb></lb>the wheels on mo­

<lb></lb>ving.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But be they contrary, or not contrary, theſe are but 

<lb></lb>alterations of words; and I know, that upon the matter, it would 

<lb></lb>be far more proper and agreeable with Nature, if we could ſalve 

<lb></lb>all with one motion onely, than to introduce two that are (if you 

<lb></lb>will not call them contrary) oppoſite; yet do I not cenſure this 

<lb></lb>introduction (of contrary motions) as impoſſible; nor pretend I 

<lb></lb>from the denial thereof, to inferre a neceſſary Demonſtration, 

<lb></lb>but onely a greater probability, of the other. </s><s>A third reaſon 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg258"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>which maketh the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomaique Hypotheſis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> leſſe probable is, that it 

<lb></lb>moſt unreaſonably confoundeth the order, which we aſſuredly 

<lb></lb>ſee to be amongſt thoſe Cœleſtial Bodies, the circumgyration of 

<lb></lb>which is not queſtionable, but moſt certain. </s><s>And that Order is, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg259"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that according as an Orb is greater, it finiſheth its revolution in a 

<lb></lb>longer time, and the leſſer, in ſhorter. </s><s>And thus <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> deſcri­

<lb></lb>bing a greater Circle than all the other Planets, compleateth the 

<lb></lb>ſame in thirty yeares: <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> finiſheth his; that is leſſe, in 

<lb></lb>twelve years: <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in two: The Moon runneth thorow hers, ſo 

<lb></lb>much leſſe than the reſt, in a Moneth onely. </s><s>Nor do we leſſe 

<lb></lb>ſenſibly ſee that of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Medicean Stars,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which is neareſt to <emph type="italics"></emph>Ju-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg260"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>piter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to make its revolution in a very ſhort time, that is, in four 

<lb></lb>and forty hours, or thereabouts, the next to that in three dayes and 

<lb></lb>an half, the third in ſeven dayes, and the moſt remote in ſixteen. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And this rate holdeth well enough, nor will it at all alter, whileſt 

<lb></lb>we aſſign the motion of 24 hours to the Terreſtrial Globe, for it 

<lb></lb>to move round its own center in that time; but if you would have 

<lb></lb>the Earth immoveable, it is neceſſary, that when you have paſt 

<lb></lb>from the ſhort period of the Moon, to the others ſucceſſively 

<lb></lb>bigger, until you come to that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in two years, and from 

<lb></lb>thence to that of the bigger Sphere of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in twelve years, and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/110.jpg" pagenum="102"></pb>from this to the other yet bigger of <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whoſe period is of 

<lb></lb>thirty years, it is neceſſary, I ſay, that you paſſe to another 

<lb></lb>Sphere incomparably greater ſtill than that, and make this to ac­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg261"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>compliſh an entire revolution in twenty four hours. </s><s>And this yet is 

<lb></lb>the leaſt diſorder that can follow. </s><s>For if any one ſhould paſſe 

<lb></lb>from the Sphere of <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to the Starry Orb, and make it ſo 

<lb></lb>much bigger than that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as proportion would require, in 

<lb></lb>reſpect of its very ſlow motion, of many thouſands of years, then 

<lb></lb>it muſt needs be a <emph type="italics"></emph>Salt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> much more abſurd, to skip from this to 

<lb></lb>another bigger, and to make it convertible in twenty four hours. 

<lb></lb></s><s>But the motion of the Earth being granted, the order of the pe­

<lb></lb>riods will be exactly obſerved, and from the very ſlow Sphere of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> we come to the fixed Stars, which are wholly immovea­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg262"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ble, and ſo avoid a fourth difficulty, which we muſt of neceſſity ad­

<lb></lb>mit, if the Starry Sphere be ſuppoſed moveable, and that is the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg263"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>immenſe diſparity between the motions of thoſe ſtars themſelves; 

<lb></lb>of which ſome would come to move moſt ſwiftly in moſt vaſt cir­

<lb></lb>cles, others moſt ſlowly in circles very ſmall, according as thoſe 

<lb></lb>or theſe ſhould be found nearer, or more remote from the Poles; 

<lb></lb>which ſtill is accompanied with an inconvenience, as well becauſe 

<lb></lb>we ſee thoſe, of whoſe motion there is no queſtion to be made, 

<lb></lb>to move all in very immenſe circles; as alſo, becauſe it ſeems to 

<lb></lb>be an act done with no good conſideration, to conſtitute bodies, 

<lb></lb>that are deſigned to move circularly, at immenſe diſtances from 

<lb></lb>the centre, and afterwards to make them move in very ſmall cir­

<lb></lb>cles. </s><s>And not onely the magnitudes of the circles, and conſe­

<lb></lb>quently the velocity of the motions of theſe Stars, ſhall be moſt 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg264"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>different from the circles and motions of thoſe others, but 

<lb></lb>(which ſhall be the fifth inconvenience) the ſelf-ſame Stars 

<lb></lb>ſhall ſucceſſively vary its circles and velocities: For that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg265"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>thoſe, which two thouſand years ſince were in the Equinoctial, 

<lb></lb>and conſequently did with their motion deſcribe very vaſt cir­

<lb></lb>cles, being in our dayes many degrees diſtant from thence, muſt 

<lb></lb>of neceſſity become more ſlow of motion, and be reduced to 

<lb></lb>move in leſſer circles, and it is not altogether impoſſible but that 

<lb></lb>a time may come, in which ſome of them which in aforetime had 

<lb></lb>continually moved, ſhall be reduced by uniting with the Pole, to 

<lb></lb>a ſtate of reſt, and then after ſome time of ceſſation, ſhall return 

<lb></lb>to their motion again; whereas the other Stars, touching whoſe 

<lb></lb>motion none ſtand in doubt, do all deſcribe, as hath been ſaid, 

<lb></lb>the great circle of their Orb, and in that maintain themſelves 

<lb></lb>without any variation. </s><s>The abſurdity is farther enlarged (which 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg266"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>let be the ſixth inconvenience) to him that more ſeriouſly exami­

<lb></lb>neth the thing, in that no thought can comprehend what ought to 

<lb></lb>be the ſolidity of that immenſe Sphere, whoſe depth ſo ſtedfaſtly 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/111.jpg" pagenum="103"></pb>holdeth faſt ſuch a multitude of Stars, which without ever chang­

<lb></lb>ing fite among themſelves, are with ſo much concord carried a­

<lb></lb>bout, with ſo great diſparity of motions. </s><s>Or elſe, ſuppoſing the 

<lb></lb>Heavens to be fluid, as we are with more reaſon to believe, ſo 

<lb></lb>as that every Star wandereth to and fro in it, by wayes of its 

<lb></lb>own, what rules ſhall regulate their motions, and to what pur­

<lb></lb>poſe, ſo, as that being beheld from the Earth, they appear as if 

<lb></lb>they were made by one onely Sphere? </s><s>It is my opinion, that they 

<lb></lb>might ſo much more eaſily do that, and in a more commodious 

<lb></lb>manner, by being conſtituted immoveable, than by being made 

<lb></lb>errant, by how much more facile it is to number the quarries in the 

<lb></lb>Pavement of a <emph type="italics"></emph>Piazza,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> than the rout of boyes which run up and 

<lb></lb>down upon them. </s><s>And laſtly, which is the ſeventh inſtance, if 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg267"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>we atribute the Diurnal Motion to the higheſt Heaven, it muſt be 

<lb></lb>conſtituted of ſuch a force and efficacy, as to carry along with 

<lb></lb>it the innumerable multitude of fixed Stars, Bodies all of vaſt 

<lb></lb>magnitude, and far bigger than the Earth; and moreover all the 

<lb></lb>Spheres of the Planets; notwithſtanding that both theſe and thoſe 

<lb></lb>of their own nature move the contrary way. </s><s>And beſides all this, 

<lb></lb>it muſt be granted, that alſo the Element of Fire, and the great­

<lb></lb>er part of the Air, are likewiſe forcibly hurried along with the 

<lb></lb>reſt, and that the ſole little Globe of the Earth pertinaciouſly 

<lb></lb>ſtands ſtill, and unmoved againſt ſuch an impulſe; a thing, which 

<lb></lb>in my thinking, is very difficult; nor can I ſee how the Earth, a 

<lb></lb>pendent body, and equilibrated upon its centre, expoſed indif­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg268"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ferently to either motion or reſt, and environed with a liquid <emph type="italics"></emph>am­

<lb></lb>bient,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhould not yield alſo as the reſt, and be carried about. 

<lb></lb></s><s>But we find none of theſe obſtacles in making the Earth to move; 

<lb></lb>a ſmall body, and inſenſible, compared to the Univerſe, and 

<lb></lb>therefore unable to offer it any violence.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg258"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A third confir­

<lb></lb>mation of the ſame 

<lb></lb>Doctrine.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg259"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The greater Orbs 

<lb></lb>make their conver­

<lb></lb>ſions in greater 

<lb></lb>times.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg260"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The times of the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Medicean <emph type="italics"></emph>Planets 

<lb></lb>converſions.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg261"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motion of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>24 <emph type="italics"></emph>hours aſcribed 

<lb></lb>to the higheſt 

<lb></lb>Sphere diſorders 

<lb></lb>the period of the 

<lb></lb>inferiour.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg262"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The fourth Con­

<lb></lb>firmation.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg263"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Great diſparity 

<lb></lb>amongſt the moti­

<lb></lb>ons of the particu­

<lb></lb>lar fixed ſtars, if 

<lb></lb>their Sphere be 

<lb></lb>moveable.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg264"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The fifth Con­

<lb></lb>firmation.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg265"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motions of 

<lb></lb>the fixed ſtars 

<lb></lb>would accelerate 

<lb></lb>and grow ſlow in 

<lb></lb>divers times, if the 

<lb></lb>ſtarry Sphere were 

<lb></lb>moueable.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg266"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſixth Con­

<lb></lb>firmatiox.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg267"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Seventh Con­

<lb></lb>firmation.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg268"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Earth a 

<lb></lb>pendent Body, and 

<lb></lb>equilibrated in a 

<lb></lb>fluid<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Medium 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſeems unable to 

<lb></lb>reſiſt the rapture 

<lb></lb>of the Diurnal 

<lb></lb>Motion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I find my fancy diſturbed with certain conjectures ſo con­

<lb></lb>fuſedly ſprung from your later diſcourſes; that, if I would be ena­

<lb></lb>bled to apply my ſelf with atention to what followeth, I muſt of ne­

<lb></lb>ceſſity attempt whether I can better methodize them, and gather 

<lb></lb>thence their true conſtruction, if haply any can be made of them; 

<lb></lb>and peradventure, the proceeding by interrogations may help me 

<lb></lb>the more eaſily to expreſſe my ſelf. </s><s>Therefore I demand firſt of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sim­

<lb></lb>plicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whether he believeth, that divers motions may natural­

<lb></lb>ly agree to one and the ſame moveable body, or elſe that it be 

<lb></lb>requiſite its natural and proper motion be onely one.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>To one ſingle moveable, there can naturally agree 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg269"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>but one ſole motion, and no more; the reſt all happen acciden­

<lb></lb>tally and by participation; like as to him that walketh upon the 

<lb></lb>Deck of a Ship, his proper motion is that of his walk, his motion 

<lb></lb>by participation that which carrieth him to his Port, whither he 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/112.jpg" pagenum="104"></pb>would never with his walking have arrived, if the Ship with its 

<lb></lb>motion had not wafted him thither.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg269"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A ſingle move­

<lb></lb>able hath but onely 

<lb></lb>one natural moti­

<lb></lb>on, and all the 

<lb></lb>reſt are by partici­

<lb></lb>pation.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Tell me ſecondly. </s><s>That motion, which is communi­

<lb></lb>cated to any moveable by participation, whileſt it moveth by it 

<lb></lb>ſelf, with another motion different from the participated, is it 

<lb></lb>neceſſary, that it do reſide in ſome certain ſubject by it ſelf, or 

<lb></lb>elſe can it ſubſiſt in nature alone, without other ſupport.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> giveth you an anſwer to all theſe queſtions, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg270"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>and tels you, that as of one ſole moveable the motion is but one; 

<lb></lb>ſo of one ſole motion the moveable is but one; and conſequent­

<lb></lb>ly, that without the inherence in its ſubject, no motion can ei­

<lb></lb>ther ſubſiſt, or be imagined.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg270"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Motion cannot 

<lb></lb>be made without 

<lb></lb>its moveable ſub­

<lb></lb>ject.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I would have you tell me in the third place, whether 

<lb></lb>you beblieve that the Moon and the other Planets and Cœleſtial 

<lb></lb>bodies, have their proper motions, and what they are.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>They have ſo, and they be thoſe according to which 

<lb></lb>they run through the Zodiack, the Moon in a Moneth, the Sun 

<lb></lb>in a Year, <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in two, the Starry Sphere in thoſe ſo many thou­

<lb></lb>ſand. </s><s>And theſe are their proper, or natural motions.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But that motion wherewith I ſee the fixed Stars, and 

<lb></lb>with them all the Planets go unitedly from Eaſt to Weſt, and re­

<lb></lb>turn round to the Eaſt again in twenty four hours, how doth it 

<lb></lb>agree with them?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It ſuiteth with them by participation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This then reſides not in them, and not reſiding in 

<lb></lb>them, nor being able to ſubſiſt without ſome ſubject in which it 

<lb></lb>is reſident, it muſt of force be the proper and natural motion of 

<lb></lb>ſome other Sphere.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>For this purpoſe Aſtronomers, and Philoſophers have 

<lb></lb>found another high Sphere, above all the reſt, without Stars, to 

<lb></lb>which Natural agreeth the Diurnal Motion; and this they call 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Primum mobile<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; the which carrieth along with it all the in­

<lb></lb>feriour Spheres, contributing and imparting its motion to 

<lb></lb>them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But when, without introducing other Spheres unknown 

<lb></lb>and hugely vaſt, without other motions or communicated raptures, 

<lb></lb>with leaving to each Sphere its ſole and ſimple motion, without 

<lb></lb>intermixing contrary motions, but making all turn one way, as 

<lb></lb>it is neceſſary that they do, depending all upon one ſole principle, 

<lb></lb>all things proceed orderly, and correſpond with moſt perfect har­

<lb></lb>mony, why do we reject this <emph type="italics"></emph>Phœnomenon,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and give our aſſent to 

<lb></lb>thoſe prodigious and laborious conditions?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>The difficulty lyeth in finding out this ſo natural and 

<lb></lb>expeditious way.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/113.jpg" pagenum="105"></pb><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>In my judgment this is found. </s><s>Make the Earth the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Primum mobile,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that is, make it turn round its own <emph type="italics"></emph>axis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in twenty 

<lb></lb>four hours, and towards the ſame point with all the other Spheres; 

<lb></lb>and without participating this ſame motion to any other Planet or 

<lb></lb>Star, all ſhall have their riſings, ſettings, and in a word, all their 

<lb></lb>other appearances.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>The buſineſs is, to be able to make the Earth move 

<lb></lb>without athouſand inconveniences.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>All the inconveniences ſhall be removed as faſt as you 

<lb></lb>propound them: and the things ſpoken hitherto are onely the 

<lb></lb>primary and more general inducements which give us to believe 

<lb></lb>that the diurnal converſion may not altogether without probabi­

<lb></lb>lity be applyed to the Earth, rather than to all the reſt of the U­

<lb></lb>niverſe: the which inducements I impoſe not upon you as invio­

<lb></lb>lable Axioms, but as hints, which carry with them ſomewhat of 

<lb></lb>likelihood. </s><s>And in regard I know very well, that one ſole ex­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg271"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>periment, or concludent demonſtration, produced on the contrary 

<lb></lb>part, ſufficeth to batter to the ground theſe and a thouſand other 

<lb></lb>probable Arguments; therefore it is not fit to ſtay here, but proceed 

<lb></lb>forwards and hear what <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> anſwereth, and what greater 

<lb></lb>probabilities, or ſtronger arguments he alledgeth on the contrary.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg271"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>One ſingle ex­

<lb></lb>periment, or ſound 

<lb></lb>demonſtration bat­

<lb></lb>tereth down all ar­

<lb></lb>guments meerly 

<lb></lb>probable.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I will firſt ſay ſomething in general upon all theſe con­

<lb></lb>ſiderations together, and then I will deſcend to ſome particulars. 

<lb></lb></s><s>It ſeems that you univerſally bottom all you ſay upon the greater 

<lb></lb>ſimplicity and facility of producing the ſame effects, whilſt you 

<lb></lb>hold, that as to the cauſing of them, the motion of the Earth a­

<lb></lb>lone, ſerveth <emph type="italics"></emph>as well<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as that of all the reſt of the World, the Earth 

<lb></lb>deducted: but as to the operations, you eſteem that much eaſier 

<lb></lb>than this. </s><s>To which I reply, that I am alſo of the ſame opinion, 

<lb></lb>ſo long as I regard my own not onely finite, but feeble power; 

<lb></lb>but having a reſpect to the ſtrength of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Mover,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which is in­

<lb></lb>finite, its no leſſe eaſie to move the Univerſe, than the Earth, 

<lb></lb>yea than a ſtraw. </s><s>And if his power be infinite, why ſhould he not 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg272"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>rather exerciſe a greater part thereof than a leſſe? </s><s>Therefore, 

<lb></lb>I hold that your diſcourſe in general is not convincing.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg272"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Of an infinite 

<lb></lb>power one would 

<lb></lb>think a greater 

<lb></lb>part ſhould rather 

<lb></lb>be imploy&#039;d than a 

<lb></lb>leſſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If I had at any time ſaid, that the Univerſe moved not 

<lb></lb>for want of power in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Mover,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I ſhould have erred, and your 

<lb></lb>reproof would have been ſeaſonable; and I grant you, that to 

<lb></lb>an infinite power, it is as eaſie to move an hundred thouſand, as 

<lb></lb>one. </s><s>But that which I did ſay, concerns not the Mover, but one­

<lb></lb>ly hath reſpect to the Moveables; and in them, not onely to 

<lb></lb>their reſiſtance, which doubtleſſe is leſſer in the Earth, than in 

<lb></lb>the Univerſe; but to the many other particulars, but even now 

<lb></lb>conſidered. </s><s>As to what you ſay in the next place, that of an in­

<lb></lb>finite power it is better to exerciſe a great part than a ſmall: I an­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/114.jpg" pagenum="106"></pb>ſwer, that of infinite one part is not greater than another, ſince 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg273"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>both are infinite; nor can it be ſaid, that of the infinite number, 

<lb></lb>an hundred thouſand is a greater part than two, though that be 

<lb></lb>fifty thouſand times greater than this; and if to the moving of 

<lb></lb>the Univerſe there be required a finite power, though very great 

<lb></lb>in compariſon of that which ſufficeth to move the Earth onely; 

<lb></lb>yet is there not implied therein a greater part of the infinite power, 

<lb></lb>nor is that part leſſe infinite which remaineth unimploy&#039;d. </s><s>So that 

<lb></lb>to apply unto a particular effect, a little more, or a little leſſe 

<lb></lb>power, importeth nothing; beſides that the operation of ſuch 

<lb></lb>vertue, hath not for its bound or end the Diurnal Motion onely; 

<lb></lb>but there are ſeveral other motions in the World, which we 

<lb></lb>know of, and many others there may be, that are to us unknown. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Therefore if we reſpect the Moveables, and granting it as out of 

<lb></lb>queſtion, that it is a ſhorter and eaſier way to move the Earth, 

<lb></lb>than the Univerſe; and moreover, having an eye to the ſo many 

<lb></lb>other abreviations, and facilities that onely this way are to be ob­

<lb></lb>tained, an infallible Maxime of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which he teacheth us, 

<lb></lb>that, <emph type="italics"></emph>fruſtra fit per plura, quod poteſt fieri per pauciora,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ren­

<lb></lb>dereth it more probable that the Diurnal Motion belongs to the 

<lb></lb>Earth alone, than to the Univerſe, the Earth ſubducted.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg273"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Of infinity one 

<lb></lb>part is no bigger 

<lb></lb>than auother, al­

<lb></lb>though they are 

<lb></lb>comparatively un­

<lb></lb>equal.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>In reciting that Axiom, you have omitted a ſmall 

<lb></lb>clauſe, which importeth as much as all the reſt, eſpecially in our 

<lb></lb>caſe, that is to ſay, the words <emph type="italics"></emph>æquè bene.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> It is requiſite therefore 

<lb></lb>to examine whether this <emph type="italics"></emph>Hypotheſis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> doth <emph type="italics"></emph>equally well<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſatisfie in all 

<lb></lb>particulars, as the other.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The knowledg whether both theſe poſitions do <emph type="italics"></emph>æquè 

<lb></lb>bene,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſatisfie, may be comprehended from the particular exami­

<lb></lb>nation of the appearances which they are to ſatisfie; for hitherto 

<lb></lb>we have diſcourſed, and will continue to argue <emph type="italics"></emph>ex hypotheſi,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>namely, ſuppoſing, that as to the ſatisfaction of the appearances, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg274"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>both the aſſumptions are equally accomodated. </s><s>As to the clauſe 

<lb></lb>which you ſay was omitted by me, I have more reaſon to ſuſpect 

<lb></lb>that it was ſuperfluouſly inſerted by you. </s><s>For the expreſſion <emph type="italics"></emph>æquè 

<lb></lb>bene,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is a relative that neceſſarily requireth two terms at leaſt, 

<lb></lb>for a thing cannot have relation to its ſelf, nor do we ſay, <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>reſt to be <emph type="italics"></emph>equally good,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as reſt. </s><s>And becauſe, when we ſay, <emph type="italics"></emph>that 

<lb></lb>is done in vain by many means, which may be done with fewer,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>we mean, that that which is to be done, ought to be the ſame 

<lb></lb>thing, not two different ones; and becauſe the ſame thing can­

<lb></lb>not be ſaid to be done as well as its ſelf; therefore, the addition 

<lb></lb>of the Phraſe <emph type="italics"></emph>æquè bene<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is ſuperfluous, and a relation, that hath 

<lb></lb>but one term onely.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg274"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>In the Axiome<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Fruſtra fit per plu­

<lb></lb>ra, &amp;c. <emph type="italics"></emph>the addi­

<lb></lb>tion of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> æque benè, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>is ſuperfluous.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Unleſſe you will have the ſame befal us, as did yeſter­

<lb></lb>day, let us return to our matter in hand; and let <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> be­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/115.jpg" pagenum="107"></pb>gin to produce thoſe difficulties that ſeem in his opinion, to thwart 

<lb></lb>this new diſpoſition of the World.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>That diſpoſition is not new, but very old, and that 

<lb></lb>you may ſee it is ſo, <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> confuteth it; and his confutations 

<lb></lb>are theſe: “Firſt if the Earth moveth either in it felf about its 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg275"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>own Centre, or in an Excentrick Circle, it is neceſſary that that 

<lb></lb>ſame motion be violent; for it is not its natural motion, for 

<lb></lb>if it were, each of its parts would partake thereof; but each 

<lb></lb>of them moveth in a right line towards its Centre. </s><s>It being 

<lb></lb>therefore violent and pteternatural, it could never be perpetu­

<lb></lb>al: But the order of the World is perpetual. </s><s>Therefore, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Secondly, all the other moveables that move circularly, ſeem 

<lb></lb>to ^{*} ſtay behind, and to move with more than one motion, the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg276"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Primum Mobile<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> excepted: Whence it would be neceſſary that 

<lb></lb>the Earth alſo do move with two motions; and if that ſhould 

<lb></lb>be ſo, it would inevitably follow, that mutations ſhould be 

<lb></lb>made in the Fixed Stars, the which none do perceive; nay 

<lb></lb>without any variation, the ſame Stars alwayes riſe from towards 

<lb></lb>the ſame places, and in the ſame places do ſet. </s><s>Thirdly, the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the parts is the ſame with that of the whole, and natural­

<lb></lb>ly tendeth towards the Centre of the Univerſe; and for the ſame 

<lb></lb>cauſe reſt, being arrived thither. </s><s>He thereupon moves the que­

<lb></lb>ſtion whether the motion of the parts hath a tendency to the 

<lb></lb>centre of the Univerſe, or to the centre of the Earth; and conclu­

<lb></lb>deth that it goeth by proper inſtinct to the centre of the Univerſe, 

<lb></lb>and <emph type="italics"></emph>per accidence<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to that of the Earth; of which point we largely 

<lb></lb>diſcourſed yeſterday. </s><s>He laſtly confirmeth the ſame with a fourth 

<lb></lb>argument taken from the experiment of grave bodies, which fal­

<lb></lb>ing from on high, deſcend perpendicularly unto the Earthsſurface; 

<lb></lb>and in the ſame manner <emph type="italics"></emph>Projections<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhot perpendicularly upwards, 

<lb></lb>do by the ſame lines return perpendicularly down again, though 

<lb></lb>they were ſhot to a very great height. </s><s>All which arguments neceſ­

<lb></lb>ſarily prove their motion to be towards the Centre of the Earth, 

<lb></lb>which without moving at all waits for, and receiveth them. </s><s>He 

<lb></lb>intimateth in the laſt place that the Aſtronomers alledg other 

<lb></lb>reaſons in confirmation of the ſame concluſions, I mean of the 

<lb></lb>Earths being in the Centre of the Univerſe, and immoveable; 

<lb></lb>and inſtanceth onely in one of them, to wit, that all the <emph type="italics"></emph>Phæ­

<lb></lb>nomena<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or appearances that are ſeen in the motions of the Stars, 

<lb></lb>perfectly agree with the poſition of the Earth in the Centre; 

<lb></lb>which would not be ſo, were the Earth ſeated otherwiſe. 

<lb></lb></s><s>The reſt produced by <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the other Aſtronomers, I can 

<lb></lb>give you now if you pleaſe, or after you have ſpoken what you 

<lb></lb>have to ſay in anſwer to theſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle.”<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg275"></margin.target>Ariſtotles <emph type="italics"></emph>Ar­

<lb></lb>guments for the 

<lb></lb>Earths quieſſence.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg276"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"></emph>Reſtino indietzo,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>which is meant 

<lb></lb>here of that moti­

<lb></lb>on which a bowl 

<lb></lb>makes when its 

<lb></lb>born by its by as to 

<lb></lb>one ſide or other, 

<lb></lb>and ſo hindered in 

<lb></lb>its direct motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The arguments which are brought upon this occaſion 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/116.jpg" pagenum="108"></pb>are of two kinds: ſome have reſpect to the accidents Terreſtrial, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg277"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>without any relation to the Stars, and others are taken from the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Phænomena<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and obſervations of things Cœleſtial. </s><s>The arguments 

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are for the moſt part taken from things neer at hand, 

<lb></lb>and he leaveth the others to <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomers<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and therefore it is the 

<lb></lb>beſt way, if you like of it, to examine theſe taken from experi­

<lb></lb>ments touching the Earth, and then proceed to thoſe of the other 

<lb></lb>kind. </s><s>And becauſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy, Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the other <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomers<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg278"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>and <emph type="italics"></emph>Philoſophers,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> beſides the arguments of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by them aſſu­

<lb></lb>med, confirmed, and made good, do produce certain others; we 

<lb></lb>will put them all together, that ſo we may not anſwer twice to 

<lb></lb>the ſame, or the like objections. </s><s>Therefore <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> chooſe 

<lb></lb>whether you will recite them your ſelf, or cauſe me to eaſe you of 

<lb></lb>this task, for I am ready to ſerve you.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg277"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Two kindes of 

<lb></lb>Arguments tou­

<lb></lb>ching the Earths 

<lb></lb>motion or rest.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg278"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Arguments of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Ptolomy <emph type="italics"></emph>and<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ty­

<lb></lb>cho, <emph type="italics"></emph>and other per­

<lb></lb>ſons, over and a­

<lb></lb>bove thoſe of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ari­

<lb></lb>ſtotle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It is better that you quote them, becauſe, as having 

<lb></lb>taken more pains in the ſtudy of them, you can produce them with 

<lb></lb>more readineſſe, and in greater number.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg279"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg279"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The firſt argu­

<lb></lb>ment taken from 

<lb></lb>grave bodies fal­

<lb></lb>ling from on high 

<lb></lb>to the ground.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. All, for the ſtrongeſt reaſon, alledge that of grave bo­

<lb></lb>dies, which falling downwards from on high, move by a right line, 

<lb></lb>that is perpendicular to the ſurface of the Earth, an argument 

<lb></lb>which is held undeniably to prove that the Earth is immoveable: 

<lb></lb>for in caſe it ſhould have the diurnal motion, a Tower, from the 

<lb></lb>top of which a ſtone is let fall, being carried along by the conver­

<lb></lb>ſion of the Earth, in the time that the ſtone ſpends in falling, would 

<lb></lb>be tranſported many hundred yards Eaſtward, and ſo far diſtant 

<lb></lb>from the Towers foot would the ſtone come to ground. </s><s>The 

<lb></lb>which effect they back with another experiment; to wit, by let­</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg280"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ting a bullet of lead fall from the round top of a Ship, that lieth at 

<lb></lb>anchor, and obſerving the mark it makes where it lights, which they 

<lb></lb>find to be neer the ^{*} partners of the Maſt; but if the ſame bullet 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg281"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>be let fall from the ſame place when the ſhip is under ſail, it ſhall 

<lb></lb>light as far from the former place, as the ſhip hath run in the time 

<lb></lb>of the leads deſcent; and this for no other reaſon, than becauſe 

<lb></lb>the natural motion of the ball being at liberty is by a right line to­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg282"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>wards the centre of the Earth. </s><s>They fortiſie this argument with 

<lb></lb>the experiment of a projection ſhot on high at a very great di­

<lb></lb>ſtance; as for example, a ball ſent out of a Cannon, erected per­

<lb></lb>pendicular to the horizon, the which ſpendeth ſo much time in aſ­

<lb></lb>cending and falling, that in our parallel the Cannon and we both 

<lb></lb>ſhould be carried by the Earth many miles towards the Eaſt, ſo 

<lb></lb>that the ball in its return could never come neer the Peece, but 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg283"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>would fall as far Weſt, as the Earth had run Eaſt. </s><s>They againe 

<lb></lb>adde a third, and very evident experiment, <emph type="italics"></emph>ſcilicet,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that ſhooting a 

<lb></lb>bullet point blank (or as Gunners ſay, neither above nor under me­

<lb></lb>tal) out of a Culverin towards the Eaſt, and afterwards another, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/117.jpg" pagenum="109"></pb>with the ſame charge, and at the ſame elevation or diſport towards 

<lb></lb>the Weſt, the range towards the Weſt ſhould be very much grea­

<lb></lb>ter then the other towards the Eaſt: for that whil&#039;ſt the ball goeth 

<lb></lb>Weſtward, and the Peece is carried along by the Earth Eaſtward, 

<lb></lb>the ball will fall from the Peece as far diſtant as is the aggregate of 

<lb></lb>the two motions, one made by it ſelf towards the Weſt, and the 

<lb></lb>other by the Peece carried about by the Earth towards the Eaſt; 

<lb></lb>and on the contrary, from the range of the ball ſhot Eaſtward you 

<lb></lb>are to ſubſtract the ſpace the Peece moved, being carried after it. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Now ſuppoſe, for example, that the range of the ball ſhot Weſt 

<lb></lb>were five miles, and that the Earth in the ſame parallel and in the 

<lb></lb>time of the Bals ranging ſhould remove three miles, the Ball in this 

<lb></lb>caſe would fall eight miles diſtant from the Culverin, namely, its 

<lb></lb>own five Weſtward, and the Culverins three miles Eaſtward: but 

<lb></lb>the range of the ſhot towards the Eaſt would be but two miles 

<lb></lb>long, for ſo much is the remainder, after you have ſubſtracted 

<lb></lb>from the five miles of the range, the three miles which the Peece 

<lb></lb>had moved towards the ſame part. </s><s>But experience ſheweth the 

<lb></lb>Ranges to be equal, therefore the Culverin, and conſequently the 

<lb></lb>Earth are immoveable. </s><s>And the ſtability of the Earth is no leſfe 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg284"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>confirmed by two other ſhots made North and South; for they 

<lb></lb>would never hit the mark, but the Ranges would be alwayes wide, 

<lb></lb>or towards the Weſt, by meanes of the remove the mark would 

<lb></lb>make, being carried along with the Earth towards the Eaſt, whil&#039;ſt 

<lb></lb>the ball is flying. </s><s>And not onely ſhots made by the Meridians, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg285"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>but alſo thoſe aimed Eaſt or Weſt would prove uncertain; for 

<lb></lb>thoſe aim&#039;d Eaſt would be too high, and thoſe directed Weſt too 

<lb></lb>low, although they were ſhot point blank, as I ſaid. </s><s>For the 

<lb></lb>Range of the Ball in both the ſhots being made by the Tangent, 

<lb></lb>that is, by a line parallel to the Horizon, and being that in the di­

<lb></lb>urnal motion, if it be of the Earth, the Horizon goeth continually 

<lb></lb>deſcending towards the Eaſt, and riſing from the Weſt (therefore 

<lb></lb>the Oriental Stars ſeem to riſe, and the Occidental to decline) ſo 

<lb></lb>that the Oriental mark would deſcend below the aime, and there­

<lb></lb>upon the ſhot would fly too high, and the aſcending of the Weſt­

<lb></lb>ern mark would make the ſhot aimed that way range too low; ſo 

<lb></lb>that the Peece would never carry true towards any point; and for 

<lb></lb>that experience telleth us the contrary, it is requiſite to ſay, that 

<lb></lb>the Earth is immoveable.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg280"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Which is confir­

<lb></lb>med by the experi­

<lb></lb>ment of a body let 

<lb></lb>fall from the round 

<lb></lb>top of a Ship.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg281"></margin.target>* That is, at the 

<lb></lb>foot of the Maſt, 

<lb></lb>upon the upper 

<lb></lb>deck.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg282"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſecond ar­

<lb></lb>gument taken from 

<lb></lb>a Projection ſhot 

<lb></lb>very high.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg283"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The third argu­

<lb></lb>ment taken from 

<lb></lb>the ſhots of a Can­

<lb></lb>non, towards the 

<lb></lb>Eaſt, and towards 

<lb></lb>the West.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg284"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>This argument 

<lb></lb>is confirmed by two 

<lb></lb>ſhots towards the 

<lb></lb>South and towards 

<lb></lb>the North.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg285"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>And it is like­

<lb></lb>wiſe confirmed by 

<lb></lb>two ſhots towards 

<lb></lb>the Eaſt, and to­

<lb></lb>wards the Weſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Theſe are ſolid reaſons, and ſuch as I believe no man 

<lb></lb>can anſwer.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Perhaps they are new to you?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Really they are; and now I ſee with how many ad­

<lb></lb>mirable experiments Nature is pleaſed to favour us, wherewith to 

<lb></lb>aſſiſt us in the knowledge of the Truth. </s><s>Oh! how exactly one 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/118.jpg" pagenum="110"></pb>truth agreeth with another, and all conſpire to render each other 

<lb></lb>inexpugnable!</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>What pity it is that Guns were not uſed in <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotles<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>age, he would with help of them have eaſily battered down ig­

<lb></lb>norance, and ſpoke without hæſitation of theſe mundane points.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am very glad that theſe reaſons are new unto you, that 

<lb></lb>ſo you may not reſt in the opinion of the <emph type="italics"></emph>major<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> part of <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripate­

<lb></lb>ticks,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who believe, that if any one forſakes the Doctrine of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ari­

<lb></lb>ſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it is becauſe they did not underſtand or rightly apprehend 

<lb></lb>his demonſtrations. </s><s>But you may expect to hear of other Novel­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg286"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ties, and you ſhall ſee the followers of this new Syſteme produce a­

<lb></lb>gainſt themſelves obſervations, experiences, and reaſons of farre 

<lb></lb>greater force than thoſe alledged by <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle, Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and other 

<lb></lb>oppoſers of the ſame concluſions, and by this means you ſhall come 

<lb></lb>to aſcertain your ſelf that they were not induced through want of 

<lb></lb>knowledge or experience to follow that opinion.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg286"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"></emph>his 

<lb></lb>followers are not 

<lb></lb>moved through ig­

<lb></lb>nor ance of the ar­

<lb></lb>guments on the o­

<lb></lb>ther part.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It is requiſite that upon this occaſion I relate unto you 

<lb></lb>ſome accidents that befell me, ſo ſoon as I firſt began to hear ſpeak 

<lb></lb>of this new doctrine. </s><s>Being very young, and having ſcarcely fi­

<lb></lb>niſhed my courſe of Philoſophy, which I left off, as being ſet upon 

<lb></lb>other employments, there chanced to come into theſe parts a cer­

<lb></lb>tain Foreigner of <emph type="italics"></emph>Roſtock,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whoſe name, as I remember, was <emph type="italics"></emph>Chri-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg287"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſtianus Vurſtitius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a follower of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who in an <emph type="italics"></emph>Academy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>made two or three Lectures upon this point, to whom many flock&#039;t 

<lb></lb>as Auditors; but I thinking they went more for the novelty of the 

<lb></lb>ſubject than otherwiſe, did not go to hear him: for I had conclu­

<lb></lb>ded with my ſelf that that opinion could be no other than a ſolemn 

<lb></lb>madneſſe. </s><s>And queſtioning ſome of thoſe who had been there, I 

<lb></lb>perceived they all made a jeſt thereof, execpt one, who told me 

<lb></lb>that the buſineſſe was not altogether to be laugh&#039;t at, and becauſe 

<lb></lb>this man was reputed by me to be very intelligent and wary, I re­

<lb></lb>pented that I was not there, and began from that time forward as 

<lb></lb>oft as I met with any one of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> perſwaſion, to demand 

<lb></lb>of them, if they had been alwayes of the ſame judgment; and of as 

<lb></lb>many as I examined, I found not ſo much as one, who told me not 

<lb></lb>that he had been a long time of the contrary opinion, but to have 

<lb></lb>changed it for this, as convinced by the ſtrength of the reaſons pro­

<lb></lb>ving the ſame: and afterwards queſtioning them, one by one; to 

<lb></lb>ſee whether they were well poſſeſt of the reaſons of the other ſide; 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg288"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>I found them all to be very ready and perfect in them; ſo that I 

<lb></lb>could not truly ſay, that they had took up this opinion out of ig­

<lb></lb>norance, vanity, or to ſhew the acuteneſſe of their wits. </s><s>On the 

<lb></lb>contrary, of as many of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomeans<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as I 

<lb></lb>have asked (and out of curioſity I have talked with many) what 

<lb></lb>pains they had taken in the Book of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I found very 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/119.jpg" pagenum="111"></pb>few that had ſo much as ſuperficially peruſed it; but of thoſe 

<lb></lb>whom, I thought, had underſtood the ſame, not one; and more­

<lb></lb>over, I have enquired amongſt the followers of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Doctrine, if ever any of them had held the contrary opinion, and 

<lb></lb>likewiſe found none that had. </s><s>Whereupon conſidering that there 

<lb></lb>was no man who followed the opinion of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that had 

<lb></lb>not been firſt on the contrary ſide, and that was not very well ac­

<lb></lb>quainted with the reaſons of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and, on the 

<lb></lb>contrary, that there is not one of the followers of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that 

<lb></lb>had ever been of the judgment of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and had left that, 

<lb></lb>to imbrace this of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> conſidering, I ſay, theſe things, I 

<lb></lb>began to think, that one, who leaveth an opinion imbued with 

<lb></lb>his milk, and followed by very many, to take up another owned 

<lb></lb>by very few, and denied by all the Schools, and that really 

<lb></lb>ſeems a very great Paradox, muſt needs have been moved, not 

<lb></lb>to ſay forced, by more powerful reaſons. </s><s>For this cauſe, I am 

<lb></lb>become very curious to dive, as they ſay, into the bottom of this 

<lb></lb>buſineſſe, and account it my great good fortune that I have met 

<lb></lb>you two, from whom I may without any trouble, hear all that 

<lb></lb>hath been, and, haply, can be ſaid on this argument, aſſuring 

<lb></lb>my ſelf that the ſtrength of your reaſons will reſolve all ſcruples, 

<lb></lb>and bring me to a certainty in this ſubject.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg287"></margin.target>Chriſtianus Vur­

<lb></lb>ſtitius <emph type="italics"></emph>read certain 

<lb></lb>Lectures touching 

<lb></lb>the opinion of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Co­

<lb></lb>pernicus, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp; what 

<lb></lb>enſued thereupon.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg288"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The followers of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Copernicus <emph type="italics"></emph>were 

<lb></lb>all firſt againſt 

<lb></lb>that opinion, but 

<lb></lb>the Sectators of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Pto­

<lb></lb>lomy, <emph type="italics"></emph>were never 

<lb></lb>of the other ſide.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>But its poſſible your opinion and hopes may be diſap­

<lb></lb>pointed, and that you may find your ſelves more at a loſſe in the 

<lb></lb>end than you was at firſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am very confident that this can in no wiſe befal 

<lb></lb>me.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>And why not? </s><s>I have a manifeſt example in my ſelf, 

<lb></lb>that the farther I go, the more I am confounded.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This is a ſign that thoſe reaſons that hitherto ſeemed 

<lb></lb>concluding unto you, and aſſured you in the truth of your opi­

<lb></lb>nion, begin to change countenance in your mind, and to let you 

<lb></lb>by degrees, if not imbrace, at leaſt look towards the contrary te­

<lb></lb>nent; but I, that have been hitherto indifferent, do greatly hope 

<lb></lb>to acquire reſt and ſatisfaction by our future diſcourſes, and you 

<lb></lb>will not deny but I may, if you pleaſe but to hear what perſwa­

<lb></lb>deth me to this expectation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I will gladly hearken to the ſame, and ſhould be no 

<lb></lb>leſſe glad that the like effect might be wrought in me.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Favour me therefore with anſwering to what I ſhall ask 

<lb></lb>you. </s><s>And firſt, tell me, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is not the concluſion, which 

<lb></lb>we ſeek the truth of, Whether we ought to hold with <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that the Earth onely abiding without motion in the 

<lb></lb>Centre of the Univerſe, the Cœleſtial bodies all move, or elſe, 

<lb></lb>Whether the Starry Sphere and the Sun ſtanding ſtill in the Centre, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/120.jpg" pagenum="112"></pb>the Earth is without the ſame, and owner of all thoſe motions that 

<lb></lb>in our ſeeming belong to the Sun and fixed Stars?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Theſe are the concluſions which are in diſpute.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And theſe two concluſions, are they not of ſuch a na­

<lb></lb>ture, that one of them muſt neceſſarily be true, and the other 

<lb></lb>falſe?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>They are ſo. </s><s>We are in a <emph type="italics"></emph>Dilemma,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> one part of which 

<lb></lb>muſt of neceſſity be true, and the other untrue; for between Mo­

<lb></lb>tion and Reſt, which are contradictories, there cannot be inſtanced 

<lb></lb>a third, ſo as that one cannot ſay the Earth moves not, nor ſtands 

<lb></lb>ſtill; the Sun and Stars do not move, and yet ſtand not ſtill.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The Earth, the Sun, and Stars, what things are they in 

<lb></lb>nature? </s><s>are they petite things not worth our notice, or grand and 

<lb></lb>worthy of conſideration?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL They are principal, noble, integral bodies of the Uni­

<lb></lb>verſe, moſt vaſt and conſiderable.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And Motion, and Reſt, what accidents are they in 

<lb></lb>Nature?

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg289"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg289"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Motion and reſt 

<lb></lb>principal accidents 

<lb></lb>in nature.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>So great and principal, that Nature her ſelf is defined 

<lb></lb>by them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>So that moving eternally, and the being wholly immo­

<lb></lb>veable are two conditions very conſiderable in Nature, and indi­

<lb></lb>cate very great diverſity; and eſpecially when aſcribed to the 

<lb></lb>principal bodies of the Univerſe, from which can enſue none but 

<lb></lb>very different events.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Yea doubtleſſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Now anſwer me to another point. </s><s>Do you believe that 

<lb></lb>in <emph type="italics"></emph>Logick, Rhethorick,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the <emph type="italics"></emph>Phyſicks, Metaphyſicks, Mathematicks,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and finally, in the univerſality of Diſputations there are arguments 

<lb></lb>ſufficient to perſwade and demonſtrate to a perſon the fallacious, 

<lb></lb>no leſſe then the true concluſions?</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg290"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg290"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Vntruths cannot 

<lb></lb>be demonstrated, 

<lb></lb>as Truths are.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>No Sir; rather I am very confident and certain, that 

<lb></lb>for the proving of a true and neceſſary concluſion, there are in </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg291"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>nature not onely one, but many very powerfull demonſtrations: 

<lb></lb>and that one may diſcuſſe and handle the ſame divers and ſundry 

<lb></lb>wayes, without ever falling into any abſurdity; and that the more 

<lb></lb>any Sophiſt would diſturb and muddy it, the more clear would its 

<lb></lb>certainty appear: And that on the contrary to make a falſe poſi­

<lb></lb>tion paſſe for true, and to perſwade the belief thereof, there can­

<lb></lb>not be any thing produced but fallacies, Sophiſms, Paralogiſmes, 

<lb></lb>Equivocations, and Diſcourſes vain, inconſiſtant, and full of re­

<lb></lb>pugnances and contradictions.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg291"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>For proof of true 

<lb></lb>concluſions, many 

<lb></lb>ſolid arguments 

<lb></lb>may be produced, 

<lb></lb>but to prove a fal­

<lb></lb>ſity, none.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Now if eternal motion, and eternal reſt be ſo princi­

<lb></lb>pal accidents of Nature, and ſo different, that there can depend 

<lb></lb>on them only moſt different conſequences, and eſpecially when 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/121.jpg" pagenum="113"></pb>applyed to the Sun, and to the Earth, ſo vaſt and famous bodies 

<lb></lb>of the Univerſe; and it being, moreover, impoſſible, that one of 

<lb></lb>two contradictory Propoſitions, ſhould not be true, and the other 

<lb></lb>falſe; and that for proof of the falſe one, any thing can be pro­

<lb></lb>duced but fallacies; but the true one being perſwadeable by all 

<lb></lb>kind of concluding and demonſtrative arguments, why ſhould 

<lb></lb>you think that he, of you two, who ſhall be ſo fortunate as to 

<lb></lb>maintain the true Propoſition ought not to perſwade me? </s><s>You 

<lb></lb>muſt ſuppoſe me to be of a ſtupid wit, perverſe judgment, dull 

<lb></lb>mind and intellect, and of a blind reaſon, that I ſhould not be 

<lb></lb>able to diſtinguiſh light from darkneſſe, jewels from coals, or 

<lb></lb>truth from falſhood.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I tell you now, and have told you upon other 

<lb></lb>occaſions, that the beſt Maſter to teach us how to diſcern So­

<lb></lb>phiſmes, Paralogiſmes, and other fallacies, was <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who 

<lb></lb>in this particular can never be deceived.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You inſiſt upon <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who cannot ſpeak. </s><s>Yet I 

<lb></lb>tell you, that if <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> were here, he would either yield him­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg292"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſelf to be perſwaded by us, or refuting our arguments, convince 

<lb></lb>us by better of his own. </s><s>And you your ſelf, when you heard the 

<lb></lb>experiments of the Suns related, did you not acknowledg and 

<lb></lb>admire them, and confeſſe them more concludent than thoſe of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle?<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Yet nevertheleſſe I cannot perceive that <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>who hath produced them, examined them, and with exquiſite 

<lb></lb>care ſcan&#039;d them, doth confeſſe himſelf perſwaded by them; no 

<lb></lb>nor by others of greater force, which he intimated that he was 

<lb></lb>about to give us an account of. </s><s>And I know not on what grounds 

<lb></lb>you ſhould cenſure Nature, as one that for many Ages hath 

<lb></lb>been lazie, and forgetful to produce ſpeculative <emph type="italics"></emph>wits<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and 

<lb></lb>that knoweth not how to make more ſuch, unleſſe they be ſuch 

<lb></lb>kind of men as ſlaviſhly giving up their judgments to <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> do 

<lb></lb>underſtand with his brain, and reſent with his ſenſes. </s><s>But let us 

<lb></lb>hear the reſidue of thoſe reaſons which favour his opinion, that 

<lb></lb>we may thereupon proceed to ſpeak to them; comparing and 

<lb></lb>weighing them in the ballance of impartiality.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg292"></margin.target>Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>would 

<lb></lb>either refute his 

<lb></lb>adverſaries argu­

<lb></lb>ments, or would 

<lb></lb>alter his opinion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Before I proceed any farther, I muſt tell <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that 

<lb></lb>in theſe our Diſputations, I perſonate the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>, and imi­

<lb></lb>tate him, as if I were his <emph type="italics"></emph>Zany<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; but what hath been effected in 

<lb></lb>my private thoughts by theſe arguments which I ſeem to alledg in 

<lb></lb>his favour, I would not have you to judg by what I ſay, whil&#039;ſt 

<lb></lb>I am in the heat of acting my part in the Fable; but after I have 

<lb></lb>laid by my diſguiſe, for you may chance to find me different 

<lb></lb>from what you ſee me upon the Stage. </s><s>Now let us go on.</s></p><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and his followers produce another experiment like to 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg293"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that of the Projections, and it is of things that being ſeparated 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/122.jpg" pagenum="114"></pb>from the Earth, continue a good ſpace of time in the Air, ſuch 

<lb></lb>as are the Clouds, Birds of flight; and as of them it cannot be 

<lb></lb>ſaid that they are rapt or tranſparted by the Earth, having no ad­

<lb></lb>heſion thereto, it ſeems not poſſible, that they ſhould be able to 

<lb></lb>keep pace with the velocity thereof; nay it ſhould rather ſeem 

<lb></lb>to us, that they all ſwiftly move towards the Weſt: And if 

<lb></lb>being carried about by the Earth, paſſe our parallel in twenty 

<lb></lb>four hours, which yet is at leaſt ſixteen thouſand miles, how can 

<lb></lb>Birds follow ſuch a courſe or revolution? </s><s>Whereas on the con­

<lb></lb>trary, we ſee them fly as well towards the Eaſt, as towards the 

<lb></lb>Weſt, or any other part, without any ſenſible difference. </s><s>More­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg294"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>over, if when we run a Horſe at his ſpeed, we feel the air beat 

<lb></lb>vehemently againſt our face, what an impetuous blaſt ought we 

<lb></lb>perpetually to feel from the Eaſt, being carried with ſo rapid a 

<lb></lb>courſe againſt the wind? </s><s>and yet no ſuch effect is perceived. </s><s>Take 

<lb></lb>another very ingenious argument inferred from the following ex­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg295"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>periment. </s><s>The circular motion hath a faculty to extrude and diſ­

<lb></lb>ſipate from its Centre the parts of the moving body, whenſoever 

<lb></lb>either the motion is not very ſlow, or thoſe parts are not very 

<lb></lb>well faſtened together; and therefore, if <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> we ſhould turn 

<lb></lb>one of thoſe great wheels very faſt about, wherein one or more 

<lb></lb>men walking, crane up very great weights, as the huge maſſie 

<lb></lb>ſtone, uſed by the Callander for preſſing of Cloaths; or the 

<lb></lb>fraighted Barks which being haled on ſhore, are hoiſted out of 

<lb></lb>one river into another; in caſe the parts of that ſame Wheel ſo 

<lb></lb>ſwiftly turn&#039;d round, be not very well joyn&#039;d and pin&#039;d together, 

<lb></lb>they would all be ſhattered to pieces; and though many ſtones or 

<lb></lb>other ponderous ſubſtances, ſhould be very faſt bound to its outward 

<lb></lb>Rimme, yet could they not reſiſt the impetuoſity, which with 

<lb></lb>great violence would hurl them every way far from the Wheel, 

<lb></lb>and conſequently from its Centre. </s><s>So that if the Earth did move 

<lb></lb>with ſuch and ſo much greater velocity, what gravity, what tena­

<lb></lb>city of lime or plaiſter would keep together Stones, Buildings, and 

<lb></lb>whole Cities, that they ſhould not be toſt into the Air by ſo pre­

<lb></lb>cipitous a motion? </s><s>And both men and beaſts, which are not fa­

<lb></lb>ſtened to the Earth, how could they reſiſt ſo great an <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? 

<lb></lb></s><s>Whereas, on the other ſide, we ſee both theſe, and far leſſe re­

<lb></lb>ſiſtances of pebles, ſands, leaves reſt quietly on the Earth, and 

<lb></lb>to return to it in falling, though with a very ſlow motion. </s><s>See 

<lb></lb>here, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the moſt potent arguments, taken, to ſo ſpeak, 

<lb></lb>from things Terreſtrial; there remain thoſe of the other kind, 

<lb></lb>namely, ſuch as have relation to the appearances of Heaven, 

<lb></lb>which reaſons, to confeſſe the truth, tend more to prove the 

<lb></lb>Earth to be in the centre of the Univerſe, and conſequently, to 

<lb></lb>deprive it of the annual motion about the ſame, aſcribed unto it 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/123.jpg" pagenum="115"></pb>by <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Which arguments, as being of ſomewhat a diſte­

<lb></lb>rent nature, may be produced, after we have examined the 

<lb></lb>ſtrength of theſe already propounded.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg293"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An argument 

<lb></lb>taken from the 

<lb></lb>Clouds, and from 

<lb></lb>Birds.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg294"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An argument 

<lb></lb>taken from the air 

<lb></lb>which we feel to 

<lb></lb>beat upon us when 

<lb></lb>we run a Horſe at 

<lb></lb>full ſpeed.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg295"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An argument 

<lb></lb>taken from the 

<lb></lb>whirling of circu­

<lb></lb>lar motion, which 

<lb></lb>hath a faculty to 

<lb></lb>extrude and diſſi­

<lb></lb>pate.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>What ſay you <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? </s><s>do you think that <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>is Maſter of, and knoweth how to unfold the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomean<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ari­

<lb></lb>ſtotelian<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> arguments? </s><s>Or do you think that any <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is e­

<lb></lb>qually verſt in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> demonſtrations?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Were it not for the high eſteem, that the paſt diſcour­

<lb></lb>ſes have begot in me of the learning of <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and of the a­

<lb></lb>cuteneſſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I would by their good leave have gone my 

<lb></lb>way without ſtaying for their anſwers; it ſeeming to me a thing 

<lb></lb>impoſſible, that ſo palpable experiments ſhould be contradicted; 

<lb></lb>and would, without hearing them farther, conſirm my ſelf in my 

<lb></lb>old perſwaſion; for though I ſhould be made to ſee that it was er­

<lb></lb>roneous, its being upheld by ſo many probable reaſons, would ren­

<lb></lb>der it excuſeable. </s><s>And if theſe are fallacies, what true demonſtra­

<lb></lb>tions were ever ſo fair?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Yet its good that we hear the reſponſions of <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; 

<lb></lb>which if they be true, muſt of neceſſity be more fair, and that by 

<lb></lb>inſinite degrees; and thoſe muſt be deformed, yea moſt deformed, 

<lb></lb>if the Metaphy ſical Axiome hold, That true and fair are one and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg296"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the ſame thing; as alſo falſe and deformed. </s><s>Therefore <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>let&#039;s no longer loſe time.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg296"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>True and fair 

<lb></lb>are one and the 

<lb></lb>ſame, as alſo falſe 

<lb></lb>and deformed.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The firſt Argument alledged by <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if I well re­

<lb></lb>member it, was this. </s><s>The Earth cannot move circularly, becauſe 

<lb></lb>ſuch motion would be violent to the ſame, and therefore not per­

<lb></lb>petual: that it is violent, the reaſon was: Becauſe, that had it been 

<lb></lb>natural, its parts would likewiſe naturally move round, which is 

<lb></lb>impoſſible, for that it is natural for the parts thereof to move with a 

<lb></lb>right motion downwards. </s><s>To this my reply is, that I could glad­

<lb></lb>ly wiſh, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> had more cleerly expreſt himſelf, where he 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg297"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſaid; That its parts would likewiſe move circularly; for this mo­

<lb></lb>ving circularly is to be underſtood two wayes, one is, that every 

<lb></lb>particle or atome ſeparated from its <emph type="italics"></emph>Whole<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> would move circularly 

<lb></lb>about its particular centre, deſcribing its ſmall Circulets; the other 

<lb></lb>is, that the whole Globe moving about its centre in twenty four 

<lb></lb>hours, the parts alſo would turn about the ſame centre in four and 

<lb></lb>twenty hours. </s><s>The firſt would be no leſſe an impertinency, than 

<lb></lb>if one ſhould ſay, that every part of the circumference of a Circle 

<lb></lb>ought to be a Circle; or becauſe that the Earth is Spherical, that 

<lb></lb>therefore every part thereof be a Globe, for ſo doth the <emph type="italics"></emph>Axiome<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>require: <emph type="italics"></emph>Eadem eſt ratio totius, &amp; partium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> But if he took it in 

<lb></lb>the other ſenſe, to wit, that the parts in imitation of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Whole<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>ſhould move naturally round the Centre of the whole Globe in 

<lb></lb>twenty four hours, I ſay, that they do ſo; and it concerns you, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/124.jpg" pagenum="116"></pb>inſtead of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to prove that they do not.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg297"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The anſwer to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Ariſtotles <emph type="italics"></emph>firſt ar­

<lb></lb>gument.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>This is proved by <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in the ſame place, when he 

<lb></lb>ſaith, that the natural motion of the parts is the right motion 

<lb></lb>downwards to the centre of the Univerſe; ſo that the circular 

<lb></lb>motion cannot naturally agree therewith.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But do not you ſee, that thoſe very words carry in them 

<lb></lb>a confutation of this ſolution?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. How? </s><s>and where?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Doth not he ſay that the circular motion of the Earth 

<lb></lb>would be violent? </s><s>and therefore not eternal? </s><s>and that this is ab­

<lb></lb>ſurd, for that the order of the World is eternal?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>He ſaith ſo.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But if that which is violent cannot be eternal, then by 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg298"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>converſion, that which cannot be eternal, cannot be natural: but 

<lb></lb>the motion of the Earth downwards cannot be otherwiſe eternal; 

<lb></lb>therefore much leſſe can it be natural: nor can any other motion 

<lb></lb>be natural to it, ſave onely that which is eternal. </s><s>But if we make 

<lb></lb>the Earth move with a circular motion, this may be eternal to it, 

<lb></lb>and to its parts, and therefore natural.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg298"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>That which is 

<lb></lb>violent, cannot be 

<lb></lb>eternal, and that 

<lb></lb>which cannot be e­

<lb></lb>ternal, cannot be 

<lb></lb>natural.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>The right motion is moſt natural to the parts of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, and is to them eternal; nor ſhall it ever happen that they 

<lb></lb>move not with a right motion; alwayes provided that the impe­

<lb></lb>diments be removed.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You equivocate <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and I will try to free you 

<lb></lb>from the equivoke. </s><s>Tell me, therefore, do you think that a 

<lb></lb>Ship which ſhould ſail from the Strait of <emph type="italics"></emph>Gibralter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> towards <emph type="italics"></emph>Pale­

<lb></lb>ſtina<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> can eternally move towards that Coaſt? </s><s>keeping alwayes an 

<lb></lb>equal courſe?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>No doubtleſſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And why not?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Becauſe that Voyage is bounded and terminated be­

<lb></lb>tween the <emph type="italics"></emph>Herculean<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Pillars, and the ſhore of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Holy-land<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and 

<lb></lb>the diſtance being limited, it is paſt in a finite time, unleſſe one by 

<lb></lb>returning back ſhould with a contrary motion begin the ſame Voy­

<lb></lb>age anew; but this would be an interrupted and no continued 

<lb></lb>motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Very true. </s><s>But the Navigation from the Strait of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ma­

<lb></lb>galanes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by the <emph type="italics"></emph>Pacifick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ocean, the <emph type="italics"></emph>Moluccha&#039;s,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the Cape <emph type="italics"></emph>di buona 

<lb></lb>Speranza,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and from thence by the ſame Strait, and then again by 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Pacifick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ocean, &amp;c. </s><s>do you believe that it may be perpe­

<lb></lb>tuated?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It may; for this being a circumgyration, which re­

<lb></lb>turneth about its ſelf, with infinite replications, it may be perpetu­

<lb></lb>ated without any interruption.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>A Ship then may in this Voyage continue ſailing eter­

<lb></lb>nally.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/125.jpg" pagenum="117"></pb><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It may, in caſe the Ship were incorruptible, but the 

<lb></lb>Ship decaying, the Navigation muſt of neceſſity come to an end.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But in the Mediterrane, though the Veſſel were incor­

<lb></lb>ruptible, yet could ſhe not ſail perpetually towards <emph type="italics"></emph>Paleſtina,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg299"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Voyage being determined. </s><s>Two things then are required, to the 

<lb></lb>end a moveable may without intermiſſion move perpetually; the 

<lb></lb>one is, that the motion may of its own nature be indeterminate and 

<lb></lb>infinite; the other, that the moveable be likewiſe incorruptible 

<lb></lb>and eternal.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg299"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Two things re­

<lb></lb>quiſite to the end a 

<lb></lb>motion may per­

<lb></lb>petuate it ſelf; an 

<lb></lb>unlimited ſpace, 

<lb></lb>and an incorrupti­

<lb></lb>ble moveable.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>All this is neceſſary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore you may ſee how of your own accord you 

<lb></lb>have confeſſed it impoſſible that any moveable ſhould move eter­

<lb></lb>nally in a right line, in regard that right motion, whether it be up­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg300"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>wards, or downwards, is by you your ſelf bounded by the circum­

<lb></lb>ference and centre; ſo that if a Moveable, as ſuppoſe the Earth 

<lb></lb>be eternal, yet foraſmuch as the right motion is not of its own na­

<lb></lb>ture eternall, but moſt ^{*}terminate, it cannot naturally ſuit with 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg301"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the Earth. </s><s>Nay, as was ſaid ^{*} yeſterday, <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf is 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg302"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>conſtrained to make the Terreſtrial Globe eternally immoveable. 

<lb></lb></s><s>When again you ſay, that the parts of the Earth evermore move 

<lb></lb>downwards, all impediments being removed, you egregiouſly equi­

<lb></lb>vocate; for then, on the other ſide they muſt be impeded, contra­

<lb></lb>ried, and forced, if you would have them move; for, when they 

<lb></lb>are once fallen to the ground, they muſt be violently thrown up­

<lb></lb>wards, that they may a ſecond time fall; and as to the impedi­

<lb></lb>ments, theſe only hinder its arrival at the centre; but if there were 

<lb></lb>a <emph type="italics"></emph>Well,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that did paſſe thorow and beyond the centre, yet would not 

<lb></lb>a clod of Earth paſſe beyond it, unleſſe inaſmuch as being tranſ­

<lb></lb>ported by its <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it ſhould paſſe the ſame to return thither a­

<lb></lb>gain, and in the end there to reſt. </s><s>As therefore to the defending, 

<lb></lb>that the motion by a right line doth or can agree naturally neither 

<lb></lb>to the Earth, nor to any other moveable, whil&#039;ſt the Univerſe re­

<lb></lb>taineth its perfect order, I would have you take no further paines a­

<lb></lb>bout it, but (unleſſe you will grant them the circular motion) 

<lb></lb>your beſt way will be to defend and maintain their immobility.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg300"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Right motion 

<lb></lb>cannot be eternal, 

<lb></lb>and conſequently 

<lb></lb>cannot be natural 

<lb></lb>to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg301"></margin.target>* Terminatiſſimo.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg302"></margin.target>* By this expreſſi­

<lb></lb>on he every where 

<lb></lb>means the prece­

<lb></lb>ding Dialogue, or 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Giornata.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>As to their immoveableneſſe, the arguments of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ari­

<lb></lb>ſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and moreover thoſe alledged by your ſelf ſeem in my opini­

<lb></lb>on neceſſarily to conclude the ſame, as yet; and I conceive it will 

<lb></lb>be a hard matter to refute them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Come we therefore to the ſecond Argument, which was, 

<lb></lb>That thoſe bodies, which we are aſſured do move circularly, have 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg303"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>more than one motion, unleſſe it be the <emph type="italics"></emph>Primum Mobile<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and 

<lb></lb>therefore, if the Earth did move circularly, it ought to have two 

<lb></lb>motions; from which alterations would follow in the riſing and 

<lb></lb>ſetting of the Fixed Stars: Which effect is not perceived to enſue. 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/126.jpg" pagenum="118"></pb>Therefore, &amp;c. </s><s>The moſt proper and genuine anſwer to this Alle­

<lb></lb>gation is contained in the Argument it ſelf; and even <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>puts it in our mouths, which it is impoſſible, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that you 

<lb></lb>ſhould not have ſeen.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg303"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The anſwer to 

<lb></lb>the ſecond argu­

<lb></lb>ment.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I neither have ſeen it, nor do I yet apprehend it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This cannot be, ſure, the thing is ſo very plain.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I will with your leave, caſt an eye upon the <emph type="italics"></emph>Text.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>We will command the <emph type="italics"></emph>Text<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to be brought forthwith.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I alwayes carry it about with me: See here it is, and 

<lb></lb>I know the place perfectly well, which is in <emph type="italics"></emph>lib. 



2. De Cælo, cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>16. Here it is, <emph type="italics"></emph>Text<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 97. <emph type="italics"></emph>Preterea omnia, quæ feruntur latione 

<lb></lb>circulari ſubdeficere videntur, ac moveri pluribus una latione, 

<lb></lb>præter primam Sphæram; quare &amp; Terram neceſſariam eſt, ſive 

<lb></lb>circa medium, ſive in medio poſita feratur, duabus moveri 

<lb></lb>lationibus. </s><s>Si autem hoc acciderit, neceſſariam eſt fieri muta­

<lb></lb>tiones, ac converſiones fixorum aſtrorum. </s><s>Hoc autem non vide­

<lb></lb>tur ficri, ſed ſemper eadem, apud eadem loca ipſius, &amp; oriun­

<lb></lb>tur, &amp; occidunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> [In Engliſh thus:] Furthermore all that are 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg304"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>carried with circular motion, ſeem to ^{*} foreſlow, and to move 

<lb></lb>with more than one motion, except the firſt Sphere; wherefore 

<lb></lb>it is neceſſary that the Earth move with two motions, whether 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg305"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>it be carried about the ^{*} middle, or placed in the middle. </s><s>But 

<lb></lb>if it be ſo, there would of neceſſity be alterations and converſi­

<lb></lb>ons made amongſt the fixed Stars. </s><s>But no ſuch thing is ſeen to 

<lb></lb>be done, but the ſame Star doth alwayes riſe and ſet in the ſame 

<lb></lb>place. </s><s>In all this I find not any falacy, and my thinks the argu­

<lb></lb>ment is very forcible.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg304"></margin.target>* Subdeſicere.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg305"></margin.target>* Or Centre.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And this new reading of the place hath confirmed me 

<lb></lb>in the fallacy of the Sillogiſme, and moreover, diſcovered ano­

<lb></lb>ther falſity. </s><s>Therefore obſerve. </s><s>The Poſitions, or if you will, 

<lb></lb>Concluſions, which <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> endeavours to oppoſe, are two; one 

<lb></lb>is that of thoſe, who placing the Earth in the midſt of the World, 

<lb></lb>do make it move in it ſelf about its own centre. </s><s>The other is of 

<lb></lb>thoſe, who conſtituting it far from the middle, do make it re­

<lb></lb>volve with a circular motion about the middle of the Univerſe. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And both theſe Poſitions he conjointly impugneth with one and 

<lb></lb>the ſame argument. </s><s>Now I affirm that he is out in both the one 

<lb></lb>and the other impugnation; and that his error againſt the firſt 

<lb></lb>Poſition is an Equivoke or Paralogiſme; and his miſtake touch­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg306"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ing the ſecond is a falſe conſequence. </s><s>Let us begin with the firſt 

<lb></lb>Aſſertion, which conſtituteth the Earth in the midſt of the 

<lb></lb>World, and maketh it move in it ſelf about its own centre; and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg307"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>let us confront it with the objection of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; ſaying, All 

<lb></lb>moveables, that move circularly, ſeem to ^{*} foreſlow, and move 

<lb></lb>with more than one Byas, except the firſt Sphere (that is <emph type="italics"></emph>the pri-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/127.jpg" pagenum="119"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>mum mobile<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>) therefore the Earth moving about its own centre, 

<lb></lb>being placed in the middle, muſt of neceſſity have two byaſſes, 

<lb></lb>and foreſlow. </s><s>But if this were ſo, it would follow, that there 

<lb></lb>ſhould be a variation in the riſing and ſetting of the fixed Stars, 

<lb></lb>which we do not perceive to be done: Therefore the Earth doth 

<lb></lb>not move, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Here is the Paralogiſme, and to diſcover it, I will 

<lb></lb>argue with <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in this manner. </s><s>Thou ſaiſt, oh <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>that the Earth placed in the middle of the World, cannot move 

<lb></lb>in it ſelf (<emph type="italics"></emph>i. </s><s>e.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> upon its own <emph type="italics"></emph>axis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>) for then it would be requiſite 

<lb></lb>to allow it two byaſſes; ſo that, if it ſhould not be neceſſary to 

<lb></lb>allow it more than one Byas onely, thou wouldeſt not then hold 

<lb></lb>it impoſſible for it to move onely with that one; for thou would&#039;ſt 

<lb></lb>unneceſſarily have conſined the impoſſibility to the plurality of 

<lb></lb>byaſſes, if in caſe it had no more but one, yet it could not move 

<lb></lb>with that. </s><s>And becauſe that of all the moveables in the World, 

<lb></lb>thou makeſt but one alone to move with one ſole byas; and all 

<lb></lb>the reſt with more than one; and this ſame moveable thou af­

<lb></lb>firmeſt to be the firſt Sphere, namely, that by which all the fix­

<lb></lb>ed and erratick Stars ſeem harmoniouſly to move from Eaſt to 

<lb></lb>Weſt, if in caſe the Earth may be that firſt Sphere, that by mo­

<lb></lb>ving with one by as onely, may make the Stars appear to move 

<lb></lb>from Eaſt to Weſt, thou wilt not deny them it: But he that af­

<lb></lb>firmeth, that the Earth being placed in the midſt of the World, 

<lb></lb>moveth about its own Axis, aſcribes unto it no other motion, 

<lb></lb>ſave that by which all the Stars appear to move from Eaſt to Weſt; 

<lb></lb>and ſo it cometh to be that firſt Sphere, which thou thy ſelf ac­

<lb></lb>knowledgeſt to move with but one by as onely. </s><s>It is therefore ne­

<lb></lb>ceſſary, oh <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if thou wilt conclude any thing, that thou 

<lb></lb>demonſtrate, that the Earth being placed in the midſt of the 

<lb></lb>World, cannot move with ſo much as one by as onely; or elſe, 

<lb></lb>that much leſſe can the firſt Sphere have one ſole motion; for o­

<lb></lb>therwiſe thou doeſt in thy very Sillogiſme both commit the falacy, 

<lb></lb>and detect it, denying, and at that very time proving the ſame 

<lb></lb>thing. </s><s>I come now to the ſecond Poſition, namely, of thoſe 

<lb></lb>who placing the Earth far from the midſt of the Univerſe, make 

<lb></lb>it moveable about the ſame; that is, make it a Planet and erra­

<lb></lb>tick Star; againſt which the argument is directed, and as to 

<lb></lb>form is concludent, but faileth in matter. </s><s>For it being granted, 

<lb></lb>that the Earth doth in that manner move, and that with two by­

<lb></lb>aſſes, yet doth it not neceſſarily follow that though it were ſo, 

<lb></lb>it ſhould make alterations in the riſings and ſettings of the fixed 

<lb></lb>Stars, as I ſhall in its proper place declare. </s><s>And here I could 

<lb></lb>gladly excuſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; rather I could highly applaud him for ha­

<lb></lb>ving light upon the moſt ſubtil argument that could be produced 

<lb></lb>againſt the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican Hypotheſis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and if the objection be inge­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/128.jpg" pagenum="120"></pb>nious, and to outward appearance moſt powerful, you may ſee 

<lb></lb>how much more acute and ingenious the ſolution muſt be, and 

<lb></lb>not to be found by a wit leſſe piercing than that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; 

<lb></lb>and again from the difficulty in underſtanding it, you may argue 

<lb></lb>the ſo much greater difficulty in finding it. </s><s>But let us for the pre­

<lb></lb>ſent ſuſpend our anſwer, which you ſhall underſtand in due time 

<lb></lb>and place, after we have repeated the objection of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>that in his favour, much ſtrengthened. </s><s>Now paſſe we to <emph type="italics"></emph>Ari-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg308"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſtotles<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> third Argument, touching which we need give no farther 

<lb></lb>reply, it having been ſufficiently anſwered betwixt the diſcourſes 

<lb></lb>of yeſterday and to day: In as much as he urgeth, that the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of grave bodies is naturally by a right line to the centre; and 

<lb></lb>then enquireth, whether to the centre of the Earth, or to that 

<lb></lb>of the Univerſe, and concludeth that they tend naturally to the 

<lb></lb>centre of the Univerſe, but accidentally to that of the Earth. 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg309"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Therefore we may proceed to the fourth, upon which its requiſite 

<lb></lb>that we ſtay ſome time, by reaſon it is founded upon that expe­

<lb></lb>riment, from whence the greater part of the remaining argu­

<lb></lb>ments derive all their ſtrength. <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſaith therefore, that it is 

<lb></lb>a moſt convincing argument of the Earths immobility, to ſee 

<lb></lb>that projections thrown or ſhot upright, return perpendicularly 

<lb></lb>by the ſame line unto the ſame place from whence they were ſhot 

<lb></lb>or thrown. </s><s>And this holdeth true, although the motion be of a 

<lb></lb>very great height; which could never come to paſſe, did the 

<lb></lb>Earth move: for in the time that the projected body is moving 

<lb></lb>upwards and downwards in a ſtate of ſeparation from the Earth, 

<lb></lb>the place from whence the motion of the projection began, would 

<lb></lb>be paſt, by means of the Earths revolution, a great way to­

<lb></lb>wards the Eaſt, and look how great that ſpace was, ſo far from 

<lb></lb>that place would the projected body in its deſcent come to the 

<lb></lb>ground. </s><s>So that hither may be referred the argument taken from 

<lb></lb>a bullet ſhot from a Canon directly upwards; as alſo that other 

<lb></lb>uſed by <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the grave bodies that falling 

<lb></lb>from on high, are obſerved to deſcend by a direct and perpendicu­

<lb></lb>lar line to the ſurface of the Earth. </s><s>Now that I may begin to untie 

<lb></lb>theſe knots, I demand of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that in caſe one ſhould deny 

<lb></lb>to <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that weights in falling freely from on 

<lb></lb>high, deſcend by a right and perpendicular line, that is, directly 

<lb></lb>to the centre, what means he would uſe to prove it?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg306"></margin.target>Ariſtotles <emph type="italics"></emph>argu­

<lb></lb>ment againſt the 

<lb></lb>Earths motion, is 

<lb></lb>defective in two 

<lb></lb>things<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg307"></margin.target>* The ſame word 

<lb></lb>which a little above 

<lb></lb>I tendred ſtay be­

<lb></lb>hind, as a bowle 

<lb></lb>when it meets with 

<lb></lb>ruls.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg308"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The anſwer to 

<lb></lb>the third argu­

<lb></lb>ment.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg309"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The anſwer to 

<lb></lb>the fourth argu­

<lb></lb>ment.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>The means of the ſenſes; the which aſſureth us, that 

<lb></lb>that Tower or other altitude, is upright and perpendicular, and 

<lb></lb>ſheweth us that that ſtone, or other grave body, doth ſlide along 

<lb></lb>the Wall, without inclining a hairs breadth to one ſide or ano­

<lb></lb>ther, and light at the foot thereof juſt under the place from whence 

<lb></lb>it was let fall.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/129.jpg" pagenum="121"></pb><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But if it ſhould happen that the Terreſtrial Globe did 

<lb></lb>move round, and conſequently carry the Tower alſo along with 

<lb></lb>it, and that the ſtone did then alſo grate and ſlide along the ſide of 

<lb></lb>the Tower, what muſt its motion be then?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>In this caſe we may rather ſay its motions: for it 

<lb></lb>would have one wherewith to deſcend from the top of the Tower 

<lb></lb>to the bottom, and ſhould neceſſarily have another to follow the 

<lb></lb>courſe of the ſaid Tower.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that its motion ſhould be compounded of two, to 

<lb></lb>wit, of that wherewith it meaſureth the Tower, and of that o­

<lb></lb>ther wherewith it followeth the ſame: From which compoſition 

<lb></lb>would follow, that the ſtone would no longer deſcribe that ſimple 

<lb></lb>right and perpendicular line, but one tranſverſe, and perhaps not 

<lb></lb>ſtreight.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I can ſay nothing of its non-rectitude, but this I know 

<lb></lb>very well, that it would of neceſſity be tranſverſe, and different 

<lb></lb>from the other directly perpendicular, which it doth deſcribe, the 

<lb></lb>Earth ſtanding ſtill.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You ſee then, that upon the meer obſerving the falling 

<lb></lb>ſtone to glide along the Tower, you cannot certainly affirm that 

<lb></lb>it deſcribeth a line which is ſtreight and perpendicular, unleſs you 

<lb></lb>firſt ſuppoſe that the Earth ſtandeth ſtill.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. True; for if the Earth ſhould move, the ſtones mo­

<lb></lb>tion would be tranſverſe, and not perpendicular.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Behold then the Paralogiſm of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg310"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>to be evident and manifeſt, and diſcovered by you your ſelf, 

<lb></lb>wherein that is ſuppoſed for known, which is intended to be de­

<lb></lb>monſtrated.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg310"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Paralogiſm 

<lb></lb>of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>and<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Ptolomey <emph type="italics"></emph>in ſup­

<lb></lb>poſing that for 

<lb></lb>known, which is in 

<lb></lb>queſtion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>How can that be? </s><s>To me it appeareth that the 

<lb></lb>Syllogiſm is rightly demonſtrated without <emph type="italics"></emph>petitionem principii.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You ſhall ſee how it is; anſwer me a little. </s><s>Doth he 

<lb></lb>not lay down the concluſion as unknown?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. Unknown; why otherwiſe the demonſtrating it would 

<lb></lb>be ſuperfluous.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But the middle term, ought not that to be known?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Its neceſſary that it ſhould; for otherwiſe it would be 

<lb></lb>a proving <emph type="italics"></emph>ignotum per æquè ignotum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Our concluſion which is to be proved, and which is un­

<lb></lb>known, is it not the ſtability of the Earth?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It is the ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The middle term, which ought to be known, is it not the 

<lb></lb>ſtreight and perpendicular deſcent of the ſtone?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It is ſo.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But was it not juſt now concluded, that we can have 

<lb></lb>no certain knowledg whether that ſame ſhall be direct and perpen­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/130.jpg" pagenum="122"></pb>dicular, unleſs we firſt know that the Earth ſtands ſtill? </s><s>Therefore 

<lb></lb>in your Syllogiſm the certainty of the middle term is aſſumed 

<lb></lb>from the uncertainty of the concluſion. </s><s>You may ſee then, what 

<lb></lb>and how great the Paralogiſm is.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I would, in favour of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> defend <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if it 

<lb></lb>were poſſible, or at leaſt better ſatisfie my ſelf concerning the 

<lb></lb>ſtrength of your illation. </s><s>You ſay, that the ſeeing the ſtone rake 

<lb></lb>along the Tower, is not ſufficient to aſſure us, that its motion is 

<lb></lb>perpendicular (which is the middle term of the Syllogiſm) unleſs 

<lb></lb>it be preſuppoſed, that the Earth ſtandeth ſtill, which is the con­

<lb></lb>cluſion to be proved: For that if the Tower did move together 

<lb></lb>with the Earth, and the ſtone did ſlide along the ſame, the motion 

<lb></lb>of the ſtone would be tranſverſe, and not perpendicular. </s><s>But I 

<lb></lb>ſhall anſwer, that ſhould the Tower move, it would be impoſſible 

<lb></lb>that the ſtone ſhould fall gliding along the ſide of it; and there­

<lb></lb>fore from its falling in that manner the ſtability of the Earth is in­

<lb></lb>ferred.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It is ſo; for if you would have the ſtone in deſcend­

<lb></lb>ing to grate upon the Tower, though it were carried round by 

<lb></lb>the Earth, you muſt allow the ſtone two natural motions, to wit, 

<lb></lb>the ſtraight motion towards the Centre, and the circular about 

<lb></lb>the Centre, the which is impoſſible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotles<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> defenſe then conſiſteth in the impoſſibilitie, 

<lb></lb>or at leaſt in his eſteeming it an impoſſibility, that the ſtone ſhould 

<lb></lb>move with a motion mixt of right and circular: for if he did 

<lb></lb>not hold it impoſſible that the ſtone could move to the Centre, 

<lb></lb>and about the Centre at once, he muſt have underſtood, that it 

<lb></lb>might come to paſs that the cadent ſtone might in its deſcent, race 

<lb></lb>the Tower as well when it moved as when it ſtood ſtill; and con­

<lb></lb>ſequently he muſt have perceived, that from this grating nothing 

<lb></lb>could be inferred touching the mobility or immobility of the 

<lb></lb>Earth. </s><s>But this doth not any way excuſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; aſwell be­

<lb></lb>cauſe he ought to have expreſt it, if he had had ſuch a conceit, it 

<lb></lb>being ſo material a part of his Argument; as alſo becauſe it can 

<lb></lb>neither be ſaid that ſuch an effect is impoſſible, nor that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>did eſteem it ſo. </s><s>The firſt cannot be affirmed, for that by and 

<lb></lb>by I ſhall ſhew that it is not onely poſſible, but neceſſary: nor 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg311"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>much leſs can the ſecond be averred, for that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf 

<lb></lb>granteth fire to move naturally upwards in a right line, and to 

<lb></lb>move about with the diurnal motion, imparted by Heaven to the 

<lb></lb>whole Element of Fire, and the greater part of the Air: If there­

<lb></lb>fore he held it not impoſſible to mix the right motion upwards, 

<lb></lb>with the circular communicated to the Fire and Air from the con­

<lb></lb>cave of the Moon, much leſs ought he to account impoſſible the 

<lb></lb>mixture of the right motion downwards of the ſtone, with the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/131.jpg" pagenum="123"></pb>circular which we preſuppoſe natural to the whole Terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe, of which the ſtone is a part.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg311"></margin.target>Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>admit­

<lb></lb>teth that the Fire 

<lb></lb>moveth directly 

<lb></lb>upwards by na­

<lb></lb>ture, and round a­

<lb></lb>bout by participa­

<lb></lb>tion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I ſee no ſuch thing: for if the element of Fire re­

<lb></lb>volve round together with the Air, it is a very eaſie, yea a neceſſary 

<lb></lb>thing, that a ſpark of fire which from the Earth mounts upwards, 

<lb></lb>in paſſing thorow the moving air, ſhould receive the ſame motion, 

<lb></lb>being a body ſo thin, light, and eaſie to be moved: but that a 

<lb></lb>very heavy ſtone, or a Canon bullet, that deſcendeth from on 

<lb></lb>high, and that is at liberty to move whither it will, ſhould ſuffer 

<lb></lb>it ſelf to be tranſported either by the air or any other thing, is 

<lb></lb>altogether incredible. </s><s>Beſides that, we have the Experiment, 

<lb></lb>which is ſo proper to our purpoſe, of the ſtone let fall from the 

<lb></lb>round top of the Maſt of a ſhip, which when the ſhip lyeth ſtill, 

<lb></lb>falleth at the Partners of the Maſt; but when the ſhip ſaileth, falls 

<lb></lb>ſo far diſtant from that place, by how far the ſhip in the time of 

<lb></lb>the ſtones falling had run forward; which will not be a few fa­

<lb></lb>thoms, when the ſhips courſe is ſwift.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>There is a great diſparity between the caſe of the Ship 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg312"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>and that of the Earth, if the Terreſtrial Globe be ſuppoſed to have 

<lb></lb>a diurnal motion. </s><s>For it is a thing very manifeſt, that the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the Ship, as it is not natural to it, ſo the motion of all thoſe 

<lb></lb>things that are in it is accidental, whence it is no wonder that the 

<lb></lb>ſtone which was retained in the round top, being left at liberty, 

<lb></lb>deſcendeth downwards without any obligation to follow the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the Ship. </s><s>But the diurnal converſion is aſcribed to the 

<lb></lb>Terreſtrial Globe for its proper and natural motion, and conſe­

<lb></lb>quently, it is ſo to all the parts of the ſaid Globe; and, as being 

<lb></lb>impreſs&#039;d by nature, is indelible in them; and therefore that ſtone 

<lb></lb>that is on the top of the Tower hath an intrinſick inclination of 

<lb></lb>revolving about the Centre of its <emph type="italics"></emph>Whole<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in twenty four hours, and 

<lb></lb>this ſame natural inſtinct it exerciſeth eternally, be it placed in any 

<lb></lb>ſtate whatſoever. </s><s>And to be aſſured of the truth of this, you 

<lb></lb>have no more to do but to alter an antiquated impreſſion made 

<lb></lb>in your mind; and to ſay, Like as in that I hitherto holding it to 

<lb></lb>be the property of the Terreſtrial Globe to reſt immoveable about 

<lb></lb>its Centre, did never doubt or queſtion but that all whatſoever 

<lb></lb>particles thereof do alſo naturally remain in the ſame ſtate of reſt: 

<lb></lb>So it is reaſon, in caſe the Terreſtrial Globe did move round by 

<lb></lb>natural inſtinct in twenty four hours, that the intrinſick and natu­

<lb></lb>ral inclination of all its parts ſhould alſo be, not to ſtand ſtill, but 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg313"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>to follow the ſame revolution. </s><s>And thus without running into 

<lb></lb>any inconvenience, one may conclude, that in regard the motion 

<lb></lb>conferred by the force of ^{*}Oars on the Ship, and by it on all the 

<lb></lb>things that are contained within her, is not natural but forreign, it 

<lb></lb>is very reaſonable that that ſtone, it being ſeparated from the ſhip, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/132.jpg" pagenum="124"></pb>do reduce its ſelf to its natural diſpoſure, and return to exerciſe 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg314"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>its pure ſimple inſtinct given it by nature. </s><s>To this I add, that 

<lb></lb>it&#039;s neceſſary, that at leaſt that part of the Air which is beneath the 

<lb></lb>greater heights of mountains, ſhould be tranſported and carried 

<lb></lb>round by the roughneſs of the Earths ſurface; or that, as being 

<lb></lb>mixt with many Vapours, and terrene Exhalations, it do na­

<lb></lb>turally follow the diurnal motion, which occurreth not in the 

<lb></lb>Air about the ſhip rowed by Oars: So that your arguing 

<lb></lb>from the ſhip to the Tower hath not the force of an illation; 

<lb></lb>becauſe that ſtone which falls from the round top of the Maſt, 

<lb></lb>entereth into a <emph type="italics"></emph>medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which is unconcern&#039;d in the motion 

<lb></lb>of the ſhip: but that which departeth from the top of the Tower, 

<lb></lb>finds a <emph type="italics"></emph>medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that hath a motion in common with the whole Ter­

<lb></lb>reſtrial Globe; ſo that without being hindred, rather being aſſiſted 

<lb></lb>by the motion of the air, it may follow the univerſal courſe of the 

<lb></lb>Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg312"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The diſparity be­

<lb></lb>tween the fall of a 

<lb></lb>ſtone from the 

<lb></lb>round top of a ſhip, 

<lb></lb>and from the top 

<lb></lb>of a tower.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg313"></margin.target>*That you may not 

<lb></lb>ſuſpect my tranſla­

<lb></lb>tion, or wonder 

<lb></lb>what Oars have to 

<lb></lb>do with a ſhip, you 

<lb></lb>are to know that 

<lb></lb>the Author intends 

<lb></lb>the Gallies uſed in 

<lb></lb>the Mediterrane.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg314"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The part of the 

<lb></lb>Air inferiour to 

<lb></lb>the higher moun­

<lb></lb>tains doth follow 

<lb></lb>the motion of the 

<lb></lb>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I cannot conceive that the air can imprint in a very 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg315"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>great ſtone, or in a groſs Globe of Wood or Ball of Lead, as 

<lb></lb>ſuppoſe of two hundred weight, the motion wherewith its ſelf is 

<lb></lb>moved, and which it doth perhaps communicate to feathers, ſnow, 

<lb></lb>and other very light things: nay, I ſee that a weight of that na­

<lb></lb>ture, being expoſed to any the moſt impetuous wind, is not there­

<lb></lb>by removed an inch from its place; now conſider with your ſelf 

<lb></lb>whether the air will carry it along therewith.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg315"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motion of the 

<lb></lb>Air apt to carry 

<lb></lb>with it light things 

<lb></lb>but not heavy.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>There is great difference between your experiment and 

<lb></lb>our caſe. </s><s>You introduce the wind blowing againſt that ſtone, 

<lb></lb>ſuppoſed in a ſtate of reſt, and we expoſe to the air, which already 

<lb></lb>moveth, the ſtone which doth alſo move with the ſame velocity; 

<lb></lb>ſo that the air is not to conferr a new motion upon it, but onely 

<lb></lb>to maintain, or to ſpeak better, not to hinder the motion already 

<lb></lb>acquired: you would drive the ſtone with a ſtrange and preter­

<lb></lb>natural motion, and we deſire to conſerve it in its natural. </s><s>If 

<lb></lb>you would produce a more pertinent experiment, you ſhould ſay, 

<lb></lb>that it is obſerved, if not with the eye of the forehead, yet with 

<lb></lb>that of the mind, what would evene, if an eagle that is carried by 

<lb></lb>the courſe of the wind, ſhould let a ſtone fall from its talons; 

<lb></lb>which, in regard that at its being let go, it went along with the 

<lb></lb>wind, and after it was let fall it entered into a <emph type="italics"></emph>medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that mo­

<lb></lb>ved with equal velocity, I am very confident that it would not be 

<lb></lb>ſeen to deſcend in its fall perpendicularly, but that following the 

<lb></lb>courſe of the wind, and adding thereto that of its particular gra­

<lb></lb>vity, it would move with a tranſverſe motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPI. </s><s>But it would firſt be known how ſuch an experiment 

<lb></lb>may be made; and then one might judg according to the event. 

<lb></lb></s><s>In the mean time the effect of the ſhip doth hitherto incline to fa­

<lb></lb>vour our opinion.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/133.jpg" pagenum="125"></pb><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Well ſaid you <emph type="italics"></emph>hitherto,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for perhaps it may anon change 

<lb></lb>countenance. </s><s>And that I may no longer hold you in ſuſpenſe, 

<lb></lb>tell me, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> do you really believe, that the Experiment of 

<lb></lb>the ſhip ſquares ſo very well with our purpoſe, as that it ought to 

<lb></lb>be believed, that that which we ſee happen in it, ought alſo to 

<lb></lb>evene in the Terreſtrial Globe?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>As yet I am of that opinion; and though you have 

<lb></lb>alledged ſome ſmall diſparities, I do not think them of ſo great 

<lb></lb>moment, as that they ſhould make me change my judgment.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I rather deſire that you would continue therein, and 

<lb></lb>hold for certain, that the effect of the Earth would exactly anſwer 

<lb></lb>that of the ſhip: provided, that when it ſhall appear prejudicial to 

<lb></lb>your cauſe, you would not be humorous and alter your thoughts. 

<lb></lb></s><s>You may haply ſay, Foraſmuch as when the ſhip ſtands ſtill, the 

<lb></lb>ſtone falls at the foot of the Maſt, and when ſhe is under ſail, it 

<lb></lb>lights far from thence, that therefore by converſion, from the ſtones 

<lb></lb>falling at the foot is argued the ſhips ſtanding ſtill, and from its 

<lb></lb>falling far from thence is argued her moving; and becauſe that 

<lb></lb>which occurreth to the ſhip, ought likewiſe to befall the Earth: 

<lb></lb>that therefore from the falling of the ſtone at the foot of the Tow­

<lb></lb>er is neceſſarily inferred the immobility of the Terreſtrial Globe. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Is not this your argumentation?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It is; and reduced into that conciſeneſs, as that it is 

<lb></lb>become moſt eaſie to be apprehended.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now tell me; if the ſtone let fall from the Round­

<lb></lb>top, when the ſhip is in a ſwift courſe, ſhould fall exactly in 

<lb></lb>the ſame place of the ſhip, in which it falleth when the ſhip is at 

<lb></lb>anchor, what ſervice would theſe experiments do you, in order to 

<lb></lb>the aſcertaining whether the veſſel doth ſtand ſtill or move?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Juſt none: Like as, for exemple, from the beating of 

<lb></lb>the pulſe one cannot know whether a perſon be aſleep or awake, 

<lb></lb>ſeeing that the pulſe beateth after the ſame manner in ſleeping as 

<lb></lb>in waking.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Very well. </s><s>Have you ever tryed the experiment of the 

<lb></lb>Ship?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I have not; but yet I believe that thoſe Authors 

<lb></lb>which alledg the ſame, have accurately obſerved it; beſides that 

<lb></lb>the cauſe of the diſparity is ſo manifeſtly known, that it admits 

<lb></lb>of no queſtion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>That it is poſſible that thoſe Authors inſtance in it, 

<lb></lb>without having made tryal of it, you your ſelf are a good teſti­

<lb></lb>mony, that without having examined it, alledg it as certain, and in 

<lb></lb>a credulous way remit it to their authority; as it is now not onely 

<lb></lb>poſſible, but very probable that they likewiſe did; I mean, did 

<lb></lb>remit the ſame to their Predeceſſors, without ever arriving at one 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/134.jpg" pagenum="126"></pb>that had made the experiment: for whoever ſhall examine the 

<lb></lb>ſame, ſhall find the event ſucceed quite contrary to what hath 

<lb></lb>been written of it: that is, he ſhall ſee the ſtone fall at all times 

<lb></lb>in the ſame place of the Ship, whether it ſtand ſtill, or move with 

<lb></lb>any whatſoever velocity. </s><s>So that the ſame holding true in the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg316"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Earth, as in the Ship, one cannot from the ſtones falling perpen­

<lb></lb>dicularly at the foot of the Tower, conclude any thing touching 

<lb></lb>the motion or reſt of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg316"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The stone falling 

<lb></lb>from the Mast of 

<lb></lb>a ſhip lights in the 

<lb></lb>ſame place, whe­

<lb></lb>ther the ſhip doth 

<lb></lb>move or ly still.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>If you ſhould refer me to any other means than to 

<lb></lb>experience, I verily believe our Diſputations would not come to 

<lb></lb>an end in haſte; for this ſeemeth to me a thing ſo remote from all 

<lb></lb>humane reaſon, as that it leaveth not the leaſt place for credulity 

<lb></lb>or probability.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And yet it hath left place in me for both.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>How is this? </s><s>You have not made an hundred, no nor 

<lb></lb>one proof thereof, and do you ſo confidently affirm it for true? 

<lb></lb></s><s>I for my part will return to my incredulity, and to the confidence 

<lb></lb>I had that the Experiment hath been tried by the principal Au­

<lb></lb>thors who made uſe thereof, and that the event ſucceeded as they 

<lb></lb>affirm.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am aſſured that the effect will enſue as I tell you; for ſo 

<lb></lb>it is neceſſary that it ſhould: and I farther add, that you know your 

<lb></lb>ſelf that it cannot fall out otherwiſe, however you feign or ſeem to 

<lb></lb>feign that you know it not. </s><s>Yet I am ſo good at taming of wits, 

<lb></lb>that I will make you confeſs the ſame whether you will or no. </s><s>But 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſtands very mute, and yet, if I miſtake not, I ſaw him 

<lb></lb>make an offer to ſpeak ſomewhat.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I had an intent to ſay ſomething, but to tell you true, I 

<lb></lb>know not what it was; for the curioſity that you have moved in me, 

<lb></lb>by promiſing that you would force <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to diſcover the 

<lb></lb>knowledg which he would conceal from us, hath made me to de­

<lb></lb>poſe all other thoughts: therefore I pray you to make good your 

<lb></lb>vaunt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Provided that <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> do conſent to reply to what I 

<lb></lb>ſhall ask him, I will not fail to do it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I will anſwer what I know, aſſured that I ſhall not be 

<lb></lb>much put to it, for that of thoſe things which I hold to be falſe, 

<lb></lb>I think nothing can be known, in regard that Science reſpecteth 

<lb></lb>truths and not falſhoods.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I deſire not that you ſhould ſay or reply, that you know 

<lb></lb>any thing, ſave that which you moſt aſſuredly know. </s><s>Therefore 

<lb></lb>tell me; If you had here a flat ſuperficies as polite as a Looking­

<lb></lb>glaſs, and of a ſubſtance as hard as ſteel, and that it were not pa­

<lb></lb>ralel to the Horizon, but ſomewhat inclining, and that upon it 

<lb></lb>you did put a Ball perfectly ſpherical, and of a ſubſtance grave and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/135.jpg" pagenum="127"></pb>hard, as ſuppoſe of braſs; what think you it would do being let 

<lb></lb>go? </s><s>do not you believe (as for my part I do) that it would lie 

<lb></lb>ſtill?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>If that ſuperficies were inclining?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Yes; for ſo I have already ſuppoſed.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I cannot conceive how it ſhould lie ſtill: nay, I am 

<lb></lb>confident that it would move towards the declivity with much pro­

<lb></lb>penſneſs.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Take good heed what you ſay, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for I am 

<lb></lb>confident that it would lie ſtill in what ever place you ſhould lay 

<lb></lb>it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>So long as you make uſe of ſuch ſuppoſitions, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sal­

<lb></lb>viatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I ſhall ceaſe to wonder if you inferr moſt abſurd con­

<lb></lb>cluſions.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Are you aſſured, then, that it would freely move to­

<lb></lb>wards the declivity?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Who doubts it?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And this you verily believe, not becauſe I told you ſo, 

<lb></lb>(for I endeavoured to perſwade you to think the contrary) but of 

<lb></lb>your ſelf, and upon your natural judgment.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Now I ſee what you would be at; you ſpoke not this 

<lb></lb>as really believing the ſame; but to try me, and to wreſt matter 

<lb></lb>out of my own mouth wherewith to condemn me.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You are in the right. </s><s>And how long would that Ball 

<lb></lb>move, and with what velocity? </s><s>But take notice that I inſtanced 

<lb></lb>in a Ball exactly round, and a plain exquiſitely poliſhed, that all 

<lb></lb>external and accidental impediments might be taken away. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>ſo would I have you remove all obſtructions cauſed by the Airs re­

<lb></lb>ſiſtance to diviſion, and all other caſual obſtacles, if any other 

<lb></lb>there can be.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I very well underſtand your meaning, and as to your 

<lb></lb>demand, I anſwer, that the Ball would continue to move <emph type="italics"></emph>in in­

<lb></lb>finitum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if the inclination of the plain ſhould ſo long laſt, and con­

<lb></lb>tinually with an accelerating motion; for ſuch is the nature of 

<lb></lb>ponderous moveables, that <emph type="italics"></emph>vires acquirant eundo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: and the great­

<lb></lb>er the declivity was, the greater the velocity would be.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But if one ſhould require that that Ball ſhould move 

<lb></lb>upwards on that ſame ſuperficies, do you believe that it would 

<lb></lb>ſo do?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Not ſpontaneouſly; but being drawn, or violently 

<lb></lb>thrown, it may.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And in caſe it were thruſt forward by the impreſſion of 

<lb></lb>ſome violent <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from without, what and how great would 

<lb></lb>its motion be?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>The motion would go continually decreaſing and re­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/136.jpg" pagenum="128"></pb>tarding, as being contrary to nature; and would be longer or 

<lb></lb>ſhorter, according to the greater or leſs impulſe, and according to 

<lb></lb>the greater or leſs acclivity.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It ſeems, then, that hitherto you have explained to me 

<lb></lb>the accidents of a moveable upon two different Planes; and that 

<lb></lb>in the inclining plane, the grave moveable doth ſpontaneouſly de­

<lb></lb>ſcend, and goeth continually accelerating, and that to retain it in 

<lb></lb>reſt, force muſt be uſed therein: but that on the aſcending plane, 

<lb></lb>there is required a force to thruſt it forward, and alſo to ſtay it in 

<lb></lb>reſt, and that the motion impreſſed goeth continually diminiſhing, 

<lb></lb>till that in the end it cometh to nothing. </s><s>You ſay yet farther, 

<lb></lb>that in both the one and the other caſe, there do ariſe differences 

<lb></lb>from the planes having a greater or leſs declivity or acclivity; ſo 

<lb></lb>that the greater inclination is attended with the greater velocity; 

<lb></lb>and contrariwiſe, upon the aſcending plane, the ſame moveable 

<lb></lb>thrown with the ſame force, moveth a greater diſtance, by how 

<lb></lb>much the elevation is leſs. </s><s>Now tell me, what would befall the 

<lb></lb>ſame moveable upon a ſuperficies that had neither acclivity nor 

<lb></lb>declivity?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Here you muſt give me a little time to conſider of an 

<lb></lb>anſwer. </s><s>There being no declivity, there can be no natural incli­

<lb></lb>nation to motion: and there being no acclivity, there can be no 

<lb></lb>reſiſtance to being moved; ſo that there would ariſe an indiffe­

<lb></lb>rence between propenſion and reſiſtance of motion; therefore, 

<lb></lb>methinks it ought naturally to ſtand ſtill. </s><s>But I had forgot my 

<lb></lb>ſelf: it was but even now that <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> gave me to underſtand 

<lb></lb>that it would ſo do.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So I think, provided one did lay it down gently: but 

<lb></lb>if it had an <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> given it towards any part, what would fol­

<lb></lb>low?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There would follow, that it ſhould move towards that 

<lb></lb>part.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But with what kind of motion? </s><s>with the continually 

<lb></lb>accelerated, as in declining planes; or with the ſucceſſively re­

<lb></lb>tarded, as in thoſe aſcending.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I cannot tell how to diſcover any cauſe of acceleration, 

<lb></lb>or retardation, there being no declivity or acclivity.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Well: but if there be no cauſe of retardation, much 

<lb></lb>leſs ought there to be any cauſe of reſt. </s><s>How long therefore 

<lb></lb>would you have the moveable to move?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>As long as that ſuperficies, neither inclined nor decli­

<lb></lb>ned ſhall laſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore if ſuch a ſpace were interminate, the motion 

<lb></lb>upon the ſame would likewiſe have no termination, that is, would 

<lb></lb>be perpetual.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/137.jpg" pagenum="129"></pb><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think ſo, if ſo be the moveable be of a matter 

<lb></lb>durable.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>That hath been already ſuppoſed, when it was ſaid, 

<lb></lb>that all external and accidental impediments were removed, and 

<lb></lb>the brittleneſſe of the moveable in this our caſe, is one of thoſe 

<lb></lb>impediments accidental. </s><s>Tell me now, what do you think is the 

<lb></lb>cauſe that that ſame Ball moveth ſpontaneouſly upon the inclining 

<lb></lb>plane, and not without violence upon the erected?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Becauſe the inclination of grave bodies is to move to­

<lb></lb>wards the centre of the Earth, and onely by violence upwards to­

<lb></lb>wards the circumference; and the inclining ſuperficies is that 

<lb></lb>which acquireth vicinity to the centre, and the aſcending one, 

<lb></lb>remoteneſſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore a ſuperficies, which ſhould be neither de­

<lb></lb>clining nor aſcending, ought in all its parts to be equally di­

<lb></lb>ſtant from the centre. </s><s>But is there any ſuch ſuperficies in the 

<lb></lb>World?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There is no want thereof: Such is our Terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe, if it were more even, and not as it is rough and montai­

<lb></lb>nous; but you have that of the Water, at ſuch time as it is calm 

<lb></lb>and ſtill.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then a ſhip which moveth in a calm at Sea, is one of 

<lb></lb>thoſe moveables, which run along one of thoſe ſuperficies that 

<lb></lb>are neither declining nor aſcending, and therefore diſpoſed, in 

<lb></lb>caſe all obſtacles external and accidental were removed, to move 

<lb></lb>with the impulſe once imparted inceſſantly and uniformly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It ſhould ſeem to be ſo.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And that ſtone which is on the round top, doth not it 

<lb></lb>move, as being together with the ſhip carried about by the cir­

<lb></lb>cumference of a Circle about the Centre; and therefore conſe­

<lb></lb>quently by a motion in it indelible, if all extern obſtacles be 

<lb></lb>removed? </s><s>And is not this motion as ſwift as that of the ſhip.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Hitherto all is well. </s><s>But what followeth?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then in good time recant, I pray you, that your laſt 

<lb></lb>concluſion, if you are ſatisfied with the truth of all the pre­

<lb></lb>miſes.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>By my laſt concluſion, you mean, That that ſame 

<lb></lb>ſtone moving with a motion indelibly impreſſed upon it, is not to 

<lb></lb>leave, nay rather is to follow the ſhip, and in the end to light in 

<lb></lb>the ſelf ſame place, where it falleth when the ſhip lyeth ſtill; and 

<lb></lb>ſo I alſo grant it would do, in caſe there were no outward impe­

<lb></lb>diments that might diſturb the ſtones motion, after its being let 

<lb></lb>go, the which impediments are two, the one is the moveables 

<lb></lb>inability to break through the air with its meer <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> onely, it 

<lb></lb>being deprived of that of the ſtrength of Oars, of which it had 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/138.jpg" pagenum="130"></pb>been partaker, as part of the ſhip, at the time that it was upon 

<lb></lb>the Maſt; the other is the new motion of deſcent, which alſo 

<lb></lb>muſt needs be an hinderance of that other progreſſive motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>As to the impediment of the Air, I do not deny it 

<lb></lb>you; and if the thing falling were a light matter, as a feather, 

<lb></lb>or a lock of wool, the retardation would be very great, but in 

<lb></lb>an heavy ſtone is very exceeding ſmall. </s><s>And you your ſelf but 

<lb></lb>even now did ſay, that the force of the moſt impetuous wind 

<lb></lb>ſufficeth not to ſtir a great ſtone from its place; now do but con­

<lb></lb>ſider what the calmer air is able to do, being encountred by a 

<lb></lb>ſtone no more ſwift than the whole ſhip. </s><s>Nevertheleſſe, as I ſaid 

<lb></lb>before, I do allow you this ſmall effect, that may depend upon 

<lb></lb>ſuch an impediment; like as I know, that you will grant to me, 

<lb></lb>that if the air ſhould move with the ſame velocity that the ſhip 

<lb></lb>and ſtone hath, then the impediment would be nothing at all. 

<lb></lb></s><s>As to the other of the additional motion downwards; in the firſt 

<lb></lb>place it is manifeſt, that theſe two, I mean the circular, about 

<lb></lb>the centre, and the ſtreight, towards the centre, are not contra­

<lb></lb>ries, or deſtructive to one another, or incompatible. </s><s>Becauſe that 

<lb></lb>as to the moveable, it hath no repugnance at all to ſuch motions, 

<lb></lb>for you your ſelf have already confeſt the repugnance to be a­

<lb></lb>gainſt the motion which removeth from the centre, and the incli­

<lb></lb>nation to be towards the motion which approacheth to the centre. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Whence it doth of neceſſity follow, that the moveable hath nei­

<lb></lb>ther repugnance, nor propenſion to the motion which neither ap­

<lb></lb>proacheth, nor goeth from the centre, nor conſequently is there 

<lb></lb>any cauſe for the diminiſhing in it the faculty impreſſed. </s><s>And for­

<lb></lb>aſmuch as the moving cauſe is not one alone, which it hath at­

<lb></lb>tained by the new operation of retardation; but that they are 

<lb></lb>two, diſtinct from each other, of which, the gravity attends on­

<lb></lb>ly to the drawing of the moveable towards the centre, and the 

<lb></lb>vertue impreſs&#039;t to the conducting it about the centre, there re­

<lb></lb>maineth no occaſion of impediment.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>Your argumentation, to give you your due, is very 

<lb></lb>probable; but in reality it is invelloped with certain intricacies, 

<lb></lb>that are not eaſie to be extricated. </s><s>You have all along built upon 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg317"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>a ſuppoſition, which the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Schools will not eaſily grant 

<lb></lb>you, as being directly contrary to <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and it is to take for 

<lb></lb>known and manifeſt, That the project ſeparated from the proji­

<lb></lb>cient, continueth the motion by <emph type="italics"></emph>vertue impreſſed<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> on it by the 

<lb></lb>ſaid projicient, which <emph type="italics"></emph>vertue impreſſed<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is a thing as much dete­

<lb></lb>ſted in <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Philoſophy, as the paſſage of any accident 

<lb></lb>from one ſubject into another. </s><s>Which doctrine doth hold, as I 

<lb></lb>believe it is well known unto you, that the project is carried by 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which in our caſe happeneth to be the Air. </s><s>And 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/139.jpg" pagenum="131"></pb>therefore if that ſtone let fall from the round top, ought to fol­

<lb></lb>low the motion of the ſhip, that effect ſhould be aſcribed to the 

<lb></lb>Air, and not to the vertue impreſſed. </s><s>But you preſuppoſe that 

<lb></lb>the Air doth not follow the motion of the ſhip, but is tranquil. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Moreover, he that letteth it fall, is not to throw it, or to give 

<lb></lb>it <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with his arm, but ought barely to open his hand and let 

<lb></lb>it go; and by this means, the ſtone, neither through the vertue 

<lb></lb>impreſſed by the projicient, nor through the help of the Air, 

<lb></lb>ſhall be able to follow the ſhips motion, and therefore ſhall be 

<lb></lb>left behind.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg317"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The project ac­

<lb></lb>cording to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſto­

<lb></lb>tle, <emph type="italics"></emph>is not moved by 

<lb></lb>vertue impreſſed, 

<lb></lb>but by the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> medium.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I think then that you would ſay, that if the ſtone be 

<lb></lb>not thrown by the arm of that perſon, it is no longer a pro­

<lb></lb>jection.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>It cannot be properly called a motion of projection.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So then that which <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſpeaks of the motion, the 

<lb></lb>moveable, and the mover of the projects, hath nothing to do 

<lb></lb>with the buſineſſe in hand; and if it concern not our purpoſe, 

<lb></lb>why do you alledg the ſame?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I produce it on the oceaſion of that impreſſed vertue, 

<lb></lb>named and introduced by you, which having no being in the 

<lb></lb>World, can be of no force; for <emph type="italics"></emph>non-entium nullæ ſunt operatio­

<lb></lb>nes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and therefore not onely of projected, but of all other pre­

<lb></lb>ternatural motions, the moving cauſe ought to be aſcribed to the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of which there hath been no due conſideration had; 

<lb></lb>and therefore all that hath been ſaid hitherto is to no purpoſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Go to now, in good time. </s><s>But tell me, ſeeing that 

<lb></lb>your inſtance is wholly grounded upon the nullity of the vertue 

<lb></lb>impreſſed, if I ſhall demonſtrate to you, that the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath 

<lb></lb>nothing to do in the continuation of projects, after they are ſe­

<lb></lb>patated from the projicient, will you admit of the impreſſed ver­

<lb></lb>tue, or will you make another attempt to overthrow it?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The operation of the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> being removed, I ſee not 

<lb></lb>how one can have recourſe to any thing elſe ſave the faculty im­

<lb></lb>preſſed by the mover.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It would be well, for the removing, as much as is 

<lb></lb>poſſible, the occaſions of multiplying contentions, that you 

<lb></lb>would explain with as much diſtinctneſſe as may be, what is that 

<lb></lb>operation of the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in continuing the motion of the project.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg318"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg318"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Operation of the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>medium <emph type="italics"></emph>in continu­

<lb></lb>ing the motion of 

<lb></lb>the project.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The projicient hath the ſtone in his hand, and with 

<lb></lb>force and violence throws his arm, with which jactation the 

<lb></lb>ſtone doth not move ſo much as the circumambient Air; ſo that 

<lb></lb>when the ſtone at its being forſaken by the hand, findeth it ſelf 

<lb></lb>in the Air, which at the ſame time moveth with impetouſity, it 

<lb></lb>is thereby born away; for, if the air did not operate, the ſtone 

<lb></lb>would fall at the foot of the projicient or thrower.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/140.jpg" pagenum="132"></pb><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg319"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg319"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Many experi­

<lb></lb>ments, and rea­

<lb></lb>ſons againſt the 

<lb></lb>cauſe of the moti­

<lb></lb>on of projects, aſ­

<lb></lb>ſigned by<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſtotle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And was you ſo credulous, as to ſuffer your ſelf to be 

<lb></lb>perſwaded to believe theſe fopperies, ſo long as you had your 

<lb></lb>ſenſes about you to confute them, and to underſtand the 

<lb></lb>truth thereof? </s><s>Therefore tell me, that great ſtone, and that 

<lb></lb>Canon bullet, which but onely laid upon a table, did continue 

<lb></lb>immoveable againſt the moſt impetuous winds, according as you a 

<lb></lb>little before did affirm, if it had been a ball of cork or other light 

<lb></lb>ſtuffe, think you that the wind would have removed it from its 

<lb></lb>place?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. Yes, and I am aſſured that it would have blown it 

<lb></lb>quite away, and with ſo much more velocity, by how much the 

<lb></lb>matter was lighter, for upon this reaſon we ſee the clouds to be 

<lb></lb>tranſported with a velocity equal to that of the wind that drives 

<lb></lb>them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And what is the Wind?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The Wind is defined to be nothing elſe but air moved.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then the moved air doth carry light things more 

<lb></lb>ſwiftly, and to a greater diſtance, then it doth heavy.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Yes certainly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But if you were to throw with your arm a ſtone, and a 

<lb></lb>lock of cotton wool, which would move ſwiſteſt and fartheſt?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The ſtone by much; nay the wool would fall at my 

<lb></lb>feet.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. But, if that which moveth the projected ſubſtance, af­

<lb></lb>ter it is delivered from the hand, be no other than the air moved 

<lb></lb>by the arm, and the moved air do more eaſily bear away light 

<lb></lb>than grave matters, how cometh it that the project of wool flieth 

<lb></lb>not farther, and ſwifter than that of ſtone? </s><s>Certainly it argu­

<lb></lb>eth that the ſtone hath ſome other impulſe beſides the motion of 

<lb></lb>the air. </s><s>Furthermore, if two ſtrings of equal length did hang 

<lb></lb>at yonder beam, and at the end of one there was faſtened a bul­

<lb></lb>let of lead, and a ball of cotton wool at the other, and both 

<lb></lb>were carried to an equal diſtance from the perpendicular, and 

<lb></lb>then let go; it is not to be doubted, but that both the one and 

<lb></lb>the other would move towards the perpendicular, and that being 

<lb></lb>carried by their own <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> they would go a certain ſpace be­

<lb></lb>yond it, and afterwards return thither again. </s><s>But which of theſe 

<lb></lb>two pendent Globes do you think, would continue longeſt in mo­

<lb></lb>tion, before that it would come to reſt in its perpendicularity?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The ball of lead would ſwing to and again many times, 

<lb></lb>and that of wool but two or three at the moſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that that <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and that <emph type="italics"></emph>mobility<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whatſoever is 

<lb></lb>the cauſe thereof, would conſerve its ſelf longer in grave ſub­

<lb></lb>ſtances, than light; I proceed now to another particular, and de­

<lb></lb>mand of you, why the air doth not carry away that Lemon 

<lb></lb>which is upon that ſame Table?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/141.jpg" pagenum="133"></pb><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Becauſe that the air it ſelf is not moved</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is requiſite then, that the projicient do confer mo­

<lb></lb>tion on the Air, with which it afterward moveth the project. </s><s>But 

<lb></lb>if ſuch a motion cannot be impreſſed [<emph type="italics"></emph>i. </s><s>e. </s><s>imparted<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>] it being im­

<lb></lb>poſſible to make an accident paſſe out of one ſubject into another, 

<lb></lb>how can it paſſe from the arm into the Air? </s><s>Will you ſay that the 

<lb></lb>Air is not a ſubject different from the arm?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>To this it is anſwered that the Air, in regard it is nei­

<lb></lb>ther heavy nor light in its own Region, is diſpoſed with facility to 

<lb></lb>receive every impulſe, and alſo to retain the ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But if thoſe <emph type="italics"></emph>penduli<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> even now named, did prove 

<lb></lb>unto us, that the moveable, the leſſe it had of gravity, the leſſe 

<lb></lb>apt it was to conſerve its motion, how can it be that the Air 

<lb></lb>which in the Air hath no gravity at all, doth of it ſelf alone re­

<lb></lb>tain the motion acquired? </s><s>I believe, and know that you by this 

<lb></lb>time are of the ſame opinion, that the arm doth not ſooner re­

<lb></lb>turn to reſt, than doth the circumambient Air. </s><s>Let&#039;s go into the 

<lb></lb>Chamber, and with a towel let us agitate the Air as much as we 

<lb></lb>can, and then holding the cloth ſtill, let a little candle be 

<lb></lb>brought, that was lighted in the next room, or in the ſame place 

<lb></lb>let a leaf of beaten Gold be left at liberty to flie any wav, and you 

<lb></lb>ſhall by the calm vagation of them be aſſured that the Air is imme­

<lb></lb>diately reduced to tranquilty. </s><s>I could alledg many other experi­

<lb></lb>ments to the ſame purpoſe, but if one of theſe ſhould not ſuf­

<lb></lb>fice, I ſhould think your folly altogether incurable.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>When an arrow is ſhot againſt the Wind, how incredi­

<lb></lb>ble a thing is it, that that ſame ſmall filament of air, impelled by 

<lb></lb>the bow-ſtring, ſhould in deſpite of fate go along with the arrow? 

<lb></lb></s><s>But I would willingly know another particular of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to 

<lb></lb>which I intreat <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> would vouchſafe me an anſwer. </s><s>Sup­

<lb></lb>poſing that with the ſame Bow there were ſhot two arrows, one 

<lb></lb>juſt after the uſual manner, and the other ſide-wayes, placing it 

<lb></lb>long-wayes upon the Bow-ſtring, and then letting it flie, I would 

<lb></lb>know which of them would go fartheſt. </s><s>Favour me, I pray you 

<lb></lb>with an anſwer, though the queſtion may ſeem to you rather 

<lb></lb>ridiculous than otherwiſe; and excuſe me, for that I, who am, as 

<lb></lb>you ſee, rather blockiſh, than not, can reach no higher with my 

<lb></lb>ſpeculative faculty.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMPL. </s><s>I have never ſeen an arrow ſhot in that manner, yet 

<lb></lb>nevertheleſſe I believe, that it would not flie ſide-long, the 

<lb></lb>twentieth part of the ſpace that it goeth end-wayes.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And for that I am of the ſame opinion, hence it is, that 

<lb></lb>I have a doubt riſen in me, whether <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> doth not contradict 

<lb></lb>experience. </s><s>For as to experience, if I lay two arrows upon this 

<lb></lb>Table, in a time when a ſtrong Wind bloweth, one towards 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/142.jpg" pagenum="134"></pb>the courſe of the wind, and the other ſidelong, the wind will 

<lb></lb>quickly carry away this later, and leave the other where it was; 

<lb></lb>and the ſame to my ſeeming, ought to happen, if the Doctrine of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> were true, of thoſe two ſhot out of a Bow: foraſmuch 

<lb></lb>as the arrow ſhot ſideways is driven by a great quantity of Air, 

<lb></lb>moved by the bowſtring, to wit by as much as the ſaid ſtring is 

<lb></lb>long, whereas the other arrow receiveth no greater a quantity of 

<lb></lb>air, than the ſmall circle of the ſtrings thickneſs. </s><s>And I cannot 

<lb></lb>imagine what may be the reaſon of ſuch a difference, but would 

<lb></lb>fain know the ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The cauſe ſeemeth to me ſufficiently manifeſt; and it 

<lb></lb>is, becauſe the arrow ſhot endways, hath but a little quantity of 

<lb></lb>air to penetrate, and the other is to make its way through a quan­

<lb></lb>tity as great as its whole length.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then it ſeems the arrows ſhot, are to penetrate the air? 

<lb></lb></s><s>but if the air goeth along with them, yea, is that which carrieth 

<lb></lb>them, what penetration can they make therein? </s><s>Do you not ſee 

<lb></lb>that, in this caſe, the arrow would of neceſſity move with greater 

<lb></lb>velocity than the air? </s><s>and this greater velocity, what doth confer 

<lb></lb>it on the arrow? </s><s>Will you ſay the air giveth them a velocity 

<lb></lb>greater than its own? </s><s>Know then, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that the buſineſs 

<lb></lb>proceeds quite contrary to that which <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſaith, and that the </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg320"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> conferreth the motion on the project, is as falſe, as it is 

<lb></lb>true, that it is the onely thing which procureth its obſtruction; and 

<lb></lb>having known this, you ſhall underſtand without finding any thing 

<lb></lb>whereof to make queſtion, that if the air be really moved, it doth 

<lb></lb>much better carry the dart along with it longways, than endways, 

<lb></lb>for that the air which impelleth it in that poſture, is much, and in 

<lb></lb>this very little. </s><s>But ſhooting with the Bow, foraſmuch as the air 

<lb></lb>ſtands ſtill, the tranſverſe arrow, being to force its paſſage through 

<lb></lb>much air, comes to be much impeded, and the other that was nock&#039;t 

<lb></lb>eaſily overcometh the obſtruction of the ſmall quantity of air, 

<lb></lb>which oppoſeth it ſelf thereto.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg320"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> medium <emph type="italics"></emph>doth 

<lb></lb>impede and not cor­

<lb></lb>fer the motion of 

<lb></lb>projects.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>How many Propoſitions have I obſerved in <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>(meaning ſtill in Natural Philoſophy) that are not onely falſe, 

<lb></lb>but falſe in ſuch ſort, that its diametrical contrary is true, as it 

<lb></lb>happens in this caſe. </s><s>But purſuing the point in hand, I think that 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is perſwaded, that, from ſeeing the ſtone always to fall 

<lb></lb>in the ſame place, he cannot conjecture either the motion or ſta­

<lb></lb>bility of the Ship: and if what hath been hitherto ſpoken, 

<lb></lb>ſhould not ſuffice, there is the Experiment of the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which 

<lb></lb>may thorowly aſſure us thereof; in which experiment, the moſt 

<lb></lb>that could be ſeen would be, that the cadent moveable might be 

<lb></lb>left behind, if it were light, and that the air did not follow the 

<lb></lb>motion of the ſhip: but in caſe the air ſhould move with equal 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/143.jpg" pagenum="135"></pb>velocity, no imaginable diverſity could be found either in this, 

<lb></lb>or any other experiment whatſoever, as I am anon to tell you. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Now if in this caſe there appeareth no difference at all, what can 

<lb></lb>be pretended to be ſeen in the ſtone falling from the top of the 

<lb></lb>Tower, where the motion in gyration is not adventitious, and ac­

<lb></lb>cidental, but natural and eternal; and where the air exactly fol­

<lb></lb>loweth the motion of the Tower, and the Tower that of the Ter­

<lb></lb>reſtrial Globe? </s><s>have you any thing elſe to ſay, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> upon 

<lb></lb>this particular?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>No more but this, that I ſee not the mobility of the 

<lb></lb>Earth as yet proved.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Nor have I any intention at this time, but onely to 

<lb></lb>ſhew, that nothing can be concluded from the experiments alledg­

<lb></lb>ed by our adverſaries for convincing Arguments: as I think I 

<lb></lb>ſhall prove the others to be.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I beſeech you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> before you proceed any far­

<lb></lb>ther, to permit me to ſtart certain queſtions, which have been 

<lb></lb>rouling in my fancy all the while that you with ſo much patience 

<lb></lb>and equanimity, was minutely explaining to <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the expe­

<lb></lb>riment of the Ship.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We are here met with a purpoſe to diſpute, and it&#039;s fit 

<lb></lb>that every one ſhould move the difficulties that he meets withall, 

<lb></lb>for this is the way to come to the knowledg of the truth. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Therefore ſpeak freely.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If it be true, that the <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> wherewith the ſhip moves, 

<lb></lb>doth remain indelibly impreſſ&#039;d in the ſtone, after it is let fall from 

<lb></lb>the Maſt; and if it be farther true, that this motion brings no im­

<lb></lb>pediment or retardment to the motion directly downwards, na­

<lb></lb>tural to the ſtone: it&#039;s neceſſary, that there do an effect enſue of 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg321"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>a very wonderful nature. </s><s>Let a Ship be ſuppoſed to ſtand ſtill, 

<lb></lb>and let the time of the falling of a ſtone from the Maſts Round-top 

<lb></lb>to the ground, be two beats of the pulſe; let the Ship afterwards 

<lb></lb>be under ſail, and let the ſame ſtone depart from the ſame place, 

<lb></lb>and it, according to what hath been premiſed, ſhall ſtill take up 

<lb></lb>the time of two pulſes in its fall, in which time the ſhip will have 

<lb></lb>run, ſuppoſe, twenty yards; To that the true motion of the ſtone 

<lb></lb>will be a tranſverſe line, conſiderably longer than the firſt ſtraight 

<lb></lb>and perpendicular line, which is the length of the ^{*} Maſt, and yet 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg322"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>nevertheleſs the ^{*} ſtone will have paſt it in the ſame time. </s><s>Let 

<lb></lb>it be farther ſuppoſed, that the Ships motion is much more accele­

<lb></lb>rated, ſo that the ſtone in falling ſhall be to paſs a tranſverſe line 

<lb></lb>much longer than the other; and in ſum, increaſing the Ships ve­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg323"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>locity as much as you will, the falling ſtone ſhall deſcribe its tranſ­

<lb></lb>verſe lines ſtill longer and longer, and yet ſhall paſs them all in 

<lb></lb>thoſe ſelf ſame two pulſes. </s><s>And in this faſhion, if a Canon were 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/144.jpg" pagenum="136"></pb>level&#039;d on the top of a Tower, and ſhots were made therewith 

<lb></lb>point blank, that is, paralel to the Horizon, let the Piece have a 

<lb></lb>greater or leſs charge, ſo as that the ball may fall ſometimes a 

<lb></lb>thouſand yards diſtant, ſometimes four thouſand, ſometimes ſix, 

<lb></lb>ſometimes ten, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and all theſe ſhots ſhall curry or finiſh their 

<lb></lb>ranges in times equal to each other, and every one equal to the 

<lb></lb>time which the ball would take to paſs from the mouth of the 

<lb></lb>Piece to the ground, being left, without other impulſe, to fall 

<lb></lb>ſimply downwards in a perpendicular line. </s><s>Now it ſeems a very 

<lb></lb>admirable thing, that in the ſame ſhort time of its falling perpen­

<lb></lb>dicularly down to the ground, from the height of, ſuppoſe, an 

<lb></lb>hundred yards, the ſame ball, being thruſt violently out of the 

<lb></lb>Piece by the Fire, ſhould be able to paſs one while four hundred, 

<lb></lb>another while a thouſand, another while four, another while ten 

<lb></lb>thouſand yards, ſo as that the ſaid ball in all ſhots made point 

<lb></lb>blank, always continueth an equal time in the air.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg321"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An admirable 

<lb></lb>accident in the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of projects.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg322"></margin.target>*By the length of 

<lb></lb>the maſt he means 

<lb></lb>the diſtance be­

<lb></lb>tween the upper­

<lb></lb>deck and Round­

<lb></lb>top.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg323"></margin.target>* La palla.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The conſideration for its novelty is very pretty, and if 

<lb></lb>the effect be true, very admirable: and of the truth thereof, I 

<lb></lb>make no queſtion: and were it not for the accidental impediment 

<lb></lb>of the air, I verily believe, that, if at the time of the balls going 

<lb></lb>out of the Piece, another were let fall from the ſame height di­

<lb></lb>rectly downwards, they would both come to the ground at the 

<lb></lb>ſame inſtant, though that ſhould have curried ten thouſand 

<lb></lb>miles in its range, and this but an hundred onely: preſuppoſing 

<lb></lb>the ſurface of the Earth to be equal, which to be aſſured of, the 

<lb></lb>experiment may be made upon ſome lake. </s><s>As for the impediment 

<lb></lb>which might come from the air, it would conſiſt in retarding the 

<lb></lb>extreme ſwift motion of the ſhot. </s><s>Now, if you think fit, we will 

<lb></lb>proceed to the ſolution of the other Objections, ſeeing that <emph type="italics"></emph>Sim­

<lb></lb>plicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (as far as I can ſee) is convinc&#039;d of the nullity of this firſt, 

<lb></lb>taken from things falling from on high downwards.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I find not all my ſcruples removed, but it may be the 

<lb></lb>fault is my own, as not being of ſo eaſie and quick an apprehenſion 

<lb></lb>as <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And it ſeems to me, that if this motion, of which 

<lb></lb>the ſtone did partake whilſt it was on the Round-top of the Ships 

<lb></lb>Maſt, be, as you ſay, to conſerve it ſelf indelibly in the ſaid ſtone, 

<lb></lb>even after it is ſeparated from the Ship, it would follow, that like­

<lb></lb>wiſe in caſe any one, riding a horſe that was upon his ſpeed, ſhould 

<lb></lb>let a bowl drop out of his hand, that bowl being fallen to the 

<lb></lb>ground would continue its motion and follow the horſes ſteps, 

<lb></lb>without tarrying behind him: the which effect, I believe, is not 

<lb></lb>to be ſeen, unleſs when he that is upon the horſe ſhould throw it 

<lb></lb>with violence that way towards which he runneth; but otherwiſe, 

<lb></lb>I believe it will ſtay on the ground in the ſame place where it 

<lb></lb>fell.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/145.jpg" pagenum="137"></pb><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I believe that you very much deceive your ſelf, and am 

<lb></lb>certain, that experience will ſhew you the contrary, and that the ball 

<lb></lb>being once arrived at the ground, will run together with the horſe, 

<lb></lb>not ſtaying behind him, unleſs ſo far as the aſperity and uneven­

<lb></lb>neſs of the Earth ſhall hinder it. </s><s>And the reaſon ſeems to me 

<lb></lb>very manifeſt: for if you, ſtanding ſtill, throw the ſaid ball a­

<lb></lb>long the ground, do you think it would not continue its motion 

<lb></lb>even after you had delivered it out of your hand? </s><s>and that for ſo 

<lb></lb>much a greater ſpace, by how much the ſuperficies were more 

<lb></lb>ſmooth, ſo that <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> upon ice it would run a great way?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There is no doubt of it, if I give it <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with my 

<lb></lb>arm; but in the other caſe it is ſuppoſed, that he who is upon the 

<lb></lb>horſe, onely drops it out of his hand:</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So I deſire that it ſhould be: but when you throw it 

<lb></lb>with your arm, what other remaineth to the ball being once gone 

<lb></lb>out of your hand, than the motion received from your arm, which 

<lb></lb>motion being conſerved in the boul, it doth continue to carry it 

<lb></lb>forward? </s><s>Now, what doth it import, that that <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> be con­

<lb></lb>ferred on the ball rather from the arm than from the horſe? </s><s>Whilſt 

<lb></lb>you were on horſeback, did not your hand, and conſequently the 

<lb></lb>ball run as faſt as the horſe it ſelf? </s><s>Doubtleſs it did: therefore 

<lb></lb>in onely opening of the hand, the ball departs with the motion al­

<lb></lb>ready conceived, not from your arm, by your particular motion, 

<lb></lb>but from the motion dependant on the ſaid horſe, which cometh to 

<lb></lb>be communicated to you, to your arm, to your hand, and laſtly to 

<lb></lb>the ball. </s><s>Nay, I will tell you farther, that if the rider upon his 

<lb></lb>ſpeed fling the ball with his arm to the part contrary to the courſe, 

<lb></lb>it ſhall, after it is fallen to the ground, ſometimes (albeit thrown to 

<lb></lb>the contrary part) follow the courſe of the horſe, and ſometimes lie 

<lb></lb>ſtill on the ground; and ſhall onely move contrary to the ſaid 

<lb></lb>courſe, when the motion received from the arm, ſhall exceed that 

<lb></lb>of the carrier in velocity. </s><s>And it is a vanity, that of ſome, who 

<lb></lb>ſay that a horſeman is able to caſt a javelin thorow the air, that 

<lb></lb>way which the horſe runs, and with the horſe to follow and over­

<lb></lb>take the ſame; and laſtly, to catch it again. </s><s>It is, I ſay, a vanity, 

<lb></lb>for that to make the project return into the hand, it is requiſite to 

<lb></lb>caſt it upwards, in the ſame manner as if you ſtood ſtill. </s><s>For, let 

<lb></lb>the carrier be never ſo ſwift, provided it be uniform, and the pro­

<lb></lb>ject not over-light, it ſhall always fall back again into the hand of 

<lb></lb>the projicient, though never ſo high thrown.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>By this Doctrine I come to know ſome Problems very 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg324"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>curious upon this ſubject of projections; the firſt of which muſt 

<lb></lb>ſeem very ſtrange to <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And the Problem is this; I af­

<lb></lb>firm it to be poſſible, that the ball being barely dropt or let fall, 

<lb></lb>by one that any way runneth very ſwiftly, being arrived at the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/146.jpg" pagenum="138"></pb>Earth, doth not onely follow the courſe of that perſon, but doth 

<lb></lb>much out go him. </s><s>Which Problem is connexed with this, that 

<lb></lb>the moveable being thrown by the projicient above the plane of 

<lb></lb>the Horizon, may acquire new velocity, greater by far than that 

<lb></lb>confer&#039;d upon it by the projicient. </s><s>The which effect I have with 

<lb></lb>admiration obſerved, in looking upon thoſe who uſe the ſport of 

<lb></lb>tops, which, ſo ſoon as they are ſet out of the hand, are ſeen to 

<lb></lb>move in the air with a certain velocity, the which they afterwards 

<lb></lb>much encreaſe at their coming to the ground; and if whipping 

<lb></lb>them, they rub at any uneven place that makes them skip on high, 

<lb></lb>they are ſeen to move very ſlowly through the air, and falling a­

<lb></lb>gain to the Earth, they ſtill come to move with a greater velocity: 

<lb></lb>But that which is yet more ſtrange, I have farther obſerved, that 

<lb></lb>they not onely turn always more ſwiftly on the ground, than in 

<lb></lb>the air, but of two ſpaces both upon the Earth, ſometimes a mo­

<lb></lb>tion in the ſecond ſpace is more ſwift than in the firſt. </s><s>Now what 

<lb></lb>would <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſay to this?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg324"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Sundry curious 

<lb></lb>Problems, touch­

<lb></lb>ing the motions of 

<lb></lb>projects.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>He would ſay in the firſt place, that he had never made 

<lb></lb>ſuch an obſervation. </s><s>Secondly, he would ſay, that he did not be­

<lb></lb>lieve the ſame. </s><s>He would ſay again, in the third place, that if 

<lb></lb>you could aſſure him thereof, and demonſtratively convince him of 

<lb></lb>the ſame, he would account you a great Dæmon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I hope then that it is one of the Socratick, not infernal 

<lb></lb>ones. </s><s>But that I may make you underſtand this particular, you 

<lb></lb>muſt know, that if a perſon apprehend not a truth of himſelf, it 

<lb></lb>is impoſſible that others ſhould make him underſtand it: I may in­

<lb></lb>deed inſtruct you in thoſe things which are neither true nor falſe; 

<lb></lb>but the true, that is, the neceſſary, namely, ſuch as it is impoſſible 

<lb></lb>ſhould be otherwiſe, every common capacity either comprehendeth 

<lb></lb>them of himſelf, or elſe it is impoſſible he ſhould ever know them. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And of this opinion I am confident is <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> alſo: and there­

<lb></lb>fore I tell you, that the reaſons of the preſent Problems are known 

<lb></lb>by you, but it may be, not apprehended.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Let us, for the preſent, paſs by that controverſie, and 

<lb></lb>permit me to plead ignorance of theſe things you ſpeak of, and try 

<lb></lb>whether you can make me capable of underſtanding theſe Pro­

<lb></lb>blems.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This firſt dependeth upon another, which is, Whence 

<lb></lb>cometh it, that ſetting a top with the laſh, it runneth farther, and 

<lb></lb>conſequently with greater force, than when its ſet with the fin­

<lb></lb>gers?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> alſo makes certain Problems about theſe kinds 

<lb></lb>of projects.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>He doth ſo; and very ingenious they are: particular­

<lb></lb>ly, That, Whence it cometh to paſs that round tops run better than 

<lb></lb>the ſquare?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/147.jpg" pagenum="139"></pb><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And cannot you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> give a reaſon for this, 

<lb></lb>without others prompting you?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Very good, I can ſo; but leave your jeering.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>In like manner you do know the reaſon of this other 

<lb></lb>alſo. </s><s>Tell me therefore; know you that a thing which moveth, 

<lb></lb>being impeded ſtands ſtill?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I know it doth, if the impediment be ſo great as to 

<lb></lb>ſuffice.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Do you know, that moving upon the Earth is a greater 

<lb></lb>impediment to the moveable, than moving in the air, the Earth be­

<lb></lb>ing rough and hard, and the air ſoft and yielding?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>And knowing this, I know that the top will turn faſter 

<lb></lb>in the air, than on the ground, ſo that my knowledg is quite con­

<lb></lb>trary to what you think it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Fair and ſoftly, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> You know that in the 

<lb></lb>parts of a moveable, that turneth about its centre, there are found 

<lb></lb>motions towards all ſides; ſo that ſome aſcend, others deſcend; 

<lb></lb>ſome go forwards, others backwards?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I know it, and <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> taught me the ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And with what demonſtration, I pray you?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>With that of ſenſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> then, hath made you ſee that which without 

<lb></lb>him you would not have ſeen? </s><s>Did he ever lend you his eyes? 

<lb></lb></s><s>You would ſay, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath told, advertiſed, remembered 

<lb></lb>you of the ſame; and not taught you it. </s><s>When then a top, with­

<lb></lb>out changing place, turns round, (or in the childrens phraſe, ſleep­

<lb></lb>eth) not paralel, but erect to the Horizon, ſome of its parts aſcend, 

<lb></lb>and the oppoſite deſcend; the ſuperiour go one way, the infe­

<lb></lb>riour another. </s><s>Fancie now to your ſelf, a top, that without chan­

<lb></lb>ging place, ſwiftly turns round in that manner, and ſtands ſuſpen­

<lb></lb>ded in the air, and that in that manner turning, it be let fall to the 

<lb></lb>Earth perpendicularly, do you believe, that when it is arrived at 

<lb></lb>the ground, it will continue to turn round in the ſame manner, 

<lb></lb>without changing place, as before?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. No, Sir.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>What will it do then?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It will run along the ground very faſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And towards what part?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Towards that, whither its ^{*}reeling carrieth it.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg325"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg325"></margin.target>* Vertigine.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>In its reeling there are parts, that is the uppermoſt, which 

<lb></lb>do move contrary to the inferiour; therefore you muſt inſtance 

<lb></lb>which it ſhall obey: for as to the parts aſcending and deſcending, 

<lb></lb>the one kind will not yield to the other; nor will they all go 

<lb></lb>downwards, being hindered by the Earth, nor upwards as being 

<lb></lb>heavy.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/148.jpg" pagenum="140"></pb><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The top will run reeling along the floor towards that 

<lb></lb>part whither its upper parts encline it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And why not whither the contrary parts tend, namely, 

<lb></lb>thoſe which touch the ground?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Becauſe thoſe upon the ground happen to be impeded 

<lb></lb>by the roughneſs of the touch, that is, by the floors unevenneſs; 

<lb></lb>but the ſuperiour, which are in the tenuous and flexible air, are 

<lb></lb>hindred very little, if at all; and therefore the top will obey their 

<lb></lb>inclination.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>So that that taction, if I may ſo ſay, of the neither 

<lb></lb>parts on the floor, is the cauſe that they ſtay, and onely the upper 

<lb></lb>parts ſpring the top forward.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And therefore, if the top ſhould fall upon the ice, or 

<lb></lb>other very ſmooth ſuperficies, it would not ſo well run forward, but 

<lb></lb>might peradventure continue to revolve in it ſelf, (or ſleep) with­

<lb></lb>out acquiring any progreſſive motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It is an eaſie thing for it ſo to do; but yet neverthe­

<lb></lb>leſs, it would not ſo ſpeedily come to ſleep, as when it falleth on 

<lb></lb>a ſuperficies ſomewhat rugged. </s><s>But tell me, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> when 

<lb></lb>the top turning round about it ſelf, in that manner, is let fall, why 

<lb></lb>doth it not move forwards in the air, as it doth afterwards when it 

<lb></lb>is upon the ground?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Becauſe having air above it, and beneath, neither thoſe 

<lb></lb>parts, nor theſe have any where to touch, and not having more oc­

<lb></lb>caſion to go forward than backward, it falls perpendicularly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>So then the onely reeling about its ſelf, without other 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> can drive the top forward, being arrived at the ground, 

<lb></lb>very nimbly. </s><s>Now proceed we to what remains. </s><s>That laſh, 

<lb></lb>which the driver tyeth to his Top-ſtick, and with which, winding 

<lb></lb>it about the top, he ſets it (<emph type="italics"></emph>i. </s><s>e.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> makes it go) what effect hath it on 

<lb></lb>the ſaid top?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It conſtrains it to turn round upon its toe, that ſo it may 

<lb></lb>free it ſelf from the Top-laſh.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>So then, when the top arriveth at the ground, it cometh 

<lb></lb>all the way turning about its ſelf, by means of the laſh. </s><s>Hath it 

<lb></lb>not reaſon then to move in it ſelf more ſwiftly upon the ground, 

<lb></lb>than it did whilſt it was in the air?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Yes doubtleſs; for in the air it had no other impulſe 

<lb></lb>than that of the arm of the projicient; and if it had alſo the reel­

<lb></lb>ing, this (as hath been ſaid) in the air drives it not forward at all: 

<lb></lb>but arriving at the floor, to the motion of the arm is added the 

<lb></lb>progreſſion of the reeling, whereby the velocity is redoubled. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>I know already very well, that the top skipping from the ground, 

<lb></lb>its velocity will deminiſh, becauſe the help of its circulation is 

<lb></lb>wanting; and returning to the Earth will get it again, and by that 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/149.jpg" pagenum="141"></pb>means move again faſter, than in the air. </s><s>It onely reſts for me to 

<lb></lb>underſtand, whether in this ſecond motion on the Earth it move 

<lb></lb>more ſwiftly, than in the firſt; for then it would move <emph type="italics"></emph>in infini­

<lb></lb>tum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> alwayes accelerating.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I did not abſolutely affirm, that this ſecond motion is 

<lb></lb>more ſwift than the firſt; but that it may happen ſo to be ſome­

<lb></lb>times.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This is that, which I apprehend not, and which I 

<lb></lb>deſire to know.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And this alſo you know of your ſelf. </s><s>Therefore tell 

<lb></lb>me: When you let the top fall out of your hand, without ma­

<lb></lb>king it turn round (<emph type="italics"></emph>i. </s><s>e.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſetting it) what will it do at its coming to 

<lb></lb>the ground?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. Nothing, but there lie ſtill.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>May it not chance, that in its fall to the ground it may 

<lb></lb>acquire a motion? </s><s>Think better on it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Unleſſe we let it fall upon ſome inclining ſtone, as 

<lb></lb>children do playing at ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Chioſa,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and that falling ſide-wayes upon </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg326"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the ſame, it do acquire the motion of turning round upon its toe, 

<lb></lb>wherewith it afterwards continueth to move progreſſively on the 

<lb></lb>floor, I know not in what other manner it can do any thing but 

<lb></lb>lie ſtill where it falleth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg326"></margin.target>* A Game in <emph type="italics"></emph>Italy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>which is, to glide 

<lb></lb>bullets down an 

<lb></lb>inclining ſtone, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You ſee then that in ſome caſe it may acquire a new 

<lb></lb>revolution. </s><s>When then the top jerked up from the ground, falleth 

<lb></lb>down again, why may it not caſually hit upon the declivity of 

<lb></lb>ſome ſtone fixed in the floor, and that hath an inclination that 

<lb></lb>way towards which it moveth, and acquiring by that ſlip a new 

<lb></lb>whirle over and above that conferred by the laſh, why may it 

<lb></lb>not redouble its motion, and make it ſwifter than it was at its 

<lb></lb>firſt lighting upon the ground?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Now I ſee that the ſame may eaſily happen. </s><s>And I 

<lb></lb>am thinking that if the top ſhould turn the contrary way, in ar­

<lb></lb>riving at the ground, it would work a contrary effect, that is, 

<lb></lb>the motion of the accidental whirl would retard that of the pro­

<lb></lb>jicient.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And it would ſometimes wholly retard and ſtop it, in 

<lb></lb>caſe the revolution of the top were very ſwift. </s><s>And from hence a­

<lb></lb>riſeth the reſolution of that ſlight, which the more skilful Tennis 

<lb></lb>Players uſe to their advantage; that is, to gull their adverſary by 

<lb></lb>cutting (for ſo is their Phraſe) the Ball; which is, to return it 

<lb></lb>with a ſide Rachet, in ſuch a manner, that it doth thereby ac­

<lb></lb>quire a motion by it ſelf contrary to the projected motion, and ſo 

<lb></lb>by that means, at its coming to the ground, the rebound, which 

<lb></lb>if the ball did not turn in that manner, would be towards the 

<lb></lb>adverſary, giving him the uſual time to toſſe it back again, doth 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/150.jpg" pagenum="142"></pb>fail, and the ball runs tripping along the ground, or rebounds leſſe 

<lb></lb>than uſual, and breaketh the time of the return. </s><s>Hence it is 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg327"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that you ſee, thoſe who play at ^{*} Stool-ball, when they play in 

<lb></lb>a ſtony way, or a place full of. </s><s>holes and rubs that make the ball 

<lb></lb>trip an hundred ſeveral wayes, never ſuffering it to come neer the 

<lb></lb>mark, to avoid them all, they do not trundle the ball upon the 

<lb></lb>ground, but throw it, as if they were to pitch a quait. </s><s>But be­

<lb></lb>cauſe in throwing the ball, it iſſueth out of the hand with ſome 

<lb></lb>roling conferred by the fingers, when ever the hand is under the 

<lb></lb>ball, as it is moſt commonly held; whereupon the ball in its lighting 

<lb></lb>on the ground neer to the mark, between the motion of the pro­

<lb></lb>jicient and that of the roling, would run a great way from the 

<lb></lb>ſame: To make the ball ſtay, they hold it artificially, with their 

<lb></lb>hand uppermoſt, and it undermoſt, which in its delivery hath 

<lb></lb>a contrary twirl or roling conferred upon it by the fingers, by 

<lb></lb>means whereof in its coming to the ground neer the mark it ſtays 

<lb></lb>there, or runs very very little forwards. </s><s>But to return to our 

<lb></lb>principal problem which gave occaſion for ſtarting theſe others; I 

<lb></lb>ſay it is poſſible that a perſon carried very ſwiftly, may let a ball 

<lb></lb>drop out of his hand, that being come to the Earth, ſhall not 

<lb></lb>onely follow his motion, but alſo out-go it, moving with a great­

<lb></lb>er velocity. </s><s>And to ſee ſuch an effect, I deſire that the courſe 

<lb></lb>may be that of a Chariot, to which on the out-ſide let a decli­

<lb></lb>ning board be faſtened; ſo as that the neither part may be towards 

<lb></lb>the horſes, and the upper towards the hind Wheel. </s><s>Now, if in 

<lb></lb>the Chariots full career, a man within it, let a ball fall gliding a­

<lb></lb>long the declivity of that board, it ſhall in roling downward ac­

<lb></lb>quire a particular <emph type="italics"></emph>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or turning, the which added to the 

<lb></lb>motion impreſſed by the Chariot, will carrie the ball along the 

<lb></lb>ground much faſter than the Chariot. </s><s>And if one accommodate 

<lb></lb>another declining board over againſt it, the motion of the Cha­

<lb></lb>riot may be qualified ſo, that the ball, gliding downwards along 

<lb></lb>the board, in its coming to the ground ſhall reſt immoveable, 

<lb></lb>and alſo ſhall ſometimes run the contrary way to the Chariot. </s><s>But 

<lb></lb>we are ſtrayed too far from the purpoſe, therefore if <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>be ſatisfied with the reſolution of the firſt argnment againſt the 

<lb></lb>Earths mobility, taken from things falling perpendicularly, we 

<lb></lb>may paſſe to the reſt</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg327"></margin.target>*A Game in <emph type="italics"></emph>Italy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>wherein they ſtrive 

<lb></lb>who ſhall trundle 

<lb></lb>or throw a wooden 

<lb></lb>bowle neereſt to an 

<lb></lb>aſſigned mark.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The digreſſions made hitherto, are not ſo alienated 

<lb></lb>from the matter in hand, as that one can ſay they are wholly 

<lb></lb>ſtrangers to it. </s><s>Beſides theſe argumentations depend on thoſe 

<lb></lb>things that ſtart up in the fancy not of one perſon, but of three, 

<lb></lb>that we are: And moreover we diſcourſe for our pleaſure, nor 

<lb></lb>are we obliged to that ſtrictneſſe of one who <emph type="italics"></emph>ex profeſſo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> treateth 

<lb></lb>methodically of an argument, with an intent to publiſh the ſame. 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/151.jpg" pagenum="143"></pb>I will not conſent that our Poem ſhould be ſo confined to that 

<lb></lb>unity, as not to leave us fields open for Epſody&#039;s, which every 

<lb></lb>ſmall connection ſhould ſuffice to introduce; but with almoſt as 

<lb></lb>much liberry as if we were met to tell ſtories, it ſhall be lawful 

<lb></lb>for me to ſpeak, what ever your diſcourſe brings into my mind.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I like this motion very well; and ſince we are at this 

<lb></lb>liberty, let me take leave, before we paſſe any farther to ask of 

<lb></lb>you <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whether you did ever conſider what that line may 

<lb></lb>be that is deſcribed by the grave moveable naturally falling down 

<lb></lb>from the top of a Tower; and if you have reflected on it, be 

<lb></lb>pleaſed to tell me what you think thereof.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have ſometimes conſidered of it, and make no que­

<lb></lb>ſtion, that if one could be certain of the nature of that motion 

<lb></lb>wherewith the grave body deſcendeth to approach the centre of 

<lb></lb>the Terreſtrial Globe, mixing it ſelf afterwards with the common 

<lb></lb>circular motion of the diurnal converſion; it might be exactly 

<lb></lb>found what kind of line that is, that the centre of gravity of the 

<lb></lb>moveable deſcribeth in thoſe two motions.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Touching the ſimple motion towards the centre de­

<lb></lb>pendent on the gravity, I think that one may confidently, with­

<lb></lb>out error, believe that it is by a right line, as it would be, were 

<lb></lb>the Earth immoveable.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>As to this particular, we may not onely believe it, but 

<lb></lb>experience rendereth us certain of the ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But how doth experience aſſure us thereof, if we ne­

<lb></lb>ver ſee any motions but ſuch as are compoſed of the two, circular 

<lb></lb>and deſcending.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Nay rather <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> we onely ſee the ſimple motion of 

<lb></lb>deſcent; ſince that other circular one common to the Earth, the 

<lb></lb>Tower and our ſelves remains imperceptible, and as if it never 

<lb></lb>were, and there remaineth perceptible to us that of the ſtone, one­

<lb></lb>ly not participated by us, and for this, ſenſe demonſtrateth that 

<lb></lb>it is by a right line, ever parallel to the ſaid Tower, which is 

<lb></lb>built upright and perpendicular upon the Terreſtrial ſurface.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You are in the right; and this was but too plainly de­

<lb></lb>monſtrated to me even now, ſeeing that I could not remember ſo 

<lb></lb>eaſie a thing; but this being ſo manifeſt, what more is it that you 

<lb></lb>ſay you deſire, for underſtanding the nature of this motion 

<lb></lb>downwards?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It ſufficeth not to know that it is ſtreight, but its requi­

<lb></lb>ſite to know whether it be uniform, or irregular; that is, whe­

<lb></lb>ther it maintain alwayes one and the ſame velocity, or elſe goeth 

<lb></lb>retarding or accelerating.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It is already clear, that it goeth continually accelle­

<lb></lb>rating.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/152.jpg" pagenum="144"></pb><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Neither doth this ſuffice, but its requiſite to know ac­

<lb></lb>cording to what proportion ſuch accelleration is made; a Pro­

<lb></lb>blem, that I believe was never hitherto underſtood by any Phi­

<lb></lb>loſopher or Mathematician; although Philoſophers, and particu­

<lb></lb>larly the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripateticks,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> have writ great and entire Volumes, 

<lb></lb>touching motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Philoſophers principally buſie themſelves about univer­

<lb></lb>ſals; they find the definitions and more common ſymptomes, o­

<lb></lb>mitting certain ſubtilties and niceties, which are rather curio­

<lb></lb>ſities to the Mathematicians. </s><s>And <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> did content himſelf 

<lb></lb>to deſine excellently what motion was in general; and of the lo­

<lb></lb>cal, to ſhew the principal qualities, to wit, that one is natural, 

<lb></lb>another violent; one is ſimple, another compound; one is 

<lb></lb>equal, another accellerate; and concerning the accelerate, con­

<lb></lb>tents himſelf to give the reaſon of acceleration, remitting the 

<lb></lb>finding out of the proportion of ſuch acceleration, and other 

<lb></lb>particular accidents to the Mechanitian, or other inferiour 

<lb></lb>Artiſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Very well <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> But you <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> when you 

<lb></lb>deſcend ſometimes from the Throne of <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Majeſty, 

<lb></lb>have you ever thrown away any of your hours in ſtudying to find 

<lb></lb>this proportion of the acceleration of the motion of deſcending 

<lb></lb>grave bodies?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>There was no need that I ſhould ſtudy for it, in regard 

<lb></lb>that the Academick our common friend, heretofore ſhewed me a 

<lb></lb>Treatiſe of his ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>De Motu,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> where this, and many other acci­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg328"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>dents were demonſtrated. </s><s>But it would be too great a digreſſion, 

<lb></lb>if for this particular, we ſhould interrupt our preſent diſcourſe, 

<lb></lb>(which yet it ſelf is alſo no better than a digreſſion) and make as 

<lb></lb>the Saying is, a Comedy within a Comedy.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg328"></margin.target>This is that ex­

<lb></lb>cellent tract which 

<lb></lb>we give the firſt 

<lb></lb>place in our ſecond 

<lb></lb>Volume.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am content to excuſe you from this narration for the 

<lb></lb>preſent, provided that this may be one of the Propoſitions reſer­

<lb></lb>ved to be examined amongſt the reſt in another particular meeting, 

<lb></lb>for that the knowledg thereof is by me very much deſired; and 

<lb></lb>in the mean time let us return to the line deſcribed by the grave 

<lb></lb>body in its fall from the top of the Tower to its baſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If the right motion towards the centre of the Earth was 

<lb></lb>uniforme, the circular towards the Eaſt being alſo uniforme, you 

<lb></lb>would ſee compoſed of them both a motion by a ſpiral line, of 

<lb></lb>that kind with thoſe defined by <emph type="italics"></emph>Archimedes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in his Book <emph type="italics"></emph>Dc Spira­

<lb></lb>libus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; which are, when a point moveth uniformly upon a right 

<lb></lb>line, whileſt that line in the mean time turneth uniformly about 

<lb></lb>one of its extreme points fixed, as the centre of his gyration. 

<lb></lb></s><s>But becauſe the right motion of grave bodies falling, is continu­

<lb></lb>ally accelerated, it is neceſſary, that the line reſulting of the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/153.jpg" pagenum="145"></pb>compoſition of the two motions do go alwayes receding with 

<lb></lb>greater and greater proportion from the circumference of that cir­

<lb></lb>cle, which the centre of the ſtones gravity would have deſigned, 

<lb></lb>if it had alwayes ſtaid upon the Tower; it followeth of neceſſity 

<lb></lb>that this receſſion at the firſt be but little, yea very ſinall, yea, 

<lb></lb>more, as ſmall as can be imagined, ſeeing that the deſcending 

<lb></lb>grave body departing from reſt, that is, from the privation of 

<lb></lb>motion, towards the bottom and entring into the right motion 

<lb></lb>downwards, it muſt needs paſſe through all the degrees of tardi­

<lb></lb>ty, that are betwixt reſt, and any aſſigned velocity; the which 

<lb></lb>degrees are infinite; as already hath been at large diſcourſed and 

<lb></lb>proved.</s></p><p type="main"><s>It being ſuppoſed therefore, that the progreſſe of the accele­

<lb></lb>ration being after this manner, and it being moreover true, that 

<lb></lb>the deſcending grave body goeth to terminate in the centre of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, it is neceſſary that the line of its mixt motion be ſuch, that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg329"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>it go continually receding with greater and greater proportion 

<lb></lb>from the top of the Tower, or to ſpeak more properly, from 

<lb></lb>the circumference of the circle deſcribed by the top of the Tower, 

<lb></lb>by means of the Earths converſion; but that ſuch receſſions be 

<lb></lb>leſſer and leſſer <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; by how much the moveable finds it 

<lb></lb>ſelf to be leſſe and leſſe removed from the firſt term where it 

<lb></lb>reſted. </s><s>Moreover it is neceſſary, that this line of the compound­

<lb></lb>ed motion do go to terminate in the centre of the Earth. </s><s>Now 

<lb></lb>having preſuppoſed theſe two things, I come to deſcribe about 

<lb></lb>the centre A [<emph type="italics"></emph>in Fig. </s><s>1. of this ſecond Dialogue<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;] with the ſemi­

<lb></lb>diameter A B, the circle B I, repreſenting to me the Terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe, and prolonging the ſemidiameter A B to C, I have de­

<lb></lb>ſcribed the height of the Tower B C; the which being carried 

<lb></lb>about by the Earth along the circumference B I, deſcribeth with 

<lb></lb>its top the arch C D: Dividing, in the next place, the line C A 

<lb></lb>in the middle at E; upon the centre E, at the diſtance E C, I de­

<lb></lb>ſcribe the ſemicircle C I A: In which, I now affirm, that it is very 

<lb></lb>probable that a ſtone falling from the top of the Tower C, doth 

<lb></lb>move, with a motion mixt of the circular, which is in common, 

<lb></lb>and of its peculiar right motion. </s><s>If therefore in the circumference 

<lb></lb>C D, certain equal parts C F, F G, G H, H L, be marked, and 

<lb></lb>from the points F, G, H, L, right lines be drawn towards the 

<lb></lb>centre A, the parts of them intercepted between the two cir­

<lb></lb>cumferences C D and B I, ſhall repreſent unto us the ſame 

<lb></lb>Tower C B, tranſported by the Terreſtrial Globe towards D I; 

<lb></lb>in which lines the points where they come to be interſected by the 

<lb></lb>arch of the ſemicircle C I, are the places by whichfrom time to 

<lb></lb>time the falling ſtone doth paſſe; which points go continually 

<lb></lb>with greater and greater proportion receding from the top of the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/154.jpg" pagenum="146"></pb>Tower. </s><s>And this is the cauſe why the right motion made along 

<lb></lb>the ſide of the Tower appeareth to us more and more accelerate. 

<lb></lb></s><s>It appeareth alſo, how by reaſon of the infinite acuteneſſe of 

<lb></lb>the contact of thoſe two circles D C, C I, the receſſion of the 

<lb></lb>cadent moveable from the circumference C F D; namely, from 

<lb></lb>the top of the Tower, is towards the beginning extream ſmall, 

<lb></lb>which is as much as if one ſaid its motion downwards is very ſlow, 

<lb></lb>and more and more ſlow <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> according to its vicinity to 

<lb></lb>the term C, that is to the ſtate of reſt. </s><s>And laſtly it is ſeen how 

<lb></lb>in the end this ſame motion goeth to terminate in the centre of the 

<lb></lb>Earth A.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg329"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The line deſcri­

<lb></lb>bed by a moveable 

<lb></lb>in its natural de­

<lb></lb>ſcent, the motion 

<lb></lb>of the Earth a­

<lb></lb>bout its own centre 

<lb></lb>being preſuppoſed, 

<lb></lb>would probably be 

<lb></lb>the circumference 

<lb></lb>of a circle.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I underſtand all this very well, nor can I perſwade my 

<lb></lb>ſelf that the falling moveable doth deſcribe with the centre of its 

<lb></lb>gravity any other line, but ſuch an one as this.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But ſtay a little <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for I am to acquaint you 

<lb></lb>alſo with three Obſervations of mine, that its poſſible will not diſ­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg330"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>pleaſe you. </s><s>The firſt of which is, that if we do well conſider, the 

<lb></lb>moveable moveth not really with any more than onely one motion 

<lb></lb>ſimply circular, as when being placed upon the Tower, it moved 

<lb></lb>with one ſingle and circular motion. </s><s>The ſecond is yet more plea­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg331"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſant; for, it moveth neither more nor leſſe then if it had ſtaid con­

<lb></lb>tinually upon the Tower, being that to the arches C F, F G, G H, 

<lb></lb>&amp;c. </s><s>that it would have paſſed continuing alwayes upon the Tower, 

<lb></lb>the arches of the circumference C I are exactly equal, anſwering 

<lb></lb>under the ſame C F, F G, G H, &amp;c. </s><s>Whence followeth the third 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg332"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>wonder, That the true and real motion of the ſtone is never acce­

<lb></lb>lerated, but alwayes even and uniforme, ſince that all the equal ar­

<lb></lb>ches noted in the circumference C D, and their reſpondent ones 

<lb></lb>marked in the circumference C I, are paſt in equal times; ſo that 

<lb></lb>we are left at liberty to ſeek new cauſes of acceleration, or of o­

<lb></lb>ther motions, ſeeing that the moveable, as well ſtanding upon the 

<lb></lb>Tower, as deſcending thence, alwayes moveth in the ſame faſhion, 

<lb></lb>that is, circularly, with the ſame velocity, and with the ſame uni­

<lb></lb>formity. </s><s>Now tell me what you think of this my fantaſtical con­

<lb></lb>jecture.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg330"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A moveable fal­

<lb></lb>ting from the top of 

<lb></lb>the Tower, moveth 

<lb></lb>in the circumfe­

<lb></lb>rence of a circle.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg331"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It moveth neither 

<lb></lb>more nor leſſe, than 

<lb></lb>if it had ſtaid al­

<lb></lb>wayes there.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg332"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It moveth with 

<lb></lb>an uniform, not 

<lb></lb>an accelerate mo­

<lb></lb>tion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I muſt tell you, that I cannot with words ſufficiently 

<lb></lb>expreſſe how admirable it ſeemeth to me; and for what at pre­

<lb></lb>ſent offereth it ſelf to my underſtanding, I cannot think that the 

<lb></lb>buſineſs happeneth otherwiſe; and would to God that all the 

<lb></lb>demonſtrations of Philoſophers were but half ſo probable as this. 

<lb></lb></s><s>However for my perfect ſatisfaction I would gladly hear how you 

<lb></lb>prove thoſe arches to be equal.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The demonſtration is moſt eaſie. </s><s>Suppoſe to your ſelf 

<lb></lb>a line drawn from I to E. </s><s>And the Semidiameter of the circle CD, 

<lb></lb>that is, the line C A, being double the Semidiameter C E of the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/155.jpg" pagenum="147"></pb>circle C I, the circumference ſhall be double to the circumference, 

<lb></lb>and every arch of the greater circle double to every like arch of 

<lb></lb>the leſſer; and conſequently, the half of the arch of the greater 

<lb></lb>circle, equal to the whole arch of the leſſe. </s><s>And becauſe the an­

<lb></lb>gle C E I made in the centre E of the leſſer circle, and which inſi­

<lb></lb>ſteth upon the arch C I, is double the angle C A D, made in the 

<lb></lb>centre A of the greater circle, to which the arch C D ſubtendeth; 

<lb></lb>therefore the arch C D is half of the arch of the greater circle like 

<lb></lb>to the arch C I, and therefore the two arches C D and C I are e­

<lb></lb>qual; and in the ſame manner we may demonſtrate of all their 

<lb></lb>parts. </s><s>But that the buſineſs, as to the motion of deſcending grave 

<lb></lb>bodies, proceedeth exactly thus, I will not at this time affirm; but 

<lb></lb>this I will ſay, that if the line deſcribed by the cadent moveable 

<lb></lb>be not exactly the ſame with this, it doth extream neerly reſemble 

<lb></lb>the ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But I, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> am juſt now conſidering another par­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg333"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ticular very admirable; and this it is; That admitting theſe con­

<lb></lb>ſiderations, the right motion doth go wholly ^{*} mounting, and that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg334"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Nature never makes uſe thereof, ſince that, even that that uſe, 

<lb></lb>which was from the beginning granted to it, which was of redu­

<lb></lb>cing the parts of integral bodies to their place, when they were 

<lb></lb>ſeparated from their whole, and therefore conſtituted in a depra­

<lb></lb>ved diſpoſition, is taken from it, and aſſigned to the circular 

<lb></lb>motion.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg333"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Right motion 

<lb></lb>ſeemeth wholly ex­

<lb></lb>cluded in nature.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg334"></margin.target>* Vadia del tutto a 

<lb></lb>monte, <emph type="italics"></emph>rendered in 

<lb></lb>the Latixe<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> omni­

<lb></lb>no peſſum eat.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This would neceſſarily follow, if it were concluded 

<lb></lb>that the Terreſtrial Globe moveth circularly; a thing, which I 

<lb></lb>pretend not to be done, but have onely hitherto attempted, as I 

<lb></lb>ſhall ſtill, to examine the ſtrength of thoſe reaſons, which have 

<lb></lb>been alledged by Philoſophers to prove the immobility of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, of which this firſt taken from things falling perpendicu­

<lb></lb>larly, hath begat the doubts, that have been mentioned; which 

<lb></lb>I know not of what force they may have ſeemed to <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; 

<lb></lb>and therefore before I paſſe to the examination of the remaining 

<lb></lb>arguments, it would be convenient that he produce what he hath 

<lb></lb>to reply to the contrary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>As to this firſt, I confeſſe indeed that I have heard 

<lb></lb>ſundry pretty notions, which I never thought upon before, and 

<lb></lb>in regard they are new unto me, I cannot have anſwers ſo ready 

<lb></lb>for them, but this argument taken from things falling perpendi­

<lb></lb>cularly, I eſteem it not one of the ſtrongeſt proofs of the mobi­

<lb></lb>lity of the Earth; and I know not what may happen touching the 

<lb></lb>ſhots of great Guns, eſpecially thoſe aimed contrary to the diur­

<lb></lb>nal motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The flying of the birds as much puzzleth me as the 

<lb></lb>objection of the Gun-ſhot, and all the other experiments above 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/156.jpg" pagenum="148"></pb>alledged. </s><s>For theſe birds which at their pleaſure flie for­

<lb></lb>wards and backwards, and wind to and again in a thouſand 

<lb></lb>faſhions, and, which more importeth, lie whole hours upon the 

<lb></lb>wing, theſe I ſay do not a little poſe me, nor do I ſee, how a­

<lb></lb>mongſt ſo many circumgyrations, they ſhould not loſe the motion 

<lb></lb>of the Earth, and how they ſhould be able to keep pace with 

<lb></lb>ſo great a velocity as that which they ſo far exceed with their flight.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>To ſpeak the truth, your ſcruple is not without reaſon, 

<lb></lb>and its poſſible <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf could not find an anſwer for it, 

<lb></lb>that was to himſelf entirely ſatisfactory; and therefore haply paſt 

<lb></lb>it over in ſilence albeit he was, indeed, very brief in examining 

<lb></lb>the other allegations of his adverſaries, I believe through his 

<lb></lb>height of wit, placed on greater aud ſublimer contemplations, 

<lb></lb>like as Lions are not much moved at the barking of little Dogs. 

<lb></lb></s><s>We will therefore reſerve the inſtance of birds to the laſt place, 

<lb></lb>and for the preſent, ſee if we can give <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſatisfaction in 

<lb></lb>the others, by ſhewing him in our wonted manner, that he him­

<lb></lb>ſelf hath their anſwers at hand, though upon firſt thoughts he doth 

<lb></lb>not diſcover them. </s><s>And to begin with the ſhots made at randome, 

<lb></lb>with the ſelf ſame piece, powder, and ball, the one towards the Eaſt, 

<lb></lb>the other towards the Weſt, let him tell me what it is that perſwades 

<lb></lb>him to think that the Range towards the Weſt (if the diurnal con­

<lb></lb>verſion belonged to the Earth) ought to be much longer than that 

<lb></lb>towards the Eaſt.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg335"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg335"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The reaſon why 

<lb></lb>a Gun ſhould ſiem 

<lb></lb>to carry farther to­

<lb></lb>wards the Weſt 

<lb></lb>than towards the 

<lb></lb>Eaſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I am moved ſo to think; becauſe in the ſhot made to­

<lb></lb>wards the Eaſt, the ball whil&#039;ſt it is out of the piece, is follow­

<lb></lb>ed by the ſaid piece, the which being carried round by the Earth, 

<lb></lb>runneth alſo with much velocity towards the ſame part, where­

<lb></lb>upon the fall of the ball to the ground, cometh to be but little 

<lb></lb>diſtant from the piece. </s><s>On the contrary in the ſhot towards the 

<lb></lb>Weſt, before that the ball falleth to the ground, the piece is re­

<lb></lb>tired very far towards the Eaſt, by which means the ſpace be­

<lb></lb>tween the ball and the piece, that is Range, will appear longer 

<lb></lb>than the other, by how much the piece, that is the Earth, had 

<lb></lb>run in the time that both the bals were in the air.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I could wiſh, that we did know ſome way to make an 

<lb></lb>experiment correſponding to the motion of theſe projects, as that 

<lb></lb>of the ſhip doth to the motion of things perpendicularly falling 

<lb></lb>from on high; and I am thinking how it may be done.</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg336"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg336"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The experiment 

<lb></lb>of a running cha­

<lb></lb>riot to find out the 

<lb></lb>difference of Ran­

<lb></lb>ges.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I believe, that it would be a very oppoſite proof, to 

<lb></lb>take an open Chariot, and to accomodate therein a ^{*}Stock-bow 

<lb></lb>at half elevation, to the end the flight may prove the greateſt </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg337"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that my be, and whil&#039;ſt the horſes ſhall run, to ſhoot firſt towards 

<lb></lb>the part whither you drive, and then another backwards towards 

<lb></lb>the contrary part, cauſing ſome one to mark diligently where 

<lb></lb>the Chariot was in that moment f time when the ſhaft came to 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/157.jpg" pagenum="149"></pb>the ground, as well in the one ſhot as in the other: for thus you 

<lb></lb>may ſee exactly how much one ſhaft flew farther than the other.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg337"></margin.target>* Baleſtrone da bol­

<lb></lb>zoni.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>In my thoughts this experiment is very proper: and I 

<lb></lb>do not doubt but that the flight, that is, the ſpace between the 

<lb></lb>ſhaft and the place where the chariot was at the ſhafts fall, will be 

<lb></lb>leſs by much when one ſhooteth towards the chariots courſe, than 

<lb></lb>when one ſhooteth the contrary way. </s><s>For an example, let the 

<lb></lb>flight of it ſelf be three hundred yards, and the courſe of the cha­

<lb></lb>riot in the time whilſt the ſhaft ſtayeth in the air, an hundred 

<lb></lb>yards, therefore ſhooting towards the courſe, of the three hundred 

<lb></lb>yards of the flight, the chariot will have gone one hundred; ſo 

<lb></lb>then at the ſhafts coming to the ground, the ſpace between it and 

<lb></lb>the chariot, ſhall be but two hundred yards onely; but on the 

<lb></lb>contrary, in the other ſhoot, the chariot running contrary to the 

<lb></lb>ſhaft, when the ſhaft ſhall have paſſed its three hundred yards, and 

<lb></lb>the chariot its other hundred the contrary way, the diſtance inter­

<lb></lb>poſing ſhall be found to be four hundred yards.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Is there any way to ſhoot ſo that theſe flights may be 

<lb></lb>equal?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I know no other way, unleſs by making the chariot to 

<lb></lb>ſtand ſtill.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This we know; but I mean when the chariot runneth 

<lb></lb>in full carreer.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>In that caſe you are to draw the Bow higher in ſhoot­

<lb></lb>ing forwards, and to ſlack it in ſhooting the contrary way.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then you ſee that there is one way more. </s><s>But how 

<lb></lb>much is the bow to be drawn, and how much ſlackened?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>In our caſe, where we have ſuppoſed that the bow car­

<lb></lb>ried three hundred yards, it would be requiſite to draw it ſo, as 

<lb></lb>that it might carry four hundred, and in the other to ſlacken it ſo, 

<lb></lb>as that it might carry no more than two hundred. </s><s>For ſo each 

<lb></lb>of the flights would be but three hundred in relation to the chariot, 

<lb></lb>the which, with its courſe of an hundred yards which it ſubſtracts 

<lb></lb>from the ſhoot of four hundred, and addeth to that of two hun­

<lb></lb>dred, would reduce them both to three hundred.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But what effect hath the greater or leſs intenſneſs of the 

<lb></lb>bow upon the ſhaft?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The ſtiffer bow carrieth it with greater velocity, and the 

<lb></lb>weaker with leſs; and the ſame ſhaft flieth ſo much farther at one 

<lb></lb>time than another, with how much greater velocity it goeth out of 

<lb></lb>the tiller at one time, than another.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that to make the ſhaft ſhot either way, to flie at e­

<lb></lb>qual diſtance from the running chariot, it is requiſite, that if in the 

<lb></lb>firſt ſhoot of the precedent example, it goeth out of the tiller with 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> four degrees of velocity, that then in the other ſhoot it de­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/158.jpg" pagenum="150"></pb>part but with two onely: but if the ſame bow be uſed, it always 

<lb></lb>receiveth thence three degrees.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It doth ſo; and for this reaſon, ſhooting with the 

<lb></lb>ſame bow in the chariots courſe, the ſhoots cannot be equal.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I had forgot to ask, with what velocity it is ſuppoſed in 

<lb></lb>this particular experiment, that the chariot runneth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The velocity of the chariot muſt be ſuppoſed to be one 

<lb></lb>degree in compariſon to that of the bow, which is three,</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Very right, for ſo computation gives it. </s><s>But tell me, 

<lb></lb>when the chariot moveth, doth not all things in the ſame move 

<lb></lb>with the ſame velocity?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Yes doubtleſs.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then ſo doth the ſhaft alſo, and the bow, and the ſtring, 

<lb></lb>upon which the ſhaft is nock&#039;t.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>They do ſo.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Why then, in diſcharging the ſhaft towards the courſe 

<lb></lb>of the chariot, the bow impreſſeth its three degrees of velocity on 

<lb></lb>a ſhaft that had one degree of velocity before, by means of the 

<lb></lb>chariot which tranſported it ſo faſt towards that part; ſo that in 

<lb></lb>its going off it hath four degrees of velocity. </s><s>On the contrary, 

<lb></lb>in the other ſhoot, the ſame bow conferreth its ſame three degrees 

<lb></lb>of velocity on a ſhaft that moveth the contrary way, with one de­

<lb></lb>gree; ſo that in its departing from the bow-ſtring, it hath no more 

<lb></lb>left but onely two degrees of velocity. </s><s>But you your ſelf have 

<lb></lb>already ſaid, that the way to make the ſhoots equal, is to cauſe 

<lb></lb>that the ſhaft be let flie the firſt time with four degrees of velocity, 

<lb></lb>and the ſecond time with two. </s><s>Therefore without changing the 

<lb></lb>bow, the very courſe of the chariot is that which adjuſteth the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg338"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>flights, and the experiment doth ſo repreſent them to any one who 

<lb></lb>is not either wilfully or naturally incapable of reaſon. </s><s>Now 

<lb></lb>apply this diſcourſe to Gunnery, and you ſhall find, that whether the 

<lb></lb>Earth move or ſtand ſtill, the ſhots made with the ſame force, will 

<lb></lb>always curry equal ranges, to what part ſoever aimed. </s><s>The error 

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle, Ptolomey, Iycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> your ſelf, and all the reſt, is ground­

<lb></lb>ed upon that fixed and ſtrong perſuaſion, that the Earth ſtandeth 

<lb></lb>ſtill, which you have not judgment nor power to depoſe, no not 

<lb></lb>when you have a deſire to argue of that which would enſue, pre­

<lb></lb>ſuppoſing the Earth to move. </s><s>And thus, in the other argument, 

<lb></lb>not conſidering that whil&#039;ſt the ſtone is upon the Tower, it doth, 

<lb></lb>as to moving or not moving, the ſame that the Terreſtrial Globe 

<lb></lb>doth, becauſe you have concluded with your ſelf, that the Earth 

<lb></lb>ſtands ſtill, you always diſcourſe touching the fall of the ſtone, as 

<lb></lb>if it were to depart from reſt: whereas it behooveth to ſay, that 

<lb></lb>if the Earth ſtandeth ſtill, the ſtone departeth from reſt, and de­

<lb></lb>ſcendeth perpendicularly; but if the Earth do move, the ſtone 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/159.jpg" pagenum="151"></pb>likewiſe moveth with like velocity, nor doth it depart from reſt, 

<lb></lb>but from a motion equal to that of the Earth, wherewith it inter­

<lb></lb>mixeth the ſupervenient motion of deſcent, and of thoſe two com­

<lb></lb>poſeth a third which is tranſverſal or ſide-ways.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg338"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſolution of 

<lb></lb>the argument ta­

<lb></lb>ken from great­

<lb></lb>Guns ſhot towards 

<lb></lb>the East &amp; Weſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But for Gods ſake, if it move tranſverſly, how is it that 

<lb></lb>I behold it to move directly and perpendicularly? </s><s>This is no bet­

<lb></lb>ter than the denial of manifeſt ſenſe; and if we may not believe 

<lb></lb>ſenſe, at what other door ſhall we enter into diſquiſitions of Philo­

<lb></lb>ſophy?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In reſpect to the Earth, to the Tower, and to our ſelves, 

<lb></lb>which all as one piece move with the diurnal motion together with 

<lb></lb>the ſtone, the diurnal motion is as if it never had been, and becom­

<lb></lb>eth inſenſible, imperceptible, and without any action at all; and 

<lb></lb>the onely motion which we can perceive, is that of which we par­

<lb></lb>take not, that is the deſcent gliding along the ſide of the Tower: 

<lb></lb>You are not the firſt that hath felt great repugnance in apprehen­

<lb></lb>ding this non-operating of motion upon things to which it is com­

<lb></lb>mon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Now I do remember a certain conceipt, that came one 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg339"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>day into my fancy, whilſt I ſailed in my voyage to <emph type="italics"></emph>Aleppo,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whither 

<lb></lb>I went Conſul for our Countrey, and poſſibly it may be of ſome 

<lb></lb>uſe, for explaining this nullity of operation of common motion, 

<lb></lb>and being as if it never were to all the partakers thereof. </s><s>And if 

<lb></lb>it ſtand with the good liking of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I will reaſon with 

<lb></lb>him upon that which then I thought of by my ſelf alone.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg339"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A notable caſe 

<lb></lb>of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Sagredus, <emph type="italics"></emph>to ſhew 

<lb></lb>the non-operating 

<lb></lb>of common motion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The novelty of the things which I hear, makes me not 

<lb></lb>ſo much a patient, as a greedy and curious auditor: therefore go 

<lb></lb>on.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If the neb of a writing pen, that I carried along with 

<lb></lb>me in the ſhip, through all my navigation from <emph type="italics"></emph>Venice<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Scan-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg340"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>deron,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> had had a facultie of leaving viſible marks of its whole voy­

<lb></lb>age, what ſigns, what marks, what lines would it have left?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg340"></margin.target>* Aleſſandretta.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It would have left a line diſtended from <emph type="italics"></emph>Venice<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> thither, 

<lb></lb>not perfectly ſtreight, or to ſay better, diſtended in a perfect arch 

<lb></lb>of a circle, but in ſome places more, in ſome leſs curved, according 

<lb></lb>as the veſſel had gone more or leſs fluctuating; but this its infle­

<lb></lb>cting in ſome places a fathom or two to the right hand or to the 

<lb></lb>left, upwards or downwards, in a length of many hundred miles, 

<lb></lb>would have brought but little alteration to the intire tract of the 

<lb></lb>line, ſo that it would have been hardly ſenſible; and without any 

<lb></lb>conſiderable error, might have been called the part of a perfect 

<lb></lb>arch.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>So that the true and moſt exact motion of the neb of 

<lb></lb>my pen would have alſo been an arch of a perfect circle, if the 

<lb></lb>veſſels motion, the fluctuation of the billows ceaſing, had been 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/160.jpg" pagenum="152"></pb>calm and tranquill. </s><s>And if I had continually held that pen in 

<lb></lb>my hand, and had onely moved it ſometimes an inch or two this 

<lb></lb>way or that way, what alteration ſhould I have made in that its 

<lb></lb>principal, and very long tract or ſtroke?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Leſs than that which the declining in ſeveral places from 

<lb></lb>abſolute rectitude, but the quantity of a flea&#039;s eye makes in a right 

<lb></lb>line of a thouſand yards long.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If a Painter, then, at our launching from the Port, had 

<lb></lb>began to deſign upon a paper with that pen, and continued his 

<lb></lb>work till he came to <emph type="italics"></emph>Scanderon,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> he would have been able to have 

<lb></lb>taken by its motion a perfect draught of all thoſe figures perfectly 

<lb></lb>interwoven and ſhadowed on ſeveral ſides with countreys, build­

<lb></lb>ings, living creatures, and other things; albeit all the true, real, 

<lb></lb>and eſſential motion traced out by the neb of that pen, would 

<lb></lb>have been no other than a very long, but ſimple line: and as to 

<lb></lb>the proper operation of the Painter, he would have delineated the 

<lb></lb>ſame to an hair, if the ſhip had ſtood ſtill. </s><s>That therefore of the 

<lb></lb>huge long motion of the pen there doth remain no other marks, 

<lb></lb>than thoſe tracks drawn upon the paper, the reaſon thereof is be­

<lb></lb>cauſe the grand motion from <emph type="italics"></emph>Venice<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to <emph type="italics"></emph>Scanderon,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> was common to 

<lb></lb>the paper, the pen, and all that which was in the ſhip: but the petty 

<lb></lb>motions forwards and backwards, to the right, to the left, com­

<lb></lb>municated by the fingers of the Painter unto the pen, and not to 

<lb></lb>the paper, as being peculiar thereunto, might leave marks of it ſelf 

<lb></lb>upon the paper, which did not move with that motion. </s><s>Thus it 

<lb></lb>is likewiſe true, that the Earth moving, the motion of the ſtone in 

<lb></lb>deſcending downwards, was really a long tract of many hundreds 

<lb></lb>and thouſands of yards, and if it could have been able to have de­

<lb></lb>lineated in a calm air, or other ſuperficies, the track of its courſe, 

<lb></lb>it would have left behind an huge long tranſverſe line. </s><s>But that 

<lb></lb>part of all this motion which is common to the ſtone, the Tower, 

<lb></lb>and our ſelves, is imperceptible to us, and as if it had never been, 

<lb></lb>and that part onely remaineth obſervable, of which neither the 

<lb></lb>Tower nor we are partakers, which is in fine, that wherewith the 

<lb></lb>ſtone falling meaſureth the Tower.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>A moſt witty conceipt to clear up this point, which was 

<lb></lb>not a little difficult to many capacities. </s><s>Now if <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will 

<lb></lb>make no farther reply, we may paſs to the other experiments, the 

<lb></lb>unfolding of which will receive no ſmall facility from the things 

<lb></lb>already declared.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I have nothing more to ſay: and I was well-nigh tranſ­

<lb></lb>ported with that delineation, and with thinking how thoſe ſtrokes 

<lb></lb>drawn ſo many ways, hither, thither, upwards, downwards, for­

<lb></lb>wards, backwards, and interwoven with thouſands of turnings, are 

<lb></lb>not eſſentially or really other, than ſmall pieces of one ſole line 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/161.jpg" pagenum="153"></pb>drawn all one way, and the ſame without any other alteration ſave 

<lb></lb>the declining the direct rectitude, ſometimes a very inſenſible mat­

<lb></lb>ter towards one ſide or another, and the pens moving its neb one 

<lb></lb>while ſofter, another while ſlower, but with very ſmall inequality. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And I think that it would in the ſame manner write a letter, and 

<lb></lb>that thoſe frollike penmen, who to ſhew their command of hand, 

<lb></lb>without taking their pen from the paper in one ſole ſtroke, with 

<lb></lb>infinite turnings draw a pleaſant knot, if they were in a boat that 

<lb></lb>did tide it along ſwiftly they would convert the whole motion 

<lb></lb>of the pen, which in reality is but one ſole line, drawn all towards 

<lb></lb>one and the ſame part, and very little curved, or declining from 

<lb></lb>perfect rectitude, into a knot or flouriſh. </s><s>And I am much pleaſed 

<lb></lb>that <emph type="italics"></emph>S agredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath helped me to this conceit: therefore let us go 

<lb></lb>on, for the hope of meeting with more of them, will make me the 

<lb></lb>ſtricter in my attention.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If you have a curioſity to hear ſuch like ſubtilties, which 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg341"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>occurr not thus to every one, you will find no want of them, eſpe­

<lb></lb>cially in this particular of Navigation; and do you not think that a 

<lb></lb>witty conceit which I met with likewiſe in the ſame voyage, when I 

<lb></lb>obſerved that the maſt of the ſhip, without either breaking or bend­

<lb></lb>ing, had made a greater voyage with its round-top, that is with its 

<lb></lb>top-gallant, than with its foot; for the round top being more diſtant 

<lb></lb>from the centre of the Earth than the foot is, it had deſcribed the 

<lb></lb>arch of a circle bigger than the circle by which the foot had paſſed.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg341"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Subtilties ſuffici­

<lb></lb>ently inſipid, ironi­

<lb></lb>cally, ſpoken and 

<lb></lb>taken from a cer­

<lb></lb>tain<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Encyclopædia.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>And thus when a man walketh he goeth farther with 

<lb></lb>his head than with his feet.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You have found out the matter your ſelf by help of 

<lb></lb>your own mother-wit: But let us not interrupt <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It pleaſeth me to ſee <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> how he ſootheth up 

<lb></lb>himſelf in this conceit, if happly it be his own, and that he hath not 

<lb></lb>borrowed it from a certain little pamphlet of concluſions, where 

<lb></lb>there are a great many more ſuch fancies no leſs pleaſant &amp; witty. 

<lb></lb></s><s>It followeth that we ſpeak of the peice of Ordinance mounted per­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg342"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>pendicular to the Horizon, that is, of a ſhot towards our vertical 

<lb></lb>point, and to conclude, of the return of the ball by the ſame line 

<lb></lb>unto the ſame peice, though that in the long time which it is ſe­

<lb></lb>parated from the peice, the earth hath tranſported it many miles 

<lb></lb>towards the Eaſt; now it ſeemeth, that the ball ought to fall a like 

<lb></lb>diſtance from the peice towards the Weſt; the which doth not 

<lb></lb>happen: therefore the peice without having been moved did ſtay 

<lb></lb>expecting the ſame. </s><s>The anſwer is the ſame with that of the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg343"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſtone falling from the Tower; and all the fallacy, and equivocati­

<lb></lb>on conſiſteth in ſuppoſing ſtill for true, that which is in queſtion; 

<lb></lb>for the Opponent hath it ſtill fixed in his conceit that the 

<lb></lb>ball departs from its reſt, being diſcharged by the fire 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/162.jpg" pagenum="154"></pb>from the piece; and the departing from the ſtate of reſt, cannot 

<lb></lb>be, unleſſe the immobility of the Terreſtrial Globe be preſuppo­

<lb></lb>ſed, which is the concluſion of that was in diſpute; Therefore, 

<lb></lb>I reply, that thoſe who make the Earth moveable, anſwer, that 

<lb></lb>the piece, and the ball that is in it, partake of the ſame motion 

<lb></lb>with the Earth; nay that they have this together with her from 

<lb></lb>nature; and that therefore the ball departs in no other manner 

<lb></lb>from its quieſcence, but conjoyned with its motion about the cen­

<lb></lb>tre, the which by its projection upwards, is neither taken away, 

<lb></lb>nor hindered; and in this manner following, the univerſal motion 

<lb></lb>of the Earth towards the Eaſt, it alwayes keepeth perpendicular 

<lb></lb>over the ſaid piece, as well in its riſe as in its return. </s><s>And the 

<lb></lb>ſame you ſee to enſue, in making the experiment in a ſhip with 

<lb></lb>a bullet ſhot upwards perpendicularly with a Croſſe-bow, which 

<lb></lb>returneth to the ſame place whether the ſhip doth move, or ſtand 

<lb></lb>ſtill.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg344"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg342"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An inſtance a­

<lb></lb>gainst the diurnal 

<lb></lb>motion of the earth, 

<lb></lb>taken from the ſhot 

<lb></lb>of a Peece of Ordi­

<lb></lb>nance perpendicu­

<lb></lb>larly.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg343"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The anſwer to the 

<lb></lb>objection, ſhewing 

<lb></lb>the equivoke.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg344"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Another anſwer 

<lb></lb>to the ſame objecti­

<lb></lb>on.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This ſatisfieth very well to all; but becauſe that I have 

<lb></lb>ſeen that <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> taketh pleaſure with certain ſubtilties to 

<lb></lb>puzzle his companions, I will demand of him whether, ſuppo­

<lb></lb>ſing for this time that the Earth ſtandeth ſtill, and the piece ere­

<lb></lb>cted upon it perpendicularly, directed to our Zenith, he do at all 

<lb></lb>queſtion that to be the true perpendicular ſhot, and that the ball 

<lb></lb>in departing, and in its return is to go by the ſame right line, 

<lb></lb>ſtill ſuppoſing all external and accidental impediments to be re­

<lb></lb>moved?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I underſtand that the matter ought to ſucceed exactly 

<lb></lb>in that manner.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But if the piece were placed, not perpendicularly, but 

<lb></lb>inclining towards ſome place, what would the motion of the ball 

<lb></lb>be? </s><s>Would it go haply, as in the other ſhot, by the perpendi­

<lb></lb>cular line, and return again by the ſame?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It would not ſo do; but iſſuing out of the piece, it 

<lb></lb>would purſue its motion by a right line which prolongeth the e­

<lb></lb>rect perpendicularity of the concave cylinder of the piece, unleſſe 

<lb></lb>ſo far as its own weight would make it decline from that erection 

<lb></lb>towards the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>So that the mounture of the cylinder is the regulator of 

<lb></lb>the motion of the ball, nor doth it, or would it move out of that 

<lb></lb>line, if its own gravity did not make it decline downwards. </s><s>And </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg345"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>therefore placing the cylinder perpendicularly, and ſhooting the 

<lb></lb>ball upwards, it returneth by the ſame right line downwards; be­

<lb></lb>cauſe the motion of the ball dependent on its gravity is down­

<lb></lb>ward, by the ſame perpendicular. </s><s>The journey therefore of the 

<lb></lb>ball out of the piece, continueth or prolongeth the rectitude or 

<lb></lb>perpendicularity of that ſmall part of the ſaid journey, which it 

<lb></lb>made within the ſaid piece; is it not ſo?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/163.jpg" pagenum="155"></pb><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg345"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Projects conti­

<lb></lb>nue their motion 

<lb></lb>by the right line 

<lb></lb>that followeth the 

<lb></lb>direction of the 

<lb></lb>motion, made to­

<lb></lb>gether with the 

<lb></lb>projicient, whil&#039;ſt 

<lb></lb>they were conjoin&#039;d 

<lb></lb>therewith.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>So it is, in my opinion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Now imagine the cylinder to be erected, and that the 

<lb></lb>Earth doth revolve about with a diurnal motion, carrying the 

<lb></lb>piece along with it, tell me what ſhall be the motion of the ball 

<lb></lb>within the cylinder, having given fire?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It ſhall be a ſtreight and perpendicular motion, the cylin­

<lb></lb>der being erected perpendicularly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Conſider well what you ſay: for I believe that it will 

<lb></lb>not be perpendicular. </s><s>It would indeed be perpendicular, if the 

<lb></lb>Earth ſtood ſtill, for ſo the ball would have no other motion but 

<lb></lb>that proceeding from the fire. </s><s>But in caſe the Earth turns round, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg346"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the ball that is in the piece, hath likewiſe a diurnal motion, ſo 

<lb></lb>that there being added to the ſame the impulſe of the fire, it mo­

<lb></lb>veth from the breech of the piece to the muzzle with two motions, 

<lb></lb>from the compoſition whereof it cometh to paſſe that the motion 

<lb></lb>made by the centre of the balls gravity is an inclining line. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>for your clearer underſtanding the ſame, let the piece A C [<emph type="italics"></emph>in 

<lb></lb>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2.] be erected, and in it the ball B; it is manifeſt, that the 

<lb></lb>piece ſtanding immoveable, and fire being given to it, the ball 

<lb></lb>will make its way out by the mouth A, and with its centre, paſ­

<lb></lb>ſing thorow the the piece, ſhall have deſcribed the perpendicular 

<lb></lb>line B A, and it ſhall purſue that rectitude when it is out of the 

<lb></lb>piece, moving toward the Zenith. </s><s>But in caſe the Earth ſhould 

<lb></lb>move round, and conſequently carry the piece along with it, in 

<lb></lb>the time that the ball driven out of the piece ſhall move along 

<lb></lb>the cylinder, the piece being carried by the Earth, ſhall paſſe in­

<lb></lb>to the ſituation D E, and the ball B, in going off, would be at 

<lb></lb>the corniſh D, and the motion of the bals centre, would have 

<lb></lb>been according to the line B D, no longer perpendicular, but in­

<lb></lb>clining towards the Eaſt; and the ball (as hath been concluded) 

<lb></lb>being to continue its motion through the air, according to the 

<lb></lb>direction of the motion made in the piece, the ſaid motion ſhall 

<lb></lb>continue on according to the inclination of the line B D, and ſo 

<lb></lb>ſhall no longer be perpendicular, but inclined towards the Eaſt, 

<lb></lb>to which part the piece doth alſo move; whereupon the ball may 

<lb></lb>follow the motion of the Eerth, and of the piece. </s><s>Now <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>you ſee it demonſtrated, that the Range which you took to be 

<lb></lb>perpendicular, is not ſo.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg346"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The revolution 

<lb></lb>of the Earth ſup­

<lb></lb>poſed, the ball in 

<lb></lb>the piece erected 

<lb></lb>perpendicularly, 

<lb></lb>doth not move by a 

<lb></lb>perpendicular, but 

<lb></lb>an inclined line.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I do not very well underſtand this buſineſs; do you, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I apprehend it in part; but I have a certain kind of 

<lb></lb>ſcruple, which I wiſh I knew how to expreſs. </s><s>It ſeems to me, that 

<lb></lb>according to what hath been ſaid, if the Piece be erected perpen­

<lb></lb>dicular, and the Earth do move, the ball would not be to fall, as 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will have it, far from the Piece towards the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/164.jpg" pagenum="156"></pb>Weſt, nor as you would have it, upon the Piece, but rather far 

<lb></lb>diſtant towards the Eaſt. </s><s>For according to your explanation, it 

<lb></lb>would have two motions, the which would with one conſent carry 

<lb></lb>it thitherward, to wit, the common motion of the Earth, which 

<lb></lb>carrieth the Piece and the ball from C A towards E D; and the 

<lb></lb>fire which carrieth it by the inclined line B D, both motions to­

<lb></lb>wards the Eaſt, and therefore they are ſuperiour to the motion of 

<lb></lb>the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Not ſo, Sir. </s><s>The motion which carrieth the ball to­

<lb></lb>wards the Eaſt, cometh all from the Earth, and the fire hath no 

<lb></lb>part at all therein: the motion which mounteth the ball upwards, 

<lb></lb>is wholly of fire, wherewith the Earth hath nothing to do. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>that it is ſo, if you give not fire, the ball will never go out of the 

<lb></lb>Piece, nor yet riſe upwards a hairs breadth; as alſo if you make 

<lb></lb>the Earth immoveable, and give fire, the ball without any incli­

<lb></lb>nation ſhall go perpendicularly upwards. </s><s>The ball therefore ha­

<lb></lb>ving two motions, one upwards, and the other in gyration, of both 

<lb></lb>which the tranſverſe line B D is compounded, the impulſe upward 

<lb></lb>is wholly of fire, the circular cometh wholly from the Earth, and 

<lb></lb>is equal to the Earths motion: and being equal to it, the ball 

<lb></lb>maintaineth it ſelf all the way directly over the mouth of the 

<lb></lb>Piece, and at laſt falleth back into the ſame: and becauſe it al­

<lb></lb>ways obſerveth the erection of the Piece, it appeareth alſo conti­

<lb></lb>nually over the head of him that is near the Piece, and therefore 

<lb></lb>it appeareth to mount exactly perpendicular towards our Zenith, 

<lb></lb>or vertical point.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I have yet one doubt more remaining, and it is, that in 

<lb></lb>regard the motion of the ball is very ſwift in the Piece, it ſeems 

<lb></lb>not poſſible, that in that moment of time the tranſpoſition of the 

<lb></lb>Piece from C A to A D ſhould confer ſuch an inclination upon 

<lb></lb>the tranſverſe line C D, that by means thereof, the ball when it 

<lb></lb>cometh afterwards into the air ſhould be able to follow the courſe 

<lb></lb>of the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You err upon many accounts; and firſt, the inclination 

<lb></lb>of the tranſverſe line C D, I believe it is much greater than you 

<lb></lb>take it to be, for I verily think that the velocity of the Earths mo­

<lb></lb>tion, not onely under the Equinoctial, but in our paralel alſo, is 

<lb></lb>greater than that of the ball whilſt it moveth in the Piece; ſo that 

<lb></lb>the interval C E would be abſolutely much bigger than the whole 

<lb></lb>length of the Piece, and the inclination of the tranſverſe line con­

<lb></lb>ſequently bigger than half a right angle: but be the velocity of 

<lb></lb>the Earth more, or be it leſs, in compariſon of the velocity of the 

<lb></lb>fire, this imports nothing; for if the velocity of the Earth be ſmall, 

<lb></lb>and conſequently the inclination of the tranſverſe line be little 

<lb></lb>alſo; there is then alſo need but of little inclination to make the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/165.jpg" pagenum="157"></pb>ball ſuſpend it ſelf in its range directly over the Piece. </s><s>And in a 

<lb></lb>word, if you do but attentively conſider, you will comprehend, 

<lb></lb>that the motion of the Earth in transferring the Piece along with 

<lb></lb>it from C A to E D, conferreth upon the tranſverſe line C D, ſo 

<lb></lb>much of little or great inclination, as is required to adjuſt the 

<lb></lb>range to its perpendicularity. </s><s>But you err, ſecondly, in that you 

<lb></lb>referr the faculty of carrying the ball along with the Earth to the 

<lb></lb>impulſe of the fire, and you run into the ſame error, into which 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but even now ſeemed to have fallen; for the faculty 

<lb></lb>of following the motion of the Earth, is the primary and perpetual 

<lb></lb>motion, indelibly and inſeparably imparted to the ſaid ball, as to a 

<lb></lb>thing terreſtrial, and that of its own nature doth and ever ſhall 

<lb></lb>poſſeſs the ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Let us yield, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for the buſineſs is juſt as he 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg347"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſaith. </s><s>And now from this diſcourſe let us come to underſtand the 

<lb></lb>reaſon of a Venatorian Problem, of thoſe Fowlers who with their 

<lb></lb>guns ſhoot a bird flying; and becauſe I did imagine, that in regard 

<lb></lb>the bird flieth a great pace, therefore they ſhould aim their ſhot far 

<lb></lb>from the bird, anticipating its flight for a certain ſpace, and more 

<lb></lb>or leſs according to its velocity and the diſtance of the bird, that 

<lb></lb>ſo the bullet haſting directly to the mark aimed at, it might come 

<lb></lb>to arrive at the ſelf ſame time in the ſame point with its motion, 

<lb></lb>and the bird with its flight, and by that means one to encounter 

<lb></lb>the other: and asking one of them, if their practiſe was not ſo 

<lb></lb>to do; He told me, no; but that the ſlight was very eaſie and 

<lb></lb>certain, and that they took aim juſt in the ſame manner as if they 

<lb></lb>had ſhot at a bird that did ſit ſtill; that is, they made the flying 

<lb></lb>bird their mark, and by moving their fowling-piece they followed 

<lb></lb>her, keeping their aim ſtill full upon her, till ſuch time as they let 

<lb></lb>fly, and in this manner ſhot her as they did others ſitting ſtill. </s><s>It is 

<lb></lb>neceſſary therefore that that motion, though ſlow, which the fowl­

<lb></lb>ing-piece maketh in turning and following after the flight of the 

<lb></lb>bird do communicate it ſelf to the bullet alſo, and that it be joyned 

<lb></lb>with that of the fire; ſo that the ball hath from the fire the mo­

<lb></lb>tion directly upwards, and from the concave Cylinder of the barrel 

<lb></lb>the declination according to the flight of the Bird, juſt as was ſaid 

<lb></lb>before of the ſhot of a Canon; where the ball receiveth from the 

<lb></lb>fire a virtue of mounting upwards towards the Zenith, and from 

<lb></lb>the motion of the Earth its winding towards the Eaſt, and of both 

<lb></lb>maketh a compound motion that followeth the courſe of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, and that to the beholder ſeemeth onely to go directly up­

<lb></lb>wards, and return again downwards by the ſame line. </s><s>The hold­

<lb></lb>ing therefore of the gun continually directed towards the mark, 

<lb></lb>maketh the ſhoot hit right, and that you may keep your gun di­

<lb></lb>rected to the mark, in caſe the mark ſtands ſtill, you muſt alſo hold 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/166.jpg" pagenum="158"></pb>your gun ſtill; and if the mark ſhall move, the gun muſt be kept upon 

<lb></lb>the mark by moving. </s><s>And upon this dependeth the proper anſwer 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg348"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>to the other argument taken from the ſhot of a Canon, at the 

<lb></lb>mark placed towards the South or North: wherein is alledged, 

<lb></lb>that if the Earth ſhould move, the ſhots would all range Weſt­

<lb></lb>ward of the mark, becauſe that in the time whilſt the ball, being 

<lb></lb>forc&#039;d out of the Piece, goeth through the air to the mark, the ſaid 

<lb></lb>mark being carried toward the Eaſt, would leave the ball to the 

<lb></lb>Weſtward. </s><s>I anſwer therefore, demanding whether if the Ca­

<lb></lb>non be aimed true at the mark, and permitted ſo to continue, it 

<lb></lb>will conſtantly hit the ſaid mark, whether the Earth move or ſtand 

<lb></lb>ſtill? </s><s>It muſt be replied, that the aim altereth not at all, for if 

<lb></lb>the mark doth ſtand ſtill, the Piece alſo doth ſtand ſtill, and if it, 

<lb></lb>being tranſported by the Earths motion, doth move, the Piece doth 

<lb></lb>alſo move at the ſame rate, and, the aim maintained, the ſhot 

<lb></lb>proveth always true, as by what hath been ſaid above, is mani­

<lb></lb>feſt.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg347"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The manner how 

<lb></lb>Fowlers ſhoot birds 

<lb></lb>flying.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg348"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The anſwer to 

<lb></lb>the objection tak n 

<lb></lb>from the ſhots of 

<lb></lb>great Guns made 

<lb></lb>towards the North 

<lb></lb>and South.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Stay a little, I entreat you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> till I have pro­

<lb></lb>pounded a certain conceit touching theſe ſhooters of birds flying, 

<lb></lb>whoſe proceeding I believe to be the ſame which you relate, and 

<lb></lb>believe the effect of hitting the bird doth likewiſe follow: but yet 

<lb></lb>I cannot think that act altogether conformable to this of ſhooting 

<lb></lb>in great Guns, which ought to hit as well when the piece and mark 

<lb></lb>moveth, as when they both ſtand ſtill; and theſe, in my opinion, 

<lb></lb>are the particulars in which they diſagree. </s><s>In ſhooting with a 

<lb></lb>great Gun both it and the mark move with equal velocity, being 

<lb></lb>both tranſported by the motion of the Terreſtrial Globe: and al­

<lb></lb>beit ſometimes the piece being planted more towards the Pole, 

<lb></lb>than the mark, and conſequently its motion being ſomewhat flow­

<lb></lb>er than the motion of the mark, as being made in a leſſer circle, 

<lb></lb>ſuch a difference is inſenſible, at that little diſtance of the piece 

<lb></lb>from the mark: but in the ſhot of the Fowler the motion of the 

<lb></lb>Fowling-piece wherewith it goeth following the bird, is very ſlow 

<lb></lb>in compariſon of the flight of the ſaid bird; whence me thinks it 

<lb></lb>ſhould follow, that that ſmall motion which the turning of the 

<lb></lb>Birding-piece conferreth on the bullet that is within it, cannot, 

<lb></lb>when it is once gone forth of it, multiply it ſelf in the air, untill it 

<lb></lb>come to equal the velocity of the birds flight, ſo as that the ſaid bullet 

<lb></lb>ſhould always keep direct upon it: nay, me thinketh the bird 

<lb></lb>would anticipate it and leave it behind. </s><s>Let me add, that in this 

<lb></lb>act, the air through which the bullet is to paſs, partaketh not of the 

<lb></lb>motion of the bird: whereas in the caſe of the Canon, both it, 

<lb></lb>the mark, and the intermediate air, do equally partake of the com­

<lb></lb>mon diurnal motion. </s><s>So that the true cauſe of the Marks-man 

<lb></lb>his hitting the mark, as it ſhould ſeem, moreover and beſides the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/167.jpg" pagenum="159"></pb>following the birds flight with the piece, is his ſomewhat anticipa­

<lb></lb>ting it, taking his aim before it; as alſo his ſhooting (as I believe) 

<lb></lb>not with one bullet, but with many ſmall balls (called ſhot) the 

<lb></lb>which ſcattering in the air poſſeſs a great ſpace; and alſo the ex­

<lb></lb>treme velocity wherewith theſe ſhot, being diſcharged from the 

<lb></lb>Gun, go towards the bird.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>See how far the winged wit of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> anticipateth, 

<lb></lb>and out-goeth the dulneſs of mine; which perhaps would have 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg349"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>light upon theſe diſparities, but not without long ſtudie. </s><s>Now 

<lb></lb>turning to the matter in hand, there do remain to be conſidered 

<lb></lb>by us the ſhots at point blank, towards the Eaſt and towards the 

<lb></lb>Weſt; the firſt of which, if the Earth did move, would always 

<lb></lb>happen to be too high above the mark, and the ſecond too low; 

<lb></lb>foraſmuch as the parts of the Earth Eaſtward, by reaſon of the di­

<lb></lb>urnal motion, do continually deſcend beneath the tangent paralel 

<lb></lb>to the Horizon, whereupon the Eaſtern ſtars to us appear to aſcend; 

<lb></lb>and on the contrary, the parts Weſtward do more and more aſ­

<lb></lb>cend, whereupon the Weſtern ſtars do in our ſeeming deſcend: 

<lb></lb>and therefore the ranges which are leveled according to the ſaid 

<lb></lb>tangent at the Oriental mark, (which whilſt the ball paſſeth 

<lb></lb>along by the tangent deſcendeth) ſhould prove too high, and the 

<lb></lb>Occidental too low by means of the elevation of the mark, whilſt 

<lb></lb>the ball paſſeth along the tangent. </s><s>The anſwer is like to the reſt: 

<lb></lb>for as the Eaſtern mark goeth continually deſcending, by reaſon 

<lb></lb>of the Earths motion, under a tangent that continueth immove­

<lb></lb>able; ſo likewiſe the piece for the ſame reaſon goeth continually 

<lb></lb>inclining, and with its mounture purſuing the ſaid mark: by 

<lb></lb>which means the ſhot proveth true.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg349"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The anſwer to the 

<lb></lb>Argument taken 

<lb></lb>from the ſhots at 

<lb></lb>point blanck to­

<lb></lb>wards the Eaſt &amp; 

<lb></lb>Weſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>But here I think it a convenient opportunity to give notice of 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg350"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>certain conceſſions, which are granted perhaps over liberally by 

<lb></lb>the followers of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> unto their Adverſaries: I mean of 

<lb></lb>yielding to them certain experiments for ſure and certain, which 

<lb></lb>yet the Adverſaries themſelves had never made tryal of: as for 

<lb></lb>example, that of things falling from the round-top of a ſhip whilſt 

<lb></lb>it is in motion, and many others; amongſt which I verily believe, 

<lb></lb>that this of experimenting whether the ſhot made by a Canon to­

<lb></lb>wards the Eaſt proveth too high, and the Weſtern ſhot too low, 

<lb></lb>is one: and becauſe I believe that they have never made tryal 

<lb></lb>thereof, I deſire that they would tell me what difference they 

<lb></lb>think ought to happen between the ſaid ſhots, ſuppoſing the Earth 

<lb></lb>moveable, or ſuppoſing it moveable; and let <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplieius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for this 

<lb></lb>time anſwer for them.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg350"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The followers of 

<lb></lb>Copernicus too 

<lb></lb>freely admit cer­

<lb></lb>tain propoſitions for 

<lb></lb>true, which are 

<lb></lb>very doubtfull.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will not undertake to anſwer ſo confidently as another 

<lb></lb>more intelligent perhaps might do; but ſhall ſpeak what thus upon 

<lb></lb>the ſudden I think they would reply; which is in effect the ſame 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/168.jpg" pagenum="160"></pb>with that which hath been ſaid already, namely, that in caſe the 

<lb></lb>Earth ſhould move, the ſhots made Eaſtward would prove too 

<lb></lb>high, &amp;c. </s><s>the ball, as it is probable, being to move along the tan­

<lb></lb>gent.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But if I ſhould ſay, that ſo it falleth out upon triall, 

<lb></lb>how would you cenſure me?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It is neceſſary to proceed to experiments for the pro­

<lb></lb>ving of it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But do you think, that there is to be found a Gunner ſo 

<lb></lb>skilful, as to hit the mark at every ſhoot, in a diſtance of <emph type="italics"></emph>v.g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> five 

<lb></lb>hundred paces?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>No Sir; nay I believe that there is no one, how good a 

<lb></lb>marks-man ſoever that would promiſe to come within a pace of 

<lb></lb>the mark,</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>How can we then, with ſhots ſo uncertain, aſſure our 

<lb></lb>ſelves of that which is in diſpute?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>We may be aſſured thereof two wayes; one, by ma­

<lb></lb>king many ſhots; the other, becauſe in reſpect of the great velo­

<lb></lb>city of the Earths motion, the deviation from the mark would in 

<lb></lb>my opinion be very great.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Very great, that is more than one pace; in regard that 

<lb></lb>the varying ſo much, yea and more, is granted to happen ordinarily 

<lb></lb>even in the Earths mobility.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I verily believe the variation from the mark would be 

<lb></lb>more than ſo.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg351"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg351"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A Computation 

<lb></lb>how much the ran­

<lb></lb>ges of great ſhot 

<lb></lb>ought to vary from 

<lb></lb>the marke, the 

<lb></lb>Earths motion be­

<lb></lb>ing granted.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now I deſire that for our ſatisfaction we do make thus 

<lb></lb>in groſſe a ſlight calculation, if you conſent thereto, which will 

<lb></lb>ſtand us in ſtead likewiſe (if the computation ſucceed as I expect) 

<lb></lb>for a warning how we do in other occurrences ſuffer our ſelves, as 

<lb></lb>the ſaying is, to be taken with the enemies ſhouts, and ſurrender 

<lb></lb>up our belief to what ever firſt preſents it ſelf to our fancy. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>now to give all advantages to the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Tychonicks,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>let us ſuppoſe our ſelves to be under the Equinoctial, there to ſhoot 

<lb></lb>a piece of Ordinance point blank Eaſtwards at a mark five hun­

<lb></lb>dred paces off. </s><s>Firſt, let us ſee thus (as I ſaid) in a level, what 

<lb></lb>time the ſhot after it is gone out of the Piece taketh to arrive at 

<lb></lb>the mark; which we know to be very little, and is certainly no 

<lb></lb>more than that wherein a travailer walketh two ſteps, which alſo 

<lb></lb>is leſs than the ſecond of a minute of an hour; for ſuppoſing 

<lb></lb>that the travailer walketh three miles in an hour, which are nine 

<lb></lb>thouſand paces, being that an hour containes three thouſand, ſix 

<lb></lb>hundred ſecond minutes, the travailer walketh two ſteps and an 

<lb></lb>half in a ſecond, a ſecond therefore is more than the time of the 

<lb></lb>balls motion. </s><s>And for that the diurnal revolution is twenty four 

<lb></lb>hours, the Weſtern horizon riſeth fifteen degrees in an hour, that 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/169.jpg" pagenum="161"></pb>is, fifteen firſt minutes of a degree, in one firſt minute of an hour; 

<lb></lb>that is, fifteen ſeconds of a degree, in one ſecond of an hour; and 

<lb></lb>becauſe one ſecond is the time of the ſhot, therefore in this time 

<lb></lb>the Weſtern horizon riſeth fifteen ſeconds of a degree, and ſo 

<lb></lb>much likewiſe the mark; and therefore fifteen ſeconds of that cir­

<lb></lb>cle, whoſe ſemidiameter is five hundred paces (for ſo much the di­

<lb></lb>ſtance of the mark from the Piece was ſuppoſed.) Now let us 

<lb></lb>look in the table of Arches and Chords (ſee here is <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> his 

<lb></lb>book) what part is the chord of fifteen ſeconds of the ſemidiame­

<lb></lb>ter, that is, five hundred paces. </s><s>Here you ſee the chord (or ſub­

<lb></lb>tenſe) of a firſt minute to be leſs than thirty of thoſe parts, of 

<lb></lb>which the ſemidiameter is an hundred thouſand. </s><s>Therefore the 

<lb></lb>chord of a ſecond minute ſhall be leſs then half of one of thoſe 

<lb></lb>parts, that is leſs than one of thoſe parts, of whichthe ſemidiame­

<lb></lb>ter is two hundred thouſand; and therefore the chord of fifteen 

<lb></lb>conds ſhall be leſs than fifteen of thoſe ſame two hundred thouſand 

<lb></lb>parts; but that which is leſs than <emph type="italics"></emph>(a)<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> fifteen parts of two hun­</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg352"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>dred thouſand, is alſo more than that which is four centeſmes of 

<lb></lb>five hundred; therefore the aſcent of the mark in the time of the 

<lb></lb>balls motion is leſſe than four centeſmes, that is, than one twenty 

<lb></lb>fifth part of a pace; it ſhall be therefore <emph type="italics"></emph>(b)<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> about two inches: 

<lb></lb>And ſo much conſequently ſhall be the variation of each Weſtern 

<lb></lb>ſhot, the Earth being ſuppoſed to have a diurnal motion. </s><s>Now if I 

<lb></lb>ſhall tell you, that this variation (I mean of falling two inches ſhort 

<lb></lb>of what they would do in caſe the Earth did not move) upon tri­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg353"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>all doth happen in all ſhots, how will you convince me <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>ſhewing me by an experiment that it is not ſo? </s><s>Do you not ſee 

<lb></lb>that it is impoſſible to confute me, unleſs you firſt find out a way 

<lb></lb>to ſhoot at a mark with ſo much exactneſſe, as never to miſſe an 

<lb></lb>hairs bredth? </s><s>For whilſt the ranges of great ſhot conſiſt of diffe­

<lb></lb>rent numbers of paces, as <emph type="italics"></emph>de facto<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> they do, I will affirm that in 

<lb></lb>each of thoſe variations there is contained that of two inches cau­

<lb></lb>ſed by the motion of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg352"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>(a)<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> That is, in 

<lb></lb>plainer termes the 

<lb></lb>fraction 15/200000, is 

<lb></lb>more than the fra­

<lb></lb>ction 4/50000, for di­

<lb></lb>viding the denomi­

<lb></lb>nators by their no­

<lb></lb>minators, and the 

<lb></lb>firſt produceth 

<lb></lb>13333 1/3 the other 

<lb></lb>but 12500.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg353"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>(b)<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> It ſhall be 

<lb></lb>neer 2 2/5 inches, ac­

<lb></lb>counting the pace 

<lb></lb>to be Geometrical, 

<lb></lb>containing 5 foot.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Pardon me, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> you are too liberal. </s><s>For I would 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg354"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>tell the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripateticks,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that though every ſhot ſhould hit the very 

<lb></lb>centre of the mark, that ſhould not in the leaſt diſprove the motion 

<lb></lb>of the Earth. </s><s>For the Gunners are ſo conſtantly imployed in le­

<lb></lb>velling the ſight and gun to the mark, as that they can hit the ſame, 

<lb></lb>notwithſtanding the motion of the Earth. </s><s>And I ſay, that if the 

<lb></lb>Earth ſhould ſtand ſtill, the ſhots would not prove true; but the 

<lb></lb>Occidental would be too low, and the Oriental too high: now let 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> diſprove me if he can.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg354"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is demonſtra­

<lb></lb>ted with great ſub­

<lb></lb>tilty, that the 

<lb></lb>Earths motion ſup­

<lb></lb>poſed, Canon ſhot 

<lb></lb>ought not to vary 

<lb></lb>more than in reſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is a ſubtilty worthy of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> But whether 

<lb></lb>this variation be to be obſerved in the motion, or in the reſt of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, it muſt needs be very ſmall, it muſt needs be ſwallowed up 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/170.jpg" pagenum="162"></pb>in thoſe very great ones which ſundry accidents continually pro­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg355"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>duce. </s><s>And all this hath been ſpoken and granted on good grounds 

<lb></lb>to <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and only with an intent to advertiſe him how much 

<lb></lb>it importeth to be cautious in granting many experiments for true 

<lb></lb>to thoſe who never had tried them, but only eagerly alledged them 

<lb></lb>juſt as they ought to be for the ſerving their purpoſe: This is ſpo­

<lb></lb>ken, I ſay, by way of ſurpluſſage and Corollary to <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg356"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the real truth is, that as concerning theſe ſhots, the ſame ought ex­

<lb></lb>actly to befall aſwell in the motion as in the reſt of the Terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe; as likewiſe it will happen in all the other experiments 

<lb></lb>that either have been or can be produced, which have at firſt bluſh 

<lb></lb>ſo mnch ſemblance of truth, as the antiquated opinion of the 

<lb></lb>Earths motion hath of equivocation.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg355"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is requiſite to 

<lb></lb>be very cautious in 

<lb></lb>admitting experi­

<lb></lb>ments for true, to 

<lb></lb>thoſe who never 

<lb></lb>tried them.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg356"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Experiments and 

<lb></lb>arguments againſt 

<lb></lb>the Earths motion 

<lb></lb>ſeem ſo far con­

<lb></lb>cluding, as they lie 

<lb></lb>hid under equi­

<lb></lb>vokes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>As for my part I am fully ſatisfied, and very well un­

<lb></lb>derſtand that who ſo ſhall imprint in his fancy this general com­

<lb></lb>munity of the diurnal converſion amongſt all things Terreſtrial, 

<lb></lb>to all which it naturally agreeth, aſwell as in the old conceit of its 

<lb></lb>reſt about the centre, ſhall doubtleſſe diſcern the fallacy and equi­

<lb></lb>voke which made the arguments produced ſeem eoncluding. 

<lb></lb></s><s>There yet remains in me ſome hæſitancy (as I have hinted be­

<lb></lb>fore) touching the flight of birds; the which having as it were an 

<lb></lb>animate faculty of moving at their pleaſure with a thouſand mo­

<lb></lb>tions, and to ſtay long in the Air ſeparated from the Earth, and 

<lb></lb>therein with moſt irregular windings to go fluttering to and again, 

<lb></lb>I cannot conceive how amongſt ſo great a confuſion of motions, 

<lb></lb>they ſhould be able to retain the firſt commune motion; and in 

<lb></lb>what manner, having once made any ſtay behind, they can get 

<lb></lb>it up again, and overtake the ſame with flying, and kcep pace 

<lb></lb>with the Towers and trees which hurry with ſo precipitant a courſe 

<lb></lb>towards the Eaſt; I ſay ſo precipitant, for in the great circle of 

<lb></lb>the Globe it is little leſſe than a thouſand miles an hour, whereof 

<lb></lb>the flight of the ſwallow I believe makes not fifty.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If the birds were to keep pace with the courſe of the 

<lb></lb>trees by help of their wings, they would oſ neceſſity flie very faſt; 

<lb></lb>and if they were deprived of the univerſal converſion, they would 

<lb></lb>lag as far behind; and their flight would ſeem as furious towards 

<lb></lb>the Weſt, and to him that could diſcern the ſame, it would 

<lb></lb>much exceed the flight of an arrow; but I think we could not be 

<lb></lb>able to perceive it, no more than we ſee a Canon bullet, whil&#039;ſt 

<lb></lb>driven by the fury of the fire, it flieth through the Air: But the 

<lb></lb>truth is that the proper motion of birds, I mean of their flight, 

<lb></lb>hath nothing to do with the univerſal motion, to which it is nei­

<lb></lb>ther an help, nor an hinderance; and that which maintaineth 

<lb></lb>the ſaid motion unaltered in the birds, is the Air it ſelf, thorough 

<lb></lb>which they flie, which naturally following the <emph type="italics"></emph>Vertigo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/171.jpg" pagenum="163"></pb>Earth, like as it carrieth the clouds along with it, ſo it tranſporteth 

<lb></lb>birds and every thing elſe which is pendent in the ſame; in ſo much 

<lb></lb>that as to the buſineſſe of keeping pace with the Earth, the birds 

<lb></lb>need take no care thereof, but for that work might ſleep perpe­

<lb></lb>tually.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>That the Air can carry the clouds along with it, as 

<lb></lb>being matters eaſie for their lightneſſe to be moved and deprived 

<lb></lb>of all other contrary inclination, yea more, as being matters that 

<lb></lb>partake alſo of the conditions and properties of the Earth; I com­

<lb></lb>prehend without any difficulty; but that birds, which as having 

<lb></lb>life, may move with a motion quite contrary to the diurnal, once 

<lb></lb>having ſurceaſed the ſaid motion, the Air ſhould reſtore them to 

<lb></lb>it, ſeems to me a little ſtrange, and the rather for that they are ſolid 

<lb></lb>and weighty bodies; and withal, we ſee; as hath been ſaid, ſtones 

<lb></lb>and other grave bodies to lie unmoved againſt the <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the 

<lb></lb>air; and when they ſuffer themſelves to be overcome thereby, 

<lb></lb>they never acquire ſo much velocity as the wind which carrieth 

<lb></lb>them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We aſcribe not ſo little force, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to the moved 

<lb></lb>Air, which is able to move and bear before it ſhips full fraught, 

<lb></lb>to tear up trees by the roots, and overthrow Towers when it 

<lb></lb>moveth ſwiftly; and yet we cannot ſay that the motion of the 

<lb></lb>Air in theſe violent operations is neer ſo violent, as that of the 

<lb></lb>diurnal revolution.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>You ſee then that the moved Air may alſo cotinue the 

<lb></lb>motion of projects, according to the Doctrine of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and 

<lb></lb>it ſeemed to me very ſtrange that he ſhould have erred in this 

<lb></lb>particular.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It may without doubt, in caſe it could continue it ſelf, 

<lb></lb>but lik as when the wind ceaſing neither ſhips go on, nor trees are 

<lb></lb>blown down, ſo the motion in the Air not continuing after the 

<lb></lb>ſtone is gone out of the hand, and the Air ceaſing to move, it 

<lb></lb>followeth that it muſt be ſomething elſe beſides the Air that ma­

<lb></lb>keth the projects to move.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But how upon the winds being laid, doth the ſhip ceaſe 

<lb></lb>to move? </s><s>Nay you may ſee that when the wind is down, and 

<lb></lb>the ſails furl&#039;d, the veſſel continueth to run whole miles.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But this maketh againſt your ſelf <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for that 

<lb></lb>the wind being laid that filling the ſails drove on the ſhip, yet ne­

<lb></lb>vertheleſſe doth it without help of the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> continue its 

<lb></lb>courſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It might be ſaid that the water was the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which 

<lb></lb>carried forward the ſhip, and maintain&#039;d it in motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It might indeed be ſo affirmed, if you would ſpeak 

<lb></lb>quite contrary to truth; for the truth is, that the water, by rea­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/172.jpg" pagenum="164"></pb>ſon of its great reſiſtance to the diviſion made by the hull of the 

<lb></lb>ſhip, doth with great noiſe reſiſt the ſame; nor doth it permit it 

<lb></lb>of a great while to acquire that velocity which the wind would 

<lb></lb>confer upon it, were the obſtacle of the water removed. </s><s>Per­

<lb></lb>haps <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> you have never conſidered with what fury the 

<lb></lb>water beſets a bark, whil&#039;ſt it forceth its way through a ſtanding 

<lb></lb>water by help of Oars or Sails: for if you had ever minded that 

<lb></lb>effect, you would not now have produced ſuch an abſurdity. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And I am thinking that you have hitherto been one of thoſe who 

<lb></lb>to find out how ſuch things ſucceed, and to come to the know­

<lb></lb>ledg of natural effects, do not betake themſelves to a Ship, a 

<lb></lb>Croſſe-bow, or a piece of Ordinance, but retire into their ſtu­

<lb></lb>dies, and turn over Indexes and Tables to ſee whether <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>hath ſpoken any thing thereof, and being aſſured of the true 

<lb></lb>ſenſe of the Text, neither deſire nor care for knowing any 

<lb></lb>more.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg357"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg357"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The great feli­

<lb></lb>city for which they 

<lb></lb>are much to be en­

<lb></lb>vied who perſwade 

<lb></lb>themſelves that 

<lb></lb>they know every 

<lb></lb>thing.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This is a great felicity, and they are to be much en­

<lb></lb>vied for it. </s><s>For if knowledg be deſired by all, and if to be wiſe, 

<lb></lb>be to think ones ſelf ſo, they enjoy a very great happineſſe, for 

<lb></lb>that they may perſwade themſelves that they know and underſtand 

<lb></lb>all things, in ſcorn of thoſe who knowing, that they underſtand 

<lb></lb>not what theſe think they underſtand, and conſequently ſeeking 

<lb></lb>that they know not the very leaſt particle of what is knowable, 

<lb></lb>kill themſelves with waking and ſtudying, and conſume their days 

<lb></lb>in experiments and obſervations. </s><s>But pray you let us return to 

<lb></lb>our birds; touching which you have ſaid, that the Air being mo­

<lb></lb>ved with great velocity, might reſtore unto them that part of the 

<lb></lb>diurnal motion which amongſt the windings of their flight they 

<lb></lb>might have loſt; to which I reply, that the agitated Air ſeemeth 

<lb></lb>unable to confer on a ſolid and grave body, ſo great a velocity as 

<lb></lb>its own: And becauſe that of the Air is as great as that of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, I cannot think that the Air is able to make good the loſſe 

<lb></lb>of the birds retardation in flight.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Your diſcourſe hath in it much of probability, and to 

<lb></lb>ſtick at trivial doubts is not for an acute wit; yet nevertheleſſe the 

<lb></lb>probability being removed, I believed that it hath not a jot more 

<lb></lb>force than the others already conſidered and reſolved.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It is moſt certain that if it be not neceſſatily conclu­

<lb></lb>dent, its efficacy muſt needs be juſt nothing at all, for it is 

<lb></lb>onely when the concluſion is neceſſary that the opponent hath no­

<lb></lb>thing to alledg on the contrary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Your making a greater ſcruple of this than of the other 

<lb></lb>inſtances dependeth, if I miſtake not, upon the birds being ani­

<lb></lb>mated, and thereby enabled to uſe their ſtrength at pleaſure a­

<lb></lb>gainſt the primary motion in-bred in terrene bodies: like as for 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/173.jpg" pagenum="165"></pb>example, we ſee them whil&#039;ſt they are alive to fly upwards, a thing 

<lb></lb>altogether impoſſible for them to do as they are grave bodies; 

<lb></lb>whereas being dead they can onely fall downwards; and there­

<lb></lb>fore you hold that the reaſons that are of force in all the kinds of 

<lb></lb>projects above named, cannot take place in birds: Now this is 

<lb></lb>very true; and becauſe it is ſo, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that doth not appear 

<lb></lb>to be done in thoſe projects, which we ſee the birds to do. </s><s>For if </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg358"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>from the top of a Tower you let fall a dead bird and a live one, 

<lb></lb>the dead bird ſhall do the ſame that a ſtone doth, that is, it ſhall 

<lb></lb>firſt follow the general motion diurnal, and then the motion of 

<lb></lb>deſcent, as grave; but if the bird let fall, be a live, what ſhall 

<lb></lb>hinder it, (there ever remaining in it the diurnal motion) from 

<lb></lb>ſoaring by help of its wings to what place of the Horizon it ſhall 

<lb></lb>pleaſe? </s><s>and this new motion, as being peculiar to the bird, and 

<lb></lb>not participated by us, muſt of neceſſity be viſible to us; and if 

<lb></lb>it be moved by help of its wings towards the Weſt, what ſhall 

<lb></lb>hinder it from returning with a like help of its wings unto the 

<lb></lb>Tower. </s><s>And, becauſe, in the laſt place, the birds wending its 

<lb></lb>flight towards the Weſt was no other than a withdrawing from 

<lb></lb>the diurnal motion, (which hath, ſupppoſe ten degrees of velocity) 

<lb></lb>one degree onely, there did thereupon remain to the bird whil&#039;ſt 

<lb></lb>it was in its flight nine degrees of velocity, and ſo ſoon as it did 

<lb></lb>alight upon the the Earth, the ten common degrees returned to it, 

<lb></lb>to which, by flying towards the Eaſt it might adde one, and with 

<lb></lb>thoſe eleven overtake the Tower. </s><s>And in ſhort, if we well con­

<lb></lb>ſider, and more narrowly examine the effects of the flight of 

<lb></lb>birds, they differ from the projects ſhot or thrown to any part of 

<lb></lb>the World in nothing, ſave onely that the projects are moved by an 

<lb></lb>external projicient, and the birds by an internal principle. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg359"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>here for a final proof of the nullity of all the experiments before 

<lb></lb>alledged, I conceive it now a time and place convenient to 

<lb></lb>demonſtrate a way how to make an exact trial of them all. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Shut your ſelf up with ſome friend in the grand Cabbin between 

<lb></lb>the decks of ſome large Ship, and there procure gnats, flies, and 

<lb></lb>ſuch other ſmall winged creatures: get alſo a great tub (or 

<lb></lb>other veſſel) full of water, and within it put certain fiſhes; let 

<lb></lb>alſo a certain bottle be hung up, which drop by drop letteth forth 

<lb></lb>its water into another bottle placed underneath, having a narrow 

<lb></lb>neck: and, the Ship lying ſtill, obſerve diligently how thoſe ſmall 

<lb></lb>winged animals fly with like velocity towards all parts of the Ca­

<lb></lb>bin; how the fiſhes ſwim indifferently towards all ſides; and how 

<lb></lb>the diſtilling drops all fall into the bottle placed underneath. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>caſting any thing towards your friend, you need not throw it with 

<lb></lb>more force one way then another, provided the diſtances be equal: 

<lb></lb>and leaping, as the ſaying is, with your feet cloſed, you will reach 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/174.jpg" pagenum="166"></pb>as far one way as another. </s><s>Having obſerved all theſe particulars, 

<lb></lb>though no man doubteth that ſo long as the veſſel ſtands ſtill, they 

<lb></lb>ought to ſucceed in this manner; make the Ship to move with 

<lb></lb>what velocity you pleaſe; for (ſo long as the motion is uniforme, 

<lb></lb>and not fluctuating this way and that way) you ſhall not diſcern 

<lb></lb>any the leaſt alteration in all the forenamed effects; nor can you 

<lb></lb>gather by any of them whether the Ship doth move or ſtand ſtill. 

<lb></lb></s><s>In leaping you ſhall reach as far upon the floor, as before; nor for 

<lb></lb>that the Ship moveth ſhall you make a greater leap towards the 

<lb></lb>poop than towards the prow; howbeit in the time that you ſtaid 

<lb></lb>in the Air, the floor under your feet ſhall have run the contrary way 

<lb></lb>to that of your jump; and throwing any thing to your companion 

<lb></lb>you ſhall not need to caſt it with more ſtrength that it may reach 

<lb></lb>him, if he ſhall be towards the prow, and you towards the poop, 

<lb></lb>then if you ſtood in a contrary ſituation; the drops ſhall all diſtill 

<lb></lb>as before into the inferiour bottle and not ſo much as one ſhall 

<lb></lb>fall towards the poop, albeit whil&#039;ſt the drop is in the Air, the Ship 

<lb></lb>ſhall have run many feet; the Fiſhes in their water ſhall not ſwim 

<lb></lb>with more trouble towards the fore-part, than towards the hinder 

<lb></lb>part of the tub; but ſhall with equal velocity make to the bait 

<lb></lb>placed on any ſide of the tub; and laſtly, the flies and gnats 

<lb></lb>ſhall continue their flight indifferently towards all parts; nor 

<lb></lb>ſhall they ever happen to be driven together towards the ſide of 

<lb></lb>the Cabbin next the prow, as if they were wearied with fol­

<lb></lb>lowing the ſwift courſe of the Ship, from which through their 

<lb></lb>ſuſpenſion in the Air, they had been long ſeparated; and if 

<lb></lb>burning a few graines of incenſe you make a little ſmoke, 

<lb></lb>you ſhall ſee it aſcend on high, and there in manner of a cloud 

<lb></lb>ſuſpend it ſelf, and move indifferently, not inclining more to one 

<lb></lb>ſide than another: and of this correſpondence of effects the cauſe 

<lb></lb>is for that the Ships motion is common to all the things contained 

<lb></lb>in it, and to the Air alſo; I mean if thoſe things be ſhut up in the 

<lb></lb>Cabbin: but in caſe thoſe things were above deck in the open Air, 

<lb></lb>and not obliged to follow the courſe of the Ship, differences more 

<lb></lb>or leſſe notable would be obſerved in ſome of the fore-named ef­

<lb></lb>fects, and there is no doubt but that the ſmoke would ſtay behind 

<lb></lb>as much as the Air it ſelf; the flies alſo, and the gnats being hin­

<lb></lb>dered by the Air would not be able to follow the motion of the 

<lb></lb>Ship, if they were ſeparated at any diſtance from it. </s><s>But keeping 

<lb></lb>neer thereto, becauſe the Ship it ſelf as being an unfractuous Fa­

<lb></lb>brick, carrieth along with it part of its neereſt Air, they would 

<lb></lb>follow the ſaid Ship without any pains or difficulty. </s><s>And for the 

<lb></lb>like reaſon we ſee ſometimes in riding poſt, that the troubleſome 

<lb></lb>flies and ^{*} hornets do follow the horſes flying ſometimes to one, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg360"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſometimes to another part of the body, but in the falling drops 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/175.jpg" pagenum="167"></pb>the difference would be very ſmall; and in the ſalts, and projecti­

<lb></lb>ons of grave bodies altogether imperceptible.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg358"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The anſwer to 

<lb></lb>the argument ta­

<lb></lb>ken from the flight 

<lb></lb>of birds contrary 

<lb></lb>to the motion of the 

<lb></lb>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg359"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An experiment 

<lb></lb>with which alone 

<lb></lb>is ſhewn the nullity 

<lb></lb>of all the objecti­

<lb></lb>ons produced a­

<lb></lb>gainst the motion 

<lb></lb>of the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg360"></margin.target>* Tafaris, <emph type="italics"></emph>borſe­

<lb></lb>flyes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Though it came not into my thoughts to make triall of 

<lb></lb>theſe obſervations, when I was at Sea, yet am I confident that they 

<lb></lb>will ſucceed in the ſame manner, as you have related; in confirma­

<lb></lb>tion of which I remember that being in my Cabbin I have asked 

<lb></lb>an hundred times whether the Ship moved or ſtood ſtill; and 

<lb></lb>ſometimes I have imagined that it moved one way, when it ſteered 

<lb></lb>quite another way. </s><s>I am therefore as hitherto ſatisfied and con­

<lb></lb>vinced of the nullity of all thoſe experiments that have been pro­

<lb></lb>duced in proof of the negative part. </s><s>There now remains the ob­

<lb></lb>jection founded upon that which experience ſhews us, namely, that 

<lb></lb>a ſwift <emph type="italics"></emph>Vertigo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or whirling about hath a faculty to extrude and 

<lb></lb>diſperſe the matters adherent to the machine that turns round; 

<lb></lb>whereupon many were of opinion, and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> amongſt the reſt, 

<lb></lb>that if the Earth ſhould turn round with ſo great velocity, the 

<lb></lb>ſtones and creatures upon it ſhould be toſt into the Skie, and 

<lb></lb>that there could not be a morter ſtrong enough to faſten buildings 

<lb></lb>ſo to their foundations, but that they would likewiſe ſuffer a like 

<lb></lb>extruſion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Before I come to anſwer this objection, I cannot but 

<lb></lb>take notice of that which I have an hundred times obſerved, and 

<lb></lb>not without laughter, to come into the minds of moſt men ſo ſoon 

<lb></lb>as ever they hear mention made of this motion of the Earth, which 

<lb></lb>is believed by them ſo fixt and immoveable, that they not only ne­

<lb></lb>ver doubted of that reſt, but have ever ſtrongly believed that all 

<lb></lb>other men aſwell as they, have held it to be created immoveable, 

<lb></lb>and ſo to have continued through all ſucceeding ages: and being 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg361"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſetled in this perſwaſion, they ſtand amazed to hear that any one 

<lb></lb>ſhould grant it motion, as if, after that he had held it to be immo­

<lb></lb>veable, he had fondly thought it to commence its motion then 

<lb></lb>(and not till then) when <emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagoras<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (or whoever elſe was the firſt 

<lb></lb>hinter of its mobility) ſaid that it did move. </s><s>Now that ſuch a foo­

<lb></lb>liſh conceit (I mean of thinking that thoſe who admit the motion 

<lb></lb>of the Earth, have firſt thought it to ſtand ſtill from its creation, 

<lb></lb>untill the time of <emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagoras,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and have onely made it moveable 

<lb></lb>after that <emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagor as<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> eſteemed it ſo) findeth a place in the mindes 

<lb></lb>of the vulgar, and men of ſhallow capacities, I do not much won­

<lb></lb>der; but that ſuch perſons as <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhould alſo 

<lb></lb>run into this childiſh miſtake, is to my thinking a more admirable 

<lb></lb>and unpardonable folly.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg361"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſtupidity of 

<lb></lb>ſome that think the 

<lb></lb>Earth to have be­

<lb></lb>gun to move, when<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Pythagoras <emph type="italics"></emph>began 

<lb></lb>to affirme that it 

<lb></lb>did ſo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You believe then, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> thought, that 

<lb></lb>in his Diſputation he was to maintain the ſtability of the Earth 

<lb></lb>againſt ſuch perſons, as granting it to have been immoveable, un­

<lb></lb>till the time of <emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagoras,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> did affirm it to have been but then 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/176.jpg" pagenum="168"></pb>made moveable, when the ſaid <emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagoras<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> aſcribed unto it mo­

<lb></lb>tion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We can think no other, if we do but conſider the way 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg362"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>he taketh to confute their aſſertion; the confutation of which 

<lb></lb>conſiſts in the demolition of buildings, and the toſſing of ſtones, 

<lb></lb>living creatures and men themſelves up into the Air. </s><s>And be­

<lb></lb>cauſe ſuch overthrows and extruſions cannot be made upon buil­

<lb></lb>dings and men, which were not before on the Earth, nor can men 

<lb></lb>be placed, nor buildings erected upon the Earth, unleſſe when it 

<lb></lb>ſtandeth ſtill; hence therefore it is cleer, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> argueth a­

<lb></lb>gainſt thoſe, who having granted the ſtability of the Earth for 

<lb></lb>ſome time, that is, ſo long as living creatures, ſtones, and Maſons 

<lb></lb>were able to abide there, and to build Palaces and Cities, make it 

<lb></lb>afterwards precipitately moveable to the overthrow and deſtructi­

<lb></lb>of Edifices, and living creatures, &amp;c. </s><s>For if he had undertook to 

<lb></lb>diſpute againſt ſuch as had aſcribed that revolution to the Earth 

<lb></lb>from its firſt creation, he would have confuted them by ſaying, 

<lb></lb>that if the Earth had alwayes moved, there could never have been 

<lb></lb>placed upon it either men or ſtones; much leſs could buildings 

<lb></lb>have been erected, or Cities founded, &amp;c.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg362"></margin.target>Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>and<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Ptolomy <emph type="italics"></emph>ſeem to 

<lb></lb>confute the mobili­

<lb></lb>ty of the Earth a­

<lb></lb>gainſt thoſe who 

<lb></lb>thought that it ha­

<lb></lb>ving a long time 

<lb></lb>ſtood still, did be­

<lb></lb>gin to move in the 

<lb></lb>time of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Pythagoras</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I do not well conceive theſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotelick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolo­

<lb></lb>maick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> inconveniences.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> either argueth againſt thoſe who have eſteem­

<lb></lb>ed the Earth always moveable; or againſt ſuch as have held that 

<lb></lb>it ſtood for ſome time ſtill, and hath ſince been ſet on moving. 

<lb></lb></s><s>If againſt the firſt, he ought to ſay, that the Earth did not always 

<lb></lb>move, for that then there would never have been men, animals, or 

<lb></lb>edifices on the Earth, its <emph type="italics"></emph>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> not permitting them to ſtay 

<lb></lb>thereon. </s><s>But in that he arguing, ſaith that the Earth doth not 

<lb></lb>move, becauſe that beaſts, men, and houſes before plac&#039;d on the 

<lb></lb>Earth would precipitate, he ſuppoſeth the Earth to have been once 

<lb></lb>in ſuch a ſtate, as that it did admit men and beaſts to ſtay, and 

<lb></lb>build thereon; the which draweth on the conſequence, that it 

<lb></lb>did for ſome time ſtand ſtill, to wit, was apt for the abode of a­

<lb></lb>nimals and erection of buildings. </s><s>Do you now conceive what I 

<lb></lb>would ſay?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I do, and I do not: but this little importeth to the 

<lb></lb>merit of the cauſe; nor can a ſmall miſtake of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomey,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> com­

<lb></lb>mitted through inadvertencie be ſufficient to move the Earth, 

<lb></lb>when it is immoveable. </s><s>But omitting cavils, let us come to the 

<lb></lb>ſubſtance of the argument, which to me ſeems unanſwerable.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And I, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will drive it home, and re-inforce it, 

<lb></lb>by ſhewing yet more ſenſibly, that it is true that grave bodies 

<lb></lb>turn&#039;d with velocity about a ſettled centre, do acquire an <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>of moving, and receding to a diſtance from that centre, even 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/177.jpg" pagenum="169"></pb>then when they are in a ſtate of having a propenſion of moving 

<lb></lb>naturally to the ſame. </s><s>Tie a bottle that hath water in it, to 

<lb></lb>the end of a cord, and holding the other end faſt in your hand, 

<lb></lb>and making the cord and your arm the ſemi-diameter, and the 

<lb></lb>knitting of the ſhoulder the centre, ſwing the bottle very faſt a­

<lb></lb>bout, ſo as that it may deſcribe the circumference of a circle, 

<lb></lb>which, whether it be parallel to the Horizon, or perpendicular to 

<lb></lb>it, or any way inclined, it ſhall in all caſes follow, that the wa­

<lb></lb>ter will not fall out of the bottle: nay, he that ſhall ſwing it, 

<lb></lb>ſhall find the cord always draw, and ſtrive to go farther from the 

<lb></lb>ſhoulder. </s><s>And if you bore a hole in the bottom of the bottle, 

<lb></lb>you ſhall ſee the water ſpout forth no leſs upwards into the skie, 

<lb></lb>than laterally, and downwards to the Earth; and if inſtead of wa­

<lb></lb>ter, you ſhall put little pebble ſtones into the bottle, and ſwing it 

<lb></lb>in the ſame manner, you ſhall find that they will ſtrive in the like 

<lb></lb>manner againſt the cord. </s><s>And laſtly, we ſee boys throw ſtones 

<lb></lb>a great way, by ſwinging round a piece of a ſtick, at the end of 

<lb></lb>which the ſtone is let into a ſlit <emph type="italics"></emph>(which ſtick is called by them a 

<lb></lb>ſling;)<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> all which are arguments of the truth of the concluſion, 

<lb></lb>to wit, that the <emph type="italics"></emph>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or ſwing conferreth upon the moveable, 

<lb></lb>a motion towards the circumference, in caſe the motion be ſwift: 

<lb></lb>and therefore if the Earth revolve about its own centre, the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the ſuperficies, and eſpecially towards the great circle, 

<lb></lb>as being incomparably more ſwift than thoſe before named, ought 

<lb></lb>to extrude all things up into the air.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The Argument ſeemeth to me very well proved and 

<lb></lb>inforced; and I believe it would be an hard matter to anſwer and 

<lb></lb>overthrow it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Its ſolution dependeth upon certain notions no leſs 

<lb></lb>known and believed by you, than by my ſelf: but becauſe they 

<lb></lb>come not into your mind, therefore it is that you perceive not the 

<lb></lb>anſwer; wherefore, without telling you it (for that you know the 

<lb></lb>ſame already) I ſhall with onely aſſiſting your memory, make you 

<lb></lb>to refute this argument.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I have often thought of your way of arguing, which 

<lb></lb>hath made me almoſt think that you lean to that opinion of <emph type="italics"></emph>Pla-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg363"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>to, Quòd noſtrum ſcire ſit quoddam reminiſci<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; therefore I intreat 

<lb></lb>you to free me from this doubt, by letting me know your judg­

<lb></lb>ment.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg363"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Our krowledg is 

<lb></lb>a kind of reminiſ­

<lb></lb>cence according to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Plato.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>What I think of the opinion of <emph type="italics"></emph>Plato,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> you may gather 

<lb></lb>from my words and actions. </s><s>I have already in the precedent con­

<lb></lb>ferences expreſly declared my ſelf more than once; I will purſue 

<lb></lb>the ſame ſtyle in the preſent caſe, which may hereafter ſerve you 

<lb></lb>for an example, thereby the more eaſily to gather what my opi­

<lb></lb>nion is touching the attainment of knowledg, when a time ſhall 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/178.jpg" pagenum="170"></pb>offer upon ſome other day: but I would not have <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of­

<lb></lb>fended at this digreſſion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am rather very much pleaſed with it, for that I re­

<lb></lb>member that when I ſtudied Logick, I could never comprehend that 

<lb></lb>ſo much cry&#039;d up and moſt potent demonſtration of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Let us go on therefore; and let <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> tell me 

<lb></lb>what that motion is which the ſtone maketh that is held faſt in the 

<lb></lb>ſlit of the ſling, when the boy ſwings it about to throw it a great 

<lb></lb>way?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The motion of the ſtone, ſo long as it is in the ſlit, is 

<lb></lb>circular, that is, moveth by the arch of a circle, whoſe ſtedfaſt 

<lb></lb>centre is the knitting of the ſhoulder, and its ſemi-diameter the arm 

<lb></lb>and ſtick.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And when the ſtone leaveth the ſling, what is its mo­

<lb></lb>tion? </s><s>Doth it continue to follow its former circle, or doth it go 

<lb></lb>by another line?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It will continue no longer to ſwing round, for then it 

<lb></lb>would not go farther from the arm of the projicient, whereas 

<lb></lb>we ſee it go a great way off.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>With what motion doth it move then?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Give me a little time to think thereof; For I have ne­

<lb></lb>ver conſidered it before.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Hark hither, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; this is the <emph type="italics"></emph>Quoddam reminiſci<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>in a ſubject well underſtood. </s><s>You have pauſed a great while, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>As far as I can ſee, the motion received in going out of 

<lb></lb>the ſling, can be no other than by a right line; nay, it muſt ne­

<lb></lb>ceſſarily be ſo, if we ſpeak of the pure adventitious <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I 

<lb></lb>was a little puzled to ſee it make an arch, but becauſe that arch 

<lb></lb>bended all the way upwards, and no other way, I conceive that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg364"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that incurvation cometh from the gravity of the ſtone, which na­

<lb></lb>turally draweth it downwards. </s><s>The impreſſed <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I ſay, 

<lb></lb>without reſpecting the natural, is by a right line.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg364"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motion im­

<lb></lb>preſſed by the pro­

<lb></lb>jicient is onely by a 

<lb></lb>right line.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But by what right line? </s><s>Becauſe infinite, and towards 

<lb></lb>every ſide may be produced from the ſlit of the ſling, and from the 

<lb></lb>point of the ſtones ſeparation from the ſling.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It moveth by that line which goeth directly from the 

<lb></lb>motion which the ſtone made in the ſling.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The motion of the ſtone whilſt it was in the ſlit, you 

<lb></lb>have affirmed already to be circular; now circularity oppoſeth 

<lb></lb>directneſs, there not being in the circular line any part that is di­

<lb></lb>rect or ſtreight.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP I mean not that the projected motion is direct in re­

<lb></lb>ſpect of the whole circle, but in reference to that ultimate point, 

<lb></lb>where the circular motion determineth. </s><s>I know what I would 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/179.jpg" pagenum="171"></pb>ſay, but do not well know how to expreſs my ſelf.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And I alſo perceive that you underſtand the buſineſs, 

<lb></lb>but that you have not the proper terms, wherewith to expreſs the 

<lb></lb>ſame. </s><s>Now theſe I can eaſily teach you; teach you, that is, as 

<lb></lb>to the words, but not as to the truths, which are things. </s><s>And that 

<lb></lb>you may plainly ſee that you know the thing I ask you, and onely 

<lb></lb>want language to expreſs it, tell me, when you ſhoot a bullet out 

<lb></lb>of a gun, towards what part is it, that its acquired <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> carri­

<lb></lb>eth it?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Its acquired <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> carrieth it in a right line, which 

<lb></lb>continueth the rectitude of the barrel, that is, which inclineth nei­

<lb></lb>ther to the right hand nor to the left, nor upwards not down­

<lb></lb>wards.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Which in ſhort is aſmuch as to ſay, it maketh no angle 

<lb></lb>with the line of ſtreight motion made by the ſling.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>So I would have ſaid.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If then the line of the projects motion be to continue 

<lb></lb>without making an angle upon the circular line deſcribed by it, 

<lb></lb>whilſt it was with the projicient; and if from this circular motion it 

<lb></lb>ought to paſs to the right motion, what ought this right line to be?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It muſt needs be that which toucheth the circle in the 

<lb></lb>point of ſeparation, for that all others, in my opinion, being pro­

<lb></lb>longed would interſect the circumference, and by that means make 

<lb></lb>ſome angle therewith.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You have argued very well, and ſhewn your ſelf half a 

<lb></lb>Geometrician. </s><s>Keep in mind therefore, that your true opinion 

<lb></lb>is expreſt in theſe words, namely, That the project acquireth an 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of moving by the Tangent, the arch deſcribed by the 

<lb></lb>motion of the projicient, in the point of the ſaid projects ſepara­

<lb></lb>tion from the projicient.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I underſtand you very well, and this is that which I 

<lb></lb>would ſay.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Of a right line which toucheth a circle, which of its 

<lb></lb>points is the neareſt to the centre of that circle?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>That of the contact without doubt: for that is in the 

<lb></lb>circumference of a circle, and the reſt without: and the points of 

<lb></lb>the circumference are all equidiſtant from the centre.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore a moveable departing from the contact, and 

<lb></lb>moving by the ſtreight Tangent, goeth continually farther and 

<lb></lb>farther from the contact, and alſo from the centre of the circle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It doth ſo doubtleſs.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now if you have kept in mind the propoſitions, which 

<lb></lb>you have told me, lay them together, and tell me what you gather 

<lb></lb>from them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think I am not ſo forgetful, but that I do remember 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/180.jpg" pagenum="172"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg365"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>them. </s><s>From the things premiſed I gather that the project ſwiftly 

<lb></lb>ſwinged round by the projicient, in its ſeparating from it, doth re­

<lb></lb>tain an <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of continuing its motion by the right line, which 

<lb></lb>toucheth the circle deſcribed by the motion of the projicient in 

<lb></lb>the point of ſeparation, by which motion the project goeth con­

<lb></lb>tinually receding from the centre of the circle deſcribed by the 

<lb></lb>motion of the projicient.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg365"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The project mo­

<lb></lb>veth by the Tan­

<lb></lb>gent of the circle of 

<lb></lb>the motion prece­

<lb></lb>dent in the point of 

<lb></lb>ſeparation.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You know then by this time the reaſon why grave bo­

<lb></lb>dies ſticking to the rim of a wheele, ſwiftly moved, are extruded 

<lb></lb>and thrown beyond the circumference to yet a farther diſtance 

<lb></lb>from the centre.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think I underſtand this very well; but this new know­

<lb></lb>ledg rather increaſeth than leſſeneth my incredulity that the Earth 

<lb></lb>can turn round with ſo great velocity, without extruding up into 

<lb></lb>the sky, ſtones, animals, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In the ſame manner that you have underſtood all this, 

<lb></lb>you ſhall, nay you do underſtand the reſt: and with recollecting 

<lb></lb>your ſelf, you may remember the ſame without the help of o­

<lb></lb>thers: but that we may loſe no time, I will help your memory 

<lb></lb>therein. </s><s>You do already know of your ſelf, that the circular mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the projicient impreſſeth on the project an <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of mo­

<lb></lb>ving (when they come to ſeparate) by the right Tangent, the 

<lb></lb>circle of the motion in the point of ſeparation, and continuing a­

<lb></lb>long by the ſame the motion ever goeth receding farther and far­

<lb></lb>ther from the projicient: and you have ſaid, that the project 

<lb></lb>would continue to move along by that right line, if there were not 

<lb></lb>by its proper weight an inclination of deſcent added unto it; from 

<lb></lb>which the incurvation of the line of motion is derived. </s><s>It ſeems 

<lb></lb>moreover that you knew of your ſelf, that this incurvation al­

<lb></lb>ways bended towards the centre of the Earth, for thither do all 

<lb></lb>grave bodies tend. </s><s>Now I proceed a little farther, and ask you, whe­

<lb></lb>ther the moveable after its ſeparation, in continuing the right mo­

<lb></lb>tion goeth always equally receding from the centre, or if you will, 

<lb></lb>from the circumference of that circle, of which the precedent mo­

<lb></lb>tion was a part; which is as much as to ſay, Whether a moveable, 

<lb></lb>that forſaking the point of a Tangent, and moving along by the 

<lb></lb>ſaid Tangent, doth equally recede from the point of contact, and 

<lb></lb>from the circumference of the circle?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. No, Sir: for the Tangent near to the point of contact, 

<lb></lb>recedeth very little from the circumference, wherewith it keepeth 

<lb></lb>a very narrow angle, but in its going farther and farther 

<lb></lb>off, the diſtance always encreaſeth with a greater proportion; ſo 

<lb></lb>that in a circle that ſhould have <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ten yards of diameter, a point 

<lb></lb>of the Tangent that was diſtant from the contact but two palms, 

<lb></lb>would be three or four times as far diſtant from the circumference 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/181.jpg" pagenum="173"></pb>of the circle, as a point that was diſtant from the contaction one 

<lb></lb>palm, and the point that was diſtant half a palm, I likewiſe believe 

<lb></lb>would ſcarſe recede the fourth part of the diſtance of the ſecond: 

<lb></lb>fo that within an inch or two of the contact, the ſeparation of the 

<lb></lb>Tangent from the circumference is ſcarſe diſcernable.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that the receſſion of the project from the circumfe­

<lb></lb>rence of the precedent circular motion is very ſmall in the begin­

<lb></lb>ing?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Almoſt inſenſible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now tell me a little; the project, which from the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the projicient receiveth an <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of moving along the 

<lb></lb>Tangent in a right line, and that would keep unto the ſame, did 

<lb></lb>not its own weight depreſs it downwards, how long is it after the 

<lb></lb>ſeparation, ere it begin to decline downwards.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe that it beginneth preſently; for it not ha­

<lb></lb>ving any thing to uphold it, its proper gravity cannot but ope­

<lb></lb>rate.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg366"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg366"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A grave project, 

<lb></lb>as ſoon as it is ſe­

<lb></lb>parated from the 

<lb></lb>projicient begineth 

<lb></lb>to decline.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that, if that ſame ſtone, which being extruded from 

<lb></lb>that wheel turn&#039;d about very faſt, had as great a natural propen­

<lb></lb>ſion of moving towards the centre of the ſaid wheel, as it hath to 

<lb></lb>move towards the centre of the Earth, it would be an eaſie mat­

<lb></lb>ter for it to return unto the wheel, or rather not to depart from it; 

<lb></lb>in regard that upon the begining of the ſeparation, the receſſion be­

<lb></lb>ing ſo ſinall, by reaſon of the infinite acuteneſs of the angle of 

<lb></lb>contact, every very little of inclination that draweth it back to­

<lb></lb>wards the centie of the wheel, would be ſufficient to retain it up­

<lb></lb>on the rim or circumference.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I queſtion not, but that if one ſuppoſe that which nei­

<lb></lb>ther is, nor can be, to wit, that the inclination of thoſe grave bo­

<lb></lb>dies was to go towards the centre of the wheel, they would never 

<lb></lb>come to be extruded or ſhaken off.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But I neither do, nor need to ſuppoſe that which is not; 

<lb></lb>for I will not deny but that the ſtones are extruded. </s><s>Yet I ſpeak 

<lb></lb>this by way of ſuppoſition, to the end that you might grant me 

<lb></lb>the reſt. </s><s>Now fancy to your ſelf, that the Earth is that great 

<lb></lb>wheel, which moved with ſo great velocity is to extrude the ſtones. 

<lb></lb></s><s>You could tell me very well even now, that the motion of proje­

<lb></lb>ction ought to be by that right line which toucheth the Earth in 

<lb></lb>the point of ſeparation: and this Tangent, how doth it notably 

<lb></lb>recede from the ſuperficies of the Terreſtrial Globe?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe, that in a thouſand yards, it will not recede 

<lb></lb>from the Earth an inch.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And did you not ſay, that the project being drawn by 

<lb></lb>its own weight, declineth from the Tangent towards the centre of 

<lb></lb>the Earth?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/182.jpg" pagenum="174"></pb><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I ſaid ſo, and alſo confeſſe the reſt: and do now plainly 

<lb></lb>underſtand that the ſtone will not ſeparate from the Earth, for 

<lb></lb>that its receſſion in the beginning would be ſuch, and ſo ſmall, 

<lb></lb>that it is a thouſand times exceeded by the inclination which the 

<lb></lb>ſtone hath to move towards the centre of the Earth, which cen­

<lb></lb>tre in this caſe is alſo the centre of the wheel. </s><s>And indeed it muſt 

<lb></lb>be confeſſed that the ſtones, the living creatures, and the other 

<lb></lb>grave bodies cannot be extruded; but here again the lighter things 

<lb></lb>beget in me a new doubt, they having but a very weak propenſion 

<lb></lb>of deſcent towards the centre; ſo that there being wanting in 

<lb></lb>them that faculty of withdrawing from the ſuperficies, I ſee not, 

<lb></lb>but that they may be extruded; and you know the rule, that <emph type="italics"></emph>ad 

<lb></lb>deſtruendum ſufficit unum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAVL. </s><s>We will alſo give you ſatisfaction in this. </s><s>Tell me 

<lb></lb>therefore in the firſt place, what you underſtand by light matters, 

<lb></lb>that is, whether you thereby mean things really ſo light, as that 

<lb></lb>they go upwards, or elſe not abſolutely light, but of ſo ſmall gra­

<lb></lb>vity, that though they deſcend downwards, it is but very ſlowly; 

<lb></lb>for if you mean the abſolutely light, I will be readier than your 

<lb></lb>ſelf to admit their extruſion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I ſpeak of the other ſort, ſuch as are feathers, wool, cot­

<lb></lb>ton, and the like; to lift up which every ſmall force ſufficeth: 

<lb></lb>yet nevertheleſſe we ſee they reſt on the Earth very quietly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This pen, as it hath a natural propenſion to deſcend to­

<lb></lb>wards the ſuperficies of the Earth, though it be very ſmall, yet I 

<lb></lb>muſt tell you that it ſufficeth to keep it from mounting upwards: 

<lb></lb>and this again is not unknown to you your ſelf; therefore tell me 

<lb></lb>if the pen were extruded by the <emph type="italics"></emph>Vertigo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the Earth, by what 

<lb></lb>line would it move?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>By the tangent in the point of ſeparation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And when it ſhould be to return, and re-unite it ſelf to 

<lb></lb>the Earth, by what line would it then move?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>By that which goeth from it to the centre of the 

<lb></lb>Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So then here falls under our conſideration two moti­

<lb></lb>ons; one the motion of projection, which beginneth from the 

<lb></lb>point of contact, and proceedeth along the tangent; and the o­

<lb></lb>ther the motion of inclination downwards, which beginneth from 

<lb></lb>the project it ſelf, and goeth by the ſecant towards the centre; and 

<lb></lb>if you deſire that the projection follow, it is neceſſary that the <emph type="italics"></emph>im­

<lb></lb>petus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by the tangent overcome the inclination by the ſecant: is it 

<lb></lb>not ſo?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>So it ſeemeth to me.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But what is it that you think neceſſary in the motion 

<lb></lb>of the projicient, to make that it may prevail over that inclina­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/183.jpg" pagenum="175"></pb>tion, from which enſueth the ſeparation and elongation of the 

<lb></lb>pen from the Earth?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I cannot tell.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. How, do you not know that? </s><s>The moveable is here 

<lb></lb>the ſame, that is, the ſame pen; now how can the ſame moveable 

<lb></lb>ſuperate and exceed it ſelf in motion?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I do not ſee how it can overcome or yield to it ſelf in 

<lb></lb>motion, unleſſe by moving one while faſter, and another while 

<lb></lb>ſlower.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You ſee then, that you do know it. </s><s>If therefore the 

<lb></lb>projection of the pen ought to follow, and its motion by the tan­

<lb></lb>gent be to overcome its motion by the ſecant, what is it requiſite 

<lb></lb>that their velocities ſhould be?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It is requiſite that the motion by the tangent be greater 

<lb></lb>than that other by the ſecant. </s><s>But wretch that I am! Is it not 

<lb></lb>only many thouſand times greater than the deſcending motion of 

<lb></lb>the pen, but than that of the ſtone? </s><s>And yet like a ſimple fellow 

<lb></lb>I had ſuffered my ſelf to be perſwaded, that ſtones could not be 

<lb></lb>extruded by the revolution of the Earth. </s><s>I do therefore revoke 

<lb></lb>my former ſentence, and ſay, that if the Earth ſhould move, 

<lb></lb>ſtones, Elephants, Towers, and whole Cities would of neceſſity be 

<lb></lb>toſt up into the Air; and becauſe that that doth not evene, I con­

<lb></lb>clude that the Earth doth not move.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Softly <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> you go on ſo faſt, that I begin to be 

<lb></lb>more afraid for you, than for the pen. </s><s>Reſt a little, and obſerve what 

<lb></lb>I am going to ſpeap. </s><s>If for the reteining of the ſtone or pen an­

<lb></lb>nexed to the Earths ſurface it were neceſſary that its motion of 

<lb></lb>deſcent were greater, or as much as the motion made by the tan­

<lb></lb>gent; you would have had reaſon to ſay, that it ought of neceſſity 

<lb></lb>to move as faſt, or faſter by the ſecant downwards, than by the 

<lb></lb>tangent Eaſtwards: But did not you tell me even now, that a 

<lb></lb>thouſand yards of diſtance by the tangent from the contact, do 

<lb></lb>remove hardly an inch from the circumference? </s><s>It is not ſuffici­

<lb></lb>ent therefore that the motion by the tangent, which is the ſame 

<lb></lb>with that of the diurnall <emph type="italics"></emph>Vertigo,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (or haſty revolution) be fimply 

<lb></lb>more ſwift than the motion by the ſecant, which is the ſame with 

<lb></lb>that of the pen in deſcending; but it is requiſite that the ſame be 

<lb></lb>ſo much more ſwift as that the time which ſufficeth for the pen 

<lb></lb>to move <emph type="italics"></emph>v.g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a thouſand yards by the tangent, be inſufficient for 

<lb></lb>it to move one ſole inch by the ſecant. </s><s>The which I tell you ſhall 

<lb></lb>never be, though you ſhould make that motion never ſo ſwift, 

<lb></lb>and this never ſo ſlow.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>And why might not that by the tangent be ſo ſwift, as 

<lb></lb>not to give the pen time to return to the ſurface of the Earth?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Try whether you can ſtate the caſe in proper termes, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/184.jpg" pagenum="176"></pb>and I will give you an anſwer. </s><s>Tell me therefore, how much do 

<lb></lb>you think ſufficeth to make that motion ſwifter than this?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will ſay for example, that if that motion by the tan­

<lb></lb>gent were a million of times ſwifter than this by the ſecant, the 

<lb></lb>pen, yea, and the ſtone alſo would come to be extruded.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You ſay ſo, and ſay that which is falſe, onely for 

<lb></lb>want, not of Logick, Phyſicks, or Metaphyſicks, but of Geome­

<lb></lb>try; for if you did but underſtand its firſt elements, you would 

<lb></lb>know, that from the centre of a circle a right line may be drawn 

<lb></lb>to meet the tangent, which interſecteth it in ſuch a manner, that 

<lb></lb>the part of the tangent between the contact and the ſecant, may 

<lb></lb>be one, two, or three millions of times greater than that part of 

<lb></lb>the ſecant which lieth between the tangent and the circumference, 

<lb></lb>and that the neerer and neerer the ſecant ſhall be to the contact, 

<lb></lb>this proportion ſhall grow greater and greater <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; ſo 

<lb></lb>that it need not be feared, though the <emph type="italics"></emph>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> be ſwift, and the 

<lb></lb>motion downwards ſlow, that the pen or other lighter matter can 

<lb></lb>begin to riſe upwards, for that the inclination downwards always 

<lb></lb>exceedeth the velocity of the projection.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I do not perfectly apprehend this buſineſſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will give you a moſt univerſal yet very eaſie demon­</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg367"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſtration thereof. </s><s>Let a proportion be given between B A [<emph type="italics"></emph>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>3.] and C: And let B A be greater than C at pleaſure. </s><s>And let 

<lb></lb>there be deſcribed a circle, whoſe centre is D. </s><s>From which it is 

<lb></lb>required to draw a ſecant, in ſuch manner, that the tangent may 

<lb></lb>be in proportion to the ſaid ſecant, as B A to C. </s><s>Let A I be 

<lb></lb>ſuppoſed a third proportional to B A and C. </s><s>And as B I is to 

<lb></lb>I A, ſo let the diameter F E be to E G; and from the point G, 

<lb></lb>let there be drawn the tangent G H. </s><s>I ſay that all this is done as 

<lb></lb>was required; and as B A is to C, ſo is H G to G E. </s><s>And in re­

<lb></lb>gard that as B I is to I A, ſo is F E to E G; therefore by compo­

<lb></lb>ſition, as B A is to A I; ſo ſhall F G be to G E. </s><s>And becauſe C 

<lb></lb>is the middle proportion between <emph type="italics"></emph>B<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> A and A I; and G H is a 

<lb></lb>middle term between F G and G E; therefore, as B A is to C, 

<lb></lb>ſo ſhall F G be to G H; that is H G to G E, which was to be 

<lb></lb>demonſtrated.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg367"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A geometrical 

<lb></lb>demonſtration to 

<lb></lb>prove the impoſſi­

<lb></lb>bility of extruſion 

<lb></lb>by means of the 

<lb></lb>terreſtrial<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> vertigo.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I apprehend this demonſtration; yet nevertheleſſe, I 

<lb></lb>am not left wholly without hæſitation; for I find certain confu­

<lb></lb>ſed ſcruples role to and again in my mind, which like thick and 

<lb></lb>dark clouds, permit me not to diſcern the cleerneſſe and neceſſity 

<lb></lb>of the concluſion with that perſpicuity, which is uſual in Mathe­

<lb></lb>matical Demonſtrations. </s><s>And that which I ſtick at is this. </s><s>It is 

<lb></lb>true that the ſpaces between the tangent and the circumference do 

<lb></lb>gradually diminiſh <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> towards the contact; but it is alſo 

<lb></lb>true on the contrary, that the propenſion of the moveable to 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/185.jpg" pagenum="177"></pb>deſcending groweth leſs &amp; leſs in it, the nearer it is to the firſt term 

<lb></lb>of its deſcent; that is, to the ſtate of reſt; as is manifeſt from that 

<lb></lb>which you declare unto us, demonſtrating that the deſcending grave 

<lb></lb>body departing from reſt, ought to paſſe thorow all the degrees of 

<lb></lb>tardity comprehended between the ſaid reſt, &amp; any aſſigned degree 

<lb></lb>of velocity, the which grow leſs and leſs <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> To which may 

<lb></lb>be added, that the ſaid velocity and propenſion to motion, doth for 

<lb></lb>another reaſon diminiſh to infinity; and it is becauſe the gravity of 

<lb></lb>the ſaid moveable may infinitely diminiſh. </s><s>So that the cauſes which 

<lb></lb>diminiſh the propenſion of aſcending, and conſequently favour 

<lb></lb>the projection, are two; that is, the levity of the moveable, and its 

<lb></lb>vicinity to the ſtate of reſt; both which are augmentable <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and theſe two on the contrary being to contract but with one ſole 

<lb></lb>cauſe of making the projection, I cannot conceive how it alone, al­

<lb></lb>though it alſo do admit of infinite augmentation, ſhould be able to 

<lb></lb>remain invincible againſt the union &amp; confederacy of the others, w^{ch} 

<lb></lb>are two, and are in like manner capable of infinite augmentation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is a doubt worthy of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and to explain it ſo as 

<lb></lb>that we may more cleerly apprehend it, for that you ſay that you 

<lb></lb>your ſelf have but a confuſed <emph type="italics"></emph>Idea<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of it, we will diſtinguiſh of the 

<lb></lb>ſame by reducing it into figure; which may alſo perhaps afford us 

<lb></lb>ſome caſe in reſolving the ſame. </s><s>Let us therefore [<emph type="italics"></emph>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4.] draw 

<lb></lb>a perpendicular line towards the centre, and let it be AC, and to it 

<lb></lb>at right angles let there be drawn the Horizontal line A <emph type="italics"></emph>B,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> upon 

<lb></lb>which the motion of the projection ought to be made; now the pro­

<lb></lb>ject would continue to move along the ſame with an even motion, if 

<lb></lb>ſo be its gravity did not incline it downwards. </s><s>Let us ſuppoſe from 

<lb></lb>the point A a right line to be drawn, that may make any angle at 

<lb></lb>pleaſure with the line A B; which let be A E, and upon A<emph type="italics"></emph>B<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> let us 

<lb></lb>mark ſome equal ſpaces AF, FH, HK, and from them let us let fall 

<lb></lb>the perpendiculars FG, HI, K L, as far as AE. </s><s>And becauſe, as al 

<lb></lb>ready hath been ſaid, the deſcending grave body departing from reſt, 

<lb></lb>goeth from time to time acquiring a greater degree of velocity, 

<lb></lb>according as the ſaid time doth ſucceſſively encreaſe; we may con­

<lb></lb>ceive the ſpaces AF, FH, HK, to repreſent unto us equal times; and 

<lb></lb>the perpendiculars FG, HI, KL, degrees of velocity acquired in the 

<lb></lb>ſaid times; ſo that the degree of velocity acquired in the whole time 

<lb></lb>A K, is as the line K L, in reſpect to the degree H I, acquired in the 

<lb></lb>time AH, and the degree FG in the time AF; the which degrees KL, 

<lb></lb>HI, FG, are (as is manifeſt) the ſame in proportion, as the times K A, 

<lb></lb>HA, F A, and if other perpendiculars were drawn from the points 

<lb></lb>marked at pleaſure in the line F A, one might ſucceſſively find de­

<lb></lb>grees leſſe and leſſe <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> proceeding towards the point A, 

<lb></lb>repreſenting the firſt inſtant of time, and the firſt ſtate of reſt. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>this retreat towards A, repreſenteth the firſt propenſion to the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/186.jpg" pagenum="178"></pb>motion of deſcent, diminiſhed <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by the approach of 

<lb></lb>the moveable to the firſt ſtate of reſt, which approximation is 

<lb></lb>augmentable <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Now let us find the other diminution 

<lb></lb>of velocity, which likewiſe may proceed to infinity, by the di­

<lb></lb>minution of the gravity of the moveable, and this ſhall be repre­

<lb></lb>ſented by drawing other lines from the point A, which contein 

<lb></lb>angles leſſe than the angle B A E, which would be this line A D, 

<lb></lb>the which interſecting the parallels K L, H I, F G, in the points 

<lb></lb>M, N, and O, repreſent unto us the degrees F O, H N, K M, 

<lb></lb>acquired in the times A F, A H, A K, leſſe than the other de­

<lb></lb>grees F G, H I, K L, acquired in the ſame times; but theſe 

<lb></lb>latter by a moveable more ponderous, and thoſe other by a 

<lb></lb>moveable more <emph type="italics"></emph>light.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And it is manifeſt, that by the retreat of 

<lb></lb>the line E A towards A B, contracting the angle E A B (the 

<lb></lb>which may be done <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> like as the gravity may <emph type="italics"></emph>in infi­

<lb></lb>nitum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> be diminiſhed) the velocity of the cadent moveable may 

<lb></lb>in like manner be diminiſhed <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and ſo conſequently 

<lb></lb>the cauſe that impeded the projection; and therefore my thinks 

<lb></lb>that the union of theſe two reaſons againſt the projection, dimi­

<lb></lb>niſhed to infinity, cannot be any impediment to the ſaid proje­

<lb></lb>ction. </s><s>And couching the whole argument in its ſhorteſt terms, we 

<lb></lb>will ſay, that by contracting the angle E A B, the degrees of ve­

<lb></lb>locity L K, I H, G F, are diminiſhed; and moreover by the re­

<lb></lb>treat of the parallels K L, H I, F G, towards the angle A, the 

<lb></lb>fame degrees are again diminiſhed; and both theſe diminutions 

<lb></lb>extend to infinity: Therefore the velocity of the motion of de­

<lb></lb>ſcent may very well diminiſh ſo much, (it admitting of a twoſold 

<lb></lb>diminution <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>) as that it may not ſuffice to reſtore the 

<lb></lb>moveable to the circumference of the wheel, and thereupon may 

<lb></lb>occaſion the projection to be hindered and wholly obviated.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Again on the contrary, to impede the projection, it is neceſ­

<lb></lb>ſary that the ſpaces by which the project is to deſcend for the 

<lb></lb>reuniting it ſelf to the Wheel, be made ſo ſhort and cloſe toge­

<lb></lb>ther, that though the deſcent of the moveable be retarded, yea 

<lb></lb>more, diminiſhed <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> yet it ſufficeth to reconduct it thither: 

<lb></lb>and therefore it would be requiſite, that you find out a diminuti­

<lb></lb>on of the ſaid ſpaces, not only produced to infinity, but to ſuch an 

<lb></lb>infinity, as that it may ſuperate the double infinity that is made in 

<lb></lb>the diminution of the velocity of the deſcending moveable. </s><s>But 

<lb></lb>how can a magnitude be diminiſhed more than another, which 

<lb></lb>hath a twofold diminution <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? </s><s>Now let <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ob­

<lb></lb>ſerve how hard it is to philoſophate well in nature, without <emph type="italics"></emph>Geo­

<lb></lb>metry.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> The degrees of velocity diminiſhed <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as well 

<lb></lb>by the diminution of the gravity of the moveable, as by the ap­

<lb></lb>proxination to the firſt term of the motion, that is, to the ſtate 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/187.jpg" pagenum="179"></pb>of reſt, are alwayes determinate, and anſwer in proportion to the 

<lb></lb>parallels comprehended between two right lines that concur in 

<lb></lb>an angle, like to the angle B A E, or B A D, or any other 

<lb></lb>infinitely more acute, alwayes provided it be rectilineall­

<lb></lb>But the diminution of the ſpaces thorow which the moveable is 

<lb></lb>to be conducted along the circumference of the wheel, is propor­

<lb></lb>tionate to another kind of diminution, comprehended between 

<lb></lb>lines that contain an angle infinitely more narrow and acute, than 

<lb></lb>any rectilineal angle, how acute ſoever, which is that in our pre­

<lb></lb>ſent caſe. </s><s>Let any point be taken in the perpendicular A C, and 

<lb></lb>making it the centre, deſcribe at the diſtance C A, an arch A M P, 

<lb></lb>the which ſhall interſect the parallels that determine the degrees of 

<lb></lb>velocity, though they be very minute, and comprehended within 

<lb></lb>a moſt acute rectilineal angle; of which parallels the parts that 

<lb></lb>lie between the arch and the tangent A B, are the quantities of 

<lb></lb>the ſpaces, and of the returns upon the wheel, alwayes leſſer (and 

<lb></lb>with greater proportion leſſer, by how much neerer they approach 

<lb></lb>to the contact) than the ſaid parallels of which they are parts. 

<lb></lb></s><s>The parallels comprehended between the right lines in retiring to­

<lb></lb>wards the angle diminiſh alwayes at the ſame rate, as <emph type="italics"></emph>v.g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> A H be­

<lb></lb>ing divided in two equal parts in F, the parallel H I ſhall be dou­

<lb></lb>ble to F G, and ſub-dividing F A, in two equal parts, the paral­

<lb></lb>lel produced from the point of the diviſion ſhall be the half of 

<lb></lb>F G; and continuing the ſub-diviſion <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the ſubſequent 

<lb></lb>parallels ſhall be alwayes half of the next preceding; but it doth 

<lb></lb>not ſo fall out in the lines intercepted between the tangent and 

<lb></lb>the circumference of the circle: For if the ſame ſub-diviſion be 

<lb></lb>made in F A; and ſuppoſing for example, that the parallel which 

<lb></lb>cometh from the point H, were double unto that which commeth 

<lb></lb>from F, this ſhall be more then double to the next following, and 

<lb></lb>continually the neerer we come towards the contact A, we ſhall 

<lb></lb>find the precedent lines contein the next following three, four, 

<lb></lb>ten, an hundred, a thouſand, an hundred thouſand, an hundred 

<lb></lb>millions of times, and more <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> The brevity therefore of 

<lb></lb>ſuch lines is ſo reduced, that it far exceeds what is requiſite to make 

<lb></lb>the project, though never ſo light, return, nay more, continue 

<lb></lb>unremoveable upon the circumference.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I very well comprehend the whole diſcourſe, and upon 

<lb></lb>what it layeth all its ſtreſſe, yet nevertheleſſe methinks that he 

<lb></lb>that would take pains to purſue it, might yet ſtart ſome further 

<lb></lb>queſtions, by ſaying, that of thoſe two cauſes which render the 

<lb></lb>deſcent of the moveable ſlower and ſlower <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it is mani­

<lb></lb>feſt, that that which dependeth on the vicinity to the firſt term of 

<lb></lb>the deſcent, increaſeth alwayes in the ſame proportion, like as the 

<lb></lb>parallels alwayes retain the ſame proportion to each other, &amp;c. 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/188.jpg" pagenum="180"></pb>but that the diminution of the ſame velocity, dependent on the 

<lb></lb>diminution of the gravity of the moveable (which vvas the ſecond 

<lb></lb>cauſe) doth alſo obſerve the ſame proportion, doth not ſo plainly 

<lb></lb>appear, And vvho ſhall aſſure us that it doth not proceed accor­

<lb></lb>ding to the proportion of the lines intercepted between the ſecant, 

<lb></lb>and the circumference; or vvhether vvith a greater proportion?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have aſſumed for a truth, that the velocities of movea­

<lb></lb>bles deſcending naturally, vvill follovv the proportion of their gra­

<lb></lb>vities, with the favour of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who doth 

<lb></lb>in many places affirm the ſame, as a propoſition manifeſt: You, 

<lb></lb>in favour of my adverſary, bring the ſame into queſtion, and ſay 

<lb></lb>that its poſſible that the velocity increaſeth with greater propor­

<lb></lb>tion, yea and greater <emph type="italics"></emph>in infinitum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> than that of the gravity; ſo that 

<lb></lb>all that hath been ſaid falleth to the ground: For maintaining 

<lb></lb>whereof, I ſay, that the proportion of the velocities is much leſſe 

<lb></lb>than that of the gravities; and thereby I do not onely ſupport 

<lb></lb>but confirme the premiſes. </s><s>And for proof of this I appeal unto 

<lb></lb>experience, which will ſhew us, that a grave body, howbeit thirty 

<lb></lb>or fourty times bigger then another; as for example, a ball of 

<lb></lb>lead, and another of ſugar, will not move much more than twice 

<lb></lb>as faſt. </s><s>Now if the projection would not be made, albeit the ve­

<lb></lb>locity of the cadent body ſhould diminiſh according to the pro­

<lb></lb>portion of the gravity, much leſſe would it be made ſo long as the 

<lb></lb>velocity is but little diminiſhed, by abating much from the gravi­

<lb></lb>ty. </s><s>But yet ſuppoſing that the velocity diminiſheth with a propor­

<lb></lb>tion much greater than that wherewith the gravity decreaſeth, nay 

<lb></lb>though it were the ſelf-ſame wherewith thoſe parallels conteined 

<lb></lb>between the tangent and circumference do decreaſe, yet cannot I 

<lb></lb>ſee any neceſſity why I ſhould grant the projection of matters of 

<lb></lb>never ſo great levity; yea I farther averre, that there could no ſuch 

<lb></lb>projection follow, meaning alwayes of matters not properly and 

<lb></lb>abſolutely light, that is, void of all gravity, and that of their own 

<lb></lb>natures move upwards, but that deſcend very ſlowly, and 

<lb></lb>have very ſmall gravity. </s><s>And that which moveth me ſo to think 

<lb></lb>is, that the diminution of gravity, made according to the propor­

<lb></lb>tion of the parallels between the tangent and the circumference, 

<lb></lb>hath for its ultimate and higheſt term the nullity of weight, as thoſe 

<lb></lb>parallels have for their laſt term of their diminution the contact it 

<lb></lb>ſelf, which is an indiviſible point: Now gravity never diminiſheth 

<lb></lb>ſo far as to its laſt term, for then the moveable would ceaſe to be 

<lb></lb>grave; but yet the ſpace of the reverſion of the project to the 

<lb></lb>circumference is reduced to the ultimate minuity, which is when 

<lb></lb>the moveable reſteth upon the circumference in the very point of 

<lb></lb>contact; ſo as that to return thither it hath no need of ſpace: 

<lb></lb>and therefore let the propenſion to the motion of deſcent be ne­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/189.jpg" pagenum="181"></pb>ver ſo ſmall, yet is it alwayes more than ſufficient to reconduct the 

<lb></lb>moveable to the circumference, from which it is diſtant but its leaſt 

<lb></lb>ſpace, that is, nothing at all.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Your diſcourſe, I muſt confeſs, is very accurate; and 

<lb></lb>yet no leſs concluding than it is ingenuous; and it muſt be gran­

<lb></lb>ted that to go about to handle natural queſtions, without <emph type="italics"></emph>Geome­

<lb></lb>try,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is to attempt an impoſſibility.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will not ſay ſo; and yet I do not think 

<lb></lb>that he is one of thoſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that diſſwade their Diſciples 

<lb></lb>from ſtudying the <emph type="italics"></emph>Mathematicks,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as Sciences that vitiate the rea­

<lb></lb>ſon, and render it leſſe apt for contemplation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I would not do ſo much wrong to <emph type="italics"></emph>Plato,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but yet I may 

<lb></lb>truly ſay with <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that he too much loſt himſelf in, and too 

<lb></lb>much doted upon that his <emph type="italics"></emph>Geometry<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: for that in concluſion theſe 

<lb></lb>Mathematical ſubtilties <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are true in abſtract, but applied 

<lb></lb>to ſenſible and Phyſical matter, they hold not good. </s><s>For the 

<lb></lb>Mathematicians will very well demonſtrate for example, that 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Sphæratangit planum in puncto<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; a poſition like to that in diſpute, 

<lb></lb>but when one cometh to the matter, things ſucceed quite another 

<lb></lb>way. </s><s>And ſo I may ſay of theſe angles of contact, and theſe 

<lb></lb>proportions; which all evaporate into Air, when they are applied 

<lb></lb>to things material and ſenſible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You do not think then, that the tangent toucheth the 

<lb></lb>ſuperficies of the terreſtrial Globe in one point only?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. No, not in one ſole point; but I believe that a right 

<lb></lb>line goeth many tens and hundreds of yards touching the ſurface 

<lb></lb>not onely of the Earth, but of the water, before it ſeparate from 

<lb></lb>the ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But if I grant you this, do not you perceive that it ma­

<lb></lb>keth ſo much the more againſt your cauſe? </s><s>For if it be ſuppoſed 

<lb></lb>that the tangent was ſeparated from the terreſtrial ſuperficies, yet 

<lb></lb>it hath been however demonſtrated that by reaſon of the great a­

<lb></lb>cuity of the angle of contingence (if happily it may be call&#039;d an 

<lb></lb>angle) the project would not ſeparate from the ſame; how much 

<lb></lb>leſſe cauſe of ſeparation would it have, if that angle ſhould be 

<lb></lb>wholly cloſed, and the ſuperficies and the tangent become all one? 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg368"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Perceive you not that the Projection would do the ſame thing up­

<lb></lb>on the ſurface of the Earth, which is aſmuch as to ſay, it would 

<lb></lb>do juſt nothing at all? </s><s>You ſee then the power of truth, which 

<lb></lb>while you ſtrive to oppoſe it, your own aſſaults themſelves uphold 

<lb></lb>and defend it. </s><s>But in regard that you have retracted this errour, 

<lb></lb>I would be loth to leave you in that other which you hold, namely, 

<lb></lb>that a material Sphere doth not touch a plain in one ſole point: 

<lb></lb>and I could wiſh ſome few hours converſation with ſome perſons 

<lb></lb>converſant in <emph type="italics"></emph>Geometry,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> might make you a little more intelligent 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/190.jpg" pagenum="182"></pb>amongſt thoſe who know nothing thereof. </s><s>Now to ſhew you how 

<lb></lb>great their errour is who ſay, that a Sphere <emph type="italics"></emph>v.g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of braſſe, doth not 

<lb></lb>touch a plain <emph type="italics"></emph>v.g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of ſteel in one ſole point, Tell me what con­

<lb></lb>ceipt you would entertain of one that ſhould conſtantly aver, that 

<lb></lb>the Sphere is not truly a Sphere.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg368"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The truth 

<lb></lb>ſometimes gaines 

<lb></lb>ſtrength by con­

<lb></lb>tradiction.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I would eſteem him wholly devoid of reaſon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>He is in the ſame caſe who ſaith that the material Sphere 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg369"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>doth not touch a plain, alſo material, in one onely point; for to 

<lb></lb>ſay this is the ſame, as to affirm that the Sphere is not a Sphere. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And that this is true, tell me in what it is that you conſtitute the 

<lb></lb>Sphere to conſiſt, that is, what it is that maketh the Sphere differ 

<lb></lb>from all other ſolid bodies.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg369"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The sphere al­

<lb></lb>though material, 

<lb></lb>toucheth the mate­

<lb></lb>rial plane but in 

<lb></lb>one point onely.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe that the eſſence of a Sphere conſiſteth in ha­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg370"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ving all the right lines produced from its centre to the circumfe­

<lb></lb>rence, equal.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg370"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The definition of 

<lb></lb>the ſphere.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that, if thoſe lines ſhould not be equal, there ſame 

<lb></lb>ſolidity would be no longer a ſphere?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. True.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Go to; tell me whether you believe that amongſt the 

<lb></lb>many lines that may be drawn between two points, that may be 

<lb></lb>more than one right line onely.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There can be but one.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But yet you underſtand that this onely right line ſhall 

<lb></lb>again of neceſſity be the ſhorteſt of them all?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I know it, and alſo have a demonſtration thereof, pro­

<lb></lb>duced by a great <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Philoſopher, and as I take it, if my 

<lb></lb>memory do not deceive me, he alledgeth it by way of reprehending 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Archimedes,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that ſuppoſeth it as known, when it may be demon­

<lb></lb>ſtrated.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This muſt needs be a great Mathematician, that knew 

<lb></lb>how to demonſtrate that which <emph type="italics"></emph>Archimedes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> neither did, nor could 

<lb></lb>demonſtrate. </s><s>And if you remember his demonſtration, I would 

<lb></lb>gladly hear it: for I remember very well, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Archimedes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in his 

<lb></lb>Books, <emph type="italics"></emph>de Sphærà &amp; Cylindro,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> placeth this Propoſition amongſt the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Poſtulata<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and I verily believe that he thought it demonſtrated.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think I ſhall remember it, for it is very eaſie and 

<lb></lb>ſhort.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The diſgrace of <emph type="italics"></emph>Archimedes,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the honour of this Phi­

<lb></lb>loſopher ſhall be ſo much the greater.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will deſcribe the Figure of it. </s><s>Between the points 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg371"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>A and B, [<emph type="italics"></emph>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5.] draw the right line A B, and the curve line 

<lb></lb>A C B, of which we will prove the right to be the ſhorter: and 

<lb></lb>the proof is this; take a point in the curve-line, which let be C, 

<lb></lb>and draw two other lines, A C and C B, which two lines together; 

<lb></lb>are longer than the ſole line A B, for ſo demonſtrateth <emph type="italics"></emph>Euelid.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/191.jpg" pagenum="183"></pb>But the curve-line A C B, is greater than the two right-lines A C, 

<lb></lb>and C B; therefore, <emph type="italics"></emph>à fortiori,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the curve-line A C B, is much 

<lb></lb>greater than the right line A B, which was to be demonſtrated.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg372"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg371"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The demonſtra­

<lb></lb>tion of a Peripate­

<lb></lb>tick, to prove the 

<lb></lb>right line to be the 

<lb></lb>ſhorteſt of all lines.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg372"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Paralogiſm 

<lb></lb>of the ſame Peripa­

<lb></lb>tetick, which pro­

<lb></lb>veth<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ignotum per 

<lb></lb>ignotius.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I do not think that if one ſhould ranſack all the Para­

<lb></lb>logiſms of the world, there could be found one more commodious 

<lb></lb>than this, to give an example of the moſt ſolemn fallacy of all 

<lb></lb>fallacies, namely, than that which proveth <emph type="italics"></emph>ignotum per ignotius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>How ſo?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Do you ask me how ſo? </s><s>The unknown concluſion 

<lb></lb>which you deſire to prove, is it not, that the curved line A C B, is 

<lb></lb>longer than the right line A B; the middle term which is taken 

<lb></lb>for known, is that the curve-line A C B, is greater than the two 

<lb></lb>lines A C and C B, the which are known to be greater than A B; 

<lb></lb>And if it be unknown whether the curve-line be greater than the 

<lb></lb>ſingle right-line A B, ſhall it not be much more unknown whether 

<lb></lb>it be greater than the two right lines A C &amp; C B, which are known 

<lb></lb>to be greater than the ſole line A B, &amp; yet you aſſume it as known?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I do not yet very well perceive wherein lyeth the fal­

<lb></lb>lacy.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>As the two right lines are greater than A B, (as may be 

<lb></lb>known by <emph type="italics"></emph>Euclid<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>) and in as much as the curve line is longer than 

<lb></lb>the two right lines A C and B C, ſhall it not not be much greater 

<lb></lb>than the ſole right line A B?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It ſhall ſo.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>That the curve-line A C B, is greater than the right 

<lb></lb>line A B, is the concluſion more known than the middle term, 

<lb></lb>which is, that the ſame curve-line is greater than the two right­

<lb></lb>lines A C and C B. </s><s>Now when the middle term is leſs known 

<lb></lb>than the concluſion, it is called a proving <emph type="italics"></emph>ignotum per ignotius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>But to return to our purpoſe, it is ſufficient that you know the 

<lb></lb>right line to be the ſhorteſt of all the lines that can be drawn be­

<lb></lb>tween two points. </s><s>And as to the principal concluſion, you ſay, 

<lb></lb>that the material ſphere doth not touch the ſphere in one ſole 

<lb></lb>point. </s><s>What then is its contact?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It ſhall be a part of its ſuperficies.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And the contact likewiſe of another ſphere equal to the 

<lb></lb>firſt, ſhall be alſo a like particle of its ſuperficies?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There is no reaſon vvhy it ſhould be othervviſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then the tvvo ſpheres vvhich touch each other, ſhall 

<lb></lb>touch vvith the tvvo ſame particles of a ſuperficies, for each of them 

<lb></lb>agreeing to one and the ſame plane, they muſt of neceſſity agree 

<lb></lb>in like manner to each other. </s><s>Imagine now that the two ſpheres </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg373"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>[<emph type="italics"></emph>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6.] whoſe centres are A and B, do touch one another: 

<lb></lb>and let their centres be conjoyned by the right line A B, which 

<lb></lb>paſſeth through the contact. </s><s>It paſſeth thorow the point C, and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/192.jpg" pagenum="184"></pb>another point in the contact being taken as D, conjoyn the two 

<lb></lb>right lines A D and B D, ſo as that they make the triangle A D B; 

<lb></lb>of which the two ſides A D and D B ſhall be equal to the other one 

<lb></lb>A C B, both thoſe and this containing two ſemidiameters, which 

<lb></lb>by the definition of the ſphere are all equal: and thus the right 

<lb></lb>line A B, drawn between the two centres A and B, ſhall not be the 

<lb></lb>ſhorteſt of all, the two lines A D and D B being equal to it: which 

<lb></lb>by your own conceſſion is abſurd.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg373"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A demon ſtration 

<lb></lb>that the ſphere tou­

<lb></lb>cheth the plane but 

<lb></lb>in one point.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This demonſtration holdeth in the abſtracted, but not in 

<lb></lb>the material ſpheres.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Inſtance then wherein the fallacy of my argument con­

<lb></lb>ſiſteth, if as you ſay it is not concluding in the material ſpheres, but 

<lb></lb>holdeth good in the immaterial and abſtracted.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg374"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg374"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Why the ſphere in 

<lb></lb>abſtract, toucheth 

<lb></lb>the plane onely in 

<lb></lb>one point, and not 

<lb></lb>the material in 

<lb></lb>conerete.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The material ſpheres are ſubject to many accidents, 

<lb></lb>which the immaterial are free from. </s><s>And becauſe it cannot be, 

<lb></lb>that a ſphere of metal paſſing along a plane, its own weight ſhould 

<lb></lb>not ſo depreſs it, as that the plain ſhould yield ſomewhat, or that 

<lb></lb>the ſphere it ſelf ſhould not in the contact admit of ſome impreſſi­

<lb></lb>on. </s><s>Moreover, it is very hard for that plane to be perfect, if for 

<lb></lb>nothing elſe, yet at leaſt for that its matter is porous: and per­

<lb></lb>haps it will be no leſs difficult to find a ſphere ſo perfect, as that 

<lb></lb>it hath all the lines from the centre to the ſuperficies, exactly 

<lb></lb>equal.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I very readily grant you all this that you have ſaid; but 

<lb></lb>it is very much beſide our purpoſe: for whilſt you go about to 

<lb></lb>ſhew me that a material ſphere toucheth not a material plane in 

<lb></lb>one point alone, you make uſe of a ſphere that is not a ſphere, and 

<lb></lb>of a plane that is not a plane; for that, according to what you 

<lb></lb>ſay, either theſe things cannot be found in the world, or if they 

<lb></lb>may be found, they are ſpoiled in applying them to work the effect. 

<lb></lb></s><s>It had been therefore a leſs evil, for you to have granted the con­

<lb></lb>cluſion, but conditionally, to wit, that if there could be made of 

<lb></lb>matter a ſphere and a plane that were and could continue perfect, 

<lb></lb>they would touch in one ſole point, and then to have denied that 

<lb></lb>any ſuch could be made.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe that the propoſition of Philoſophers is to be 

<lb></lb>underſtood in this ſenſe; for it is not to be doubted, but that the 

<lb></lb>imperfection of the matter, maketh the matters taken in con­

<lb></lb>crete, to diſagree with thoſe taken in abſtract.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. What, do they not agree? </s><s>Why, that which you your 

<lb></lb>ſelf ſay at this inſtant, proveth that they punctually agree.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>How can that be?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Do you not ſay, that through the imperfection of the 

<lb></lb>matter, that body which ought to be perfectly ſpherical, and that 

<lb></lb>plane which ought to be perfectly level, do not prove to be the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/193.jpg" pagenum="185"></pb>ſame in concrete, as they are imagined to be in abſtract?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This I do affirm.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then when ever in concrete you do apply a material Sphere </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg375"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>to a material plane, youapply an imperfect Sphere to an imperfect 

<lb></lb>plane, &amp; theſe you ſay do not touch only in one point. </s><s>But I muſt 

<lb></lb>tell you, that even in abſtract an immaterial Sphere, that is, not a 

<lb></lb>perfect Sphere, may touch an immaterial plane, that is, not a per­

<lb></lb>fect plane, not in one point, but with part of its ſuperficies, ſo that 

<lb></lb>hitherto that which falleth out in concrete, doth in like manner 

<lb></lb>hold true in abſtract. </s><s>And it would be a new thing that the com­

<lb></lb>putations and rates made in abſtract numbers, ſhould not after­

<lb></lb>wards anſwer to the Coines of Gold and Silver, and to the mer­

<lb></lb>chandizes in concrete. </s><s>But do you know <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> how this 

<lb></lb>commeth to paſſe? </s><s>Like as to make that the computations agree 

<lb></lb>with the Sugars, the Silks, the Wools, it is neceſſary that the 

<lb></lb>accomptant reckon his tares of cheſts, bags, and ſuch other things: 

<lb></lb>So when the <emph type="italics"></emph>Geometricall Philoſopher<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> would obſerve in concrete 

<lb></lb>the effects demonſtrated in abſtract, he muſt defalke the impedi­

<lb></lb>ments of the matter, and if he know how to do that, I do aſſure 

<lb></lb>you, the things ſhall jump no leſſe exactly, than <emph type="italics"></emph>Arithmstical<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>computations. </s><s>The errours therefore lyeth neither in abſtract, nor 

<lb></lb>in concrete, nor in <emph type="italics"></emph>Geometry,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> nor in <emph type="italics"></emph>Phyſicks,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but in the Calcula­

<lb></lb>tor, that knoweth not how to adjuſt his accompts. </s><s>Therefore if 

<lb></lb>you had a perfect Sphere and plane, though they were material, 

<lb></lb>you need not doubt but that they would touch onely in one point. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And if ſuch a Sphere was and is impoſſible to be procured, it was 

<lb></lb>much beſides the purpoſe to ſay, <emph type="italics"></emph>Quod Sphæra ænea non tangit in 

<lb></lb>puncto.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Furthermore, if I grant you <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that in matter a 

<lb></lb>figure cannot be procured that is perfectly ſpherical, or perfectly 

<lb></lb>level: Do you think there may be had two materiall bodies, 

<lb></lb>whoſe ſuperficies in ſome part, and in ſome ſort are incurvated as 

<lb></lb>irregularly as can be deſired?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg375"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Things are ex­

<lb></lb>actly the ſame in 

<lb></lb>abſtract as in con­

<lb></lb>crete.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Of theſe I believe that there is no want.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If ſuch there be, then they alſo will touch in one ſole 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg376"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>point; for this contact in but one point alone is not the ſole and 

<lb></lb>peculiar priviledge of the perfect Sphere and perfect plane. </s><s>Nay, he 

<lb></lb>that ſhould proſecute this point with more ſubtil contemplations 

<lb></lb>would finde that it is much harder to procure two bodies that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg377"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>touch with part of their ſnperſicies, than with one point onely. 

<lb></lb></s><s>For if two ſuperficies be required to combine well together, it is 

<lb></lb>neceſſary either, that they be both exactly plane, or that if one be 

<lb></lb>convex, the other be concave; but in ſuch a manner concave, 

<lb></lb>that the concavity do exactly anſwer to the convexity of the other: 

<lb></lb>the which conditions are much harder to be found, in regard of 

<lb></lb>their too narrow determination, than thoſe others, which in their 

<lb></lb>caſuall latitude are infinite.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/194.jpg" pagenum="186"></pb><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg376"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Contact in a ſin­

<lb></lb>gle point is not pe­

<lb></lb>culiar to the per­

<lb></lb>fect Spheres onely? 

<lb></lb></s><s>but belongeth to all 

<lb></lb>curved figures.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg377"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is more diffi­

<lb></lb>cult to find Figures 

<lb></lb>that touch with a 

<lb></lb>part of their ſur­

<lb></lb>face, than in one 

<lb></lb>ſole point.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>You believe then, that two ſtones, or two pieces of I­

<lb></lb>ron taken at chance, and put together, do for the moſt part touch 

<lb></lb>in one ſole point?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In caſual encounters, I do not think they do; as well 

<lb></lb>becauſe for the moſt part there will be ſome ſmall yielding filth 

<lb></lb>upon them, as becauſe that no diligence is uſed in applying them 

<lb></lb>without ſtriking one another; and every ſmall matter ſufficeth to 

<lb></lb>make the one ſuperficies yield ſomewhat to the other; ſo that 

<lb></lb>they interchangeably, at leaſt in ſome ſmall particle, receive ſigure 

<lb></lb>from the impreſſion of each other. </s><s>But in caſe their ſuperficies 

<lb></lb>were very terſe and polite, and that they were both laid upon a 

<lb></lb>table, that ſo one might not preſſe upon the other, and gently put 

<lb></lb>towards one another, I queſtion not, but that they might be 

<lb></lb>brought to the ſimple contact in one onely point.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It is requiſite, with your permiſſion, that I propound a 

<lb></lb>certain ſcruple of mine, which came into my minde, whil&#039;ſt I heard 

<lb></lb>propoſed by <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the impoſſibility of finding a materiall 

<lb></lb>and ſolid body, that is, perfectly of a Spherical figure, and whil&#039;ſt 

<lb></lb>J law <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in a certain manner, not gainſaying, to give his 

<lb></lb>conſent thereto; therefore I would know, whether there would 

<lb></lb>be the ſame difficulty in forming a ſolid of ſome other figure, that 

<lb></lb>is, to expreſſe my ſelf better, whether there is more difficulty in 

<lb></lb>reducing a piece of Marble into the figure of a perfect Sphere, than 

<lb></lb>into a perfect Pyramid, or into a perfect Horſe, or into a perfect 

<lb></lb>Graſſe-hopper?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>To this I will make you the firſt anſwer: and in the 

<lb></lb>firſt place, I will acquit my ſelf of the aſſent which you think I 

<lb></lb>gave to <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which was only for a time; for I had it alſo in 

<lb></lb>my thoughts, betore I intended to enter upon any other matter, to 

<lb></lb>ſpeak that, which, it may be, is the ſame, or very like to that which 

<lb></lb>you are about to ſay, And anſwering to your firſt queſtion, I ſay, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg378"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that if any figure can be given to a Solid, the Spherical is the eaſi­

<lb></lb>eſt of all others, as it is likewiſe the moſt ſimple, and holdeth the 

<lb></lb>ſame place amongſt ſolid figures, as the Circle holdeth amongſt 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg379"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the ſuperficial. </s><s>The deſcription of which Circle, as being more ea­

<lb></lb>ſie than all the reſt, hath alone been judged by <emph type="italics"></emph>Mathematicians<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>worthy to be put amongſt the ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>poſtulata<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> belonging to the deſcri­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg380"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ption of all other figures. </s><s>And the formation of the Sphere is 

<lb></lb>ſo very eaſie, that if in a plain plate of hard metal you take an 

<lb></lb>empty or hollow circle, within which any Solid goeth caſually re­

<lb></lb>volving that was before but groſly rounded, it ſhall, without any 

<lb></lb>other artifice be reduced to a Spherical figure, as perfect as is poſ­

<lb></lb>ſible for it to be; provided, that that ſame Solid be not leſſe than 

<lb></lb>the Sphere that would paſſe thorow that Circle. </s><s>And that which is 

<lb></lb>yet more worthy of our conſideration is, that within the ſelf-ſame 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/195.jpg" pagenum="187"></pb>incavity one may form Spheres of ſeveral magnitudes. </s><s>But what 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg381"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>is required to the making of an Horſe, or (as you ſay) of a Graſs­

<lb></lb>hopper, I leave to you to judge, who know that there are but few 

<lb></lb>ſtatuaries in the world able to undertake ſuch a piece of work. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And I think that herein <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will not diſſent from me.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg378"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Sphericall 

<lb></lb>Figure is eaſier to 

<lb></lb>be made than any 

<lb></lb>other.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg379"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The circular Fi­

<lb></lb>gure only is placed 

<lb></lb>amongst the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> poſtu­

<lb></lb>lata <emph type="italics"></emph>of Mathema­

<lb></lb>ticians.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg380"></margin.target>* Demands or 

<lb></lb>Petitions.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg381"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Sphericall Fi­

<lb></lb>gures of ſundry 

<lb></lb>magnitudes may 

<lb></lb>be made with one 

<lb></lb>onely inſtrument.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I know not whether I do at all diffent from you; my 

<lb></lb>opinion is this, that none of the afore-named figures can be per­

<lb></lb>fectly obteined; but for the approaching as neer as is poſſible to 

<lb></lb>the moſt perfect degree, I believe that it is incomparably more ea­

<lb></lb>ſie to reduce the Solid into a Spherical figure, than into the ſhape 

<lb></lb>of an Horſe, or Graſſe-hopper?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And this greater difficulty, wherein think you doth it 

<lb></lb>depend?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Like as the great facility in forming the Sphere ariſeth 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg382"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>from its abſolute ſimplicity and uniformity ſo the great irregu­

<lb></lb>larity rendereth the conſtruction of all other figures difficult.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg382"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Irregular forms 

<lb></lb>difficult to be in­

<lb></lb>troduced.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Therefore the irregularity being the cauſe of the diffi­

<lb></lb>culty, than the figure of a ſtone broken with an hammer by 

<lb></lb>chance, ſhall be one of the figures that are difficult to be introdu­

<lb></lb>ced, it being perhaps more irregular than that of the horſe?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>So it ſhould be.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But tell me; that figure what ever it is which the ſtone 

<lb></lb>hath, hath it the ſame in perfection, or no?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>What it hath, it hath ſo perfectly, that nothing can be 

<lb></lb>more exact.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Then, if of figures that are irregular, and conſequent­

<lb></lb>ly hard to be procured, there are yet infinite which are moſt per­

<lb></lb>fectly obteined, with what reaſon can it be ſaid, that the moſt 

<lb></lb>ſimple, and conſequently the moſt eaſie of all, is impoſſible to be 

<lb></lb>procured?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Gentlemen, with your favour, I may ſay that we have 

<lb></lb>ſallied out into a diſpute not much more worth than the wool of a 

<lb></lb>goat; and whereas our argumentations ſhould continually be con­

<lb></lb>verſant about ſerious and weighty points, we conſume our time in 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg383"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>frivolous and impertinent wranglings. </s><s>Let us call to minde, I pray 

<lb></lb>you, that the ſearch of the worlds conſtitution, is one of the grea­

<lb></lb>teſt and nobleſt Problems that are in nature; and ſo much the 

<lb></lb>greater, inaſmuch as it is directed to the reſolving of that other; 

<lb></lb>to wit, of the cauſe of the Seas ebbing and flowing, enquired in­

<lb></lb>to by all the famous men, that have hitherto been in the world, 

<lb></lb>and poſſibly found out by none of them. </s><s>Therefore if we have 

<lb></lb>nothing more remaining for the full confutation of the argument 

<lb></lb>taken from the Earths <emph type="italics"></emph>vertigo,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which was the laſt, alledged to 

<lb></lb>prove its immobility upon its own centre, let us paſſe to the ex­

<lb></lb>amination of thoſe things that are alledged for, and againſt the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Annual Motion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/196.jpg" pagenum="188"></pb><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg383"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The conſtitution 

<lb></lb>of the Univerſe is 

<lb></lb>one of the moſt no­

<lb></lb>ble Problems.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I would not have you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> meaſure our wits by 

<lb></lb>the ſcale of yours: you, who uſe to be continually buſied about 

<lb></lb>the ſublimeſt contemplations, eſteem thoſe notions frivolous and 

<lb></lb>below you, which we think matters worthy of our profoundeſt 

<lb></lb>thoughts: yet ſometimes for our ſatisfaction do not diſdain to 

<lb></lb>ſtoop ſo low as to give way a little to our curioſity. </s><s>As to the 

<lb></lb>refutation of the laſt argument, taken from the extruſions of the 

<lb></lb>diurnal <emph type="italics"></emph>vertigo,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> far leſs than what hath been ſaid, would have 

<lb></lb>given me ſatisfaction: and yet the things ſuperfluouſly ſpoken, 

<lb></lb>ſeemed to me ſo ingenious, that they have been ſo far from wea­

<lb></lb>rying my fancy, as that they have, by reaſon of their novelty, en­

<lb></lb>tertained me all along with ſo great delight, that I know not how 

<lb></lb>to deſire greater: Therefore, if you have any other ſpeculation 

<lb></lb>to add, produce it, for I, as to my own particular, ſhall gladly 

<lb></lb>hearken to it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have always taken great delight in thoſe things which 

<lb></lb>I have had the fortune to diſcover, and next to that, which is my 

<lb></lb>chief content, I find great pleaſure in imparting them to ſome 

<lb></lb>friends, that apprehendeth and ſeemeth to like them: Now, in re­

<lb></lb>gard you are one of theſe, ſlacking a little the reins of my ambi­

<lb></lb>tion, which is much pleaſed when I ſhew my ſelf more perſpi­

<lb></lb>cacious, than ſome other that hath the reputation of a ſharp 

<lb></lb>ſight, I will for a full and true meaſure of the paſt diſpute, pro­

<lb></lb>duce another fallacy of the Sectators of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>which I take from the argument alledged.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>See how greedily I wait to hear it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We have hitherto over-paſſed, and granted to <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomey,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>as an effect indubitable, that the extruſion of the ſtone proceed­

<lb></lb>ing from the velocity of the wheel turn&#039;d round upon its centre, 

<lb></lb>the cauſe of the ſaid extruſion encreaſeth in proportion, as the ve­

<lb></lb>locity of the <emph type="italics"></emph>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (or whirling) is augmented: from whence 

<lb></lb>it was inferred, that the velocity of the Earth&#039;s <emph type="italics"></emph>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> being 

<lb></lb>very much greater than that of any machin whatſoever, that we 

<lb></lb>can make to turn round artificially; the extruſion of ſtones, of 

<lb></lb>animals, &amp;c. </s><s>would conſequently be far more violent. </s><s>Now, I 

<lb></lb>obſerve that there is a great fallacy in this diſcourſe, in that we do 

<lb></lb>compare theſe velocities indifferently and abſolutely to one ano­

<lb></lb>ther. </s><s>It&#039;s true, that if I compare the velocities of the ſame wheel, 

<lb></lb>or of two wheels equal to each other, that which ſhall be more 

<lb></lb>ſwiftly turn&#039;d round, ſhall extrude the ſtone with greater vio­

<lb></lb>lence; and the velocity encreaſing, the cauſe of the projection 

<lb></lb>ſhall likewiſe encreaſe: but when the velocity is augmented, not 

<lb></lb>by encreaſing the velocity in the ſame wheel, which would be by 

<lb></lb>cauſing it to make a greater number of revolutions in equal times; 

<lb></lb>but by encreaſing the diameter, and making the wheel greater, ſo 

<lb></lb>as that the converſion taking up the ſame time in the leſſer wheel, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/197.jpg" pagenum="189"></pb>as in the greater, the velocity is greater onely in the bigger wheel, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg384"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>for that its circumference is bigger; there is no man that thinketh 

<lb></lb>that the cauſe of the extruſion in the great wheel will encreaſe ac­

<lb></lb>cording to the proportion of the velocity of its circumference, to 

<lb></lb>the velocity of the circumference of the other leſſer wheel; for that 

<lb></lb>this is moſt falſe, as by a moſt expeditious experiment I ſhall thus 

<lb></lb>groſly declare: We may ſling a ſtone with a ſtick of a yard long, 

<lb></lb>farther than we can do with a ſtick ſix yards long, though 

<lb></lb>the motion of the end of the long ſtick, that is of the ſtone placed 

<lb></lb>in the ſlit thereof, were more than double as ſwift as the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the end of the other ſhorter ſtick, as it would be if 

<lb></lb>the velocities were ſuch that the leſſer ſtick ſhould turn thrice 

<lb></lb>round in the time whilſt the greater is making one onely con­

<lb></lb>verſion.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg384"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The cauſe of the 

<lb></lb>projection increaſ­

<lb></lb>eth not according 

<lb></lb>to the proportion of 

<lb></lb>the velocity, in­

<lb></lb>creaſed by making 

<lb></lb>the wheel bigger.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This which you tell me, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> muſt, I ſee, needs 

<lb></lb>ſucceed in this very manner; but I do not ſo readily apprehend 

<lb></lb>the cauſe why equal velocities ſhould not operate equally in 

<lb></lb>extruding projects, but that of the leſſer wheel much more than 

<lb></lb>the other of the greater wheel; therefore I intreat you to tell me 

<lb></lb>how this cometh to paſs.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. Herein, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> you ſeem to differ much from your 

<lb></lb>ſelf, for that you were wont to penetrate all things in an inſtant, 

<lb></lb>and now you have overlook&#039;d a fallacy couched in the experiment 

<lb></lb>of the ſtick, which I my ſelf have been able to diſcover: and this 

<lb></lb>is the different manner of operating, in making the projection one 

<lb></lb>while with the ſhort ſling and another while with the long one, 

<lb></lb>for if you will have the ſtone fly out of the ſlit, you need not con­

<lb></lb>tinue its motion uniformly, but at ſuch time as it is at the ſwifteſt, 

<lb></lb>you are to ſtay your arm, and ſtop the velocity of the ſtick; where­

<lb></lb>upon the ſtone which was in its ſwifteſt motion, flyeth out, and 

<lb></lb>moveth with impetuoſity: but now that ſtop cannot be made in 

<lb></lb>the great ſtick, which by reaſon of its length and flexibility, doth 

<lb></lb>not entirely obey the check of the arm, but continueth to accom­

<lb></lb>pany the ſtone for ſome ſpace, and holdeth it in with ſo much leſs 

<lb></lb>force, and not as if you had with a ſtiff ſling ſent it going with a 

<lb></lb>jerk: for if both the ſticks or ſlings ſhould be check&#039;d by one and 

<lb></lb>the ſame obſtacle, I do believe they would fly aſwell out of the 

<lb></lb>one, as out of the other, howbeit their motions were equally 

<lb></lb>ſwift.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>With the permiſſion of <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I will anſwer ſome­

<lb></lb>thing to <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in regard he hath addreſſed himſelf to me; 

<lb></lb>and I ſay, that in his diſcourſe there is ſomewhat good 

<lb></lb>and ſomewhat bad: good, becauſe it is almoſt all true; 

<lb></lb>bad, becauſe it doth not agree with our caſe: Truth is, that when 

<lb></lb>that which carrieth the ſtones with velocity, ſhall meet with a 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/198.jpg" pagenum="190"></pb>check that is immoveable, they ſhall fly out with great impetuo­

<lb></lb>ſity: the ſame effect following in that caſe, which we ſee dayly 

<lb></lb>to fall out in a boat that running a ſwift courſe, runs a-ground, or 

<lb></lb>meets with ſome ſudden ſtop, for all thoſe in the boat, being ſur­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg385"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>prized, ſtumble forwards, and fall towards the part whither the 

<lb></lb>boat ſteered. </s><s>And in caſe the Earth ſhould meet with ſuch a 

<lb></lb>check, as ſhould be able to reſiſt and arreſt its <emph type="italics"></emph>vertigo,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> then indeed 

<lb></lb>I do believe that not onely beaſts, buildings and cities, but moun­

<lb></lb>tains, lakes and ſeas would overturn, and the globe it ſelf would 

<lb></lb>go near to ſhake in pieces; but nothing of all this concerns our 

<lb></lb>preſent purpoſe, for we ſpeak of what may follow to the motion 

<lb></lb>of the Earth, it being turn&#039;d round uniformly, and quietly about 

<lb></lb>its own centre, howbeit with a great velocity. </s><s>That likewiſe 

<lb></lb>which you ſay of the ſlings, is true in part; but was not alledged 

<lb></lb>by <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as a thing that punctually agreed with the matter 

<lb></lb>whereof we treat, but onely, as an example, for ſo in groſs it may 

<lb></lb>prompt us in the more accurate conſideration of that point, whe­

<lb></lb>ther, the velocity increaſing at any rate, the cauſe of the proje­

<lb></lb>ction doth increaſe at the ſame rate: ſo that <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if a wheel of 

<lb></lb>ten yards diameter, moving in ſuch a manner that a point of its 

<lb></lb>circumference will paſs an hundred yards in a minute of an hour, 

<lb></lb>and ſo hath an <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> able to extrude a ſtone, that ſame <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>ſhall be increaſed an hundred thouſand times in a wheel of a million 

<lb></lb>of yards diameter; the which <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> denieth, and I incline to his 

<lb></lb>opinion; but not knowing the reaſon thereof, I have requeſted it 

<lb></lb>of him, and ſtand impatiently expecting it.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg385"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Graming the di­

<lb></lb>urnal<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> vertigo <emph type="italics"></emph>of 

<lb></lb>the Earth, &amp; that 

<lb></lb>by ſome ſudden ſtop 

<lb></lb>or obſtacle it were 

<lb></lb>arreſted, houſes, 

<lb></lb>mountains them­

<lb></lb>ſelves, and perhaps 

<lb></lb>the whole Globe 

<lb></lb>would be ſhaken n 

<lb></lb>pieces.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am ready to give you the beſt ſatisfaction, that my 

<lb></lb>abilities will give leave: And though in my firſt diſcourſe you 

<lb></lb>thought that I had enquired into things eſtranged from our pur­

<lb></lb>poſe, yet nevertheleſſe I believe that in the ſequel of the diſpute, 

<lb></lb>you will find that they do not prove ſo. </s><s>Therefore let <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>tell me wherein he hath obſerved that the reſiſtance of any move­

<lb></lb>able to motion doth conſiſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I ſee not for the preſent that the moveable hath any 

<lb></lb>internal reſiſtance to motion, unleſſe it be its natural inclination 

<lb></lb>and propenſion to the contrary motion, as in grave bodies, that 

<lb></lb>have a propenſion to the motion downwards, the reſiſtance is to 

<lb></lb>the motion upwards; and I ſaid an internal reſiſtance, becauſe 

<lb></lb>of this, I think, it is you intend to ſpeak, and not of the external 

<lb></lb>reſiſtances, which are many and accidental.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is that indeed I mean, and your nimbleneſſe of wit 

<lb></lb>hath been too hard for my craftineſſe, but if I have been too 

<lb></lb>ſhort in asking the queſtion, I doubt whether <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath been 

<lb></lb>full enough in his anſwer to ſatisſie the demand; and whether 

<lb></lb>there be not in the moveable, beſides the natural inclination to the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/199.jpg" pagenum="191"></pb>contrary term, another intrinſick and natural quality, which ma­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg386"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>keth it averſe to motion. </s><s>Therefore tell me again; do you not 

<lb></lb>think that the inclination <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of grave bodies to move down­

<lb></lb>wards, is equal to the reſiſtance of the ſame to the motion of pro­

<lb></lb>jection upwards?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg386"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The inclination of 

<lb></lb>grave bodies to the 

<lb></lb>motion downwards, 

<lb></lb>is equal to their 

<lb></lb>reſiſtance to the 

<lb></lb>motion upwards.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I believe that it is exactly the ſame. </s><s>And for this reaſon 

<lb></lb>I ſee that two equal weights being put into a ballance, they do 

<lb></lb>ſtand ſtill in <emph type="italics"></emph>equilibrium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the gravity of the one reſiſting its be­

<lb></lb>ing raiſed by the gravity wherewith the other preſſing down­

<lb></lb>wards would raiſe it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Very well; ſo that if you would have one raiſe up the 

<lb></lb>other, you muſt encreaſe the weight of that which depreſſeth, 

<lb></lb>or leſſen the weight of the other. </s><s>But if the reſiſtance to aſcend­

<lb></lb>ing motion cunſiſt onely in gravity, how cometh it to paſſe, that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg387"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>in ballances of unequal arms, to wit in the ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Stiliard,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a weight 

<lb></lb>ſometimes of an hundred pounds, with its preſſion downwards, 

<lb></lb>doth not ſuffice to raiſe up on of four pounds; that ſhall counter­

<lb></lb>poiſe with it, nay this of four, deſcending ſhall raiſe up that 

<lb></lb>of an hundred; for ſuch is the effect of the pendant weight upon 

<lb></lb>the weight which we would weigh? </s><s>If the reſiſtance to motion 

<lb></lb>reſideth onely in the gravity, how can the arm with its weight of 

<lb></lb>four pounds onely, reſiſt the weight of a ſack of wool, or bale of 

<lb></lb>ſilk, which ſhall be eight hundred, or a thouſand weight; yea 

<lb></lb>more, how can it overcome the ſack with its moment, and raiſe 

<lb></lb>it up? </s><s>It muſt therefore be confeſt <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that here it maketh 

<lb></lb>uſe of ſome other reſiſtance, and other force, beſides that of 

<lb></lb>ſimple gravity.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg387"></margin.target>* A portable bal­

<lb></lb>lance wherewith 

<lb></lb>market-people 

<lb></lb>weigh their com­

<lb></lb>modities, giving it 

<lb></lb>gravity by remo­

<lb></lb>ving the weight 

<lb></lb>farther from the 

<lb></lb>cock: call&#039;d by the 

<lb></lb>Latines, <emph type="italics"></emph>Campana 

<lb></lb>trutina.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It muſt needs be ſo; therefore tell me what this ſe­

<lb></lb>cond virtue ſhould be.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is that which was not in the ballance of equal 

<lb></lb>arms; you ſee then what variety there is in the Stiliard; and up­

<lb></lb>on this doubtleſſe dependeth the cauſe of the new effect.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I think that your putting me to it a ſecond time, hath 

<lb></lb>made me remember ſomething that may be to the purpoſe. </s><s>In 

<lb></lb>both theſe beams the buſineſs is done by the weight, and by the 

<lb></lb>motion; in the ballance, the motions are equal, and therefore the 

<lb></lb>one weight muſt exceed it in gravity before it can move it; in the 

<lb></lb>ſtiliard, the leſſer weight will not move the greater, unleſs when 

<lb></lb>this latter moveth little, as being ſlung at a leſſer diſtance, and the 

<lb></lb>other much, as hanging at a greater diſtance from the lacquet or 

<lb></lb>cock. </s><s>It is neceſſary therefore to conclude, that the leſſer weight 

<lb></lb>overcometh the reſiſtance of the greater, by moving much, whilſt 

<lb></lb>the other is moved but little.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Which is as much as to ſay, that the velocity of the 

<lb></lb>moveable leſs grave, compenſateth the gravity of the moveable 

<lb></lb>more grave and leſs ſwift.





<pb xlink:href="065/01/200.jpg" pagenum="192"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg388"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg388"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The greater velo­

<lb></lb>city exactly com­

<lb></lb>penſates thegreater 

<lb></lb>gravity.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But do you think that the velocity doth fully make 

<lb></lb>good the gravity? </s><s>that is, that the moment and force of a move­

<lb></lb>able of <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> four pounds weight, is as great as that of one of an 

<lb></lb>hundred weight, whenſoever that the firſt hath an hundred degrees 

<lb></lb>of velocity, and the later but four onely?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Yes doubtleſs, as I am able by many experiments to 

<lb></lb>demonſtrate: but for the preſent, let this onely of the ſtiliard 

<lb></lb>ſuffice: in which you ſee that the light end of the beam is then 

<lb></lb>able to ſuſtain and equilibrate the great Wool ſack, when its di­

<lb></lb>ſtance from the centre, upon which the ſtiliard reſteth and turn­

<lb></lb>eth, ſhall ſo much exceed the leſſer diſtance, by how much the ab­

<lb></lb>ſolute gravity of the Wool-ſack exceedeth that of the pendent 

<lb></lb>weight. </s><s>And we ſee nothing that can cauſe this inſufficiencie in 

<lb></lb>the great ſack of Wool, to raiſe with its weight the pendent 

<lb></lb>weight ſo much leſs grave, ſave the diſparity of the motions which 

<lb></lb>the one and the other ſhould make, whilſt that the Wool ſack by 

<lb></lb>deſcending but one inch onely, will raiſe the pendent weight an 

<lb></lb>hundred inclies: (ſuppoſing that the ſack did weigh an hundred 

<lb></lb>times as much, and that the diſtance of the ſmall weight from the 

<lb></lb>centre of the beam were an hundred times greater, than the di­

<lb></lb>ſtance between the ſaid centre and the point of the ſacks ſuſpenſi­

<lb></lb>on.) And again, the pendent weight its moving the ſpace of an 

<lb></lb>hundred inches, in the time that the ſack moveth but one inch 

<lb></lb>onely, is the ſame as to ſay, that the velocity of the motion of the 

<lb></lb>little pendent weight, is an hundred times greater than the velo­

<lb></lb>city of the motion of the ſack. </s><s>Now fix it in your belief, as a 

<lb></lb>true and manifeſt axiom, that the reſiſtance which proceedeth from 

<lb></lb>the velocity of motion, compenſateth that which dependeth on 

<lb></lb>the gravity of another moveable: So that conſequently, a move­

<lb></lb>able of one pound, that moveth with an hundred degrees of ve­

<lb></lb>locity, doth as much reſiſt all obſtruction, as another moveable 

<lb></lb>of an hundred weight, whoſe velocity is but one degree onely. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And two equal moveables will equally reſiſt their being moved, 

<lb></lb>if that they ſhall be moved with equal velocity: but if one be 

<lb></lb>to be moved more ſwiftly than the other, it ſhall make greater re­

<lb></lb>ſiſtance, according to the greater velocity that ſhall be conferred 

<lb></lb>on it. </s><s>Theſe things being premiſed, let us proceed to the expla­

<lb></lb>nation of our Problem; and for the better underſtanding of 

<lb></lb>things, let us make a ſhort Scheme thereof. </s><s>Let two unequal 

<lb></lb>wheels be deſcribed about this centre A, [<emph type="italics"></emph>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7.] and let the 

<lb></lb>circumference of the leſſer be B G, and of the greater C E H, and 

<lb></lb>let the ſemidiameter A B C, be perpendicular to the Horizon; and 

<lb></lb>by the points B and C, let us draw the right lined Tangents B F 

<lb></lb>and C D; and in the arches B G and C E, take two equal parts 

<lb></lb>B G and C E: and let the two wheels be ſuppoſed to be turn&#039;d 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/201.jpg" pagenum="193"></pb>round upon their centres with equal velocities, ſo as that two mo­

<lb></lb>veables, which ſuppoſe for example to be two ſtones placed in the 

<lb></lb>points B and C, come to be carried along the circumferences B G 

<lb></lb>and C E, with equal velocities; ſo that in the ſame time that the 

<lb></lb>ſtone B ſhall have run the arch B G, the ſtone C will have paſt the 

<lb></lb>arch C E. </s><s>I ſay now, that the whirl or <emph type="italics"></emph>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the leſſer wheel 

<lb></lb>is much more potent to make the projection of the ſtone B, than 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the bigger wheel to make that of the ſtone C. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Therefore the projection, as we have already declared, being to be 

<lb></lb>made along the tangent, when the ſtones B and C are to ſeparate 

<lb></lb>from their wheels, and to begin the motion of projection from the 

<lb></lb>points B and C, then ſhall they be extruded by the <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> con­

<lb></lb>ceived from the <emph type="italics"></emph>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by (or along) the tangents B F and C D. 

<lb></lb></s><s>The two ſtones therefore have equal impetuoſities of running a­

<lb></lb>long the tangents B F and C D, and would run along the ſame, if 

<lb></lb>they were not turn&#039;d aſide by ſome other force: is it not ſo <emph type="italics"></emph>Sa­

<lb></lb>gredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>In my opinion the buſineſſe is as you ſay.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But what force, think you, ſhould that be which averts 

<lb></lb>the ſtones from moving by the tangents, along which they are cer­

<lb></lb>tainly driven by the <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the <emph type="italics"></emph>vertigo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It is either their own gravity, or elſe ſome glutinous 

<lb></lb>matter that holdeth them faſt and cloſe to the wheels.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But for the diverting of a moveable from the motion 

<lb></lb>to which nature inciteth it, is there not required greater or leſſer 

<lb></lb>force, according as the deviation is intended to be greater or leſ­

<lb></lb>ſer? </s><s>that is, according as the ſaid moveable in its deviation hath a 

<lb></lb>greater or leſſer ſpace to move in the ſame time?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Yes certainly: for it was concluded even now, that to 

<lb></lb>make a moveable to move; the movent vertue muſt be increaſed 

<lb></lb>in proportion to the velocity wherewith it is to move.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now conſider, that for the deviating the ſtone upon 

<lb></lb>the leſſe wheel from the motion of projection, which it would 

<lb></lb>make by the tangent B F, and for the holding of it faſt to the 

<lb></lb>wheel, it is required, that its own gravity draw it back the whole 

<lb></lb>length of the ſecant F G, or of the perpendicular raiſed from the 

<lb></lb>point G, to the line B F, whereas in the greater wheel the retracti­

<lb></lb>on needs to be no more than the ſecant D E, or the perpendicu­

<lb></lb>lar let fall from the tangent D G to the point E, leſſe by much 

<lb></lb>than F G, and alwayes leſſer and leſſer according as the wheel is 

<lb></lb>made bigger. </s><s>And foraſmuch as theſe retractions (as I may call 

<lb></lb>them) are required to be made in equal times, that is, whil&#039;ſt the 

<lb></lb>wheels paſſe the two equal arches B G and C E, that of the ſtone 

<lb></lb>B, that is, the retraction F G ought to be more ſwift than the o­

<lb></lb>ther D E; and therefore much greater force will be required for 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/202.jpg" pagenum="194"></pb>holding faſt the ſtone B to its little wheel, than for the holding 

<lb></lb>the ſtone C to its great one, which is as much as to ſay, that ſuch 

<lb></lb>a ſmall thing will impede the extruſion in the great wheel, as will 

<lb></lb>not at all hinder it in the little one. </s><s>It is manifeſt therefore that 

<lb></lb>the more the wheel augmenteth, the more the cauſe of the pro­

<lb></lb>jection diminiſheth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>From this which I now underſtand, by help of your mi­

<lb></lb>nute diſſertation, I am induced to think, that I am able to ſatisfie 

<lb></lb>my judgment in a very few words. </s><s>For equal <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> being im­

<lb></lb>preſſed on both the ſtones that move along the tangents, by the 

<lb></lb>equal velocity of the two wheels, we ſee the great circumference, 

<lb></lb>by means of its ſmall deviation from the tangent, to go ſeconding, 

<lb></lb>as it were, and in a fair way refraining in the ſtone the appetite, if 

<lb></lb>I may ſo ſay, of ſeparating from the circumference; ſo that any 

<lb></lb>ſmall retention, either of its own inclination, or of ſome glutina­

<lb></lb>tion ſufficeth to hold it faſt to the wheel. </s><s>Which, again, is not a­

<lb></lb>ble to work the like effect in the little wheel, which but little pro­

<lb></lb>ſecuting the direction of the tangent, ſeeketh with too much ea­

<lb></lb>gerneſſe to hold faſt the ſtone; and the reſtriction and glutination 

<lb></lb>not being ſtronger than that which holdeth the other ſtone faſt to </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg389"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the greater wheel, it ^{*} breaks looſe, and runneth along the tan­

<lb></lb>gent. </s><s>Therefore I do not only finde that all thoſe have erred, 

<lb></lb>who have believed the cauſe of the projection to increaſe accor­

<lb></lb>ding to the augmentation of the <emph type="italics"></emph>vertigo&#039;s<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> velocity; but I am 

<lb></lb>further thinking, that the projection diminiſhing in the inlarging of 

<lb></lb>the wheel, ſo long as the ſame velocity is reteined in thoſe wheels; 

<lb></lb>it may poſſibly be true, that he that would make the great wheel 

<lb></lb>extrude things like the little one, would be forced to increaſe 

<lb></lb>them as much in velocity, as they increaſe in diameter, which he 

<lb></lb>might do, by making them to finiſh their converſions in equal 

<lb></lb>times; and thus we may conclude, that the Earths revolution or 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> would be no more able to extrude ſtones, than any little 

<lb></lb>wheel that goeth ſo ſlowly, as that it maketh but one turn in twen­

<lb></lb>ty four hours.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg389"></margin.target>* Strappar la ca­

<lb></lb>vezza, <emph type="italics"></emph>is to break 

<lb></lb>the bridle.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We will enquire no further into this point for the pre­

<lb></lb>ſent: let it ſuffice that we have abundantly (if I deceive not my 

<lb></lb>ſelf) demonſtrated the invalidity of the argument, which at firſt 

<lb></lb>ſight ſeemed very concluding, and was ſo held by very famous 

<lb></lb>men: and I ſhall think my time and words well beſtowed, if I 

<lb></lb>have but gained ſome belief in the opinion of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I will 

<lb></lb>not ſay or the Earths mobility, but only that the opinion of thoſe 

<lb></lb>that believe it, is not ſo ridiculous and fond, as the rout of vulgar 

<lb></lb>Philoſophers eſteem it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The anſwers hitherto produced againſt the arguments 

<lb></lb>brought againſt this <emph type="italics"></emph>Diurnal Revolution<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the Earth taken from 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/203.jpg" pagenum="195"></pb>grave bodies falling from the top of a Tower, and from proje­

<lb></lb>ctions made perpendicularly upwards, or according to any inclina­

<lb></lb>tion ſidewayes towards the Eaſt, Weſt, North, South, &amp;c. </s><s>have 

<lb></lb>ſomewhat abated in me the antiquated incredulity I had conceived 

<lb></lb>againſt that opinion: but other greater doubts run in my mind 

<lb></lb>at this very inſtant, which I know not in the leaſt how to free my 

<lb></lb>ſelf of, and haply you your ſelf will not be able to reſolve them; 

<lb></lb>nay, its poſſible you may not have heard them, for they are very 

<lb></lb>modern. </s><s>And theſe are the objections of two Authours, that <emph type="italics"></emph>ex 

<lb></lb>profeſſo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> write againſt <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Some of which are read in a 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg390"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>little Tract of natural concluſions; The reſt are by a great both 

<lb></lb>Philoſopher and Mathematician, inſerted in a Treatiſe which he 

<lb></lb>hath written in favour of <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and his opinion touching the 

<lb></lb>inalterability of the Heavens, where he proveth, that not onely 

<lb></lb>the Comets, but alſo the new ſtars, namely, that <emph type="italics"></emph>anno<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1572. in 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Caſſiopeia,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and that <emph type="italics"></emph>anno<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1604. in <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagittarius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> were not above the 

<lb></lb>Spheres of the Planets, but abſolutely beneath the concave of 

<lb></lb>the Moon in the Elementary Sphere, and this he demonſtrateth a­

<lb></lb>gainſt <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho, Kepler,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and many other Aftronomical Obſervators, 

<lb></lb>and beateth them at their own weapon; to wit, the Doctrine of 

<lb></lb>Parallaxes. </s><s>If you like thereof, I will give you the reaſons of 

<lb></lb>both theſe Authours, for I have read them more than once, 

<lb></lb>with attention; and you may examine their ſtrength, and give 

<lb></lb>your opinion thereon.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg390"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Other objections 

<lb></lb>of two modern Au­

<lb></lb>thors against<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Co­

<lb></lb>pernicus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In regard that our principal end is to bring upon the 

<lb></lb>ſtage, and to conſider what ever hath been ſaid for, or againſt the 

<lb></lb>two Syſtemes, <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomaick,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it is not good to omit 

<lb></lb>any thing that hath been written on this ſubject.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will begin therefore with the objections which I finde 

<lb></lb>in the Treatiſe of Concluſions, and afterwards proceed to the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg391"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>reſt. </s><s>In the firſt place then, he beſtoweth much paines in calcu­

<lb></lb>lating exactly how many miles an hour a point of the terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe ſituate under the Equinoctial, goeth, and how many miles 

<lb></lb>are paſt by other points ſituate in other parallels: and not being 

<lb></lb>content with finding out ſuch motions in horary times, he findeth 

<lb></lb>them alſo in a minute of an hour; and not contenting himſelf 

<lb></lb>with a minute, he findes them alſo in a ſecond minute; yea more, 

<lb></lb>he goeth on to ſhew plainly, how many miles a Cannon bullet 

<lb></lb>would go in the ſame time, being placed in the concave of the Lu­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg392"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>nar Orb, ſuppoſing it alſo as big as <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf repreſenteth 

<lb></lb>it, to take away all ſubterfuges from his adverſary. </s><s>And having 

<lb></lb>made this moſt ingenious and exquiſite ſupputation, he ſheweth, 

<lb></lb>that a grave body falling from thence above would conſume more 

<lb></lb>than ſix dayes in attaining to the centre of the Earth, to which all 

<lb></lb>grave bodies naturally move. </s><s>Now if by the abſolute Divine 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/204.jpg" pagenum="196"></pb>Power, or by ſome Angel, a very great Cannon bullet were carri­

<lb></lb>ed up thither, and placed in our Zenith or vertical point, and from 

<lb></lb>thence let go at liberty, it is in his, and alſo in my opinion, a moſt 

<lb></lb>incredible thing that it, in deſcending downwards, ſhould all the 

<lb></lb>way maintain it ſelf in our vertical line, continuing to turn round 

<lb></lb>with the Earth, about its centre, for ſo many dayes, deſcribing 

<lb></lb>under the Equinoctial a Spiral line in the plain of the great circle 

<lb></lb>it ſelf: and under other Parallels, Spiral lines about Cones, and 

<lb></lb>under the Poles falling by a ſimple right line. </s><s>He, in the next 

<lb></lb>place, ſtabliſheth and confirmeth this great improbability by pro­

<lb></lb>ving, in the way of interrogations, many difficulties impoſſible to 

<lb></lb>be removed by the followers of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and they are, if I do 

<lb></lb>well remember-----.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg391"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The firſt obje­

<lb></lb>ction of the mo­

<lb></lb>dern Author of 

<lb></lb>the little tract of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Concluſions.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg392"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A Cannon bul­

<lb></lb>let would ſpend 

<lb></lb>more than ſix days 

<lb></lb>in falling from the 

<lb></lb>Concave of the 

<lb></lb>Moon to the cen­

<lb></lb>tre of the Earth, 

<lb></lb>according to the o­

<lb></lb>pinion of that mo­

<lb></lb>dern Author of the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Concluſions.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Take up a little, good <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and do not load me 

<lb></lb>with ſo many novelties at once: I have but a bad memory, and 

<lb></lb>therefore I muſt not go too faſt. </s><s>And in regard it cometh into 

<lb></lb>my minde, that I once undertook to calculate how long time ſuch a 

<lb></lb>grave body falling from the concave of the Moon, would be in 

<lb></lb>paſſing to the centre of the Earth, and that I think I remember 

<lb></lb>that the time would not be ſo long; it would be fit that you ſhew 

<lb></lb>us by what rule this Author made his calculation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>He hath done it by proving his intent <emph type="italics"></emph>à fortiori,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a ſuffi­

<lb></lb>cient advantage for his adverſaries, ſuppoſing that the velocity of 

<lb></lb>the body falling along the vertical line, towards the centre of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, were equal to the velocity of its circular motion, which it 

<lb></lb>made in the grand circle of the concave of the Lunar Orb. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Which by equation would come to paſſe in an hour, twelve thou­

<lb></lb>ſand ſix hundred German miles, a thing which indeed ſavours of 

<lb></lb>impoſſibility: Yet nevertheleſſe, to ſhew his abundant caution, 

<lb></lb>and to give all advantages to his adverſaries, he ſuppoſeth it for 

<lb></lb>true, and concludeth, that the time oſ the fall ought however to 

<lb></lb>be more than ſix dayes.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And is this the ſum of his method? </s><s>And doth he by 

<lb></lb>this demonſtration prove the time of the fall to be above ſix 

<lb></lb>dayes?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Me thinks that he hath behaved himſelf too modeſtly, 

<lb></lb>for that having it in the power of his will to give what velocity he 

<lb></lb>pleaſed to ſuch a deſcending body, and might aſwell have made it 

<lb></lb>ſix moneths, nay, ſix years in falling to the Earth, he is content 

<lb></lb>with ſix dayes. </s><s>But, good <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſharpen my appetite a lit­

<lb></lb>tle, by telling me in what manner you made your computation, in 

<lb></lb>regard you ſay, that you have heretofore caſt it up: for I am con­

<lb></lb>fident that if the queſtion had not required ſome ingenuity in 

<lb></lb>working it, you would never have applied your minde unto 

<lb></lb>it.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/205.jpg" pagenum="197"></pb><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is not enough, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that the ſubjects be noble 

<lb></lb>and great, but the buſineſſe conſiſts in handling it nobly. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>who knoweth not, that in the diſſection of the members of 

<lb></lb>a beaſt, there may be diſcovered infinite wonders of provident 

<lb></lb>and prudent Nature; and yet for one, that the Anatomiſt diſ­

<lb></lb>ſects, the butcher cuts up a thouſand. </s><s>Thus I, who am now 

<lb></lb>ſeeking how to ſatisfie your demand, cannot tell with which of the 

<lb></lb>two ſhapes I had beſt to appear on the Stage; but yet, taking 

<lb></lb>heart from the example of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> his Authour, I will, with­

<lb></lb>out more delays, give you an account (if I have not forgot) how 

<lb></lb>I proceeded. </s><s>But before I go any further, I muſt not omit to tell 

<lb></lb>you, that I much fear that <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath not faithfully related 

<lb></lb>the manner how this his Authour found, that the Cannon bul­

<lb></lb>let in coming from the concave of the Moon to the centre of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, would ſpend more than fix dayes: for if he had ſuppo­

<lb></lb>ſed that its velocity in deſcending was equal to that of the 

<lb></lb>concave (as <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſaith he doth ſuppoſe) he would have 

<lb></lb>ſhewn himſelf ignorant of the firſt, and more ſimple principles 

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Geometry<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; yea, I admire that <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in admitting the 

<lb></lb>ſuppoſition which he ſpeaketh of, doth not ſee the monſtrous ab­

<lb></lb>ſurdity that is couched in it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Its poſſible that I may have erred in relating it; but 

<lb></lb>that I ſee any fallacy in it, I am ſure is not true.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Perhaps I did not rightly apprehend that which you 

<lb></lb>ſaid, Do you not ſay, that this Authour maketh the velocity 

<lb></lb>of the bullet in deſcending equall to that which it had in tur­

<lb></lb>ning round, being in the concave of the Moon, and that com­

<lb></lb>ming down with the ſame velocity, it would reach to the centre 

<lb></lb>in ſix dayes?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. So, as I think, he writeth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And do not you perceive a ſhamefull errour therein? 

<lb></lb></s><s>But queſtionleſſe you diſſemble it: For it cannot be, but that 

<lb></lb>you ſhould know that the ſemidiameter of the Circle is leſſe than 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg393"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the ſixth part of the circumference; and that conſequently, the 

<lb></lb>time in which the moveable ſhall paſſe the ſemidiameter, ſhall be 

<lb></lb>leſſe than the ſixth part of the time; in which, being moved 

<lb></lb>with the ſame velocity, it would paſſe the circumference; and 

<lb></lb>that therefore the bullet deſcending with the velocity, where­

<lb></lb>with it moved in the concave, will arrive in leſſe than four hours 

<lb></lb>at the centre, ſuppoſing that in the concave one revolution 

<lb></lb>ſhould be conſummate in twenty four hours, as he muſt of ne­

<lb></lb>ceſſity have ſuppoſed it, for to keep it all the way in the ſame 

<lb></lb>vertical line.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg393"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A ſhamefull 

<lb></lb>errour in the Ar­

<lb></lb>gument taken from 

<lb></lb>the bullets falling 

<lb></lb>out of the Moons 

<lb></lb>concave.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Now I thorowly perceive the miſtake: but yet I 

<lb></lb>would not lay it upon him undeſervedly, for it&#039;s poſſible that I 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/206.jpg" pagenum="198"></pb>may have erred in rehearſing his Argument, and to avoid running 

<lb></lb>into the ſame miſtakes for the future, I could wiſh I had his 

<lb></lb>Book; and if you had any body to ſend for it, I would take it 

<lb></lb>for a great favour.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You ſhall not want a Lacquey that will runne for it 

<lb></lb>with all ſpeed: and he ſhall do it preſently, without loſing any 

<lb></lb>time; in the mean time <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> may pleaſe to oblige us with his 

<lb></lb>computation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>If he go, he ſhall finde it lie open upon my Desk, 

<lb></lb>together with that of the other Author, who alſo argueth a­

<lb></lb>gainſt <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>We will make him bring that alſo for the more cer­

<lb></lb>tainty: and in the interim <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhall make his calculation: I 

<lb></lb>have diſpatch&#039;t away a meſſenger.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Above all things it muſt be conſidered, that the motion 

<lb></lb>of deſcending grave bodies is not uniform, but departing from 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg394"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>reſt they go continually accelerating: An effect known and ob­

<lb></lb>ſerved by all men, unleſſe it be by the forementioned modern Au­

<lb></lb>thour, who not ſpeaking of acceleration, maketh it even and u­

<lb></lb>niforme. </s><s>But this general notion is of no avail, if it be not known 

<lb></lb>according to what proportion this increaſe of velocity is made; a 

<lb></lb>concluſion that hath been until our times unknown to all <emph type="italics"></emph>Philoſo­

<lb></lb>phers<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and was firſt found out &amp; demonſtrated by the ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Academick,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg395"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>our common friend, who in ſome of his ^{*} writings not yet publiſh­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg396"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ed, but in familiarity ſhewn to me, and ſome others of his ac­

<lb></lb>quaintance he proveth, how that the acceleration of the right mo­

<lb></lb>tion of grave bodies, is made according to the numbers uneven 

<lb></lb>beginning <emph type="italics"></emph>ab unitate,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that is, any number of equal times being aſ­

<lb></lb>ſigned, if in the firſt time the moveable departing from reſt ſhall 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg397"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>have paſſed ſuch a certain ſpace, as for example, an ell, in the ſe­

<lb></lb>cond time it ſhall have paſſed three ells, in the third five, in the 

<lb></lb>fourth ſeven, and ſo progreſſively, according to the following odd 

<lb></lb>numbers; which in ſhort is the ſame, as if I ſhould ſay, that the 

<lb></lb>ſpaces paſſed by the moveable departing from its reſt, are unto 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg398"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>each other in proportion double to the proportion of the times, 

<lb></lb>in which thoſe ſpaces are meaſured; or we will ſay, that the 

<lb></lb>ſpaces paſſed are to each other, as the ſquares of their times.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg394"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An exact com­

<lb></lb>pute of the time of 

<lb></lb>the fall of the Ca­

<lb></lb>non bullet from the 

<lb></lb>Moons concave to 

<lb></lb>the Earths centre.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg395"></margin.target>* The Author.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg396"></margin.target>* By theſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Wri­

<lb></lb>tings,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> he every 

<lb></lb>where meanes his 

<lb></lb>Dialogues, <emph type="italics"></emph>De mo­

<lb></lb>tu,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which I promiſe 

<lb></lb>to give you in my 

<lb></lb>ſecond Volume.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg397"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Acceleration of 

<lb></lb>the natural motion 

<lb></lb>of grave bodies is 

<lb></lb>made according to 

<lb></lb>the odde numbers 

<lb></lb>beginning at unity.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg398"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſpaces paſt 

<lb></lb>by the falling 

<lb></lb>grave body are as 

<lb></lb>the ſquares of their 

<lb></lb>times.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This is truly admirable: and do you ſay that there is 

<lb></lb>a Mathematical demonſtration for it?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Yes, purely Mathematical; and not onely for this, but 

<lb></lb>for many other very admirable paſſions, pertaining to natural mo­

<lb></lb>tions, and to projects alſo, all invented, and demonſtrated by <emph type="italics"></emph>Our<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg399"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Friend,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and I have ſeen and conſidered them all to my very great 

<lb></lb>content and admiration, ſeeing a new compleat Doctrine to ſpring 

<lb></lb>up touching a ſubject, upon which have been written hundreds of 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/207.jpg" pagenum="199"></pb>Volumes; and yet not ſo much as one of the infinite admirable 

<lb></lb>concluſions that thoſe his writings contain, hath ever been ob­

<lb></lb>ſerved, or underſtood by any one, before <emph type="italics"></emph>Our Friend<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> made 

<lb></lb>them out.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg399"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An intire and 

<lb></lb>new Science of the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Academick <emph type="italics"></emph>concer­

<lb></lb>ning local motion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You make me loſe the deſire I had to underſtand 

<lb></lb>more in our diſputes in hand, onely that I may hear ſome of 

<lb></lb>thoſe demonſtrations which you ſpeak of; therefore either give 

<lb></lb>them me preſently, or at leaſt promiſe me upon your word, to 

<lb></lb>appoint a particular conference concerning them, at which <emph type="italics"></emph>Sim­

<lb></lb>plicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> alſo may be preſent, if he ſhall have a mind to hear the 

<lb></lb>paſſions and accidents of the primary effect in Nature.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I ſhall undoubtedly be much pleaſed therewith, though 

<lb></lb>indeed, as to what concerneth Natural Philoſophy, I do not think 

<lb></lb>that it is neceſſary to deſcend unto minute particularities, a gene­

<lb></lb>ral knowledg of the definition of motion, and of the diſtin­

<lb></lb>ction of natural and violent, even and accelerate, and the like, 

<lb></lb>ſufficing: For if this were not ſufficient, I do not think that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ari­

<lb></lb>ſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> would have omitted to have taught us what ever more was 

<lb></lb>neceſſary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It may be ſo. </s><s>But let us not loſe more time about 

<lb></lb>this, which I promiſe to ſpend half a day apart in, for your ſatis­

<lb></lb>faction; nay, now I remember, I did promiſe you once before to 

<lb></lb>ſatisfie you herein. </s><s>Returning therefore to our begun calcula­

<lb></lb>tion of the time, wherein the grave cadent body would paſs from 

<lb></lb>the concave of the Moon to the centre of the Earth, that we may 

<lb></lb>not proceed arbitrarily and at randon, but with a Logical method, 

<lb></lb>we will firſt attempt to aſcertain our ſelves by experiments often 

<lb></lb>repeated, in how long time a ball <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of Iron deſcendeth to the 

<lb></lb>Earth from an altitude of an hundred yards.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Let us therefore take a ball of ſuch a determinate 

<lb></lb>weight, and let it be the ſame wherewith we intend to make the 

<lb></lb>computation of the time of deſcent from the Moon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is not material, for that a ball of one, of ten, of an 

<lb></lb>hundred, of a thouſand pounds, will all meaſure the ſame hundred 

<lb></lb>yards in the ſame time.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But this I cannot believe, nor much leſs doth <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>think ſo, who writeth, that the velocities of deſcending grave 

<lb></lb>bodies, are in the ſame proportion to one another, as their gra­

<lb></lb>vities.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If you will admit this for true, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> you muſt be­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg400"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>lieve alſo, that two balls of the ſame matter, being let fall in the 

<lb></lb>ſame moment, one of an hundred pounds, and another of one, 

<lb></lb>from an altitude of an hundred yards, the great one arriveth at the 

<lb></lb>ground, before the other is deſcended but one yard onely: Now 

<lb></lb>bring your fancy, if you can, to imagine, that you ſee the great 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/208.jpg" pagenum="200"></pb>ball got to the ground, when the little one is ſtill within leſs than 

<lb></lb>a yard of the top of the Tower.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg400"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The error of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ari­

<lb></lb>ſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>in affirming, 

<lb></lb>falling grave bo­

<lb></lb>dies to move accor­

<lb></lb>ding to the propor­

<lb></lb>tion of their gravi­

<lb></lb>ties.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>That this propoſition is moſt falſe, I make no doubt in 

<lb></lb>the world; but yet that yours is abſolutely true, I cannot well 

<lb></lb>aſſure my ſelf: nevertheleſs, I believe it, ſeeing that you ſo re­

<lb></lb>ſolutely affirm it; which I am ſure you would not do, if you had 

<lb></lb>not certain experience, or ſome clear demonſtration thereof.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have both: and when we ſhall handle the buſineſs 

<lb></lb>of motions apart, I will communicate them: in the interim, that 

<lb></lb>we may have no more occaſions of interrupting our diſcourſe, we 

<lb></lb>will ſuppoſe, that we are to make our computation upon a ball of 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg401"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Iron of an hundred <emph type="italics"></emph>(a)<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> pounds, the which by reiterated experi­

<lb></lb>ments deſcendeth from the altitude of an hundred <emph type="italics"></emph>(b)<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> yards, in 

<lb></lb>five ſecond-minutes of an hour. </s><s>And becauſe, as we have ſaid, 

<lb></lb>the ſpaces that are meaſured by the cadent moveable, increaſe in 

<lb></lb>double proportion; that is, according to the ſquares of the times, 

<lb></lb>being that the time of one firſt-minute is duodecuple to the time 

<lb></lb>of five ſeconds, if we multiply the hundred yards by the ſquare of 

<lb></lb>12, that is by 144, we ſhall have 14400, which ſhall be the num­

<lb></lb>ber of yards that the ſame moveable ſhall paſs in one firſt-minute 

<lb></lb>of an hour: and following the ſame rule becauſe one hour is 60 

<lb></lb>minutes, multiplying 14400, the number of yards paſt in one mi­

<lb></lb>nute, by the ſquare of 60, that is, by 3600, there ſhall come forth 

<lb></lb>51840000, the number of yards to be paſſed in an hour, which 

<lb></lb>make 17280 miles. </s><s>And deſiring to know the ſpace that the ſaid 

<lb></lb>ball would paſs in 4 hours, let us multiply 17280 by 16, (which 

<lb></lb>is the ſquare of 4) and the product will be 276480 miles: which 

<lb></lb>number is much greater than the diſtance from the Lunar concave 

<lb></lb>to the centre of the Earth, which is but 196000 miles, making the 

<lb></lb>diſtance of the concave 56 ſemidiameters of the Earth, as that mo­

<lb></lb>dern Author doth; and the ſemidiameter of the Earth 3500 miles, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg402"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of 3000 ^{*}<emph type="italics"></emph>Braces<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to a †mile, which are our <emph type="italics"></emph>Italian<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> miles.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg401"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>(a) (b)<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Note that 

<lb></lb>theſe Calculations 

<lb></lb>are made in <emph type="italics"></emph>Itali­

<lb></lb>an<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> weights and 

<lb></lb>meaſures. </s><s>And 100 

<lb></lb>pounds <emph type="italics"></emph>Haverdu­

<lb></lb>poiſe<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> make 131 <emph type="italics"></emph>l. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Florentine.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And 

<lb></lb>100 Engliſh yards 

<lb></lb>makes 150 2/5 Braces 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Florent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſo that the 

<lb></lb>brace or yard of 

<lb></lb>our <emph type="italics"></emph>Author<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is 3/4 

<lb></lb>of cur yard.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg402"></margin.target>* The <emph type="italics"></emph>Italian<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> mea­

<lb></lb>ſure which I com­

<lb></lb>monly tranſl te 

<lb></lb>yards.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Therefore, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that ſpace from the concave of the Moon 

<lb></lb>to the centre of the Earth, which your Accomptant ſaid could 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg403"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>not be paſſed under more than ſix days, you ſee that (computing 

<lb></lb>by experience, and not upon the fingers ends) that it ſhall be paſ­

<lb></lb>ſed in much leſs than four hours; and making the computation 

<lb></lb>exact, it ſhall be paſſed by the moveable in 3 hours, 22 <emph type="italics"></emph>min. </s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and 4 ſeconds.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg403"></margin.target>† The <emph type="italics"></emph>Italian<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> mile 

<lb></lb>is 1000/1056 of our mile.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I beſeech you, dear Sir, do not defraud me of this ex­

<lb></lb>act calculation, for it muſt needs be very excellent.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So indeed it is: therefore having (as I have ſaid) by 

<lb></lb>diligent tryal obſerved, that ſuch a moveable paſſeth in its deſcent, 

<lb></lb>the height of 100 yards in 5 ſeconds of an hour, we will ſay, if 

<lb></lb>100 yards are paſſed in 5 ſeconds; in how many ſeconds ſhall 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/209.jpg" pagenum="201"></pb>588000000 yards (for ſo many are in 56 diameters of the Earth) 

<lb></lb>be paſſed? </s><s>The rule for this work is, that the third number muſt 

<lb></lb>be multiplied by the ſquare of the ſecond, of which doth come 

<lb></lb>14700000000, which ought to be divided by the firſt, that is, by 

<lb></lb>100, and the root ſquare of the quotient, that is, 12124 is the 

<lb></lb>number ſought, namely 12124 <emph type="italics"></emph>min. </s><s>ſecun.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of an hour, which are 

<lb></lb>3 hours, 22 <emph type="italics"></emph>min. </s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 4 ſeconds.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I have ſeen the working, but I know nothing of the 

<lb></lb>reaſon for ſo working, nor do I now think it a time to ask it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Yet I will give it, though you do not ask it, becauſe it 

<lb></lb>is very eaſie. </s><s>Let us mark theſe three numbers with the Letters 

<lb></lb>A firſt, B ſecond, C 

<lb></lb><figure id="id.065.01.209.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/209/1.jpg"></figure>

<lb></lb>third. </s><s>A and C are the 

<lb></lb>numbers of the ſpaces, 

<lb></lb>B is the number of the 

<lb></lb>time; the fourth number 

<lb></lb>is ſought, of the time 

<lb></lb>alſo. </s><s>And becauſe we 

<lb></lb>know, that look what 

<lb></lb>proportion the ſpace A, 

<lb></lb>hath to the ſpuace C, the 

<lb></lb>ſame proportion ſhall the 

<lb></lb>ſquare of the time B 

<lb></lb>have to the ſqare of the 

<lb></lb>time, which is ſought. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Therefore by the Golden Rule, let the number C be multi­

<lb></lb>plied by the ſquare of the number B, and let the product be di­

<lb></lb>vided by the number A, and the quotient ſhall be the ſquare of 

<lb></lb>the number ſought, and its ſquare root ſhall be the number it ſelf 

<lb></lb>that is ſought. </s><s>Now you ſee how eaſie it is to be underſtood.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>So are all truths, when once they are found out, but the 

<lb></lb>difficulty lyeth in finding them. </s><s>I very well apprehend it, and kindly 

<lb></lb>thank you. </s><s>And if there remain any other curioſity touching this 

<lb></lb>point, I pray you let us hear it; for if I may ſpeak my mind, I 

<lb></lb>will with the favour of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that from your diſcourſes I al­

<lb></lb>wayes learn ſome new motion, but from thoſe of his Philoſo­

<lb></lb>phers, I do not remember that I have learn&#039;t any thing of mo­

<lb></lb>ment.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>There might be much more ſaid touching theſe local 

<lb></lb>motions; but according to agreement, we will reſerve it to a par­

<lb></lb>ticular conference, and for the preſent I will ſpeak ſomething 

<lb></lb>touching the Author named by <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who thinketh he hath 

<lb></lb>given a great advantage to the adverſe party in granting that, that 

<lb></lb>Canon bullet in falling from the concave of the Moon may de­

<lb></lb>ſcend with a velocity equal to the velocity wherewith it would 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/210.jpg" pagenum="202"></pb>turn round, ſtaying there above, and moving along with the di­

<lb></lb>urnal converſion. </s><s>Now I tell him, that that ſame ball falling from 

<lb></lb>the concave unto the centre, will acquire a degree of velocity 

<lb></lb>much more than double the velocity of the diurnal motion of the 

<lb></lb>Lunar concave; and this I will make out by ſolid and not imper­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg404"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>tinent ſuppoſitions. </s><s>You muſt know therefore that the grave 

<lb></lb>body falling and acquiring all the way new velocity according 

<lb></lb>to the proportion already mentioned, hath in any whatſoever 

<lb></lb>place of the line of its motion ſuch a degree of velocity, that if it 

<lb></lb>ſhould continue to move therewith, uniformly without farther 

<lb></lb>encreaſing it; in another time like to that of its deſcent, it would 

<lb></lb>paſſe a ſpace double to that paſſed in the line of the precedent 

<lb></lb>motion of deſcent. </s><s>And thus for example, if that ball in coming 

<lb></lb>from the concave of the Moon to its centre hath ſpent three hours, 

<lb></lb>22 min. <emph type="italics"></emph>prim.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 4 ſeconds, I ſay, that being arrived at the cen­

<lb></lb>tre, it ſhall find it ſelf conſtituted in ſuch a degree of velocity, that 

<lb></lb>if with that, without farther encreaſing it, it ſhould continue to 

<lb></lb>move uniformly, it would in other 3 hours, 22 min. <emph type="italics"></emph>prim.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>4 ſeconds, paſſe double that ſpace, namely as much as the whole 

<lb></lb>diameter of the Lunar Orb; and becauſe from the Moons con­

<lb></lb>cave to the centre are 196000 miles, which the ball paſſeth in 3 

<lb></lb>hours 22 <emph type="italics"></emph>prim.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> min. </s><s>and 4 ſeconds, therefore (according to what 

<lb></lb>hath been ſaid) the ball continuing to move with the velocity 

<lb></lb>which it is found to have in its arrival at the centre, it would 

<lb></lb>paſſe in other 3 hours 22 min. </s><s>prim. </s><s>and 4 ſeconds, a ſpace dou­

<lb></lb>ble to that, namely 392000 miles; but the ſame continuing in 

<lb></lb>the concave of the Moon, which is in circuit 1232000 miles, and 

<lb></lb>moving therewith in a diurnal motion, it would make in the ſame 

<lb></lb>time, that is in 3 hours 22 min. </s><s>prim. </s><s>and 4 ſeconds, 172880 

<lb></lb>miles, which are fewer by many than the half of the 392000 

<lb></lb>miles. </s><s>You ſee then that the motion in the concave is not as the 

<lb></lb>modern Author ſaith, that is, of a velocity impoſſible for the fall­

<lb></lb>ing ball to partake of, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg404"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The falling move­

<lb></lb>able if it move with 

<lb></lb>a degree of veloci­

<lb></lb>ty acquired in a 

<lb></lb>like time with an 

<lb></lb>uniform motion, it 

<lb></lb>ſhall paß a ſpace 

<lb></lb>double to that paſ­

<lb></lb>ſed with the acce­

<lb></lb>leratedmotion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The diſcourſe would paſs for current, and would give 

<lb></lb>me full ſatisfaction, if that particular was but ſalved, of the mo­

<lb></lb>ving of the moveable by a double ſpace to that paſſed in falling 

<lb></lb>in another time equal to that of the deſcent, in caſe it doth continue 

<lb></lb>to move uniformly with the greateſt degree of velocity acquired 

<lb></lb>in deſcending. </s><s>A propoſition which you alſo once before ſuppo­

<lb></lb>ſed as true, but never demonſtrated.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is one of the demonſtrations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Our Friend,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>you ſhall ſee it in due time; but for the preſent, I will with ſome 

<lb></lb>conjectures (not teach you any thing that is new, but) remember you 

<lb></lb>of a certain contrary opinion, and ſhew you, that it may haply ſo be. 

<lb></lb></s><s>A bullet of lead hanging in a long and fine thread faſtened to the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/211.jpg" pagenum="203"></pb>roof, if we remove it far from perpendicularity, and then let it go, 

<lb></lb>have you not obſerved that, it declining, will paſs freely, and well 

<lb></lb>near as far to the other ſide of the perpendicular?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I have obſerved it very well, and find (eſpecially if the 

<lb></lb>plummet be of any conſiderable weight) that it riſeth ſo little leſs 

<lb></lb>than it deſcended, ſo that I have ſometimes thought, that the a­

<lb></lb>ſcending arch is equal to that deſcending, and thereupon made it 

<lb></lb>a queſtion whether the vibrations might not perpetuate themſelves; 

<lb></lb>and I believe that they might, if that it were poſſible to remove 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg405"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the impediment of the Air, which reſiſting penetration, doth ſome 

<lb></lb>ſmall matter retard and impede the motion of the <emph type="italics"></emph>pendulum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>though indeed that impediment is but ſmall: in favour of which 

<lb></lb>opinion the great number of vibrations that are made before the 

<lb></lb>moveable wholly ceaſeth to move, ſeems to plead.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg405"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motion of 

<lb></lb>grave<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> penduli 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>might be perpetua­

<lb></lb>ted, impediments 

<lb></lb>being removed.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The motion would not be perpetual, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> al­

<lb></lb>though the impediment of the Air were totally removed, becauſe 

<lb></lb>there is another much more abſtruſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And what is that? </s><s>as for my part I can think of no 

<lb></lb>other?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You will be pleaſed when you hear it, but I ſhall not 

<lb></lb>tell it you till anon: in the mean time, let us proceed. </s><s>I have 

<lb></lb>propoſed the obſervation of this <emph type="italics"></emph>Pendulum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to the intent, that you 

<lb></lb>ſhould underſtand, that the <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> acquired in the deſcending 

<lb></lb>arch, where the motion is natural, is of it ſelf able to drive the 

<lb></lb>ſaid ball with a violent motion, as far on the other ſide in the like 

<lb></lb>aſcending arch; if ſo, I ſay, of it ſelf, all external impediments 

<lb></lb>being removed: I believe alſo that every one takes it for granted, 

<lb></lb>that as in the deſcending arch the velocity all the way increaſeth, 

<lb></lb>till it come to the loweſt point, or its perpendicularity; ſo from 

<lb></lb>this point, by the other aſcending arch, it all the wav diminiſheth, 

<lb></lb>untill it come to its extreme and higheſt point: and diminiſhing 

<lb></lb>with the ſame proportions, where with it did before increaſe, ſo that 

<lb></lb>the dgrees of the velocities in the points equidiſtant from the point 

<lb></lb>of perpendicularity, are equal to each other. </s><s>Hence it ſeemeth 

<lb></lb>to me (arguing with all due modeſty) that I might eaſily be induced 

<lb></lb>to believe, that if the Terreſtrial Globe were bored thorow the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg406"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>centre, a Canon bullet deſcending through that Well, would ac­

<lb></lb>quire by that time it came to the centre, ſuch an impulſe of velo­

<lb></lb>city, that, it having paſſed beyond the centre, would ſpring it up­

<lb></lb>wards the other way, as great a ſpace, as that was wherewith it had 

<lb></lb>deſcended, all the way beyond the centre diminiſhing the velocity 

<lb></lb>with decreaſements like to the increaſements acquired in the de­

<lb></lb>ſcent: and the time ſpent in this ſecond motion of aſcent, I be­

<lb></lb>lieve, would be equal to the time of deſcent. </s><s>Now if the move­

<lb></lb>able by diminiſhing that its greateſt degree of velocity which it 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/212.jpg" pagenum="204"></pb>had in the centre, ſucceſſively until it come to total extinction, 

<lb></lb>do carry the moveable in ſuch a time ſuch a certain ſpace, as it had 

<lb></lb>gone in ſuch a like quantity of time, by the acquiſt of velocity 

<lb></lb>from the total privation of it until it came to that its greateſt degree; 

<lb></lb>it ſeemeth very reaſonable, that if it ſhould move always with the 

<lb></lb>ſaid greateſt degree of velocity it would paſs, in ſuch another 

<lb></lb>quantity of time, both thoſe ſpaces: For if we do but in our 

<lb></lb>mind ſucceſſively divide thoſe velocities into riſing and falling 

<lb></lb>degrees, as <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> theſe numbers in the margine; ſo that the 

<lb></lb>firſt ſort unto 10 be ſuppoſed the increaſing velocities, and the 

<lb></lb>others unto 1, be the decreaſing; and let thoſe of the time 

<lb></lb>of the deſcent, and the others of the time of the aſcent being 

<lb></lb>added all together, make as many, as if one of the two ſums of 

<lb></lb>them had been all of the greateſt degrees, and therefore the 

<lb></lb>whole ſpace paſſed by all the degrees of the increaſing veloci­

<lb></lb>ties, and decreaſing, (which put together is the whole diame­

<lb></lb>ter) ought to be equal to the ſpace paſſed by the greateſt velo­

<lb></lb>cities, that are in number half the aggregate of the increaſing 

<lb></lb>and decreaſing velocities. </s><s>I know that I have but obſcurely 

<lb></lb>expreſſed my ſelf, and I wiſh I may be underſtood.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg406"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>If the Terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe were perfo­

<lb></lb>rated, a grave bo­

<lb></lb>dy deſcending by 

<lb></lb>that bore, would 

<lb></lb>paß and aſcend as 

<lb></lb>far beyond the cen­

<lb></lb>tre, as it did de­

<lb></lb>ſcend.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I think I underſtand you very well; and alſo that I 

<lb></lb>can in a few words ſhew, that I do underſtand you. </s><s>You had 

<lb></lb>a mind to ſay, that the motion begining from reſt, and all the 

<lb></lb>way increaſing the velocity with equal augmentations, ſuch as 

<lb></lb>are thoſe of continuate numbers begining at 1, rather at 0, 

<lb></lb>which repreſenteth the ſtate of reſt, diſpoſed as in the margine: 

<lb></lb>and continued at pleaſure, ſo as that the leaſt degree may be 0, 

<lb></lb>and the greateſt <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5, all theſe degrees of velocity wherewith 

<lb></lb>the moveable is moved, make the ſum of 15; but if the 

<lb></lb>moveable ſhould move with as many degrees in number as 

<lb></lb>theſe are, and each of them equal to the biggeſt, which is 5, the 

<lb></lb>aggregate of all theſe laſt velocities would be double to the 

<lb></lb>others, namely 30. And therefore the moveable moving with 

<lb></lb>a like time, but with uniform velocity, which is that of the 

<lb></lb>higheſt degree 5, ought to paſs a ſpace double to that which it 

<lb></lb>paſſeth in the accelerate time, which beginneth at the ſtate of reſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>According to your quick and piercing way of appre­

<lb></lb>hending things, you have explained the whole buſineſs with more 

<lb></lb>plainneſs than I my ſelf; and put me alſo in mind of adding ſome­

<lb></lb>thing more: for in the accelerate motion, the augmentation be­

<lb></lb>ing continual, you cannot divide the degrees of velocity, which 

<lb></lb>continually increaſe, into any determinate number, becauſe chan­

<lb></lb>ging every moment, they are evermore infinite. </s><s>Therefore we 

<lb></lb>ſhall be the better able to exemplifie our intentions by deſcribing 

<lb></lb>a Triangle, which let be this A B C, [<emph type="italics"></emph>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8.] taking in the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/213.jpg" pagenum="205"></pb>ſide A C, as many equal parts as we pleaſe, A D, D E, E F, F G, 

<lb></lb>and drawing by the points D, E, F, G, right lines parallel to the baſe 

<lb></lb>B C. </s><s>Now let us imagine the parts marked in the line A C, to be 

<lb></lb>equal times, and let the parallels drawn by the points D, E, F, G, 

<lb></lb>repreſent unto us the degrees of velocity accelerated, and increaſ­

<lb></lb>ing equally in equal times; and let the point A be the ſtate of reſt, 

<lb></lb>from which the moveable departing, hath <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in the time A D, 

<lb></lb>acquired the degree of velocity D H, in the ſecond time we will 

<lb></lb>ſuppoſe, that it hath increaſed the velocity from D H, as far as to 

<lb></lb>E I, and ſo ſuppoſing it to have grown greater in the ſucceeding 

<lb></lb>times, according to the increaſe of the lines F K, G L, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg407"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>becauſe the acceleration is made continually from moment to mo­

<lb></lb>ment, and not disjunctly from one certain part of time to another; 

<lb></lb>the point A being put for the loweſt moment of velocity, that is, 

<lb></lb>for the ſtate of reſt, and A D for the firſt inſtant of time follow­

<lb></lb>ing; it is manifeſt, that before the acquiſt of the degree of velocity 

<lb></lb>D H, made in the time A D, the moveable muſt have paſt by 

<lb></lb>infinite other leſſer and leſſer degrees gained in the infinite inſtants 

<lb></lb>that are in the time D A, anſwering the infinite points that are in 

<lb></lb>the line D A; therefore to repreſent unto us the infinite degrees 

<lb></lb>of velocity that precede the degree D H, it is neceſſary to imagine 

<lb></lb>infinite lines ſucceſſively leſſer and leſſer, which are ſuppoſed to 

<lb></lb>be drawn by the infinite points of the line D A, and parallels to 

<lb></lb>D H, the which infinite lines repreſent unto us the ſuperficies of 

<lb></lb>the Triangle A H D, and thus we may imagine any ſpace paſſed 

<lb></lb>by the moveable, with a motion which begining at reſt, goeth uni­

<lb></lb>formly accelerating, to have ſpent and made uſe of infinite degrees 

<lb></lb>of velocity, increaſing according to the infinite lines that begin­

<lb></lb>ing from the point A, are ſuppoſed to be drawn parallel to the 

<lb></lb>line H D, and to the reſt I E, K F, L G, the motion continuing as 

<lb></lb>far as one will.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg407"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The acceleration 

<lb></lb>of grave bodies na­

<lb></lb>turally deſcendent, 

<lb></lb>increaſeth from 

<lb></lb>moment to moment.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>Now let us compleat the whole Parallelogram A M B C, and let 

<lb></lb>us prolong as far as to the ſide thereof B M, not onely the Parallels 

<lb></lb>marked in the Triangle, but thoſe infinite others imagined to be 

<lb></lb>drawn from all the points of the ſide A C; and like as B C, was 

<lb></lb>the greateſt of thoſe infinite parallels of the Triangle, repreſent­

<lb></lb>ing unto us the greateſt degree of velocity acquired by the move­

<lb></lb>able in the accelerate motion, and the whole ſuperficies of the ſaid 

<lb></lb>Triangle, was the maſs and ſum of the whole velocity, wherewith 

<lb></lb>in the time A C it paſſed ſuch a certain ſpace, ſo the parallelogram 

<lb></lb>is now a maſs and aggregate of a like number of degrees of ve­

<lb></lb>locity, but each equal to the greateſt B C, the which maſs of ve­

<lb></lb>locities will be double to the maſs of the increaſing velocities in 

<lb></lb>the Triangle, like as the ſaid Parallelogram is double to the Tri­

<lb></lb>angle: and therefore if the moveable, that falling did make uſe 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/214.jpg" pagenum="206"></pb>of the accelerated degrees of velocity, anſwering to the triangle 

<lb></lb>A B C, hath paſſed in ſuch a time ſuch a ſpace, it is very reaſonable 

<lb></lb>and probable, that making uſe of the uniform velocities anſwering 

<lb></lb>to the parallelogram, it ſhall paſſe with an even motion in the 

<lb></lb>ſame time a ſpace double to that paſſed by the accelerate mo­

<lb></lb>tion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am entirely ſatisfied. </s><s>And if you call this a probable 

<lb></lb>Diſcourſe, what ſhall the neceſſary demonſtrations be? </s><s>I wiſh 

<lb></lb>that in the whole body of common Philoſophy, I could find one 

<lb></lb>that was but thus concludent.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg408"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg408"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>In natural Sci­

<lb></lb>ences it is not ne­

<lb></lb>ceſſary to ſeek Ma­

<lb></lb>thematicall evi­

<lb></lb>dence.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It is not neceſſary in natural Philoſophy to ſeek exqui­

<lb></lb>ſite Mathematical evidence.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But this point of motion, is it not a natural queſtion? 

<lb></lb></s><s>and yet I cannot find that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath demonſtrated any the 

<lb></lb>leaſt accident of it. </s><s>But let us no longer divert our intended 

<lb></lb>Theme, nor do you fail, I pray you <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to tell me that 

<lb></lb>which you hinted to me to be the cauſe of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Pendulum&#039;s<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> qui­

<lb></lb>eſcence, beſides the reſiſtance of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ro penetration.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Tell me; of two <emph type="italics"></emph>penduli<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hanging at unequal diſtan­

<lb></lb>ces, doth not that which is faſtned to the longer threed make its 

<lb></lb>vibrations more ſeldome?</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg409"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg409"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> pendulum 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>hanging at a long­

<lb></lb>er threed, maketh 

<lb></lb>its vibrations more 

<lb></lb>ſeldome than the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>pendulum <emph type="italics"></emph>hanging 

<lb></lb>at a ſhorter threed.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Yes, if they be moved to equall diſtances from their 

<lb></lb>perpendicularity.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This greater or leſſe elongation importeth nothing at 

<lb></lb>all, for the ſame <emph type="italics"></emph>pendulum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> alwayes maketh its reciprocations in e­

<lb></lb>quall times, be they longer or ſhorter, that is, though the <emph type="italics"></emph>pendulum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg410"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>be little or much removed from its perpendicularity, and if they 

<lb></lb>are not abſolutely equal, they are inſenſibly different, as expe­

<lb></lb>rience may ſhew you: and though they were very unequal, yet 

<lb></lb>would they not diſcountenance, but favour our cauſe. </s><s>There­

<lb></lb>fore let us draw the perpendicular A B [<emph type="italics"></emph>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 9.] and hang from 

<lb></lb>the point A, upon the threed A C, a plummet C, and another up­

<lb></lb>on the ſame threed alſo, which let be E, and the threed A C, being 

<lb></lb>removed from its perpendicularity, and then letting go the plum­

<lb></lb>mets C and E, they ſhall move by the arches C B D, E G F, and 

<lb></lb>the plummet E, as hanging at a leſſer diſtance, and withall, as 

<lb></lb>(by what you ſaid) leſſe removed, will return back again faſter, 

<lb></lb>and make its vibrations more frequent than the plummet C, and 

<lb></lb>therefore ſhall hinder the ſaid plummet C, from running ſo much 

<lb></lb>farther towards the term D, as it would do, if it were free: and 

<lb></lb>thus the plummet E bringing unto it in every vibration continuall 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg411"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>impediment, it ſhall finally reduce it to quieſcence. </s><s>Now the 

<lb></lb>ſame threed, (taking away the middle plummet) is a compoſition 

<lb></lb>of many grave <emph type="italics"></emph>penduli,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that is, each of its parts is ſuch a <emph type="italics"></emph>pendu­

<lb></lb>lum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> faſtned neerer and neerer to the point A, and therefore diſpo­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/215.jpg" pagenum="207"></pb>ſed to make its vibrations ſucceſſively more and more frequent; 

<lb></lb>and conſequently is able to bring a continual impediment to the 

<lb></lb>plummet C; and for a proof that this is ſo, if we do but obſerve 

<lb></lb>the thread A C, we ſhall ſee it diſtended not directly, but in an 

<lb></lb>arch; and if inſtead of the thread we take a chain, we ſhall diſ­

<lb></lb>cern the effect more perſectly; and eſpecially removing the gra­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg412"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>vity C, to a conſiderable diſtance from the perpendicular A B, for 

<lb></lb>that the chain being compoſed of many looſe particles, and each of 

<lb></lb>them of ſome weight, the arches A E C, and A F D, will appear 

<lb></lb>notably incurvated. </s><s>By reaſon therefore, that the parts of the 

<lb></lb>chain, according as they are neerer to the point A, deſire to make 

<lb></lb>their vibrations more frequent, they permit not the lower parts of 

<lb></lb>the ſaid chain to ſwing ſo far as naturally they would: and by 

<lb></lb>continual detracting from the vibrations of the plummet C, they 

<lb></lb>finally make it ceaſe to move, although the impediment of the air 

<lb></lb>might be removed.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg410"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The vibrations 

<lb></lb>of the ſame<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> pen­

<lb></lb>dulum <emph type="italics"></emph>are made 

<lb></lb>with the ſame fre­

<lb></lb>quency, whether 

<lb></lb>they be ſmall or 

<lb></lb>great.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg411"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The cauſe which 

<lb></lb>impedeth the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> pen­

<lb></lb>dulum, <emph type="italics"></emph>and redu­

<lb></lb>ceth it to reſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg412"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The thread or 

<lb></lb>chain to which a<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>pendulum <emph type="italics"></emph>is faſt­

<lb></lb>ned, maketh an 

<lb></lb>arch, and doth not 

<lb></lb>ſtretch it ſelfe 

<lb></lb>ſtreight out in its 

<lb></lb>vibrations.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The books are now come; here take them <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and find the place you are in doubt of.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. See, here it is where he beginneth to argue againſt the 

<lb></lb>diurnal motion of the Earth, he having firſt confuted the annual. 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Motus terræ annuus aſſerrere<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Copernicanos <emph type="italics"></emph>cogit converſionem e­

<lb></lb>juſdem quotidianam; alias idem terræ Hemiſphærium continenter 

<lb></lb>ad Solem eſſet converſum obumbrato ſemper averſo. [In Engliſh 

<lb></lb>thus:]<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> The annual motion of the Earth doth compell the <emph type="italics"></emph>Co­

<lb></lb>pernicans<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to aſſert the daily converſion thereof; otherwiſe the 

<lb></lb>ſame Hemiſphere of the Earth would be continually turned to­

<lb></lb>wards the Sun, the ſhady ſide being always averſe. </s><s>And ſo one 

<lb></lb>half of the Earth would never come to ſee the Sun.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I find at the very ſirſt ſight, that this man hath not rightly 

<lb></lb>apprehended the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican Hypotheſis,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for if he had but taken 

<lb></lb>notice how he alwayes makes the Axis of the terreſtrial Globe 

<lb></lb>perpetually parallel to it ſelf, he would not have ſaid, that one 

<lb></lb>half of the Earth would never ſee the Sun, but that the year 

<lb></lb>would be one entire natural day, that is, that thorow all parts of 

<lb></lb>the Earth there would be ſix moneths day, and ſix moneths night, 

<lb></lb>as it now befalleth to the inhabitants under the Pole, but let 

<lb></lb>this miſtake be forgiven him, and let us come to what remai­

<lb></lb>neth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It followeth, <emph type="italics"></emph>Hanc autem gyrationem Terræ im­

<lb></lb>poſſibilem eſſe ſic demonſtramus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Which ſpeaks in Engliſh thus: 

<lb></lb>That this gyration of the Earth is impoſſible we thus demonſtrate. 

<lb></lb></s><s>That which enſueth is the declaration of the following figure, 

<lb></lb>wherein is delineated many deſcending grave bodies, and aſcend­

<lb></lb>ing light bodies, and birds that fly too and again in the air, &amp;c.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Let us ſee them, I pray you. </s><s>Oh! what fine figures, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/216.jpg" pagenum="208"></pb>what birds, what balls, and what other pretty things are here?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Theſe are balls which come from the concave of the 

<lb></lb>Moon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And what is this?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This is a kind of Shell-fiſh, which here at <emph type="italics"></emph>Venice<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> they 

<lb></lb>call <emph type="italics"></emph>buovoli<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and this alſo came from the Moons concave.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Indeed, it ſeems then, that the Moon hath a great pow­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg413"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>er over theſe Oyſter-fiſhes, which we call ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>armed ſiſbes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg413"></margin.target>* Peſci armai, <emph type="italics"></emph>or<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>armati.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>And this is that calculation, which I mentioned, of this 

<lb></lb>Journey in a natural day, in an hour, in a firſt minute, and in a 

<lb></lb>ſecond, which a point of the Earth would make placed under the 

<lb></lb>Equinoctial, and alſo in the parallel of 48 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And then followeth 

<lb></lb>this, which I doubted I had committed ſome miſtake in reciting, 

<lb></lb>therefore let us read it. <emph type="italics"></emph>His poſitis, neceſſe est, terra circulariter 

<lb></lb>mota, omnia ex aëre eidem, &amp;c. </s><s>Quod ſi haſce pilas æquales po­

<lb></lb>nemus pondere, magnitudine, gravitate, &amp; in concavo Sphæræ Lu­

<lb></lb>naris poſitas libero deſcenſui permittamus, ſi motum deorſum æque­

<lb></lb>mus celeritate motui circum, (quod tamen ſecus eſt, cum pila A, 

<lb></lb>&amp;c.) elabentur minimum (ut multum cedamus adverſariis) dies 

<lb></lb>ſex: quo tempore ſexies circa terram, &amp;c. [In Engliſb thus.]<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Theſe things being ſuppoſed, it is neceſſary, the Earth being cir­

<lb></lb>cularly moved, that all things from the air to the ſame, &amp;c. </s><s>So 

<lb></lb>that if we ſuppoſe theſe balls to be equal in magnitude and gra­

<lb></lb>vity, and being placed in the concave of the Lunar Sphere, we 

<lb></lb>permit them a free deſcent, and if we make the motion down­

<lb></lb>wards equal in velocity to the motion about, (which nevertheleſs 

<lb></lb>is otherwiſe, if the ball A, &amp;c.) they ſhall be falling at leaſt (that 

<lb></lb>we may grant much to our adverſaries) ſix dayes; in which time 

<lb></lb>they ſhall be turned ſix times about the Earth, &amp;c.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You have but too faithfully cited the argument of this 

<lb></lb>perſon. </s><s>From hence you may collect <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with what cau­

<lb></lb>tion they ought to proceed, who would give themſelves up to be­

<lb></lb>lieve others in thoſe things, which perhaps they do not believe 

<lb></lb>themſelves. </s><s>For me thinks it a thing impoſſible, but that this Au­

<lb></lb>thor was adviſed, that he did deſign to himſelf a circle, whoſe dia­

<lb></lb>meter (which amongſt Mathematicians, is leſſe than one third part 

<lb></lb>of the circumference) is above 72 times bigger than it ſelf: an 

<lb></lb>errour that affirmeth that to be conſiderably more than 200, 

<lb></lb>which is leſſe than one.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It may be, that theſe Mathematical proportions, which 

<lb></lb>are true in abſtract, being once applied in concrete to Phyſical and 

<lb></lb>Elementary circles, do not ſo exactly agree: And yet, I think, 

<lb></lb>that the Cooper, to find the ſemidiameter of the bottom, which he 

<lb></lb>is to fit to the Cask, doth make uſe of the rule of Mathematicians 

<lb></lb>in abſtract, although ſuch bottomes be things meerly material, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/217.jpg" pagenum="209"></pb>and concrete: therefore let <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> plead in excuſe of this 

<lb></lb>Author; and whether he chinks that the Phyſicks can differ ſo 

<lb></lb>very much from the Mathematicks.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The ſubſtractions are in my opinion inſufficient to ſalve 

<lb></lb>this difference, which is ſo extreamly too great to be reconciled: 

<lb></lb>and in this caſe I have no more to ſay but that, <emph type="italics"></emph>Quandoque bonus 

<lb></lb>dormitet Homerus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> But ſuppoſing the calculation of ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg414"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>to be more exact, and that the time of the deſcent of the ball 

<lb></lb>were no more than three hours; yet me thinks, that coming from 

<lb></lb>the concave of the Moon, which is ſo great a diſtance off, it would 

<lb></lb>be an admirable thing, that it ſhould have an inſtinct of maintain­

<lb></lb>ing it ſelf all the way over the ſelf-ſame point of the Earth, over 

<lb></lb>which it did hang in its departure thence and not rather be left a 

<lb></lb>very great way behind.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg414"></margin.target>* Not <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagre­

<lb></lb>dus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as the Latine 

<lb></lb>ha hit.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The effect may be admirable, and not admirable, but 

<lb></lb>natural and ordinary, according as the things precedent may fall 

<lb></lb>out. </s><s>For if the ball (according to the Authors ſuppoſitions) 

<lb></lb>whilſt it ſtaid in the concave of the Moon, had the circular motion 

<lb></lb>of twenty four hours together with the Earth, and with the reſt of 

<lb></lb>the things contained within the ſaid Concave; that very vertue 

<lb></lb>which made it turn round before its deſcent, will continue it in 

<lb></lb>the ſame motion in its deſcending. </s><s>And ſo far it is from not keep­

<lb></lb>ing pace with the motion of the Earth, and from ſtaying behind, 

<lb></lb>that it is more likely to out-go it; being that in its approaches to 

<lb></lb>the Earth, the motion of gyration is to be made with circles con­

<lb></lb>tinually leſſer and leſſer; ſo that the ball retaining in it ſelf that 

<lb></lb>ſelf-ſame velocity which it had in the concave, it ought to antici­

<lb></lb>pate, as I have ſaid, the <emph type="italics"></emph>vertigo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or converſion of the Earth. </s><s>But 

<lb></lb>if the ball in the concave did want that circulation, it is not obli­

<lb></lb>ged in deſcending to maintain it ſelf perpendicularly over that 

<lb></lb>point of the Earth, which was juſt under it when the deſcent be­

<lb></lb>gan. </s><s>Nor will <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or any of his followers affirm the 

<lb></lb>ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But the Author maketh an objection, as you ſee, de­

<lb></lb>manding on what principle this circular motion of grave and light 

<lb></lb>bodies, doth depend: that is, whether upon an internal or an ex­

<lb></lb>ternal principle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Keeping to the Probleme of which we ſpeak, I ſay, 

<lb></lb>that that very principle which made the ball turn round, whil&#039;ſt it 

<lb></lb>was in the Lunar concave, is the ſame that maintaineth alſo the 

<lb></lb>circulation in the deſcent: yet I leave the Author at liberty to 

<lb></lb>make it internal or external at his pleaſure.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The Author proveth, that it can neither be inward nor 

<lb></lb>outward.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And I will ſay then, that the ball in the concave did 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/218.jpg" pagenum="210"></pb>not move, and ſo he ſhall not be bound to ſhew how that in deſ­

<lb></lb>cending it continueth all the way vertically over one point, for 

<lb></lb>that it will not do any ſuch thing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Very well; But if grave bodies, and light can have no 

<lb></lb>principle, either internal or external of moving circularly, than 

<lb></lb>neither can the terreſtrial Globe move with a circular motion: and 

<lb></lb>thus you have the intent of the Author.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I did not ſay, that the Earth had no principle, either 

<lb></lb>interne, or externe to the motion of gyration, but I ſay, that I do 

<lb></lb>not know which of the two it hath; and yet my not knowing it 

<lb></lb>hath not a power to deprive it of the ſame; but if this Author 

<lb></lb>can tell by what principle other mundane bodies are moved round, 

<lb></lb>of whoſe motion there is no doubt; I ſay, that that which ma­

<lb></lb>keth the Earth to move, is a vertue, like to that, by which <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are moved, and wherewith he believes that the ſtarry 

<lb></lb>Sphere it ſelf alſo doth move; and if he will but aſſure me, who is 

<lb></lb>the mover of one of theſe moveables, I will undertake to be able 

<lb></lb>to tell him who maketh the Earth to move. </s><s>Nay more; I will 

<lb></lb>undertake to do the ſame, if he can but tell me, who moveth the 

<lb></lb>parts of the Earth downwards.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The cauſe of this is moſt manifeſt, and every one knows 

<lb></lb>that it is gravity.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You are out, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> you ſhould ſay, that every 

<lb></lb>one knowes, that it is called Gravity: but I do not queſtion you 

<lb></lb>about the name, but the eſſence of the thing, of which eſſence 

<lb></lb>you know not a tittle more than you know the eſſence of the 

<lb></lb>mover of the ſtars in gyration; unleſſe it be the name that hath 

<lb></lb>been put to this, and made familiar, and domeſtical, by the many 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg415"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>experiences which we ſee thereof every hour in the day,: but not 

<lb></lb>as if we really underſtand any more, what principle or vertue that 

<lb></lb>is which moveth a ſtone downwards, than we know who moveth 

<lb></lb>it upwards, when it is ſeparated from the projicient, or who mo­

<lb></lb>veth the Moon round, except (as I have ſaid) onely the name, 

<lb></lb>which more particularly and properly we have aſſigned to the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of deſcent, namely, Gravity; whereas for the cauſe of cir­

<lb></lb>cular motion, in more general termes, we aſſign the <emph type="italics"></emph>Vertue impreſ­

<lb></lb>ſed,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and call the ſame an <emph type="italics"></emph>Intelligence,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> either aſſiſting, or informing; 

<lb></lb>and to infinite other motions we aſcribe Nature for their cauſe.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg415"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>We know no more 

<lb></lb>who moveth grave 

<lb></lb>bodies downwards; 

<lb></lb>than who moveth 

<lb></lb>the Stars round, 

<lb></lb>nor know we any 

<lb></lb>thing of theſe cau­

<lb></lb>ſes, more than the 

<lb></lb>names impoſed on 

<lb></lb>them by us.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It is my opinion, that this Author asketh far leſſe than 

<lb></lb>that, to which you deny to make anſwer; for he doth not ask 

<lb></lb>what is nominally and particularly the principle that moveth 

<lb></lb>grave and light bodies circularly, but whatſoever it be, he deſi­

<lb></lb>reth to know, whether you think it intrinſecal, or extrinſecal: 

<lb></lb>For howbeit, <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I do not know, what kind of thing that gravity 

<lb></lb>is, by which the Earth deſcendeth; yet I know that it is an intern 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/219.jpg" pagenum="211"></pb>principle, ſeeing that if it be not hindered, it moveth ſpontane­

<lb></lb>ouſly: and on the contrary, I know that the principle which mo­

<lb></lb>veth it upwards, is external, although that I do not know, what 

<lb></lb>thing that vertue is, impreſſed on it by the projicient.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Into how many queſtions muſt we excurre, if we would 

<lb></lb>decide all the difficulties, which ſucceſſively have dependance one 

<lb></lb>upon another! You call that an external (and you alſo call it a 

<lb></lb>preternatural and violent) principle, which moveth the grave pro­

<lb></lb>ject upwards; but its poſſible that it may be no leſſe interne and 

<lb></lb>natural, than that which moveth it downwards; it may peradven­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg416"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ture be called external and violent, ſo long as the moveable is joy­

<lb></lb>ned to the projicient; but being ſeparated, what external thing 

<lb></lb>remaineth for a mover of the arrow, or ball? </s><s>In ſumme, it muſt 

<lb></lb>neceſſarliy be granted, that that vertue which carrieth ſuch a move­

<lb></lb>able upwards, is no leſſe interne, than that which moveth it down­

<lb></lb>wards; and I think the motion of grave bodies aſcending by the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> conceived, to be altogether as natural, as the motion of 

<lb></lb>deſcent depending on gravity.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg416"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The vertue which 

<lb></lb>carrieth grave pro­

<lb></lb>jects upwards, is 

<lb></lb>no leſſe natural to 

<lb></lb>them, than the 

<lb></lb>gravity which mo­

<lb></lb>veth them down­

<lb></lb>wards.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will never grant this; for the motion of deſcent hath 

<lb></lb>its principle internal, natural, and perpetual, and the motion of 

<lb></lb>aſcent hath its principle externe, violent, and finite.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If you refuſe to grant me, that the principles of the 

<lb></lb>motions of grave bodies downwards and upwards, are equally in­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg417"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ternal and natural; what would you do, if I ſhould ſay, that they 

<lb></lb>may alſo be the ſame in number?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg417"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Contrary prin­

<lb></lb>ciples cannot natu­

<lb></lb>rally reſide in the 

<lb></lb>ſame ſubject.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I leave it to you to judge.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But I deſire you your ſelf to be the Judge: Therefore 

<lb></lb>tell me, Do you believe that in the ſame natural body, there may 

<lb></lb>reſide interne principles, that are contrary to one another?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I do verily believe there cannot.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>What do you think to be the natural inclination of 

<lb></lb>Earth, of Lead, of Gold, and in ſum, of the moſt ponderous mat­

<lb></lb>ters; that is, to what motion do you believe that their interne 

<lb></lb>principle draweth them?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>To that towards the centre of things grave, that is, to 

<lb></lb>the centre of the Univerſe, and of the Earth, whither, if they be 

<lb></lb>not hindered, it will carry them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that, if the Terreſtrial Globe were bored thorow, 

<lb></lb>and a Well made that ſhould paſſe through the centre of it, a 

<lb></lb>Cannon bullet being let fall into the ſame, as being moved by a 

<lb></lb>natural and intrinſick principle, would paſſe to the centre; and it 

<lb></lb>would make all this motion ſpontaneouſly, and by intrinſick prin­

<lb></lb>ciple, is it not ſo?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>So I verily believe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But when it is arrived at the centre, do you think that 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/220.jpg" pagenum="212"></pb>it will paſſe any further, or elſe that there it would immediately 

<lb></lb>ſtand ſtill, and move no further?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe that it would continue to move a great way 

<lb></lb>further.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But this motion beyond the centre, would it not be up­

<lb></lb>wards, and according to your aſſertion preternatural, and violent? 

<lb></lb></s><s>And yet on what other principle do you make it to depend, but 

<lb></lb>only upon the ſelf ſame, which did carry the ball to the centre, 

<lb></lb>and which you called intrinſecal, and natural? </s><s>Finde, if you can, 

<lb></lb>another external projicient, that overtaketh it again to drive it 

<lb></lb>upwards. </s><s>And this that hath been ſaid of the motion thorow 

<lb></lb>the centre, is alſo ſeen by us here above; for the interne <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg418"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of a grave body falling along a declining ſuperficies, if the ſaid 

<lb></lb>ſuperficies be reflected the other way, it ſhall carry it, without a 

<lb></lb>jot interrupting the motion, alſo upwards. </s><s>A ball of lead that 

<lb></lb>hangeth by a thread, being removed from its perpendicularity, de­

<lb></lb>ſcendeth ſpontaneouſly, as being drawn by its internal inclination, 

<lb></lb>and without any interpoſure of reſt, paſſeth beyond the loweſt 

<lb></lb>point of perpendicularity: and without any additional mover, 

<lb></lb>moveth upwards. </s><s>I know that you will not deny, but that the 

<lb></lb>principle of grave bodies that moveth them downwards, is no leſs 

<lb></lb>natural, and intrinſecal, than that principle of light bodies, which 

<lb></lb>moveth them upwards: ſo that I propoſe to your conſideration a 

<lb></lb>ball of lead, which deſcending through the Air from a great al­

<lb></lb>titude, and ſo moving by an intern principle, and comming to a 

<lb></lb>depth of water, continueth its deſcent, and without any other ex­

<lb></lb>terne mover, ſubmergeth a great way; and yet the motion of 

<lb></lb>deſcent in the water is preternatural unto it; but yet nevertheleſs 

<lb></lb>dependeth on a principle that is internal, and not external to the 

<lb></lb>ball. </s><s>You ſee it demonſtrated then, that a moveable may be 

<lb></lb>moved by one and the ſame internal principle, with contrary mo­

<lb></lb>tions.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg418"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The natural mo­

<lb></lb>tion changeth it 

<lb></lb>ſelfe into that 

<lb></lb>which is called pre­

<lb></lb>ternatural and vi­

<lb></lb>olent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe there are ſolutions to all theſe objections, 

<lb></lb>though for the preſent I do not remember them; but however it 

<lb></lb>be, the Author continueth to demand, on what principle this cir­

<lb></lb>cular motion of grave and light bodies dependeth; that is, whe­

<lb></lb>ther on a principle internal, or external; and proceeding for­

<lb></lb>wards, ſheweth, that it can be neither on the one, nor on the other, 

<lb></lb>ſaying; <emph type="italics"></emph>Si ab externo; Deuſne illum excitat per continuum mira­

<lb></lb>culum? </s><s>an verò Angelus, an aër? </s><s>Et hunc quidem multi aſſig­

<lb></lb>nant. </s><s>Sed contra----[In Engliſh thus]<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> If from an externe prin­

<lb></lb>ciple; Whether God doth not excite it by a continued Miracle? 

<lb></lb></s><s>or an Angel, or the Air? </s><s>And indeed many do aſſign this. </s><s>But 

<lb></lb>on the contrary-----.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Trouble not your ſelf to read his argument; for I am 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/221.jpg" pagenum="213"></pb>none of thoſe who aſcribe that principle to the ambient air. </s><s>As 

<lb></lb>to the Miracle, or an Angel, I ſhould rather incline to this ſide; for 

<lb></lb>that which taketh beginning from a Divine Miracle, or from an 

<lb></lb>Angelical operation; as for inſtance, the tranſportation of a Can­

<lb></lb>non ball or bullet into the concave of the Moon, doth in all pro­

<lb></lb>bability depend on the vertue of the ſame principle for perform­

<lb></lb>ing the reſt. </s><s>But, as to the Air, it ſerveth my turn, that it doth 

<lb></lb>not hinder the circular motion of the moveables, which we did 

<lb></lb>ſuppoſe to move thorow it. </s><s>And to prove that, it ſufficeth (nor is 

<lb></lb>more required) that it moveth with the ſame motion, and finiſh­

<lb></lb>eth its circulations with the ſame velocity, that the Terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe doth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>And he likewiſe makes his oppoſition to this alſo; 

<lb></lb>demanding who carrieth the air about, Nature, or Violence? 

<lb></lb></s><s>And proveth, that it cannot be Nature, alledging that that is con­

<lb></lb>trary to truth, experience, and to <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is not contrary to <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in the leaſt, who writeth 

<lb></lb>no ſuch thing; and this Author aſcribes theſe things to him with 

<lb></lb>two exceſſive courteſie. </s><s>It&#039;s true, he ſaith, and for my part I 

<lb></lb>think he ſaith well, that the part of the air neer to the Earth, be­

<lb></lb>ing rather a terreſtrial evaporation, may have the ſame nature, 

<lb></lb>and naturally follow its motion; or, as being contiguous to it, 

<lb></lb>may follow it in the ſame manner, as the Peripateticks ſay, that 

<lb></lb>the ſuperiour part of it, and the Element of fire, follow the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the Lunar Concave, ſo that it lyeth upon them to declare, 

<lb></lb>whether that motion be natural, or violent.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The Author will reply, that if <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> maketh only 

<lb></lb>the inferiour part of the Air to move, and ſuppoſeth the upper 

<lb></lb>part thereof to want the ſaid motion, he cannot give a reaſon, how 

<lb></lb>that quiet air can be able to carry thoſe grave bodies along with 

<lb></lb>it, and make them keep pace with the motion of the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will ſay, that this natural propenſion of the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg419"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>elementary bodies to ſollow the motion of the Earth, hath a li­

<lb></lb>mited Sphere, out of which ſuch a natural inclination would ceaſe; 

<lb></lb>beſides that, as I have ſaid, the Air is not that which carrieth the 

<lb></lb>moveables along with it; which being ſeparated from the Earth, 

<lb></lb>do follow its motion; ſo that all the objections come to nothing, 

<lb></lb>which this Author produceth to prove, that the Air cannot cauſe 

<lb></lb>ſuch effects.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg419"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The propenſion 

<lb></lb>of elementary bo­

<lb></lb>dies to follow the 

<lb></lb>Earth, hath a li­

<lb></lb>mited Sphere of 

<lb></lb>activity.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>To ſhew therefore, that that cannot be, it will be neceſ­

<lb></lb>ſary to ſay, that ſuch like effects depend on an interne principle, 

<lb></lb>againſt which poſition, <emph type="italics"></emph>oboriuntur difficillimæ, immò inextricabiles 

<lb></lb>quæſtiones ſecundæ,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of which ſort are theſe that follow. <emph type="italics"></emph>Princi­

<lb></lb>pium illud internum vel eſt accidens, vel ſubſtantia. </s><s>Si primum; 

<lb></lb>quale nam illud? </s><s>nam qualitas locomotiva circum, hactenus nulla<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/222.jpg" pagenum="214"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>videtur agnita. (In Engliſh thus:)<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Contrary to which poſition 

<lb></lb>there do ariſe moſt difficult, yea inextricable ſecond queſtions, 

<lb></lb>ſuch as theſe; That intern principle is either an accident, or a 

<lb></lb>ſubſtance. </s><s>If the firſt; what manner of accident is it? </s><s>For a 

<lb></lb>locomotive quality about the centre, ſeemeth to be hitherto ac­

<lb></lb>knowledged by none.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. How, is there no ſuch thing acknowledged? </s><s>Is it not 

<lb></lb>known to us, that all theſe elementary matters move round, to­

<lb></lb>gether with the Earth? </s><s>You ſee how this Author ſuppoſeth for 

<lb></lb>true, that which is in queſtion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>He ſaith, that we do not ſee the ſame; and me thinks, 

<lb></lb>he hath therein reaſon on his ſide.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We ſee it not, becauſe we turn round together with 

<lb></lb>them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Hear his other Argument. <emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ etiam ſi eſſet, quo­

<lb></lb>modo tamen inveniretur in rebus tam contrariis? </s><s>in igne, ut in a­

<lb></lb>quâ; in aëre, ut in terra; in viventibus, ut in anima carentibus? 

<lb></lb>[in Engliſh thus:]<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Which although it were, yet how could it be 

<lb></lb>found in things ſo contrary? </s><s>in the fire, as in the water? </s><s>in the 

<lb></lb>air, as in the earth? </s><s>in living creatures, as in things wanting 

<lb></lb>life?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Suppoſing for this time, that water and fire are contra­

<lb></lb>ries; as alſo the air and earth; (of which yet much may be ſaid) 

<lb></lb>the moſt that could follow from thence would be, that thoſe mo­

<lb></lb>tions cannot be common to them, that are contrary to one ano­

<lb></lb>ther: ſo that <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the motion upwards, which naturally agreeth 

<lb></lb>to fire, cannot agree to water; but that, like as it is by nature con­

<lb></lb>trary to fire: ſo to it that motion ſuiteth, which is contrary to the 

<lb></lb>motion of fire, which ſhall be the motion <emph type="italics"></emph>deorſùm<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; but the cir­

<lb></lb>cular motion, which is not contrary either to the motion <emph type="italics"></emph>ſurſùm,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>or to the motion <emph type="italics"></emph>deorſùm,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but may mix with both, as <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>himſelf affirmeth, why may it not equally ſuit with grave bodies 

<lb></lb>and with light? </s><s>The motions in the next place, which cannot be 

<lb></lb>common to things alive, and dead, are thoſe which depend on the 

<lb></lb>ſoul: but thoſe which belong to the body, in as much as it is ele­

<lb></lb>mentary, and conſequently participateth of the qualities of the e­

<lb></lb>lements, why may not they be common as well to the dead corps, 

<lb></lb>as to the living body? </s><s>And therefore, if the circular motion be 

<lb></lb>proper to the elements, it ought to be common to the mixt bodies 

<lb></lb>alſo.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It muſt needs be, that this Author holdeth, that a dead 

<lb></lb>cat, falling from a window, it is not poſſible that a live cat alſo 

<lb></lb>could fall; it not being a thing convenient, that a carcaſe ſhould 

<lb></lb>partake of the qualities which ſuit with things alive.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore the diſcourſe of this Author concludeth 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/223.jpg" pagenum="215"></pb>nothing againſt one that ſhould affirm, that the principle of the cir­

<lb></lb>cular motions of grave and light bodies is an intern accident: I 

<lb></lb>know not how he may prove, that it cannot be a ſubſtance.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>He brings many Arguments againſt this. </s><s>The firſt of 

<lb></lb>which is in theſe words: <emph type="italics"></emph>Si ſecundum (nempè, ſi dieas tale princi­

<lb></lb>pium eſſe ſubſtantiam) illud eſt aut materia, aut forma, aut compo­

<lb></lb>ſitum. </s><s>Sed repugnant iterum tot diverſæ rerum naturæ, quales 

<lb></lb>ſunt aves, limaces, ſaxa, ſagittæ, nives, fumi, grandines, piſces, 

<lb></lb>&amp;c. </s><s>quæ tamen omnia ſpecie &amp; genere differentia, moverentur à 

<lb></lb>naturâ ſuâ circulariter, ipſa naturis diverſiſſima, &amp;c. [In Engliſh 

<lb></lb>thus]<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> If the ſecond, (that is, if you ſhall ſay that this principle is 

<lb></lb>a ſubſtance) it is either matter, or form, or a compound of both. 

<lb></lb></s><s>But ſuch diverſe natures of things are again repugnant, ſuch as are 

<lb></lb>birds, ſnails, ſtones, darts, ſnows, ſmoaks, hails, fiſhes, &amp;c. </s><s>all 

<lb></lb>which notwithſtanding their differences in ſpecies and kind, are 

<lb></lb>moved of their own nature circularly, they being of their natures 

<lb></lb>moſt different, &amp;c.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If theſe things before named are of diverſe natures, and 

<lb></lb>things of diverſe natures cannot have a motion in common, it muſt 

<lb></lb>follow, if you would give ſatisfaction to all, that you are to think 

<lb></lb>of, more than two motions onely of upwards and downwards: and 

<lb></lb>if there muſt be one for the arrows, another for the ſnails, another 

<lb></lb>for the ſtones, and another for fiſhes; then are you to bethink your 

<lb></lb>ſelf of worms, topazes and muſhrums, which are not leſs different 

<lb></lb>in nature from one another, than ſnow and hail.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It ſeems that you make a jeſt of theſe Arguments.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>No indeed, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but it hath been already an­

<lb></lb>ſwered above, to wit, that if one motion, whether downwards or 

<lb></lb>upwards, can agree with all thoſe things afore named, a circular 

<lb></lb>motion may no leſs agree with them: and as you are a <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripate­

<lb></lb>tick,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> do not you put a greater difference between an elementary 

<lb></lb>comet and a celeftial ſtar, than between a fiſh and a bird? </s><s>and 

<lb></lb>yet both thoſe move circularly. </s><s>Now propoſe your ſecond Ar­

<lb></lb>gument.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"></emph>Si terra ſtaret per voluntatem Dei, rotaréntne cætera, an 

<lb></lb>non? </s><s>ſi hoc, falſum eſt à naturâ gyrare; ſi illud, redeunt priores 

<lb></lb>quæſtiones. </s><s>Et ſanè mirum eſſet, quòd Gavia piſciculo, Alauda 

<lb></lb>nidulo ſuo, &amp; corvus limaci, petraque, etiam volans, imminere 

<lb></lb>non poſſet. [Which I thus render<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>:] If the Earth be ſuppoſed to 

<lb></lb>ſtand ſtill by the will of God, ſhould the reſt of bodies turn round 

<lb></lb>or no? </s><s>If not, then it&#039;s falſe that they are revolved by nature; if 

<lb></lb>the other, the former queſtions will return upon us. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>truly it would be ſtrange that the Sea-pie ſhould not be able to 

<lb></lb>hover over the ſmall fiſh, the Lark over her neſt, and the Crow o­

<lb></lb>ver the ſnail and rock, though flying.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/224.jpg" pagenum="216"></pb><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I would anſwer for my ſelf in general terms, that if 

<lb></lb>it were appointed by the will of God, that the Earth ſhould ceaſe 

<lb></lb>from its diurnal revolution, thoſe birds would do what ever ſhould 

<lb></lb>pleaſe the ſame Divine will. </s><s>But if this Author deſire a more 

<lb></lb>particular anſwer, I ſhould tell him, that they would do quite con­

<lb></lb>trary to what they do now, if whilſt they, being ſeparated from 

<lb></lb>the Earth, do bear themſelves up in the air, the Terreſtrial Globe 

<lb></lb>by the will of God, ſhould all on a ſudden be put upon a precipi­

<lb></lb>tate motion; it concerneth this Author now to aſcertain us what 

<lb></lb>would in this caſe ſucceed.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I pray you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> at my requeſt to grant to this 

<lb></lb>Author, that the Earth ſtanding ſtill by the will of God, the other 

<lb></lb>things, ſeparated from it, would continue to turn round of their 

<lb></lb>own natural motion, and let us hear what impoſſibilities or incon­

<lb></lb>veniences would follow: for I, as to my own particular, do not 

<lb></lb>ſee how there can be greater diſorders, than theſe produced by the 

<lb></lb>Author himſelf, that is, that Larks, though they ſhould flie, could 

<lb></lb>not be able to hover over their neſts, nor Crows over ſnails, or 

<lb></lb>rocks: from whence would follow, that Crows muſt ſuffer for 

<lb></lb>want of ſnails, and young Larks muſt die of hunger, and cold, not 

<lb></lb>being able to be fed or ſheltered by the wings of the old ones. 

<lb></lb></s><s>This is all the ruine that I can conceive would follow, ſuppoſing 

<lb></lb>the Authors ſpeech to be true. </s><s>Do you ſee, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if grea­

<lb></lb>ter inconveniences would happen?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I know not how to diſcover greater; but it is very cre­

<lb></lb>dible, that the Author beſides theſe, diſcovered other diſorders in 

<lb></lb>Nature, which perhaps in reverend reſpect of her, he was not will­

<lb></lb>ing to inſtance in. </s><s>Therefore let us proceed to the third Obje­

<lb></lb>ction. <emph type="italics"></emph>Inſuper quî fit, ut istæ res tam variæ tantùm moveantur 

<lb></lb>ab Occaſu in Ortum, parallelæ ad Æquatorem? </s><s>ut ſemper movean­

<lb></lb>tur, nunquam quieſcant? [which ſpeaks to this ſenſe:]<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Moreover, 

<lb></lb>how comes it to paſs that theſe things, ſo diverſe, are onely moved 

<lb></lb>from the Weſt towards the Eaſt, parallel to the Æquinoctial? 

<lb></lb></s><s>that they always move, and never reſt?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>They move from Weſt to Eaſt parallel to the Æqui­

<lb></lb>noctial without ceaſing, in the ſame manner as you believe the 

<lb></lb>fixed ſtars to move from Eaſt to Weſt, parallel to the Æquinocti­

<lb></lb>al, without ever reſting.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"></emph>Quarè, quò ſunt altiores, celeriùs; quò humiliores, tar­

<lb></lb>diùs? (i. </s><s>e.)<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Why are the higher the ſwifter, and the lower the 

<lb></lb>ſlower?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Becauſe that in a Sphere or circle, that turns about up­

<lb></lb>on its own centre, the remoter parts deſcribe greater circuits, and 

<lb></lb>the parts nearer at hand deſcribe leſſer in the ſame time.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"></emph>Quare, quæ Æquinoctiali propriores, in majori; quæ<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/225.jpg" pagenum="217"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>remotiores, in minori circulo feruntur? [ſcilicet:]<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Why are 

<lb></lb>thoſe near the Æquinoctial carried about in a greater circle, and 

<lb></lb>thoſe which are remote in a leſſer?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>To imitate the ſtarry Sphere, in which thoſe neareſt 

<lb></lb>to the Æquinoctial, move in greater circles, than the more re­

<lb></lb>mote.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"></emph>Quarè Pila eadem ſub Æquinoctiali tota circa centrum 

<lb></lb>terr æ, ambitu maximo, celeritate incredibili; ſub Polo verò circa 

<lb></lb>centrum proprium, gyro nullo, tarditate ſupremâ volveretur? 

<lb></lb>[That is:]<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Why is the ſame ball under the Æquinoctial wholly 

<lb></lb>turned round the centre of the Earth in the greateſt circumfe­

<lb></lb>rence, with an incredible celerity; but under the Pole about its 

<lb></lb>own centre, in no circuite, but with the ultimate degree of tar­

<lb></lb>dity?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>To imitate the ſtars of the Firmament, that would do 

<lb></lb>the like if they had the diurnal motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"></emph>Quare eadem res, pila v. </s><s>g. </s><s>plumbea, ſi ſemel terram 

<lb></lb>circuivit, deſcripto circulo maximo, eandem ubique non circum­

<lb></lb>migret ſecundùm circulum maximum, ſed tranſlata extra Æquino­

<lb></lb>ctialem in circulis minoribus agetur? [Which ſpeaketh thus:]<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Why doth not the ſame thing, as for example, a ball of lead 

<lb></lb>turn round every where according to the ſame great circle, if once 

<lb></lb>deſcribing a great circle, it hath incompaſſed the Earth, but being 

<lb></lb>removed from the Æquinoctial, doth move in leſſer circles?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Becauſe ſo would, nay, according to the doctrine of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomey,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſo have ſome fixed ſtars done, which once were very 

<lb></lb>near the Æquinoctial, and deſcribed very vaſt circles, and now that 

<lb></lb>they are farther off, deſcribe leſſer.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If I could now but keep in mind all theſe fine no­

<lb></lb>tions, I ſhould think that I had made a great purchaſe; I muſt 

<lb></lb>needs intreat you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to lend me this Book, for there can­

<lb></lb>not chuſe but be a ſea of rare and ingenious matters contained in 

<lb></lb>it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will preſent you with it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Not ſo, Sir; I would not deprive you of it: but are 

<lb></lb>the Queries yet at an end?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>No Sir; hearken therefore. <emph type="italics"></emph>Si latio circularis gra­

<lb></lb>vibus &amp; levibus eſt naturalis, qualis eſt ea quæ fit ſecundùm line­

<lb></lb>am rectam? </s><s>Nam ſi naturalis, quomodo &amp; is motus qui circum est, 

<lb></lb>naturalis eſt, cùm ſpecie differat à recto? </s><s>Si violentus, quî fit, ut 

<lb></lb>miſſile ignitum ſurſùm evolans ſcintilloſum caput ſurſùm à terrâ, 

<lb></lb>non autem circum volvatur, &amp;c. [Which take in our idiom:]<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> If 

<lb></lb>a circular lation is natural to heavy and light things, what is that 

<lb></lb>which is made according to a right line? </s><s>For if it be natural, how 

<lb></lb>then is that motion which is about the centre natural, ſeeing it 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/226.jpg" pagenum="218"></pb>differs in ſpecies from a right motion? </s><s>If it be violent, how is it 

<lb></lb>that a fiery dart flying upwards, ſparkling over our heads at a di­

<lb></lb>ſtance from the Earth, but not turning about, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg420"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg420"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Of the mixt mo­

<lb></lb>tion we ſee not the 

<lb></lb>part that is circu­

<lb></lb>lar, becauſe we 

<lb></lb>partake thereof.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It hath been ſaid already very often, that the circular 

<lb></lb>motion is natural to the whole, and to its parts, whilſt they are in 

<lb></lb>perfect diſpoſure, and the right is to reduce to order the parts 

<lb></lb>diſordered; though indeed it is better to ſay, that neither the 

<lb></lb>parts ordered or diſordered ever move with a right motion, but 

<lb></lb>with one mixed, which might as well be averred meerly circular: 

<lb></lb>but to us but one part onely of this motion is viſible and obſer­

<lb></lb>vable, that is, the part of the right, the other part of the circular 

<lb></lb>being imperceptible to us, becauſe we partake thereof. </s><s>And this 

<lb></lb>anſwers to the rays which move upwards, and round about, but we 

<lb></lb>cannot diſtinguiſh their circular motion, for that, with that we our 

<lb></lb>ſelves move alſo. </s><s>But I believe that this Author never thought 

<lb></lb>of this mixture; for you may ſee that he reſolutely ſaith, that the 

<lb></lb>rays go directly upwards, and not at all in gyration.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"></emph>Quare centrum ſphære delapſæ ſub Æquatore ſpiram de­

<lb></lb>ſcribit in ejus plano: ſub aliis parallelis ſpiram deſcribit in cono? 

<lb></lb></s><s>ſub Polo deſcendit in axe lineam gyralem, decurrens in ſuperficie 

<lb></lb>cylindricâ conſignatam<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? (In Engliſh to this purpoſe:) Why doth 

<lb></lb>the centre of a falling Globe under the Æquinoctial deſcribe a 

<lb></lb>ſpiral line in the plane of the Æquator; and in other parallels 

<lb></lb>a ſpiral about a Cone; and under the Pole deſcend in the 

<lb></lb>axis deſcribing a gyral line, running in a Cylindrical Superſi­

<lb></lb>cies?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Becauſe of the lines drawn from the Centre to the cir­

<lb></lb>cumference of the ſphere, which are thoſe by which <emph type="italics"></emph>graves<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> de­

<lb></lb>fcend, that which terminates in the Æquinoctial deſigneth a cir­

<lb></lb>cle, and thoſe that terminate in other parallels deſcribe conical 

<lb></lb>ſuperficies; now the axis deſcribeth nothing at all, but continueth 

<lb></lb>in its own being. </s><s>And if I may give you my judgment freely, I 

<lb></lb>will ſay, that I cannot draw from all theſe Queries, any ſenſe that 

<lb></lb>interfereth with the motion of the Earth; for if I demand of this 

<lb></lb>Author, (granting him that the Earth doth not move) what would 

<lb></lb>follow in all theſe particulars, ſuppoſing that it do move, as <emph type="italics"></emph>Co­

<lb></lb>pernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will have it; I am very confident, that he would ſay that 

<lb></lb>all theſe effects would happen, that he hath objected, as inconve­

<lb></lb>niences to diſprove its mobility: ſo that in this mans opinion ne­

<lb></lb>ceſſary conſequences are accounted abſurdities: but I beſeech 

<lb></lb>you, if there be any more, diſpatch them, and free us ſpeedily 

<lb></lb>from this weariſom task.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>In this which follows he oppoſes <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> &amp; his Sectators, 

<lb></lb>who affirm, that the motion of the parts ſeparated from their whole, 

<lb></lb>is onely to unite themſelves to their whole; but that the moving 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/227.jpg" pagenum="219"></pb>circularly along with the vertigenous diurnal revolution is abſo­

<lb></lb>lutely natural: againſt which he objecteth, ſaying, that according 

<lb></lb>to theſe mens opinion; <emph type="italics"></emph>Si tota terra, unà cum aquâ in nihilum 

<lb></lb>redigeretur, nulla grando aut pluvia è nube decideret, ſed natu­

<lb></lb>raliter tantùm circumferetur, neque ignis ullus, aut igneum aſcen­

<lb></lb>deret, cùm illorum non improbabili ſententià ignis nullus ſit ſuprà.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>[Which I tranſlate to this ſenſe:] If the whole Earth, together 

<lb></lb>with the Water were reduced into nothing, no hail or rain would 

<lb></lb>fall from the clouds, but would be onely naturally carried round; 

<lb></lb>neither any fire or fiery thing would aſcend, ſeeing to theſe that men 

<lb></lb>it is no improbable opinion that there is no fire above.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The providence of this Philoſopher is admirable, and 

<lb></lb>worthy of great applauſe, for he is not content to provide for 

<lb></lb>things that might happen, the courſe of Nature continuing, but 

<lb></lb>will ſhew hic care in what may follow from thoſe things that he 

<lb></lb>very well knows ſhall never come to paſs. </s><s>I will grant him there­

<lb></lb>fore, (that I may get ſom pretty paſſages out of him) that if the 

<lb></lb>Earth and Water ſhould be reduced to nothing, there would be no 

<lb></lb>more hails or rains, nor would igneal matters aſcend any longer 

<lb></lb>upwards, but would continually turn round: what will follow? 

<lb></lb></s><s>what will the Philoſopher ſay then?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The objection is in the words which immediately fol­

<lb></lb>low; here they are: <emph type="italics"></emph>Quibus tamen experientia &amp; ratio adver­

<lb></lb>ſatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Which nevertheleſs (ſaith he) is contrary to experience and 

<lb></lb>reaſon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now I muſt yield, ſeeing he hath ſo great an advan­

<lb></lb>tage of me as experience, of which I am unprovided. </s><s>For as yet 

<lb></lb>I never had the fortune to ſee the Terreſtrial Globe and the ele­

<lb></lb>ment of Water turn&#039;d to nothing, ſo as to have been able to ob­

<lb></lb>ſerve what the hail and water did in that little Chaos. </s><s>But he 

<lb></lb>perhaps tells us for our inſtruction what they did.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. No, he doth not.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I would give any thing to change a word or two with 

<lb></lb>this perſon, to ask him, whether when this Globe vaniſhed, it car­

<lb></lb>ried away with it the common centre of gravity, as I believe it did; 

<lb></lb>in which caſe, I think that the hail and water would remain inſen­

<lb></lb>ſate and ſtupid amongſt the clouds, without knowing what to do 

<lb></lb>with themſelves. </s><s>It might be alſo, that attracted by that great 

<lb></lb>void <emph type="italics"></emph>Vacuum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> left by the Earths abſenting, all the ambients would 

<lb></lb>be rarified, and particularly, the air, which is extreme eaſily drawn, 

<lb></lb>and would run thither with very great haſte to fill it up. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>perhaps the more ſolid and material bodies, as birds, (for there 

<lb></lb>would in all probability be many of them ſcattered up and down 

<lb></lb>in the air) would retire more towards the centre of the great va­

<lb></lb>cant ſphere; (for it ſeemeth very reaſonable, that ſubſtances that 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/228.jpg" pagenum="220"></pb>under ſmall bulk contain much matter, ſhould have narrower pla­

<lb></lb>ces aſſigned them, leaving the more ſpacious to the more rarified) 

<lb></lb>and there being dead of hunger, and reſolved into Earth, would 

<lb></lb>form a new little Globe, with that little water, which at that time 

<lb></lb>was among the clouds. </s><s>It might be alſo, that thoſe matters as 

<lb></lb>not beholding the light, would not perceive the Earths departure, 

<lb></lb>but like blind things, would deſcend according to their uſual cuſtom 

<lb></lb>to the centre, whither they would now go, if that globe did not 

<lb></lb>hinder them. </s><s>And laſtly, that I may give this Philoſopher a leſs 

<lb></lb>irreſolute anſwer, I do tell him, that I know as much of what 

<lb></lb>would follow upon the annihilation of the Terreſtrial Globe, as 

<lb></lb>he would have done that was to have followed in and about the 

<lb></lb>ſame, before it was created. </s><s>And becauſe I am certain he will 

<lb></lb>ſay, that he would never have been able to have known any of 

<lb></lb>all thoſe things which experience alone hath made him knowing 

<lb></lb>in, he ought not to deny me pardon, and to excuſe me if I know 

<lb></lb>not that which he knows, touching what would enſue upon the 

<lb></lb>annihilation of the ſaid Globe: for that I want that experience 

<lb></lb>which he hath. </s><s>Let us hear if he have any thing elſe to ſay.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There remains this figure, which repreſents the Terre­

<lb></lb>ſtrial Globe with a great cavity about its centre, full of air; and 

<lb></lb>to ſhew that <emph type="italics"></emph>Graves<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> move not downwards to unite with the Ter­

<lb></lb>reſtrial Globe, as <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſaith, he conſtituteth this ſtone in 

<lb></lb>the centre; and demandeth, it being left at liberty, what it would 

<lb></lb>do; and he placeth another in the ſpace of this great vacuum, and 

<lb></lb>asketh the ſame queſtion. </s><s>Saying, as to the firſt: <emph type="italics"></emph>Lapis in centro 

<lb></lb>conſtitutus, aut aſcendet ad terram in punctum aliquod, aut non. </s><s>Si 

<lb></lb>ſecundum; falſum est, partes ob ſolam ſejunctionem à toto, ad il­

<lb></lb>lud moveri. </s><s>Si primum; omnis ratio &amp; experientia renititur, 

<lb></lb>neque gravia in ſuœ gravitatis centro conquieſcent. </s><s>Item ſi ſu­

<lb></lb>ſpenſus lapis, liberatus decidat in centrum, ſeparabit ſe à toto, con­

<lb></lb>tra<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Copernicum<emph type="italics"></emph>: ſi pendeat, refragatur omnis experientia, cùm 

<lb></lb>videamus integros fornices corruere.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (Wherein he ſaith:) The 

<lb></lb>ſtone placed in the centre, either aſcendeth to the Earth in ſome 

<lb></lb>point, or no. </s><s>If the ſecond, it is falſe that the parts ſeparated 

<lb></lb>from the whole, move unto it. </s><s>If the firſt; it contradicteth all 

<lb></lb>reaſon and experience, nor doth the grave body reſt in the centre 

<lb></lb>of its gravity. </s><s>And if the ſtone being ſuſpended in the air, be let 

<lb></lb>go, do deſcend to the centre, it will ſeparate from its whole, con­

<lb></lb>trary to <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if it do hang in the air, it contradicteth all 

<lb></lb>experience: ſince we ſee whole Vaults to fall down.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will anſwer, though with great diſadvantage to my 

<lb></lb>ſelf, ſeeing I have to do with one who hath ſeen by experience, 

<lb></lb>what theſe ſtones do in this great Cave: a thing, which for my 

<lb></lb>part I have not ſeen; and will ſay, that things grave have an exi­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/229.jpg" pagenum="221"></pb>ſtence before the common centre of gravity: ſo that it is not one </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg421"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>centre alone, which is no other than indiviſible point, and therefore 

<lb></lb>of no efficacie, that can attract unto it grave matters; but that thoſe 

<lb></lb>matters conſpiring naturally to unite, form to themſelves a com­

<lb></lb>mon centre, which is that about which parts of equal moment 

<lb></lb>conſiſt: ſo that I hold, that if the great aggregate of grave bo­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg422"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>dies were gathered all into any one place, the ſmall parts that were 

<lb></lb>ſeparated from their whole, would follow the ſame, and if they 

<lb></lb>were not hindered, would penetrate wherever they ſhould find 

<lb></lb>parts leſs grave than themſelves: but coming where they ſhould 

<lb></lb>meet with matters more grave, they would deſcend no farther. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And therefore I hold, that in the Cave full of air, the whole Vault 

<lb></lb>would preſs, and violently reſt it ſelf onely upon that air, in caſe 

<lb></lb>its hardneſs could not be overcome and broken by its gravity; but 

<lb></lb>looſe ſtones, I believe, would deſcend to the centre, and not ſwim 

<lb></lb>above in the air: nor may it be ſaid, that they move not to their 

<lb></lb>whole, though they move whither all the parts of the whole 

<lb></lb>would transfer themſelves, if all impediments were removed.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg421"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Things grave are 

<lb></lb>before the centre of 

<lb></lb>gravity.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg422"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The great maſs 

<lb></lb>of grave bodies be­

<lb></lb>ing transferred out 

<lb></lb>of their place, the 

<lb></lb>ſeparated parts 

<lb></lb>would follow that 

<lb></lb>maß.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>That which remaineth, is a certain Errour which he ob­

<lb></lb>ſerveth in a Diſciple of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who making the Earth to 

<lb></lb>move with an annual motion, and a diurnal, in the ſame manner 

<lb></lb>as the Cart-wheel moveth upon the circle of the Earth, and in it 

<lb></lb>ſelf, did conſtitute the Terreſtrial Globe too great, or the great 

<lb></lb>Orb too little; for that 365 revolutions of the Æquinoctial, are 

<lb></lb>leſs by far than the circumference of the great Orb.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Take notice that you miſtake, and tell us the direct 

<lb></lb>contrary to what muſt needs be written in that Book; for you 

<lb></lb>ſhould ſay, that that ſame <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Author did conſtitute the 

<lb></lb>Terreſtrial Globe too little, and the great Orb too big; and not 

<lb></lb>the Terreſtrial Globe too big, and the annual too little.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The miſtake is not mine; ſee here the words of the 

<lb></lb>Book. <emph type="italics"></emph>Non videt, quòd vel circulum annuum æquo minorem, vel 

<lb></lb>orbem terreum juſto multò fabricet majorem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (In Engliſh thus:) 

<lb></lb>He ſeeth not, that he either maketh the annual circle equal to the 

<lb></lb>leſs, or the Terreſtrial Orb much too big.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I cannot tell whether the firſt Author erred or no, ſince 

<lb></lb>the Author of this Tractate doth not name him; but the error of 

<lb></lb>this Book is certain and unpardonable, whether that follower of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> erred or not erred; for that your Author paſſeth by ſo 

<lb></lb>material an error, without either detecting or correcting it. </s><s>But 

<lb></lb>let him be forgiven this fault, as an error rather of inadvertencie, 

<lb></lb>than of any thing elſe: Farthermore, were it not, that I am al­

<lb></lb>ready wearied and tired with talking and ſpending ſo mnch time 

<lb></lb>with very little profit, in theſe frivolous janglings and alterca­

<lb></lb>tions, I could ſhew, that it is not impoſſible for a circle, though 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/230.jpg" pagenum="222"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg423"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>no bigger than a Cart-wheel, with making not 365, but leſſe than 

<lb></lb>20 revolutions, to deſcribe and meaſure the circumference, not 

<lb></lb>onely of the grand Orb, but of one a thouſand times greater; 

<lb></lb>and this I ſ y to ſhew, that there do not want far greater ſubtil­

<lb></lb>ties, than this wherewith your Author goeth about to detect the 

<lb></lb>errour of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: but I pray you, let us breath a little, that 

<lb></lb>ſo we may proceed to the other Philoſopher, that oppoſeth of the 

<lb></lb>ſame <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg423"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is not impoſſi­

<lb></lb>ble with the cir­

<lb></lb>cumference of a 

<lb></lb>ſmall circle few 

<lb></lb>times revolved to 

<lb></lb>meaſure and de­

<lb></lb>ſcribe a line bigger 

<lb></lb>than any great cir­

<lb></lb>cle what ſoever.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>To confeſſe the truth, I ſtand as much in need of re­

<lb></lb>ſpite as either of you; though I have onely wearied my eares: 

<lb></lb>and were it not that I hope to hear more ingenious things from 

<lb></lb>this other Author, I queſtion whether I ſhould not go my ways, to 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg424"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>take the air in my ^{*} Pleaſure-boat.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg424"></margin.target>Gondola.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe that you will hear things of greater moment; 

<lb></lb>for this is a moſt accompliſhed Philoſopher, and a great Mathema­

<lb></lb>tician, and hath confuted <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in the buſineſſe of the Comets, 

<lb></lb>and new Stars.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg425"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg425"></margin.target>* The name of 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Author<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is <emph type="italics"></emph>Sci­

<lb></lb>pie Claramontius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Perhaps he is the ſame with the Author of the Book, 

<lb></lb>called <emph type="italics"></emph>Anti-Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>He is the very ſame: but the confutation of the new 

<lb></lb>Stars is not in his <emph type="italics"></emph>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> onely ſo far as he proveth, that they 

<lb></lb>were not prejudicial to the inalterability and ingenerability of the 

<lb></lb>Heavens, as I told you before; but after he had publiſhed his 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> having found out, by help of the Parallaxes, a way to 

<lb></lb>demonſtrate, that they alſo are things elementary, and contained 

<lb></lb>within the concave of the Moon, he hath writ this other Book, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>de tribus uovis Stellis, &amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and therein alſo inſerted the Argu­

<lb></lb>ments againſt <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: I have already ſhewn you what he 

<lb></lb>harh written touching theſe new Stars in his <emph type="italics"></emph>Anti-Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> where he 

<lb></lb>denied not, but that they were in the Heavens; but he proved, that 

<lb></lb>their production altered not the inalterability of the Heavens, and 

<lb></lb>that he did, with a Diſcourſe purely philoſophical, in the ſame man 

<lb></lb>ner as you have already heard. </s><s>And I then forgot to tell you, how 

<lb></lb>that he afterwards did finde out a way to remove them out of the 

<lb></lb>Heavens; for he proceeding in this confutation, by way of com­

<lb></lb>putations and parallaxes, matters little or nothing at all under­

<lb></lb>ſtood by me, I did not mention them to you, but have bent all my 

<lb></lb>ſtudies upon theſe arguments againſt the motion of the Earth, 

<lb></lb>which are purely natural.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I underſtand you very well: and it will be convenient 

<lb></lb>after we have heard what he hath to ſay againſt <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that 

<lb></lb>we hear, or ſee at leaſt the manner wherewith he, by way of Pa­

<lb></lb>rallaxes, proveth thoſe new ſtars to be elementary, which ſo many 

<lb></lb>famous Aſtronomers conſtitute to be all very high, and amongſt 

<lb></lb>the ſtars of the Firmament; and as this Author accompliſheth ſuch 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/231.jpg" pagenum="223"></pb>an enterprize of pulling the new ſtars out of heaven, and placing 

<lb></lb>them in the elementary Sphere, he ſhall be worthy to be highly 

<lb></lb>exalted, and transferred himſelf amongſt the ſtars, or at leaſt, 

<lb></lb>that his name be by fame eternized amongſt them. </s><s>Yet before we 

<lb></lb>enter upon this, let us hear what he alledgeth againſt the opinion 

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and do you begin to recite his Arguments.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It will not be neceſſary that we read them <emph type="italics"></emph>ad verbum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>becauſe they are very prolix; but I, as you may ſee, in reading 

<lb></lb>them ſeveral times attentively, have marked in the margine thoſe 

<lb></lb>words, wherein the ſtrength of his arguments lie, and it will 

<lb></lb>ſuffice to read them. </s><s>The ſirſt Argument beginneth here. <emph type="italics"></emph>Et<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg426"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>primo, ſi opinio Copernici recipiatur, Criterium naturalis Philo­

<lb></lb>ſophiæ, ni prorſus tollatur, vehementer ſaltem labefactari 

<lb></lb>videtur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> [In our Idiom thus] And firſt, if <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> his opinion 

<lb></lb>be imbraced, the <emph type="italics"></emph>Criterium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of natural Philoſophy will be, if not 

<lb></lb>wholly ſubverted, yet at leaſt extreamly ſhaken.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg426"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The opinion of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Copernicus <emph type="italics"></emph>over­

<lb></lb>throws the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Crite­

<lb></lb>rium <emph type="italics"></emph>of Philoſophy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>Which, according to the opinion of all the ſects of Philoſophers 

<lb></lb>requireth, that Senſe and Experience be our guides in philoſopha­

<lb></lb>ting: But in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> poſition the Senſes are greatly delu­

<lb></lb>ded, whil&#039;ſt that they viſibly diſcover neer at hand in a pure <emph type="italics"></emph>Medi­

<lb></lb>um,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the graveſt bodies to deſcend perpendicularly downwards, ne­

<lb></lb>ver deviating a ſingle hairs breadth from rectitude; and yet accor­

<lb></lb>ding to the opinion of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the ſight in ſo manifeſt a thing 

<lb></lb>is deceived, and that motion is not reall ſtraight, but mixt of 

<lb></lb>right and circular.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is the firſt argument, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle, Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>all their followers do produce; to which we have abundant­

<lb></lb>ly anſwered, and ſhewn the Paralogiſme, and with ſufficient 

<lb></lb>plainneſſe proved, that the motion in common to us and other mo­

<lb></lb>veables, is, as if there were no ſuch thing; but becauſe true con­

<lb></lb>cluſions meet with a thouſand accidents, that confirme them, I 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg427"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>will, with the favour of this Philoſopher, adde ſomething more; 

<lb></lb>and you <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> perſonating him, anſwer me to what I ſhall 

<lb></lb>ask you: And firſt tell me, what effect hath that ſtone upon you, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg428"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>which falling from the top of the Tower, is the cauſe that you per­

<lb></lb>ceive that motion; for if its fall doth operate upon you neither 

<lb></lb>more nor leſſe, than its ſtanding ſtill on the Towers top, you 

<lb></lb>doubtleſſe could not diſcern its deſcent, or diſtinguiſh its moving 

<lb></lb>from its lying ſtill.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg427"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Common motion 

<lb></lb>is, as if it never 

<lb></lb>were.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg428"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The argument 

<lb></lb>taken from things 

<lb></lb>falling perpendicu­

<lb></lb>larly, another way 

<lb></lb>confuted.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I comprehend its moving, in relation to the Tower, 

<lb></lb>for that I ſee it one while juſt againſt ſuch a mark in the ſaid 

<lb></lb>Tower, and another while againſt another lower, and ſo ſucceſ­

<lb></lb>ſively, till that at laſt I perceive it arrived at the ground.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then if that ſtone were let fall from the tallons of an 

<lb></lb>Eagle flying, and ſhould deſcend thorow the ſimple inviſible Air, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/232.jpg" pagenum="224"></pb>and you had no other object viſible and ſtable, wherewith to make 

<lb></lb>compariſons to that, you could not perceive its motion?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. No, nor the ſtone it ſelf; for if I would ſee it, when 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg429"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>it is at the higheſt, I muſt raiſe up my head, and as it deſcendeth 

<lb></lb>I muſt hold it lower and lower, and in a word, muſt continually 

<lb></lb>move either that, or my eyes, following the motion of the ſaid 

<lb></lb>ſtone.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg429"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Whence the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of a cadent bo­

<lb></lb>dy is collected.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You have now rightly anſwered: you know then that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg430"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the ſtone lyeth ſtill, when without moving your eye, you alwayes 

<lb></lb>ſee it before you; and you know that it moveth, when for the 

<lb></lb>keeping it in ſight, you muſt move the organ of ſight, the eye. </s><s>So 

<lb></lb>then when ever without moving your eye, you continually be­

<lb></lb>hold an object in the ſelf ſame aſpect, you do always judge it 

<lb></lb>immoveable.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg430"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motion of 

<lb></lb>the eye argueth 

<lb></lb>the motion of the 

<lb></lb>object looked on.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think it muſt needs be ſo.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now fancy your ſelf to be in a ſhip, and to have fixed 

<lb></lb>your eye on the point of the Sail-yard: Do you think, that be­

<lb></lb>cauſe the ſhip moveth very faſt, you muſt move your eye, to keep 

<lb></lb>your ſight alwayes upon the point of the Sail-yard, and to fol­

<lb></lb>low its motion?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I am certain, that I ſhould need to make no change at 

<lb></lb>all; and that not only in the ſight; but if I had aimed a Musket 

<lb></lb>at it, I ſhould never have need, let the ſhip move how it will, 

<lb></lb>to ſtir it an hairs breadth to keep it full upon the ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And this happens becauſe the motion, which the Ship 

<lb></lb>conferreth on the Sail-yard, it conferreth alſo upon you, and upon 

<lb></lb>your eye; ſo that you need not ſtir it a jot to behold the top of 

<lb></lb>the Sail-yard: and conſequently, it will ſeem to you immovea­

<lb></lb>able. </s><s>Now this Diſcourſe being applied to the revolution of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, and to the ſtone placed in the top of the Tower, in which 

<lb></lb>you cannot diſcern any motion, becauſe that you have that mo­

<lb></lb>tion which is neceſſary for the following of it, in common with it 

<lb></lb>from the Earth; ſo that you need not move your eye. </s><s>When a­

<lb></lb>gain there is conferred upon it the motion of deſcent, which is its 

<lb></lb>particular motion, and not yours, and that it is intermixed with the 

<lb></lb>circular, that part of the circular which is common to the ſtone, 

<lb></lb>and to the eye, continueth to be imperceptible, and the right one­

<lb></lb>ly is perceived, for that to the perception of it, you muſt follow it 

<lb></lb>with your eye, looking lower and lower. </s><s>I wiſh for the undecei­

<lb></lb>ving of this Philoſopher, that I could adviſe him, that ſome time 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg431"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>or other going by water, he would carry along with him a Veſſel 

<lb></lb>of reaſonable depth full of water, and prepare a ball of wax, or 

<lb></lb>other matter that would deſcend very ſlowly to the bottome, ſo 

<lb></lb>that in a minute of an hour, it would ſcarce ſink a yard; and that 

<lb></lb>rowing the boat as faſt as could be, ſo that in a minute of an hour 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/233.jpg" pagenum="225"></pb>it ſhould run above an hundred yards, he would let the ball ſub­

<lb></lb>merge into the water, &amp; freely deſcend, &amp; diligently obſerve its mo­

<lb></lb>tion. </s><s>If he would but do thus, he ſhould ſee, firſt, that it would go in a 

<lb></lb>direct line towards that point of the bottom of the veſſel, whither it 

<lb></lb>would tend, if the boat ſhould ſtand ſtill; &amp; to his eye, and in rela­

<lb></lb>tion to the veſſel, that motion would appear moſt ſtraight and per­

<lb></lb>pendicular, and yet he could not ſay, but that it would be compoſed 

<lb></lb>of the right motion downwards, and of the circular about the ele­

<lb></lb>ment of water. </s><s>And if theſe things befall in matters not natural, 

<lb></lb>and in things that we may experiment in their ſtate of reſt; &amp; then 

<lb></lb>again in the contrary ſtate of motion, and yet as to appearance no 

<lb></lb>diverſity at all is diſcovered, &amp; that they ſeem to deceive our ſenſe 

<lb></lb>what can we diſtinguiſh touching the Earth, which hath been per­

<lb></lb>petually in the ſame conſtitution, as to motion and reſt? </s><s>And in 

<lb></lb>what time can we experiment whether any difference is diſcernable 

<lb></lb>amongſt theſe accidents of local motion, in its diverſe ſtates of mo­

<lb></lb>tion and reſt, if it eternally indureth in but one onely of them?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg431"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An experiment 

<lb></lb>that ſheweth how 

<lb></lb>the common motion 

<lb></lb>is imperceptible.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Theſe Diſcourſes have ſomewhat whetted my ſtomack, 

<lb></lb>which thoſe fiſhes, and ſnails had in part nauſeated; and the former 

<lb></lb>made me call to minde the correction of an errour, that hath ſo 

<lb></lb>much appearance of truth, that I know not whether one of a 

<lb></lb>thouſand would refuſe to admit it as unqueſtionable. </s><s>And it was 

<lb></lb>this, that ſailing into <emph type="italics"></emph>Syria,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and carrying with me a very good 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcope,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that had been beſtowed on me by our <emph type="italics"></emph>Common Friend,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>who not many dayes before had invented, I propoſed to the Ma­

<lb></lb>riners, that it would be of great benefit in Navigation to make uſe 

<lb></lb>of it upon the round top of a ſhip, to diſcover and kenne Veſſels 

<lb></lb>afar off. </s><s>The benefit was approved, but there was objected the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg432"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>difficulty of uſing it, by reaſon of the Ships continual fluctuation; 

<lb></lb>and eſpecially on the round top, where the agitation is ſo much 

<lb></lb>greater, and that it would be better for any one that would make 

<lb></lb>uſe thereof to ſtand at the Partners upon the upper Deck, where 

<lb></lb>the toſſing is leſſe than in any other place of the Ship. </s><s>I (for I 

<lb></lb>will not conceal my errour) concurred in the ſame opinion, and 

<lb></lb>for that time ſaid no more: nor can I tell you by what hints I was 

<lb></lb>moved to return to ruminate with my ſelf upon this buſineſſe, and 

<lb></lb>in the end came to diſcover my ſimplicity (although excuſable) in 

<lb></lb>admitting that for true, which is moſt falſe; falſe I ſay, that the 

<lb></lb>great agitation of the basket or round top, in compariſon of the 

<lb></lb>ſmall one below, at the partners of the Maſt, ſhould render the 

<lb></lb>uſe of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcope<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> more difficult in finding out the object.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg432"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An ingenuous 

<lb></lb>conſideration a­

<lb></lb>bout the poſſibility 

<lb></lb>of uſing the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Teleſ­

<lb></lb>cope <emph type="italics"></emph>with as much 

<lb></lb>facility on the 

<lb></lb>round top of the 

<lb></lb>Maſt of a ſhip, 

<lb></lb>as on the Deck.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I ſhould have accompanied the Mariners, and your ſelf 

<lb></lb>at the beginning.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>And ſo ſhould I have done, and ſtill do: nor can I be­

<lb></lb>lieve, if I ſhould think of it an hundred years, that I could under­

<lb></lb>ſtand it otherwiſe.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/234.jpg" pagenum="226"></pb><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I may then, it ſeems, for once prove a Maſter to you both. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And becauſe the proceeding by interrogatories doth in my opinion 

<lb></lb>much dilucidate things, beſides the pleaſure which it affords of con­

<lb></lb>founding our companion, forcing from him that which he thought he 

<lb></lb>knew not, I will make uſe of that artifice. </s><s>And firſt, I ſuppoſe that the 

<lb></lb>Ship, Gally, or other Veſſel, which we would diſcover, is a great way 

<lb></lb>off, that is, four, ſix, ten, or twenty ^{*} miles, for that to kenne thoſe 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg433"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>neer at hand there is no need of theſe Glaſſes: &amp; conſequently, the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcope<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> may at ſuch a diſtance of four or ſix miles conveniently 

<lb></lb>diſcover the whole Veſſel, &amp; a muchgreater bulk. </s><s>Now I demand 

<lb></lb>what for ſpecies, &amp; how many for number are the motions that are 

<lb></lb>made upon the round top, depending on the fluctuation of the Ship.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg433"></margin.target>* I deviate here 

<lb></lb>from the ſtrict Sea 

<lb></lb>Diallect, which 

<lb></lb>denominatesall di­

<lb></lb>ſtances by Leagues.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We will ſuppoſe that the Ship goeth towards the Eaſt. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Firſt, in a calme Sea, it would have no other motion than 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg434"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>this of progreſſion, but adding the undulation of the Waves, 

<lb></lb>there ſhall reſult thence one, which alternately hoyſting and low­

<lb></lb>ering the poop and prow, maketh the round top, to lean forwards 

<lb></lb>and backwards; other waves driving the veſſel ſidewayes, bow the 

<lb></lb>Maſt to the Starboard and Larboard; others, may bring the ſhip 

<lb></lb>ſomewhat abovt, and bear her away by the Miſne from Eaſt, one 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg435"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>while towards the ^{*} Northeaſt; another while toward the South­

<lb></lb>eaſt; others bearing her up by the Carine may make her onely to 

<lb></lb>riſe, and fall; and in ſum, theſe motions are for ſpecies two, one 

<lb></lb>that changeth the direction of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcope<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> angularly, the other 

<lb></lb>lineally, without changing angle, that is, alwayes keeping the 

<lb></lb>tube of the Inſtrument parallel to its ſelf.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg434"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Different moti­

<lb></lb>ons depending on 

<lb></lb>the fluctuation of 

<lb></lb>the Ship.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg435"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"></emph>Greco,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which 

<lb></lb>the Latine Tran­

<lb></lb>ſlator according to 

<lb></lb>his uſual careleſſe­

<lb></lb>neſſe (to call it no 

<lb></lb>worſe) tranſlates 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Corum Ventum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>the Northweſt 

<lb></lb>Wind, for <emph type="italics"></emph>Ventum 

<lb></lb>Libanotum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Tell me, in the next place, if we, having firſt directed 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg436"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcope<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> yonder away towards the Tower of ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Burano,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſix 

<lb></lb>miles from hence, do turn it angularly to the right hand, or to the 

<lb></lb>left, or elſe upwards or downwards, but a ^{*}ſtraws breadth, what ef­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg437"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>fect ſhall it have upon us touching the finding out of the ſaid tower?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg436"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Two mutations 

<lb></lb>made in the Tele­

<lb></lb>ſcope, depending on 

<lb></lb>the agitation of the 

<lb></lb>Ship.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg437"></margin.target>* This is a Caſtle 

<lb></lb>ſix Italian miles 

<lb></lb>from <emph type="italics"></emph>Venice<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Northwards.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It would make us immediately loſe ſight of it, for ſuch 

<lb></lb>a declination, though ſmall here, may import there hundreds and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg438"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>thouſands of yards.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg438"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"></emph>Vnnerod&#039; ug­

<lb></lb>na,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the black or 

<lb></lb>paring of a nail.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But if without changing the angle, keeping the tube 

<lb></lb>alwayes parallel to it ſelf, we ſhould transfer it ten or twelve 

<lb></lb>yards farther off to the right or left hand, upwards or downwards, 

<lb></lb>what alteration would it make as to the Tower?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The change would be abſolutely undiſcernable; for 

<lb></lb>that the ſpaces here and there being contained between parallel 

<lb></lb>rayes, the mutations made here and there, ought to be equal, and 

<lb></lb>becauſe the ſpace which the Inſtrument diſcovers yonder, is capa­

<lb></lb>ble of many of thoſe Towers; therefore we ſhall not loſe ſight of it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Returning now to the Ship, we may undoubtedly af­

<lb></lb>firm, that the <emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcope<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> moving to the right or left, upwards, or 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/235.jpg" pagenum="227"></pb>downwards, and alſo forwards or backwards ten or fifteen fathom, 

<lb></lb>keeping it all the while parallel to its ſelf, the viſive ray cannot 

<lb></lb>ſtray from the point obſerved in the object, more than thoſe fif­

<lb></lb>teen fathom; and becauſe in a diſtance of eight or ten miles, the 

<lb></lb>Inſtrument takes in a much greater ſpace than the Gally or other 

<lb></lb>Veſſel kenn&#039;d; therefore that ſmall mutation ſhall not make me 

<lb></lb>loſe ſight of her. </s><s>The impediment therefore, and the cauſe of 

<lb></lb>loſing the object cannot befall us, unleſſe upon the mutation made 

<lb></lb>angularly; ſince that <emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcopes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> tranſportation higher or lower, to 

<lb></lb>the right, or to the left, by the agitation of the ſhip, cannot import 

<lb></lb>any great number of fathomes. </s><s>Now ſuppoſe that you had two 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcopes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> fixed, one at the Partners cloſe by the Deck, and the o­

<lb></lb>ther at the round top, nay at the main top, or main top-gallant 

<lb></lb>top, where you hang forth the <emph type="italics"></emph>Pennon<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or ſtreamer, and that they 

<lb></lb>be both directed to the Veſſel that is ten miles off, tell me, whe­

<lb></lb>ther you believe that any agitation of the ſhip, &amp; inclination of the 

<lb></lb>Maſt, can make greater changes, as to the angle, in the higher tube, 

<lb></lb>than in the lower? </s><s>One wave ariſing, the prow will make the main 

<lb></lb>top give back fifteen or twenty fathom more than the foot of the 

<lb></lb>Maſt, and it ſhall carry the upper tube along with it ſo greata ſpace, 

<lb></lb>&amp; the lower it may be not a palm; but the angle ſhall change in one 

<lb></lb>Inſtrument aſwell as in the other; and likewiſe a ſide-billow ſhall 

<lb></lb>bear the higher tube an hundred times as far to the Larboard or 

<lb></lb>Starboard, as it will the other below; but the angles change not at 

<lb></lb>all, or elſe alter both alike. </s><s>But the mutation to the right hand or 

<lb></lb>left, forwards or backwards, upwards or downwards, bringeth no 

<lb></lb>ſenſible impediment in the kenning of objects remote, though the 

<lb></lb>alteration of the angle maketh great change therein; Therefore it 

<lb></lb>muſt of neceſſity be confeſſed, that the uſe of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcope<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> on the 

<lb></lb>round top is no more difficult than upon the Deck at the Partners; 

<lb></lb>ſeeing that the angular mutations are alike in both places.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>How much circumſpection is there to be uſed in affirming 

<lb></lb>or denying a propoſition? </s><s>I ſay again, thar hearing it reſolutely affir­

<lb></lb>med, that there is a greater motion made on the Maſts top, than at 

<lb></lb>its partners, every one will perſwade himſelf, that the uſe of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Te­

<lb></lb>leſcope<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is much more difficult above than below. </s><s>And thus alſo I w 

<lb></lb>ill excuſe thoſe Philoſophers, who grow impatient and fly out into 

<lb></lb>paſſion againſt ſuch as will not grant them, that that Cannon bullet 

<lb></lb>which they cleerly ſee to fall in a right line perpendicularly, doth 

<lb></lb>abſolutely move in that manner; but will have its motion to be by 

<lb></lb>an arch, and alſo very much inclined and tranſverſal: but let us 

<lb></lb>leave them in theſe labyrinths, and let us hear the other objections, 

<lb></lb>that our Author in hand brings againſt <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The Author goeth on to demonſtrate that in the Do­

<lb></lb>ctrine of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it is requiſite to deny the Senſes, and the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/236.jpg" pagenum="228"></pb>greateſt Senſations, as for inſtance it would be, if we that feel the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg439"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>reſpirations of a gentle gale, ſhould not feel the impulſe of a per­

<lb></lb>petual winde that beateth upon us with a velocity that runs more 

<lb></lb>than 2529 miles an hour, for ſo much is the ſpace that the centre 

<lb></lb>of the Earth in its annual motion paſſeth in an hour upon the cir­

<lb></lb>cumference of the grand Orb, as he diligently calculates; and 

<lb></lb>becauſe, as he ſaith, by the judgment of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus, Cum terra 

<lb></lb>movetur circumpoſitus aër, motus tamen ejus, velocior licet ac ra­

<lb></lb>pidior celerrimo quocunque vento, à nohis non ſentiretur, ſed ſum­

<lb></lb>ma tum tranquilitas reputaretur, niſi alius motus accederet. </s><s>Quid 

<lb></lb>eſt verò decipi ſenſum, niſi hæc eſſet deceptio<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? [<emph type="italics"></emph>Which I make to 

<lb></lb>ſpeak to this ſenſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>] The circumpoſed air is moved with the Earth, 

<lb></lb>yet its motion, although more ſpeedy and rapid than the ſwifteſt 

<lb></lb>wind whatſoever, would not be perceived by us, but then would 

<lb></lb>be thought a great tranquillity, unleſſe ſome other motion ſhould 

<lb></lb>happen; what then is the deception of the ſenſe, if this be 

<lb></lb>not?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg439"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The annual mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the Earth 

<lb></lb>muſt cauſe a per­

<lb></lb>petual and ſtrong 

<lb></lb>winde.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It muſt needs be that this Philoſopher thinketh, that 

<lb></lb>that Earth which <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> maketh to turn round, together with 

<lb></lb>the ambient air along the circumference of the great Orb, is not that 

<lb></lb>whereon we inhabit, but ſome other ſeparated from this; for that this 

<lb></lb>of ours carrieth us alſo along with it with the ſame velocity, as al­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg440"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſo the circumjacent air: And what beating of the air can we feel, 

<lb></lb>when we fly with equal ſpeed from that which ſhould accoſt us? 

<lb></lb></s><s>This Gentleman forgot, that we no leſs than the Earth and air are 

<lb></lb>carried about, and that conſequently we are always touch&#039;d by 

<lb></lb>one and the ſame part of the air, which yet doth not make us feel 

<lb></lb>it.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg440"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The air alwayes 

<lb></lb>touching us with 

<lb></lb>the ſame part of it 

<lb></lb>cannot make us 

<lb></lb>feel it.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But I rather think that he did not ſo think; hear the 

<lb></lb>words which immediately follow. <emph type="italics"></emph>Præterea nos quoque rotamur 

<lb></lb>ex circumductione terræ &amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now I can no longer help nor excuſe him; do you 

<lb></lb>plead for him and bring him off, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I cannot thus upon the ſudden think of an excuſe that 

<lb></lb>pleaſeth me.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Go to; take this whole night to think on it, and de­

<lb></lb>fend him to morrow; in the mean time let us hear ſome other of 

<lb></lb>his objections.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>He proſecuteth the ſame Objection, ſhewing, that in the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg441"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>way of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a man muſt deny his own ſenſes. </s><s>For that 

<lb></lb>this principle whereby we turn round with the Earth, either is 

<lb></lb>intrinſick to us, or external; that is, a rapture of that Earth; and 

<lb></lb>if it be this ſecond, we not feeling any ſuch rapture, it muſt be 

<lb></lb>confeſſed that the ſenſe of feeling, doth not feel its own object 

<lb></lb>touching it, nor its impreſſion on the ſenſible part: but if the prin­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/237.jpg" pagenum="229"></pb>ciple be intrinſecal, we ſhall not perceive a local motion that is de­

<lb></lb>rived from our ſelves, and we ſhall never diſcover a propenſion per­

<lb></lb>petually annexed to our ſelves.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg441"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>He that will fol­

<lb></lb>low<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Copernicus, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>must deny his ſer­

<lb></lb>ſes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that the inſtance of this Philoſopher lays its ſtreſs up­

<lb></lb>on this, that whether the principle by which we move round with 

<lb></lb>the Earth be either extern, or intern, yet however we muſt per­

<lb></lb>ceive it, and not perceiving it, it is neither the one nor the other, 

<lb></lb>and therefore we move not, nor conſequently the Earth. </s><s>Now I 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg442"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſay, that it may be both ways, and yet we not perceive the ſame. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And that it may be external, the experiment of the boat ſupera­

<lb></lb>bundantly ſatisſieth me; I ſay, ſuperabundantly, becauſe it being 

<lb></lb>in our power at all times to make it move, and alſo to make it 

<lb></lb>ſtand ſtill, and with great exactneſs to make obſervation, whether 

<lb></lb>by ſome diverſity that may be comprehended by the ſenſe of feel­

<lb></lb>ing, we can come to know whether it moveth or no, ſeeing that 

<lb></lb>as yet no ſuch ſcience is obtained: Will it then be any matter of 

<lb></lb>wonder, if the ſame accident is unknown to us on the Earth, the 

<lb></lb>which may have carried us about perpetually, and we, without our 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg443"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>being ever able to experiment its reſt? </s><s>You, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as I be­

<lb></lb>lieve, have gone by boat many times to <emph type="italics"></emph>Padoua,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and if you will 

<lb></lb>confeſs the truth, you never felt in your ſelf the participation of 

<lb></lb>that motion, unleſs when the boat running a-ground, or encoun­

<lb></lb>tring ſome obſtacle, did ſtop, and that you with the other Paſſen­

<lb></lb>gers being taken on a ſudden, were with danger over-ſet. </s><s>It 

<lb></lb>would be neceſſary that the Terreſtrial Globe ſhould meet with 

<lb></lb>ſome rub that might arreſt it, for I aſſure you, that then you 

<lb></lb>would diſcern the impulſe reſiding in you, when it ſhould toſs you 

<lb></lb>up towards the Stars. </s><s>It&#039;s true, that by the other ſenſes, but yet 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg444"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>aſſiſted by Reaſon, you may perceive the motion of the boat, that 

<lb></lb>is, with the ſight, in that you ſee the trees and buildings placed on 

<lb></lb>the ſhoar, which being ſeparated from the boat, ſeem to move the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg445"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>contrary way. </s><s>But if you would by ſuch an experiment receive 

<lb></lb>intire ſatisfaction in this buſineſs of the Terreſtrial motion, look 

<lb></lb>on the ſtars, which upon this reaſon ſeem to move the contrary 

<lb></lb>way. </s><s>As to the wondering that we ſhould not feel ſuch a prin­

<lb></lb>ciple, ſuppoſing it to be internal, is a leſs reaſonable conceit; for 

<lb></lb>if we do not feel ſuch a one, that cometh to us from without, 

<lb></lb>and that frequently goeth away, with what reaſon can we expect 

<lb></lb>to feel it, if it immutably and continually reſides in us? </s><s>Now let 

<lb></lb>us ſee what you have farther to allege on this argument.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg442"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Our motion may 

<lb></lb>be either interne or 

<lb></lb>externe, and yet 

<lb></lb>we never perceive 

<lb></lb>or feel it.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg443"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motion of a 

<lb></lb>Boat inſenſible to 

<lb></lb>thoſe that are with 

<lb></lb>in it, as to the ſenſe 

<lb></lb>of feeling.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg444"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The boats moti­

<lb></lb>on is perceptible to 

<lb></lb>the ſight joyn&#039;d 

<lb></lb>with reaſon.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg445"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>motion collected 

<lb></lb>from the ſtars.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Take this ſhort exclamation. <emph type="italics"></emph>Ex hac itaque opinione 

<lb></lb>neceſſe est diffidere noſtris ſenſibus, ut penitùs fall acibus vel ſtupidis 

<lb></lb>in ſenſilibus, etiam conjunctiſſimis, dijudicandis. </s><s>Quam ergò ve­

<lb></lb>ritatem ſperare poſſumus à facultate adeò fallaci ortum trabentem<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? 

<lb></lb>[Which I render thus:] From this opinion likewiſe, we muſt of 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/238.jpg" pagenum="230"></pb>neceſſity ſuſpect our own ſenſes, as wholly fallible, or ſtupid in 

<lb></lb>judging of ſenſible things even very near at hand. </s><s>What truth 

<lb></lb>therefore can we hope for, to be derived from ſo deceiveable a fa­

<lb></lb>culty?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But I deſire not to deduce precepts more profitable, or 

<lb></lb>more certain, learning to be more circumſpect and leſs confident 

<lb></lb>about that which at firſt bluſh is repreſented to us by the ſenſes, 

<lb></lb>which may eaſily deceive us. </s><s>And I would not have this Author 

<lb></lb>trouble himſelf in attemptiug to make us comprehend by ſenſe, 

<lb></lb>that this motion of deſcending Graves is ſimply right, and of 

<lb></lb>no other kind; nor let him exclaim that a thing ſo clear, manifeſt, 

<lb></lb>and obvious ſhould be brought in queſtion; for in ſo doing, he 

<lb></lb>maketh others believe, that he thinketh thoſe that deny that mo­

<lb></lb>tion to be abſolutely ſtreight, but rather circular, the ſtone did 

<lb></lb>ſenſibly ſee it to move in an arch, ſeeing that he inviteth their ſenſes 

<lb></lb>more than their Reaſon, to judg of that effect: which is not true, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for like as I, that am indifferent in all theſe opini­

<lb></lb>ons, and onely in the manner of a Comedian, perſonate <emph type="italics"></emph>Coperni­

<lb></lb>cus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in theſe our repreſentations, have never ſeen, nor thought 

<lb></lb>that I have ſeen that ſtone fall otherwiſe than perpendicularly, 

<lb></lb>ſo I believe, that to the eyes of all others it ſeemed to do the 

<lb></lb>ſame. </s><s>Better it is therefore, that depoſing that appearance in 

<lb></lb>which all agree, we make uſe of our Reaſon, either to confirm the 

<lb></lb>reality of that, or to diſcover its fallacy.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If I could any time meet with this Philoſopher, who 

<lb></lb>yet me thinks is more ſublime than the reſt of the followers of 

<lb></lb>the ſame doctrines, I would in token of my affection put him in 

<lb></lb>mind of an accident which he hath doubtleſs very often beheld; 

<lb></lb>from which, with great conformity to that which we now diſcourſe 

<lb></lb>of, it may be collected how eaſily one may be deceived by the bare 

<lb></lb>appearance, or, if you will, repreſentation of the ſenſe. </s><s>And the 

<lb></lb>accident is, the Moons ſeeming to follow thoſe that walk the ſtreets 

<lb></lb>in the night, with a pace equal to theirs, whilſt they ſee it go gli­

<lb></lb>ding along the Roofs of houſes, upon which it ſheweth juſt like a 

<lb></lb>cat, that really running along the ridges of houſes, leaveth them 

<lb></lb>behind. </s><s>An appearance that, did not reaſon interpoſe, would but 

<lb></lb>too manifeſtly delude the ſight.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Indeed there want not experiments that render us cer­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg446"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>tain of the fallacy of the meer ſenſes; therefore ſuſpending ſuch 

<lb></lb>ſenſations for the preſent, let us hear the Arguments that follow 

<lb></lb>which are taken, as he ſaith, <emph type="italics"></emph>ex rerum naturâ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> The firſt of which 

<lb></lb>is, that the Earth cannot of its own nature move with three moti­

<lb></lb>ons very different; or otherwiſe we muſt deny many manifeſt 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg447"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Axioms. </s><s>The firſt whereof is, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Omnïs effectus dependeat ab 

<lb></lb>aliquâ cauſâ; [i. </s><s>e.]<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that every effect dependeth on ſome cauſe. 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/239.jpg" pagenum="231"></pb>The ſecond, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Nulla res ſeipſam producat; [i. </s><s>e.]<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that nothing 

<lb></lb>produceth it ſelf: from whence it follows, that it is not poſſi­

<lb></lb>ble that the mover and moved ſhould be totally the ſame thing: 

<lb></lb>And this is manifeſt, not onely in things that are moved by an ex­

<lb></lb>trinſick mover; but it is gathered alſo from the principles pro­

<lb></lb>pounded, that the ſame holdeth true in the natural motion depen­

<lb></lb>dent on an intrinſick principle; otherwiſe, being that the mover, 

<lb></lb>as a mover, is the cauſe, and the thing moved, as moved, is the 

<lb></lb>effect, the ſame thing would totally be both the cauſe and effect. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Therefore a body doth not move its whole ſelf, that is, ſo as 

<lb></lb>that all moveth, and all is moved; but its neceſſary in the thing 

<lb></lb>moved to diſtinguiſh in ſome manner the efficient principle of the 

<lb></lb>motion, and that which with that motion is moved. </s><s>The third 

<lb></lb>Axiom is, that <emph type="italics"></emph>in rebus quæ ſenſui ſubjiciuntur, unum, quatenus 

<lb></lb>unum, unam ſolam rem producat; i. </s><s>e.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> That in things ſubject to 

<lb></lb>the ſenſes, one, as it is one, produceth but onely one thing: That 

<lb></lb>is, the ſoul in animals produceth its true divers operations, as the 

<lb></lb>ſight, the hearing, the ſmell, generation, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but all theſe with 

<lb></lb>ſeveral inſtruments. </s><s>And in ſhort, in things ſenſible, the diverſi­

<lb></lb>ty of operations, is obſerved to derive it ſelf from the diverſity 

<lb></lb>that is in the cauſe. </s><s>Now if we put all theſe Axioms together, it 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg448"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>will be a thing very manifeſt, that one ſimple body, as is the 

<lb></lb>Earth, cannot of its own nature move at the ſame time with 

<lb></lb>three motions, very divers: For by the foregoing ſuppoſitions, 

<lb></lb>all moveth not its ſelf all; it is neceſfary therefore to diſtinguiſh 

<lb></lb>in it three principles of its three motions; otherwiſe one and the 

<lb></lb>ſame principle would produce many motions; but if it contein in 

<lb></lb>it three principles of natural motions, beſides the part moved, it 

<lb></lb>ſhall not be a ſimple body, but compounded of three principle 

<lb></lb>movers, and of the part moved. </s><s>If therefore the Earth be a ſim­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg449"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ple body, it ſhall not move with three motions; nay more, it will 

<lb></lb>not move with any of thoſe which <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> aſcribeth to it, it 

<lb></lb>being to move but with one alone, for that it is manifeſt, by the 

<lb></lb>reaſons of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that it moveth to its centre, as its parts do 

<lb></lb>ſhew, which deſcend at right angles to the Earths Spherical 

<lb></lb>Surface.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg446"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Arguments a­

<lb></lb>gainſt the Earths 

<lb></lb>motion taken,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ex 

<lb></lb>rerum natura.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg447"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Three Axioms 

<lb></lb>that are ſuppoſed 

<lb></lb>manifeſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg448"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A ſimple body 

<lb></lb>as the Earth, can­

<lb></lb>not move with 

<lb></lb>three ſeveral moti­

<lb></lb>ons.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg449"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Earth can­

<lb></lb>not move with any 

<lb></lb>of the motions aſſi­

<lb></lb>gned it by<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Coperni­

<lb></lb>cus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Many things might be ſaid, and conſidered touching 

<lb></lb>the connection of this argument; but in regard that we can re­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg450"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſolve it in few words, I will not at this time without need inlarge 

<lb></lb>upon it; and ſo much the rather, becauſe the ſame Author hath 

<lb></lb>furniſhed me with an anſwer, when he ſaith that from one ſole prin­

<lb></lb>ple in animals, there are produced divers operations; ſo that for 

<lb></lb>the preſent my anſwer ſhall be, that in the ſame manner the Earth 

<lb></lb>from one onely principle deriveth ſeveral operations.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg450"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Anſwers to the 

<lb></lb>arguments contra­

<lb></lb>ry to the Earths 

<lb></lb>motion, taken<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ex 

<lb></lb>rerum natura.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But this anſwer will not at all ſatisfie the Author who 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/240.jpg" pagenum="232"></pb>makes the objection, yea, it is totally overthrown by that which 

<lb></lb>immediately after he addeth for a greater confirmation of his argu­

<lb></lb>ment, as you ſhall hear. </s><s>He re-inforceth his argument, I ſay, with 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg451"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>another Axiome, which is this; That <emph type="italics"></emph>natura in rebus neceſſari is 

<lb></lb>nec deficiat, nec abundat: i.e.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> That nature in things neceſſary is 

<lb></lb>neither defective, nor ſuperfluous. </s><s>This is obvious to the obſer­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg452"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>vers of natural things, and chiefly of animals, in which, becauſe 

<lb></lb>they are to move with many motions, Nature hath made many 

<lb></lb>flexures, and hath thereunto commodiouſly knitted the parts for 

<lb></lb>motion, as to the knees, to the hips, for the inabling of living 

<lb></lb>creatures to go, and run at their pleaſure. </s><s>Moreover in man he 

<lb></lb>hath framed many flexions, and joynts, in the elbow, and hand, to 

<lb></lb>enable them to perform many motions. </s><s>From theſe things the ar­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg453"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>gument is taken againſt the threefold motion of the Earth. [<emph type="italics"></emph>Ei­

<lb></lb>ther the Body, that is one, and continuate, without any manner of 

<lb></lb>knittings or flexions, can exerciſe divers motions, or cannot: If it 

<lb></lb>can without them, then in vain hath nature framed the flexures in 

<lb></lb>animals; which is contrary to the Axiome: but if it cannot with­

<lb></lb>out them, then the Earth, one body, and continuate, and deprived of 

<lb></lb>flexures, and joynts, cannot of its own nature move with plurali­

<lb></lb>ty of motions.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>] You ſee now how craftily he falls upon your an­

<lb></lb>ſwer, as if he had foreſeen it.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg451"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A fourth Ax­

<lb></lb>iome againſt the 

<lb></lb>motion of the Earth<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg452"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Flexures neceſ­

<lb></lb>ſary in animals for 

<lb></lb>the diverſity of 

<lb></lb>their motions.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg453"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Another argu­

<lb></lb>ment againſt the 

<lb></lb>three fold motion of 

<lb></lb>the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Are you ſerious, or do you jeſt?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I ſpeak it with the beſt judgment I have.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You muſt therefore ſee that you have as fortunate an 

<lb></lb>hand in defending the reply of this Philoſopher, againſt ſome o­

<lb></lb>ther rejoynders made to him; therefore anſwer for him, I pray 

<lb></lb>you, ſeeing we cannot have him here. </s><s>You firſt admit it for true, 

<lb></lb>that Nature hath made the joynts, flexures, and knuckles of li­

<lb></lb>ving creatures, to the intent that they might move with ſnndry 

<lb></lb>and divers motions; and I deny this propoſition; and ſay, that 

<lb></lb>theſe flexions are made, that the animal may move one, or more 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg454"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of its parts, the reſt remaining immoved: and I ſay, that as to the 

<lb></lb>ſpecies and differences of motions thoſe are of one kind alone, to 

<lb></lb>wit, all circular, and for this cauſe you ſee all the ends of the mo­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg455"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>veable bones to be convex or concave, and of theſe ſome are ſphe­

<lb></lb>rical, as are thoſe that are to move every way, as in the ſhoulder­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg456"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>joynt, the arme of the Enſigne doth, in diſplaying the Colours, 

<lb></lb>and that of the Falconer in bringing his Hawk to the lure; and 

<lb></lb>ſuch is the flexure of the elbow, upon which the hand turns round, 

<lb></lb>in boring with an augure: others are circular onely one way, and 

<lb></lb>as it were cylindrical, which ſerve for the members that bend one­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg457"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ly in one faſhion, as the joynts of the fingers one above another, 

<lb></lb>&amp;c. </s><s>But without more particular inductions, one only general diſ­

<lb></lb>courſe may make this truth underſtood; and this is, that of a ſolid 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/241.jpg" pagenum="233"></pb>body that moveth, one of its extreams ſtanding ſtill without chan­

<lb></lb>ching place, the motion muſt needs be circular, and no other: and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg458"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>becauſe in the living creatures moving, one of its members doth 

<lb></lb>not ſeparate from the other its conterminal, therefore that motion 

<lb></lb>is of neceſſity circular.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg454"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Flexures in 

<lb></lb>animals are not 

<lb></lb>made for the di­

<lb></lb>verſity of motions.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg455"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motions of 

<lb></lb>animals are of one 

<lb></lb>ſort.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg456"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ends of the 

<lb></lb>bones are all ro­

<lb></lb>tund.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg457"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is demonſtra­

<lb></lb>ted, that the ends 

<lb></lb>of the bones are of 

<lb></lb>neceſſity to be ro­

<lb></lb>tund.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg458"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motions of 

<lb></lb>animals are all 

<lb></lb>circular.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>How can this be? </s><s>For I ſee the animal move with an 

<lb></lb>hundred motions that are not circular, and very different from one 

<lb></lb>another, as to run, to skip, to climbe, to deſcend, to ſwim, and 

<lb></lb>many others.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg459"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg459"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Secondary moti­

<lb></lb>ons of animals de­

<lb></lb>pendent on the firſt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Tis well: but theſe are ſecondary motions, depending 

<lb></lb>on the preceding motions of the joynts and flexures. </s><s>Upon the 

<lb></lb>plying of the legs to the knees, and the thighs to the hips, which 

<lb></lb>are circular motions of the parts, is produced, as conſequents, the 

<lb></lb>skip, or running, which are motions of the whole body, and theſe 

<lb></lb>may poſſibly not be circular. </s><s>Now becauſe one part of the ter­</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg460"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>reſtrial Globe is not required to move upon another part immove­

<lb></lb>able, but that the motion is to be of the whole body, there is no 

<lb></lb>need in it of flexures.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg460"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Terreſtriall 

<lb></lb>Globe <emph type="italics"></emph>hath noe 

<lb></lb>need of flexures.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This (will the aduerſary rejoyn) might be, if the moti­

<lb></lb>on were but one alone, but they being three, and thoſe very dif­

<lb></lb>ferent from each other, it is not poſſible that they ſhould concur in 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg461"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>an ^{*} articulate body.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg461"></margin.target>* Without joynts</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I verily believe that this would be the anſwer of the 

<lb></lb>Philoſopher. </s><s>Againſt which I make oppoſition another way; and 

<lb></lb>ask you, whether you think that by way of joynts and flexures one 

<lb></lb>may adapt the terreſtrial Globe to the participation of three diffe­

<lb></lb>rent circular motions? </s><s>Do you not anſwer me? </s><s>Seeing you are 

<lb></lb>ſpeechleſſe, I will undertake to anſwer for the Philoſopher, who 

<lb></lb>would abſolutely reply that they might; for that otherwiſe it 

<lb></lb>would have been ſuperfluous, and beſides the purpoſe to have pro­

<lb></lb>poſed to conſideration, that nature maketh the flexions, to the 

<lb></lb>end, the moveable may move with different motions; and that 

<lb></lb>therefore the terreſtrial Globe having no flexures, it cannot have 

<lb></lb>thoſe three motions which are aſcribed to it. </s><s>For if he had 

<lb></lb>thought, that neither by help of flexures, it could be rendered apt 

<lb></lb>for ſuch motions, he would have freely affirmed, that the Globe 

<lb></lb>could not move with three motions. </s><s>Now granting this, I intreat 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg462"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>you, and by you, if it were poſſible, that Philoſopher, Au­

<lb></lb>thor of the Argument, to be ſo courteous as to teach me in what 

<lb></lb>manner thoſe flexures ſhould be accommodated, ſo that thoſe 

<lb></lb>three motions might commodiouſly be excerciſed; and I grant you 

<lb></lb>four or ſix moneths time to think of an anſwer. </s><s>As to me, it ſeem­

<lb></lb>eth that one principle onely may cauſe a plurality of motions in 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg463"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the Terreſtrial Globe, juſt in the ſame manner that, as I told you 

<lb></lb>before, one onely principle with the help of various inſtruments 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/242.jpg" pagenum="234"></pb>produceth ſundry and divers motions in living creatures. </s><s>And as 

<lb></lb>to the flexures there is no need of them, the motions being of the 

<lb></lb>whole, and not of ſome particular parts; and becauſe they are 

<lb></lb>to be circular, the meer ſpherical figure is the moſt perfect articu­

<lb></lb>lation or flection that can be deſired.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg462"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is deſired to 

<lb></lb>know, by means of 

<lb></lb>what flexures and 

<lb></lb>joynts the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Terre­

<lb></lb>ſtrial Globe <emph type="italics"></emph>might 

<lb></lb>move with three 

<lb></lb>diverſe motions.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg463"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>One only princi­

<lb></lb>ple may cauſe a 

<lb></lb>plurality of moti­

<lb></lb>ons in the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The moſt that ought to be granted upon this, would be, 

<lb></lb>that it may hold true in one ſingle motion, but in three different 

<lb></lb>motions, in my opinion, and that of the Author, it is impoſſi­

<lb></lb>ble; as he going on, proſecuting the objection, writes in the fol­

<lb></lb>lowing words. <emph type="italics"></emph>Let us ſuppoſe, with<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Copernicus, <emph type="italics"></emph>that the Earth 

<lb></lb>moveth of its own faculty, and upon an intrinſick principle from 

<lb></lb>Weſt to Eaſt in the plane of the Ecliptick; and again, that it alſo 

<lb></lb>by an intrinſick principle revolveth about its centre, from Eaſt to 

<lb></lb>Weſt; and for a third motion, that it of its own inclination defle­

<lb></lb>cteth from North to South, and ſo back again.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> It being a conti­

<lb></lb>nuate body, and not knit together with joints and flections, our 

<lb></lb>fancy and our judgment will never be able to comprehend, that 

<lb></lb>one and the ſame natural and indiſtinct principle, that is, that 

<lb></lb>one and the ſame propenſion, ſhould actuate it at the ſame inſtant 

<lb></lb>with different, and as it were of contrary motions. </s><s>I cannot be­

<lb></lb>lieve that any one would ſay ſuch a thing, unleſſe he had under­

<lb></lb>took to maintain this poſition right or wrong.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Stay a little; and find me out this place in the Book. 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Fingamus modo cum Copernico terram aliqua ſuâ vi, &amp; ab indito 

<lb></lb>principio impelli ab Occaſu ad Ortum in Eclipticæ plano; tum rur­

<lb></lb>ſus revolvi ab indito etiam principio, circa ſuimet centrum, ab<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg464"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ortu in Occaſum; tertio deſlecti rurſus ſu opte nutu à ſeptentrio­

<lb></lb>ne in Auſtrum, &amp; viciſſim.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I had thought, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that 

<lb></lb>that you might have erred in reciting the words of the Au­

<lb></lb>thor, but now I ſee that he, and that very groſſely, decei­

<lb></lb>veth himſelf; and to my grief, I find that he hath ſet himſelf to 

<lb></lb>oppoſe a poſition, which he hath not well underſtood; for theſe 

<lb></lb>are not the motions which <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> aſſignes to the Earth. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Where doth he find that <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> maketh the annual motion 

<lb></lb>by the Ecliptick contrary to the motion about its own centre? </s><s>It 

<lb></lb>muſt needs be that he never read his Book, which in an hundred 

<lb></lb>places, and in the very firſt Chapters affirmeth thoſe motions to 

<lb></lb>be both towards the ſame parts, that is from Weſt to Eaſt. 

<lb></lb></s><s>But without others telling him, ought he not of himſelf to com­

<lb></lb>prehend, that attributing to the Earth the motions that are ta 

<lb></lb>ken, one of them from the Sun, and the other from the <emph type="italics"></emph>pri­

<lb></lb>mum wobile,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> they muſt of neceſſity both move one and the ſame 

<lb></lb>way.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg465"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg464"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A groſſe error 

<lb></lb>of the oppoſer of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Copernicus.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg465"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A ſubtil and 

<lb></lb>withal ſimple ar­

<lb></lb>gument againſt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Copernicus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Take heed that you do not erre your ſelf, and <emph type="italics"></emph>Coperni­

<lb></lb>cus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> alſo. </s><s>The Diurnal motion of the <emph type="italics"></emph>primum mobile,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is it not from 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/243.jpg" pagenum="235"></pb>Eaſt to Weſt? </s><s>And the annual motion of the Sun through the 

<lb></lb>Ecliptick, is it not on the contrary from Weſt to Eaſt? </s><s>How 

<lb></lb>then can you make theſe motions being conferred on the Earth, of 

<lb></lb>contraries to become conſiſtents?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Certainly, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath diſcovered to us the original 

<lb></lb>cauſe of error of this Philoſopher; and in all probability he 

<lb></lb>would have ſaid the very ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now if it be in our power, let us at leaſt recover 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from this errour, who ſeeing the Stars in their riſing 

<lb></lb>to appear above the Oriental Horizon, will make it no difficult 

<lb></lb>thing to underſtand, that in caſe that motion ſhould not belong </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg466"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>to the Stars, it would be neceſſary to confeſſe, that the Horizon, 

<lb></lb>with a contrary motion would go down; and that conſequently 

<lb></lb>the Earth would reoolve in it ſelf a contrary way to that where­

<lb></lb>with the Stars ſeem to move, that is from Weſt to Eaſt, which 

<lb></lb>is according to the order of the Signes of the Zodiack. </s><s>As, in the 

<lb></lb>next place, to the other motion, the Sun being fixed in the cen­

<lb></lb>tre of the Zodiack, and the Earth moveable about its circumfe­

<lb></lb>rence, to make the Sun ſeem unto us to move about the ſaid Zo­

<lb></lb>diack, according to the order of the Signes, it is neceſſary, that 

<lb></lb>the E arth move according to the ſame order, to the end that the 

<lb></lb>Sun may ſeem to us to poſſeſſe alwayes that degree in the Zodiack, 

<lb></lb>that is oppoſite to the degree in which we find the Earth; and thus 

<lb></lb>the Earth running, <emph type="italics"></emph>verbi gratia,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> through <emph type="italics"></emph>Aries,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the Sun will 

<lb></lb>appear to run thorow <emph type="italics"></emph>Libra<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and the Earth paſſing thorow the 

<lb></lb>ſigne <emph type="italics"></emph>Taurus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the Sun will paſſe thorow <emph type="italics"></emph>Scorpio,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and ſo the 

<lb></lb>Earth going thorow <emph type="italics"></emph>Gemini,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the Sun ſeemeth to go thorow <emph type="italics"></emph>Sa­

<lb></lb>gittarius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; but this is moving both the ſame way, that is accord­

<lb></lb>ing to the order of the ſignes; as alſo was the revolution of the 

<lb></lb>Earth about its own centre.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg466"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The error of the 

<lb></lb>Antagoniſt is ma­

<lb></lb>nifeſt, by decla­

<lb></lb>ring that the an­

<lb></lb>nual and diurnal 

<lb></lb>motions belonging 

<lb></lb>to the Earth are 

<lb></lb>both one way, and 

<lb></lb>not contrary.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I underſtand you very well, and know not what to al­

<lb></lb>ledge in excuſe of ſo groſſe an error.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And yet, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> there is one yet worſe then this; and 

<lb></lb>it is, that he makes the Earth move by the diurnal motion about 

<lb></lb>its own centre from Eaſt to Weſt; and perceives not that if this 

<lb></lb>were ſo, the motion of twenty four hours appropriated by him 

<lb></lb>to the Univerſe, would, in our ſeeming, proceed from Weſt to 

<lb></lb>Eaſt; the quite contrary to that which we behold.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Oh ſtrange! Why I, that have ſcarce ſeen the firſt 

<lb></lb>elements of the Sphere, would not, I am confident, have erred 

<lb></lb>ſo horribly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Judg now what pains this Antagoniſt may be thought 

<lb></lb>to have taken in the Books of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if he abſolutely invert 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg467"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the ſenſe of this grand and principal Hypotheſis, upon which is 

<lb></lb>founded the whole ſumme of thoſe things wherein <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/244.jpg" pagenum="236"></pb>diſſenteth from the doctrine of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> As again, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg468"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>to this third motion, which the Author aſſignes to the Terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe, as the judgment of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I know not which he would 

<lb></lb>mean thereby: it is not that queſtionleſſe, which <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> aſ­

<lb></lb>cribes unto it conjunctly with the other two, annual and diurnal, 

<lb></lb>which hath nothing to do with declining towards the South and 

<lb></lb>North; but onely ſerveth to keep the axis of the diurnal revoluti­

<lb></lb>on continually parallel to it ſelf; ſo that it muſt be confeſt, that 

<lb></lb>either the Authour did not underſtand this, or that elſe he diſſem­

<lb></lb>bled it. </s><s>But although this great miſtake ſufficeth to free us from 

<lb></lb>any obligation of a farther enquiry into his objections; yet ne­

<lb></lb>vertheleſſe I ſhall have them in eſteem; as indeed they deſerve to 

<lb></lb>be valued much before the many others of impertinent Antago­

<lb></lb>niſts. </s><s>Returning therefore to his objection, I ſay, that the two 

<lb></lb>motions, annual and diurnal, are not in the leaſt contrary, nay are 

<lb></lb>towards the ſame way, and therefore may depend on one and the 

<lb></lb>ſame principle. </s><s>The third is of it ſelf, and voluntarily ſo conſequen­

<lb></lb>tial to the annual, that we need not trouble our ſelves (as I ſhall 

<lb></lb>ſhew in its place) to ſtudy for principles either internal or external, 

<lb></lb>from which, as from its cauſe, to make it produced.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg467"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>By another groſs

<lb></lb>error it is ſeen that 

<lb></lb>the Antagoniſt had 

<lb></lb>but little ſtudied<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Copernicus.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg468"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is queſtioned, 

<lb></lb>whether the oppo­

<lb></lb>nent underſtood 

<lb></lb>the third motion 

<lb></lb>aſſigned to the 

<lb></lb>Earth by<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Coperni­

<lb></lb>cus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I ſhall alſo, as being induced thereto by natural reaſon, 

<lb></lb>ſay ſomething to this Antagoniſt. </s><s>He will condemn <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>unleſſe I be able to anſwer him to all objections, and to ſatisfie 

<lb></lb>him in all queſtions he ſhall ask; as if my ignorance were a neceſ­

<lb></lb>ſary argument of the falſhood of his Doctrine. </s><s>But if this way of 

<lb></lb>condemning Writers be in his judgment legal, he ought not to 

<lb></lb>think it unreaſonable, if I ſhould not approve of <emph type="italics"></emph>Arîſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Pto­

<lb></lb>lomy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> when he cannot reſolve, better than my ſelf, thoſe doubts 

<lb></lb>which I propound to him, touching their Doctrine. </s><s>He asketh me, 

<lb></lb>what are the principles by which the Terreſtrial Globe is moved 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg469"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>with the Annual motion through the Zodiack, and with the Diur­

<lb></lb>nal through the Equinoctial about its own axis. </s><s>I anſwer, that 

<lb></lb>they are like to thoſe by which <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is moved about the Zodi­

<lb></lb>ack in thirty years, and about its own centre in a much ſhorter 

<lb></lb>time along the Equinoctial, as the collateral apparition and oc­

<lb></lb>cultation of its Globes doth evince. </s><s>They are principles like to 

<lb></lb>thoſe, whereby he ſcrupleth not to grant, that the Sun runneth tho­

<lb></lb>row the Ecliptick in a year, and revolveth about its own centre 

<lb></lb>parallel to the Equinoctial in leſſe than a moneth, as its ſpots doth 

<lb></lb>ſenſibly demonſtrate. </s><s>They are things like to thoſe whereby the 

<lb></lb>Medicean Stars run through the Zodiack in twelve years, and 

<lb></lb>all the while revolve in ſmall circles, and ſhort periods of time a­

<lb></lb>bout <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg469"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſame argu­

<lb></lb>ment anſwered by 

<lb></lb>examples of the 

<lb></lb>like motions in o­

<lb></lb>ther cœleſtial bo­

<lb></lb>dies.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This Author will deny all theſe things, as deluſions of 

<lb></lb>the fight, cauſed by the cryſtals of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Teleſcope.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/245.jpg" pagenum="237"></pb><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But this would be to draw a further inconvenience up­

<lb></lb>on himſelf, in that he holdeth, that the bare eye cannot be decei­

<lb></lb>ved in judging of the right motion of deſcending graves, and yet 

<lb></lb>holds that it is deceived in beholding theſe other motions at ſuch 

<lb></lb>time as its viſive vertue is perfected, and augmented to thirty times 

<lb></lb>as much as it was before. </s><s>We tell him therefore, that the Earth in 

<lb></lb>like manner partaketh of the plurality of motions: and it is per­

<lb></lb>haps the ſame, whereby the Loadſtone hath its motion down­

<lb></lb>wards, as grave, and two circular motions, one Horizontal, and the 

<lb></lb>other Vertical under the Meridian. </s><s>But what more; tell me, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sim­

<lb></lb>plicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> between which do you think this Author would put a 

<lb></lb>greater difference, &#039;twixt right and circular motion, or &#039;twixt moti­

<lb></lb>on and reſt?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. &#039;Twixt motion and reſt, certainly. </s><s>And this is mani­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg470"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>feſt, for that circular motion is not contrary to the right, according 

<lb></lb>to <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; nay, he granteth that they may mix with each o­

<lb></lb>ther; which it is impoſſible for motion and reſt to do.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg470"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Motion and reſt 

<lb></lb>are more different 

<lb></lb>than right motion 

<lb></lb>and circular.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Therefore its a propoſition leſſe improbable to place 

<lb></lb>in one natural body two internal principles, one to right motion, 

<lb></lb>and the other to circular, than two ſuch interne principles one to 

<lb></lb>motion, and the other to reſt. </s><s>Now both theſe poſitions agree to 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg471"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the natural inclination that reſideth in the parts of the Earth to re­

<lb></lb>turn to their whole, when by violence they are divided from it; 

<lb></lb>and they onely diſſent in the operation of the whole: for the lat­

<lb></lb>ter of them will have it by an interne principle to ſtand ſtill, and 

<lb></lb>the former aſcribeth to it the circular motion. </s><s>But by your con­

<lb></lb>ceſſion, and the confeſſion of this Philoſopher, two principles, one 

<lb></lb>to motion, and the other to reſt, are incompatible together, like as 

<lb></lb>their effects are incompatible: but now this evenes not in the two 

<lb></lb>motions, right, and circular, which have no repugnance to each 

<lb></lb>other.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg471"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>One may more 

<lb></lb>rationally aſcribe 

<lb></lb>to the Earth two 

<lb></lb>internal principles 

<lb></lb>to the right, and 

<lb></lb>circular motion, 

<lb></lb>than two to motion 

<lb></lb>and reſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Adde this more, that in all probability it may be that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg472"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the motion, that the part of the Earth ſeparated doth make whilſt 

<lb></lb>it returneth towards its whole, is alſo circular, as hath been alrea­

<lb></lb>dy declared; ſo that in all reſpects, as far as concernes the preſent 

<lb></lb>caſe, Mobility ſeemeth more likely than Reſt. </s><s>Now proceed, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to what remains.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg472"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motion of 

<lb></lb>the parts of the 

<lb></lb>Earth returning to 

<lb></lb>their whole may be 

<lb></lb>circular.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The Authour backs his Argument with producing ano­

<lb></lb>ther abſurdity, that is, that the ſame motions agree to Natures ex­

<lb></lb>treamly different; but experience ſheweth, that the operations 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg473"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>and motions of different natures, are different; and Reaſon con­

<lb></lb>firmeth the ſame: for otherwiſe we ſhould have no way left to 

<lb></lb>know and diſtinguiſh of natures, if they ſhould not have their 

<lb></lb>particular motions and operations, that might guide us to the 

<lb></lb>knowledge of their ſubſtances.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/246.jpg" pagenum="238"></pb><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg473"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The diverſity of 

<lb></lb>motions helpeth us 

<lb></lb>in knowing the di­

<lb></lb>verſity of natures.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I have twice or thrice obſerved in the diſcourſes of this 

<lb></lb>Authour, that to prove that a thing is ſo, or ſo, he ſtill alledgeth, 

<lb></lb>that in that manner it is conformable with our underſtanding; or 

<lb></lb>that otherwiſe we ſhould never be able to conceive of it; or that 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Criterium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of Philoſophy would be overthrown. </s><s>As if that na­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg474"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ture had firſt made mens brains, and then diſpoſed all things in 

<lb></lb>conformity to the capacity of their intellects. </s><s>But I incline rather 

<lb></lb>to think that Nature firſt made the things themſelves, as ſhe beſt 

<lb></lb>liked, and afterwards framed the reaſon of men capable of con­

<lb></lb>ceiving (though not without great pains) ſome part of her ſe­

<lb></lb>crets.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg474"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Nature firſt 

<lb></lb>made things as ſhe 

<lb></lb>pleaſed, and after­

<lb></lb>wards capacitated 

<lb></lb>mens underſtand­

<lb></lb>ings for conceiving 

<lb></lb>of them.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am of the ſame opinion. </s><s>But tell me, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>which are theſe different natures, to which, contrary to expe­

<lb></lb>rience and reaſon, <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> aſſignes the ſame motions and ope­

<lb></lb>rations.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>They are theſe. </s><s>The Water, the Air, (which doubt­

<lb></lb>leſſe are Natures different from the Earth) and all things that 

<lb></lb>are in thoſe elements compriſed, ſhall each of them have thoſe 

<lb></lb>three motions, which <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> pretends to be in the Terreſtriall 

<lb></lb>Globe; and my Authour proceedeth to demonſtrate Geometri­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg475"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>cally, that, according to the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Doctrine, a cloud that is 

<lb></lb>ſuſpended in the Air, and that hangeth a long time over our 

<lb></lb>heads without changing place, muſt of neceſſity have all thoſe three 

<lb></lb>motions that belong to the Terreſtrial Globe. </s><s>The demonſtra­

<lb></lb>tion is this, which you may read your ſelf, for I cannot repeat it 

<lb></lb>without book.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg475"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"></emph>er­

<lb></lb>roneouſly aſſigneth 

<lb></lb>the ſame operations 

<lb></lb>to different natures<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I ſhall not ſtand reading of it, nay I think it an imper­

<lb></lb>tinency in him to have inſerted it, for I am certain, that no 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will deny the ſame. </s><s>Therefore admitting him what he 

<lb></lb>would demonſtrate, let us ſpeak to the objection, which in my 

<lb></lb>judgment hath no great ſtrength to conclude any thing contrary 

<lb></lb>to the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican Hypotheſis,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſeeing that it derogates nothing from 

<lb></lb>thoſe motions, and thoſe operations, whereby we come to the 

<lb></lb>knowledge of the natures, &amp;c. </s><s>Anſwer me, I pray you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplici­

<lb></lb>us:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Thoſe accidents wherein ſome things exactly concur, can 

<lb></lb>they ſerve to inform us of the different natures of thoſe things?

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg476"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg476"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>From commune 

<lb></lb>accidents one can­

<lb></lb>not know different 

<lb></lb>natures.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>No Sir: nay rather the contrary, for from the idendity 

<lb></lb>of operations and of accidents nothing can be inferred, but an 

<lb></lb>idendity of natures.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that the different natures of the Water, Earth, Air, 

<lb></lb>and other things conteined in theſe Elements, is not by you argu­

<lb></lb>ed from thoſe operations, wherein all theſe Elements and their af­

<lb></lb>fixes agree, but from other operations; is it ſo?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The very ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that he who ſhould leave in the Elements all thoſe 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/247.jpg" pagenum="239"></pb>motions, operations, and other accidents, by which their natures 

<lb></lb>are diſtinguiſhed, would not deprive us of the power of coming 

<lb></lb>to the knowledge of them; although he ſhould remove thoſe o­

<lb></lb>perations, in which they unitedly concur, and which for that reaſon 

<lb></lb>are of no uſe for the diſtinguiſhing of thoſe natures.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think your diſſertation to be very good.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But that the Earth, Water, Air, are of a nature equally 

<lb></lb>conſtituted immoveable about the centre, is it not the opinion of 

<lb></lb>your ſelf, <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle, Prolomy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and all their ſectators?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Its on all hands granted as an undeniable truth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then from this common natural condition of quieſ­

<lb></lb>cence about the centre, there is no argument drawn of the different 

<lb></lb>natures of theſe Elements, and things elementary, but that 

<lb></lb>knowledge muſt be collected from other qualities not common; 

<lb></lb>and therefore whoſo ſhould deprive the Elements of this common 

<lb></lb>reſt only, and ſhould leave unto them all their other operations, 

<lb></lb>would not in the leaſt block up the way that leadeth to the know­

<lb></lb>ledge of their eſſences. </s><s>But <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> depriveth them onely of 

<lb></lb>this common reſt, and changeth the ſame into a common motion, 

<lb></lb>leaving them gravity, levity, the motions upwards, downwards, </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg477"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſlower, faſter, rarity, denſity, the qualities of hot, cold, dry, moiſt, 

<lb></lb>and in a word, all things beſides. </s><s>Therefore ſuch an abſurdity, as 

<lb></lb>this Authour imagineth to himſelf, is no <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> poſition; nor 

<lb></lb>doth the concurrence in an identity of motion import any more or 

<lb></lb>leſs, than the concurrence in an identity of reſt about the diverſi­

<lb></lb>fying, or not diverſifying of natures. </s><s>Now tell us, if there be any 

<lb></lb>argument to the contrary.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg477"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The concurrence 

<lb></lb>of the Elements in 

<lb></lb>a common motion 

<lb></lb>importeth no more 

<lb></lb>or leſſe, than their 

<lb></lb>concurrence in a 

<lb></lb>common reſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There followeth a fourth objection, taken from a natu­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg478"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ral obſervation, which is, <emph type="italics"></emph>That bodies of the ſame kind, have mo­

<lb></lb>tions that agree in kinde, or elſe they agree in reſt. </s><s>But by the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Co­

<lb></lb>pernican Hypotheſis, <emph type="italics"></emph>bodies that agree in kinde, and are moſt ſem-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg479"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>blable to one another, would be very diſcrepant, yea diametrically 

<lb></lb>repugnant as to motion; for that Stars ſo like to one another, would 

<lb></lb>be nevertheleſſe ſo unlike in motion, as that ſix Planets would perpe­

<lb></lb>tually turn round; but the Sun and all the fixeed Stars would ſtand 

<lb></lb>perpetually immoveable.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg478"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A fourth argu­

<lb></lb>ment againſt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Co­

<lb></lb>pernicus.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg479"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Bodies of the 

<lb></lb>ſame kinde have 

<lb></lb>motions that agree 

<lb></lb>in kinde.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The forme of the argument appeareth good; but yet 

<lb></lb>I believe that the application or matter is defective: and if the 

<lb></lb>Authour will but perſiſt in his aſſumption, the conſequence ſhall 

<lb></lb>make directly againſt him. </s><s>The Argument runs thus; Amongſt 

<lb></lb>mundane bodies, ſix there are that do perpetually move, and they 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg480"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>are the ſix Planets; of the reſt, that is, of the Earth, Sun, and 

<lb></lb>fixed Stars, it is diſputable which of them moveth, and which 

<lb></lb>ſtands ſtill, it being neceſſary, that if the Earth ſtand ſtill, the Sun 

<lb></lb>and ſixed Stars do move; and it being alſo poſſible, that the Sun 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/248.jpg" pagenum="240"></pb>and fixed Stars may ſtand immoveable, in caſe the Earth ſhould 

<lb></lb>move: the matter of fact in diſpute is, to which of them we may 

<lb></lb>with moſt convenience aſcribe motion, and to which reſt. </s><s>Natural 

<lb></lb>reaſon dictates, that motion ought to be aſſigned to the bodies, 

<lb></lb>which in kind and eſſence moſt agree with thoſe bodies which do 

<lb></lb>undoubtedly move, and reſt to thoſe which moſt diſſent from them; 

<lb></lb>and in regard that an eternal reſt and perpetual motion are moſt 

<lb></lb>different, it is manifeſt, that the nature of the body always move­

<lb></lb>able ought to be moſt different from the body alwayes ſtable. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Therefore, in regard that we are dubious of motion and reſt, 

<lb></lb>let us enquire, whether by the help of ſome other eminent affecti­

<lb></lb>on, we may diſcover, which moſt agreeth with the bodies certain­

<lb></lb>ly moveable, either the Earth, or the Sun and fixed Stars. </s><s>But ſee 

<lb></lb>how Nature, in favour of our neceſſity and deſire, preſents us 

<lb></lb>with two eminent qualities, and no leſs different than motion and 

<lb></lb>reſt, and they are light and darkneſs, to wit, the being by nature 

<lb></lb>moſt bright, and the being obſcure, and wholly deprived of light: 

<lb></lb>the bodies therefore adorned with an internal and eternal ſplen­

<lb></lb>dour, are moſt different in eſſence from thoſe deprived of light: 

<lb></lb>The Earth is deprived of light, the Sun is moſt ſplendid in it ſelf, 

<lb></lb>and ſo are the fixed Stars. </s><s>The ſix Planets do abſolutely 

<lb></lb>want light, as the Earth; therefore their eſſence agreeth with 

<lb></lb>the Earth, and differeth from the Sun and fixed Stars. </s><s>There­

<lb></lb>fore is the Earth moveable, immoveable the Sunne and Starry 

<lb></lb>Sphere.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg480"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>From the Earths 

<lb></lb>obſcurity, and the 

<lb></lb>ſplendour of the 

<lb></lb>Sun, and fixed 

<lb></lb>Stars, is argued, 

<lb></lb>that it is movea­

<lb></lb>ble, and they im­

<lb></lb>moveable.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But the Authour will not grant, that the ſix Planets are 

<lb></lb>tenebroſe, and by that negative will he abide. </s><s>Or he will argue 

<lb></lb>the great conformity of nature between the ſix Planets, and the 

<lb></lb>Sun, and Fixed Stars; and the diſparity between them and the 

<lb></lb>Earth from other conditions than from tenebroſity and light; yea, 

<lb></lb>now I remember in the fifth objection, which followeth, he layeth 

<lb></lb>down the vaſt difference between the Earth and the Cœleſtial 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg481"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Bodies, in which he writeth, <emph type="italics"></emph>That the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Copernican Hypotheſis 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>would make great confuſion and perturbation in the Syſteme of the 

<lb></lb>Vniverſe, and amongst its parts:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> As for inſtance, amongſt Cœ­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg482"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>bodies that are immutable and incorruptible, according to <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſto­

<lb></lb>tle, Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and others; amongſt bodies, I ſay, of ſuch nobility, by 

<lb></lb>the confeſſion of every one, and <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf, who affirmeth 

<lb></lb>them to be ordinate, and diſpoſed in a perfect conſtitution, and 

<lb></lb>removeth from them all inconſtancy of vertue amongſt, theſe bo­

<lb></lb>dies, I ſay once more, ſo pure, that is to ſay, amongſt <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus, Mars, 

<lb></lb>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to place the very ſink of all corruptible matters, to wit, the 

<lb></lb>Earth, Water, Air, and all mixt bodies.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg481"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A fifih argu­

<lb></lb>ment againſt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Co­

<lb></lb>pernicus.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg482"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Another diffe­

<lb></lb>rence between the 

<lb></lb>Earth and the Cœ­

<lb></lb>leſtial bodies, ta­

<lb></lb>ken from purity &amp; 

<lb></lb>impurity.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>But how much properer a diſtribution, and more with nature, 

<lb></lb>yea with God himſelf, the Architect, is it, to ſequeſter the pure 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/249.jpg" pagenum="241"></pb>from the impure, the mortal from the immortal, as other Schools 

<lb></lb>teach; which tell us that theſe impure and frail matters are con­

<lb></lb>teined within the anguſt concave of the Lunar Orb, above which 

<lb></lb>with uninterrupted Series the things Celeſtial diſtend themſelves.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. It&#039;s true that the Copernican Syſteme introduceth di­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg483"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſtraction in the univerſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; but we ſpeak of our own 

<lb></lb>Univerſe, that is true and real. </s><s>Again if this Author will infer 

<lb></lb>the diſparity of eſſence between the Earth and Celeſtial bodies 

<lb></lb>from the incorruptibility of them, and the corruptibility of it in 

<lb></lb>the method of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from which diſparity he concludeth mo­

<lb></lb>tion to belong to the Sun and fixed Stars, and the immobility of 

<lb></lb>the Earth, he will flatter himſelf with a Paralogiſme, ſuppoſing 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg484"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that which is in queſtion; for <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> inferreth the incorruptibi­

<lb></lb>lity of Celeſtial bodies from motion, which is in diſpute, whe­

<lb></lb>ther it belongeth to them or to the Earth. </s><s>Of the vanity of theſe 

<lb></lb>Rhetorical Illations enough hath been ſpoken. </s><s>And what can be 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg485"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>more fond, than to ſay, that the Earth and Elements are bani­

<lb></lb>ſhed and ſequeſtred from the Celeſtial Spheres, and confined 

<lb></lb>within the Lunar Orb? </s><s>Is, not then the Moons Orb one of the 

<lb></lb>Celeſtial Spheres, and according to conſent compriſed in the 

<lb></lb>middle of all the reſt? </s><s>Its a new way to ſeparate the pure from 

<lb></lb>the impure, and the ſick from the ſound, to aſſigne the infected 

<lb></lb>quarters in the heart of the City: I had thought that the ^{*} Peſt­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg486"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>houſe ought to have been removed as far off as was poſſible. 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> admireth the diſpoſition of the parts of the Univerſe, 

<lb></lb>for that God hath conſtituted the grand Lamp, which is to give 

<lb></lb>light all over his Temple in the centre of it, and not on one 

<lb></lb>ſide. </s><s>And as to the Earths being betwixt <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>we will but hint the ſame; and do you, in favour of this Author, 

<lb></lb>trie to remove it thence. </s><s>But let us not ^{*} mix theſe Rhetorical 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg487"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Flowers with ſolid Demonſtrations, rather let us leave them to 

<lb></lb>the Orators, or if you will to the Poets, who know how in their 

<lb></lb>drolling way to exalt by their prayſes things moſt ſordid, yea and 

<lb></lb>ſometimes moſt pernicious. </s><s>And if any thing elſe remain, let us 

<lb></lb>diſpatch it, as we have done the reſt.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg483"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"></emph>in 

<lb></lb>troduceth confuſion 

<lb></lb>in the Univerſe of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Ariſtotle.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg484"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Paralogiſme 

<lb></lb>of the Author of 

<lb></lb>Anti-Tycho.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg485"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It ſeemeth a 

<lb></lb>folly to affirm the 

<lb></lb>Earth to be with­

<lb></lb>out the Heavens.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg486"></margin.target>* Lazeretto</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg487"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"></emph>Intrecciare,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to 

<lb></lb>twine flowers in a 

<lb></lb>garland.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There is the ſixth and laſt argument, wherein he ma­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg488"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>keth it a very improbale thing. [<emph type="italics"></emph>That a corruptible and diſſipable 

<lb></lb>body ſhould move with a perpetual and regular motion; and this 

<lb></lb>he confirmeth with the example of living creatures, which moving 

<lb></lb>with a motion natural to them, yet grow weary, and have need of 

<lb></lb>repoſe to reſtore their ſtrength.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>] But what hath this motion to do 

<lb></lb>with that of the Earth, that in compariſon to theirs is immenſe? 

<lb></lb></s><s>Beſides, to make it move with three motions that run and draw 

<lb></lb>ſeveral wayes: Who would ever aſſert ſuch Paradoxes, unleſſe 

<lb></lb>he had ſworn to be their defender? </s><s>Nor doth that avail in this 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/250.jpg" pagenum="242"></pb>caſe, which <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> alledgeth, that by reaſon this motion is 

<lb></lb>natural to the Earth and not violent, it worketh contrary effects 

<lb></lb>to violent motions; and that thoſe things diſſolve and cannot 

<lb></lb>long ſubſiſt, to which impulſe is conferred, but thoſe ſo made 

<lb></lb>by nature do continue in their perfect diſpoſure; this anſwer ſuf­

<lb></lb>ficeth not, I ſay, for it is overthrown by that of ours. </s><s>For the a­

<lb></lb>nimal is a natural body, and not made by art, and its motion is 

<lb></lb>natural, deriving it ſelf from the ſoul, that is, from an intrinſick 

<lb></lb>principle; and that motion is violent, whoſe beginning is with­

<lb></lb>out, and on which the thing moved conferreth nothing; how­

<lb></lb>ever, if the animal continueth its motion any long time, it grows 

<lb></lb>weary, and alſo dyeth, if it obſtinately ſtrive to perſiſt therein. 

<lb></lb></s><s>You ſee then that in nature we meet on all ſides with notions con­

<lb></lb>trary to the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican Hypotheſis,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and none in favour of it. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>for that I have nothing more wherein to take the part of this Op­

<lb></lb>ponent, hear what he produceth againſt <emph type="italics"></emph>Keplerus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (with whom 

<lb></lb>he diſputeth) upon that argument, which the ſaid <emph type="italics"></emph>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> bringeth 

<lb></lb>againſt thoſe who think it an inconvenient, nay impoſſible thing, 

<lb></lb>to augment the Starry Sphere immenſely, as the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Hy­

<lb></lb>potheſis requireth. <emph type="italics"></emph>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> therefore inſtanceth, ſaying: <emph type="italics"></emph>Difficili­

<lb></lb>us ect, accidens præter modulum ſubjecti intendere, quàm ſub-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg489"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>jectum ſine accidente augere. </s><s>Copernicus ergo veriſimilius facit, 

<lb></lb>qui auget Orbem Stellarum fixarum abſque motu, quam Ptolomæus, 

<lb></lb>qui auget motum fixarum immenſà velocitate.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> [Which makes this 

<lb></lb>Engliſh.] Its harder to ſtretch the accident beyond the model of the 

<lb></lb>ſubject than to augment the ſubject without the accident. <emph type="italics"></emph>Coperni-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>hath more probability on his ſide, who encreaſeth the Orb of the 

<lb></lb>fixed Stars without motion, than <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who augmenteth the 

<lb></lb>motion of the fixed Stars to an immenſe degree of velocity. 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg490"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Which objection the Author anſwereth, wondering how much 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> deceived himſelf, in ſaying, that in the Ptolomaick Hypothe­

<lb></lb>ſis the motion encreaſeth beyond the model of the ſubject, for in 

<lb></lb>his judgment it doth not encreaſe, ſave onely in conformity to the 

<lb></lb>model, and that according to its encreaſement, the velocity of 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg491"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the motion is augmented. </s><s>Which he proveth by ſuppoſing a ma­

<lb></lb>chine to be framed, that maketh one revolution in twenty four 

<lb></lb>hours, which motion ſhall be called moſt ſlow; afterwards ſup­

<lb></lb>poſing its ſemidiameter to be prolonged, as far as to the diſtance 

<lb></lb>of the Sun, its extreme will equal the velocity of the Sun; and 

<lb></lb>it being cantinued out unto the Starry Sphere, it will equal the 

<lb></lb>velocity of the fixed Stars, though in the circumferrnce of the 

<lb></lb>machine it be very ſlow. </s><s>Now applying this conſideration of the 

<lb></lb>machine to the Starry Sphere, let us imagine any point in its ſe­

<lb></lb>midiameter, as neer to the centre as is the ſemidiameter of the ma­

<lb></lb>chine; the ſame motion that in the Starry Sphere is exceeding 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/251.jpg" pagenum="243"></pb>ſwift, ſhall in that point be exceeding ſlow; But the great mag­

<lb></lb>nitude of the body is that which maketh it of exceeding ſlow, to 

<lb></lb>become exceeding ſwift, although it continueth ſtill the ſame, and 

<lb></lb>thus the velocity encreaſeth, not beyond the model of the ſub­

<lb></lb>ject, but rather according to it, and to its magnitude; very dif­

<lb></lb>ferently from the imagination of <emph type="italics"></emph>Kepler.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg488"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A ſixth argu­

<lb></lb>ment againſt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Co­

<lb></lb>pernicus, <emph type="italics"></emph>taken 

<lb></lb>from animals, who 

<lb></lb>have need of reſt,

<lb></lb>though their moli­

<lb></lb>on be natural.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg489"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An argument 

<lb></lb>from<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Kepler <emph type="italics"></emph>in fa­

<lb></lb>vour of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Coperni­

<lb></lb>cus.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg490"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Author of 

<lb></lb>the Anti Tycho op­

<lb></lb>poſeth<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Kepler.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg491"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The velocity of 

<lb></lb>the circular moti­

<lb></lb>on increaſeth, ac­

<lb></lb>cording to the en­

<lb></lb>creaſe of the dia­

<lb></lb>meter of the circle.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I do not believe that this Author hath entertained ſo 

<lb></lb>mean and poor a conceit of <emph type="italics"></emph>Kepler,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as to perſwade himſelf that 

<lb></lb>he did not underſtand, that the higheſt term of a line drawn from 

<lb></lb>the centre unro the Starry Sphere, moveth more ſwiftly than a 

<lb></lb>point of the ſame line taken within a yard or two of the centre. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>therefore of neceſſity he muſt have conceived and comprehend­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg492"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ed that the mind and intention of <emph type="italics"></emph>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> was to have ſaid, that 

<lb></lb>it is leſſe inconvenient to encreaſe an immoveable body to an ex­

<lb></lb>traordinary magnitude, than to aſcribe an extraordinary velocity 

<lb></lb>to a body, though very bigge, having regard to the model, 

<lb></lb>that is to the gauge, and to the example of other natural bodies; 

<lb></lb>in which we ſee, that the diſtance from the centre encreaſing, the 

<lb></lb>velocity diminiſheth; that is, that the periods of their circulati­

<lb></lb>ons take up longer times. </s><s>But in reſt which is not capable of aug­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg493"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>mentation or diminution, the grandure or ſmalneſſe of the body 

<lb></lb>maketh no differeuce. </s><s>So that if the anſwer of the Author would 

<lb></lb>be directed againſt the argument of <emph type="italics"></emph>Kepler,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it is neceſſary, that 

<lb></lb>that Author doth hold, that to the movent principle its one and the 

<lb></lb>ſame to move in the ſame time a body very ſmall, or very im­

<lb></lb>menſe, in regard that the augmentation of velocity inſeparably 

<lb></lb>attends the augmentation of the maſſe. </s><s>But this again is contrary 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg494"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>to the Architectonical rule of nature, which doth in the leſſer 

<lb></lb>Spheres, as we ſee in the Planets, and moſt ſenſibly in the Medi­

<lb></lb>cean Stars, obſerve to make the leſſer Orbs to circulate in ſhorter 

<lb></lb>times: Whence the time of <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturns<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> revolution is longer than all 

<lb></lb>the times of the other leſſer Spheres, it being thirty years; now 

<lb></lb>the paſſing from this to a Sphere very much bigger, and to make 

<lb></lb>it move in 24. hours, may very well be ſaid to exceed the rules of 

<lb></lb>the model. </s><s>So that if we would but attentively conſider it, the 

<lb></lb>Authors anſwer oppoſeth not the intent and ſenſe of the argument, 

<lb></lb>but the expreſſing and manner of delivering of it; where again 

<lb></lb>the Author is injurious, and cannot deny but that he artificially 

<lb></lb>diſſembled his underſtanding of the words, that he might charge 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with groſſe ignorance; but the impoſture was ſo very dull 

<lb></lb>and obvions, that he could not with all his craft alter the opini­

<lb></lb>on which <emph type="italics"></emph>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath begot of his Doctrine in the minds of all 

<lb></lb>the Learned. </s><s>As in the next place, to the inſtance againſt the 

<lb></lb>perpetual motion of the Earth, taken from the impoſſibility of 

<lb></lb>its moving long without wearineſſe, in regard that living crea­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/252.jpg" pagenum="244"></pb>tures themſelves, which yet move naturally, and from an intern 

<lb></lb>principle, do grow weary, and have need of reſt to relax and re­

<lb></lb>freſh their members --------</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg492"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An explanation 

<lb></lb>of the true ſenſe of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Kepler <emph type="italics"></emph>and his de­

<lb></lb>fence.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg493"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The greatneſſe 

<lb></lb>and ſmalneſſe of 

<lb></lb>the body make a 

<lb></lb>difference in moti­

<lb></lb>on and not in reſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg494"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The order of na­

<lb></lb>ture is to make the 

<lb></lb>leſſer Orbs to cir­

<lb></lb>culate in ſhorter 

<lb></lb>times, and the big­

<lb></lb>ger in longer times.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Methinks I hear <emph type="italics"></emph>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> anſwer him to that, that 

<lb></lb>there are ſome kinde of animals which refreſh themſelves after 

<lb></lb>wearineſſe, by rowling on the Earth; and that therefore there 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg495"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>is no need to fear that the Terreſtrial Globe ſhould tire, nay it 

<lb></lb>may be reaſonably affirmed, that it enjoyeth a perpetual &amp; moſt 

<lb></lb>tranquil repoſe, keeping it ſelf in an eternal rowling.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg495"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The feigned an­

<lb></lb>ſwer of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Kepler <emph type="italics"></emph>co­

<lb></lb>vered with an ar­

<lb></lb>tificial Irony.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You are too tart and Satyrical, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but let us 

<lb></lb>lay aſide jeſts, whilſt we are treating of ſerious things.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Excuſe me, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> this that I ſay is not ſo abſo­

<lb></lb>lutely beſides the buſineſs, as you perhaps make it; for a motion 

<lb></lb>that ſerveth inſtead of reſt, and removeth wearineſs from a body 

<lb></lb>tired with travail, may much more eaſily ſerve to prevent the co­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg496"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ming of that wearineſs, like as preventive remedies are more eaſie 

<lb></lb>than curative. </s><s>And I hold for certain, that if the motion of ani­

<lb></lb>mals ſhould proceed in the ſame manner as this that is aſcribed to 

<lb></lb>the Earth, they would never grow weary; Seeing that the weari­

<lb></lb>neſs of the living creature, deriveth it ſelf, in my opinion, from 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg497"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the imployment of but one part alone in the moving of its ſelf, 

<lb></lb>and all the reſt of the body; as <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in walking, the thighs and 

<lb></lb>the legs onely are imployed for carrying themſelves and all the 

<lb></lb>reſt: on the contrary, you ſee the motion of the heart to be as it 

<lb></lb>were indefatigable, becauſe it moveth it ſelf alone. </s><s>Beſides, I 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg498"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>know not how true it may be, that the motion of the animal is na­

<lb></lb>tural, and not rather violent: nay, I believe that one may truly 

<lb></lb>ſay, that the ſoul naturally moveth the members of an animal with 

<lb></lb>a motion preternatural, for if the motion upwards is preternatu­

<lb></lb>ral to grave bodies, the lifting up of the legs, and the thighs, 

<lb></lb>which are grave bodies, in walking, cannot be done without vio­

<lb></lb>lence, and therefore not without labour to the mover. </s><s>The 

<lb></lb>climbing upwards by a ladder carrieth the grave body contrary to 

<lb></lb>its natural inclination upwards, from whence followeth wearineſs, 

<lb></lb>by reaſon of the bodies natural averſneſs to that motion: but in 

<lb></lb>moving a moveable with a motion, to which it hath no averſion, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg499"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>what laſſitude, what diminution of vertue and ſtrength need we 

<lb></lb>fear in the mover? </s><s>and how ſhould the forces waſte, where they 

<lb></lb>are not at all imployed?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg496"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Animals would 

<lb></lb>not grow weary of 

<lb></lb>their motion, pro­

<lb></lb>ceeding as that 

<lb></lb>which is aſſigned 

<lb></lb>to the terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg497"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The cauſe of the 

<lb></lb>wearineſſe of ani­

<lb></lb>mals.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg498"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motion of 

<lb></lb>an animal is rather 

<lb></lb>to be called violent 

<lb></lb>than natural.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg499"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſtrength di­

<lb></lb>miniſheth not, 

<lb></lb>where it is not im­

<lb></lb>ployed.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>They are the contrary motions wherewith the Earth is 

<lb></lb>pretended to move, againſt which the Authour produceth his ar­

<lb></lb>gument.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It hath been ſaid already, that they are no wiſe con­

<lb></lb>traries, and that herein the Authour is extteamly deceived, ſo 

<lb></lb>that the whole ſtrength of the argument recoileth upon the Op­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/253.jpg" pagenum="245"></pb>ponent himſelf, whilſt he will make the <emph type="italics"></emph>Firſt Mover<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to hurry 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg500"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>along with it all the inferiour Spheres, contrary to the motion 

<lb></lb>which they themſelves at the ſame time exerciſe. </s><s>It belongs there­

<lb></lb>fore to the <emph type="italics"></emph>Primum Mobile<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to grow weary, which beſides the 

<lb></lb>moving of its ſelf is made to carry ſo many other Spheres, and 

<lb></lb>which alſo ſtrive againſt it with a contrary motion. </s><s>So that 

<lb></lb>the ultimate concluſion that the Authour inferred, ſaying, that 

<lb></lb>diſcourſing of the effects of Nature, a man alwayes meets with 

<lb></lb>things that favour the opinion of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtoile<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and ne­

<lb></lb>ver any one that doth not interfer with <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſtands in need 

<lb></lb>of great conſideration; and it is better to ſay, that one of theſe 

<lb></lb>two <emph type="italics"></emph>Hypotheſes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> being true, and the other neceſſarily falſe, it is 

<lb></lb>impoſſible that a man ſhould ever be able to finde any argu­

<lb></lb>ment, experience, or right reaſon, in favour of that which is 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg501"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>falſe, like as to the truth none of theſe things can be repugnant. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Vaſt difference, therefore, muſt needs be found between the rea­

<lb></lb>ſons and arguments produced by the one and other party, for and 

<lb></lb>againſt theſe two opinions, the force of which I leave you your 

<lb></lb>ſelf to judge of, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg500"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The argument 

<lb></lb>of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Claramontius 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>recoileth upon him­

<lb></lb>ſelf.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg501"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>True Propoſiti­

<lb></lb>ons meet with ma­

<lb></lb>ny concluſive ar­

<lb></lb>guments, ſo do not 

<lb></lb>the falſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> being tranſported by the velocity 

<lb></lb>of your wit, have taken my words out of my mouth, whilſt I was 

<lb></lb>about to ſay ſomething, touching this laſt argument of the Author; 

<lb></lb>and although you have more then ſufficiently refuted him, yet 

<lb></lb>nevertheleſſe I will adde ſomewhat, which then ran in my minde. 

<lb></lb></s><s>He propoſeth it as a thing very unlikely, that a body diſſipable 

<lb></lb>and corruptible, as the Earth, ſhould perpetually move with a re­

<lb></lb>gular motion, cſpecially for that we ſee living creatures in the end 

<lb></lb>to grow weary, and to ſtand in need of reſt: and the improbability 

<lb></lb>is increaſed, in that the ſaid motion is required to be of velocity 

<lb></lb>incomparable and immenſe, in reſpect to that of animals. </s><s>Now, I 

<lb></lb>cannot ſee why the velocity of the Earth ſhould, at preſent, trou­

<lb></lb>ble it; ſo long as that of the ſtarry Sphere ſo very much bigger 

<lb></lb>doth not occaſion in it any diſturbance more conſiderable, than that 

<lb></lb>which the velocity of a machine, that in 24 hours maketh but one 

<lb></lb>ſole revolution, produceth in the ſame. </s><s>If the being of the velo­

<lb></lb>city of the Earths converſion, according to the model of that ma­

<lb></lb>chine, inferreth things of no greater moment than that, let the Au­

<lb></lb>thor ceaſe to fear the Earths growing weary; for that not one of 

<lb></lb>the moſt feeble and ſlow-pac&#039;t animals, no not a Chamæleon would 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg502"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>tire in moving no more than ^{*} four or five yards in 24 hours; but 

<lb></lb>if he pleaſe to conſider the velocity to be no longer, in relation to 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg503"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the model of the machine, but abſolutely, and inaſmuch as the 

<lb></lb>moveable in 24 hours is to paſs a very great ſpace, he ought to ſhew 

<lb></lb>himſelf ſo much more reſerved in granting it to the ſtarry Sphere, 

<lb></lb>which with a velocity incomparably greater than that of the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/254.jpg" pagenum="246"></pb>Earth is to carry along with it a thouſand bodies, each much big­

<lb></lb>ger than the Terreſtrial Globe.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg502"></margin.target>* Cinque ò ſei 

<lb></lb>braccia Fiorentini.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg503"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Wearineß more 

<lb></lb>to be feared in the 

<lb></lb>ſtarry Sphere than 

<lb></lb>in the terreſtriall 

<lb></lb>Globe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>Here it remains for us to ſee the proofs, whereby the Authour 

<lb></lb>concludes the new ſtars <emph type="italics"></emph>Anno<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1572. and <emph type="italics"></emph>Anno<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1604. to be ſublu­

<lb></lb>nary, and not cœleſtial, as the <emph type="italics"></emph>Astronomers<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of thoſe times were 

<lb></lb>generally perſwaded; an enterprize very great certainly; but I 

<lb></lb>have conſidered, that it will be better, in regard the Book is new 

<lb></lb>and long, by reaſon of its many calculations, that between this e­

<lb></lb>vening and to morrow morning I make them as plain as I can, and 

<lb></lb>ſo meeting you again to morrow to continue our wonted confe­

<lb></lb>rences, give you a brief of what I ſhall obſerve therein; and if we 

<lb></lb>have time left, we will ſay ſomething of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Annual motion<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> aſcri­

<lb></lb>bed to the Earth. </s><s>In the mean time, if either of you, and <emph type="italics"></emph>Simpli­

<lb></lb>cius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in particular, hath any thing to ſay more, touching what relates 

<lb></lb>to the <emph type="italics"></emph>Diurnal motion,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> at large examined by me, we have a little 

<lb></lb>time ſtill left to treat thereof.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I have no more to ſay, unleſſe it be this, that the diſcour­

<lb></lb>ſes that this day have falne under our debate, have appeared to me 

<lb></lb>fraught with very acute and ingenious notions, alledged on <emph type="italics"></emph>Coper­

<lb></lb>nicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> his ſide, in confirmation of the motion of the Earth, but yet 

<lb></lb>I find not my ſelf perſwaded to believe it; for in ſhort, the things 

<lb></lb>that have been ſaid conclude no more but this, that the reaſons 

<lb></lb>for the ſtability of the Earth are not neceſſary; but all the while 

<lb></lb>no demonſtration hath been produced on the other ſide, that doth 

<lb></lb>neceſſarily convince and prove its mobility.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I never undertook, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to remove you from that 

<lb></lb>your opinion; much leſs dare I preſume to determine definitively 

<lb></lb>in this controverſie: it onely was, and ſtill ſhall be in the enſuing 

<lb></lb>diſputations my intent, to make it appear to you, that thoſe who 

<lb></lb>have thought that moſt ſwift motion of 24 hours doth belong to 

<lb></lb>the Earth alone, and not to the Univerſe, the Earth onely exclu­

<lb></lb>ded, were not induced to believe, that ſo it might and ought to do 

<lb></lb>out of any blind perſwaſion; but that they did very well ſee, try, 

<lb></lb>and examine the reaſons on the contrary ſide, and alſo not ſlight­

<lb></lb>ly anſwer them. </s><s>With the ſame intention, if it ſtand with your 

<lb></lb>liking, and that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> we may paſſe to the conſideration of 

<lb></lb>that other motion; firſt, by <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristarchus Samius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and afterwards 

<lb></lb>by <emph type="italics"></emph>Nicholaus Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> aſcribed to the ſaid Terreſtrial Globe, 

<lb></lb>which is, as, I believe, you have heretofore heard, made under the 

<lb></lb>Zodiack within the ſpace of a year about the Sun, immoveably 

<lb></lb>placed in the centre of the ſaid Zodiack.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The diſquiſition is ſo great, and ſo noble, that I ſhall 

<lb></lb>gladly hearken to the diſcuſſion thereof, perſwading my ſelf that I 

<lb></lb>ſhall hear what ever can be ſaid of that matter. </s><s>And I will after­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/255.jpg" pagenum="247"></pb>wards by my ſelf, according to my uſual cuſtome, make more de­

<lb></lb>liberate reflexions upon what hath been, and is to be ſpoken; and 

<lb></lb>if I ſhould gain no more but this, it will be no ſmall benefit 

<lb></lb>that I ſhall be able to diſcourſe more Logically.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Therefore, that we may no further weary <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>we will put a period to the diſputations of this day, and re­

<lb></lb>aſſume our conference to morrow in the uſual manner, with hope 

<lb></lb>to hear very pleaſing novelties.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will leave with you the Book <emph type="italics"></emph>De ſtellis novis,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and car­

<lb></lb>ry back this of the Concluſions, to ſee what is written therein a­

<lb></lb>gainſt the Annual motion, which are to be the arguments of our 

<lb></lb>diſcourſe to morrow.</s></p><pb xlink:href="065/01/256.jpg"></pb><pb xlink:href="065/01/257.jpg"></pb><figure id="id.065.01.257.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/1.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.257.2.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/2.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.257.3.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/3.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.257.4.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/4.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.257.5.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/5.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.257.6.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/6.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.257.7.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/7.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.257.8.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/8.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.257.9.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/257/9.jpg"></figure><p type="caption"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>Place this Plate 

<lb></lb>at the end of 

<lb></lb>the Second<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb>Dialogue.</s></p>

</chap><chap><pb xlink:href="065/01/258.jpg"></pb>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/259.jpg" pagenum="249"></pb><p type="head"><s>GALILÆUS 

<lb></lb>Galilæus Lyncæus, 

<lb></lb>HIS 

<lb></lb>SYSTEME 

<lb></lb>OF THE 

<lb></lb>WORLD.</s></p><p type="head"><s>The Third Dialogue.</s></p><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>INTERLOCVTORS.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="head"><s>SALVIATUS, SAGREDUS, and SIMPLICIUS.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The great deſire wherewith I have expected 

<lb></lb>your coming, that I might hear the novel 

<lb></lb>conceits touching the annual converſi­

<lb></lb>on of this our Globe, hath made me 

<lb></lb>think the houres of the laſt night, and 

<lb></lb>thoſe of this morning very tedious, al­

<lb></lb>though I ſpent them not idly, but lying 

<lb></lb>awake I imployed a good part thereof in 

<lb></lb>ruminating upon our yeſterdayes diſcour­

<lb></lb>ſes, weighing the reaſons alledged by both parties, in favour of 

<lb></lb>the two contrary Hypotheſes, that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>this of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtarchus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And really methinks, that 

<lb></lb>which ever of theſe parties have been deceived, they are worthy of 

<lb></lb>excuſe, ſo ſpecious and valid in appearance are the reaſons that 

<lb></lb>may have perſwaded them either way; though nevertheleſſe we 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/260.jpg" pagenum="250"></pb>do for the moſt part cloſe with thoſe produced by the grave Au­

<lb></lb>thours firſt above mentioned. </s><s>But albeit that the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick Hy­

<lb></lb>potheſis,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by reaſon of its antiquity, hath had many followers and 

<lb></lb>fautors, and the other very few; firſt, for its obſcurity, and next, 

<lb></lb>for its novelty, yet methinks I diſcover amongſt thoſe many, 

<lb></lb>and particularly amongſt the modernes ſome, who for the ſup­

<lb></lb>port of the opinion by them eſteemed true, have introduced 

<lb></lb>other reaſons ſufficiently childiſh, I could ſay ridiculous.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have met with the like, and ſo much worſe than 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg504"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>yours, that I bluſh to rehearſe them, not ſo much to ſpare the fame 

<lb></lb>of their Authours, the names of whom might be perpetually con­

<lb></lb>cealed, as becauſe I am aſhamed ſo much to ſtain the honour of 

<lb></lb>mankinde. </s><s>In obſerving of theſe men, I have found that ſome 

<lb></lb>there are who prepoſterouſly reaſoning, firſt ſtabliſh the conclu­

<lb></lb>ſion in their fancy, and (either becauſe it is their own, or elſe be­

<lb></lb>longs to a perſon whom they much confide in) ſo firmly imprint 

<lb></lb>it in their opinions, that it is altogether impoſſible ever wholly to 

<lb></lb>efface it: and thoſe reaſons which they themſelves ſtumble upon, 

<lb></lb>or which they hear others to alledge in confirmation of the con­

<lb></lb>ceit entertained, though never ſo ſimple and inſipid, inſtantly find 

<lb></lb>credit and applauſe with them: but on the contrary, thoſe which 

<lb></lb>are brought againſt their opinion, though ingenuous and conclu­

<lb></lb>ding, they receive not only with nauſeating, but with diſdain and 

<lb></lb>bitter indignation, yea, you ſhall have one of theſe ſo inraged, as 

<lb></lb>that he will not be backward to try all wayes to ſuppreſs and ſilence 

<lb></lb>their adverſaries: and of this I my ſelf have had ſome experience.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg504"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Some in arguing 

<lb></lb>firſt fix in their 

<lb></lb>minds the conclu­

<lb></lb>ſion beleeved by 

<lb></lb>them, and then a­

<lb></lb>dapt their reaſons 

<lb></lb>to that.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Indeed theſe men deduce not the concluſion from the 

<lb></lb>premiſes, nor confirme them with reaſons, but accomodate, or to 

<lb></lb>ſay better, diſcommodate and diſtort the premiſes and arguments 

<lb></lb>to make them ſpeak in favour of their pre-aſſumed and pertinaci­

<lb></lb>ous concluſions. </s><s>It is not good therefore to contract familiarity 

<lb></lb>with theſe men; and the rather, for that their converſation is not 

<lb></lb>only unpleaſant, but alſo dangerous. </s><s>Yet let us continue our con­

<lb></lb>ference with <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> however, whom I have known this long 

<lb></lb>while for a man of great ingenuity, and altogether void of malice: 

<lb></lb>beſides he is well verſt in the Peripatetick Doctrine; ſo that I may 

<lb></lb>aſſure my ſelf, that what ſhall not fall within the reach of his rea­

<lb></lb>ſon for the ſupport of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotelian<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Hypotheſis, will not eaſily 

<lb></lb>be found out by others. </s><s>But ſee yonder he comes, quite out of 

<lb></lb>winde, whoſe company we have ſo long deſired: we were juſt now 

<lb></lb>ſpeaking againſt the ſmall haſt you made to come to us.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>You muſt not blame me, but <emph type="italics"></emph>Neptune,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for this my long 

<lb></lb>ſtay; which in the ebbe of this mornings tide hath in a manner 

<lb></lb>drain&#039;d away the waters, for the <emph type="italics"></emph>Gondola<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that brought me, being 

<lb></lb>entered not far from hence into a certain Channel, wanting depth, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/261.jpg" pagenum="251"></pb>where I was ſtranded, and forced to ſtay there more than a full 

<lb></lb>hour, in expecting the return of the tide: and there waiting in 

<lb></lb>this manner, without being able to get out of the boat, which on a 

<lb></lb>ſudden ran a ground, I obſerved a certain accident, which to me 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg505"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſeemed very ſtrange; and it was this, that in the waters ebbing 

<lb></lb>I ſaw it retreat very faſt by ſeveral ſmall rivolets, the ouze being 

<lb></lb>in many places diſcovered, and whilſt I ſtood looking upon this ef­

<lb></lb>fect, I ſaw this motion in an inſtant to ceaſe, and without a mi­

<lb></lb>nutes interval the ſame water to begin to return back again, and 

<lb></lb>the tide from ebbing to become young flood, without ſtanding 

<lb></lb>ſtill a moment: an effect that as long as I have dwelt in <emph type="italics"></emph>Venice,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>I never took notice of before.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg505"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motion of 

<lb></lb>the water in ebbing 

<lb></lb>and flowing not in­

<lb></lb>terrupted by reſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It is very much, that you ſhould be left thus on ground, 

<lb></lb>amongſt ſmall Channels; in which rivolets, as having very little 

<lb></lb>declivity, the riſing or falling of the main ſea, the thickneſs onely 

<lb></lb>of a paper is ſufficient to make the water to ebbe and flow for good 

<lb></lb>long ſpaces of time: like as in ſome creeks of the Sea, its flowing 

<lb></lb>four or ſix ^{*} yards onely, maketh the water to overflow the adja­

<lb></lb>cent Marſhes for ſome hundreds and thouſands of ^{*} acres.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg506"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg506"></margin.target>* Pertiche vene­

<lb></lb>tiani.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This I know very well, but I ſhould have thought, that 

<lb></lb>between the ultimate terme of ebbing, and the firſt beginnng to 

<lb></lb>flow, there ſhould have interpoſed ſome conſiderable interval of 

<lb></lb>reſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This will appear unto you, if you caſt your eye upon 

<lb></lb>the bank or piles, where theſe mutations are made perpendicular­

<lb></lb>ly, but not that there is any real time of ceſſation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I did think, that becauſe theſe two motions were con­

<lb></lb>trary, there ought to be in the midſt between them ſome kind of 

<lb></lb>reſt; conformable to the Doctrine of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which demonſtrates. 

<lb></lb></s><s>that <emph type="italics"></emph>in puncto regreſſus mediat quies.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I very well remember this place: but I bear in minde 

<lb></lb>alſo, that when I read Philoſophy, I was not thorowly ſatisfied 

<lb></lb>with <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotles<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> demonſtration; but that I had many experiments 

<lb></lb>on the contrary, which I could ſtill rehearſe unto you, but I am 

<lb></lb>unwilling to ſally out into any other digreſſions, we being met 

<lb></lb>here to diſcourſe of the propoſed mattes, if it be poſſible, without 

<lb></lb>theſe excurſions wherewith we have interrupted our diſputes in 

<lb></lb>thoſe dayes that are paſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>And yet we may with convenience, if not interrupt 

<lb></lb>them, at leaſt prolong them very much, for returning yeſter­

<lb></lb>day home, I ſet my ſelſ to read the Tractate of Concluſions, where 

<lb></lb>I find Demonſtrations againſt this annual motion aſcribed to the 

<lb></lb>Earth, very ſolid; and becauſe I would not truſt my memory with 

<lb></lb>the punctual relation of them, I have brought back the Book a­

<lb></lb>long with me.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/262.jpg" pagenum="252"></pb><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You have done very well; but if we would re-aſſume 

<lb></lb>our Diſputations according to yeſterdayes appointment, it is re­

<lb></lb>quiſite that we firſt hear what account <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath to give us 

<lb></lb>of the Book, <emph type="italics"></emph>De ſtellis novis,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and then without interruption we 

<lb></lb>may proceed to the Annual motion. </s><s>Now what ſay you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salvia­

<lb></lb>tus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> touching thoſe ſtars? </s><s>Are they really pull&#039;d down from Hea­

<lb></lb>ven to theſe lower regions, by vertue of that Authours calculati­

<lb></lb>ons, whom <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> mentioneth?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I ſet my ſelf laſt night to peruſe his proceedings, and I 

<lb></lb>have this morning had another view of him, to ſee whether that 

<lb></lb>which he ſeemed over night to affirm, were really his ſenſe, or my 

<lb></lb>dreams and phantaſtical nocturnal imaginations; and in the cloſe 

<lb></lb>found to my great grief that thoſe things were really written and 

<lb></lb>printed, which for the reputation-ſake of this Philoſopher I was 

<lb></lb>unwilling to believe. </s><s>It is in my judgment impoſſible, but that he 

<lb></lb>ſhould perceive the vanity of his undertaking, aſwell becauſe it is 

<lb></lb>too apert, as becauſe I remember, that I have heard him mentio­

<lb></lb>ned with applauſe by the <emph type="italics"></emph>Academick our Friend<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: it ſeemeth to 

<lb></lb>me alſo to be a thing very unlikely, that in complacency to others, 

<lb></lb>he ſhould be induced to ſet ſo low a value upon his reputation, as 

<lb></lb>to give conſent to the publication of a work, for which he could 

<lb></lb>expect no other than the cenſure of the Learned.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Yea, but you know, that thoſe will be much fewer 

<lb></lb>than one for an hundred, compared to thoſe that ſhall celebrate 

<lb></lb>and extoll him above the greateſt wits that are, or ever have been 

<lb></lb>in the world: He is one that hath mentioned the Peripate­

<lb></lb>tick inalterability of Heaven againſt a troop of <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomers,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>that to their greater diſgrace hath foiled them at their own wea­

<lb></lb>pons; and what do you think four or five in a Countrey that diſ­

<lb></lb>cern his triflings, can do againſt the innumerable multitude, that, 

<lb></lb>not being able to diſcover or comprehend them, ſuffer themſelves 

<lb></lb>to be taken with words, and ſo much more applaud him, by how 

<lb></lb>much the leſſe they underſtand him? </s><s>You may adde alſo, that 

<lb></lb>thoſe few who underſtand, ſcorn to give an anſwer to papers ſo 

<lb></lb>trivial and unconcludent; and that upon very good reaſons, be­

<lb></lb>cauſe to the intelligent there is no need thereof, and to thoſe that 

<lb></lb>do not underſtand, it is but labour loſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The moſt deſerved puniſhment of their demerits would 

<lb></lb>certainly be ſilence, if there were not other reaſons, for which it 

<lb></lb>is haply no leſſe than neceſſary to reſent their timerity: one of 

<lb></lb>which is, that we <emph type="italics"></emph>Italians<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> thereby incur the cenſure of Illiterates, 

<lb></lb>and attract the laughter of Forreigners; and eſpecially to ſuch 

<lb></lb>who are ſeparated from our Religion; and I could ſhew you ma­

<lb></lb>ny of thoſe of no ſmall eminency, who ſcoff at our <emph type="italics"></emph>Academick,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and the many Mathematicians that are in <emph type="italics"></emph>Italie,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for ſuffering the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/263.jpg" pagenum="253"></pb>follies of ſuch a ^{*} Fabler againſt <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomers<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to come into the </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg507"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>light, and to be openly maintained without contradiction; but 

<lb></lb>this alſo might be diſpenſed with, in reſpect of the other greater 

<lb></lb>occaſions of laughter, wherewith we may confront them depend­

<lb></lb>ing on the diſſimulation of the intelligent, touching the follies of 

<lb></lb>theſe opponents of the Doctrines that they well enough under­

<lb></lb>ſtand.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg507"></margin.target>* Lorenzini.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I deſire not a greater proof of thoſe mens petulancy, 

<lb></lb>and the infelicity of a <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſubject to be oppoſed by ſuch 

<lb></lb>as underſtand not ſo much as the very firſt poſitions, upon which 

<lb></lb>he undertakes the quarrel.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You will be no leſſe aſtoniſhed at their method in con­

<lb></lb>futing the <emph type="italics"></emph>Astronomers,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who affirm the new Stars to be ſuperiour 

<lb></lb>to the Orbs of the Planets; and peradventure in the ^{†} Firmament 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg508"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>it ſelf.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg508"></margin.target>† He taketh the 

<lb></lb>Firmament for the 

<lb></lb>Starry Sphere, and 

<lb></lb>as we vulgarly re­

<lb></lb>ceive the word.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But how could you in ſo ſhort a time examine all this 

<lb></lb>Book, which is ſo great a Volume, and muſt needs contain very 

<lb></lb>many demonſtrations.?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have confined my ſelf to theſe his firſt confutations, in 

<lb></lb>which with twelve demonſtrations founded upon the obſervations 

<lb></lb>of twelve <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomers,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (who all held, that the Star, <emph type="italics"></emph>Anno<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1572. 

<lb></lb>which appeared in <emph type="italics"></emph>Caſſiopeia,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> was in the Firmament) he proveth it 

<lb></lb>on the contrary, to be beneath the Moon, conferring, two by two, 

<lb></lb>the meridian altitudes, proceeding in the method that you ſhall 

<lb></lb>underſtand by and by. </s><s>And becauſe, I think, that in the exami­

<lb></lb>nation of this his firſt progreſſion, I have diſcovered in this Au­

<lb></lb>thour a great unlikelihood of his ability to conclude any thing a­

<lb></lb>gainſt the <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomers,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in favour of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick Philoſophers,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and that their opinion is more and more concludently confirmed, 

<lb></lb>I could not apply my ſelf with the like patience in examining his 

<lb></lb>other methods, but have given a very ſlight glance upon them, 

<lb></lb>and am certain, that the defect that is in theſe firſt impugnations, 

<lb></lb>is likewiſe in the reſt. </s><s>And as you ſhall ſee, by experience, very 

<lb></lb>few words will ſuffice to confute this whole Book, though compi­

<lb></lb>led with ſo great a number of laborious calculations, as here you 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg509"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſee. </s><s>Therefore obſerve my proceedings. </s><s>This Authour under­

<lb></lb>taketh, as I ſay, to wound his adverſaries with their own weapons, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>i.e.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a great number of obſervations made by themſelves, to wit, by 

<lb></lb>twelve or thirteen Authours in number, and upon part of them he 

<lb></lb>makes his ſupputations, and concludeth thoſe ſtars to have been 

<lb></lb>below the Moon. </s><s>Now becauſe the proceeding by interrogato­

<lb></lb>ries very much pleaſeth me, in regard the Authour himſelf is not 

<lb></lb>here, let <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> anſwer me to the queſtions that I ſhall ask 

<lb></lb>him, as he thinks he himſelf would, if he were preſent. </s><s>And pre­

<lb></lb>ſuppoſing that we ſpeak of the foreſaid Star, of <emph type="italics"></emph>Anno<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1572. ap­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/264.jpg" pagenum="254"></pb>pearing in <emph type="italics"></emph>Caſſiopeia,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> tell me, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whether you believe that 

<lb></lb>it might be in the ſame time placed in divers places, that is, a­

<lb></lb>mongſt the Elements, aud alſo amongſt the planetary Orbs, and 

<lb></lb>alſo above theſe amongſt the fixed Stars, and yet again infinitely 

<lb></lb>more high.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg509"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The method ob­

<lb></lb>ſerved by<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Clar. <emph type="italics"></emph>in 

<lb></lb>confuting the A­

<lb></lb>ſtronomers, and by<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Salviatus <emph type="italics"></emph>in confu­

<lb></lb>ting him.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There is no doubt, but that it ought to be confeſſed 

<lb></lb>that it is but in one only place, and at one ſole and determinate 

<lb></lb>diſtance from the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore if the obſervations made by the Aſtrono­

<lb></lb>mers were exact, and the calculations made by this Author were 

<lb></lb>not erroneous, it were eaſie from all thoſe and all theſe to re­

<lb></lb>collect the ſame diſtances alwayes to an hair, is not this true?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>My reaſon hitherto tells me that ſo it muſt needs be; 

<lb></lb>nor do I believe that the Author would contradict it</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But when of many and many computations that have 

<lb></lb>been made, there ſhould not be ſo much as two onely that prove 

<lb></lb>true, what would you think of them?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I would think that they were all falſe, either through 

<lb></lb>the fault of the computiſt, or through the defect of the obſer­

<lb></lb>vators, and at the moſt that could be ſaid, I would ſay, that but 

<lb></lb>onely one of them and no more was true; but as yet I know not 

<lb></lb>which to chooſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Would you then from falſe fundamentals deduce and 

<lb></lb>eſtabliſh a doubtful concluſion for ttue? </s><s>Certainly no. </s><s>Now the 

<lb></lb>calculations of this Author are ſuch, that no one of them agrees 

<lb></lb>with another, you may ſee then what credit is to be given to 

<lb></lb>them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. Indeed, if it be ſo, this is a notable failing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But by the way I have a mind to help <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>the Author by telling <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that his arguments would hold 

<lb></lb>good if the Author had undertook to go about to find out exact­

<lb></lb>ly the diſtance of the Star from the Earth, which I do not think 

<lb></lb>to be his intention; but onely to demonſtrate that from thoſe 

<lb></lb>obſervations he collected that the Star was ſublunary. </s><s>So 

<lb></lb>that if from thoſe obſervations, and from all the computations 

<lb></lb>made thereon, the height of the Star be alwayes collected to be 

<lb></lb>leſſe than that of the Moon, it ſerves the Authors turn to con­

<lb></lb>vince all thoſe Aſtronomers of moſt impardonable ignorance, 

<lb></lb>that through the defect either of Geometry or Arithmetick, have 

<lb></lb>not known how to draw true concluſions from their own obſerva­

<lb></lb>tions themſelves.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It will be convenient therefore that I turn my ſelf to 

<lb></lb>you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who ſo cunningly aphold the Doctrine of this 

<lb></lb>Author. </s><s>And to ſee whether I can make <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> though not 

<lb></lb>very expert in calcnlations, and demonſtrations to apprehend the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/265.jpg" pagenum="255"></pb>inconcluſiveneſſe at leaſt of the demonſtrations of this Author, 

<lb></lb>firſt propoſed to conſideration, and how both he, and all the 

<lb></lb>Aſtronomers with whom he contendeth, do agree that the new 

<lb></lb>Star had not any motion of its own, and onely went round with 

<lb></lb>the diurnal motion of the <emph type="italics"></emph>primum mobile<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; but diſſent about the 

<lb></lb>placing of it, the one party putting it in the Celeſtial Region, 

<lb></lb>that is above the Moon, and haply above the fixed Stars, and 

<lb></lb>the other judging it to be neer to the Earth, that is, under the 

<lb></lb>concave of the Lunar Orb. </s><s>And becauſe the ſituation of the new 

<lb></lb>ſtar, of which we ſpeak, was towards the North, and at no very 

<lb></lb>great diſtance from the Pole, ſo that to us <emph type="italics"></emph>Septentrionals,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it did 

<lb></lb>never ſet, it was an eaſie matter with Aſtronomical inſtruments 

<lb></lb>to have taken its ſeveral meridian altitudes, as well its ſmalleſt 

<lb></lb>under the Pole, as its greateſt above the ſame; from the compa­

<lb></lb>ring of which altitudes, made in ſeveral places of the Earth, 

<lb></lb>ſituate at different diſtances from the North, that is, different 

<lb></lb>from one another in relation to polar altitudes, the ſtars diſtance 

<lb></lb>might be inferred: For if it was in the Firmament amongſt the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg510"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>other fixed ſtars, its meridian altitudes taken in divers elevations 

<lb></lb>of the pole, ought neceſſarily to differ from each other with the 

<lb></lb>ſame variations that are found amongſt thoſe elevations them­

<lb></lb>ſelves; that is, for example, if the elevation of the ſtar above 

<lb></lb>the horizon was 30 degrees, taken in the place where the polar 

<lb></lb>altitude was <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 45 degrees, the elevation of the ſame ſtar 

<lb></lb>ought to have been encreaſed 4 or 5 degrees in thoſe more Nor­

<lb></lb>thernly places where the pole was higher by the ſaid 4 or 5 de­

<lb></lb>grees. </s><s>But if the ſtars diſtance from the Earth was but very little, 

<lb></lb>in compariſon of that of the Firmament; its meridian altitudes 

<lb></lb>ought approaching to the North to encreaſe conſiderably more 

<lb></lb>than the polar altitudes; and by that greater encreaſe, that is, 

<lb></lb>by the exceſſe of the encreaſe of the ſtars elevation, above the 

<lb></lb>encreaſe of the polar elevation (which is called the difference of 

<lb></lb>Parallaxes) is readily calculated with a cleer and ſure method, 

<lb></lb>the ſtars diſtance from the centre of the Earth. </s><s>Now this Author 

<lb></lb>taketh the obſervations made by thirteen Aſtronomers in ſundry 

<lb></lb>elevations of the pole, and conferring a part of them at his plea­

<lb></lb>ſure, he computeth by twelve collations the new ſtars height to 

<lb></lb>have been alwayes beneath the Moon; but this he adventures to 

<lb></lb>do in hopes to find ſo groſſe ignorance in all thoſe, into whoſe 

<lb></lb>hands his book might come, that to ſpeak the truth, it hath turn&#039;d 

<lb></lb>my ſtomack; and I wait to ſee how thoſe other Aſtronomers, and 

<lb></lb>particularly <emph type="italics"></emph>Kepler,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> againſt whom this Author principally in­

<lb></lb>veigheth, can contein themſelves in ſilence, for he doth not uſe 

<lb></lb>to hold his tongue on ſuch occaſions; unleſſe he did poſſibly 

<lb></lb>think the enterprize too much below him. </s><s>Now to give you to 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/266.jpg" pagenum="256"></pb>underſtand the ſame, I have upon this paper tranſcribed the con­

<lb></lb>cluſions that he inferreth from his twelve indagations; the firſt of 

<lb></lb>which is upon the two obſervations:

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table1"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg510"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The greateſt and 

<lb></lb>leaſt elevations of 

<lb></lb>the new ſtar differ 

<lb></lb>not from each o­

<lb></lb>ther more than the 

<lb></lb>polar allitudes, the 

<lb></lb>ſaid ſtar being in 

<lb></lb>the Firmnment.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><table><table.target id="table1"></table.target><row><cell>Of <emph type="italics"></emph>Maurolicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Hainzelius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from which   the Star is collected to have been diſtant from the   centre leſſe than 3 ſemidiameters of the Earth,   the difference of Parallaxes being 4 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. 42 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>30 <emph type="italics"></emph>ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>3 <emph type="italics"></emph>ſemid.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>2. And is calculated on the obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Hain-zelius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with Parall. of 8. <emph type="italics"></emph>m. 30 ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and its di-ſtance from the centre is computed to be more   than</cell><cell>25 <emph type="italics"></emph>ſemid.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>3. And upon the obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Hain-zelius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with Parall. of 10 <emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the diſtance of   the centre is collected to be little leſſe than</cell><cell>19 <emph type="italics"></emph>ſemid.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>4. And upon the obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the   <emph type="italics"></emph>Landgrave,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with Parall. of 14 <emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the diſtance   from the centre is made to be about</cell><cell>10 <emph type="italics"></emph>ſemid.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>5. And upon the obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Hainzelius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and   <emph type="italics"></emph>Gemma,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with Parall. of 42 <emph type="italics"></emph>m. 30 ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whereby   the diſtance is gathered to be about</cell><cell>4 <emph type="italics"></emph>ſemid.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>6. And upon the obſervations of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Landgrave<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>and <emph type="italics"></emph>Camerarius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with Parall. of 8 <emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the di-ſtance is concluded to be about</cell><cell>4 <emph type="italics"></emph>ſemid.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>7. And upon the obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Hage-cius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with Parall. of 6 <emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the diſtance is   made</cell><cell>31 <emph type="italics"></emph>ſemid.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>8. And upon the obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Hagecius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Vr-ſinus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with Parall. of 43 <emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the ſtars diſtance   from the ſuperficies of the Earth is rendred</cell><cell>1/2 <emph type="italics"></emph>ſemid.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>9. And upon the obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Landgravius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and   <emph type="italics"></emph>Buſchius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with Parall. of 15 <emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the di-ſtance from the ſuperficies of the Earth is by   ſupputation</cell><cell>1/48 <emph type="italics"></emph>ſemid.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>10. And upon the obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Maurolice<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and   <emph type="italics"></emph>Munocius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with Parall. of 4 <emph type="italics"></emph>m. 30 ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the   compnted diſtance from the Earths ſurface is</cell><cell>1/5 <emph type="italics"></emph>ſemid.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>11. And upon the obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Munocius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and   <emph type="italics"></emph>Gemma,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with Parall. of 55 <emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the diſtance   from the centre is rendred</cell><cell>13 <emph type="italics"></emph>ſemid.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/267.jpg" pagenum="257"></pb><row><cell>12. And upon the obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Munoſius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and   <emph type="italics"></emph>Vrſinus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with Parall. of 1 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. 36 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the di-ſtance from the centre cometh forth leſſe than</cell><cell>7 <emph type="italics"></emph>ſemid.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Theſe are twelve indagations made by the Author at his electi­

<lb></lb>on, amongſt many which, as he ſaith, might be made by combi­

<lb></lb>ning the obſervations of theſe thirteen obſervators. </s><s>The which 

<lb></lb>twelve we may believe to be the moſt favourable to prove his 

<lb></lb>intention.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I would know whether amongſt the ſo many other in­

<lb></lb>dagations pretermitted by the Author, there were not ſome that 

<lb></lb>made againſt him, that is, from which calculating one might find 

<lb></lb>the new ſtar to have been above the Moon, as at the very firſt 

<lb></lb>ſight I think we may reaſonably queſtion; in regard I ſee theſe 

<lb></lb>already produced to be ſo different from one another, that ſome 

<lb></lb>of them give me the diſtance of the ſaid ſtar from the Earth, 4, 6, 

<lb></lb>10, 100, a thouſand, and an hundred thouſand times bigger one 

<lb></lb>than another; ſo that I may well ſuſpect that amongſt thoſe that 

<lb></lb>he did not calculate, there was ſome one in fauour of the adverſe 

<lb></lb>party. </s><s>And I gueſſe this to be the more probable, for that I can­

<lb></lb>not conceive that thoſe Aſtronomers the obſervators could want 

<lb></lb>the knowledg and practice of theſe computations, which I think 

<lb></lb>do not depend upon the abſtruceſt things in the World. </s><s>And in­

<lb></lb>deed it will ſeem to me a thing more than miraculous, if whilſt in 

<lb></lb>theſe twelve inveſtigations onely, there are ſome that make the 

<lb></lb>ſtar to be diſtant from the Earth but a few miles, and others that 

<lb></lb>make it to be but a very fmall matter below the Moon, there are 

<lb></lb>none to be found that in favour of the contrary part do make it 

<lb></lb>ſo much as twenty yards above the Lunar Orb. </s><s>And that which 

<lb></lb>ſhall be yet again more extravagant, that all thoſe Aſtronomers 

<lb></lb>ſhould have been ſo blind as not to have diſcovered that their ſo 

<lb></lb>apparent miſtake.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Begin now to prepare your ears to hear with infinite 

<lb></lb>admiration to what exceſſes of confidence of ones own authority 

<lb></lb>and others folly, the deſire of contradicting and ſhewing ones 

<lb></lb>ſelf wiſer than others, tranſports a man. </s><s>Amongſt the indaga­

<lb></lb>tions omitted by the Author, there are ſuch to be found as make 

<lb></lb>the new ſtar not onely above the Moon, but above the fixed 

<lb></lb>ſtars alſo. </s><s>And theſe are not a few, but the greater part, as you 

<lb></lb>ſhall ſee in this other paper, where I have ſet them down.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But what ſaith the Author to theſe? </s><s>It may be he did 

<lb></lb>not think of them?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>He hath thought of them but too much: but ſaith, that 

<lb></lb>the obſervations upon which the calculations make the ſtar to be 

<lb></lb>infinitely remote, are erroneous, and that they cannot be com­

<lb></lb>bined to one another.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/268.jpg" pagenum="258"></pb><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But this ſeemeth to me a very lame evaſion; for the ad­

<lb></lb>verſe party may with as much reaſon reply, that thoſe are errone­

<lb></lb>ous wherewith he collecteth the ſtar to have been in the Elemen­

<lb></lb>tary Region.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Oh <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if I could but make you comprehend 

<lb></lb>the craft, though no great craftineſſe of this Author, I ſhould 

<lb></lb>make you to wonder, and alſo to be angry to ſee how that he 

<lb></lb>palliating his ſagacity with the vail of the ſimplicity of your ſelf; 

<lb></lb>and the reſt of meer Philoſophers, would inſinuate himſelf into 

<lb></lb>your good opinion, by tickling your cars, and ſwelling your am­

<lb></lb>bition, pretending to have convinced and ſilenced theſe petty 

<lb></lb>Aſtronomers, who went about to aſſault the impregnable inalte­

<lb></lb>rability of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Heaven, and which is more, to have 

<lb></lb>foild and conquered them with their own arms. </s><s>I will try with all 

<lb></lb>my ability to do the ſame; and in the mean time let <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>take it in good part, if <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and I try his patience, perhaps 

<lb></lb>a little too much, whilſt that with a ſuperfluous circumlocution 

<lb></lb>(ſuperfluous I ſay to his moſt nimble apprehenſion) I go about to 

<lb></lb>make out a thing, which it is not convenient ſhould be hid and 

<lb></lb>unknown unto him.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I ſhall not onely without wearineſſe, but alſo with 

<lb></lb>much delight hearken to your diſcourſes; and ſo ought all <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripa­

<lb></lb>tetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Philoſophers, to the end they may know how much they 

<lb></lb>are oblieged to this their Protector.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Tell me, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whether you do well comprehend, 

<lb></lb>how, the new ſtar being placed in the meridian circle yonder to­

<lb></lb>wards the North, the ſame to one that from the South ſhould 

<lb></lb>go towards the North, would ſeem to riſe higher and higher a­

<lb></lb>bove the Horizon, as much as the Pole, although it ſhould have 

<lb></lb>been ſcituate amongſt the fixed ſtars; but, that in caſe it were 

<lb></lb>conſiderably lower, that is nearer to the Earth, it would appear 

<lb></lb>to aſcend more than the ſaid pole, and ſtill more by how much 

<lb></lb>its vicinity was greater?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think that I do very well conceive the ſame; in to­

<lb></lb>ken whereof I will try if I can make a mathematical Scheme of 

<lb></lb>it, and in this great circle <emph type="italics"></emph>[in Fig. </s><s>1. of this Dialogue.]<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I will 

<lb></lb>marke the pole P; and in theſe two lower circles I will note two 

<lb></lb>ſtars beheld from one place on the Earth, which let be A; and 

<lb></lb>let the two ſtars be theſe B and C, beheld in the ſame line A B C, 

<lb></lb>which line I prolong till it meet with a fixed ſtar in D. </s><s>And then 

<lb></lb>walking along the Earth, till I come to the term E, the two 

<lb></lb>ſtars will appear to me ſeparated from the fixed ſtar D, and ad­

<lb></lb>vanced neerer to the pole P, and the lower ſtar B more, which 

<lb></lb>will appear to me in G, and the ſtar C leſſe, which will ap 

<lb></lb>pear to me in F, but the fixed ſtar D will have kept the ſame 

<lb></lb>diſtance from the Pole.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/269.jpg" pagenum="259"></pb><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I ſee that you underſtand the buſineſſe very well. </s><s>I be­

<lb></lb>lieve that you do likewiſe comprehend, that, in regard the ſtar B 

<lb></lb>is lower than C, the angle which is made by the rayes of the 

<lb></lb>ſight, which departing from the two places A and E, meet in C, 

<lb></lb>to wit, this angle A C E, is more narrow, or if we will ſay more 

<lb></lb>acute than the angle conſtituted in B, by the rayes A B and 

<lb></lb>E <emph type="italics"></emph>B.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This I likewiſe underſtand very well.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And alſo, the Earth beine very little and almoſt inſen­

<lb></lb>ſible, in reſpect of the Firmament <emph type="italics"></emph>(or Starry Sphere<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>;) and con­

<lb></lb>ſequently the ſpace A E, paced on the Earth, being very ſmall in 

<lb></lb>compariſon of the immenſe length of the lines E G and E F, paſ­

<lb></lb>ſing from the Earth unto the Firmament, you thereby collect that 

<lb></lb>the ſtar C might riſe and aſcend ſo much and ſo much above the 

<lb></lb>Earth, that the angle therein made by the rayes which depart 

<lb></lb>from the ſaid ſtationary points A and E, might become moſt a­

<lb></lb>cute, and as it were abſolutely null and inſenſible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>And this alſo is moſt manifeſt to ſenſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now you know <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that Aſtronomers and Ma­

<lb></lb>thematicians have found infallible rules by way of Geometry and 

<lb></lb>Arithmetick, to be able by help of the quantity of theſe angles 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>B<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and C, and of their differences, with the additional knowledg 

<lb></lb>of the diſtance of the two places A and E, to find to a foot the 

<lb></lb>remoteneſſe of ſublime bodies; provided alwayes that the afore­

<lb></lb>ſaid diſtance, and angles be exactly taken.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>So that if the Rules dependent on <emph type="italics"></emph>Geometry<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtro­

<lb></lb>nomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> be true, all the fallacies and errours that might be met with 

<lb></lb>in attempting to inveſtigate thoſe altitudes of new Stars or Co­

<lb></lb>mets, or other things muſt of neceſſity depend on the diſtance A E, 

<lb></lb>and on the angles B and C, not well meaſured. </s><s>And thus all thoſe 

<lb></lb>differences which are found in theſe twelve workings depend, not 

<lb></lb>on the deſects of the rules of the Calculations, but on the errours 

<lb></lb>committed in finding out thoſe angles, and thoſe diſtances, by means 

<lb></lb>of the Inſtrumental Obſervations.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. True; and of this there is no doubt to be made. </s><s>Now 

<lb></lb>it is neceſſary that you obſerve intenſely, how in removing the Star 

<lb></lb>from B to C, whereupon the angle alwayes grows more acute, the 

<lb></lb>ray E B G goeth farther and farther off from the ray A B D in 

<lb></lb>the part beneath the angle, as you may ſee in the line E C F, 

<lb></lb>whoſe inferiour part E C is more remote from the part A C, than 

<lb></lb>is the part E B, but it can never happen, that by any whatſoever 

<lb></lb>immenſe receſſion, the lines A D and E F ſhould totally ſever from 

<lb></lb>each other, they being finally to go and conjoyn in the Star: and 

<lb></lb>onely this may be ſaid, that they would ſeparate, and reduce them­

<lb></lb>ſelves to parallels, if ſo be the receſſion ſhould be infinite, which 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/270.jpg" pagenum="260"></pb>caſe is not to be ſuppoſed. </s><s>But becauſe (obſerve well) the diſtance 

<lb></lb>of the Firmament, in relation to the ſmallneſſe of the Earth, as 

<lb></lb>hath been ſaid, is to be accounted, as if it were infinite; therefore 

<lb></lb>the angle conteined betwixt the two rayes, that being drawn from 

<lb></lb>the points A and E, go to determine in a fixed Star, is eſteemed 

<lb></lb>nothing, and thoſe rayes held to be two parallel lines; and there­

<lb></lb>fore it is concluded, that then only may the New Star be affirmed 

<lb></lb>to have been in the Firmament, when from the collating of the 

<lb></lb>Obſervations made in divers places, the ſaid angle is, by calcula­

<lb></lb>tion, gathered to be inſenſible, and the lines, as it were, parallels. 

<lb></lb></s><s>But if the angle be of a conſiderable quantity, the New Star muſt 

<lb></lb>of neceſſity be lower than thoſe fixed; and alſo than the Moon, in 

<lb></lb>caſe the angle A B E ſhould be greater than that which would be 

<lb></lb>made in the Moons centre.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Then the remoteneſſe of the Moon is not ſo great, that 

<lb></lb>a like angle ſhould be ^{*}inſenſible in her?

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg511"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg511"></margin.target>* Imperceptible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>No Sir; nay it is ſenſible, not onely in the Moon, but 

<lb></lb>in the Sun alſo.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But if this be ſo, it&#039;s poſſible that the ſaid angle may 

<lb></lb>be obſerved in the New Star, without neceſſitating it to be inferi­

<lb></lb>our to the Sun, aſwell as to the Moon.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This may very well be, yea, and is in the preſent caſe, 

<lb></lb>as you ſhall ſee in due place; that is, when I ſhall have made plain 

<lb></lb>the way, in ſuch manner that you alſo, though not very perfect in 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomical<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> calculations, may clearly ſee, and, as it were, with 

<lb></lb>your hands feel how that this Authour had it more in his eye to 

<lb></lb>write in complacency of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripateticks,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by palliating and diſ­

<lb></lb>ſembling ſundry things, than to eſtabliſh the truth, by producing 

<lb></lb>them with naked ſincerity: therefore let us proceed forwards. </s><s>By 

<lb></lb>the things hitherto ſpoken, I ſuppoſe that you comprehend very 

<lb></lb>well how that the diſtance of the new Star can never be 

<lb></lb>made ſo immenſe, that the angle ſo often named ſhall wholly diſ­

<lb></lb>appear, and that the two rayes of the Obſervators at the places 

<lb></lb>A and E, ſhall become altogether parallels: and you may conſe­

<lb></lb>quently comprehend to the full, that if the calculations ſhould 

<lb></lb>collect from the obſervations, that that angle was totally null, or 

<lb></lb>that the lines were truly parallels, we ſhould be certain that the 

<lb></lb>obſervations were at leaſt in ſome ſmall particular erroneous: 

<lb></lb>But, if the calculations ſhould give us the ſaid lines to be ſepara­

<lb></lb>ted not only to equidiſtance, that is, ſo as to be parallel, but to 

<lb></lb>have paſt beyond that terme, and to be dilated more above than 

<lb></lb>below, then muſt it be reſolutely concluded, that the obſervations 

<lb></lb>were made with leſſe accurateneſſe, and in a word, to be errone­

<lb></lb>ous; as leading us to a manifeſt impoſſibility. </s><s>In the next place, 

<lb></lb>you muſt believe me, and ſuppoſe it for true, that two right lines 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/271.jpg" pagenum="261"></pb>which depart from two points marked upon another right line, are 

<lb></lb>then wider above than below, when the angles included between 

<lb></lb>them upon that right line are greater than two right angles; and 

<lb></lb>if theſe angles ſhould be equal to two right angles, the lines would 

<lb></lb>be parallels; but if they were leſs than two right angles, the lines 

<lb></lb>would be concurrent, and being continued out would undoubted­

<lb></lb>ly interſect the triangle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Without taking it upon truſt from you, I know the 

<lb></lb>ſame; and am not ſo very naked of <emph type="italics"></emph>Geometry,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as not to know a 

<lb></lb>Propoſition, which I have had occaſion of reading very often in 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that is, that the three angles of all triangles are equall to 

<lb></lb>two right angles: ſo that if I take in my Figure the triangle ABE, 

<lb></lb>it being ſuppoſed that the line E A is right; I very well conceive, 

<lb></lb>that its three angles A, E, B, are equal to two right angles; and 

<lb></lb>that conſequently the two angles E and A are leſſe than two right 

<lb></lb>angles, ſo much as is the angle B. </s><s>Whereupon widening the lines 

<lb></lb>A B and E B (ſtill keeping them from moving out of the points A 

<lb></lb>and E) untill that the angle conteined by them towards the parts 

<lb></lb>B, diſappear, the two angles beneath ſhall be equal to two right 

<lb></lb>angles, and thoſe lines ſhall be reduced to parallels: and if one 

<lb></lb>ſhould proceed to enlarge them yet more, the angles at the points 

<lb></lb>E and A would become greater than two right angles.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You are an <emph type="italics"></emph>Archimedes,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and have freed me from the 

<lb></lb>expence of more words in declaring to you, that whenſoever the 

<lb></lb>calculations make the two angles A and E to be greater than two 

<lb></lb>right angles, the obſervations without more adoe will prove erro­

<lb></lb>neous. </s><s>This is that which I had a deſire that you ſhould perfect­

<lb></lb>ly underſtand, and which I doubted that I was not able ſo to make 

<lb></lb>out, as that a meer <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Philoſopher might attain to the 

<lb></lb>certain knowledg thereof. </s><s>Now let us go on to what remains. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And re-aſſuming that which even now you granted me, namely, 

<lb></lb>that the new ſtar could not poſſibly be in many places, but in one 

<lb></lb>alone, when ever the ſupputations made upon the obſervations of 

<lb></lb>theſe Aſtronomers do not aſſign it the ſame place, its neceſſary 

<lb></lb>that it be an errour in the obſervations, that is, either in taking the 

<lb></lb>altitudes of the pole, or in taking the elevations of the ſtar, or in 

<lb></lb>the one or other working. </s><s>Now for that in the many workings 

<lb></lb>made with the combinations two by two, there are very few of 

<lb></lb>the obſervations that do agree to place the ſtar in the ſame ſitua­

<lb></lb>tion; therefore theſe few onely may happily be the non-errone­

<lb></lb>ous, but the others are all abſolutely falſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It will be neceſſary then to give more credit to theſe 

<lb></lb>few alone, than to all the reſt together, and becauſe you ſay, 

<lb></lb>that theſe which accord are very few, and I amongſt theſe 12, 

<lb></lb>do find two that ſo accord, which both make the diſtance of the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/272.jpg" pagenum="262"></pb>ſtar from the centre of the Earth 4 ſemidiameters, which are theſe, 

<lb></lb>the fifth and ſixth, therefore it is more probable that the new ſtar 

<lb></lb>was elementary, than celeſtial.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You miſtake the point; for if you note well it was not 

<lb></lb>written, that the diſtance was exactly 4 ſemidiameters, but about 

<lb></lb>4 ſemidiameters; and yet you ſhall ſee that thoſe two diſtances 

<lb></lb>differed from each other many hundreds of miles. </s><s>Here they are; 

<lb></lb>you ſee that this fifth, which is 13389 <emph type="italics"></emph>Italian<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> miles, exceeds the 

<lb></lb>ſixth, which is 13100 miles, by almoſt 300 miles.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Which then are thoſe few that agree in placing the ſtar 

<lb></lb>in the ſame ſituation?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>They are, to the diſgrace of this Author five workings, 

<lb></lb>which all place it in the firmament, as you ſhall ſee in this note, 

<lb></lb>where I have ſet down many other combinations. </s><s>But I will grant 

<lb></lb>the Author more than peradventure he would demand of me, which 

<lb></lb>is in ſum, that in each combination of the obſervations there is 

<lb></lb>ſome error; which I believe to be abſolutely neceſſary; for the 

<lb></lb>obſervations being four in number that ſerve for one working, 

<lb></lb>that is, two different altitudes of the Pole, and two different eleva­

<lb></lb>tions of the ſtar, made by different obſervers, in different pla­

<lb></lb>ces, with different inſtruments, who ever hath any ſmall know­</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg512"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ledg of this art, will ſay, that amongſt all the four, it is impoſſible 

<lb></lb>but there will be ſome error; and eſpecially ſince we ſee that in 

<lb></lb>taking but one onely altitude of the Pole, with the ſame inſtru­

<lb></lb>ment, in the ſame place, by the ſame obſerver, that hath re­

<lb></lb>peated the obſervation a thouſand times, there will ſtill be a titu­

<lb></lb>bation of one, or ſometimes of many minutes, as in this ſame 

<lb></lb>book you may ſee in ſeveral places. </s><s>Theſe things preſuppoſed, 

<lb></lb>I ask you <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whether you believe that this Authour held 

<lb></lb>theſe thirteen obſervators for wiſe, underſtanding and expert men 

<lb></lb>in uſing thoſe inſtruments, or elſe for inexpert, and bunglers?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg512"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomical In­

<lb></lb>struments are very 

<lb></lb>ſubject to errour.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It muſt needs be that he eſteemed them very acute and 

<lb></lb>intelligent; for if he had thought them unskilful in the buſineſſe, 

<lb></lb>he might have omitted his ſixth book as inconcluſive, as being 

<lb></lb>founded upon ſuppoſitions very erroneous; and might take us for 

<lb></lb>exceſſively ſimple, if he ſhould think he could with their inex­

<lb></lb>pertneſſe perſwade us to believe a falſe poſition of his for truth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Therefore theſe obſervators being ſuch, and that yet 

<lb></lb>notwithſtanding they did erre, and ſo conſequently needed cor­

<lb></lb>rection, that ſo one might from their obſervations infer the 

<lb></lb>beſt hints that may be; it is convenient that we apply unto them 

<lb></lb>the leaſt and neereſt emendations and corrections that may be; 

<lb></lb>ſo that they do but ſuffice to reduce the obſervations from impoſ­

<lb></lb>ſibility to poſſibility; ſo as <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if one may but correct a mani­

<lb></lb>feſt errour, and an apparent impoſſibility of one of their obſer­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/273.jpg" pagenum="263"></pb>vations by the addition or ſubſtraction of two or three minutes, and 

<lb></lb>with that amendment to reduce it to poſſibility, a man ought 

<lb></lb>not to eſſay to adjuſt it by the addition or ſubſtraction of fifteen, 

<lb></lb>twenty, or fifty.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think the Authour would not deny this: for granting 

<lb></lb>that they are expert and judicious men, it ought to be thought that 

<lb></lb>they did rather erre little than much.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Obſerve again; The places where the new Star is pla­

<lb></lb>ced, are ſome of them manifeſtly impoſſible, and others poſſible. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Abſolutely impoſſible it is, that it ſhould be an infinite ſpace ſupe­

<lb></lb>riour to the fixed Stars, for there is no ſuch place in the world; 

<lb></lb>and if there were, the Star there ſcituate would have been imper­

<lb></lb>ceptible to us: it is alſo impoſſible that it ſhould go creeping along 

<lb></lb>the ſuperficies of the Earth; and much leſſe that it ſhould be 

<lb></lb>within the ſaid Terreſtrial Globe. </s><s>Places poſſible are theſe that 

<lb></lb>be in controverſie, it not interferring with our underſtanding, that 

<lb></lb>a viſible object in the likeneſſe of a Star might be aſwell above the 

<lb></lb>Moon, as below it. </s><s>Now whilſt one goeth about to compute by 

<lb></lb>the way of Obſervations and Calculations made with the utmoſt 

<lb></lb>certainty that humane diligence can attain unto what its place was, 

<lb></lb>it is found that the greateſt part of thoſe Calculations make it 

<lb></lb>more than infinitely ſuperiour to the Firmament, others make it 

<lb></lb>very neer to the ſurface of the Earth, and ſome alſo under the 

<lb></lb>ſame; and of the reſt, which place it in ſituations not impoſſible, 

<lb></lb>none of them agree with each other; inſomuch that it muſt be 

<lb></lb>confeſſed, that all thoſe obſervations are neceſſarily falſe; ſo that 

<lb></lb>if we would nevertheleſs collect ſome fruit from ſo many laborious 

<lb></lb>calculations, we muſt have recourſe to the corrections, amending 

<lb></lb>all the obſervations.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But the Authour will ſay, that of the obſervations that 

<lb></lb>aſſign to the Star impoſſible places, there ought no account to be 

<lb></lb>made, as being extreamly erroneous and falſe; and thoſe onely 

<lb></lb>ought to be accepted, that conſtitute it in places not impoſſible: 

<lb></lb>and amongſt theſe a man ought to ſeek, by help of the moſt pro­

<lb></lb>bable, and moſt numerous concurrences, not if the particular and 

<lb></lb>exact ſituation, that is, its true diſtance from the centre of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, at leaſt, whether it was amongſt the Elements, or elſe a­

<lb></lb>mongſt the Cœleſtial bodies.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The diſcourſe which you now make, is the ſelf ſame 

<lb></lb>that the Author made, in favour of his cauſe, but with too unrea­

<lb></lb>ſonable a diſadvantage to his adverſaries; and this is that princi­

<lb></lb>pal point that hath made me exceſſively to wonder at the too great 

<lb></lb>confidence that he expreſſed to have, no leſs of his own authority, 

<lb></lb>than of the blindneſs and inadvertency of the Aſtronomers; in 

<lb></lb>favour of whom I will ſpeak, and you ſhall anſwer for the Author. 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/274.jpg" pagenum="264"></pb>And firſt, I ask you, whether the Aſtronomers, in obſerving with 

<lb></lb>their Inſtruments, and ſeeking <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> how great the elevation of a 

<lb></lb>Star is above the Horizon, may deviate from the truth, aſwell in 

<lb></lb>making it too great, as too little; that is, may erroneouſly com­

<lb></lb>pute, that it is ſometime higher than the truth, and ſometimes low­

<lb></lb>er; or elſe whether the errour muſt needs be alwayes of one 

<lb></lb>kinde, to wit, that erring they alwayes make it too much, and ne­

<lb></lb>ver too little, or alwayes too little, and never too much?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I doubt not, but that it is as eaſie to commit an errour 

<lb></lb>the one way, as the other.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I believe the Author would anſwer the ſame. </s><s>Now of 

<lb></lb>theſe two kinds of errours, which are contraries, and into which the 

<lb></lb>obſervators of the new ſtar may equally have fallen, applied to 

<lb></lb>calculations, one ſort will make the ſtar higher, and the other lower 

<lb></lb>than really it is. </s><s>And becauſe we have already agreed, that all 

<lb></lb>the obſervations are falſe; upon what ground would this Au­

<lb></lb>thor have us to accept thoſe for moſt congruous with the truth, 

<lb></lb>that ſhew the ſtar to have been near at hand, than the others that 

<lb></lb>ſhew it exceſſively remote?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>By what I have, as yet, collected of the Authors mind, 

<lb></lb>I ſee not that he doth refuſe thoſe obſervations, and indagations 

<lb></lb>that might make the ſtar more remote than the Moon, and alſo 

<lb></lb>than the Sun, but only thoſe that make it remote (as you your ſelf 

<lb></lb>have ſaid) more than an infinite diſtance; the which diſtance, be­

<lb></lb>cauſe you alſo do refuſe it as impoſſible, he alſo paſſeth over, as 

<lb></lb>being convicted of infinite falſhood; as alſo thoſe obſervations 

<lb></lb>are of impoſſibility. </s><s>Methinks, therefore, that if you would con­

<lb></lb>vince the Author, you ought to produce ſupputations, more exact, 

<lb></lb>or more in number, or of more diligent obſervers, which conſtitute 

<lb></lb>the ſtar in ſuch and ſuch a diſtance above the Moon, or above the 

<lb></lb>Sun, and to be brief, in a place poſſible for it to be in, like as he 

<lb></lb>produceth theſe twelve, which all place the ſtar beneath the Moon 

<lb></lb>in places that have a being in the world, and where it is poſſible for 

<lb></lb>it to be.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> yours and the Authors Equivocation 

<lb></lb>lyeth in this, yours in one reſpect, and the Authors in another; I 

<lb></lb>diſcover by your ſpeech that you have formed a conceit to your 

<lb></lb>ſelf, that the exorbitancies that are commited in the eſtabliſhing 

<lb></lb>the diſtance of the Star do encreaſe ſucceſſively, according to the 

<lb></lb>proportion of the errors that are made by the Inſtrument, in tak­

<lb></lb>ing the obſervations, and that by converſion, from the greatneſs 

<lb></lb>of the exorbitancies, may be argued the greatneſſe of the error; 

<lb></lb>and that thereforefore hearing it to be infered from ſuch an obſer­

<lb></lb>vation, that the diſtance of the ſtar is infinite, it is neceſſary, that 

<lb></lb>the errour in obſerving was infinite, and therefore not to be amend­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/275.jpg" pagenum="265"></pb>ed, and as ſuch to be refuſed; but the buſineſſe doth not ſucceed 

<lb></lb>in that manner, my <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and I excuſe you for not having 

<lb></lb>comprehended the matter as it is, in regard of your ſmall experi­

<lb></lb>ence in ſuch affairs; but yet cannot I under that cloak palliate the 

<lb></lb>error of the Author, who diſſembling the knowledge of this which 

<lb></lb>he did perſwade himſelf that we in good earneſt did not under­

<lb></lb>ſtand, hath hoped to make uſe of our ignorance, to gain the bet­

<lb></lb>ter credit to his Doctrine, among the multitude of illiterate men. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Therefore for an advertiſement to thoſe who are more credulous 

<lb></lb>then intelligent, and to recover you from error, know that its poſ­

<lb></lb>ſible (and that for the moſt part it will come to paſſe) that an 

<lb></lb>obſervation, that giveth you the ſtar <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> at the diſtance of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sa­

<lb></lb>turn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by the adition or ſubſtraction of but one ſole minute from 

<lb></lb>the elevation taken with the inſtrument, ſhall make it to become 

<lb></lb>infinitely diſtant; and therefore of poſſible, impoſſible, and by 

<lb></lb>converſion, thoſe calculations which being grounded upon thoſe 

<lb></lb>obſervations, make the ſtar infinitely remote, may poſſibly often­

<lb></lb>times with the addition or ſubduction of one ſole minute, reduce it 

<lb></lb>to a poſſible ſcituation: and this which I ſay of a minute, may al­

<lb></lb>ſo happen in the correction of half a minute, a ſixth part, and leſs. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Now fix it well in your mind, that in the higheſt diſtances, that is 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the height of <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or that of the fixed Stars, very ſmall 

<lb></lb>errors made by the Obſervator, with the inſtrument, render the 

<lb></lb>ſcituation determinate and poſſible, infinite &amp; impoſſible. </s><s>This doth 

<lb></lb>not ſo evene in the ſublunary diſtances, and near the earth, where 

<lb></lb>it may happen that the obſervation by which the Star is collected to 

<lb></lb>be remote <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4. Semidiameters terreſtrial, may encreaſe or dimi­

<lb></lb>niſh, not onely one minute but ten, and an hundred, and many 

<lb></lb>more, without being rendred by the calculation either infinitely 

<lb></lb>remote, or ſo much as ſuperior to the Moon. </s><s>You may hence 

<lb></lb>comprehend that the greatneſſe of the error (to ſo ſpeak) inſtru­

<lb></lb>mental, are not to be valued by the event of the calculation, but 

<lb></lb>by the quantity it ſelf of degrees and minutes numbred upon the 

<lb></lb>inſtrument, and theſe obſervations are to be called more juſt or 

<lb></lb>leſs erroneous, which with the addition or ſubſtraction of fewer 

<lb></lb>minutes, reſtore the ſtar to a poſſible ſituation; and amongſt the 

<lb></lb>poſſible places, the true one may be believed to have been that, a­

<lb></lb>bout which a greater number of diſtances concurre upon calcula­

<lb></lb>ting the more exact obſervations.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I do not very well apprehend this which you ſay: nor 

<lb></lb>can I of my ſelf conceive how it can be, that in greater diſtances, 

<lb></lb>greater exorbitancies can ariſe from the errour of one minute only, 

<lb></lb>than in the ſmaller from ten or an hundred; and therefore would 

<lb></lb>gladly underſtand the ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You ſhall ſee it, if not Theorically, yet at leaſt Practi­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/276.jpg" pagenum="266"></pb>cally, by this ſhort aſſumption, that I have made of all the combi­

<lb></lb>nations, and of part of the workings pretermitted by the Author, 

<lb></lb>which I have calculated upon this ſame paper.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You muſt then from yeſterday, till now, which yet is 

<lb></lb>not above eighteen hours, have done nothing but compute, with­

<lb></lb>out taking either food or ſleep.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have refreſhed my ſelf both thoſe wayes; but truth is, 

<lb></lb>make theſe ſupputations with great brevity; and, if I may ſpeak 

<lb></lb>the truth, I have much admired, that this Author goeth ſo farre a­

<lb></lb>bout, and introduceth ſo many computations no wiſe neceſsary to 

<lb></lb>the queſtion in diſpute. </s><s>And for a full knowledge of this, and al­

<lb></lb>ſo to the end it may ſoon be ſeen, how that from the obſervations 

<lb></lb>of the Aſtronomers, whereof this Author makes uſe, it is more pro­

<lb></lb>bably gathered, that the new ſtar might have been above the 

<lb></lb>Moon, and alſo above all the Planets, yea amongſt the fixed ſtars, 

<lb></lb>and yet higher ſtill than they, I have tranſcribed upon this paper 

<lb></lb>all the obſervations ſet down by the ſaid Authour, which were 

<lb></lb>made by thirteen Aſtronomers, wherein are noted the Polar alti­

<lb></lb>tude, and the altitudes of the ſtar in the meridian, aſwell the 

<lb></lb>leſſer under the Pole, as the greater and higher, and they are 

<lb></lb>theſe.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table2"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table3"></arrow.to.target>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/277.jpg" pagenum="267"></pb><arrow.to.target n="table4"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table5"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table6"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table7"></arrow.to.target></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/278.jpg" pagenum="268"></pb><table><table.target id="table2"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the Pole</cell><cell>55</cell><cell>58</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the Star</cell><cell>84</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>the greateſt.</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>27</cell><cell>57</cell><cell>the leaſt.</cell></row><row><cell>And theſe are, according to   the firſt paper: but accor-ding to the ſecond, the   greateſt is ------------</cell><cell>27</cell><cell>45</cell><cell></cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table3"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Hainzelius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the Pole</cell><cell>48</cell><cell>22</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the Star</cell><cell>76</cell><cell>34</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>76</cell><cell>33</cell><cell>45</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>76</cell><cell>35</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>20</cell><cell>09</cell><cell>40</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>20</cell><cell>09</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>20</cell><cell>09</cell><cell>20</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table4"></table.target><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Peucerus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Sculerus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Landgravius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>54</cell><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>18</cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the Star</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>56</cell><cell>Altitude of the Star</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>23</cell><cell>33</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table5"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Camerarius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>52</cell><cell>24</cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the Star</cell><cell>80</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>80</cell><cell>27</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>80</cell><cell>26</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>24</cell><cell>28</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>24</cell><cell>20</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>24</cell><cell>17</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table6"></table.target><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Hagecius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Maurolycus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>48</cell><cell>22</cell><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>38</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the Star</cell><cell>20</cell><cell>15</cell><cell>Altitude of the Star</cell><cell>62</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Munocius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Vrſinus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>39</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>49</cell><cell>24</cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the ſtar</cell><cell>67</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>Altitude of the ſtar</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>11</cell><cell>30</cell><cell></cell><cell>22</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Reinholdus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Buchius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>18</cell><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>10</cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the ſtar</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>Altitude of the ſtar</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>20</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>23</cell><cell>02</cell><cell></cell><cell>22</cell><cell>40</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table7"></table.target><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Gemma.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the pole</cell><cell>50</cell><cell>50</cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of the ſtar</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>45</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Now to ſee my whole proceeding, we may begin from theſe 

<lb></lb>calculations, which are four, omitted by the Author, perhaps be­

<lb></lb>cauſe they make againſt him, in regard they place the ſtar above 

<lb></lb>the moon by many ſemidiameters of the Earth. </s><s>The firſt of 

<lb></lb>which is this, computed upon the obſervations of the Landgrave of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Haſſia,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; which are, even by the Authors conceſſion, 

<lb></lb>two of the moſt exact obſervers: and in this firſt, I will declare 

<lb></lb>the order that I hold in the working; which ſhall ſerve for all the 

<lb></lb>reſt, in that they are all made by the ſame rule, not varying in any 

<lb></lb>thing, ſave in the quantity of the given ſummes, that is, in the 

<lb></lb>number of the degrees of the Poles altitude, and of the new Stars 

<lb></lb>elevation above the Horizon, the diſtance of which from the cen­

<lb></lb>tre of the Earth, in proportion to the ſemidiameter of the terre­

<lb></lb>ſtrial Globe is ſought, touching which it nothing imports in this 

<lb></lb>caſe, to know how many miles that ſemidiameter conteineth; 

<lb></lb>whereupon the reſolving that, and the diſtance of places where 

<lb></lb>the obſervations were made, as this Author doth, is but time and 

<lb></lb>labour loſt; nor do I know why he hath made the ſame, and eſpe­

<lb></lb>cially why at the laſt he goeth about to reduce the miles found, in­

<lb></lb>to ſemidiameters of the Terreſtrial Globe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Perhaps he doth this to finde with ſuch ſmall meaſures, 

<lb></lb>and with their fractions the diſtance of the Star terminated to three 

<lb></lb>or four inches; for we that do not underſtand your rules of Arith­

<lb></lb>metick, are ſtupified in hearing your concluſions; as for inſtance, 

<lb></lb>whilſt we read; Therefore the new Star or Comet was diſtant 

<lb></lb>from the Earths centre three hundred ſeventy and three thouſand 

<lb></lb>eight hundred and ſeven miles; and moreover, two hundred and 

<lb></lb>eleven, four chouſand ninety ſevenths 373807 211/4097, and upon theſe 

<lb></lb>preciſe punctualities, wherein you take notice of ſuch ſmall mat­

<lb></lb>ters, we do conceive it to be impoſſible, that you, who in our cal­

<lb></lb>culations keep an account of an inch, can at the cloſe deceive us ſo 

<lb></lb>much as an hundred miles.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This your reaſon and excuſe would paſſe for currant, 

<lb></lb>if in a diſtance of thouſands of miles, a yard over or under were 

<lb></lb>of any great moment, and if the ſuppoſitions that we take for 

<lb></lb>true, were ſo certain, as that they could aſſure us of producing an 

<lb></lb>indubitable truth in the concluſion; but here you ſee in the twelve 

<lb></lb>workings of the Author, the diſtances of the Star, which from 

<lb></lb>them one may conclude to have been different from each other, 

<lb></lb>(and therefore wide of the truth) for many hundreds and thou­

<lb></lb>ſands of miles: now whilſt that I am more than certain, that that 

<lb></lb>which I ſeek muſt needs differ from the truth by hundreds of miles, 

<lb></lb>to what purppſe is it to be ſo curious in our calculations, for fear 

<lb></lb>of miſſing the quantity of an inch? </s><s>But let us proceed, at laſt, 

<lb></lb>to the working, which I reſolve in this manner. <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as may be 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/279.jpg" pagenum="269"></pb>ſeen in that ſame note obſerved the ſtar in the polar altitude of 55 

<lb></lb>degrees and 58 <emph type="italics"></emph>mi. </s><s>pri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And the polar altitude of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Landgrave<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>was 51 degrees and 18 <emph type="italics"></emph>mi. </s><s>pri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> The altitude of the ſtar in the Me­

<lb></lb>ridian taken by <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> was 27 degrees 45 <emph type="italics"></emph>mi. </s><s>pri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> The <emph type="italics"></emph>Land­

<lb></lb>grave<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> found its altitude 23 degrees 3 <emph type="italics"></emph>mi. </s><s>pri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> The which altitudes 

<lb></lb>are theſe noted here, as you ſee.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table8"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table8"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Pole</cell><cell>55</cell><cell>58</cell><cell>* 27</cell><cell>45</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Landgr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Pole</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>18</cell><cell>* 23</cell><cell>3</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>This done, ſubſtract the leſſe from the greater, and there remains 

<lb></lb>theſe differences here underneath.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table9"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table9"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell>40</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell>42</cell></row><row><cell>Parall.</cell><cell></cell><cell>2</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Where the difference of the poles altitudes 4 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>4 mi. </s><s>pr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>is leſſe than the difference of the altitudes of the Star 4 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>42 mi. 

<lb></lb></s><s>pr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and therefore we have the difference of parallaxes, 0 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>2 mi. 

<lb></lb></s><s>pri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Theſe things being found, take the Authours own figure 

<lb></lb>[<emph type="italics"></emph>Fig. </s><s>2.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>] in which the point B is the ſtation of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Landgrave,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>D the ſtation of <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> C the place of the ſtar, A the centre 

<lb></lb>of the Earth, A B E the vertical line of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Landgrave,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> A D F 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table10"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table11"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table12"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the angle B C D the difference of Parallaxes. </s><s>And 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/280.jpg" pagenum="270"></pb>becauſe the angle B A D, conteined between the vertical lines, is 

<lb></lb>equal to the difference of the Polar altitudes, it ſhall be 4<emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>40m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>which I note here apart; and I finde the chord of it by the Table 

<lb></lb>of Arches and Chords, and ſet it down neer unto it, which is 8142 

<lb></lb>parts, of which the ſemidiameter A B is 100000. Next, I finde 

<lb></lb>the angle B D C with eaſe, for the half of the angle B A D, which 

<lb></lb>is 2 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>20 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> added to a right angle, giveth the angle B D F 92 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>20 <emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to which adding the angle C D F, which is the diſtance from 

<lb></lb>the vertical point of the greateſt altitude of the Star, which here is 

<lb></lb>62 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>15 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it giveth us the quantity of the angle B D C, 

<lb></lb>154 <emph type="italics"></emph>grad. </s><s>45 min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the which I ſet down together with its Sine, 

<lb></lb>taken out of the Table, which is 42657, and under this I note 

<lb></lb>the angle of the Parallax B C D 0 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>2 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with its Sine 58. 

<lb></lb>And becauſe in the Triangle B C D, the ſide D B is to the ſide 

<lb></lb>B C; as the ſine of the oppoſite angle B C D, to the ſine of the 

<lb></lb>oppoſite angle B D C: therefore, if the line B D were 58. B C 

<lb></lb>would be 42657. And becauſe the Chord D B is 8142. of thoſe 

<lb></lb>parts whereof the ſemidiameter B A is 100000. and we ſeek to 

<lb></lb>know how many of thoſe parts is B C; therefore we will ſay, by 

<lb></lb>the Golden Rule, if when B D is 58. B G is 42657. in caſe the 

<lb></lb>ſaid D B were 8142. how much would B C be? </s><s>I multiply the 

<lb></lb>ſecond term by the third, and the product is 347313294. which 

<lb></lb>ought to be divided by the firſt, namely, by 58. and the quotient 

<lb></lb>ſhall be the number of the parts of the line B C, whereof the ſe­

<lb></lb>midiameter A B is 100000. And to know how many ſemidiame­

<lb></lb>ters B A, the ſaid line B C doth contein, it will be neceſſary anew 

<lb></lb>to divide the ſaid quotient ſo found by 100000. and we ſhall have 

<lb></lb>the number oſ ſemidiameters conteined in B G. </s><s>Now the num­

<lb></lb>ber 347313294. divided by 58. giveth 5988160 1/4. as here you 

<lb></lb>may ſee.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table13"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table10"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>Its chord 8142 of thoſe</cell></row><row><cell>Ang. B A D</cell><cell>4</cell><cell>40</cell><cell>parts, whereof the ſemid.</cell></row><row><cell>B D F</cell><cell>92</cell><cell>20</cell><cell>A B is an 100000.</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table11"></table.target><row><cell>B D C</cell><cell>154</cell><cell>45</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>42657</cell></row><row><cell>B C D</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>2</cell><cell></cell><cell>58</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table12"></table.target><row><cell>58</cell><cell>42657</cell><cell>8142</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>8142</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>85314</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>170628</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>42657</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>341256</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>59</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>58</cell><cell>3473</cell><cell>13294</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>571</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>5</cell><cell></cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table13"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>5988160 1/4</cell></row><row><cell>58</cell><cell>347313294</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>5717941</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>543</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>And this divided by 100000. the product is 59 88160/100000

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table14"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table14"></table.target><row><cell>1 |00000</cell><cell>| 59 |</cell><cell>88160.</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>But we may much abbreviate the operation, dividing the firſt 

<lb></lb>quotient found, that is, 347313294. by the product of the multi­

<lb></lb>plication of the two numbers 58. and 100000. that is,





<pb xlink:href="065/01/281.jpg" pagenum="271"></pb><arrow.to.target n="table15"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table15"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>59</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>58 00000</cell><cell>3473</cell><cell>13294</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>571</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>5</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>And this way alſo there will come forth 59 5113294/5800000</s></p><p type="main"><s>And ſo many ſemidiameters are contained in the line B C, to 

<lb></lb>which one being added for the line A B, we ſhall have little leſſe 

<lb></lb>than 61. ſemidiameters for the two lines A B C; and therefore 

<lb></lb>the right diſtance from the centre A, to the Star C, ſhall be more 

<lb></lb>than 60. ſemidiameters, and therefore it is ſuperiour to the Moon, 

<lb></lb>according to <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> more than 27. ſemidiameters, and according 

<lb></lb>to <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> more than 8. ſuppoſing that the diſtance of the 

<lb></lb>Moon from the centre of the Earth by <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> his account is 

<lb></lb>what the Author maketh it, 52 ſemidiameters. </s><s>With this ſame 

<lb></lb>working, I find by the obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Camerarius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and of <emph type="italics"></emph>Muno­

<lb></lb>ſius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that the Star was ſituate in that ſame diſtance, to wit, ſome­

<lb></lb>what more than 60. ſemidiameters. </s><s>Theſe are the obſervations, 

<lb></lb>and theſe following next after them the calculations.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table16"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table17"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table16"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>Altitude of <emph type="italics"></emph>Camerar.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>52</cell><cell>24</cell><cell>Altitude of</cell><cell>24</cell><cell>28</cell></row><row><cell>the Pole <emph type="italics"></emph>Munoſ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>39</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>the Star</cell><cell>11</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell>Differences of the</cell><cell>12</cell><cell>54</cell><cell>Differences</cell><cell>12</cell><cell>58</cell></row><row><cell>Polar Altitudes</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>of the alt. of *</cell><cell>12</cell><cell>54</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>Difference of Parallaxes</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>00</cell><cell>04. ang. BCD.</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table17"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B A D</cell><cell>12</cell><cell>54</cell><cell>and its chord or ſubtenſe 22466.</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>B D C</cell><cell>161</cell><cell>59</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>30930</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B C D</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>04</cell><cell></cell><cell>116</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>The Golden Rule.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table18"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table19"></arrow.to.target></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/282.jpg" pagenum="272"></pb><table><table.target id="table18"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>22466</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>116</cell><cell>30930</cell><cell>22466</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>673980</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>202194</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>67398</cell><cell></cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table19"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>59</cell><cell>_______</cell><cell>Diſtance B C 59. and</cell></row><row><cell>116</cell><cell>6948</cell><cell>73380</cell><cell>almoſt 60. ſemidiameters.</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1144</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>10</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The next working is made upon two obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Munoſius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from which the Star is calculated to be diſtant from 

<lb></lb>the Centre of the Earth 478 Semidiameters and more.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table20"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table21"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table22"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table20"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>Altitudes</cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>55</cell><cell>58</cell><cell>Altitude</cell><cell>84</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>of the Pole.</cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Munoſ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>39</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>of the Star.</cell><cell>67</cell><cell>30</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table21"></table.target><row><cell>Differences of the</cell><cell>16</cell><cell>28</cell><cell>Differ. of the</cell><cell>16 30</cell></row><row><cell>Polar Altitudes.</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>Alt. of the *</cell><cell>16 28</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>Difference of Parallax.</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>0 2 and ang. BCD</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table22"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>B A D.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>16</cell><cell>28</cell><cell>its chord</cell><cell>28640</cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>B D C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>104</cell><cell>14</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>96930</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>B C D.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>0</cell><cell>2</cell><cell></cell><cell>58</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>The Golden Rule.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table23"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table23"></table.target><row><cell>58</cell><cell>96930</cell><cell>28640</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>28640</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>3877200</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>58158</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>77544</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>19386</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>478</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>58</cell><cell>27760</cell><cell>75200</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4506</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>53</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Theſe workings following make the Star remote from the Cen­

<lb></lb>tre, more than 358 Semidiameters.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table24"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table25"></arrow.to.target></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/283.jpg" pagenum="273"></pb><table><table.target id="table24"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>Altitudes</cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Peucerus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>51</cell><cell>54</cell><cell>Altitude</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>56</cell></row><row><cell>of the Pole.</cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Munoſius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>39</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>of the *</cell><cell>47</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>12</cell><cell>24</cell><cell></cell><cell>12</cell><cell>26</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>12</cell><cell>24</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>0</cell><cell>2</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table25"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>B A D.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>12</cell><cell>24</cell><cell>its chord</cell><cell>21600</cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>B D C.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>106</cell><cell>16</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>95996</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>B C D.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>0</cell><cell>2</cell><cell></cell><cell>58</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The Golden Rule.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table26"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table26"></table.target><row><cell>58</cell><cell>----95996</cell><cell>----21600</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>21600</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>57597600</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>95996</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>191992</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>357</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>58</cell><cell>20735</cell><cell>13600</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>3339</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>42</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>From this other working the ſtar is found to be diſtant from the 

<lb></lb>centre more than 716. ſemidiameters.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table27"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table28"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table27"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>Altitudes</cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Landgr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>51</cell><cell>18</cell><cell>Altitude</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>of the Pole</cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Hainzel.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>48</cell><cell>22</cell><cell>of the Star</cell><cell>76</cell><cell>33</cell><cell>45</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell>56</cell><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell>56</cell><cell>15</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell>56</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>0</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>15</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table28"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B A D</cell><cell>2</cell><cell>56</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>its Chord</cell><cell>5120</cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>B D C</cell><cell>101</cell><cell>58</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>97845</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B C D</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>15</cell><cell></cell><cell>7</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The Golden Rule.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table29"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table29"></table.target><row><cell>7</cell><cell>----97845</cell><cell>----5120</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>5120</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1956900</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>57845</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>489225</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>715</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>7</cell><cell>5009</cell><cell>66400</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Theſe as you ſee are five workings which place the ſtar very 

<lb></lb>much above the Moon. </s><s>And here I deſire you to conſider upon 

<lb></lb>that particular, which even now I told you, namely, that in great 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/284.jpg" pagenum="274"></pb>diſtances, the mutations, or if you pleaſe corrections, of a ve­

<lb></lb>ry few minutes, removeth the ſtar a very great way farther off. 

<lb></lb></s><s>As for example, in the firſt of theſe workings, where the calcu­

<lb></lb>lation made the ſtar 60. ſemidiameters remote from the centre, 

<lb></lb>with the Parallax of 2. minutes; he that would maintain that it 

<lb></lb>was in the Firmament, is to correct in the obſervations but onely 

<lb></lb>two minutes, nay leſſe, for then the Parallax ceaſeth, or be­

<lb></lb>commeth ſo ſmall, that it removeth the ſtar to an immenſe di­

<lb></lb>ſtance, which by all is received to be the Firmament. </s><s>In the ſe­

<lb></lb>cond indagation, or working, the correction of leſſe than 4 <emph type="italics"></emph>m. 

<lb></lb></s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> doth the ſame. </s><s>In the third, and fourth, like as in the firſt, 

<lb></lb>two minutes onely mount the ſtar even above the Firmament. 

<lb></lb></s><s>In the laſt preceding, a quarter of a minute, that is 15. ſeconds, 

<lb></lb>gives us the ſame. </s><s>But it doth not ſo occur in the ſublunary alti­

<lb></lb>tudes; for if you fancy to your ſelf what diſtance you moſt 

<lb></lb>like, and go about to correct the workings made by the Au­

<lb></lb>thour, and adjuſt them ſo as that they all anſwer in the ſame 

<lb></lb>determinate diſtance, you will find how much greater correcti­

<lb></lb>ons they do require.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It cannot but help us in our fuller underſtanding of 

<lb></lb>things, to ſee ſome examples of this which you ſpeak of.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Do you aſſign any whatſoever determinate ſublunary 

<lb></lb>diſtance at pleaſure in which to conſtitute the ſtar, for with ſmall 

<lb></lb>ado we may aſſertain our ſelves whether corrections like to theſe, 

<lb></lb>which we ſee do ſuffice to reduce it amongſt the fixed ſtars, will 

<lb></lb>reduce it to the place by you aſſigned.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>To take a diſtance that may favour the Authour, we 

<lb></lb>will ſuppoſe it to be that which is the greateſt of all thoſe found 

<lb></lb>by him in his 12 workings; for whilſt it is in controverſie be­

<lb></lb>tween him and Aſtronomers, and that they affirm the ſtar to 

<lb></lb>have been ſuperiour to the Moon, and he that it was inferiour, 

<lb></lb>very ſmall ſpace that he proveth it to have been lower, giveth 

<lb></lb>him the victory.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Let us therefore take the ſeventh working wrought 

<lb></lb>upon the obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Thaddæus Hagecius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by 

<lb></lb>which the Authour found the ſtar to have been diſtant from the 

<lb></lb>centre 32. ſemidiameters, which ſituation is moſt favourable to 

<lb></lb>his purpoſe; and to give him all advantages, let us moreover 

<lb></lb>place it in the diſtance moſt disfavouring the <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomers,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which 

<lb></lb>is to ſituate it above the Firmament. </s><s>That therefore being ſup­

<lb></lb>poſed, let us ſeek in the next place what corrections it would be ne­

<lb></lb>ceſſary to apply to his other 11 workings. </s><s>And let us begin at the 

<lb></lb>firſt calculated upon the obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Hainzelius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Mauroice<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; 

<lb></lb>in which the Authour findeth the diſtance from the centre about 

<lb></lb>3. ſemidiameters with the Parallax of 4 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>42 m. </s><s>30. ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Let 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/285.jpg" pagenum="275"></pb>us ſee whether by withdrawing it 20. minutes onely, it will riſe 

<lb></lb>to the height of 32. ſemidiameters: See the ſhort and true opera­

<lb></lb>tion. </s><s>Multiply the ſine of the angle B D C, by the ſine of the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table30"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table31"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table32"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>chord B D, and divide the product, the five laſt figures being cut 

<lb></lb>off by the ſine of the Parallax, and the quotient will be 28. ſe­

<lb></lb>midiameters, and an half, ſo that though you make a correction 

<lb></lb>of 4 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>22 min. </s><s>30 ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> taken from 4 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>42 min. </s><s>30 ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it ſhall 

<lb></lb>not elevate the ſtar to the altitude of 32. ſemidiameters, which 

<lb></lb>correction for <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> his underſtanding it, is of 262. minutes, 

<lb></lb>and an half.</s></p><table><table.target id="table30"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Hainzelius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>Pole</cell><cell>48</cell><cell>32</cell><cell>----*</cell><cell>76</cell><cell>34</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Maurolicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>Pole</cell><cell>38</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>----*</cell><cell>62</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>9</cell><cell>52</cell><cell></cell><cell>14</cell><cell>34</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>9</cell><cell>52</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>Parallax</cell><cell>4</cell><cell>42</cell><cell>30</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table31"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B A D</cell><cell>9</cell><cell>52</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>17200</cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>B D C</cell><cell>108</cell><cell>21</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>94910</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B C D</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>20</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>582</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table32"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>94910</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>17200</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>18982000</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>66437</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>9491</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>28</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>582</cell><cell>16324</cell><cell>52000</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4688</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>In the ſecond operation made upon the obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Hain­

<lb></lb>zelius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Sculerus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with the Parallax of 0 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>8 min. </s><s>30 ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>the ſtar is found in the height of 25. ſemidiameters or therea­

<lb></lb>bouts, as may be ſeen in the ſubſequent working.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table33"></arrow.to.target>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/286.jpg" pagenum="276"></pb><arrow.to.target n="table34"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table33"></table.target><row><cell>B D</cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>6166</cell></row><row><cell>B D C</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>97987</cell></row><row><cell>B C D</cell><cell></cell><cell>247</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table34"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>97987</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>6166</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>587922</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>587922</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>97987</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>587922</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>24</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>247</cell><cell>6041</cell><cell>87842</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1103</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>11</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>And bringing back the Parallax 0 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>8 m. </s><s>30 ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to 7 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>7 <emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whoſe ſine is 204, the ſtar elevateth to 30 ſemidiameters or 

<lb></lb>thereabouts; therefore the correction of 0 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>1 mi. </s><s>30 ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> doth 

<lb></lb>not ſuffice.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table35"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table35"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>20</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>204</cell><cell>6041</cell><cell>87342</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1965</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>12</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Now let us ſee what correction is requiſite for the third work­

<lb></lb>ing made upon the obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Hainzelius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which 

<lb></lb>rendereth the ſtar about 19 ſemidiameters high, with the Pa­

<lb></lb>rallax of 10 <emph type="italics"></emph>m. </s><s>pri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> The uſual angles and their ſines, and chord 

<lb></lb>found by the Authour, are theſe next following; and they re­

<lb></lb>move the ſtar (as alſo in the Authours working) 19 ſemidia­

<lb></lb>meters from the centre of the Earth. </s><s>It is neceſſary therefore for 

<lb></lb>the raiſing of it, to diminiſh the Parallax according to the Rule 

<lb></lb>which he likewiſe obſerveth in the ninth working. </s><s>Let us there­

<lb></lb>fore ſuppoſe the Parallax to be 6 <emph type="italics"></emph>m. </s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whoſe ſine is 175, and 

<lb></lb>the diviſion being made, there is found likewiſe leſſe than 31 

<lb></lb>ſemidiameters for the ſtars diſtance. </s><s>And therefore the correcti­

<lb></lb>on of 4 <emph type="italics"></emph>min. </s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is too little to ſerve the Authours purpoſe.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table36"></arrow.to.target>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/287.jpg" pagenum="277"></pb><arrow.to.target n="table37"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table36"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>B A D</cell><cell>7</cell><cell>36</cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>13254</cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>B D C</cell><cell>155</cell><cell>52</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>40886</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B C D</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>10</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>291</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table37"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>13254</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>40886</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>79524</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>106032</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>106032</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>53016</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>18</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell>291</cell><cell>5419</cell><cell>03044</cell><cell>175</cell><cell>5419</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>250</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>16</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>181</cell><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Let us come to the fourth working, and the reſt with the ſame 

<lb></lb>rule, and with the chords and ſines found out by the Authour 

<lb></lb>himſelf; in this the Parallax is 14 <emph type="italics"></emph>m. </s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the height found 

<lb></lb>leſſe than 10 ſemidiameters, and diminiſhing the Parallax from 

<lb></lb>14 <emph type="italics"></emph>min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to 4 <emph type="italics"></emph>min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> yet nevertheleſſe you ſee that the ſtar doth not 

<lb></lb>elevate full 31 ſemidiameters. </s><s>Therefore 10 <emph type="italics"></emph>min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in 14 <emph type="italics"></emph>min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> doth 

<lb></lb>not ſuffice.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table38"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table39"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table38"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>B A D</cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>8142</cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>B D C</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>43235</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B C D</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>407</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table39"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>43235</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>8142</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>86470</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>172940</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>43235</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>345880</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>30</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>116</cell><cell>3520</cell><cell>19370</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>In the fifth operation of the Authour we have the ſines and the 

<lb></lb>chord as you ſee, and the Parallax is 0 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>42 m. </s><s>30 ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which 

<lb></lb>rendereth the height of the ſtar about 4 ſemidiameters, and cor­

<lb></lb>recting the Parallax, with reducing it from 0 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>42 m. </s><s>30 ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>to 0 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>5 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> onely, doth not ſuffice to raiſe it to ſo much as 28 ſe­

<lb></lb>midiameters, the correction therefore of 0 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>37 m. </s><s>30 ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is 

<lb></lb>too little.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table40"></arrow.to.target>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/288.jpg" pagenum="278"></pb><arrow.to.target n="table41"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table40"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>B A D</cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>4034</cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>B D C</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>97998</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>B C D</cell><cell></cell><cell>1236</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table41"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>97998</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4034</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>391992</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>293994</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>391992</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>27</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>145</cell><cell>3953</cell><cell>23932</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1058</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>3</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>In the ſixth operation the chord, the ſines and Parallax are as 

<lb></lb>followeth, and the ſtar is found to be about 4 ſemidiameters; let 

<lb></lb>us ſee whether it will be reduced, abating the Parallax from 8 <emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>to 1 <emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> onely; Here is the operation, and the ſtar raiſed but to 

<lb></lb>27. ſemidiameters or thereabout; therefore the correction of 7 <emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>in 8 <emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> doth not ſuffice.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table42"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table43"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table42"></table.target><row><cell>B D</cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>1920</cell></row><row><cell>B D C</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>40248</cell></row><row><cell>B C D 8 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>233</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table43"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>40248</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1920</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>804960</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>362232</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>40248</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>26</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>29</cell><cell>772</cell><cell>76160</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>198</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>In the eighth operation the chord, the ſines, and the Parallax, 

<lb></lb>as you ſee, are theſe enſuing, and hence the Authour calculates 

<lb></lb>the height of the ſtar to be 1. ſemidiameter and an half, with the 

<lb></lb>Parallax of 43. <emph type="italics"></emph>min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which reduced to 1 <emph type="italics"></emph>min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> yet notwithſtand­

<lb></lb>ing giveth the ſtar leſſe remote than 24. ſemidiameters, the corre­

<lb></lb>ction therefore of 42. <emph type="italics"></emph>min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is not enough.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table44"></arrow.to.target>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/289.jpg" pagenum="279"></pb><arrow.to.target n="table45"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table44"></table.target><row><cell>B D</cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>1804</cell></row><row><cell>B D C</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>36643</cell></row><row><cell>B C D</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>29</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table45"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>36643</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1804</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>146572</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>293144</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>36643</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>22</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>29</cell><cell>661</cell><cell>03972</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>83</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Let us now ſee the ninth. </s><s>Here is the chord, the ſines and 

<lb></lb>the Parallax which is 15 <emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> From whence the Authour calcu­

<lb></lb>lates the diſtance of the ſtar from the ſuperficies of the Earth 

<lb></lb>to be leſſe than a ^{*} ſeven and fortieth part of a ſemidiameter, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg513"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>but this is an errour in the calcultaion, for it cometh forth truly, 

<lb></lb>as we ſhall ſee here below, more than a ſifth: See here the quo­

<lb></lb>tienr is 90/436, which is more than one fifth.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table46"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table47"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg513"></margin.target>* Here the La­

<lb></lb>tine verſion is erro­

<lb></lb>neous, making it 

<lb></lb>a fortieth part of, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><table><table.target id="table46"></table.target><row><cell>B D</cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>232</cell></row><row><cell>B D C</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>39046</cell></row><row><cell>B C D</cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>436</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table47"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>39046</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>232</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>78092</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>117138</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>78092</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>436</cell><cell>90</cell><cell>58672</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>That which the Authour preſently after ſubjoyns in way of 

<lb></lb>amending the obſervations, that is, that it ſuſſiceth not to re­

<lb></lb>duce the difference of Parallax, neither to a minute, nor yet 

<lb></lb>to the eighth part of a minute is true. </s><s>But I ſay, that neither 

<lb></lb>will the tenth part of a minute reduce the height of the ſtar to 

<lb></lb>32. ſemidiameters; for the ſine of the tenth part of a minute, 

<lb></lb>that is of ſix ſeconds, is 3; by which if we according to our Rule 

<lb></lb>ſhould divide 90. or we may ſay, if we ſhould divide 9058672. 

<lb></lb>by 300000. the quotient will be 30 58672/100000, that is little more 

<lb></lb>than 30. ſemidiameters and an half.</s></p><p type="main"><s>The tenth giveth the altitude of the ſtar one fifth of a ſemi­

<lb></lb>diameter, with theſe angles, ſines, and Parallax, that is, 4 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/290.jpg" pagenum="280"></pb>30 <emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which I ſee that being reduced from 4 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>30 min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to 2 <emph type="italics"></emph>min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>yet nevertheleſſe it elevates not the ſtar to 29. ſemidiameters.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table48"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table49"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table48"></table.target><row><cell>B D</cell><cell></cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>1746</cell></row><row><cell>B D C</cell><cell></cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>92050</cell></row><row><cell>B C D</cell><cell>4 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. 30 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>7846</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table49"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>92050</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>17460</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>552300</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>36820</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>64435</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>9205</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>27</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>58</cell><cell>1607</cell><cell>19300</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>441</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The eleventh rendereth the ſtar to the Authour remote about 

<lb></lb>13. ſemidiameters, with the Parallax of 55. <emph type="italics"></emph>min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> let us ſee, re­

<lb></lb>ducing it to 20 <emph type="italics"></emph>min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whether it will exalt the ſtar: See here the 

<lb></lb>calculation elevates it to little leſſe than 33. ſemidiameters, the 

<lb></lb>correction therefore is little leſſe than 35. <emph type="italics"></emph>min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in 55. <emph type="italics"></emph>min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table50"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table51"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table50"></table.target><row><cell>B D</cell><cell></cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>19748</cell></row><row><cell>B D C</cell><cell></cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>96166</cell></row><row><cell>B C D</cell><cell>o <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. 55 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>1600</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table51"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>96166</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>19748</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>639328</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>384664</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>673162</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>865494</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>96166</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>32</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>582</cell><cell>18990</cell><cell>56168</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1536</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>56</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The twelfth with the Parallax of 1. <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>36. min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> maketh the 

<lb></lb>ſtar leſſe high than 6. ſemidiameters, reducing the Parallax to 

<lb></lb>20 <emph type="italics"></emph>min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it carrieth the ſtar to leſſe than 30. ſemidiameters di­

<lb></lb>ſtance, therefore the correction of 1 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>16. min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſufficeth not.





<pb xlink:href="065/01/291.jpg" pagenum="281"></pb><arrow.to.target n="table52"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table53"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table52"></table.target><row><cell>B D</cell><cell></cell><cell>Chord</cell><cell>17258</cell></row><row><cell>B D C</cell><cell></cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>96150</cell></row><row><cell>B C D</cell><cell>1 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. 36 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>Sine</cell><cell>2792</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table53"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>17258</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>96150</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>862900</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>17258</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>103548</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>155322</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>28</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>582</cell><cell>16593</cell><cell>56700</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4957</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>29</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>Theſe are the Corrections of the Parallaxes 

<lb></lb>of the ten workings of the Author, to 

<lb></lb>reduce the Star to the altitude of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>32 <emph type="italics"></emph>Semidiameters.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table54"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table55"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table54"></table.target><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell>04</cell><cell>22</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>04</cell><cell>42</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell>00</cell><cell>04</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>10</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>00</cell><cell>10</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>14</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>00</cell><cell>37</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>42</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell>00</cell><cell>07</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>18</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>00</cell><cell>42</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>43</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>00</cell><cell>14</cell><cell>50</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>15</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>04</cell><cell>28</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>04</cell><cell>30</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>00</cell><cell>35</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>55</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell>01</cell><cell>16</cell><cell>00</cell><cell>in</cell><cell>01</cell><cell>36</cell><cell>00</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table55"></table.target><row><cell>216</cell><cell>296.60</cell></row><row><cell>540</cell><cell>240.9</cell></row><row><cell>765</cell><cell>836.540</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>From hence we ſee, that to reduce the Star to 32. Semidiame­

<lb></lb>ters in altitude, it is requiſite from the ſum of the Parallaxes 836. 

<lb></lb>to ſubtract 756. and to reduce them to 80. nor yet doth that 

<lb></lb>correction ſuffice.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/292.jpg" pagenum="282"></pb><p type="main"><s>Here we ſee alſo, (as I have noted even now) that ſhould the 

<lb></lb>Authour conſent to aſſign the diſtance of 32. Semidiameters for 

<lb></lb>the true height of the Star, the correction of thoſe his 10. workings, 

<lb></lb>(I ſay 10. becauſe the ſecond being very high, is reduced to the 

<lb></lb>height of 32. Semidiameters, with 2. minutes correction) to make 

<lb></lb>them all to reſtore the ſaid Star to that diſtance, would require ſuch 

<lb></lb>a reduction of Parallaxes, that amongſt the whole number of ſub 

<lb></lb>ſtractions they ſhould make more than 756 <emph type="italics"></emph>m. </s><s>pr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whereas in the 

<lb></lb>5. calculated by me, which do place the Star above the Moon, to 

<lb></lb>correct them in ſuch ſort, as to conſtitute it in the Firmament, 

<lb></lb>the correction onely of 10. minutes, and one fourth ſufficeth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Now adde to theſe, other 5. workings, that place the Star pre­

<lb></lb>ciſely in the Firmament, without need of any correction at all, 

<lb></lb>and we ſhall have ten workings or indagations that agree to place 

<lb></lb>it in the Firmament, with the correction onely of 5. of them (as 

<lb></lb>hath been ſeen) but 10. <emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 15 <emph type="italics"></emph>ſec.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Whereas for the correcti­

<lb></lb>on of thoſe 10. of the Authour, to reduce them to the altitude of 

<lb></lb>32. ſemidiameters, there will need the emendations of 756 mi­

<lb></lb>nutes in 836. that is, there muſt from the ſumme 836 be ſubſtra­

<lb></lb>cted 756. if you would have the Star elevated to the altitude of 

<lb></lb>32. ſemidiameters, and yet that correction doth not fully ſerve.</s></p><p type="main"><s>The workings that immediately without any correction free the 

<lb></lb>Star from Parallaxes, and therefore place it in the Firmament, 

<lb></lb>and that alſo in the remoteſt parts of it, and in a word, as high 

<lb></lb>as the Pole it ſelf, are theſe 5. noted here.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table56"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table56"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Camerar.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>Polar altit.</cell><cell>52</cell><cell>24</cell><cell>Altit. of the Star</cell><cell>80</cell><cell>26</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Peucerus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell>51</cell><cell>54</cell><cell></cell><cell>79</cell><cell>56</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>0</cell><cell>30</cell><cell></cell><cell>0</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Landgrav.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>Polar altit.</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>18</cell><cell>Altit. of the Star</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Hainzel.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell>48</cell><cell>22</cell><cell></cell><cell>76</cell><cell>34</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell>56</cell><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell>56</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>Polar altit.</cell><cell>55</cell><cell>58</cell><cell>Altit. of the Star</cell><cell>84</cell><cell>00</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Peucerus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell>51</cell><cell>54</cell><cell></cell><cell>79</cell><cell>56</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell>4</cell><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell>4</cell></row>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/293.jpg" pagenum="283"></pb><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Reinhold.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>Polar altit.</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>18</cell><cell>Altit. of the Star</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Hainzel.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell>48</cell><cell>22</cell><cell></cell><cell>36</cell><cell>34</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell>56</cell><cell></cell><cell>2</cell><cell>56</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Camerar.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>Polar altit.</cell><cell>52</cell><cell>24</cell><cell>Altit. of the Star</cell><cell>24</cell><cell>17</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Hagecius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell>48</cell><cell>22</cell><cell></cell><cell>20</cell><cell>15</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell>2</cell><cell></cell><cell>4</cell><cell>2</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Of the remaining combinations that might be made of the Ob­

<lb></lb>ſervations of all theſe Aſtronomers, thoſe that make the Stars ſub­

<lb></lb>lime to an infinite diſtance, are many in number, namely, about 

<lb></lb>30. more than thoſe who give the Star, by calculation, to be be­

<lb></lb>low the Moon; and becauſe (as it was agreed npon between us) it 

<lb></lb>is to be believed that the Obſervators have erred rather little than 

<lb></lb>much, it is a manifeſt thing that the corrections to be applied to 

<lb></lb>the Obſervaations, which make the ſtar of an infinite altitude, to 

<lb></lb>reduce it lower, do ſooner, and with leſſer amendment place it in 

<lb></lb>the Firmament, than beneath the Moon; ſo that all theſe applaud 

<lb></lb>the opinion of thoſe who put it amongſt the fixed Stars. </s><s>You may 

<lb></lb>adde, that the corrections required for thoſe emendations, are 

<lb></lb>much leſſer than thoſe, by which the Star from an unlikely proxi­

<lb></lb>mity may be removed to the height more favourable for this Au­

<lb></lb>thour, as by the foregoing examples hath been ſeen; amongſt 

<lb></lb>which impoſſible proximities, there are three that ſeem to remove 

<lb></lb>the Star from the Earths centre, a leſſe diſtance than one Semidi­

<lb></lb>ameter, making it, as it were, to turn round under ground, and 

<lb></lb>theſe are thoſe combinations, wherein the Polar altitude of one 

<lb></lb>of the Obſervators being greater than the Polar altitude of the 

<lb></lb>other, the elevation of the Star taken by the firſt, is leſſer than the 

<lb></lb>elation of the Star taken by the latter.</s></p><p type="main"><s>The firſt of theſe is this of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Landgrave<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with <emph type="italics"></emph>Gemma,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>where the Polar altitude of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Landgrave 51 gr. </s><s>18 min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is 

<lb></lb>greater than the Polar altitude of <emph type="italics"></emph>Gemma,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which is 50 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>50 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>But the altitude of the Star of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Landgrave 79 gr. </s><s>30 min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>is leſſer than that of the Star, of <emph type="italics"></emph>Gemma 79 gr. </s><s>45 min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table57"></arrow.to.target></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/294.jpg" pagenum="284"></pb><table><table.target id="table57"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Landgrave<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>Polar altit.</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>18</cell><cell>Altit. of the Star</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Gemma<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell>50</cell><cell>50</cell><cell></cell><cell>79</cell><cell>45</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The other two are theſe below.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table58"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table58"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Buſchius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>Polar Altitude</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>10</cell><cell>Altit. of the Star</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>20</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Gemma.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell>50</cell><cell>50</cell><cell></cell><cell>79</cell><cell>45</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Reinholdus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell>Polar Altitude</cell><cell>51</cell><cell>18</cell><cell>Altit. of the Star</cell><cell>79</cell><cell>30</cell></row><row><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>Gemma.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell>50</cell><cell>50</cell><cell></cell><cell>79</cell><cell>45</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>From what I have hitherto demonſtrated, you may gueſſe how 

<lb></lb>much this firſt way of finding out the diſtance of the Star, and 

<lb></lb>proving it ſublunary introduced by the Authour, maketh againſt 

<lb></lb>himſelf, and how much more probably and clearly the diſtance 

<lb></lb>thereof is collected to have been amongſt the more remote fixed 

<lb></lb>Stars.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>As to this particular, I think that the inefficacy of the 

<lb></lb>Authors demonftrations is very plainly diſcovered; But I ſee that all 

<lb></lb>this was compriſed in but a few leaves of his Book, and it may be, 

<lb></lb>that ſome other of his Arguments are more concluſive then theſe 

<lb></lb>firſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Rather they muſt needs be leſſe valid, if we will take 

<lb></lb>thoſe that lead the way for a proof of the reſt: For (as it is clear) 

<lb></lb>the uncertainty and inconcluſiveneſſe of thoſe, is manifeſtly ob­

<lb></lb>ſerved to derive it ſelf from the errours committed in the inſtru­

<lb></lb>mental obſervations, upon which the Polar Altitude, and height 

<lb></lb>of the Star was thought to have been juſtly taken, all in effect 

<lb></lb>having eaſily erred; And yet to find the Altitude of the Pole, A­

<lb></lb>ſtronomers have had Ages of time to apply themſelves to it, at their 

<lb></lb>leaſure: and the Meridian Altitudes of the Star are eaſier to be 

<lb></lb>obſerved, as being moſt terminate, and yielding the Obſervator 

<lb></lb>ſome time to continue the ſame, in regard they change not ſenſibly, 

<lb></lb>in a ſhort time, as thoſe do that are remote from the Meridian. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>if this be ſo, as it is moſt certain, what credit ſhall we give to Calcu­

<lb></lb>lations founded upon Obſervations more numerous, more difficult 

<lb></lb>to be wrought, more momentary in variation, and we may add, 

<lb></lb>with Inſtruments more incommodious and erroneous? </s><s>Upon a 

<lb></lb>ſlight peruſal of the enſuing demonſtrations, I ſee that the Com­

<lb></lb>putations are made upon Altitudes of the Star taken in different 

<lb></lb>Vertical Circles, which are called by the Arabick name, <emph type="italics"></emph>Azimuths<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; in 

<lb></lb>which obſervations moveable inſtruments are made uſe of, not on­

<lb></lb>ly in the Vertical Circles, but in the Horizon alſo, at the ſame time; 

<lb></lb>inſomuch that it is requiſite in the ſame moment that the altitude 

<lb></lb>is taken, to have obſerved, in the Horizon, the diſtance of the Vir­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/295.jpg" pagenum="285"></pb>tical point in which the Star is, from the Meridian; Moreover, 

<lb></lb>after a conſiderable interval of time, the operation muſt be re­

<lb></lb>peated, and exact account kept of the time that paſſed, truſting 

<lb></lb>either to Dials, or to other obſervations of the Stars. </s><s>Such an <emph type="italics"></emph>Olio<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>of Obſervations doth he ſet before you, comparing them with 

<lb></lb>ſuch another made by another obſerver in another place with a­

<lb></lb>nother different inſtrument, and at another time; and from this 

<lb></lb>the Authour ſeeks to collect what would have been, the Elevations 

<lb></lb>of the Star, and Horizontal Latitudes happened in the time and 

<lb></lb>hour of the other firſt obſervations, and upon ſuch a coæquation he 

<lb></lb>in the end grounds his account. </s><s>Now I refer it to you, what credit 

<lb></lb>is to be given to that which is deduced from ſuch like workings. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Moreover, I doubt not in the leaſt, but that if any one would tor­

<lb></lb>ture himſelf with ſuch tedious computations, he would find, as in 

<lb></lb>thoſe aforegoing, that there were more that would favour the ad­

<lb></lb>verſe party, than the Authour: But I think it not worth the while 

<lb></lb>to take ſo much pains in a thing, which is not, amongſt thoſe prima­

<lb></lb>ry ones, by us underſtood.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am of your Opinion in this particular: But this buſi­

<lb></lb>neſſe being environed with ſo many intricacies, uncertainties, and 

<lb></lb>errours, upon what confidence have ſo many Aſtronomers poſitive­

<lb></lb>ly pronounced the new Star to have been ſo high?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Upon two ſorts of obſervations moſt plain, moſt eaſie, 

<lb></lb>and moſt certain; one only of which is more than ſufficient to aſſure 

<lb></lb>us, that it was ſcituate in the Firmament, or at leaſt by a great 

<lb></lb>diſtance ſuperiour to the Moon. </s><s>One of which is taken from the 

<lb></lb>equality, or little differing inequality of its diſtances from the 

<lb></lb>Pole, aſwell whilſt it was in the loweſt part of the Meridian, as 

<lb></lb>when it was in the uppermoſt: The other is its having perpetual­

<lb></lb>ly kept the ſame diſtances from certain of the fixed Stars, adjacent 

<lb></lb>to it, and particularly from the eleventh of <emph type="italics"></emph>Caſſiopea,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> no more 

<lb></lb>remote from it than one degree and an half; from which two par­

<lb></lb>ticulars is undoubtedly inferred, either the abſolute want of Paral­

<lb></lb>lax, or ſuch a ſmalneſſe thereof, that it doth aſſure us with very 

<lb></lb>expeditious Calculations of its great diſtance from the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But theſe things, were they not known to this Author? 

<lb></lb></s><s>and if he ſaw them, what doth he ſay unto them?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We are wont to ſay, of one that having no reply that 

<lb></lb>is able to cover his fault, produceth frivolous excuſes, <emph type="italics"></emph>cerca di at­

<lb></lb>taccarſi alle funi del cielo,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> [He ſtrives to take hold of the Cords of 

<lb></lb>Heaven;] but this Authour runs, not to the Cords, but to the Spi­

<lb></lb>ders Web of Heaven; as you ſhall plainly ſee in our examination 

<lb></lb>of theſe two particulars even now hinted. </s><s>And firſt, that which 

<lb></lb>ſheweth us the Polar diſtances of the Obſervators one by one, I 

<lb></lb>have noted down in theſe brief Calculations; For a full under­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/296.jpg" pagenum="286"></pb>ſtanding of which, I ought firſt to advertiſe you, that when ever 

<lb></lb>the new Star, or other Phænomenon is near to the earth, turning 

<lb></lb>with a Diurnal motion about the Pole, it will ſeem to be farther 

<lb></lb>off from the ſaid Pole, whilſt it is in the lower part of the Meridi­

<lb></lb>an, then whilſt it is above, as in this Figure [<emph type="italics"></emph>being fig. </s><s>third of 

<lb></lb>this Dial.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>] may be ſeen. </s><s>In which the point T. denotes the cen­

<lb></lb>tre of the Earth; O the place of the Obſervator; the Arch VPC 

<lb></lb>the Firmament; P. the Pole. </s><s>The <emph type="italics"></emph>Phænomenon,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> [<emph type="italics"></emph>or appearance<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>] 

<lb></lb>moving along the Circle F S. is ſeen one while under the Pole by 

<lb></lb>the Ray O F C. and another while above, according to the Ray 

<lb></lb>O S D. ſo that the places ſeen in the Firmament are D. and C. but 

<lb></lb>the true places in reſpect of the Centre T, are B, and A, equidi­

<lb></lb>ſtant from the Pole. </s><s>Where it is manifeſt that the apparent place 

<lb></lb>of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Phænomenon<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> S, that is the point D, is nearer to the Pole than 

<lb></lb>the other apparent place C, ſeen along the Line or Ray O F C, 

<lb></lb>which is the firſt thing to be noted. </s><s>In the ſecond place you muſt 

<lb></lb>note that the exces of the apparent inferiour diſtance from the Pole, 

<lb></lb>over and above the apparent ſuperiour diſtance from the ſaid Pole, 

<lb></lb>is greater than the Inferiour Parallax of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Phænomenon,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that is, I 

<lb></lb>ſay, that the exceſſe of the Arch C P, (the apparent inferior di­

<lb></lb>ſtance) over and above the Arch P D, (the apparent ſuperior di­

<lb></lb>ſtance) is greater then the Arch C A, (that is the inferiour Para­

<lb></lb>lax.) Which is eaſily proved; for the Arch C P. more exceedeth 

<lb></lb>P D, then P B; P B, being bigger than P D, but P B. is equal to 

<lb></lb>P A, and the exceſſe of C P, above P A, is the arch, C A, there­

<lb></lb>fore the exceſſe of the arch C P above the arch P D, is great­

<lb></lb>er than the arch C A, which is the parallax of the Phænomenon 

<lb></lb>placed in F, which was to be demonſtrated. </s><s>And to give all ad­

<lb></lb>vantages to the Author, let us ſuppoſe that the parallax of the ſtar 

<lb></lb>in F, is the whole exceſſe of the arch C P (that is of the inferiour 

<lb></lb>diſtance from the pole) above the arch P D (the inferiour di­

<lb></lb>ſtance.) I proceed in the next place to examine that which the 

<lb></lb>obſervations of all Aſtronomers cited by the Authour giveth us, 

<lb></lb>amongſt which, there is not one that maketh not againſt himſelf 

<lb></lb>and his purpoſe. </s><s>And let us begin with theſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Buſchius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who 

<lb></lb>findeth the ſtars diſtance from the pole, when it was ſuperiour, to be 

<lb></lb>28 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>10 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the inferiour to be 28 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>30 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſo that the ex­

<lb></lb>ceſſe is 0 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>20 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which let us take (in favour of the Author) as 

<lb></lb>if it all were the parallax of the ſtar in F, that is the angle T F O. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Then the diſtance from the <emph type="italics"></emph>Vertex<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> [or Zenith] that is the arch 

<lb></lb>C V, is 67 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>20 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Theſe two things being found, prolong the 

<lb></lb>line C O, and from it let fall the perpendicular T I, and let us 

<lb></lb>conſider the triangle T O I, of which the angle I is right angle, 

<lb></lb>and the angle I O T known, as being vertical to the angle V O C, 

<lb></lb>the diſtance of the ſtar from the <emph type="italics"></emph>Vertex,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Moreover in the triangle 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/297.jpg" pagenum="287"></pb>T I F, which is alſo rectangular, there is known the angle F, ta­

<lb></lb>ken by the parallax. </s><s>Then note in ſome place apart the two an­

<lb></lb>gles I O T and I F T, and of them take the ſines, which are 

<lb></lb>here ſet down to them, as you ſeen. </s><s>And becauſe in the triangle 

<lb></lb>I O T, the ſine T I is 92276. of thoſe parts, whereof the whole 

<lb></lb>ſine TO is 100000; and moreover in the triangle I F T, the ſine T I 

<lb></lb>is 582. of thoſe parts, whereof the whole ſine T F is 100000, to 

<lb></lb>find how many T F is of thoſe parts, whereof T O is 100000; 

<lb></lb>we will ſay by the Rule of three: If T I be 582. T F is an 

<lb></lb>100000. but if T I were 92276. how much would T F be. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Let us multiply 92276. by 100000. and the product will be 

<lb></lb>9227600000. and this muſt be divided by 582. and the quotient 

<lb></lb>will be 15854982. and ſo many ſhall there be in T F of thoſe 

<lb></lb>parts, of which there are in T O an 100000. So that if it were 

<lb></lb>required to know how many lines T O, are in T F, we would 

<lb></lb>divide 15854982 by 100000. and there will come forth 158. and 

<lb></lb>very near an half; and ſo many diameters ſhall be the diſtance 

<lb></lb>of the ſtar F, from the centre T, and to abreviate the opera­

<lb></lb>tion, we ſeeing, that the product of the multiplication of 92276. 

<lb></lb>by 100000, ought to be divided firſt by 582, and then the quo­

<lb></lb>tient of that diviſion by 100000. we may without multiplying 

<lb></lb>92276. by 100000. and with one onely diviſion of the ſine 

<lb></lb>92276. by the ſine 582. ſoon obtain the ſame ſolution, as may 

<lb></lb>be ſeen there below; where 92276. divided by 582. giveth us the 

<lb></lb>ſaid 158 1/2, or thereabouts. </s><s>Let us bear in mind therefore, that 

<lb></lb>the onely diviſion of the ſine T I, as the ſine of the angle T O I 

<lb></lb>by the ſine T I, as the ſine of the angle I F T, giveth us the di­

<lb></lb>ſtance ſought T F, in ſo many diameters T O.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table59"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table60"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table61"></arrow.to.target></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/298.jpg" pagenum="288"></pb><table><table.target id="table59"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>I O T</cell><cell>67</cell><cell>20</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>92276</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>I F T</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>20</cell><cell></cell><cell>582</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table60"></table.target><row><cell>T I</cell><cell>T F</cell><cell>T I</cell><cell>T F</cell></row><row><cell>582</cell><cell>10000</cell><cell>92276</cell><cell>0</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table61"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>15854982</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>582</cell><cell>9227600000</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>3407002746</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>49297867</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>325414</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>100000</cell><cell>158</cell><cell>54982</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>158</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>582</cell><cell>92276</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>34070</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>492</cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>3</cell><cell></cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>See next that which the obſervations of <emph type="italics"></emph>Peucerus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> giveth us, in 

<lb></lb>which the inferiour diſtance from the Pole is 28 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>21 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the 

<lb></lb>ſuperiour 28 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>2 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the difference 0 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>19 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the diſtance 

<lb></lb>from the vertical point 66 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>27 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from which particulars is ga­

<lb></lb>thered the ſtars diſtance from the centre almoſt 166 ſemedia­

<lb></lb>meters.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table62"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table63"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table62"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>I A C</cell><cell>66</cell><cell>27</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>91672</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>I E C</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>19</cell><cell></cell><cell>553</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table63"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>165 427/553</cell></row><row><cell>553</cell><cell>91672</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>36397</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>312</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Here take what <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> his obſervation holdeth forth to us, in­

<lb></lb>terpreted with greateſt favour to the adverſary; to wit, the inferi­

<lb></lb>our diſtance from the pole is 28 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>13 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the ſuperiour 28 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. 

<lb></lb></s><s>2 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> omitting the difference which is 0 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>11 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as if all were one 

<lb></lb>Parallax; the diſtance from the vertical point 62 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>15 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Behold 

<lb></lb>here below the operation, and the diſtance of the ſtar from the 

<lb></lb>centre found to be 976 9/16 ſemidiameters.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table64"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table65"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table64"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>I A C</cell><cell>62</cell><cell>15</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>88500</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>I E C</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>11</cell><cell></cell><cell>320</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table65"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>276 9/16</cell></row><row><cell>320</cell><cell>88500</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>2418</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>1</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The obſervation of <emph type="italics"></emph>Reinholdus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which is the next enſuing, giv­

<lb></lb>eth us the diſtance of the Star from the Centre 793. Semidia­

<lb></lb>meters.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table66"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table67"></arrow.to.target></s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/299.jpg" pagenum="289"></pb><table><table.target id="table66"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>I A C</cell><cell>66</cell><cell>58</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>92026</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>I E C</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>4</cell><cell></cell><cell>116</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table67"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>793 38/116</cell></row><row><cell>116</cell><cell>92026</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>10888</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>33</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>From the following obſervation of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Landgrave,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the diſtance 

<lb></lb>of the Star from the Centre is made to be 1057, Semidiameters.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table68"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table69"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table68"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>I A C</cell><cell>66</cell><cell>57</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>92012</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>I E C</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>3</cell><cell></cell><cell>87</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table69"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>1057 53/87</cell></row><row><cell>87</cell><cell>92012</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>5663</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>5</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>Two of the moſt favourable obſervations for the Authour be­

<lb></lb>ing taken from <emph type="italics"></emph>Camerarius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the diſtance of the Star from the Cen­

<lb></lb>tre is found to be 3143 Semidiameters.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table70"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="table71"></arrow.to.target></s></p><table><table.target id="table70"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell><emph type="italics"></emph>m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></cell><cell></cell><cell></cell></row><row><cell>Angles</cell><cell>I A C</cell><cell>65</cell><cell>43</cell><cell>Sines</cell><cell>91152</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>I E C</cell><cell>0</cell><cell>1</cell><cell></cell><cell>29</cell></row></table><table><table.target id="table71"></table.target><row><cell></cell><cell>3143</cell></row><row><cell>29</cell><cell>91152</cell></row><row><cell></cell><cell>4295</cell></row></table><p type="main"><s>The Obſervation of <emph type="italics"></emph>Munoſius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> giveth no <emph type="italics"></emph>Parallax,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and there­

<lb></lb>fore rendreth the new Star amongſt the higheſt of the fixed. </s><s>That 

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Hainzelius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> makes it infinitely remote, but with the correction 

<lb></lb>of an half <emph type="italics"></emph>min. </s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> placeth it amongſt the fixed Stars. </s><s>And the 

<lb></lb>ſame is collected from <emph type="italics"></emph>Vrſinus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with the correction of 12. <emph type="italics"></emph>min. </s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>The other Aſtronomers have not given us the diſtance above and 

<lb></lb>below the Pole, ſo that nothing can be concluded from them. </s><s>By 

<lb></lb>this time you ſee, that all the obſervations of all theſe men conſpire 

<lb></lb>againſt the Author, in placing the Star in the Heavenly and high­

<lb></lb>eſt Regions.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But what defence hath he for himſelf againſt ſo manifeſt 

<lb></lb>contradictions?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>He betakes himſelf to one of thoſe weak threads which 

<lb></lb>I ſpeak of; ſaying that the <emph type="italics"></emph>Parallaxes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> come to be leſſened by means 

<lb></lb>of the refractions, which opperating contrarily ſublimate the <emph type="italics"></emph>Phæ­

<lb></lb>nomenon,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whereas the <emph type="italics"></emph>Parallaxes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> abaſe it. </s><s>Now of what little 

<lb></lb>ſtead this lamentable refuge is, judge by this, that in caſe that effectof 

<lb></lb>the refractions were of ſuch an efficacy, as that which not long time 

<lb></lb>ſince ſome Aſtronomers have introduced, the moſt that they could 

<lb></lb>work touching the elevating a <emph type="italics"></emph>Phæuomenon<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> above the Horizon 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/300.jpg" pagenum="290"></pb>more than truth, when it is before hand 23. or 24. Degrees high, 

<lb></lb>would be the leſſening its <emph type="italics"></emph>Parallax<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> about 3. minutes, the which 

<lb></lb>abatement is too ſmall to pull down the Star below the Moon, and 

<lb></lb>in ſome caſes is leſſe than the advantage given him by us in admit­

<lb></lb>ting that the exceſſe of the inferiour diſtance from the Pole above 

<lb></lb>the Superiour, is all <emph type="italics"></emph>Parallax,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the which advantage is far more clear 

<lb></lb>and palpable than the effect of Refracton, of the greatneſſe of 

<lb></lb>which I ſtand in doubt, and not without reaſon. </s><s>But beſides, I 

<lb></lb>demand of the Author, whether he thinks that thoſe Aſtronomers, 

<lb></lb>of whoſe obſervations he maketh uſe, had knowledge of theſe ef­

<lb></lb>fects of Refractions, and conſidered the ſame, or no; if they did 

<lb></lb>know and conſider them, it is reaſonable to think that the, kept ac­

<lb></lb>count of them in aſſigning the true Elevation of the Star, making 

<lb></lb>in thoſe degrees of Altitude diſcovered with the Inſtruments, ſuch 

<lb></lb>abatements as were convenient on the account of the alterations 

<lb></lb>made by the Refractions; inſomuch that the diſtances by them de­

<lb></lb>livered, were in the end thoſe corrected and exact, and not the ap­

<lb></lb>parent and falſe ones. </s><s>But if he think that thoſe Authors made 

<lb></lb>no reflection upon the ſaid Refractions, it muſt be confeſſed, that 

<lb></lb>they had in like manner erred in determining all thoſe things which 

<lb></lb>cannot be perfectly adjuſted without allowance for the Refracti­

<lb></lb>ons; amongſt which things one is the preciſe inveſtigation of the 

<lb></lb>Polar Altitudes, which are commonly taken from the two Meridi­

<lb></lb>an Altitudes of ſome of the fixed Stars that are conſtantly viſible, 

<lb></lb>which Altitudes will come to be altered by Refraction in the ſame 

<lb></lb>manner, juſt as thoſe of the new Star; ſo that the Polar Altitude 

<lb></lb>that is deduced from them, will prove to be defective, and to par­

<lb></lb>take of the ſelf ſame want which this Author aſſigns to the Alti­

<lb></lb>tudes aſcribed to the new Star, to wit, both that and theſe will 

<lb></lb>be with equal falſhood placed higher than really they are. </s><s>But any 

<lb></lb>ſuch errour, as far as concerns our preſent buſineſſe, doth no pre­

<lb></lb>judce at all: For we not needing to know any more, but onely 

<lb></lb>the difference between the two diſtances of the new Star from the 

<lb></lb>Pole at ſuch time as it was inferiour and ſuperiour, it is evident that 

<lb></lb>ſuch diſtances would be the ſame, taking the alteration of Refra­

<lb></lb>ction commonly for the Star and for the Pole, or for them when 

<lb></lb>commonly amended. </s><s>The Authors Argument would indeed have 

<lb></lb>had ſome ſtrength, though very ſmall, if he had aſſured us that 

<lb></lb>the Altitude of the Pole had been once preciſely aſſigned, and cor­

<lb></lb>rected from the errour depending on refraction, from which a­

<lb></lb>gain the Aſtronomers had not kept themſelves in aſſigning the al­

<lb></lb>titudes of the new Star; but he hath not aſcertained us of that, 

<lb></lb>nor perhaps could he have done, nor haply, (and this is more pro­

<lb></lb>bable) was that caution wanting in the Obſervators.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This argument is in my judgment ſufficiently anſwer­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/301.jpg" pagenum="291"></pb>ed; therefore tell me how he diſ-ingageth himſelf in the next place 

<lb></lb>from that particular of the Stars having conſtantly kept the ſame 

<lb></lb>diſtance from the fixed Stars circumjacent to it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>He betakes himſelf, in like manner, to two threads, yet 

<lb></lb>more unable to uphold him than the former: one of which is like­

<lb></lb>wiſe faſtened to refraction, but ſo much leſs firmly, in that he 

<lb></lb>ſaith, that refraction operating upon the new Star, and ſublimating 

<lb></lb>it higher than its true ſituation, maketh the ſeeming diſtances un­

<lb></lb>tain to be diſtinguiſhed from the true, when compared to the cir­

<lb></lb>cumpoſed fixed Stars that environ it. </s><s>Nor can I ſufficiently ad­

<lb></lb>mire how he can diſſemble his knowing how that the ſame refra­

<lb></lb>ction will work alike upon the new Star, as upon the antient one 

<lb></lb>its neighbour, elevating both equally, ſo as that ſuch a like acci­

<lb></lb>dent altereth not the ſpace betwixt them. </s><s>His other ſubterfuge is 

<lb></lb>yet more unhappy, and carryeth with it much of ridiculous, it be­

<lb></lb>ing founded upon the errour that may ariſe in the inſtrumen talo­

<lb></lb>peration it ſelf; whilſt that the Obſervator not being able to 

<lb></lb>conſtitute the centre of the eyes pupil in the centre of the Sex­

<lb></lb>tant (an Inſtrument imployed in obſerving the diſtance between 

<lb></lb>two Stars) but holding it elevated above that centre, as much as 

<lb></lb>the ſaid pupil is diſtant from I know not what bone of the cheek, 

<lb></lb>againſt which the end of the Inſtrument reſteth, there is formed 

<lb></lb>in the eye an angle more acute than that which is made by the ſides 

<lb></lb>of the Inſtrument; which angle of rayes differeth alſo from it 

<lb></lb>ſelf, at ſuch time as a man looketh upon Stars, not much elevated 

<lb></lb>above the Horizon, and the ſame being afterwards placed at a 

<lb></lb>great height; that angle, ſaith he, is made different, while the In­

<lb></lb>ſtrument goeth aſcending, the head ſtanding ſtill: but if in moun­

<lb></lb>ting the Inſtrument, the neck ſhould bend backwards, and the 

<lb></lb>head go riſing, together with the Inſtrument, the angle would then 

<lb></lb>continue the ſame. </s><s>So that the Authours anſwer ſuppoſeth that 

<lb></lb>the Obſervators in uſing the Inſtrument have not raiſed the head, 

<lb></lb>as they ought to have done; a thing which hath nothing of likeli­

<lb></lb>hood in it. </s><s>But granting that ſo it had been, I leave you to judge 

<lb></lb>what difference can be between two acute angles of two equicru­

<lb></lb>ral triangles, the ſides of one of which triangles are each four 

<lb></lb>[<emph type="italics"></emph>Italian] Braces<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> [<emph type="italics"></emph>i.e.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> about three Engliſh yards] and thoſe of the 

<lb></lb>other, four braces within the quantity of the diameter of a Pea; 

<lb></lb>for the differences cannot be abſolutely greater between the length 

<lb></lb>of the two viſive rayes, whilſt the line is drawn perpendicularly 

<lb></lb>from the centre of the pupil, upon the plain of the Rule of the 

<lb></lb>Sextant (which line is no bigger than the breath of the thumb) 

<lb></lb>and the length of the ſame rayes, whilſt elevating the Sextant, 

<lb></lb>without raiſing the head together with it, that ſame line no longer 

<lb></lb>falleth perpendicularly upon the ſaid plane, but inclineth, making 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/302.jpg" pagenum="292"></pb>the angle towards the circumference ſomething acute. </s><s>But wholly 

<lb></lb>to free this Authour from theſe unhappy lies, let him know, (in re­

<lb></lb>gard it appears that he is not very skilful in the uſe of Aſtronomi­

<lb></lb>call Inſtruments) that in the ſides of the Sextant or Quadrant 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg514"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>there are placed two ^{*} Sights, one in the centre, and the other at 

<lb></lb>the other at the oppoſite end, which are raiſed an inch or more a­

<lb></lb>bove the plane of the Rule; and through the tops of thoſe ſights 

<lb></lb>the ray of the eye is made to paſſe, which eye likewiſe is held an 

<lb></lb>hands breadth or two, or it may be more, from the Inſtrument; ſo 

<lb></lb>that neither the pupil, nor any bone of the cheek, nor of the whole 

<lb></lb>body toucheth or ſtayeth it ſelf upon the Inſtrument, nor much 

<lb></lb>leſſe is the Inſtrument upheld or mounted in the armes, eſpecially 

<lb></lb>if it be one of thoſe great ones, as is uſual, which weighing tens, 

<lb></lb>hundreds, and alſo thouſands of pounds, are placed upon very 

<lb></lb>ſtrong feet or frames: ſo that the whole objection vaniſheth. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Theſe are the ſubterfuges of this Authour, which, though they were 

<lb></lb>all of ſteel, would not ſecure him the hundredth part of a minute; 

<lb></lb>and with theſe he conceits to make us believe, that he hath com­

<lb></lb>penſated that difference, which importeth more than an hundred 

<lb></lb>minutes; I mean, that of the not obſerving a notable difference 

<lb></lb>in the diſtances between one of the fixed ſtars, and the new ſtar in 

<lb></lb>in any of their circulations; which, had it been neer to the Moon, 

<lb></lb>it ought to have been very conſpicuous to the meer ſight, without 

<lb></lb>any Inſtrument, eſpecially comparing it with the eleventh of <emph type="italics"></emph>Caſ­

<lb></lb>ſiopeia,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> its neighbour, within 1 <emph type="italics"></emph>gr. </s><s>30 m.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which ought to have va­

<lb></lb>ried from it more than two diameters of the moon, as the more 

<lb></lb>intelligent Aſtronomers of t&#039; oſe times do well note.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg514"></margin.target>* Traguardi.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Methinks I ſee that unfortunate Husbandman, who af­

<lb></lb>ter all his expected crops, have been beaten down and deſtroyed by 

<lb></lb>a ſtorm, goeth up and down with a languiſhing and down-caſt 

<lb></lb>look, gleaning up every ſmall ear that would not ſuffice to keep a 

<lb></lb>chicken alive one ſole day.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Truly, this Authour came out too ſlenderly provided 

<lb></lb>with armes againſt the aſſailants of the Heavens inalterability, and 

<lb></lb>with too brittle a chain attempted to pull down the new ſtar of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Caſſiopeia<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from the higheſt Regions, to theſe ſo low and elementa­

<lb></lb>ry. </s><s>And for that I think that we have ſufficiently demonſtrated 

<lb></lb>the vaſt difference that is between the arguments of thoſe Aſtro­

<lb></lb>nomers, and of this their Antagoniſt, it will be convenient that we 

<lb></lb>leave this particular, and return to our principal matter; in which 

<lb></lb>there preſents it ſelf to our conſideration the annual motion com­

<lb></lb>monly aſcribed to the Sun, but by <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristarchus Samius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> firſt of all, 

<lb></lb>and after by <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> taken from the Sun, and transferred upon 

<lb></lb>the Earth; againſt which Hypotheſis, methinks I ſee <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to 

<lb></lb>come ſtrongly provided, and particularly with the ſword and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/303.jpg" pagenum="293"></pb>buckler of the little Treatiſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Concluſions,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or Diſquiſitions Ma­

<lb></lb>thematical, the oppugnations of which it would be good to be­

<lb></lb>gin to produce.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will, if you ſo pleaſe, reſerve them to the laſt, as thoſe 

<lb></lb>that are of lateſt invention.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It will therefore be neceſſary, that in conformity to the 

<lb></lb>method hitherto obſerved, you do orderly, one by one, propound 

<lb></lb>the arguments, on the contrary, aſwell of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as of the o­

<lb></lb>ther ancients, which ſhall be my task alſo, that ſo nothing may e­

<lb></lb>ſcape our ſtrict conſideration and examination; and likewiſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Sa­

<lb></lb>gredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with the vivacity of his wit, ſhall interpoſe his thoughts, as 

<lb></lb>he ſhall finde himſelf inclined.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I will do it with my wonted freedome; and your com­

<lb></lb>mands ſhall oblige you to excuſe me in ſo doing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The favour will challenge thanks, and not an excuſe. 

<lb></lb></s><s>But now let <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> begin to propoſe thoſe doubts which diſ­

<lb></lb>ſwade him from believing that the Earth, in like manner, as the 

<lb></lb>other pianets, may move round about a fixed centre.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>The firſt and greateſt difficulty is the repugnance and 

<lb></lb>incompatibility that is between being in the centre, and being far 

<lb></lb>from it; for if the Terreſtrial Globe were to move in a year by 

<lb></lb>the circumference of a circle, that is, under the Zodiack, it is im­

<lb></lb>poſſible that it ſhould, at the ſame time, be in the centre of the Zo­

<lb></lb>diack; but that the Earth is in the ſaid centre <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristotle, Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and others have many wayes proved.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You very well argue, aud there is no queſtion but that 

<lb></lb>one that would make the Earth to move in the circumference of a 

<lb></lb>circle, muſt firſt of neceſſity prove, that it is not in the centre of 

<lb></lb>that ſame circle; it now followeth, that we enquire, whether the 

<lb></lb>Earth be, or be not in that centre, about which, I ſay, that it tur­

<lb></lb>neth, and you ſay that it is fixed; and before we ſpeak of this, it 

<lb></lb>is likewiſe neceſſary that we declare our ſelves, whether you and I 

<lb></lb>have both the ſame conceit of this centre, or no. </s><s>Therefore tell 

<lb></lb>me, what and where is this your intended centre?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>When I ſpeak of the centre, I mean that of the Uni­

<lb></lb>verſe, that of the World, that of the Starry Sphere.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Although I might very rationally put it in diſpute, whe­

<lb></lb>ther there be any ſuch centre in nature, or no; being that neither 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg515"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>you nor any one elſe hath ever proved, whether the World be fi­

<lb></lb>nite and figurate, or elſe infinite and interminate; yet nevertheleſs 

<lb></lb>granting you, for the preſent, that it is finite, and of a terminate 

<lb></lb>Spherical Figure, and that thereupon it hath its centre; it will be 

<lb></lb>requiſite to ſee how credible it is that the Earth, and not rather 

<lb></lb>ſome other body, doth poſſeſſe the ſaid centre.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg515"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It hath not been 

<lb></lb>hitherto proved by 

<lb></lb>any, whether the 

<lb></lb>World be finite or 

<lb></lb>infinite.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>That the world is finite, terminato, and ſpherical, <emph type="italics"></emph>Ari-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/304.jpg" pagenum="294"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> proveth with an hundred demonſtrations.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg516"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg516"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Demonſtra­

<lb></lb>tions of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſtotle 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>to Prove that the 

<lb></lb>Vniverſe is finite, 

<lb></lb>are all nullified by 

<lb></lb>denying it to be 

<lb></lb>moveable.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>All which in the end are reduced to one alone, and that 

<lb></lb>one to none at all; for if I deny his aſſumption, to wit, that the 

<lb></lb>Univerſe is moveable, all his demonſtrations come to nothing, for 

<lb></lb>he onely proveth the Univerſe to be finite and terminate, for that 

<lb></lb>it is moveable. </s><s>But that we may not multiply diſputes, let it be 

<lb></lb>granted for once, that the World is finite, ſpherical, and hath 

<lb></lb>its centre. </s><s>And ſeeing that that centre and figure is argued from 

<lb></lb>its mobility, it will, without doubt, be very reaſonable, if from the 

<lb></lb>circular motions of mundane bodies we proceed to the particular 

<lb></lb>inveſtigation of that centres proper place: Nay <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg517"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>hath argued and determined in the ſame manner, making that 

<lb></lb>ſame to be the centre of the Univerſe about which all the Cœle­

<lb></lb>leſtial Spheres revolve, and in which he beleived the Terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe to have been placed. </s><s>Now tell me <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg518"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſhould be conſtrained by evident experience to alter in part this 

<lb></lb>his diſpoſure and order of the Univerſe, and confeſſe himſelf to 

<lb></lb>have been deceived in one of theſe two propoſitions, namely, ei­

<lb></lb>ther in placing the Earth in the centre, or in ſaying, that the 

<lb></lb>Cœleſtial Spheres do move about that centre, which of the two 

<lb></lb>confeſſions think you would he chooſe?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg517"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle makes 

<lb></lb>that point to be the 

<lb></lb>centre of the Uni­

<lb></lb>verſe about which 

<lb></lb>all the Celeſtial 

<lb></lb>Spheres do revolve.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg518"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A queſtion is 

<lb></lb>put, in caſe that 

<lb></lb>if<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>were 

<lb></lb>forced to receive 

<lb></lb>one of two propoſi­

<lb></lb>tions that make a­

<lb></lb>gainſt his doctrine, 

<lb></lb>which he would 

<lb></lb>admit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe, that if it ſhould ſo fall out, the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripate­

<lb></lb>ticks.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I do not ask the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripateticks,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I demand of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>for as to thoſe, I know very well what they would reply; they, as 

<lb></lb>obſervant and humble vaſſals of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> would deny all the ex­

<lb></lb>periments and all the obſervations in the World, nay, would alſo 

<lb></lb>refuſe to ſee them, that they might not be forced to acknowledg 

<lb></lb>them, and would ſay that the World ſtands as <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> writeth, 

<lb></lb>and not as nature will have it, for depriving them of the ſhield 

<lb></lb>of his Authority, with what do you think they would appear in the 

<lb></lb>field? </s><s>Tell me therefore what you are perſwaded <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> him­

<lb></lb>ſelf would do in the caſe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>To tell you the truth, I know not how to reſolve 

<lb></lb>which of the two inconveniences is to be eſteemed the leſſer.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Apply not I pray you this term of inconvenience to a 

<lb></lb>thing which poſſibly may of neceſſity be ſo. </s><s>It was an inconveni­

<lb></lb>ence to place the Earth in the centre of the Cœleſtial revolutions; 

<lb></lb>but ſeeing you know not to which part he would incline, I e­

<lb></lb>ſteeming him to be a man of great judgment, let us examine 

<lb></lb>which of the two choices is the more rational, and that we will 

<lb></lb>hold that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> would have received. </s><s>Reaſſuming therefore our 

<lb></lb>diſcourſe from the beginning, we ſuppoſe with the good liking of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that the World (of the magnitude of which we have 

<lb></lb>no ſenſible notice beyond the fixed ſtars) as being of a ſpherical 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/305.jpg" pagenum="295"></pb>figure; and moveth circularly, hath neceſſarily, and in reſpect of 

<lb></lb>its figure a centre; and we being moreover certain, that within 

<lb></lb>the ſtarry Sphere there are many Orbs, the one within another, 

<lb></lb>with their ſtars, which likewiſe do move circulary, it is in diſpute 

<lb></lb>whether it is moſt reaſonable to believe and to ſay that theſe con­

<lb></lb>teined Orbs do move round the ſaid centre of the World, or elſe 

<lb></lb>about ſome other centre far remote from that? </s><s>Tell me now <emph type="italics"></emph>Sim­

<lb></lb>plicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> what you think concerning this particular.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>If we could ſtay upon this onely ſuppoſition, and that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg519"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>we were ſure that we might encounter nothing elſe that might di­

<lb></lb>ſturb us, I would ſay that it were much more reaſonable to af­

<lb></lb>firm that the Orb containing, and the parts contained, do all 

<lb></lb>move about one common centre, than about divers.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg519"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Its more ratio­

<lb></lb>nal that the Orb 

<lb></lb>conteining, and the 

<lb></lb>parts conteined, do 

<lb></lb>move all about one 

<lb></lb>centre, than uoon 

<lb></lb>divers.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now if it were true that the centre of the World is the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg520"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſame about which the Orbs of mundane bodies, that is to ſay, of 

<lb></lb>the Planets, move, it is moſt certain that it is not the Earth, but 

<lb></lb>the Sun rather that is fixed in the centre of the World. </s><s>So that as 

<lb></lb>to this firſt ſimple and general apprehenſion, the middle place 

<lb></lb>belongeth to the Sun, and the Earth is as far remote from the 

<lb></lb>centre, as it is from that ſame Sun.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg520"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>If the centre of 

<lb></lb>the World be the 

<lb></lb>ſame with that a­

<lb></lb>bout which the via­

<lb></lb>nees move the Sun 

<lb></lb>and not the Earth 

<lb></lb>is placed in it.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But from whence do you argue that not the Earth, but 

<lb></lb>the Sun is in the centre of the Planetary revolutions?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I infer the ſame from moſt evident, and therefore ne­

<lb></lb>ceſſarily concludent obſervations, of which the moſt palpable to 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg521"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>exclude the Earth from the ſaid centre, and to place the Sun 

<lb></lb>therein, are, the ſeeing all the Planets one while neerer and ano­

<lb></lb>ther while farther off from the Earth with ſo great differences, that 

<lb></lb>for example, <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> when it is at the fartheſt, is ſix times more 

<lb></lb>remote from us, than when it is neereſt, and <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> riſeth almoſt 

<lb></lb>eight times as high at one time as at another. </s><s>See therefore whe­

<lb></lb>ther <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> was not ſomewhat miſtaken in thinking that it was 

<lb></lb>at all times couidiſtant from us.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg521"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Obſervations from 

<lb></lb>whence it is col­

<lb></lb>lected that the Sun 

<lb></lb>and not the Earth 

<lb></lb>is in the centre of 

<lb></lb>the Celeſtial revo­

<lb></lb>lutions.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>What in the next place are the tokens that their moti­

<lb></lb>ons are about the Sun?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is argued in the three ſuperiour planets <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars, Jupi­

<lb></lb>ter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in that we find them alwayes neereſt to the 

<lb></lb>Earth when they are in oppoſition to the Sun, and fartheſt off 

<lb></lb>when they are towards the conjunction, and this approximatian 

<lb></lb>and receſſion importeth thus much that <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> neer at hand, ap­

<lb></lb>peareth very neer 60 times greater than when it is remote. </s><s>As to 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg522"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in the next place, and to <emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> we are certain that 

<lb></lb>they revolve about the Sun, in that they never move far from 

<lb></lb>him, and in that we ſee them one while above and another while 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg523"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>below it, as the mutations of figure in <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> neceſſarily argueth. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Tonchiug the Moon it is certain, that ſhe cannot in any way 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/306.jpg" pagenum="296"></pb>ſeperate from the Earth, for the reaſons that ſhall be more diſtinct­

<lb></lb>ly alledged hereafter.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg522"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The mutation 

<lb></lb>of figure in<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Venus 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>argueth its motion 

<lb></lb>to be about the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg523"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Moon can­

<lb></lb>not ſeperate from 

<lb></lb>the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I expect that I ſhall hear more admirable things that 

<lb></lb>depend upon this annual motion of the Earth, than were thoſe 

<lb></lb>dependant upon the diurnal revolution.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg524"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg524"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The annual mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the Earth 

<lb></lb>mixing with the 

<lb></lb>motions of the o­

<lb></lb>ther Planets pro­

<lb></lb>duce extravagant 

<lb></lb>appearances.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You do not therein erre: For as to the operation of 

<lb></lb>the diurnal motion upon the Celeſtial bodies, it neither was, nor 

<lb></lb>can be other, than to make the Univerſe ſeem to run precipitately 

<lb></lb>the contrary way; but this annual motion intermixing with the 

<lb></lb>particular motions of all the planets, produceth very many ex­

<lb></lb>travagancies, which have diſarmed and non-pluſt all the greateſt 

<lb></lb>Scholars in the World. </s><s>But returning to our firſt general appre­

<lb></lb>henſions, I reply that the centre of the Celeſtial converſions of 

<lb></lb>the five planets <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is 

<lb></lb>the Sun; and ſhall be likewiſe the centre of the motion of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, if we do but ſucceed in our attempt of placing it in Hea­

<lb></lb>ven. </s><s>And as for the Moon, this hath a circular motion about the 

<lb></lb>Earth, from which (as I ſaid before) it can by no means alienate 

<lb></lb>it ſelf, but yet doth it not ceaſe to go about the Sun together with 

<lb></lb>the Earth in an annual motion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I do not as yet very well apprehend this ſtructure, but 

<lb></lb>it may be, that with making a few draughts thereof, one may bet­

<lb></lb>ter and more eaſily diſcourſe concerning the ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Tis very true: yea for your greater ſatisfaction and ad­

<lb></lb>miration together, I deſire you, that you would take the pains 

<lb></lb>to draw the ſame; and to ſee that although you think you do not 

<lb></lb>apprehend it, yet you very perfectly underſtand it; And onely 

<lb></lb>by anſwering to my interrogations you ſhall deſigne it punctually. </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg525"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Take therefore a ſheet of paper and Compaſles; And let this 

<lb></lb>white paper be the immenſe expanſion of the Univerſe; in which 

<lb></lb>you are to diſtribute and diſpoſe its parts in order, according as 

<lb></lb>reaſon ſhall direct you. </s><s>And firſt, in regard that without my in­

<lb></lb>ſtruction you verily believe that the Earth is placed in this Uni­

<lb></lb>verſe, therefore note a point at pleaſure, about which you in­

<lb></lb>tend it to to be placed, and mark it with ſome characters.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg525"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Syſteme of 

<lb></lb>the Univerſe de­

<lb></lb>ſigned from the ap­

<lb></lb>pearances.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Let this mark A be the place of the Terreſtrial Globe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Very well. </s><s>I know ſecondly, that you underſtand per­

<lb></lb>fectly that the ſaid Earth is not within the body of the Sun, nor 

<lb></lb>ſo much as contiguous to it, but diſtant for ſome ſpace from the 

<lb></lb>ſame, and therefore aſſign to the Sun what other place you beſt 

<lb></lb>like, as remote from the Earth as you pleaſe, and mark this in 

<lb></lb>like manner.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Here it is done: Let the place of the Solar body 

<lb></lb>be O.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Theſe two being conſtituted, I deſire that we may 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/307.jpg" pagenum="297"></pb>think of accomodating the body of <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in ſuch a manner that 

<lb></lb>its ſtate and motion may agree with what ſenſible experiments do 

<lb></lb>ſhew us; and therefore recall to mind that. </s><s>which either by the 

<lb></lb>paſt diſcourſes, or your own obſervations you have learnt to be­

<lb></lb>fal that ſtar, and afterwards aſſign unto it that ſtate which you 

<lb></lb>think agreeth with the ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Suppoſing thoſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Phænomena<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> expreſſed by you, and 

<lb></lb>which I have likewiſe read in the little treatiſe of Concluſions, to 

<lb></lb><figure id="id.065.01.307.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/307/1.jpg"></figure>

<lb></lb>be true, namely, that that ſtar never recedes from the Sun beyond 

<lb></lb>ſuch a determinate ſpace of 40 degrees or thereabouts, ſo as that 

<lb></lb>it never cometh either to appoſition with the Sun, or ſo much as 

<lb></lb>to quadrature, or yet to the ſextile aſpect; and more than that, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg526"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſuppoſing that it ſheweth at one time almoſt 40 times greater than 

<lb></lb>at another; namely, very great, when being retrograde, it goeth to 

<lb></lb>the veſpertine conjnnction of the Sun, and very ſmall when with a 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/308.jpg" pagenum="298"></pb>motion ſtraight forwards, it goeth to the matutine conjunction; 

<lb></lb>and moreover it being true, that when it appeareth bigge it ſhews 

<lb></lb>with a corniculate figure, and when it appeareth little, it ſeems 

<lb></lb>perfectly round, theſe appearances, I ſay, being true, I do not ſee 

<lb></lb>how one can chooſe but affirm the ſaid ſtar to revolve in a circle a­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg527"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>bout the Sun, for that the ſaid circle cannot in any wiſe be ſaid 

<lb></lb>to encompaſſe or to contain the Earth within it, nor to be inferi­

<lb></lb>our to the Sun, that is between it and the Earth, nor yet ſupe­

<lb></lb>riour to the Sun. </s><s>That circle cannot incompaſſe the Earth, be­

<lb></lb>cauſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> would then ſometimes come to oppofition with the 

<lb></lb>Sun; it cannot be inferiour, for then <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in both its conjuncti­

<lb></lb>ons with the Sun would ſeem horned; nor can it be ſuperiour, 

<lb></lb>for then it would alwayes appear round, and never cornicular; 

<lb></lb>and therefore for receit of it I will draw the circle CH, about 

<lb></lb>the Sun, without encompaſſing the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg526"></margin.target>Venus <emph type="italics"></emph>very greas 

<lb></lb>towards the reſpe­

<lb></lb>ctive conjunction 

<lb></lb>and very ſmall to­

<lb></lb>wards the matu­

<lb></lb>tine.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg527"></margin.target>Venus <emph type="italics"></emph>neceſſa­

<lb></lb>rily proved to move 

<lb></lb>about the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Having placed <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it is requiſite that you think of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which, as you know, alwayes keeping about the Sun, 

<lb></lb>doth recede leſſe diſtance from it than <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; therefore conſider 

<lb></lb>with your ſelf, what place is moſt convenient to aſſign it.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg528"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg528"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The revolution of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Mercury <emph type="italics"></emph>concluded 

<lb></lb>to be about the Sun, 

<lb></lb>within the Orb of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Venus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>It is not to be queſtioned, but that this Planet imitat­

<lb></lb>ing <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the moſt commodious place for it will be, a leſſer cir­

<lb></lb>cle within this of <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in like manner about the Sun, being 

<lb></lb>that of its greateſt vicinity to the Sun, an argument, an evidence 

<lb></lb>ſufficiently proving the vigour of its illumination, above that of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and of the other Planets, we may therefore upon theſe 

<lb></lb>conſiderations draw its Circle, marking it with the Characters 

<lb></lb>BG.</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg529"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg529"></margin.target>Mars <emph type="italics"></emph>neceſſarily 

<lb></lb>includeth within its 

<lb></lb>Orb the Earth, and 

<lb></lb>alſo the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Where ſhall we place it?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Becauſe it comes to an oppoſition with the Sun, 

<lb></lb>its Circle muſt of neceſſity encompaſs the Earth; But I ſee that it 

<lb></lb>muſt neceſſarily encompaſs the Sun alſo, for coming to conjuncti­

<lb></lb>on with the Sun, if it did not move over it, but were below it, it 

<lb></lb>would appear horned, as <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the Moon; but it ſhews al­

<lb></lb>wayes round, and therefore it is neceſſary, that it no leſs includ­</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg530"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>eth the Sun within its circle than the Earth. </s><s>And becauſe I re­

<lb></lb>member that you did ſay, that when it is in oppoſition with the 

<lb></lb>Sun, it ſeems 60 times bigger than when it is in the conjunction, 

<lb></lb>me thinks that a Circle about the Centre of the Sun, and that tak­

<lb></lb>eth in the earth, will very well agree with theſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Phænomena,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>which I do note and mark D I, where <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in the point D, is near 

<lb></lb>to the earth, and oppoſite to the Sun; but when it is in the point 

<lb></lb>I, it is at Conjuction with the Sun, but very far from the Earth. 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg531"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>And becauſe the ſame appearances are obſerved in <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> although with much leſſer difference in <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> than in 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and with yet leſſe in <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> than in <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; me thinks I 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/309.jpg" pagenum="299"></pb>underſtand that we ſhould very commodiouſly ſalve all the <emph type="italics"></emph>Phæ­

<lb></lb>nomena<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of theſe two Planets, with two Circles, in like manner, 

<lb></lb>drawn about the Sun, and this firſt for <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> marking it E L, and 

<lb></lb>another above that for <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> marked F M.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg532"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg530"></margin.target>Mars <emph type="italics"></emph>at its oppo­

<lb></lb>ſition to the Sun 

<lb></lb>ſhews to be ſixty 

<lb></lb>times bigger than 

<lb></lb>towards the con­

<lb></lb>junction.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg531"></margin.target>Jupiter <emph type="italics"></emph>and<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Sa­

<lb></lb>turn <emph type="italics"></emph>do likewiſe en­

<lb></lb>compaſſe the Earth, 

<lb></lb>and the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg532"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The approxima­

<lb></lb>tion and receſſion of 

<lb></lb>the three ſuperiour 

<lb></lb>Planets, importeth 

<lb></lb>double the Suns di­

<lb></lb>ſtance.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You have behaved your ſelf bravely hitherto. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>becauſe (as you ſee) the approach and receſſion of the three Su­

<lb></lb>periour Planets is meaſured with double the diſtance between the 

<lb></lb>Earth and Sun, this maketh greater difference in <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> than in <emph type="italics"></emph>Ju-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg533"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>piter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the Circle D I, of <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> being leſſer than the Circle E L, 

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and likewiſe becauſe this E L, is leſſe than this Circle 

<lb></lb>F M, of <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the ſaid difference is alſo yet leſſer in <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> than 

<lb></lb>in <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and that punctually anſwereth the <emph type="italics"></emph>Phænomena.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>It remains now that you aſſign a place to the Moon.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg533"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The difference of 

<lb></lb>the apparent mag­

<lb></lb>nitude leſſe in<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Sa­

<lb></lb>turn, <emph type="italics"></emph>than in<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Jupi­

<lb></lb>ter, <emph type="italics"></emph>an dn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Jupiter 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>than in<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Mars, <emph type="italics"></emph>and 

<lb></lb>why.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Following the ſame Method (which ſeems to me very 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg534"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>concluſive) in regard we ſee that the Moon cometh to conjunction 

<lb></lb>and oppoſition with the Sun, it is neceſſary to ſay, that its circle 

<lb></lb>encompaſſeth the Earth, but yet doth it not follow, that it muſt 

<lb></lb>environ the Sun, for then at that time towards its conjunction, it 

<lb></lb>would not ſeem horned, but alwayes round and full of Light. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Moreover it could never make, as it often doth, the Eclipſe of the 

<lb></lb>Sun, by interpoſing betwixt it and us; It is neceſſary therefore 

<lb></lb>to aſſign it a circle about the Earth, which ſhould be this N P, ſo 

<lb></lb>that being conſtituted in P, it will appear from the Earth A, to be 

<lb></lb>in conjunction with the Sun, and placed in N, it appeareth oppoſite 

<lb></lb>to the Sun, and in that poſition it may fall under the Earths ſha­

<lb></lb>dow, and be obſcured.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg534"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Moons Orb 

<lb></lb>invironeth the 

<lb></lb>Earth, but not the 

<lb></lb>Sun.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. Now, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> what ſhall we do with the fixed 

<lb></lb>ſtars? </s><s>Shall we ſuppoſe them ſcattered through the immenſe abiſ­

<lb></lb>ſes of the Univerſe, at different diſtances, from any one determi­

<lb></lb>nate point; or elſe placed in a ſuperficies ſpherically diſtended a­

<lb></lb>bout a centre of its own, ſo that each of them may be equi­

<lb></lb>diſtant from the ſaid centre?

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg535"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg535"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The probable 

<lb></lb>ſituation of the 

<lb></lb>fixed ſtars.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I would rather take a middle way; and would aſſign 

<lb></lb>them an Orb deſcribed about a determinate centre and comprized 

<lb></lb>within two ſpherical ſuperficies, to wit, one very high, and con­

<lb></lb>cave, and the other lower, and convex, betwixt which I would </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg536"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>conſtitute the innumerable multitude of ſtars, but yet at divers al­

<lb></lb>titudes, and this might be called the Sphere of the Univerſe, contein­

<lb></lb>ing within it the Orbs of the planets already by us deſcribed.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg536"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Which ought to 

<lb></lb>be accounted the 

<lb></lb>ſphere of the Vm­

<lb></lb>verſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But now we have all this while, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> diſpoſed the 

<lb></lb>mundane bodies exactly, according to the order of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and we have done it with your hand; and moreover to each of 

<lb></lb>them you have aſſigned peculiar motions of their own, except to 

<lb></lb>the Sun, the Earth, and ſtarry Sphere; and to <emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> you have aſcribed the circular motion about the Sun, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/310.jpg" pagenum="300"></pb>without encompaſſing the Earth; about the ſame Sun you make 

<lb></lb>the three ſuperiour Planets <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars, Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to move, 

<lb></lb>comprehending the Earth within their circles. </s><s>The Moon in the 

<lb></lb>next place can move in no other manner than about the Earth, 

<lb></lb>without taking in the Sun, and in all theſe motions you agree alſo 

<lb></lb>with the ſame <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> There remains now three things to be 

<lb></lb>decided between the Sun, the Earth, and fixed ſtars, namely, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg537"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Reſt, which ſeemeth to belong to the Earth; the annual motion 

<lb></lb>under the Zodiack, which appeareth to pertain to the Sun; and the 

<lb></lb>diurnal motion, which ſeems to belong to the Starry Sphere, and 

<lb></lb>to be by that imparted to all the reſt of the Univerſe, the Earth 

<lb></lb>excepted, And it being true that all the Orbs of the Planets, I 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg538"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>mean of <emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> do move 

<lb></lb>about the Sun as their centre; reſt ſeemeth with ſo much more 

<lb></lb>reaſon to belong to the ſaid Sun, than to the Earth, in as much 

<lb></lb>as in a moveable Sphere, it is more reaſonable that the centre 

<lb></lb>ſtand ſtill, than any other place remote from the ſaid centre; to 

<lb></lb>the Earth therefore, which is conſtituted in the midſt of move­

<lb></lb>able parts of the Univerſe, I mean between <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> one 

<lb></lb>of which maketh its revolution in nine moneths, and the other in 

<lb></lb>two years, may the motion of a year very commodiouſly be aſ­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg539"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſigned, leaving reſt to the Sun. </s><s>And if that be ſo, it followeth 

<lb></lb>of neceſſary conſequence, that likewiſe the diurnal motion be­

<lb></lb>longeth to the Earth; for, if the Sun ſtanding ſtill, the Earth 

<lb></lb>ſhould not revolve about its ſelf, but have onely the annual mo­

<lb></lb>tion about the Sun, our year would be no other than one day and 

<lb></lb>one night, that is ſix moneths of day, and ſix moneths of night, 

<lb></lb>as hath already been ſaid. </s><s>You may conſider withal how commo­

<lb></lb>diouſly the precipitate motion of 24 hours is taken away from 

<lb></lb>the Univerſe, and the fixed ſtars that are ſo many Suns, are made 

<lb></lb>in conformity to our Sun to enjoy a perpetual reſt. </s><s>You ſee more­

<lb></lb>over what facility one meets with in this rough draught to render 

<lb></lb>the reaſon of ſo great appearances in the Celeſtial bodies.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg537"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſt, the annual 

<lb></lb>motion and the di­

<lb></lb>urnal ought to be 

<lb></lb>diſtributed be­

<lb></lb>twixt the Sun, 

<lb></lb>Earth, and Fir­

<lb></lb>mament.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg538"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>In a moveable 

<lb></lb>ſphere, it ſeemeth 

<lb></lb>more veaſonable 

<lb></lb>that its centre be 

<lb></lb>ſtable, than any o­

<lb></lb>ther of its parts.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg539"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Granting to the 

<lb></lb>Earth the annual, 

<lb></lb>it muſt of neceſſity 

<lb></lb>alſo have the diur­

<lb></lb>nal motion aſſign­

<lb></lb>ed to it.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I very well perceive that facility, but as you from this 

<lb></lb>ſimplicity collect great probabilities for the truth of that Syſtem, 

<lb></lb>others haply could make thence contrary deductions; doubting, 

<lb></lb>not without reaſon, why that ſame being the ancient Syſteme of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagoreans,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and ſo well accommodated to the <emph type="italics"></emph>Phænomena,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>hath in the ſucceſſion of ſo many thouſand years had ſo few fol­

<lb></lb>lowers, and hath been even by <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf refuted, and 

<lb></lb>ſince that <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf hath had no better fortune.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If you had at any time been aſſaulted, as I have been, 

<lb></lb>many and many a time, with the relation of ſuch kind of frivolous 

<lb></lb>reaſons, as ſerve to make the vulgar contumacious, and difficult to 

<lb></lb>be perſwaded to hearken, (I will not ſay to conſent) to this novel­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/311.jpg" pagenum="301"></pb>ty, I believe that you wonder at the paucity of thoſe who are fol­

<lb></lb>lowers of that opinion would be much diminiſhed. </s><s>But ſmall re­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg540"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>gard in my judgement, ought to be had of ſuch thick ſculs, as think 

<lb></lb>it a moſt convincing proof to confirm, and ſteadfaſtly ſettle them 

<lb></lb>in the belief of the earths immobility, to ſee that if this day they 

<lb></lb>cannot Dine at <emph type="italics"></emph>Conſtantinople,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> nor Sup in <emph type="italics"></emph>Jappan,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that then the 

<lb></lb>Earth as being a moſt grave body cannot clamber above the Sun, 

<lb></lb>and then ſlide headlong down again; Of ſuch as theſe I ſay, 

<lb></lb>whoſe number is infinite, we need not make any reckoning, nor 

<lb></lb>need we to record their foolieries, or to ſtrive to gain to our ſide 

<lb></lb>as our partakers in ſubtil and ſublime opinions, men in whoſe de­

<lb></lb>finition the kind onely is concerned, and the difference is wanting. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Moreover, what ground do you think you could be able to gain, 

<lb></lb>with all the demonſtrations of the World upon brains ſo ſtupid, 

<lb></lb>as are not able of themſelves to know their down right follies? </s><s>But 

<lb></lb>my admiration, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is very different from yours, you won­

<lb></lb>der that ſo few are followers of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagorean<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Opinion; and I 

<lb></lb>am amazed how there could be any yet left till now that do em­

<lb></lb>brace and follow it: Nor can I ſufficiently admire the eminencie of 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg541"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>thoſe mens wits that have received and held it to be true, and with 

<lb></lb>the ſprightlineſſe of their judgements offered ſuch violence to their 

<lb></lb>own ſences, as that they have been able to prefer that which their 

<lb></lb>reaſon dictated to them, to that which ſenſible experiments re­

<lb></lb>preſented moſt manifeſtly on the contrary. </s><s>That the reaſons againſt 

<lb></lb>the Diurnal virtiginous revolution of the Earth by you already ex­

<lb></lb>amined, do carry great probability with them, we have already 

<lb></lb>ſeen; as alſo that the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomaicks,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotelicks,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with all their 

<lb></lb>Sectators did receive them for true, is indeed a very great argument 

<lb></lb>of their efficacie; but thoſe experiments which apertly contradict 

<lb></lb>the annual motion, are of yet ſo much more manifeſtly repugnant, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg542"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that (I ſay it again) I cannot find any bounds for my admiration, 

<lb></lb>how that reaſon was able in <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtarchus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to com­

<lb></lb>mìt ſuch a rape upon their Sences, as in deſpight thereof, to make 

<lb></lb>her ſelf miſtreſs of their credulity.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg540"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcourſes more 

<lb></lb>than childiſh, ſerve 

<lb></lb>to keep fools in the 

<lb></lb>opinion of the 

<lb></lb>Earths ſtability.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg541"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A declaration 

<lb></lb>of the improbabi­

<lb></lb>lity of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Copernicus 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>his opinion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg542"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Reaſons and diſ­

<lb></lb>courſe in<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ariſtar­

<lb></lb>cus <emph type="italics"></emph>and<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Coperni­

<lb></lb>cus <emph type="italics"></emph>prevailed over 

<lb></lb>manifeſt ſence.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Are we then to have ſtill more of theſe ſtrong oppoſiti­

<lb></lb>ons againſt this annual motion?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We are, and they be ſo evident and ſenſible, that if a 

<lb></lb>ſence more ſublime and excellent than thoſe common and vulgar, 

<lb></lb>did not take part with reaſon, I much fear, that I alſo ſhould have 

<lb></lb>been much more averſe to the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Syſteem than I have been 

<lb></lb>ſince the time that a clearer lamp than ordinary hath enlightned 

<lb></lb>me.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Now therefore <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> let us come to joyn battail 

<lb></lb>for every word that is ſpent on any thing elſe, I take to be caſt a­

<lb></lb>way.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/312.jpg" pagenum="302"></pb><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am ready to ſerve you. </s><s>You have already ſeen me 

<lb></lb>draw the form of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Syſteme; againſt the truth of 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg543"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>which <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf, in the firſt place, makes an hot charge; who, in 

<lb></lb>caſe it were true, that its diſtances from the earth ſhould ſo much 

<lb></lb>vary, as that from the leaſt diſtance to the greateſt, there were 

<lb></lb>twice as much difference, as from the earth to the Sun; it would be 

<lb></lb>neceſſary, that when it is neareſt unto us, its <emph type="italics"></emph>diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> would ſhew 

<lb></lb>more than 60. times bigger than it ſeems, when it is fartheſt from 

<lb></lb>us; nevertheleſs that diverſity of apparent magnitude is not to be 

<lb></lb>ſeen, nay in its oppoſition with the Sun, when its neareſt to the 

<lb></lb>Earth, it doth not ſhew ſo much as quadruple and quintuple in 

<lb></lb>bigneſs, to what it is, when towards the conjunction it cometh to 

<lb></lb>be occulted under the Suns rayes. </s><s>Another and greater difficulty 

<lb></lb>doth <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> exhibit; For if revolving about the Sun, as <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg544"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>affirmeth, it were one while above, &amp; another while below the ſame, 

<lb></lb>receding and approaching to us ſo much as the Diameter of the cir­

<lb></lb>cle deſcribed would be, at ſuch time as it ſhould be below the Sun, 

<lb></lb>and neareſt to us, its <emph type="italics"></emph>diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> would ſhew little leſs than 40 times big­

<lb></lb>ger than when it is above the Sun, near to its other conjunction; yet 

<lb></lb>nevertheleſſe, the difference is almoſt imperceptible Let us add an­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg545"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>other difficulty, that in caſe the body of <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> be of it ſelf dark, and 

<lb></lb>onely ſhineth as the Moon, by the illumination of the Sun, which 

<lb></lb>ſeemeth moſt reaſonable; it would ſhew forked or horned at ſuch 

<lb></lb>time as it is under the Sun, as the Moon doth when ſhe is in like 

<lb></lb>manner near the Sun; an accident that is not to be diſcovered in 

<lb></lb>her. </s><s>Whereupon <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> affirmeth, that either ſhe is light of 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg546"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>her ſelf, or elſe that her ſubſtance is of ſuch a nature, that it can 

<lb></lb>imbue the Solar light, and tranſmit the ſame through all its whole 

<lb></lb>depth, ſo as to be able to appear to us alwayes ſhining; and in this 

<lb></lb>manner <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> excuſeth the not changing figure in <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: but 

<lb></lb>of her ſmall variation of Magnitude, he maketh no mention at all; 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg547"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>and much leſs of <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> than was needful; I believe as being una­

<lb></lb>ble ſo well as he deſired to ſalve a <emph type="italics"></emph>Phænomenon<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſo contrary to his 

<lb></lb>Hypotheſis, and yet being convinced by ſo many other occurrences 

<lb></lb>and reaſons he maintained, and held the ſame Hypotheſis to be true. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Beſides theſe things, to make the Planets, together with the Earth, 

<lb></lb>to move above the Sun as the Centre of their converſions, and the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg548"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Moon onely to break that order, and to have a motion by it ſelf 

<lb></lb>about the earth; and to make both her, the Earth, and the whole 

<lb></lb>Elementary <emph type="italics"></emph>Sphere,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to move all together about the Sun in a year, 

<lb></lb>this ſeemeth to pervert the order of this Syſteme, which rendreth 

<lb></lb>it unlikely and falſe. </s><s>Theſe are thoſe difficulties that make me 

<lb></lb>wonder how <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristarchus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who muſt needs have ob­

<lb></lb>ſerved them, not having been able for all that to ſalve them, have 

<lb></lb>yet notwithſtanding by other admirable occurrences been induced 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/313.jpg" pagenum="303"></pb>to conſide ſo much in that which reaſon dictated to them, as that 

<lb></lb>they have conſidently affirmed that the ſtructure of the Univerſe 

<lb></lb>could have no other figure than that which they deſigned to them­

<lb></lb>ſelves. </s><s>There are alſo ſeveral other very ſerious and curious doubts, 

<lb></lb>not ſo eaſie to be reſolved by the middle ſort of wits, but yet pe­

<lb></lb>netrated and declared by <emph type="italics"></emph>Coperninus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which we ſhall defer till by 

<lb></lb>and by, after we have anſwered to other objections that ſeem to 

<lb></lb>make againſt this opinion. </s><s>Now coming to the declarations and 

<lb></lb>anſwers to thoſe three before named grand Objections, I ſay, that 

<lb></lb>the two firſt not onely contradict not the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Syſteme, but 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg549"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>greatly and abſolutely favour it; For both <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſeems 

<lb></lb>unequal to themſelves, according to the proportions aſſigned; and 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> under the Sun ſeemeth horned, and goeth changing figures 

<lb></lb>in it ſelf exactly like the Moon.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg543"></margin.target>Mars <emph type="italics"></emph>makes an 

<lb></lb>hot aſſault upon the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Copernican <emph type="italics"></emph>Sy­

<lb></lb>ſteme.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg544"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Phænome­

<lb></lb>na <emph type="italics"></emph>of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Venus <emph type="italics"></emph>appear 

<lb></lb>contrary to the Sy­

<lb></lb>ſteme of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Coperni­

<lb></lb>cus.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg545"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Another diffi­

<lb></lb>culty raiſed by<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ve­

<lb></lb>nus <emph type="italics"></emph>againſt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Coper­

<lb></lb>nicus.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg546"></margin.target>Venus, <emph type="italics"></emph>according 

<lb></lb>to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Copernicus, <emph type="italics"></emph>ei­

<lb></lb>ther lucid in it 

<lb></lb>ſelf, or elſe of a 

<lb></lb>tranſparent ſub­

<lb></lb>ſtance.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg547"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"></emph>ſpeak­

<lb></lb>eth nothing of the 

<lb></lb>ſmall variation of 

<lb></lb>bigneſs in<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Venus 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>and in<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Mars.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg548"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The moon much 

<lb></lb>diſturbeth the or­

<lb></lb>der of the other 

<lb></lb>Planets.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg549"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Anſwers to the 

<lb></lb>three first objecti­

<lb></lb>ons againſt the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Co­

<lb></lb>pernican <emph type="italics"></emph>Syſteme.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But how came this to be concealed from <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and revealed to you?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Theſe things cannot be comprehended, ſave onely by 

<lb></lb>the ſenſe of ſeeing, the which by nature was not granted to man 

<lb></lb>ſo perfect, as that it was able to attain to the diſcovery of ſuch dif­

<lb></lb>ferences; nay even the very inſtrument of ſight is an impediment 

<lb></lb>to it ſelf: But ſince that it hath pleaſed God in our age to vouch­

<lb></lb>ſafe to humane ingenuity, ſo admirable an invention of perfecting 

<lb></lb>our ſight, by multiplying it four, ſix, ten, twenty, thirty, and four­

<lb></lb>ty times, infinite objects, that either by reaſon of their diſtance, or 

<lb></lb>for their extream ſmallneſſe were inviſible unto us, have by help 

<lb></lb>of the Teleſcope been rendered viſible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are none of the objects inviſible 

<lb></lb>for their diſtance or ſmallneſſe, yea, we do diſcern them with our 

<lb></lb>bare natural ſight; why then do we not diſtinguiſh the differences 

<lb></lb>of their magnitudes and figures?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In this, the impediment of our very eye it ſelf hath a 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg550"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>great ſhare, as but even now I hinted, by which the reſplendent and 

<lb></lb>remote objects are not repreſented to us ſimple and pure; but gives 

<lb></lb>them us fringed with ſtrange and adventitious rayes, ſo long and 

<lb></lb>denſe, that their naked body ſheweth to us agrandized ten, twen­

<lb></lb>ty, an hundred, yea a thouſand times more than it would appear, if 

<lb></lb>the capillitious rayes were taken away.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg550"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Thereaſon whence 

<lb></lb>it happens that<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ve­

<lb></lb>nus <emph type="italics"></emph>and<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Mars <emph type="italics"></emph>do 

<lb></lb>not appear to vary 

<lb></lb>magnitude ſo much 

<lb></lb>as is requiſite.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Now I remember that I have read ſomething on this 

<lb></lb>ſubject, I know not whether in the Solar Letters, or in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Sag­

<lb></lb>giatore<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of our common Friend, but it would be very good, aſwell 

<lb></lb>for recalling it into my memory, as for the information of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simpli­

<lb></lb>cius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who it may be never ſaw thoſe writings, that you would de­

<lb></lb>clare unto us more diſtinctly how this buſineſſe ſtands, the know­

<lb></lb>ledge whereof I think to be very neceſſary for the aſſiſting of us to 

<lb></lb>underſtand that of which we now ſpeak.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/314.jpg" pagenum="304"></pb><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I muſt confeſſe that all that which <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath ſpo­

<lb></lb>ken is new unto me, for truth is, I never have had the curioſity to 

<lb></lb>read thoſe Books, nor have I hitherto given any great credit to 

<lb></lb>the Teleſcope newly introduced; rather treading in the ſteps of o­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg551"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ther <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Philoſophers my companions, I have thought 

<lb></lb>thoſe things to be fallacies and deluſions of the Chryſtals, which 

<lb></lb>others have ſo much admired for ſtupendious operations: and 

<lb></lb>therefore if I have hitherto been in an errour, I ſhall be glad to be 

<lb></lb>freed from it, and allured by theſe novelties already heard from 

<lb></lb>you, I ſhall the more attentively hearken to the reſt.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg551"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The operations of 

<lb></lb>the Teleſcope ac­

<lb></lb>counted fallacies by 

<lb></lb>the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Peripateticks.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The confidence that theſe men have in their own ap­

<lb></lb>prehenſiveneſſe, is no leſs unreaſonable than the ſmall eſteem they 

<lb></lb>have of the judgment of others: yet its much that they ſhould e­

<lb></lb>ſteem themſelves able to judge better of ſuch an inſtrument, with­

<lb></lb>out ever having made trial of it, than thoſe who have made, and 

<lb></lb>daily do make a thouſand experiments of the ſame: But I pray 

<lb></lb>you, let us leave this kind of pertinacious men, whom we can­

<lb></lb>not ſo much as tax without doing them too great honour. </s><s>And re­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg552"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>turning to our purpoſe, I ſay, that reſplendent objects, whether 

<lb></lb>it is that their light doth refract on the humidity that is upon the 

<lb></lb>pupils, or that it doth reflect on the edges of the eye-browes, dif­

<lb></lb>fuſing its reflex rayes upon the ſaid pupils, or whether it is for ſome 

<lb></lb>other reaſon, they do appear to our eye, as if they were environ&#039;d 

<lb></lb>with new rayes, and therefore much bigger than their bodies 

<lb></lb>would repreſent themſelves to us, were they diveſted of thoſe ir­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg553"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>radiations. </s><s>And this aggrandizement is made with a greater and 

<lb></lb>greater proportion, by how much thoſe lucid objects are leſſer and 

<lb></lb>leſſer; in the ſame manner for all the world, as if we ſhould ſup­

<lb></lb>poſe that the augmentation of ſhining locks were <emph type="italics"></emph>v.g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> four inches, 

<lb></lb>which addition being made about a circle that hath four inches di­

<lb></lb>ameter would increaſe its appearance to nine times its former big­

<lb></lb>neſſe: but---------</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg552"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Shining objects 

<lb></lb>ſeem environed 

<lb></lb>with adventitious 

<lb></lb>rayes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg553"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The reaſon why 

<lb></lb>luminous bodies ap­

<lb></lb>pear enlarged 

<lb></lb>much the more, by 

<lb></lb>how much they are 

<lb></lb>leſſer.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe you would have ſaid three times; for adding 

<lb></lb>four inches to this ſide, and four inches to that ſide of the diame­

<lb></lb>ter of a circle, which is like wiſe four inches, its quantity is there­

<lb></lb>by tripled, and not made nine times bigger.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>A little more <emph type="italics"></emph>Geometry<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> would do well, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg554"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>True it is, that the diameter is tripled, but the ſuperficies, which is 

<lb></lb>that of which we ſpeak, increaſeth nine times: for you muſt know, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that the ſuperficies of circles are to one another, as 

<lb></lb>the ſquares of their diameters; and a circle that hath four inches 

<lb></lb>diameter is to another that hath twelve, as the ſquare of four to 

<lb></lb>the ſquare of twelve; that is, as 16. is to 144 and therefore it ſhall 

<lb></lb>be increaſed nine times, and not three; this, by way of advertiſe­

<lb></lb>ment to <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And proceeding forwards, if we ſhould add 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/315.jpg" pagenum="305"></pb>the ſaid irradiation of four inches to a circle that hath but two in­

<lb></lb>ches of diameter onely, the diameter of the irradiation or Gar­

<lb></lb>land would be ten inches, and the ſuperficial content of the circle 

<lb></lb>would be to the <emph type="italics"></emph>area<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the naked body, as 100. to 4. for thoſe 

<lb></lb>are the ſquares of 10. and of 2. the agrandizement would there­

<lb></lb>fore be 25. times ſo much; and laſtly, the four inches of hair or 

<lb></lb>fringe, added to a ſmall circle of an inch in diameter, the ſame 

<lb></lb>would be increaſed 81. times; and ſo continually the augmenta­

<lb></lb>tions are made with a proportion greater and greater, according 

<lb></lb>as the real objects that increaſe, are leſſer and leſſer.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg554"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Superficial fi­

<lb></lb>gures encreaſing 

<lb></lb>proportion double to 

<lb></lb>their lines.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The doubt which puzzled <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> never troubled 

<lb></lb>me, but certain other things indeed there are, of which I deſire 

<lb></lb>a more diſtinct underſtanding; and in particular, I would know up­

<lb></lb>on what ground you affirm that the ſaid agrandizement is alwayes 

<lb></lb>equal in all viſible objects.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg555"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg555"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Objects the more 

<lb></lb>vigorous they are 

<lb></lb>in light, the more 

<lb></lb>they do ſeem to in­

<lb></lb>creaſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have already declared the ſame in part, when I ſaid, 

<lb></lb>that onely lucid objects ſo increaſed, and not the obſcure; now I 

<lb></lb>adde what remaines, that of the reſplendent objects thoſe that are 

<lb></lb>of a more bright light, make the reflection greater and more re­

<lb></lb>ſplendent upon our pupil; whereupon they ſeem to augment 

<lb></lb>much more than the leſſe lucid: and that I may no more inlarge 

<lb></lb>my ſelf upon this particular, come we to that which the true Mi­

<lb></lb>ſtris of <emph type="italics"></emph>Astronomy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Experience, teacheth us. </s><s>Let us this evening, 

<lb></lb>when the air is very obſcure, obſerve the ſtar of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; we 

<lb></lb>ſhall ſee it very glittering, and very great; let us afterwards look </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg556"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>through a tube, or elſe through a ſmall trunk, which clutching the 

<lb></lb>hand cloſe, and accoſting it to the eye, we lean between the palm 

<lb></lb>of the hands and the fingers, or elſe by an hole made with a ſmall 

<lb></lb>needle in a paper; and we ſhall ſee the ſaid ſtar diveſted of its 

<lb></lb>beams, but ſo ſmall, that we ſhall judge it leſſe, even than a ſixti­

<lb></lb>eth part of its great glittering light ſeen with the eye at liberty: 

<lb></lb>we may afterwards behold the <emph type="italics"></emph>Dog-ſtars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> beautiful and bigger than 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg557"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>any of the other fixed ſtars, which ſeemeth to the bare eye no 

<lb></lb>great matter leſſe than <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; but taking from it, as before, the 

<lb></lb>irradiation, its <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will ſhew ſo little, that it will not be 

<lb></lb>thought the twentieth part of that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> nay, he that hath not 

<lb></lb>very good eyes, will very hardly diſcern it; from whence it may 

<lb></lb>be rationally inferred, that the ſaid ſtar, as having a much more 

<lb></lb>lively light than <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> maketh its irradiation greater than <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupi­

<lb></lb>ter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> doth his. </s><s>In the next place, as to the irradiation of the Sun 

<lb></lb>and Moon, it is as nothing, by means of their magnitude, which 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg558"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>poſſeſſeth of it ſelf alone ſo great a ſpace in our eye, that it lea­

<lb></lb>veth no place for the adventitious rayes; ſo that their faces ſeem 

<lb></lb>cloſe clipt, and terminate. </s><s>We may aſſure our ſelves of the ſame 

<lb></lb>truth by another experiment which I have often made triall of; 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/316.jpg" pagenum="306"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg559"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>we may aſſure our ſelves, I ſay, that bodies ſhining with moſt| live­

<lb></lb>ly light do irradiate, or beam forth rayes more by far than thoſe 

<lb></lb>that are of a more languiſhing light. </s><s>I have many times ſeen <emph type="italics"></emph>Ju­

<lb></lb>piter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> together twenty or thirty degrees diſtant from the 

<lb></lb>Sun, and the air being very dark, <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> appeared eight or ten 

<lb></lb>times bigger than <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> being both beheld by the eye at liber­

<lb></lb>ty; but being beheld afterwards with the Teleſcope, the <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> diſcovered it ſelf to be four or more times greater than 

<lb></lb>that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but the vivacity of the ſplendour of <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> was in­

<lb></lb>comparably bigger than the languiſhing light of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; which 

<lb></lb>was only becauſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiters<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> being far from the Sun, and from us; 

<lb></lb>and <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> neer to us, and to the Sun. </s><s>Theſe things premiſed, it 

<lb></lb>will not be difficult to comprehend, how Mars, when it is in oppo­

<lb></lb>ſition to the Sun, and therefore neerer to the Earth by ſeven times, 

<lb></lb>and more, than it is towards the conjunction, cometh to appear 

<lb></lb>ſcarce four or five times bigger in that ſtate than in this, when as it 

<lb></lb>ſhould appear more than fifty times ſo much; of which the only 

<lb></lb>irradiation is the cauſe; for if we diveſt it of the adventitious 

<lb></lb>rayes, we ſhall find it exactly augmented with the due proportion: 

<lb></lb>but to take away the capillitious border, the Teleſcope is the beſt 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg560"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>and only means, which inlarging its <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> nine hundred or a 

<lb></lb>thouſand times, makes it to be ſeen naked and terminate, as that 

<lb></lb>of the Moon, and different from it ſelf in the two poſitions, ac­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg561"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>cording to its due proportions to an hair. </s><s>Again, as to <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>that in its veſpertine conjunction, when it is below the Sun, ought 

<lb></lb>to ſhew almoſt fourty times bigger than in the other matutine con­

<lb></lb>junction, and yet doth not appear ſo much as doubled; it happen­

<lb></lb>eth, beſides the effect of the irradiation, that it is horned; and its 

<lb></lb>creſcents, beſides that they are ſharp, they do receive the Suns light 

<lb></lb>obliquely, and therefore emit but a faint ſplendour; ſo that as 

<lb></lb>being little and weak, its irradiation becometh the leſſe ample 

<lb></lb>and vivacious, than when it appeareth to us with its Hemiſphere all 

<lb></lb>ſhining: but now the Teleſcope manifeſtly ſhews its hornes to 

<lb></lb>have been as terminate and diſtinct as thoſe of the Moon, and 

<lb></lb>appear, as it were, with a great circle, and in a proportion thoſe 

<lb></lb>well neer fourty times greater than its ſame <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> at ſuch time 

<lb></lb>as it is ſuperiour to the Sun in its ultimate matutine apparition.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg556"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An eaſie expe­

<lb></lb>riment that ſhew­

<lb></lb>eth the increaſe in 

<lb></lb>the ſtars, by means 

<lb></lb>of the adventitious 

<lb></lb>rays.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg557"></margin.target>Jupiter <emph type="italics"></emph>augments 

<lb></lb>leſſe than the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Dog­

<lb></lb>ſtar.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg558"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Sun <emph type="italics"></emph>and<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Moon <emph type="italics"></emph>increaſe lis­

<lb></lb>tle.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg559"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is ſeen by ma­

<lb></lb>nifeſt experience, 

<lb></lb>that the more 

<lb></lb>ſplendid bodies do 

<lb></lb>much more irradi­

<lb></lb>ate than the leſſe 

<lb></lb>lucid.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg560"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Teleſcope 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>is the beſt means to 

<lb></lb>take away the ir­

<lb></lb>radiations of the 

<lb></lb>Stars.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg561"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Another ſecond 

<lb></lb>reaſon of the ſmall 

<lb></lb>apparent increaſe 

<lb></lb>of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Venus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. Oh, <emph type="italics"></emph>Nicholas Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> how great would have been 

<lb></lb>thy joy to have ſeen this part of thy Syſteme, confirmed with ſo 

<lb></lb>manifeſt experiments!

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg562"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg562"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"></emph>per­

<lb></lb>ſwaded by reaſons 

<lb></lb>contrary to ſenſible 

<lb></lb>experiments.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Tis true. </s><s>But how much leſſe the fame of his ſublime 

<lb></lb>wit amongſt the intelligent? </s><s>when as it is ſeen, as I alſo ſaid before, 

<lb></lb>that he did conſtantly continue to affirm (being perſwaded thereto 

<lb></lb>by reaſon) that which ſenſible experiments ſeemed to contradict; 

<lb></lb>for I cannot ceaſe to wonder that he ſhould conſtantly perſiſt in 

<lb></lb>ſaying, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> revolveth about the Sun, and is more than ſix 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/317.jpg" pagenum="307"></pb>times farther from us at one time, than at another; and alſo ſeem­

<lb></lb>eth to be alwayes of an equal bigneſs, although it ought to ſhew 

<lb></lb>forty times bigger when neareſt to us, than when fartheſt off.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But in <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter, Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I believe that 

<lb></lb>the differences of their apparent magnitudes, ſhould ſeem punctu­

<lb></lb>ally to anſwer to their different diſtances.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In the two Superiour ones, I have made preciſe ob­

<lb></lb>ſervations yearly for this twenty two years laſt paſt: In <emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg563"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>there can be no obſervation of moment made, by reaſon it ſuf­

<lb></lb>fers not it ſelf to be ſeen, ſave onely in its greateſt digrſſieons 

<lb></lb>from the Sun, in which its diſtances from the earth are inſenſibly 

<lb></lb>unequal, and thoſe differences conſequently not to be obſerved; 

<lb></lb>as alſo its mutations of figures which muſt abſolutely happen in 

<lb></lb>it, as in <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And if we do ſee it, it muſt of neceſſity appear 

<lb></lb>in form of a Semicircle, as <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> likewiſe doth in her greateſt 

<lb></lb>digreſſions; but its <emph type="italics"></emph>diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is ſo very ſmall, and its ſplendor ſo 

<lb></lb>very great, by reaſon of its vicinity to the Sun, that the virtue 

<lb></lb>of the Teleſcope doth not ſuffice to clip its treſſes or adventitious 

<lb></lb>rayes, ſo as to make them appear ſhaved round about. </s><s>It re­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg564"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>mains, that we remove that which ſeemed a great inconvenience 

<lb></lb>in the motion of the Earth, namely that all the Planets moving 

<lb></lb>about the Sun, it alone, not ſolitary as the reſt, but in company 

<lb></lb>with the Moon, and the whole Elementary Sphear, ſhould move 

<lb></lb>round about the Sun in a year; and that the ſaid Moon withal 

<lb></lb>ſhould move every moneth about the earth. </s><s>Here it is neceſſary 

<lb></lb>once again to exclaim and extol the admirable perſpicacity of <emph type="italics"></emph>Co­

<lb></lb>pernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and withal to condole his misfortune, in that he is not 

<lb></lb>now alive in our dayes, when for removing of the ſeeming ab­

<lb></lb>ſurdity of the Earth and Moons motion in conſort we ſee <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupi­

<lb></lb>ter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as if it were another Earth, not in conſort with the Moon, 

<lb></lb>but accompanied by four Moons to rovolve about the Sun in 12. 

<lb></lb>years together, with what ever things the Orbs of the four Medi­

<lb></lb>cæan Stars can contain within them.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg563"></margin.target>Mercury <emph type="italics"></emph>admit­

<lb></lb>teth not of clear 

<lb></lb>obſervations.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg564"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The difficulties 

<lb></lb>removed that ariſe 

<lb></lb>from the Earths 

<lb></lb>moving about the 

<lb></lb>Sun, not ſolitarily, 

<lb></lb>but in conſort with 

<lb></lb>the Moon.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Why do you call the four jovial Planets, Moons?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Such they would ſeem to be to one that ſtanding in 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg565"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhould behold them; for they are of themſelves dark, and 

<lb></lb>receive their light from the Sun, which is manifeſt from their be­

<lb></lb>ing eclipſed, when they enter into the cone of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiters<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhadow: 

<lb></lb>and becauſe onely thoſe their Hemiſpheres, that look towards the 

<lb></lb>Sun are illuminated, to us that are without their Orbs, and near­

<lb></lb>er to the Sun, they ſeem alwayes <emph type="italics"></emph>lucid,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but to one that ſhould be 

<lb></lb>in <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> they would ſhew all illuminated, at ſuch time as they 

<lb></lb>were in the upper parts of their circles; but in the parts inferi­

<lb></lb>our, that is between <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the Sun, they would from <emph type="italics"></emph>Ju­

<lb></lb>piter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> be obſerved to be horned; and in a word they would, to 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/318.jpg" pagenum="308"></pb>the obſervators ſtanding in <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> make the ſelf ſame changes 

<lb></lb>of Figure, that to us upon the Earth, the Moon doth make. </s><s>You 

<lb></lb>ſee now how theſe three things, which at ſirſt ſeémed diſſonant, 

<lb></lb>do admirably accord with the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Syſteme. </s><s>Here alſo by 

<lb></lb>the way may <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſee, with what probability one may con­

<lb></lb>clude, that the Sun and not the Earth, is in the Centre of the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Planetary<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> converſions. </s><s>And ſince the Earth is now placed a­

<lb></lb>mongſt mundane Bodies, that undoubtedly move about the Sun, 

<lb></lb>to wit, above <emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and below <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn, Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; ſhall it not be in like manner probable, and perhaps 

<lb></lb>neceſſary to grant, that it alſo moveth round?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg565"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Medicean 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Stars areas it were 

<lb></lb>four Moons about<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Jupiter.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Theſe accidents are ſo notable and conſpicuous, that 

<lb></lb>it is not poſſible, but that <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and others his Sectators, ſhould 

<lb></lb>have had knowledge of them, and having ſo, it is likewiſe neceſ­

<lb></lb>ſary, that they have found a way to render reaſons of ſuch, and 

<lb></lb>ſo ſenſible appearances that were ſufficient, and alſo congruous 

<lb></lb>and probable, ſeeing that they have for ſo long a time been re­

<lb></lb>ceived by ſuch numbers of learned men.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg566"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg566"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Principal 

<lb></lb>ſcope of Aſtrono­

<lb></lb>mers, is to give a 

<lb></lb>reaſon of appear­

<lb></lb>ances.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You argue very well; but you know that the principal 

<lb></lb>ſcope of <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomers,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is to render only reaſon for the appearances 

<lb></lb>in the Cæleſtial Bodies, and to them, and to the motions of the 

<lb></lb>Stars, to accomodate ſuch ſtructures and compoſitions of Circles, 

<lb></lb>that the motions following thoſe calculations, anſwer to the ſaid 

<lb></lb>appearances, little ſcrupling to admit of ſome exorbitances, that 

<lb></lb>indeed upon other accounts they would much ſtick at. </s><s>And <emph type="italics"></emph>Co-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg567"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>pernic us<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf writes, that he had in his firſt ſtudies reſtored the 

<lb></lb>Science of <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> upon the very ſuppoſitions of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>in ſuch manner corrected the motions of the Planets, that the 

<lb></lb>computations did very exactly agree with the <emph type="italics"></emph>Phænomena,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Phænomena<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with the ſupputations, in caſe that he took the 

<lb></lb>Planets ſeverally one by one. </s><s>But he addeth, that in going a­

<lb></lb>bout to put together all the ſtructures of the particular Fabricks, 

<lb></lb>there reſulted thence a Monſter and <emph type="italics"></emph>Chimæra,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> compoſed of mem­

<lb></lb>bers moſt diſproportionate to one another, and altogether incom­

<lb></lb>patible; So that although it ſatisfied an <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomer<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> meerly <emph type="italics"></emph>A­

<lb></lb>rithmetical,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> yet did it not afford ſatisfaction or content to the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg568"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomer Phyloſophical.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And becauſe he very well under­

<lb></lb>ſtood, that if one might ſalve the Cæleſtial appearances with falſe 

<lb></lb>aſſumptions in nature, it might with much more eaſe be done by 

<lb></lb>true ſuppoſitions, he ſet himſelf diligently to ſearch whether a­

<lb></lb>ny amongſt the antient men of fame, had aſcribed to the World 

<lb></lb>any other ſtructure, than that commonly received by <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; 

<lb></lb>and finding that ſome <emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagoreans<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> had in particular aſſigned 

<lb></lb>the Diurnal converſion to the Earth, and others the annual mo­

<lb></lb>tion alſo, he began to compare the appearances, and particulari­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/319.jpg" pagenum="309"></pb>ties of the Planets motions, with theſe two new ſuppoſitions, all 

<lb></lb>which things jumpt exactly with his purpoſe; and ſeeing the whole 

<lb></lb>correſpond, with admirable facility to its parts, he imbraced this 

<lb></lb>new Syſteme, and it took up his reſt.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg567"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"></emph>re­

<lb></lb>ſtored Aſtronomy 

<lb></lb>upon the ſuppoſiti­

<lb></lb>ous of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ptolomy:</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg568"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>What moved<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Co­

<lb></lb>pernicus <emph type="italics"></emph>to eſta­

<lb></lb>bliſh his Syſteme.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But what great exorbitancies are there in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolo­

<lb></lb>maick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Syſteme, for which there are not greater to be found in this 

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomaick Hypotheſis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> there are diſeaſes, and in 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg569"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> their cures. </s><s>And firſt will not all the Sects of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Phyloſophers,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> account it a great inconvenience, that a body na­

<lb></lb>turally moveable in circumgyration, ſhould move irregularly upon 

<lb></lb>its own Centre, and regularly upon another point? </s><s>And yet 

<lb></lb>there are ſuch deformed motions as theſe in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomæan<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Hypo­

<lb></lb>theſis, but in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> all move evenly about their own 

<lb></lb>Centres. </s><s>In the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomaick,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it is neceſſary to aſſign to the Cæ­

<lb></lb>leſtial bodies, contrary motions, and to make them all to move, 

<lb></lb>from Eaſt to Weſt, and at the ſame time, from Weſt to Eaſt; 

<lb></lb>But in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> all the Cæleſtial revolutions are towards 

<lb></lb>one onely way, from Weſt to Eaſt. </s><s>But what ſhall we ſay of 

<lb></lb>the apparent motion of the Planets, ſo irregular, that they not on­

<lb></lb>ly go one while ſwift, and another while ſlow, but ſometimes 

<lb></lb>wholly ſeace to move; and then after a long time return back a­

<lb></lb>gain? </s><s>To ſalve which appearances <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomie<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> introduceth very great 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Epicicles,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> accommodating them one by one to each Planet, with 

<lb></lb>ſome rules of incongruous motions, which are all with one ſin­

<lb></lb>gle motion of the Earth taken away. </s><s>And would not you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sim­

<lb></lb>plicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> call it a great abſurditie, if in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomaick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Hypothe­

<lb></lb>ſis, in which the particular Planets, have their peculiar Orbs aſ­

<lb></lb>ſigned them one above another, one muſt be frequently forced 

<lb></lb>to ſay, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> conſtituted above the Sphære of the Sun, doth 

<lb></lb>ſo deſcend, that breaking the Solar Orb, it goeth under it, and 

<lb></lb>approacheth neaer to the Earth, than to the Body of the Sun, 

<lb></lb>and by and by immeaſurably aſcendeth above the ſame? </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>yet this, and other exorbitancies are remedied by the Soul and 

<lb></lb>fingle annual motion of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg569"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Inconveniencies 

<lb></lb>that are in the Sy­

<lb></lb>ſteme of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ptolomy.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I would gladly be bettter informed how theſe ſtations, 

<lb></lb>and retrograde and direct motions, which did ever ſeem to me 

<lb></lb>great improbalities, do accord in this <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Syſteme.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg570"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg570"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Its a great Ar­

<lb></lb>gument in favour 

<lb></lb>of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Copernicus, <emph type="italics"></emph>that 

<lb></lb>he obviates the ſta­

<lb></lb>tions &amp; retrograda­

<lb></lb>tions of the motions 

<lb></lb>of the Planets.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You ſhall ſee them ſo to accord, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that 

<lb></lb>this onely conjecture ought to be ſufficient to make one that 

<lb></lb>is not more than pertinacious or ſtupid, yield, aſſent to all the 

<lb></lb>reſt of this Doctrine. </s><s>I tell you therefore, that nothing being 

<lb></lb>altered in the motion of <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which is 30 years, in that 

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which is 12, in that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which is 2, in that of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which is 9. moneths, in that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which is 80. 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/320.jpg" pagenum="310"></pb>dayes, or thereabouts, the ſole annual motion of the Earth be­

<lb></lb>tween <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> cauſeth the apparent inequalities in all </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg571"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the five ſtars before named. </s><s>And for a facile and full under­

<lb></lb>ſtanding of the whole, I will deſcribe this figure of it. </s><s>There­

<lb></lb>fore ſuppoſe the Sun to be placed in the centre O, about which 

<lb></lb>we will draw the Orb deſcribed by the Earth, with the an­

<lb></lb>nual motion B G M, and let the circle deſcribed, <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> about the Sun in 12. years, be this BGM, and in the 

<lb></lb><figure id="id.065.01.320.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/320/1.jpg"></figure>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg572"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſtarry ſphere let us imagine the Zodiack Y V S. Again, in the 

<lb></lb>annual Orb of the Earth let us take certain equal arches, B C, 

<lb></lb>C D, E F, F G, G H, H I, I K, K L, L M, and in the Sphere 

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> let us make certain other arches, paſſed in the ſame 

<lb></lb>times in which the Earth paſſeth hers, which let be B C, C D, 

<lb></lb>D E, E F, F G, G H, H I, I K, K L, L M, which ſhall each be 

<lb></lb>proportionally leſſe than theſe marked in the Earths Orb, like 

<lb></lb>as the motion of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> under the Zodiack is ſlower than the 

<lb></lb>annual. </s><s>Suppoſing now, that when the Earth is in B, <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is 

<lb></lb>in B, it ſhall appear to us in the Zodiack to be in P, deſcribing 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/321.jpg" pagenum="311"></pb>the right line B B P. </s><s>Next ſuppoſe the Earth to be moved from 

<lb></lb>B to C, and <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from B to C, in the ſame time; <emph type="italics"></emph>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>ſhall appear to have paſſed in the Zodiack to Q, and to have 

<lb></lb>moved ſtraight forwards, according to the order of the ſignes 

<lb></lb>P <expan abbr="q.">que</expan> In the next place, the Earth paſſing to D, and <emph type="italics"></emph>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>to D, it ſhall be ſeen in the Zodiack in R, and from E, <emph type="italics"></emph>Iupi­

<lb></lb>ter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> being come to E; will appear in the Zodiack in S, having 

<lb></lb>all this while moved right forwards. </s><s>But the Earth afterwards 

<lb></lb>beginning to interpoſe more directly between <emph type="italics"></emph>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the 

<lb></lb>Sun, ſhe being come to F, and <emph type="italics"></emph>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to F, he will appear in 

<lb></lb>T, to have already begun to return apparently back again un­

<lb></lb>der the Zodiack, and in that time that the Earth ſhall have paſ­

<lb></lb>ed the arch E F, <emph type="italics"></emph>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhall have entertained himſelf between 

<lb></lb>the points S T, and ſhall have appeared to us almoſt motion­

<lb></lb>leſſe and ſtationary. </s><s>The Earth being afterwards come to G, 

<lb></lb>and <emph type="italics"></emph>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to G, in oppoſition to the Sun, it ſhall be viſible in 

<lb></lb>the Zodiack at V, and much returned backwards by all the arch 

<lb></lb>of the Zodiack T V; howbeit that all the way purſuing its even 

<lb></lb>courſe it hath really gone forwards not onely in its own circle, 

<lb></lb>but in the Zodiack alſo in reſpect to the centre of the ſaid Zodi­

<lb></lb>ack, and to the Sun placed in the ſame. </s><s>The Earth and <emph type="italics"></emph>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>again continuing their motions, when the Earth is come to H, 

<lb></lb>and <emph type="italics"></emph>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to H, it ſhall ſeem very much gone backward in the 

<lb></lb>Zodiack by all the arch V X. </s><s>The Earth being come to I, and 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to I, it ſhall be apparently moved in the Zodiack by the lit­

<lb></lb>tle ſpace X Y, and there it will ſeem ſtationary. </s><s>When after­

<lb></lb>wards the Earth ſhall be come to K, and <emph type="italics"></emph>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to K; in the 

<lb></lb>Zodiack he ſhall have paſſed the arch Y N in a direct motion; 

<lb></lb>and the Earth purſuing its courſe to L, ſhall ſee <emph type="italics"></emph>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in L, in 

<lb></lb>the point Z. </s><s>And laſtly <emph type="italics"></emph>Iupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in M ſhall be ſeen from the Earth 

<lb></lb>M, to have paſſed to A, with a motion ſtill right forwards; and 

<lb></lb>its whole apparent retrogadation in the Zodiack ſhall anſwer to 

<lb></lb>the arch S Y, made by <emph type="italics"></emph>Iupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whilſt that he in his own circle 

<lb></lb>paſſeth the arch E I, and the Earth in hers the arch E I. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg573"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>this which hath been ſaid, is intended of <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and of <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>alſo; and in <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> thoſe retrogradations are ſomewhat more 

<lb></lb>frequent than in <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by reaſon that its motion is a little 

<lb></lb>ſlower than that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſo that the Earth overtaketh it 

<lb></lb>it in a ſhorter ſpace of time; in <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> again they are more 

<lb></lb>rare, for that its motion is more ſwift than that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Whereupon the Earth conſumeth more time in recovering it. </s><s>Next 

<lb></lb>as to <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whoſe Circles are comprehended by that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg574"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of the Earth, their ſtations and regreſſions appear to be occaſi­

<lb></lb>oned, not by their motions that really are ſuch, but by the anual 

<lb></lb>motion of the ſaid Earth, as <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> exellently demonſtrateth, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/322.jpg" pagenum="312"></pb>together with <emph type="italics"></emph>Appollonius Pergæus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in <emph type="italics"></emph>lib.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5. of his Revolutions, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Chap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 35.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg571"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſole annual 

<lb></lb>motion of the 

<lb></lb>Earth cauſeth 

<lb></lb>great inequality of 

<lb></lb>motions in the five 

<lb></lb>Planets.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg572"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A demonſtration of 

<lb></lb>the inequalities of 

<lb></lb>the three ſuperiour 

<lb></lb>Planets dependent 

<lb></lb>on the annual mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg573"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Retrogradations 

<lb></lb>more frequent in<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Saturn, <emph type="italics"></emph>leſſe in<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ju­

<lb></lb>piter, <emph type="italics"></emph>and yet leſſe 

<lb></lb>in<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Mars, <emph type="italics"></emph>and why.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg574"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Retrograda­

<lb></lb>tion of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Venus <emph type="italics"></emph>and<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Mercury <emph type="italics"></emph>demon­

<lb></lb>ſtrated by<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Apollo­

<lb></lb>nius <emph type="italics"></emph>and<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Coperni­

<lb></lb>cus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>You ſee, Gentlemen, with what facility and ſimplicity the annu­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg575"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>al motion, were it appertaining to the Earth, is accommodated 

<lb></lb>to render a reaſon of the apparent exorbitances, that are obſerved 

<lb></lb>in the motions of the five Planets, <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Ve­

<lb></lb>nus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> taking them all away, and reducing them to 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg576"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>equal and regular motions. </s><s>And of this admirable effect, <emph type="italics"></emph>Ni­

<lb></lb>cholas Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath been the firſt that hath made the reaſon 

<lb></lb>plain unto us. </s><s>But of another effect, no leſſe admirable than 

<lb></lb>this, and that with a knot, perhaps more difficult to unknit, 

<lb></lb>bindeth the wit of man, to admit this annual converſion, and to 

<lb></lb>leave it to our Terreſtrial Globe; a new and unthought of con­

<lb></lb>jecture ariſeth from the Sun it ſelf, which ſheweth that it is unwil­

<lb></lb>ling to be ſingular in ſhifting, of this atteſtation of ſo eminent a 

<lb></lb>concluſion, rather as a teſtimony beyond all exception, it hath 

<lb></lb>deſired to be heard apart. </s><s>Hearken then to this great and new 

<lb></lb>wonder.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg577"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg575"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The annual mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the Earth 

<lb></lb>moſt apt to render 

<lb></lb>a reaſon of the ex­

<lb></lb>orbttances of the 

<lb></lb>five Planets.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg576"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Sun it ſelf 

<lb></lb>teſtifieth the annu­

<lb></lb>al motion to belong 

<lb></lb>to the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg577"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Lyncæan 

<lb></lb>Academick the 

<lb></lb>firſt diſcoverer of 

<lb></lb>the Solar ſpots, and 

<lb></lb>all the other cele­

<lb></lb>ſtial novelties.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>The firſt diſcoverer and obſerver of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Solar<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſpots, as alſo of 

<lb></lb>all the other Cœleſtial novelties, was our <emph type="italics"></emph>Academick Lincæus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and 

<lb></lb>he diſcovered them <emph type="italics"></emph>anno<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1610. being at that time Reader of the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Mathematicks,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in the Colledge of <emph type="italics"></emph>Padua,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and there, and in <emph type="italics"></emph>Ve­

<lb></lb>nice,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> he diſcourſed thereof with ſeveral perſons, of which ſome </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg578"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>are yet living: And the year following, he ſhewed them in <emph type="italics"></emph>Rome<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>to many great perſonages, as he relates in the firſt of his Letters 

<lb></lb>to <emph type="italics"></emph>Marcus Velſerus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ^{*} Sheriffe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Auguſta.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> He was the 

<lb></lb>firſt that againſt the opinions of the too timorous and too jealous 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg579"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>aſſertors of the Heavens inalterability, affirmed thoſe ſpots to be 

<lb></lb>matters, that in ſhort times were produced and diſſolved: for as 

<lb></lb>to place, they were contiguous to the body of the Sun, and re­

<lb></lb>volved about the ſame; or elſe being carried about by the ſaid 

<lb></lb>Solar body, which revolveth in it ſelfe about its own Centre, in 

<lb></lb>the ſpace almoſt of a moneth, do finiſh their courſe in that time; 

<lb></lb>which motion he judged at firſt to have been made by the Sun a­

<lb></lb>bout an Axis erected upon the plane of the Ecliptick; in regard 

<lb></lb>that the arches deſcribed by the ſaid ſpots upon the <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the 

<lb></lb>Sun appear unto our eye right lines, and parallels to the plane of 

<lb></lb>the Ecliptick: which therefore come to be altered, in part, with 

<lb></lb>ſome accidental, wandring, and irregular motions, to which they 

<lb></lb>are ſubject, and whereby tumultuarily, and without any order 

<lb></lb>they ſucceſſively change ſituations amongſt themſelves, one 

<lb></lb>while crouding cloſe together, another while diſſevering, and 

<lb></lb>ſome dividing themſelves into many and very much changing fi­

<lb></lb>gures, which, for the moſt part, are very unuſual. </s><s>And albeit 

<lb></lb>thoſe ſo inconſtant mutations did ſomewhat alter the primary pe­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/323.jpg" pagenum="313"></pb>riodick courſe of the ſaid ſpots, yet did they not alter the opini­

<lb></lb>on of our friend, ſo as to make him believe, that they were any 

<lb></lb>eſſential and fixed cauſe of thoſe deviations, but he continued to 

<lb></lb>hold, that all the apparent alterations derived themſelves from 

<lb></lb>thoſe accidental mutations: in like manner, juſt as it would hap­

<lb></lb>pen to one that ſhould from far diſtant Regions obſerve the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of our Clouds; which would be diſcovered to move with a 

<lb></lb>moſt ſwift, great, and conſtant motion, carried round by the di­

<lb></lb>urnal <emph type="italics"></emph>Vertigo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the Earth (if haply that motion belong to the 

<lb></lb>ſame) in twenty four hours, by circles parallel to the Equinocti­

<lb></lb>al, but yet altered, in part, by the accidental motions cauſed by 

<lb></lb>the winds, which drive them, at all adventures, towards different 

<lb></lb>quarters of the World. </s><s>While this was in agitation, it came to 

<lb></lb>paſs that <emph type="italics"></emph>Velſerus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſent him two Letters, written by a certain per­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg580"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſon, under the feigned name of ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Apelles,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> upon the ſubject of 

<lb></lb>theſe Spots, requeſting him, with importunity, to declare his 

<lb></lb>thoughts freely upon thoſe Letters, and withall to let him know 

<lb></lb>what his opinion was touching the eſſence of thoſe ſpots; which his 

<lb></lb>requeſt he ſatisfied in 3 Letters, ſhewing firſt of all howvain the 

<lb></lb>conjectures of <emph type="italics"></emph>Apelles<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> were; &amp; diſcovering, ſecondly, his own opi­

<lb></lb>nions; withal foretelling to him, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Apelles<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> would undoubtedly 

<lb></lb>be better adviſed in time, and turn to his opinion, as it afterwards 

<lb></lb>came to paſs. </s><s>And becauſe that our Academian (as it was alſo 

<lb></lb>the judgment of many others that were intelligent in Natures ſe­

<lb></lb>crets) thought he had in thoſe three Letters inveſtigated and de­

<lb></lb>monſtrated, if not all that could be deſired, or required by hu­

<lb></lb>mane curioſity, at leaſt all that could be attained by humane 

<lb></lb>reaſon in ſuch a matter, he, for ſome time (being buſied in other 

<lb></lb>ſtudies) intermitted his continual obſervations, and onely in com­

<lb></lb>placency to ſome friend, joyned with him, in making now and 

<lb></lb>then an abrupt obſervation: till that he, and after ſome years, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg581"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>we, being then at my ^{*} Country-ſeat, met with one of the ſolita­

<lb></lb>ry Solar ſpots very big, and thick, invited withal by a clear and 

<lb></lb>conſtant ſerenity of the Heavens, he, at my requeſt, made obſer­

<lb></lb>vations of the whole progreſſe of the ſaid ſpot, carefully marking 

<lb></lb>upon a ſheet of paper the places that it was in every day at the 

<lb></lb>time of the Suns coming into the Meridian; and we having found 

<lb></lb>that its courſe was not in a right line, but ſomewhat incurvated, 

<lb></lb>we came to reſolve, at laſt, to make other obſervations from time 

<lb></lb>to time; to which undertaking we were ſtrongly induced by a 

<lb></lb>conceit, that accidentally came into the minde of my Gueſt, 

<lb></lb>which he imparted to me in theſe or the like words.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg578"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The hiſtory of 

<lb></lb>the proceedings of 

<lb></lb>the Academian 

<lb></lb>for a long time a­

<lb></lb>bout the obſervati­

<lb></lb>on of the Solar 

<lb></lb>ſpots.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg579"></margin.target>* Duumviro.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg580"></margin.target>* This Authors 

<lb></lb>true name is <emph type="italics"></emph>Chri­

<lb></lb>ſtopher Scheiner us<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>a Jeſuit, and his 

<lb></lb>Book here meant 

<lb></lb>is intituled, <emph type="italics"></emph>Apel­

<lb></lb>les poſt tabulam.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg581"></margin.target>* La mia villa 

<lb></lb>delle Selue.</s></p><p type="main"><s>In my opinion, <emph type="italics"></emph>Philip,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> there is a way opened to a buſineſs of 

<lb></lb>very great conſequence. </s><s>For if the Axis about which the Sun 

<lb></lb>turneth be not erect perpendicularly to the plane of the Eclip­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/324.jpg" pagenum="314"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg582"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>tick, but is inclined upon the ſame, as its crooked courſe, but e­

<lb></lb>ven now obſerved, makes me believe, we ſhall be able to make 

<lb></lb>ſuch conjectures of the ſtates of the Sun and Earth, as neither ſo 

<lb></lb>ſolid or ſo rational have been hitherto deduced from any other ac­

<lb></lb>cident whatſoever. </s><s>I being awakened at ſo great a promiſe, im­

<lb></lb>portun&#039;d him to make a free diſcovery of his conceit unto me. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And he continued his diſcourſe to this purpoſe. </s><s>If the Earths 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg583"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>motion were along the Ecliptique about the Sun; and the Sun 

<lb></lb>were conſtituted in the centre of the ſaid Ecliptick, and therein 

<lb></lb>revolved in its ſelf, not about the Axis of the ſaid Ecliptique 

<lb></lb>(which would be the Axis of the Earths annual motion) but up­

<lb></lb>on one inclined, it muſt needs follow, that ſtrange changes will 

<lb></lb>repreſent themſelves to us in the apparent motions of the Solar 

<lb></lb>ſpots, although the ſaid Axis of the Sun ſhould be ſuppoſed to 

<lb></lb>perſiſt perpetually and immutably in the ſame inclination, and in 

<lb></lb>one and the ſame direction towards the ſelf-ſame point of the 

<lb></lb>Univerſe. </s><s>Therefore the Terreſtrial Globe in the annual motion 

<lb></lb>moving round it, it will firſt follow, that to us, carried about by 

<lb></lb>the ſame, the courſes of the ſpots ſhall ſometimes ſeem to be 

<lb></lb>made in right lines, but this only twice a year, and at all other 

<lb></lb>times ſhall appear to be made by arches inſenſibly incurvated. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Secondly, the curvity of thoſe arches for one half of the year, 

<lb></lb>will ſhew inclined the contrary way to what they will appear in 

<lb></lb>the other half; that is, for ſix moneths the convexity of the ar­

<lb></lb>ches ſhall be towards the upper part of the Solar <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and for 

<lb></lb>the other ſix moneths towards the inferiour. </s><s>Thirdly, the ſpots be­

<lb></lb>ginning to appear, and (if I may ſo ſpeak) to riſe to our eye from 

<lb></lb>the left ſide of the Solar <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and going to hide themſelves 

<lb></lb>and to ſet in the right ſide, the Oriental termes, that is, of their 

<lb></lb>firſt appearings for ſix moneths, ſhall be lower than the oppoſite 

<lb></lb>termes of their occultations; and for other ſix moneths it ſhall 

<lb></lb>happen contrarily, to wit, that the ſaid ſpots riſing from more e­

<lb></lb>levated points, and from them deſcending, they ſhall, in their 

<lb></lb>courſes, go and hide themſelves in lower points; and onely for 

<lb></lb>two dayes in all the year ſhall thoſe termes of riſings and ſet­

<lb></lb>tings be equilibrated: after which freely beginning by ſmall de­

<lb></lb>grees the inclination of the courſes of the ſpots, and day by day 

<lb></lb>growing bigger, in three moneths, it ſhall arrive at its greateſt 

<lb></lb>obliquity, and from thence beginning to diminiſh, in ſuch another 

<lb></lb>time it ſhall reduce it ſelf to the other <emph type="italics"></emph>Æquilibrium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> It ſhall hap­

<lb></lb>pen, for a fourth wonder, that the courſe of the greateſt obli­

<lb></lb>quity ſhall be the ſame with the courſe made by the right line, 

<lb></lb>and in the day of the Libration the arch of the courſe ſhall ſeem 

<lb></lb>more than ever incurvated. </s><s>Again, in the other times, accord­

<lb></lb>ing as the pendency ſhall ſucceſſively diminiſh, and make its ap­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/325.jpg" pagenum="315"></pb>proach towards the <emph type="italics"></emph>Æquilibrium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the incurvation of the arches 

<lb></lb>of the courſes on the contrary ſhall, by degrees, increaſe.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg582"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A concipt that 

<lb></lb>came ſuddenly in­

<lb></lb>to the minde of 

<lb></lb>the Academian<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Lyncæus <emph type="italics"></emph>concern­

<lb></lb>ing the great con­

<lb></lb>ſequence that fol­

<lb></lb>lowed upon the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the Solar 

<lb></lb>ſpots.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg583"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Extravagant mu­

<lb></lb>tations to be obſer­

<lb></lb>ved in the motions 

<lb></lb>of the ſpots, fore­

<lb></lb>ſeen by the Aca­

<lb></lb>demick, in caſe 

<lb></lb>the Earth had the 

<lb></lb>annual motion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I confeſſe, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that to interrupt you in your 

<lb></lb>Diſcourſe is ill manners, but I eſteem it no leſſe rudeneſs to per­

<lb></lb>mit you to run on any farther in words, whilſt they are, as the 

<lb></lb>ſaying is, caſt into the air: for, to ſpeak freely, I know not how 

<lb></lb>to form any diſtinct conceit of ſo much as one of theſe concluſi­

<lb></lb>ons, that you have pronounced; but becauſe, as I thus general­

<lb></lb>ly and confuſedly apprehend them, they hold forth things of ad­

<lb></lb>mirable conſequence, I would gladly, ſome way or other, be 

<lb></lb>made to underſtand the ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The ſame that befalls you, befell me alſo, whilſt my 

<lb></lb>Gueſt tranſported me with bare words; who afterwards aſſiſted 

<lb></lb>my capacity, by deſcribing the buſineſſe upon a material Inſtru­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg584"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ment, which was no other than a ſimple Sphere, making uſe of 

<lb></lb>ſome of its circles, but to a different purpoſe from that, to which 

<lb></lb>they are commonly applied. </s><s>Now I will ſupply the defect of 

<lb></lb>the Sphere, by drawing the ſame upon a piece of paper, as need 

<lb></lb>ſhall require. </s><s>And to repreſent the firſt accident by me propoun­

<lb></lb>ded, which was, that the courſes or journeys of the ſpots, twice 

<lb></lb>a year, and no more, might be ſeen to be made in right lines, let 

<lb></lb>us ſuppoſe this point O [<emph type="italics"></emph>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4.] to be the centre of the grand 

<lb></lb>Orb, or, if you will, of the Ecliptick, and likewiſe alſo of the 

<lb></lb>Globe of the Sun it ſelf; of which, by reaſon of the great di­

<lb></lb>ſtance that is between it and the Earth, we that live upon the 

<lb></lb>Earth, may ſuppoſe that we ſee the one half: we will therefore 

<lb></lb>deſcribe this circle A B C D about the ſaid centre O, which repre­

<lb></lb>ſenteth unto us the extream term that divideth and ſeparates the 

<lb></lb>Hemiſphere of the Sun that is apparent to us, from the other that 

<lb></lb>is occult. </s><s>And becauſe that our eye, no leſſe than the centre of 

<lb></lb>the Earth, is underſtood to be in the plane of the Ecliptick, in 

<lb></lb>which is likewiſe the centre of the Sun, therefore, if we ſhould 

<lb></lb>fancy to our ſelves the body of the Sun to be cut thorow by the 

<lb></lb>ſaid plane, the ſection will appear to our eye a right line, which 

<lb></lb>let be B O D, and upon that a perpendicular being let fall AOC, 

<lb></lb>it ſhall be the Axis of the ſaid Ecliptick, and of the annual mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the Terreſtrial Globe. </s><s>Let us next ſuppoſe the Solar body 

<lb></lb>(without changing centre) to revolve in it ſelf, not about the 

<lb></lb>Axis A O C (which is the erect Axis upon the plane of the E­

<lb></lb>cliptick) but about one ſomewhat inclined, which let be this 

<lb></lb>E O I, the which fixed and unchangeable Axis maintaineth it ſelf 

<lb></lb>perpetually in the ſame inclination and direction towards the 

<lb></lb>ſame points of the Firmament, and of the Univerſe. </s><s>And be­

<lb></lb>cauſe, in the revolutions of the Solar Globe, each point of its ſu­

<lb></lb>perficies (the Poles excepted) deſcribeth the circumference of a 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/326.jpg" pagenum="316"></pb>circle, either bigger or leſſer, according as it is more or leſſe re­

<lb></lb>mote from the ſaid Poles, let us take the point F, equally diſtant 

<lb></lb>from them, and draw the diameter F O G, which ſhall be perpen­

<lb></lb>dicular to the Axis E I, and ſhall be the diameter of the grand 

<lb></lb>circle deſcribed about the Poles E I. </s><s>Suppoſing not that the 

<lb></lb>Earth, and we with her be in ſuch a place of the Ecliptick, that 

<lb></lb>the Hemiſphere of the Sun to us apparent is determin&#039;d or bound­

<lb></lb>ed by the circle A B C D, which paſſing (as it alwayes doth) by 

<lb></lb>the Poles A C, paſſeth alſo by E I. </s><s>It is manifeſt, that the grand 

<lb></lb>circle, whoſe diameter is FG, ſhall be erect to the circle A B C D, 

<lb></lb>to which the ray that from our eye falleth upon the centre O, is 

<lb></lb>perpendicular; ſo that the ſaid ray falleth upon the plane of 

<lb></lb>the circle, whoſe diameter is F G, and therefore its circumference 

<lb></lb>will appear to us a right line, and the ſelf ſame with F G, where­

<lb></lb>upon if there ſhould be in the point F, a ſpot, it comming after­

<lb></lb>wards to be carried about by the Solar converſion, would, upon 

<lb></lb>the ſurface of the Sun, trace out the circumference of that cir­

<lb></lb>cle, which ſeems to us a right line. </s><s>Its courſe or paſſage will 

<lb></lb>therefore ſeem ſtraight. </s><s>And ſtraight alſo will the motion of the 

<lb></lb>other ſpots appear, which in the ſaid revolution ſhall deſcribe leſ­

<lb></lb>ſer circles, as being all parallel to the greater, and to our eye 

<lb></lb>placed at an immenſe diſtance from them. </s><s>Now, if you do but 

<lb></lb>conſider, how that after the Earth ſhall in ſix moneths have run 

<lb></lb>thorow half the grand Orb, and ſhall be ſituate oppoſite to that 

<lb></lb>Hemiſphere of the Sun, which is now occult unto us, ſo as that 

<lb></lb>the boundary of the part that then ſhall be ſeen, may be the ſelf 

<lb></lb>ſame A B C D, which alſo ſhall paſſe by the Poles E I; you 

<lb></lb>ſhall underſtand that the ſame will evene in the courſes of the 

<lb></lb>ſpots, as before, to wit, that all will appear to be made by right 

<lb></lb>lines. </s><s>But becauſe that that accident takes not place, ſave one­

<lb></lb>ly when the terminator or boundary paſſeth by the Poles E I, 

<lb></lb>and the ſaid terminator from moment to moment, by meanes of 

<lb></lb>the Earths annual motion, continually altereth, therefore its paſ­

<lb></lb>ſage by the fixed Poles E I, ſhall be momentary, and conſequent­

<lb></lb>ly momentary ſhall be the time, in which the motions of thoſe 

<lb></lb>ſpots ſhall appear ſtraight. </s><s>From what hath been hitherto ſpoken 

<lb></lb>one may comprehend alſo how that the apparition and beginning 

<lb></lb>of the motion of the ſpots from the part F, proceeding towards 

<lb></lb>G, their paſſages or courſes are from the left hand, aſcending to­

<lb></lb>wards the right; but the Earth being placed in the part diame­

<lb></lb>trically oppoſite the appearance of the ſpots about G, ſhall ſtill 

<lb></lb>be to the left hand of the beholder, but the paſſage ſhall be deſ­

<lb></lb>cending towards the right hand F. </s><s>Let us now deſcribe the Earth 

<lb></lb>te be ſituate one fourth part farther diſtant from its preſent ſtate, 

<lb></lb>and let us draw, as in the other figure, the terminator A B C D, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/327.jpg" pagenum="317"></pb>[<emph type="italics"></emph>as in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5.] and the Axis, as before A C, by which the plane 

<lb></lb>of our Meridian would paſſe, in which plane ſhould alſo be the 

<lb></lb>Axis of the Suns revolution, with its Poles, one towards us, that 

<lb></lb>is, in the apparent Hemiſphere, which Pole we will repreſent by 

<lb></lb>the point E, and the other ſhall fall in the occult Hemiſphere, 

<lb></lb>and I mark it I. </s><s>Inclining therefore the Axis E I, with the ſupe­

<lb></lb>riour part E, towards us, the great circle deſcribed by the Suns 

<lb></lb>converſion, ſhall be this B F D G, whoſe half by us ſeen, name­

<lb></lb>ly B F D, ſhall no longer ſeem unto us a right line, by reaſon the 

<lb></lb>Poles E I are not in the circumference A B C D, but ſhall appear 

<lb></lb>incurvated, and with its convexity towards the inferiour part C. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And it is manifeſt, that the ſame will appear in all the leſſer cir­

<lb></lb>cles parallel to the ſame B F D. </s><s>It is to be underſtood alſo, that 

<lb></lb>when the Earth ſhall be diametrically oppoſite to this ſtate, ſo 

<lb></lb>that it ſeeth the other Hemiſphere of the Sun, which now is hid, 

<lb></lb>it ſhall of the ſaid great circle behold the part D G B incurved, 

<lb></lb>with its convexity towards the ſuperiour part A; and the cour­

<lb></lb>ſes of the ſpots in theſe conſtitutions ſhall be firſt, by the arch 

<lb></lb>B F D, and afterwards by the other D G B, and the firſt appari­

<lb></lb>tions and ultimate occultations made about the points B and D, 

<lb></lb>ſhall be equilibrated, and not thoſe that are more or leſſe eleva­

<lb></lb>ted than theſe. </s><s>But if we conſtitute the Earth in ſuch a place 

<lb></lb>of the Ecliptick, that neither the boundary A B C D, nor the 

<lb></lb>Meridian A C, paſſeth by the Poles of the Axis E I, as I will ſhew 

<lb></lb>you anon, drawing this other Figure [<emph type="italics"></emph>viz. </s><s>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6.] wherein the 

<lb></lb>apparent or viſible Pole E falleth between the arch of the termi­

<lb></lb>nator A B, and the ſection of the Meridian A C; the diameter 

<lb></lb>of the great circle ſhall be F O G, and the apparent ſemicircle 

<lb></lb>F N G, and the occult ſemicircle G S F, the one incurvated with 

<lb></lb>its convexity N towards the inferiour part, and the other alſo 

<lb></lb>bending with its convexity S towards the upper part of the Sun. 

<lb></lb></s><s>The ingreſſions and exitions of the ſpots, that is, the termes F 

<lb></lb>and G ſhall not be librated, as the two others B and D; but F 

<lb></lb>ſhall be lower, and G higher: but yet with leſſer difference 

<lb></lb>than in the firſt Figure. </s><s>The arch alſo F N G ſhall be incurva­

<lb></lb>ted, but not ſo much as the precedent B F D; ſo that in this po­

<lb></lb>ſition the paſſages or motions of the ſpots ſhall be aſcendent 

<lb></lb>from the left ſide F, towards the right G, and ſhall be made by 

<lb></lb>curved lines. </s><s>And imagining the Earth to be conſtituted in the 

<lb></lb>poſition diametrically oppoſite; ſo that the Hemiſphere of the 

<lb></lb>Sun, which was before the occult, may be the apparent, and ter­

<lb></lb>minated by the ſame boundary A B C D, it will be manifeſtly 

<lb></lb>diſcerned, that the courſe of the ſpots ſhall be by the arch G S F, 

<lb></lb>beginning from the upper point G, which ſhall then be likewiſe 

<lb></lb>from the left hand of the beholder, and going to determine, deſ­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/328.jpg" pagenum="318"></pb>ſcending towards the right, in the point F. </s><s>What I have hi­

<lb></lb>therto ſaid, being underſtood, I believe that there remains no 

<lb></lb>difficulty in conceiving how ſrom the paſſing of the terminator of 

<lb></lb>the Solar Hemiſpheres by the Poles of the Suns converſion, or 

<lb></lb>neer or far from the ſame, do ariſe all the differences in the appa­

<lb></lb>rent courſes of the ſpots; ſo that by how much the more thoſe Poles 

<lb></lb>ſhall be remote from the ſaid terminator, by ſo much the more ſhall 

<lb></lb>thoſe courſes be incurvated, and leſſe oblique; whereupon at 

<lb></lb>the ſame diſtance, that is, when thoſe Poles are in the ſection of 

<lb></lb>the Meridian, the incurvation is reduced to the greateſt, but the 

<lb></lb>obliquity to the leaſt, that is to <emph type="italics"></emph>Æquilibrium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as the ſecond of 

<lb></lb>theſe three laſt figures [<emph type="italics"></emph>viz. </s><s>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5.] demonſtrateth. </s><s>On the 

<lb></lb>contrary, when the Poles are in the terminator, as the firſt of 

<lb></lb>theſe three figures [<emph type="italics"></emph>viz. </s><s>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4.] ſheweth the inclination is at 

<lb></lb>the greateſt, but the incurvation at the leaſt, and reduced to 

<lb></lb>rectitude. </s><s>The terminator departing from the Poles, the curvity 

<lb></lb>begins to grow ſenſible, the obliquity all the way encreaſing, 

<lb></lb>and the inclination growing leſſer.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg584"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The firſt Ac­

<lb></lb>cident to be obſer­

<lb></lb>ved in the motion 

<lb></lb>of the Solar ſpots; 

<lb></lb>and conſequently 

<lb></lb>all the reſt explai­

<lb></lb>ned.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>Theſe are thoſe admirable and extravagant mutations, that my 

<lb></lb>Gueſt told me would from time to time appear in the progreſſes 

<lb></lb>of the Solar ſpots, if ſo be it ſhould be true that the annual mo­

<lb></lb>tion belonged to the Earth, and that the Sun being conſtituted 

<lb></lb>in the centre of the Ecliptick, were revolved in it ſelf upon an 

<lb></lb>Axis, not erect, but inclined to the Plane of the ſaid Eclip­

<lb></lb>tick.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I do now very well apprehend theſe conſequences, 

<lb></lb>and believe that they will be better imprinted in my fancy, when 

<lb></lb>I ſhall come to reflect upon them, accommodating a Globe to 

<lb></lb>thoſe inclinations, and then beholding them from ſeveral pla­

<lb></lb>ces. </s><s>It now remains that you tell us what followed afterwards 

<lb></lb>touching the event of theſe imaginary conſequences.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg585"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg585"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The events be­

<lb></lb>ing obſerved, were 

<lb></lb>anſwerable to the 

<lb></lb>predictions.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It came to paſſe thereupon, that continuing many ſe­

<lb></lb>veral moneths to make moſt accurate obſervations, noting down 

<lb></lb>with great exactneſſe the courſes or tranſitions of ſundry ſpots at 

<lb></lb>divers times of the year, we found the events punctually to cor­

<lb></lb>reſpond to the predictions.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if this which <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſaith be true; (nor 

<lb></lb>can we diſtruſt him upon his word) the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomeans<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Aristo­

<lb></lb>teleans<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hadneed of ſolid arguments, ſtrong conjectures, and 

<lb></lb>well grounded experiments to counterpoiſe an objection of ſo 

<lb></lb>much weight, and to ſupport their opinion from its final over­

<lb></lb>throw.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Fair and ſoftly good Sir, for haply you may not yet 

<lb></lb>be got ſo far as you perſwade your ſelf you are gone. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>though I am not an abſolute maſter of the ſubject of that narra­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/329.jpg" pagenum="319"></pb>tion given us by <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; yet do I not find that my Logick, </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg586"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>whilſt I have a regard to form, teacheth me, that that kind of ar­

<lb></lb>gumentation affords me any neceſſary reaſon to conclude in fa­

<lb></lb>vour of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Hypotheſis, that is, of the ſtability of 

<lb></lb>the Sun in the centre of the Zodiack, and of the mobility of 

<lb></lb>the Earth under its circumference. </s><s>For although it be true, that 

<lb></lb>the ſaid converſion of the Sun, and cirnition of the Earth being 

<lb></lb>granted, there be a neceſſity of diſcerning ſuch and ſuch ſtrange 

<lb></lb>extravagancies as theſe in the ſpots of the Sun, yet doth it not 

<lb></lb>follow that arguing <emph type="italics"></emph>per converſum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from finding ſuch like un­

<lb></lb>uſual accidents in the Sun, one muſt of necſſity conclude the 

<lb></lb>Earth to move by the circumference, and the Sun to be placed 

<lb></lb>in the centre of the Zodiack. </s><s>For who ſhall aſſertain me that the 

<lb></lb>like irregularities may not as well be viſible in the Sun, it being 

<lb></lb>moveable by the Ecliptick, to the inhabitants of the Earth, it 

<lb></lb>being alſo immoveable in the centre of the ſame? </s><s>Unleſſe you 

<lb></lb>demonſtrate to me, that there can be no reaſon given for that ap­

<lb></lb>pearance, when the Sun is made moveable, and the Earth ſtable, 

<lb></lb>I will not alter my opinion and belief that the Sun moveth, and 

<lb></lb>the Earth ſtandeth ſtill.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg586"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Though the an­

<lb></lb>nual motion aſſign­

<lb></lb>ed to the Earth an­

<lb></lb>ſwerth to the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Phæ­

<lb></lb>nomena <emph type="italics"></emph>of the ſo­

<lb></lb>lar ſpots, yet doth 

<lb></lb>it not follow by con­

<lb></lb>verſion that from 

<lb></lb>the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Phænomena <emph type="italics"></emph>of 

<lb></lb>the ſpots one may 

<lb></lb>infor the annual 

<lb></lb>motion to belong to 

<lb></lb>the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> behaveth himſelf very bravely, and argueth 

<lb></lb>very ſubtilly in defence of the cauſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; 

<lb></lb>and if I may ſpeak the truth, mythinks that the converſation of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> though it have been but of ſmall continuance, hath 

<lb></lb>much farthered him in diſcourſing ſilogiſtically. </s><s>An effect which 

<lb></lb>I know to be wrought in others as well as him. </s><s>But as to finding 

<lb></lb>and judging whether competent reaſon may be rendered of the 

<lb></lb>apparent exorbitancies and irregularities in the motions of the 

<lb></lb>ſpots, ſuppoſing the Earth to be immoveable, and the Sun 

<lb></lb>moveable, I ſhall expect that <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> manifeſt his opinion to 

<lb></lb>us, for it is very probable that he he hath conſidered of the 

<lb></lb>ſame, and collected together whatever may be ſaid upon the 

<lb></lb>point.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have often thought thereon, and alſo diſcourſed 

<lb></lb>thereof with my Friend and Gueſt afore-named; and touching 

<lb></lb>what is to be produced by Philoſophers and Aſtronomers, in de­

<lb></lb>fence of the ancient Syſteme, we are on one hand certain, cer­

<lb></lb>tain I ſay, that the true and pure <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> laughing at ſuch 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg587"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>as employ themſelves in ſuch, to their thinking, inſipid foole­

<lb></lb>ries, will cenſure all theſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Phænomena<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to be vain illuſions of the 

<lb></lb>Chriſtals; and in this manner will with little trouble free them­

<lb></lb>ſelves from the obligation of ſtudying any more upon the ſame. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Again, as to the Aſtronomical Philoſophers, after we have with 

<lb></lb>ſome diligence weighed that which may be alledged as a mean 

<lb></lb>between thoſe two others, we have not been able to find out an 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/330.jpg" pagenum="320"></pb>anſwer that ſufficeth to ſatisſie at once the courſe of the ſpots, 

<lb></lb>and the diſcourſe of the Mind. </s><s>I will explain unto you ſo much 

<lb></lb>as I remember thereof, that ſo you may judge thereon as ſeems 

<lb></lb>beſt unto you.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg587"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Pure<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Peri­

<lb></lb>patetick <emph type="italics"></emph>Philoſo­

<lb></lb>phers will laugh at 

<lb></lb>the ſpots and their<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Phænomena, <emph type="italics"></emph>as 

<lb></lb>illuſions of the 

<lb></lb>Chryſtals in the 

<lb></lb>Teleſcope.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>Suppoſing that the apparent motions of the Solar ſpots are the 

<lb></lb>ſame with thoſe that have been above declared, and ſuppoſing the 

<lb></lb>Earth to be immoveable in the centre of the Ecliptick, in whoſe 

<lb></lb>circumference let the center of the Sun be placed; it is neceſſary 

<lb></lb>that of all the differences that are ſeen in thoſe motions, the cau­

<lb></lb>ſes do reſide in the motions that are in the body of the Sun: 

<lb></lb>Which in the firſt place muſt neceſſarily revolve in it ſelf (<emph type="italics"></emph>i. </s><s>e.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg588"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>about its own axis) carrying the ſpots along therewith; which 

<lb></lb>ſpots have been ſuppoſed, yea and proved to adhere to the So­

<lb></lb>lar ſuperficies. </s><s>It muſt ſecondly be confeſt, that the Axis of the 

<lb></lb>Solar converſion is not parallel to the Axis of the Ecliptick, that 

<lb></lb>is as much as to ſay, that it is not perpendicularly erected upon 

<lb></lb>the Plane of the Ecliptick, becauſe if it were ſo, the courſes and 

<lb></lb>exitions of thoſe ſpots would ſeem to be made by right lines pa­

<lb></lb>rallel to the Ecliptick. </s><s>The ſaid Axis therefore is inclining, in 

<lb></lb>regard the ſaid courſes are for the moſt part made by curve lines. 

<lb></lb></s><s>It will be neceſſary in the third place to grant that the inclinati­

<lb></lb>on of this Axis is not fixed, and continually extended towards 

<lb></lb>one and the ſame point of the Univerſe, but rather that it doth 

<lb></lb>alwayes from moment to moment go changing its direction; for 

<lb></lb>if the pendency ſhould always look towards the ſelf ſame point, 

<lb></lb>the courſes of the ſpots would never change appearance; but 

<lb></lb>appearing at one time either right or curved, bending upwards 

<lb></lb>or downwards, aſcending or deſcending, they would appear 

<lb></lb>the ſame at all times. </s><s>It is therefore neceſſary to ſay, that the 

<lb></lb>ſaid Axis is convertible; and is ſometimes found to be in the 

<lb></lb>Plane of the circle that is extreme, terminate, or of the viſible 

<lb></lb>Hemiſphere, I mean at ſuch time as the courſes of the ſpots 

<lb></lb>ſeem to be made in right lines, and more than ever pendent, 

<lb></lb>which happeneth twice a year; and at other times found to be in 

<lb></lb>the Plane of the Meridian of the Obſervator, in ſuch ſort that 

<lb></lb>one of its Poles falleth in the viſible Hemiſphere of the Sun, and 

<lb></lb>the other in the occult; and both of them remote from the ex­

<lb></lb>treme points, or we may ſay, from the poles of another Axis of 

<lb></lb>the Sun, which is parallel to the Axis of the Ecliptick; (which 

<lb></lb>ſecond Axis muſt neceſſarily be aſſigned to the Solar Globe) re­

<lb></lb>mote, I ſay, as far as the inclination of the Axis of the revolution 

<lb></lb>of the ſpots doth import; and moreover that the Pole falling in 

<lb></lb>the apparent Hemiſphere, is one while in the ſuperiour, another 

<lb></lb>while in the inferiour part thereof; for that it muſt be ſo, the 

<lb></lb>courſes themſelves do manifeſtly evince at ſuch time as they are 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/331.jpg" pagenum="321"></pb>equilibrated, and in their greateſt curvity, one while with 

<lb></lb>their convexity towards the upper part, and another while 

<lb></lb>towards the lower part of the Solar <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And becauſe 

<lb></lb>thoſe poſitions are in continuall alteration, making the in­

<lb></lb>clinations and incurvations now greater, now leſſer, and ſome­

<lb></lb>times reduce themſelves, the firſt ſort to perfect libration, and 

<lb></lb>the ſecond to perfect perpendicularity, it is neceſſary to aſſert that 

<lb></lb>the ſelf ſame Axis of the monethly revolution of the ſpots hath 

<lb></lb>a particular revolution of its own, whereby its Poles deſcribe 

<lb></lb>two circles about the Poles of another Axis, which for that rea­

<lb></lb>ſon ought (as I have ſaid) to be aſſigned to the Sun, the ſemidi­

<lb></lb>ameter of which circles anſwereth to the quantity of the incli­

<lb></lb>nation of the ſaid Axis. </s><s>And it is neceſſary, that the time of its 

<lb></lb>Period be a year; for that ſuch is the time in which all the ap­

<lb></lb>pearances and differences in the courſes of the ſpots do return. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And that the revolution of this Axis, is made about the Poles of 

<lb></lb>the other Axis parallel to that of the Ecliptick, &amp; not about other 

<lb></lb>points, the greateſt inclinations and greateſt incurvations, which 

<lb></lb>are always of the ſame bigneſs, do clearly prove. </s><s>So that finally, to 

<lb></lb>maintain the Earth fixed in the centre, it will be neceſſary to aſ­

<lb></lb>ſign to the Sun, two motions about its own centre, upon two ſeve­

<lb></lb>ral Axes, one of which finiſheth its converſion in a year, and the 

<lb></lb>other in leſſe than a moneth; which aſſumption ſeemeth, to my 

<lb></lb>underſtanding, very hard, and almoſt impoſſible; and this de­

<lb></lb>pendeth on the neceſſity of aſcribing to the ſaid Solar body two 

<lb></lb>other motions about the Earth upon different Axes, deſcribing 

<lb></lb>with one the Ecliptick in a year, and with the other forming ſpi­

<lb></lb>rals, or circles parallel to the Equinoctial one every day: 

<lb></lb>whereupon that third motion which ought to be aſſigned to the 

<lb></lb>Solar Clobe about its own centre (I mean not that almoſt 

<lb></lb>monethly, which carrieth the ſpots about, but I ſpeak of that o­

<lb></lb>ther which ought to paſſe thorow the Axis and Poles of this 

<lb></lb>monethly one) ought not, for any reaſon that I ſee, to finiſh its 

<lb></lb>Period rather in a year, as depending on the annual motion by 

<lb></lb>the Ecliptick, than in twenty four hours, as depending on the 

<lb></lb>diurnal motion upon the Poles of the Equinoctial. </s><s>I know, that 

<lb></lb>what I now ſpeak is very obſcure, but I ſhall make it plain unto 

<lb></lb>you, when we come to ſpeak of the third motion annual, aſſign­

<lb></lb>ed by <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to the Earth. </s><s>Now if theſe four motions, ſo 

<lb></lb>incongruous with each other, (all which it would be neceſſary to 

<lb></lb>aſſign to the ſelf ſame body of the Sun) may be reduced to one 

<lb></lb>ſole and ſimple motion, aſſigned the Sun upon an Axis that never 

<lb></lb>changeth poſition, and that without innovating any thing in the 

<lb></lb>motions for ſo many other cauſes aſſigned to the Terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe, may ſo eaſily ſalve ſo many extravagant appearances in 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/332.jpg" pagenum="322"></pb>the motions of the Solar ſpots, it ſeemeth really that ſuch an 

<lb></lb>Hypotheſis ought not to be rejected.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg588"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>If the Earth be 

<lb></lb>immoveable in the 

<lb></lb>centre of the Zodi­

<lb></lb>ack, there muſt be 

<lb></lb>aſcribed to the Sun 

<lb></lb>four ſeveral moti­

<lb></lb>ons, as is declared 

<lb></lb>at length.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>This, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is all that came into the minds of our friend, 

<lb></lb>and my ſelf, that could be alledged in explanation of this <emph type="italics"></emph>Phæno­

<lb></lb>menon<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicans,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and by the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomæans,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in defence 

<lb></lb>of their opinions. </s><s>Do you inferre from thence what your judg­

<lb></lb>ment perſwades you.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I acknowledge my ſelf unable to interpoſe in ſo im­

<lb></lb>portant a deciſion: And, as to my particular thoughts, I will 

<lb></lb>ſtand neutral; and yet nevertheleſſe I hope that a time will 

<lb></lb>come, when our minds being illumin&#039;d by more lofty contempla­

<lb></lb>tions than theſe our humane reaſonings, we ſhall be awakened 

<lb></lb>and freed from that miſt which now is ſo great an hinderance to 

<lb></lb>our ſight.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Excellent and pious is the counſel taken by <emph type="italics"></emph>Simpli­

<lb></lb>cius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and worthy to be entertained and followed by all, as that 

<lb></lb>which being derived from the higheſt wiſdome and ſupreameſt 

<lb></lb>authority, may onely, with ſecurity be received. </s><s>But yet ſo far 

<lb></lb>as humane reaſon is permitted to penetrate, confining my ſelf 

<lb></lb>within the bounds of conjectures, and probable reaſons, I will 

<lb></lb>ſay a little more reſolutely than <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> doth, that amongſt 

<lb></lb>all the ingenuous ſubtilties I ever heard, I have never met with 

<lb></lb>any thing of greater admiration to my intellect, nor that hath 

<lb></lb>more abſolutely captivated my judgment, (alwayes excepting 

<lb></lb>pure Geometrical and Arithmetical Demonſtrations) than theſe 

<lb></lb>two conjectures taken, the one from the ſtations and retrograda­

<lb></lb>tions of the five Planets, and the other from theſe irregularities of 

<lb></lb>the motions of the Solar ſpots: and becauſe they ſeem to me ſo 

<lb></lb>eaſily and clearly to aſſign the true reaſon of ſo extravagant ap­

<lb></lb>pearances, ſhewing as if they were but one ſole ſimple motion, 

<lb></lb>mixed with ſo many others, ſimple likewiſe, but different from 

<lb></lb>each other, without introducing any difficulty, rather with obvi­

<lb></lb>ating thoſe that accompany the other Hypotheſis; I am think­

<lb></lb>ing that I may rationally conclude, that thoſe who contumaci­

<lb></lb>ouſly withſtand this Doctrine, either never heard, or never un­

<lb></lb>derſtood, theſe ſo convincing arguments.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will not aſcribe unto them the title either of con­

<lb></lb>vincing, or non-convincing; in regard my intention is not, as I 

<lb></lb>have ſeveral times told you, to reſolve any thing upon ſo high a 

<lb></lb>queſtion, but onely to propoſe thoſe natural and Aſtronomicall 

<lb></lb>reaſons, which, for the one and other Syſteme, may be produced 

<lb></lb>by me, leaving the determination to others; which determinati­

<lb></lb>on cannot at laſt, but be very manifeſt: for one of the two poſi­

<lb></lb>tions being of neceſſity to be true, and the other of neceſſity to 

<lb></lb>be falſe, it is a thing impoſſible that (alwayes confining our ſelves 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/333.jpg" pagenum="323"></pb>within the limits of humane doctrine) the reaſons alledged for 

<lb></lb>the true Hypotheſis ſhould not manifeſt themſelves as concludent 

<lb></lb>as thoſe for the contrary vain and ineffectual.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It will be time therefore, that we hear the objections 

<lb></lb>of the little Book of^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Concluſions,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or Diſquiſitions which <emph type="italics"></emph>Simpli-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg589"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>cius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> did bring with him.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg589"></margin.target>* I ſhould have 

<lb></lb>told you, that the 

<lb></lb>true name of this 

<lb></lb>concealed Au­

<lb></lb>thour is <emph type="italics"></emph>Chriſto­

<lb></lb>pher Scheinerus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and its title <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſ­

<lb></lb>quiſitiones Ma­

<lb></lb>thematicæ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Here is the Book, and this is the place where the Au­

<lb></lb>thor firſt briefly deſcribeth the Syſteme of the world, according 

<lb></lb>to the Hypotheſis of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſaying, <emph type="italics"></emph>Terram igitur unà cum 

<lb></lb>Luna, totoque hoc elementari mundo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Copernicus, &amp;c.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Forbear a little, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for methinks that this 

<lb></lb>Authour, in this firſt entrance, ſhews himſelf to be but very ill 

<lb></lb>verſt in the Hypotheſis which he goeth about to confute, in re­

<lb></lb>gard, he ſaith that <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> maketh the Earth, together with 

<lb></lb>the Moon, to deſcribe the ^{*} grand Orb in a year moving from 

<lb></lb>Eaſt to Weſt; a thing that as it is falſe and impoſſible, ſo was it 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg590"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>never affirmed by <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who rather maketh it to move the 

<lb></lb>contrary way, I mean from Weſt to Eaſt, that is, according to 

<lb></lb>the order of the Signes; whereupon we come to think the ſame 

<lb></lb>to be the annual motion of the Sun, conſtituted immoveable in 

<lb></lb>the centre of the Zodiack. </s><s>See the too adventurous confidence 

<lb></lb>of this man; to undertake the confutation of anothers Doctrine, 

<lb></lb>and yet to be ignorant of the primary fundamentals; upon which 

<lb></lb>his adverſary layeth the greateſt and moſt important part of all 

<lb></lb>the Fabrick. </s><s>This is a bad beginning to gain himſelf credit 

<lb></lb>with his Reader; but let us go on.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg590"></margin.target>* I.e. the Ecliptick</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Having explained the Univerſal Syſteme, he beginneth 

<lb></lb>to propound his objections againſt this annual motion: and 

<lb></lb>the firſt are theſe, which he citeth Ironically, and in deriſion of 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg591"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and of his followers, writing that in this phantaſtical 

<lb></lb>Hypotheſis of the World one muſt neceſſarily maintain very 

<lb></lb>groſſe abſurdities; namely, that the Sun, <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>are below the Earth; and that grave matters go naturally up­

<lb></lb>wards, and the light downwards; and that <emph type="italics"></emph>Chriſt,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> our Lord and 

<lb></lb>Redeemer, aſcended into Hell, and deſcended into Heaven, when 

<lb></lb>he approached towards the Sun, and that when <emph type="italics"></emph>Joſhuah<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> com­

<lb></lb>manded the Sun to ſtand ſtill, the Earth ſtood ſtill, or the Sun 

<lb></lb>moved a contrary way to that of the Earth; and that when the 

<lb></lb>Sun is in <emph type="italics"></emph>Cancer,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the Earth runneth through <emph type="italics"></emph>Capricorn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and that 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Hyemal<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (or Winter) Signes make the Summer, and the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Æſtival<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Winter; and that the Stars do not riſe and ſet to 

<lb></lb>the Earth, but the Earth to the Stars; and that the Eaſt begin­

<lb></lb>neth in the Weſt, and the Weſt in the Eaſt; and, in a word, 

<lb></lb>that almoſt the whole courſe of the World is inverted.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg591"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Inſtances of a 

<lb></lb>certain Book Iro­

<lb></lb>nically propounded 

<lb></lb>againſt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Coperni­

<lb></lb>cus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Every thing pleaſeth me, except it be his having inter­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/334.jpg" pagenum="324"></pb>mixed places out of the ſacred Scriptures (alwayes venerable, and 

<lb></lb>to be rever&#039;d) amongſt theſe, but two ſcurrilous fooleries, and 

<lb></lb>attempting to wound with holy Weapons, thoſe who Philoſo­

<lb></lb>phating in jeſt, and for divertiſement, neither affirm nor deny, 

<lb></lb>but, ſome preſuppoſals and poſitions being aſſumed, do famili­

<lb></lb>arly argue.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Truth is, he hath diſpleaſed me alſo, and that not a 

<lb></lb>little; and eſpecially, by adding preſently after that, howbeit, 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernichists<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> anſwer, though but very impertinently to theſe 

<lb></lb>and ſuch like other reaſons, yet can they not reconcile nor anſwer 

<lb></lb>thoſe things that follow.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is worſe than all the reſt; for he pretendeth to 

<lb></lb>have things more efficacious and concludent than the Authorities 

<lb></lb>of the ſacred Leaves; But I pray you, let us reverence them, 

<lb></lb>and paſſe on to natural and humane reaſons: and yet if he give 

<lb></lb>us amongſt his natural arguments, things of no more ſolidity, 

<lb></lb>than thoſe hitherto alleadged, we may wholly decline this under­

<lb></lb>taking, for I as to my own parricular, do not think it fit to ſpend 

<lb></lb>words in anſwering ſuch trifling impertinencies. </s><s>And as to what 

<lb></lb>he ſaith, that the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicans<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> anſwer to theſe objections, it is 

<lb></lb>moſt falſe, nor may it be thought, that any man ſhould ſet him 

<lb></lb>ſelf to waſt his time ſo unprofitably.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg592"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg592"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Suppoſing the 

<lb></lb>annual motion to 

<lb></lb>belong to the Earth, 

<lb></lb>it followeth, that 

<lb></lb>one fixed Star, is 

<lb></lb>bigger than the 

<lb></lb>whole grand Orb.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I concur with you in the ſame judgment; therefore 

<lb></lb>let us hear the other inſtances that he brings, as much ſtronger. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And obſerve here, how he with very exact computations conclud­

<lb></lb>eth, that if the grand Orb of the Earth, or the ecliptick, in which 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> maketh it to run in a year round the Sun, ſhould be 

<lb></lb>as it were, inſenſible, in reſpect of the immenſitie of the Starry 

<lb></lb>Sphære, according as the ſaid <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſaith it is to be ſup­

<lb></lb>poſed, it would be neceſſary to grant and confirm, that the fixed 

<lb></lb>Stars were remote from us, an unconceivable diſtance, and that 

<lb></lb>the leſſer of them, were bigger than the whole grand Orb afore­

<lb></lb>ſaid, and ſome other much bigger than the whole Sphære of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sa­

<lb></lb>turn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; Maſſes certainly too exceſſively vaſt, unimaginable, and 

<lb></lb>incredible.</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg593"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg593"></margin.target>Tycho <emph type="italics"></emph>his Ar­

<lb></lb>gument grounded 

<lb></lb>upon a falſe Hypo­

<lb></lb>theſis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have heretofore ſeen ſuch another objection brought 

<lb></lb>by <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> againſt <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and this is not the firſt time that I 

<lb></lb>have diſcovered the fallacy, or, to ſay better, the fallacies of this 

<lb></lb>Argumemtation, founded upon a moſt falſe Hypotheſis, and upon </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg594"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>a Piopoſition of the ſaid <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> underſtood by his adverſa­

<lb></lb>ries, with too punctual a nicity, according to the practiſe of thoſe 

<lb></lb>pleaders, who finding the flaw to be in the very merit of their 

<lb></lb>cauſe, keep to ſome one word, fallen unawares from the contra­

<lb></lb>ry partie, and fly out into loud and tedious deſcants upon that. 

<lb></lb></s><s>But for your better information; <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> having declared 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/335.jpg" pagenum="325"></pb>thoſe admirable conſequences which are derived from the Earths 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg595"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>annual motion, to the other Planets, that is to ſay, of the ^{*} directi­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg596"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ons and retrogradations of the three uppermoſt in particular; he 

<lb></lb>ſubjoyneth, that this apparent mutation (which is diſcerned more 

<lb></lb>in <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> than in <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by reaſon <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is more remote, and 

<lb></lb>yet leſſe in <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by reaſon it is more remote than <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>) in 

<lb></lb>the fixed Stars, did remain imperceptible, by reaſon of their 

<lb></lb>immenſe remoteneſſe from us, in compariſon of the diſtances of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Here the Adverſaries of this opinion riſe up, 

<lb></lb>and ſuppoſing that fore-named imperceptibility of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as 

<lb></lb>if it had been taken by him, for a real and abſolute thing of no­

<lb></lb>thing, and adding, that a fixed Star of one of the leſſer magni­

<lb></lb>tudes, is notwithſtanding perceptible, ſeeing that it cometh un­

<lb></lb>der the ſence of ſeeing, they go on to calculate with the inter­

<lb></lb>vention of other falſe aſſumptions, and concluding that it is neceſ­

<lb></lb>ſary by the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Doctrine, to admit, that a fixed Star is much 

<lb></lb>bigger than the whole grand Orb. </s><s>Now to diſcover the vanity 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg597"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of this their whole proceeding, I ſhall ſhew that a fixed Star of the 

<lb></lb>ſixth magnitude, being ſuppoſed to be no bigger than the Sun, 

<lb></lb>one may thence conclude with true demonſtrations, that the di­

<lb></lb>ſtance of the ſaid fixed Stars from us, cometh to be ſo great, that 

<lb></lb>the annual motion of the Earth, which cauſeth ſo great and 

<lb></lb>notable variations in the Planets, appears ſcarce obſervable in 

<lb></lb>them; and at the ſame time, I will diſtinctly ſhew the groſs 

<lb></lb>fallacies, in the aſſumptions of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> his Adverſaries.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg594"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Litigious Lawyers 

<lb></lb>that are entertain­

<lb></lb>ed in an ill cauſe, 

<lb></lb>keep cloſe to ſome 

<lb></lb>expreſſion fallen 

<lb></lb>from the adverſe 

<lb></lb>party at unawares.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg595"></margin.target>* Or progreſſions.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg596"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The apparent 

<lb></lb>diverſity of motion 

<lb></lb>in the Planets, is 

<lb></lb>inſenſible in the 

<lb></lb>fixed Start.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg597"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Suppoſing that a 

<lb></lb>fixed Star of the 

<lb></lb>ſixth magnitude is 

<lb></lb>no bigger than the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Sun, <emph type="italics"></emph>the diverſitie 

<lb></lb>which is ſo great 

<lb></lb>in the Planets, in 

<lb></lb>the fixed Stars is 

<lb></lb>almost inſenſible.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>And firſt of all, I ſuppoſe with the ſaid <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and alſo 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg598"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>with his oppoſers, that the Semidiameter of the grand Orb, which 

<lb></lb>is the diſtance of the Earth from the Sun, containeth 1208 Semi­

<lb></lb>diameters of the ſaid Earth. </s><s>Secondly, I premiſe with the allow­

<lb></lb>ance aforeſaid, and of truth, that the ^{*} apparent diameter of the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg599"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Sun in its mean diſtance, to be about half a degree, that is, 30. 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>min. </s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which are 1800. ſeconds, that is, 108000. thirds. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And becauſe the apparent Diameter of a fixed Star of the firſt 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg600"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>magnitude, is no more than 5. ſeconds, that is, 300. thirds, and 

<lb></lb>the Diameter of a fixed Star of the ſixth magnitude, 50. thirds, 

<lb></lb>(and herein is the greateſt errour of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Anti-Copernicans<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>) There­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg601"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>fore the Diameter of the Sun, containeth the Diameter of a 

<lb></lb>fixed Star of the ſixth magnitude 2160 times. </s><s>And therefore 

<lb></lb>if a fixed Star of the ſixth magnitude, were ſuppoſed to be really 

<lb></lb>equal to the Sun, and not bigger, which is the ſame as to ſay, if 

<lb></lb>the Sun were ſo far removed, that its Diameter ſhould ſeem to 

<lb></lb>be one of the 2160. parts of what it now appeareth, its diſtance 

<lb></lb>ought of neceſſity to be 2160. times greater than now in effect it 

<lb></lb>is, which is as much as to ſay, that the diſtance of the fixed Stars 

<lb></lb>of the ſixth magnitude, is 2160. Semidiameters of the grand 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/336.jpg" pagenum="326"></pb>Orb. </s><s>And becauſe the diſtance of the Sun from the Earth, con­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg602"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>tains by common conſent 1208. Semidiameters of the ſaid Earth, 

<lb></lb>and the diſtance of the fixed Stars (as hath been ſaid) 2160. 

<lb></lb>Semediameters of the grand Orb, therefore the Semediameter of 

<lb></lb>the Earth is much greater (that is almoſt double) in compariſon 

<lb></lb>of the grand Orb, than the Semediameter of the grand Orb, in 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg603"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>relation to the diſtance of the Starry Sphære; and therefore the 

<lb></lb>variation of aſpect in the fixed Stars, cauſed by the Diameter of 

<lb></lb>the grand Orb, can be but little more obſervable, than that which 

<lb></lb>is obſerved in the Sun, occaſioned by the Semediameter of the 

<lb></lb>Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg598"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The diſtance of 

<lb></lb>the Sun, containeth<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>1208 <emph type="italics"></emph>Semid. </s><s>of the 

<lb></lb>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg599"></margin.target>* The Diameter 

<lb></lb>of the Sun, half a 

<lb></lb>degree.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg600"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Diameter 

<lb></lb>of a fixed Star, of 

<lb></lb>the firſt magni­

<lb></lb>tude, and of one of 

<lb></lb>the ſixth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg601"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The apparent 

<lb></lb>Diameter of the 

<lb></lb>Sun, how much it 

<lb></lb>is bigger than that 

<lb></lb>of a fixed ſtar.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg602"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The diſtance of 

<lb></lb>a fixed ſtar of the 

<lb></lb>ſixth magnitude, 

<lb></lb>how much it is, the 

<lb></lb>ſtar being ſuppoſed 

<lb></lb>to be equal to the 

<lb></lb>Sun.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg603"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>In the fixed ſtars 

<lb></lb>the diverſitie of a­

<lb></lb>ſpect, cauſed by 

<lb></lb>the grand Orb, is 

<lb></lb>little more then 

<lb></lb>that cauſed by the 

<lb></lb>Earth in the Snn.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This is a great fall for the firſt ſtep.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is doubtleſſe an errour; for a fixed Star of the ſixth 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg604"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>magnitude, which by the computation of this Authour, ought, 

<lb></lb>for the upholding the propoſition of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to be as big as 

<lb></lb>the whole grand Orb, onely by ſuppoſing it equal to the Sun, 

<lb></lb>which Sun is leſſe by far, than the hundred and ſix milionth part 

<lb></lb>of the ſaid grand Orb, maketh the ſtarry Sphære ſo great and high 

<lb></lb>as ſufficeth to overthrow the inſtance brought againſt the ſaid <emph type="italics"></emph>Co­

<lb></lb>pernicus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg604"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A ſtar of the 

<lb></lb>ſixth magnitude, 

<lb></lb>ſuppoſed by<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Tycho 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>and the Authour 

<lb></lb>of the Book of Con­

<lb></lb>cluſions, an hun­

<lb></lb>dred and ſix mili­

<lb></lb>ons of times bigger 

<lb></lb>than needs.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Favour me with this computation.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The ſupputation is eaſie and ſhort. </s><s>The Diameter of 

<lb></lb>the Sun, is eleven ſemediameters of the Earth, and the Diameter 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg605"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of the grand Orb, contains 2416. of thoſe ſame ſemediameters, 

<lb></lb>by the aſcent of both parties; ſo that the Diameter of the ſaid 

<lb></lb>Orb, contains the Suns Diameter 220. times very near. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>becauſe the Spheres are to one another, as the Cubes of their Di­

<lb></lb>ameters, let us make the Cube of 220. which is 106480000. and 

<lb></lb>we ſhall have the grand Orb, an hundred and ſix millions, four 

<lb></lb>hundred and eighty thouſand times bigger than the Sun, to which 

<lb></lb>grand Orb, a ſtar of the fixth magnitude, ought to be equal, ac­

<lb></lb>cording to the aſſertion of this Authour.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg605"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The computati­

<lb></lb>on of the magni­

<lb></lb>tude of the fixed 

<lb></lb>Stars, in reſpect to 

<lb></lb>the grand Orb.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The errour then of theſe men, conſiſteth in being ex­

<lb></lb>treamly miſtaken, in taking the apparent Diameter of the fixed 

<lb></lb>Stars.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This is one, but not the onely errour of them; and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg606"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>indeed, I do very much admire how ſo many <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomers,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>thoſe very famous, as are <emph type="italics"></emph>Alfagranus, Albategnus, Tebizius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>much more modernly the <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho&#039;s<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Clavius&#039;s,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and in ſumm, 

<lb></lb>all the predeceſſors of our <emph type="italics"></emph>Academian,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhould have been ſo groſly 

<lb></lb>miſtaken, in determining the magnitudes of all the Stars, as well 

<lb></lb>ſixed as moveable, the two Luminaries excepted out of that num­

<lb></lb>ber; and that they have not taken any heed to the adventitious 

<lb></lb>irradiations that deceitfully repreſent them an hundred and more 

<lb></lb>times bigger, than when they are beheld, without thoſe capilli­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/337.jpg" pagenum="327"></pb>ous rayes, nor can this their inadvertency be excuſed, in regard 

<lb></lb>that it was in their power to have beheld them at their pleaſure 

<lb></lb>without thoſe treſſes, which is done, by looking upon them at 

<lb></lb>their firſt appearance in the evening, or their laſt occultation in 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg607"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the comming on of day; and if none of the reſt, yet <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>which oft times is ſeen at noon day, ſo ſmall, that one muſt ſhar­

<lb></lb>pen the ſight in diſcerning it; and again, in the following night, 

<lb></lb>ſeemeth a great flake of light, might advertiſe them of their fal­

<lb></lb>lacy; for I will not believe that they thought the true <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to 

<lb></lb>be that which is ſeen in the obſcureſt darkneſſes, and not that 

<lb></lb>which is diſcerned in the luminous <emph type="italics"></emph>Medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: for our lights, which 

<lb></lb>ſeen by night afar off appear great, and neer at hand ſhew their 

<lb></lb>true luſtre to be terminate and ſmall, might have eaſily have 

<lb></lb>made them cautious; nay, if I may freely ſpeak my thoughts, I 

<lb></lb>abſolutely believe that none of them, no not <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf, ſo 

<lb></lb>accurate in handling Aſtronomical Inſtruments, and that ſo great 

<lb></lb>and accurate, without ſparing very great coſt in their conſtru­

<lb></lb>ction, did ever go about to take and meaſure the apparent dia­

<lb></lb>meter of any Star, the Sun and Moon excepted; but I think, 

<lb></lb>that arbitrarily, and as we ſay, with the eye, ſome one of the 

<lb></lb>more antient of them pronounced the thing to be ſo and ſo, and 

<lb></lb>that all that followed him afterwards, without more ado, kept 

<lb></lb>cloſe to what the firſt had ſaid; for if any one of them had ap­

<lb></lb>plied himſelf to have made ſome new proof of the ſame, he would 

<lb></lb>doubtleſſe have diſcovered the fraud.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg606"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A common er­

<lb></lb>rour of all the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> A­

<lb></lb>ſtronomers, <emph type="italics"></emph>touch­

<lb></lb>ing the magnitude 

<lb></lb>of the ſtars.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg607"></margin.target>Venus <emph type="italics"></emph>renders the 

<lb></lb>errour of Aſtrono­

<lb></lb>mers in determin­

<lb></lb>ing the magnitudes 

<lb></lb>of ſtars inexcuſa­

<lb></lb>ble.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But if they wanted the Teleſcope, and you have al­

<lb></lb>ready ſaid, that our <emph type="italics"></emph>Friend<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with that ſame Inſtrument came to 

<lb></lb>the knowledge of the truth, they ought to be excuſed, and not 

<lb></lb>accuſed of ignorance.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This would hold good, if without the Teleſcope the 

<lb></lb>buſineſſe could not be effected. </s><s>Its true, that this Inſtrument by 

<lb></lb>ſhewing the <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the Star naked, and magnified an hun­

<lb></lb>dred or a thouſand times, rendereth the operation much more ea­

<lb></lb>ſie, but the ſame thing may be done, although not altogether ſo 

<lb></lb>exactly, without the Inſtrument, and I have many times done 

<lb></lb>the ſame, and my method therein was this. </s><s>I have cauſed a rope 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg608"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>to be hanged towards ſome Star, and I have made uſe of the 

<lb></lb>Conſtellation, called the <emph type="italics"></emph>Harp,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which riſeth between the North 

<lb></lb>and ^{*} North-eaſt, and then by going towards, and from 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg609"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the ſaid rope, interpoſed between me and the Star, I have found 

<lb></lb>the place from whence the thickneſſe of the rope hath juſt hid 

<lb></lb>the Star from me: this done, I have taken the diſtance from the 

<lb></lb>eye to the rope, which was one of the ſides including the angle 

<lb></lb>that was compoſed in the eye, and ^{*} which inſiſteth upon the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg610"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>thickneſſe of the rope, and which is like, yea the ſame with the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/338.jpg" pagenum="328"></pb>angle in the Starry Sphere, that inſiſteth upon the diameter of 

<lb></lb>the Star, and by the proportion of the ropes thickneſſe to the 

<lb></lb>diſtance from the eye to the rope, by the table of Arches and 

<lb></lb>Chords, I have immediately found the quantity of the angle; u­

<lb></lb>ſing all the while the wonted caution that is obſerved in taking 

<lb></lb>angles ſo acute, not to forme the concourſe of the viſive rayes 

<lb></lb>in the centre of the eye, where they are onely refracted, but 

<lb></lb>beyond the eye, where really the pupils greatneſſe maketh them 

<lb></lb>to concur.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg608"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A way to mea­

<lb></lb>ſure the apparent 

<lb></lb>diameter of a ſtar.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg609"></margin.target>* Rendred in 

<lb></lb>Latine <emph type="italics"></emph>Corum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that 

<lb></lb>is to ſay, North­

<lb></lb>weſt.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg610"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"></emph>i.e.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Is ſubten­

<lb></lb>ded by.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I apprehend this your cautelous procedure, albeit I 

<lb></lb>have a kind of hæſitancy touching the ſame, but that which moſt 

<lb></lb>puzzleth me is, that in this operation, if it be made in the dark 

<lb></lb>of night, methinks that you meaſure the diameter of the irradia­

<lb></lb>ted <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and not the true and naked face of the Star.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Not ſo, Sir, for the rope in covering the naked body 

<lb></lb>of the Star, taketh away the rayes, which belong not to it, but 

<lb></lb>to our eye, of which it is deprived ſo ſoon as the true <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>thereof is hid; and in making the obſervation, you ſhall ſee, how 

<lb></lb>unexpectedly a little cord will cover that reaſonable big body of 

<lb></lb>light, which ſeemed impoſſible to be hid, unleſſe it were with a 

<lb></lb>much broader Screene: to meaſure, in the next place, and exa­

<lb></lb>ctly to find out, how many of thoſe thickneſſes of the rope inter­

<lb></lb>poſe in the diſtance between the ſaid rope and the eye, I take not 

<lb></lb>onely one diameter of the rope, but laying many pieces of the 

<lb></lb>ſame together upon a Table, ſo that they touch, I take with a 

<lb></lb>pair of Compaſſes the whole ſpace occupied by fifteen, or twen­

<lb></lb>ty of them, and with that meaſure I commenſurate the diſtance 

<lb></lb>before with another ſmaller cord taken from the rope to the con­

<lb></lb>courſe of the viſive rayes. </s><s>And with this ſufficiently-exact ope­

<lb></lb>ration I finde the apparent diameter of a fixed Star of the firſt 

<lb></lb>magnitude, commonly eſteemed to be 2 <emph type="italics"></emph>min. </s><s>pri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and alſo 3 <emph type="italics"></emph>min. 

<lb></lb></s><s>prim.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in his <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomical Letters, cap.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 167. to be no 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg611"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>more than 5 <emph type="italics"></emph>ſeconds,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which is one of the 24. or 36. parts of what 

<lb></lb>they have held it: ſee now upon what groſſe errours their Do­

<lb></lb>ctrines are founded.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg611"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The diameter of 

<lb></lb>a fixed ſtar of the 

<lb></lb>firſt magnitude not 

<lb></lb>more than five ſec. 

<lb></lb></s><s>min.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I ſee and comprehend this very well, but before we 

<lb></lb>paſſe any further, I would propound the doubt that ariſeth in 

<lb></lb>me in the finding the concourſe [or interſection] of the viſual 

<lb></lb>rayes beyond the eye, when obſervation is made of objects com­

<lb></lb>prehended between very acute angles; and my ſcruple proceeds 

<lb></lb>from thinking, that the ſaid concourſe may be ſometimes more 

<lb></lb>remote, and ſometimes leſſe; and this not ſo much, by meanes 

<lb></lb>of the greater or leſſer magnitude of the object that is beheld, as 

<lb></lb>becauſe that in obſerving objects of the ſame bigneſſe, it ſeems 

<lb></lb>to me that the concourſe of the rayes, for certain other re­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/339.jpg" pagenum="329"></pb>ſpects ought to be made more and leſſe remote from the eye.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I ſee already, whither the apprehenſion of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>a moſt diligent obſerver of Natures ſecrets, tendeth; and I 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg612"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>would lay any wager, that amongſt the thouſands that have ob­

<lb></lb>ſerved Cats to contract and inlarge the pupils of their eyes very 

<lb></lb>much, there are not two, nor haply one that hath obſerved the 

<lb></lb>like effect to be wrought by the pupils of men in ſeeing, whilſt 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>medium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is much or little illumin&#039;d, and that in the open light 

<lb></lb>the circlet of the pupil diminiſheth conſiderably: ſo that in loo­

<lb></lb>king upon the face or <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the Sun, it is reduced to a ſmall­

<lb></lb>neſſe leſſer than a grain of ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Panick,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and in beholding objects 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg613"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that do not ſhine, and are in a leſſe luminous <emph type="italics"></emph>medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it is inlar­

<lb></lb>god to the bigneſſe of a Lintel or more; and in ſumme this 

<lb></lb>expanſion and contraction differeth in more than decuple pro­

<lb></lb>portion: From whence it is manifeſt, that when the pupil is 

<lb></lb>much dilated, it is neceſſary that the angle of the rayes con­

<lb></lb>courſe be more remote from the eye; which happeneth in be­

<lb></lb>holding objects little luminated. </s><s>This is a Doctrine which <emph type="italics"></emph>Sa­

<lb></lb>gredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath, juſt now, given me the hint of, whereby, if we 

<lb></lb>were to make a very exact obſervation, and of great conſe­

<lb></lb>quence, we are advertized to make the obſervation of that con­

<lb></lb>courſe in the act of the ſame, or juſt ſuch another operation; but 

<lb></lb>in this our caſe, wherein we are to ſhew the errour of <emph type="italics"></emph>Astrono­

<lb></lb>mers,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> this accurateneſſe is not neceſſary: for though we ſhould, 

<lb></lb>in favour of the contrary party, ſuppoſe the ſaid concourſe to be 

<lb></lb>made upon the pupil it ſelf, it would import little, their miſtake 

<lb></lb>being ſo great. </s><s>I am not certain, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that this would have 

<lb></lb>been your objection.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg612"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The circle of the 

<lb></lb>pupil of the eye en­

<lb></lb>largeth and con­

<lb></lb>tracteth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg613"></margin.target>+ <emph type="italics"></emph>Panicum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a 

<lb></lb>ſmall grain like to 

<lb></lb>Mill, I take it to be 

<lb></lb>the ſame with that 

<lb></lb>called Bird Seed.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It is the very ſame, and I am glad that it was not al­

<lb></lb>together without reaſon, as your concurrence in the ſame aſſu­

<lb></lb>reth me; but yet upon this occaſion I would willingly hear what 

<lb></lb>way may be taken to finde out the diſtance of the concourſe of 

<lb></lb>the viſual rayes.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The method is very eaſie, and this it is, I take two 

<lb></lb>long^{*} labels of paper, one black, and the other white, and make 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg614"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the black half as broad as the white; then I ſtick up the white a­

<lb></lb>gainſt a wall, and far from that I place the other upon a ſtick, or 

<lb></lb>other ſupport, at a diſtance of fifteen or twenty yards, and rece­

<lb></lb>ding from this, ſecond another ſuch a ſpace in the ſame right line, 

<lb></lb>it is very manifeſt, that at the ſaid diſtance the right lines will 

<lb></lb>concur, that departing from the termes of the breadth of the 

<lb></lb>white piece, ſhall paſſe cloſe by the edges of the other label pla­

<lb></lb>ced in the mid-way; whence it followeth, that in caſe the eye 

<lb></lb>were placed in the point of the ſaid concourſe or interſection, 

<lb></lb>the black ſlip of paper in the midſt would preciſely hide the op­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/340.jpg" pagenum="330"></pb>poſite blank, if the ſight were made in one onely point; but if we 

<lb></lb>ſhould find, that the edges of the white cartel appear diſcovered, 

<lb></lb>it ſhall be a neceſſary argument that the viſual rayes do not iſſue 

<lb></lb>from one ſole point. </s><s>And to make the white label to be hid by 

<lb></lb>the black, it will be requiſite to draw neerer with the eye: 

<lb></lb>Therefore, having approached ſo neer, that the intermediate la­

<lb></lb>bel covereth the other, and noted how much the required ap­

<lb></lb>proximation was, the quantity of that approach ſhall be the cer­

<lb></lb>tain meaſure, how much the true concourſe of the viſive rayes, is 

<lb></lb>remote from the eye in the ſaid operation, and we ſhall moreover 

<lb></lb>have the diameter of the pupil, or of that circlet from whence 

<lb></lb>the viſive rayes proceed: for it ſhall be to the breadth of the 

<lb></lb>black paper, as is the diſtance from the concourſe of the lines, 

<lb></lb>that are produced by the edges of the papers to the place where 

<lb></lb>the eye ſtandeth, when it firſt ſeeth the remote paper to be hid 

<lb></lb>by the intermediate one, as that diſtance is, I ſay, to the diſtance 

<lb></lb>that is between thoſe two papers. </s><s>And therefore when we 

<lb></lb>would, with exactneſſe, meaſure the apparent diameter of a Star, 

<lb></lb>having made the obſervation in manner, as aforeſaid, it would be 

<lb></lb>neceſſary to compare the diameter of the rope to the diameter of 

<lb></lb>the pupil; and having found <emph type="italics"></emph>v.g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the diameter of the rope to be 

<lb></lb>quadruple to that of the pupil, and the diſtance of the eye from 

<lb></lb>the rope to be, for example, thirty yards, we would ſay, that the 

<lb></lb>true concourſe of the lines produced from the ends or extremi­

<lb></lb>ties of the diameter of the ſtar, by the extremities of the dia­

<lb></lb>meter of the rope, doth fall out to be fourty yards remote from 

<lb></lb>the ſaid rope, for ſo we ſhall have obſerved, as we ought, the pro­

<lb></lb>portion between the diſtance of the rope from the concourſe of 

<lb></lb>the ſaid lines, and the diſtance from the ſaid concourſe to the 

<lb></lb>place of the eye, which ought to be the ſame that is between 

<lb></lb>the diameter of the rope, and diameter of the pupil.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg614"></margin.target>* Striſce. 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>How to find the 

<lb></lb>diſtance of the rays 

<lb></lb>concourſe from the 

<lb></lb>pupil.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I have perfectly underſtood the whole buſineſſe, and 

<lb></lb>therefore let us hear what <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hath to alledge in defence of 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Anti-Copernicans.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Albeit that grand and altogether incredible inconve­

<lb></lb>nience inſiſted upon by theſe adverſaries of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> be much 

<lb></lb>moderated and abated by the diſcourſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> yet do I 

<lb></lb>not think it weakened ſo, as that it hath not ſtrength enough left 

<lb></lb>to foil this ſame opinion. </s><s>For, if I have rightly apprehended the 

<lb></lb>chief and ultimate concluſion, in caſe, the ſtars of the ſixth mag­

<lb></lb>nitude were ſuppoſed to be as big as the Sun, (which yet I can 

<lb></lb>hardly think) yet it would ſtill be true, that the grand Orb [or 

<lb></lb>Ecliptick] would occaſion a mutation and variation in the ſtarry 

<lb></lb>Sphere, like to that which the ſemidiameter of the Earth produ­

<lb></lb>ceth in the Sun, which yet is obſervable; ſo that neither that, no 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/341.jpg" pagenum="331"></pb>nor a leſſe mutation being diſcerned in the fixed Stars, methinks 

<lb></lb>that by this means the annual motion of the Earth is deſtroyed 

<lb></lb>and overthrown.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You might very well ſo conclude, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if we 

<lb></lb>had nothing elſe to ſay in behalf of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: but we have 

<lb></lb>many things to alledge that yet have not been mentioned; and 

<lb></lb>as to that your reply, nothing hindereth, but that we may ſup­

<lb></lb>poſe the diſtance of the fixed Stars to be yet much greater than 

<lb></lb>that which hath been allowed them, and you your ſelf, and who­

<lb></lb>ever elſe will not derogate from the propoſitions admitted by 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Piolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>&#039;s ſectators, muſt needs grant it as a thing moſt requiſite 

<lb></lb>to ſuppoſe the Starry Sphere to be very much bigger yet than 

<lb></lb>that which even now we ſaid that it ought to be eſteemed. </s><s>For 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg615"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>all Aſtronomers agreeing in this, that the cauſe of the greater 

<lb></lb>tardity of the Revolutions of the Planets is, the majority of 

<lb></lb>their Spheres, and that therefore <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is more flow than <emph type="italics"></emph>Ju­

<lb></lb>piter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> than the Sun, for that the firſt is to deſcribe a 

<lb></lb>greater circle than the ſecond, and that than this later, &amp;c. </s><s>con­

<lb></lb>ſidering that <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn v.g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the altitude of whoſe Orb is nine times 

<lb></lb>higher than that of the Sun, and that for that cauſe the time of 

<lb></lb>one Revolution of <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is thirty times longer than that of a 

<lb></lb>converſion of the Sun, in regard that according to the Doctrine 

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> one converſion of the ſtarry Sphere is finiſhed in 

<lb></lb>36000. years, whereas that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is conſummate in thirty, 

<lb></lb>and that of the Sun in one, arguing with a like proportion, and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg616"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſaying, if the Orb of <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by reaſon it is nine times bigger 

<lb></lb>than that of the Sun, revolves in a time thirty times longer, by 

<lb></lb>converſion, how great ought that Orb to be, which revolves 

<lb></lb>36000. times more ſlowly? </s><s>it ſhall be found that the diſtance of 

<lb></lb>the ſtarry Sphere ought to be 10800 ſemidiameters of the grand 

<lb></lb>Orb, which ſhould be full five times bigger than that, which even 

<lb></lb>now we computed it to be, in caſe that a fixed Star of the ſixth 

<lb></lb>magnitude were equal to the Sun. </s><s>Now ſee how much leſſer yet, 

<lb></lb>upon this account, the variation occaſioned in the ſaid Stars, by 

<lb></lb>the annual motion of the Earth, ought to appear. </s><s>And if at the 

<lb></lb>ſame rate we would argue the diſtance of the ſtarry Sphere from 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg617"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and from <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that would give it us to be 15000. and 

<lb></lb>this 27000 ſemidiameters of the grand Orb, to wit, the firſt 

<lb></lb>ſeven, and the ſecond twelve times bigger than what the mag­

<lb></lb>nitude of the fixed Star, ſuppoſed equal to the Sun, did make 

<lb></lb>it.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg615"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>All Astrono­

<lb></lb>mers agree that 

<lb></lb>the greater magni­

<lb></lb>tudes of the Orbes 

<lb></lb>is the cauſe of the 

<lb></lb>tardity of the con­

<lb></lb>verſions.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg616"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>By another ſup­

<lb></lb>poſition taken from 

<lb></lb>Aſtronomers, the 

<lb></lb>diſtance of the fix­

<lb></lb>ed Stars is calcu­

<lb></lb>lated to be 10800 

<lb></lb>ſemidiameters of 

<lb></lb>the grand Orb.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg617"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>By the proportion 

<lb></lb>of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Jupiter <emph type="italics"></emph>and of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Mais, <emph type="italics"></emph>the ſtarry 

<lb></lb>Sphere is found to 

<lb></lb>be yet more remote.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Methinks that to this might be anſwered, that the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the ſtarry Sphere hath, ſince <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> been obſerved not 

<lb></lb>to be ſo ſlow as he accounted it; yea, if I miſtake. </s><s>not, I have 

<lb></lb>heard that <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf made the Obſervation.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/342.jpg" pagenum="332"></pb><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You ſay very well; but you alledge nothing in that 

<lb></lb>which may favour the cauſe of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomœans<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in the leaſt, who 

<lb></lb>did never yet reject the motion of 36000. years in the ſtarry 

<lb></lb>Sphere, for that the ſaid tardity would make it too vaſt and im­

<lb></lb>menſe. </s><s>For if that the ſaid immenſity was not to be ſuppoſed in 

<lb></lb>Nature, they ought before now to to have denied a converſion 

<lb></lb>ſo ſlow as that it could not with good proportion adapt it ſelf, 

<lb></lb>ſave onely to a Sphere of monſtrous magnitude.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Pray you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> let us loſe no more time in pro­

<lb></lb>ceeding, by the way of theſe proportions with people that are apt 

<lb></lb>to admit things moſt diſ-proportionate; ſo that its impoſſible 

<lb></lb>to win any thing upon them this way: and what more diſpropor­

<lb></lb>tionate proportion can be imagined than that which theſe men 

<lb></lb>ſwallow down, and admit, in that writing, that there cannot be a 

<lb></lb>more convenient way to diſpoſe the Cœleſtial Spheres, in order, 

<lb></lb>than to regulate them by the differences of the times of their pe­

<lb></lb>riods, placing from one degree to another the more flow above 

<lb></lb>the more ſwift, when they have conſtituted the Starry Sphere 

<lb></lb>higher than the reſt, as being the ſloweſt, they frame another 

<lb></lb>higher ſtill than that, and conſequently greater, and make it re­

<lb></lb>volve in twenty four hours, whilſt the next below, it moves not 

<lb></lb>round under 36000. years?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I could wiſh, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that ſuſpending for a time 

<lb></lb>the affection rhat you bear to the followers of your opinion, you 

<lb></lb>would ſincerely tell me, whether you think that they do in their 

<lb></lb>minds comprehend that magnitude, which they reject afterwards 

<lb></lb>as uncapable for its immenſity to be aſcribed to the Univerſe. 

<lb></lb></s><s>For I, as to my own part, think that they do not; But believe, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg618"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that like as in the apprehenſion of numbers, when once a man 

<lb></lb>begins to paſſe thoſe millions of millions, the imagination is con­

<lb></lb>founded, and can no longer form a conceipt of the ſame, ſo it 

<lb></lb>happens alſo in comprehending immenſe magnitudes and diſtan­

<lb></lb>ces; ſo that there intervenes to the comprehenſion an effect like 

<lb></lb>to that which befalleth the ſenſe; For whileſt that in a ſerene 

<lb></lb>night I look towards the Stars, I judge, according to ſenſe, that 

<lb></lb>their diſtance is but a few miles, and that the fixed Stars are not a 

<lb></lb>jot more remote than <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> nay than the Moon. 

<lb></lb></s><s>But without more ado, conſider the controverſies that have paſt 

<lb></lb>between the Aſtronomers and Peripatetick Philoſophers, upon 

<lb></lb>occaſion of the new Stars of <emph type="italics"></emph>Caſſiopeia<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagittary,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the A­

<lb></lb>ſtronomers placing them amongſt the fixed Stars, and the Philo­

<lb></lb>ſophers believing them to be below the Moon. </s><s>So unable is our 

<lb></lb>ſenſe to diſtinguiſh great diſtances from the greateſt, though theſe 

<lb></lb>be in reality many thouſand times greater than thoſe. </s><s>In a word, 

<lb></lb>I ask of thee, O fooliſh man! Doth thy imagination comprehend 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/343.jpg" pagenum="333"></pb>that vaſt magnitude of the Univerſe, which thou afterwards judg­

<lb></lb>eſt to be too immenſe? </s><s>If thou comprehendeſt it; wilt thou 

<lb></lb>hold that thy apprehenſion extendeth it ſelf farther than the Di­

<lb></lb>vine Power? </s><s>wilt thou ſay, that thou canſt imagine greater 

<lb></lb>things than thoſe which God can bring to paſſe? </s><s>But if thou 

<lb></lb>apprehendeſt it not, why wilt thou paſſe thy verdict upon things 

<lb></lb>beyond thy comprehenſion?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg618"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Immenſe mag­

<lb></lb>nitudes and num­

<lb></lb>bers are incompre­

<lb></lb>henſible by our un­

<lb></lb>derſtanding.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>All this is very well, nor can it be denied, but that 

<lb></lb>Heaven may in greatneſſe ſurpaſſe our imagination, as alſo that 

<lb></lb>God might have created it thouſands of times vaſter than now it 

<lb></lb>is; but we ought not to grant any thing to have been made in 

<lb></lb>vain, and to be idle in the Univerſe. </s><s>Now, in that we ſee this ad­

<lb></lb>mirable order of the Planets, diſpoſed about the Earth in diſtan­

<lb></lb>ces proportionate for producing their effects for our advantage, 

<lb></lb>to what purpoſe is it to interpoſe afterwards between the ſublime 

<lb></lb>Orb of <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the ſtarry Sphere, a vaſt vacancy, without any 

<lb></lb>ſtar that is ſuperfluous, and to no purpoſe? </s><s>To what end? </s><s>For 

<lb></lb>whoſe profit and advantage?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Methinks we arrogate too much to our ſelves, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simpli­

<lb></lb>cius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> whilſt we will have it, that the onely care of us, is the ad­

<lb></lb>æquate work, and bound, beyond which the Divine Wiſdome 

<lb></lb>and Power doth, or diſpoſeth of nothing. </s><s>But I will not con­

<lb></lb>ſent, that we ſhould ſo much ſhorten its hand, but deſire that we 

<lb></lb>may content our ſelves with an aſſurance that God and Nature 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg619"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>are ſo imployed in the governing of humane affairs, that they 

<lb></lb>could not more apply themſelves thereto, although they had no 

<lb></lb>other care than onely that of mankind; and this, I think, I am 

<lb></lb>able to make out by a moſt pertinent and moſt noble example, 

<lb></lb>taken from the operation of the Suns light, which whileſt it at­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg620"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>tracteth theſe vapours, or ſcorcheth that plant, it attracteth, it 

<lb></lb>ſcorcheth them, as if it had no more to do; yea, in ripening that 

<lb></lb>bunch of grapes, nay that one ſingle grape, it doth apply it ſelf 

<lb></lb>ſo, that it could not be more intenſe if the ſum of all its buſineſs 

<lb></lb>had been the only maturation of that grape. </s><s>Now if this grape 

<lb></lb>receiveth all that it is poſſible for it to receive from the Sun, not 

<lb></lb>ſuffering the leaſt injury by the Suns production of a thouſand 

<lb></lb>other effects at the ſame time; it would be either envy or folly 

<lb></lb>to blame that grape, if it ſhould think or wiſh that the Sun would 

<lb></lb>onely appropriate its rayes to its advantage. </s><s>I am confident that 

<lb></lb>nothing is omitted by the Divine Providence, of what concernes 

<lb></lb>the government of humane affairs; but that there may not be 

<lb></lb>other things in the Univerſe, that depend upon the ſame infinite 

<lb></lb>Wiſdome, I cannot, of my ſelf, by what my reaſon holds forth 

<lb></lb>to me, bring my ſelf to believe. </s><s>However, if it were not ſo, 

<lb></lb>yet ſhould I not forbear to believe the reaſons laid before me by 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/344.jpg" pagenum="334"></pb>ſome more ſublime intelligence. </s><s>In the mean time, if one 

<lb></lb>ſhould tell me, that an immenſe ſpace interpoſed between the 

<lb></lb>Orbs of the Planets and the Starry Sphere, deprived of ſtars and 

<lb></lb>idle, would be vain and uſeleſſe, as likewiſe that ſo great an 

<lb></lb>immenſity for receipt of the fixed ſtars, as exceeds our utmoſt 

<lb></lb>comprehenſion would be ſuperfluous, I would reply, that it is 

<lb></lb>raſhneſſe to go about to make our ſhallow reaſon judg of the 

<lb></lb>Works of God, and to call vain and ſuperfluous, whatſoever 

<lb></lb>thing in the Univerſe is not ſubſervient to us.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg619"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>God &amp; Nature 

<lb></lb>do imploy them­

<lb></lb>ſelves in caring 

<lb></lb>for men, as if they 

<lb></lb>minded nothing 

<lb></lb>elſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg620"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An example of 

<lb></lb>Gods care of man­

<lb></lb>kind taken from 

<lb></lb>the Sun.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Say rather, and I believe you would ſay better, that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg621"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>we know not what is ſubſervient to us; and I hold it one of the 

<lb></lb>greateſt vanities, yea follies, that can be in the World, to ſay, 

<lb></lb>becauſe I know not of what uſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are to me, that 

<lb></lb>therefore theſe Planets are ſuperfluous, yea more, that there are 

<lb></lb>no ſuch things <emph type="italics"></emph>in rerum natura<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; when as, oh fooliſh man! I 

<lb></lb>know not ſo much as to what purpoſe the arteries, the griſtles, 

<lb></lb>the ſpleen, the gall do ſerve; nay I ſhould not know that I have 

<lb></lb>a gall, ſpleen, or kidneys, if in many deſected Corps, they were 

<lb></lb>not ſhewn unto me; and then onely ſhall I be able to know what 

<lb></lb>the ſpleen worketh in me, when it comes to be taken from me. 

<lb></lb></s><s>To be able to know what this or that Cœleſtial body worketh in 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg622"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>me (ſeeing you will have it that all their influences direct them­

<lb></lb>ſelves to us) it would be requiſite to remove that body for ſome 

<lb></lb>time; and then whatſoever effect I ſhould find wanting in me, I 

<lb></lb>would ſay that it depended on that ſtar. </s><s>Moreover, who will pre­

<lb></lb>ſume to ſay that the ſpace which they call too vaſt and uſeleſſe 

<lb></lb>between <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the fixed ſtars, is void of other mundane bo­

<lb></lb>dies? </s><s>Muſt it be ſo, becauſe we do not ſee them? </s><s>Then the four 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg623"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Medicean Planets, and the companions of <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> came firſt in­

<lb></lb>to Heaven, when we began to ſee them, and not before? </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>by this rule the innumerable other fixed ſtars had no exiſtence 

<lb></lb>before that men did look on them? </s><s>and the cloudy conſtellati­

<lb></lb>ons called <emph type="italics"></emph>Nebuloſœ<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> were at firſt only white flakes, but afterwards 

<lb></lb>with the Teleſcope we made them to become conſtellations of 

<lb></lb>many lucid and bright ſtars. </s><s>Oh preſumptious, rather oh raſh 

<lb></lb>ignorance of man!</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg621"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is great raſh­

<lb></lb>neſſe to cenſure 

<lb></lb>that to be ſuperflu­

<lb></lb>ous in the Univerſe, 

<lb></lb>which we do not 

<lb></lb>perceive to be made 

<lb></lb>for us.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg622"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>By depriving 

<lb></lb>Heaven of ſome 

<lb></lb>ſtar, one might 

<lb></lb>come to know what 

<lb></lb>influence it hath 

<lb></lb>upon us.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg623"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Many things 

<lb></lb>may be in Heauen, 

<lb></lb>that are inviſible 

<lb></lb>to us<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. It&#039;s to no purpoſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to ſally out any more into 

<lb></lb>theſe unprofitable exaggerations: Let us purſue our intended 

<lb></lb>deſigne of examining the validity of the reaſons alledged on ei­

<lb></lb>ther ſide, without determining any thing, remitting the judg­

<lb></lb>ment thereof when we have done, to ſuch as are more knowing. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Returning therefore to our natural and humane diſquiſitions, I 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg624"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſay, that great, little, immenſe, ſmall, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are not abſolute, 

<lb></lb>but relative terms, ſo that the ſelf ſame thing compared with 

<lb></lb>divers others, may one while be called immenſe, and another 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/345.jpg" pagenum="335"></pb>while imperceptible, not to ſay ſmall. </s><s>This being ſo, I demand 

<lb></lb>in relation to what the Starry Sphere of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> may be cal­

<lb></lb>led over vaſt. </s><s>In my judgment it cannot be compared, or ſaid 

<lb></lb>to be ſuch, unleſſe it be in relation to ſome other thing of the 

<lb></lb>ſame kind; now let us take the very leaſt of the ſame kind, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg625"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>which ſhall be the Lunar Orb; and if the Starry Orb may be ſo 

<lb></lb>cenſured to be too big in reſpect to that of the Moon, every o­

<lb></lb>ther magnitude that with like or greater proportion exceedeth 

<lb></lb>another of the ſame kind, ought to be adjudged too vaſt, and 

<lb></lb>for the ſame reaſon to be denied that they are to be found in the 

<lb></lb>World; and thus an Elephant, and a Whale, ſhall without more 

<lb></lb>ado be condemned for <emph type="italics"></emph>Chymæra&#039;s,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and Poetical fictions, be­

<lb></lb>cauſe that the one as being too vaſt in relation to an Ant, which 

<lb></lb>is a Terreſtrial animal, and the other in reſpect to the ^{*}Gudgeon, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg626"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>which is a Fiſh, and are certainly ſeen to be <emph type="italics"></emph>in rerum natura,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>would be too immeaſurable; for without all diſpute, the Ele­

<lb></lb>phant and Whale exceed the Ant and Gudgeon in a much great­

<lb></lb>er proportion than the Starry Sphere doth that of the Moon, 

<lb></lb>although we ſhould fancy the ſaid Sphere to be as big as the <emph type="italics"></emph>Co­

<lb></lb>pernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Syſteme maketh it. </s><s>Moreover, how hugely big is the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg627"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Sphere of <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> defigned for a receptacle 

<lb></lb>but for one ſingle ſtar; and that very ſmall in compariſon of one 

<lb></lb>of the fixed? </s><s>Certainly if we ſhould aſſign to every one of the 

<lb></lb>fixed ſtars for its receptacle ſo great a part of the Worlds ſpace, 

<lb></lb>it would be neceſſary to make the Orb wherein ſuch innumerable 

<lb></lb>multitudes of them reſide, very many thouſands of times big­

<lb></lb>ger than that which ſerveth the purpoſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Beſides, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg628"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>do not you call a fixed ſtar very ſmall, I mean even one of the 

<lb></lb>moſt apparent, and not one of thoſe which ſhun our ſight; and 

<lb></lb>do we not call them ſo in reſpect of the vaſt ſpace circumfuſed? 

<lb></lb></s><s>Now if the whole Starry Sphere were one entire lucid body; who 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg629"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>is there, that doth not know that in an infinite ſpace there might be 

<lb></lb>aſſigned a diſtance ſo great, as that the ſaid lucid Sphere might 

<lb></lb>from thence ſhew as little, yea leſſe than a fixed ſtar, now ap­

<lb></lb>peareth beheld from the Earth? </s><s>From thence therefore we 

<lb></lb>ſhould <emph type="italics"></emph>then<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> judg that ſelf ſame thing to be little, which <emph type="italics"></emph>now<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from 

<lb></lb>hence we eſteem to be immeaſurably great.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg624"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Great, ſmall, 

<lb></lb>immenſe,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> &amp;c. <emph type="italics"></emph>are 

<lb></lb>relative terms.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg625"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Vanity of thoſe 

<lb></lb>mens diſcour ſewho 

<lb></lb>judg the ſtarry 

<lb></lb>ſphere too vaſt in 

<lb></lb>the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Copernican 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Hypotheſis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg626"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"></emph>Spilloncola,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which 

<lb></lb>is here put for the 

<lb></lb>leaſt of Fiſhes.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg627"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſpace aſ­

<lb></lb>ſigned to a fixed 

<lb></lb>ſtar, is much ieſſe 

<lb></lb>than that of a Pla­

<lb></lb>net.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg628"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A ſtar is cal­

<lb></lb>led in reſpect of the 

<lb></lb>ſpace that environs 

<lb></lb>it.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg629"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The whole ſtar­

<lb></lb>ry ſphere beheld 

<lb></lb>from a great di­

<lb></lb>ſtance might ap­

<lb></lb>pear as ſmall as 

<lb></lb>one ſingle ſtar.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Great in my judgment, is the folly of thoſe who 

<lb></lb>would have had God to have made the World more proportinal 

<lb></lb>to the narrow capacities of their reaſon, than to his immenſe, 

<lb></lb>rather infinite power.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>All this that you ſay is very true; but that upon 

<lb></lb>which the adverſary makes a ſcruple, is, to grant that a fixed 

<lb></lb>ſtar ſhould be not onely equal to, but ſo much bigger than the 

<lb></lb>Sun; when as they both are particular bodies ſituate within the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/346.jpg" pagenum="336"></pb>Starry Orb: “And indeed in my opinion this Authour very 

<lb></lb>pertinently queſtioneth and asketh: To what end, and 

<lb></lb>for whoſe ſake are ſuch huge machines made? </s><s>Were they 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg630"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>produced for the Earth, for an inconſiderable point? </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>why ſo remote? </s><s>To the end they might ſeem ſo very ſmall, 

<lb></lb>and might have no influence at all upon the Earth? </s><s>To 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg631"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>what purpoſe is ſuch a needleſſe monſtrous ^{*} immenſity be­

<lb></lb>tween them and <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? </s><s>All thoſe aſſertions fall to the 

<lb></lb>ground that are not upheld by probable reaſons.”</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg630"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Inſtances of the 

<lb></lb>Authour of the 

<lb></lb>Concluſions by way 

<lb></lb>of interrogation.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg631"></margin.target>Or Gulph.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I conceive by the queſtions which this perſon asketh, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg632"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that one may collect, that in caſe the Heavens, the Stars, and 

<lb></lb>the quantity of their diſtances and magnitudes which he hath 

<lb></lb>hitherto held, be let alone, (although he never certainly fancied 

<lb></lb>to himſelf any conceivable magnitude thereof) he perfectly diſ­

<lb></lb>cerns and comprehends the benefits that flow from thence to the 

<lb></lb>Earth, which is no longer an inconſiderable thing; nor are they 

<lb></lb>any longer ſo remote as to appear ſo very ſmall, but big enough to 

<lb></lb>be able to operate on the Earth; and that the diſtance between 

<lb></lb>them and <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is very well proportioned, and that he, for all 

<lb></lb>theſe things, hath very probable reaſons; of which I would glad­

<lb></lb>ly have heard ſome one: but being that in theſe few words he 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg633"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>confounds and contradicts himſelf, it maketh me think that he 

<lb></lb>is very poor and ill furniſhed with thoſe probable reaſons, and 

<lb></lb>that thoſe which he calls reaſons, are rather fallacies, or dreams 

<lb></lb>of an over-weening fancy. </s><s>For I ask of him, whether theſe Ce­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg634"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>leſtial bodies truly operate on the Earth, and whether for the 

<lb></lb>working of thoſe effects they were produced of ſuch and ſuch 

<lb></lb>magnitudes, and diſpoſed at ſuch and ſuch diſtances, or elſe 

<lb></lb>whether they have nothing at all to do with Terrene mattets. </s><s>If 

<lb></lb>they have nothing to do with the Earth; it is a great folly for us 

<lb></lb>that are Earth-born, to offer to make our ſelves arbitrators of 

<lb></lb>their magnitudes, and regulators of their local diſpoſitions, ſee­

<lb></lb>ing that we are altogether ignorant of their whole buſineſſe and 

<lb></lb>concerns; but if he ſhall ſay that they do operate, and that they 

<lb></lb>are directed to this end, he doth affirm the ſame thing which a 

<lb></lb>little before he denied, and praiſeth that which even now he 

<lb></lb>condemned, in that he ſaid, that the Celeſtial bodies ſituate ſo 

<lb></lb>far remote as that they appear very ſmall, cannot have any in­

<lb></lb>fluence at all upon the Earth. </s><s>But, good Sir, in the Starry Sphere 

<lb></lb>pre-eſtabliſhed at its preſent diſtance, and which you did ac­

<lb></lb>knowledg to be in your judgment, well proportioned to have an 

<lb></lb>influence upon theſe Terrene bodies, many ſtars appear very 

<lb></lb>ſmall, and an hundred times as many more are wholly inviſible 

<lb></lb>unto us (which is an appearing yet leſſe than very ſmall) 

<lb></lb>therefore it is neceſſary that (contradicting your ſelf) you do 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/347.jpg" pagenum="337"></pb>now deny their operation upon the the Earth; or elſe that (ſtill 

<lb></lb>contradicting your ſelf) you grant that their appearing very ſmall 

<lb></lb>doth not in the leaſt leſſen their influence; or elſe that (and this 

<lb></lb>ſhall be a more ſincere and modeſt conceſſion) you acknowledg 

<lb></lb>and freely confeſſe, that our paſſing judgment upon their mag­

<lb></lb>nitudes and diſtances is a vanity, not to ſay preſumption or 

<lb></lb>raſhneſſe.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg632"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Anſwers to the 

<lb></lb>interrogatories of 

<lb></lb>the ſaid Authour.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg633"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Auihour 

<lb></lb>of the Concluſi­

<lb></lb>ons confound and 

<lb></lb>contradicts him­

<lb></lb>ſelfin his interro­

<lb></lb>gations.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg634"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Inter ogatories 

<lb></lb>put to the Au­

<lb></lb>thour of the Con­

<lb></lb>cluſions, by which 

<lb></lb>the weakneſſe of 

<lb></lb>his is made appear.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Truth is, I my ſelf did alſo, in reading this paſſage 

<lb></lb>perceive the manifeſt contradiction, in ſaying, that the Stars. (if 

<lb></lb>one may ſo ſpeak) of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> appearing ſo very ſmall, could 

<lb></lb>not operate on the Earth, and not perceiving that he had granted 

<lb></lb>an influence upon the Earth to thoſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and his ſecta­

<lb></lb>tors, which appear not only very ſmall, but are, for the moſt 

<lb></lb>part, very inviſible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But I proceed to another conſideration: What is the 

<lb></lb>reaſon, doth he ſay, why the ſtars appear ſo little? </s><s>Is it haply, 

<lb></lb>becauſe they ſeem ſo to us? </s><s>Doth not he know, that this com­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg635"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>meth from the Inſtrument that we imploy in beholding them, to 

<lb></lb>wit, from our eye? </s><s>And that this is true, by changing Inſtru­

<lb></lb>ment, we ſhall ſee them bigger and bigger, as much as we will. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And who knows but that to the Earth, which beholdeth them 

<lb></lb>without eyes, they may not ſhew very great, and ſuch as in reali­

<lb></lb>ty they are? </s><s>But it&#039;s time that, omitting theſe trifles, we come 

<lb></lb>to things of more moment; and therefore I having already de­

<lb></lb>monſtrated theſe two things: Firſt, how far off the Firmament 

<lb></lb>ought to be placed to make, that the grand Orb cauſeth no grea­

<lb></lb>ter difference than that which the Terreſtrial Orb occaſioneth in 

<lb></lb>the remoteneſſe of the Sun; And next, how likewiſe to make 

<lb></lb>that a ſtar of the Firmament appear to us of the ſame bigneſſe, 

<lb></lb>as now we ſee it, it is not neceſſary to ſuppoſe it bigger than the 

<lb></lb>Sun; I would know whether <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or any of his adherents hath 

<lb></lb>ever attempted to find out, by any means, whether any appea­

<lb></lb>rance be to be diſcovered in the ſtarry Sphere, upon which one 

<lb></lb>may the more reſolutely deny or admit the annual motion of 

<lb></lb>the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg635"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>That remote ol­

<lb></lb>jects appeare ſo 

<lb></lb>ſmall, is the defect 

<lb></lb>of the eye, as is

<lb></lb>demonſtrated.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I would anſwer for them, that there is not, no nor is 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg636"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>there any need there ſhould; ſeeing that it is <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf 

<lb></lb>that ſaith, that no ſuch diverſity is there: and they, arguing <emph type="italics"></emph>ad 

<lb></lb>hominem,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> admit him the ſame; and upon this aſſumption they 

<lb></lb>demonſtrate the improbability that followeth thereupon, name­

<lb></lb>ly, that it would be neceſſary to make the Sphere ſo immenſe, 

<lb></lb>that a fixed ſtar, to appear unto us as great as it now ſeems, ought 

<lb></lb>of neceſſity to be of ſo immenſe a magnitude, as that it would 

<lb></lb>exceed the bigneſſe of the whole grand Orb, a thing, which not­

<lb></lb>withſtanding, as they ſay, is altogether incredible.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/348.jpg" pagenum="338"></pb><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg636"></margin.target>Tycho <emph type="italics"></emph>nor his 

<lb></lb>followers ever at­

<lb></lb>tempted to ſee whe­

<lb></lb>ther there are any 

<lb></lb>appearances in the 

<lb></lb>Firmament for or 

<lb></lb>against the annual 

<lb></lb>motion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am of the ſame judgment, and verily believe that 

<lb></lb>they argue <emph type="italics"></emph>contra hominem,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſtudying more to defend another 

<lb></lb>man, than deſiring to come to the knowledge of the truth. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg637"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>I do not only believe, that none of them ever applied themſelves 

<lb></lb>to make any ſuch obſervation, but I am alſo uncertain, whether 

<lb></lb>any of them do know what alteration the Earths annual motion 

<lb></lb>ought to produce in the fixed ſtars, in caſe the ſtarry Sphere were 

<lb></lb>not ſo far diſtant, as that in them the ſaid diverſity, by reaſon of 

<lb></lb>its minuity diſ-appeareth; for their ſurceaſing that inquiſition, 

<lb></lb>and referring themſelves to the meer aſſertion of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>may very well ſerve to convict a man, but not to acquit him of 

<lb></lb>the fact: For its poſſible that ſuch a diverſity may be, and yet 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg638"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>not have been ſought for; or that either by reaſon of its minui­

<lb></lb>ty, or for want of exact Inſtruments it was not diſcovered by <emph type="italics"></emph>Co­

<lb></lb>pernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; for though it were ſo, this would not be the firſt thing, 

<lb></lb>that he either for want of Inſtruments, or for ſome other defect 

<lb></lb>hath not known; and yet he proceeding upon other ſolid and 

<lb></lb>rational conjectures, affirmeth that, which the things by him not 

<lb></lb>diſcovered do ſeem to contradict: for, as hath been ſaid already, 

<lb></lb>without the Teleſcope, neither could <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> be diſcerned to in­

<lb></lb>creaſe 60. times; nor <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 40. more in that than in this poſiti­

<lb></lb>on; yea, their differences appear much leſſe than really they are: 

<lb></lb>and yet nevertheleſſe it is certainly diſcovered at length, that 

<lb></lb>thoſe mutations are the ſame, to an hair that the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Sy­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg639"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſteme required. </s><s>Now it would be very well, if with the greateſt 

<lb></lb>accurateneſſe poſſible one ſhould enquire whether ſuch a muta­

<lb></lb>tion as ought to be diſcoverable in the fixed ſtars, ſuppoſing the 

<lb></lb>annual motion of the Earth, would be obſerved really and in 

<lb></lb>effect, a thing which I verily believe hath never as yet been done 

<lb></lb>by any; done, ſaid I? no, nor haply (as I ſaid before) by many 

<lb></lb>well underſtood how it ought to be done. </s><s>Nor ſpeak I this at 

<lb></lb>randome, for I have heretofore ſeen a certain Manuſcript of 

<lb></lb>one of theſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Anti-Copernicans,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which ſaid, that there would ne­

<lb></lb>ceſſarily follow, in caſe that opinion were true, a continual ri­

<lb></lb>ſing and falling of the Pole from ſix moneths to ſix moneths, ac­

<lb></lb>cording as the Earth in ſuch a time, by ſuch a ſpace as is the dia­

<lb></lb>meter of the grand Orb, retireth one while towards the North, and 

<lb></lb>another while towards the South; and yet it ſeemed to him reaſo­

<lb></lb>nable, yea neceſſary, that we, following the Earth, when we were 

<lb></lb>towards the North ſhould have the Pole more elevated than when 

<lb></lb>we are towards the South. </s><s>In this very error did one fall that was 

<lb></lb>otherwiſe a very skilful Mathematician, &amp; a follower of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernic.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg640"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>as <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> relateth in his ^{*}<emph type="italics"></emph>Progymnaſma. </s><s>pag<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 684. which ſaid, that he 

<lb></lb>had obſerved the Polar altitude to vary, and to differ in Summer 

<lb></lb>from what it is in Winter: and becauſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> denieth the merit 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/349.jpg" pagenum="339"></pb>of the cauſe, but findeth no fault with the method of it; that 

<lb></lb>is, denieth that there is any mutation to be ſeen in the altitude of 

<lb></lb>the Pole, but doth not blame the inquiſition, for not being adap­

<lb></lb>ted to the finding of what is ſought, he thereby ſheweth, that he 

<lb></lb>alſo eſtecemed the Polar altitude varied, or not varied every ſix 

<lb></lb>moneths, to be a good teſtimony to diſprove or inferre the annual 

<lb></lb>motion of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg637"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A ſtronomeys, 

<lb></lb>perhaps, have not 

<lb></lb>known what ap­

<lb></lb>pearances ought to 

<lb></lb>follow upon the an­

<lb></lb>nual motion of the 

<lb></lb>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg638"></margin.target>Copernicus <emph type="italics"></emph>un­

<lb></lb>derſtood not ſome 

<lb></lb>things for want of 

<lb></lb>Inſtruments.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg639"></margin.target>Tycho <emph type="italics"></emph>and o­

<lb></lb>thers argue a­

<lb></lb>gainſt the annual 

<lb></lb>motion, from the 

<lb></lb>invariable eleva­

<lb></lb>tion of the Pole.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg640"></margin.target>* Chriſiophoius 

<lb></lb>Rothmannus.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>In truth, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> my opinion alſo tells me, that the 

<lb></lb>ſame muſt neceſſarily enſue: for I do not think that you will de­

<lb></lb>ny me, but that if we walk only 60. miles towards the North, 

<lb></lb>the Pole will riſe unto us a degree higher, and that if we move 

<lb></lb>60. miles farther Northwards, the Pole will be elevated to us a 

<lb></lb>degree more, &amp;c. </s><s>Now if the approaching or receding 60. miles 

<lb></lb>onely, make ſo notable a change in the Polar altitudes, what 

<lb></lb>alteration would follow, if the Earth and we with it, ſhould 

<lb></lb>be tranſported, I will not ſay 60. miles, but 60. thouſand miles 

<lb></lb>that way.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It would follow (if it ſhould proceed in the ſame 

<lb></lb>proportion) that the Pole ſhall be elevated a thouſand degrees. 

<lb></lb></s><s>See, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> what a long rooted opinion can do. </s><s>Yea, by 

<lb></lb>reaſon you have fixed it in your mind for ſo many years, that it 

<lb></lb>is Heaven, that revolveth in twenty four hours, and not the 

<lb></lb>Earth, and that conſequently the Poles of that Revolution are in 

<lb></lb>Heaven, and not in the Terreſtrial Globe, cannot now, in an 

<lb></lb>hours time ſhake off this habituated conceipt, and take up the 

<lb></lb>contrary, fancying to your ſelf, that the Earth is that which mo­

<lb></lb>veth, only for ſo long time as may ſuffice to conceive of what 

<lb></lb>would follow, thereupon ſhould that lye be a truth. </s><s>If the Earth 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> be that which moveth in its ſelf in twenty four hours, 

<lb></lb>in it are the Poles, in it is the Axis, in it is the Equinoctial, that 

<lb></lb>is, the grand Circle, deſcribed by the point, equidiſtant from the 

<lb></lb>Poles, in it are the inſinite Parallels bigger and leſſer deſcribed by 

<lb></lb>the points of the ſuperficies more and leſſe diſtant from the Poles, 

<lb></lb>in it are all theſe things, and not in the ſtarry Sphere, which, as 

<lb></lb>being immoveable, wants them all, and can only by the imagina­

<lb></lb>tion be conceived to be therein, prolonging the Axis of the Earth 

<lb></lb>ſo far, till that determining, it ſhall mark out two points placed 

<lb></lb>right over our Poles, and the plane of the Equinoctial being ex­

<lb></lb>tended, it ſhall deſcribe in Heaven a circle like it ſelf. </s><s>Now if the 

<lb></lb>true Axis, the true Poles, the true Equinoctial, do not change 

<lb></lb>in the Earth ſo long as you continue in the ſame place of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, and though the Earth be tranſported, as you do pleaſe, 

<lb></lb>yet you ſhall not change your habitude either to the Poles, or to 

<lb></lb>the circles, or to any other Earthly thing; and this becauſe, that 

<lb></lb>that tranſpoſition being common to you and to all Terreſtrial 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/350.jpg" pagenum="340"></pb>things; and that motion where it is common, is as if it never 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg641"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>were; and as you change not habitude to the Terreſtrial Poles 

<lb></lb>(habitude I ſay, whether that they riſe, or deſcend) ſo neither 

<lb></lb>ſhall you change poſition to the Poles imagined in Heaven; al­

<lb></lb>wayes provided that by Celeſtial Poles we underſtand (as hath 

<lb></lb>been already defined) thoſe two points that come to be marked 

<lb></lb>out by the prolongation of the Terreſtrial Axis unto that length. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Tis true thoſe points in Heaven do change, when the Earths tran­

<lb></lb>ſportment is made after ſuch a manner, that its Axis cometh to 

<lb></lb>paſſe by other and other points of the immoveable Celeſtial 

<lb></lb>Sphere, but our habitude thereunto changeth not, ſo as that the 

<lb></lb>ſecond ſhould be more elevated to us than the firſt. </s><s>If any one 

<lb></lb>will have one of the points of the Firmament, which do anſwer 

<lb></lb>to the Poles of the Earth to aſcend, and the other to deſcend, 

<lb></lb>he muſt walk along the Earth towards the one, receding from the 

<lb></lb>other, for the tranſportment of the Earth, and with it us our 

<lb></lb>ſelves, (as I told you before) operates nothing at all.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg641"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Motion where 

<lb></lb>it is common, is as 

<lb></lb>if it never were.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Permit me, I beſeech you <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to make this a 

<lb></lb>little more clear by an example, which although groſſe, is a­

<lb></lb>commodated to this purpoſe. </s><s>Suppoſe your ſelf, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg642"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>be aboard a Ship, and that ſtanding in the Poope, or Hin-deck; 

<lb></lb>you have directed a Quadrant, or ſome other Aſtronomical In­

<lb></lb>ſtrument, towards the top of the Top-gallant-Maſt, as if you 

<lb></lb>would take its height, which ſuppoſe it were <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 40. degrees, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg643"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>there is no doubt, but that if you walk along the ^{*} Hatches to­

<lb></lb>wards the Maſt 25. or 30. paces; and then again direct the ſaid 

<lb></lb>Inſtrument to the ſame Top-Gallant-Top. </s><s>You ſhall find its ele­

<lb></lb>vation to be greater, and to be encreaſed <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 10. degrees; but 

<lb></lb>if inſtead of walking thoſe 25. or 30. paces towards the Maſt, 

<lb></lb>you ſtand ſtill at the Sterne, and make the whole Ship to move 

<lb></lb>thitherwards, do you believe that by reaſon of the 25. or 30. 

<lb></lb>paces that it had paſt, the elevation of the Top-Gallant-Top 

<lb></lb>would ſhew 10. degrees encreaſed?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg642"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An example fit­

<lb></lb>ted to prove that 

<lb></lb>the altitude of the 

<lb></lb>Pole ought not to 

<lb></lb>vary by means of 

<lb></lb>the Earths annual 

<lb></lb>motion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg643"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"></emph>Corſia,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the bank 

<lb></lb>or bench on which 

<lb></lb>ſlaves ſit in a Gal­

<lb></lb>ly.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe and know that it would not gain an hairs 

<lb></lb>breadth in the paſſing of 30. paces, nor of a thouſand, no nor of 

<lb></lb>an hundred thouſand miles; but yet I believe withal that look­

<lb></lb>ing through the ſights at the Top and Top-Gallant, if I ſhould 

<lb></lb>find a fixed Star that was in the ſame elevation, I believe I ſay, 

<lb></lb>that, holding ſtill the Quadrant, after I had ſailed towards the 

<lb></lb>ſtar 60. miles, the eye would meet with the top of the ſaid 

<lb></lb>Maſt, as before, but not with the ſtar, which would be eleva­

<lb></lb>ted to me one degree.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Then you do not think that the ſight would fall upon 

<lb></lb>that point of the Starry Sphere, that anſwereth to the direction 

<lb></lb>of the Top-Gallant Top?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/351.jpg" pagenum="341"></pb><p type="main"><s>SIMP. No: For the point would be changed, and would be 

<lb></lb>beneath the ſtar firſt obſerved.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You are in the right. </s><s>Now like as that which in this 

<lb></lb>example anſwereth to the elevation of the Top-Gallant-Top, is 

<lb></lb>not the ſtar, but the point of the Firmament that lyeth in a right 

<lb></lb>line with the eye, and the ſaid top of the Maſt, ſo in the caſe 

<lb></lb>exemplified, that which in the Firmament anſwers to the Pole 

<lb></lb>of the Earth, is not a ſtar, or other fixed thing in the Firma­

<lb></lb>ment; but is that point in which the Axis of the Earth continu­

<lb></lb>ed ſtreight out, till it cometh thither doth determine, which point 

<lb></lb>is not fixed, but obeyeth the mutations that the Pole of the 

<lb></lb>Earth doth make. </s><s>And therefore <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or who ever elſe that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg644"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>did alledg this objection, ought to have ſaid that upon that 

<lb></lb>ſame motion of the Earth, were it true, one might obſerve ſome 

<lb></lb>difference in the elevation and depreſſion (not of the Pole, but) 

<lb></lb>of ſome fixed ſtar toward that part which anſwereth to our Pole.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg644"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Upon the annu­

<lb></lb>al motion of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, alteration 

<lb></lb>may enſue in 

<lb></lb>ſome fixed ſtar, 

<lb></lb>not in the Pole.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I already very well underſtand the miſtake by them 

<lb></lb>committed; but yet therefore (which to me ſeems very great) of 

<lb></lb>the argument brought on the contrary is not leſſened, ſuppo­

<lb></lb>ſing relation to be had to the variation of the ſtars, and not of 

<lb></lb>the Pole; for if the moving of the Ship but 60. miles, make a 

<lb></lb>fixed ſtar riſe to me one degree, ſhall I not find alike, yea and 

<lb></lb>very much greater mutation, if the Ship ſhould ſail towards the 

<lb></lb>ſaid ſtar for ſo much ſpace as is the Diameter of the Grand 

<lb></lb>Orb, which you affirm to be double the diſtance that is between 

<lb></lb>the Earth and Sun?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Herein <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> there is another fallacy, which, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg645"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>truth is, you underſtand, but do not upon the ſudden think of 

<lb></lb>the ſame, but I will try to bring it to your remembrance: Tell 

<lb></lb>me therefore; if when after you have directed the Quadrant to 

<lb></lb>a fixed ſtar, and found <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> its elevation to be 40. degrees, 

<lb></lb>you ſhould without ſtirring from the place, incline the ſide of 

<lb></lb>the Ouadrant, ſo as that the ſtar might remain elevated above 

<lb></lb>that direction, would you thereupon ſay that the ſtar had acqui­

<lb></lb>red greater elevation?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg645"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The equivoke of 

<lb></lb>thoſe who believe 

<lb></lb>that in the annual 

<lb></lb>motion great mu­

<lb></lb>tations are to be 

<lb></lb>made about the 

<lb></lb>elevation of a fix­

<lb></lb>ed ſtar, is confu­

<lb></lb>ted.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Certainly no: For the mutation was made in the In­

<lb></lb>ſtrument and not in the Obſerver, that did change place, mo­

<lb></lb>ving towards the ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But if you ſail or walk along the ſurface of the Terre­

<lb></lb>ſtrial Globe, will you ſay that there is no alteration made in the 

<lb></lb>ſaid Quadrant, but that the ſame elevarion is ſtill retained in re­

<lb></lb>ſpect of the Heavens, ſo long as you your ſelf do not incline it, 

<lb></lb>but let it ſtand at its firſt conſtitution?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Give me leave to think of it. </s><s>I would ſay without 

<lb></lb>more ado, that it would not retain the ſame, in regard the pro­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/352.jpg" pagenum="342"></pb>greſſe I make is not <emph type="italics"></emph>in plano,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but about the circumference of the 

<lb></lb>Terreſtrial Globe, which at every ſtep changeth inclination in 

<lb></lb>reſpect to Heaven, and conſequently maketh the ſame change 

<lb></lb>in the Inſtrument which is erected upon the ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You ſay very well: And you know withal, that by 

<lb></lb>how much the bigger that circle ſhall be upon which you move, 

<lb></lb>ſo many more miles you are to walk, to make the ſaid ſtar to 

<lb></lb>riſe that ſame degree higher; and that ſinally if the motion to­

<lb></lb>wards the ſtar ſhould be in a right line, you ought to move yet 

<lb></lb>farther, than if it were about the circumference of never ſo 

<lb></lb>great a circle?

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg646"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg646"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The right line, 

<lb></lb>and circumference 

<lb></lb>of an infinite cir­

<lb></lb>cle, are the ſame 

<lb></lb>thing.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. True: For in ſhort the circumference of an infinite 

<lb></lb>circle, and a right line are the ſame thing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>But this I do not underſtand, nor as I believe, doth 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> apprehend the ſame; and it muſt needs be concealed 

<lb></lb>from us under ſome miſtery, for we know that <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> never 

<lb></lb>ſpeaks at random, nor propoſeth any Paradox, which doth not 

<lb></lb>break forth into ſome conceit, not trivial in the leaſt. </s><s>Therefore 

<lb></lb>in due time and place I will put you in mind to demonſtrate this, 

<lb></lb>that the right line is the ſame with the circumference of an infi­

<lb></lb>nite circle, but at preſent I am unwilling that we ſhould inter­

<lb></lb>rupt the diſcourſe in hand. </s><s>Returning then to the caſe, I pro­

<lb></lb>poſe to the conſideration of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> how the acceſſion and 

<lb></lb>receſſion that the Earth makes from the ſaid fixed ſtar which is 

<lb></lb>neer the Pole can be made as it were by a right line, for ſuch is 

<lb></lb>the Diameter of the Grand Orb, ſo that the attempting to re­

<lb></lb>gulate the elevation and depreſſion of the Polar ſtar by the mo­

<lb></lb>tion along the ſaid Diameter, as if it were by the motion about 

<lb></lb>the little circle of the Earth, is a great argument of but little 

<lb></lb>judgment.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But we continue ſtill unſatisfied, in regard that the 

<lb></lb>ſaid ſmall mutation that ſhould be therein, would not be diſcer­

<lb></lb>ned; and if this be <emph type="italics"></emph>null,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> then muſt the annual motion about 

<lb></lb>the Grand Orb aſcribed to the Earth, be <emph type="italics"></emph>null<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> alſo.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Here now I give <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> leave to go on, who as I 

<lb></lb>believe will not overpaſſe the elevation and depreſſion of the 

<lb></lb>Polar ſtar or any other of thoſe that are fixed as <emph type="italics"></emph>null,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> although 

<lb></lb>not diſcovered by any one, and affirmed by <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf 

<lb></lb>to be, I will not ſay <emph type="italics"></emph>null,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but unobſervable by reaſon of its 

<lb></lb>minuity.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have already ſaid above, that I do not think that </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg647"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>any one did ever ſet himſelf to obſerve, whether in different times 

<lb></lb>of the year there is any mutation to be ſeen in the fixed ſtars, that 

<lb></lb>may have a dependance on the annual motion of the Earth, and 

<lb></lb>added withal, that I doubted leaſt haply ſome might never have 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/353.jpg" pagenum="343"></pb>underſtood what thoſe mutations are, and amongſt what ſtars 

<lb></lb>they ſhould be diſcerned; therefore it would be neceſſary that 

<lb></lb>we in the next place narrowly examine this particular. </s><s>My ha­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg648"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ving onely found written in general terms that the annual moti­

<lb></lb>on of the Earth about the Grand Orb, ought not to be admit­

<lb></lb>ted, becauſe it is not probable but that by means of the ſame 

<lb></lb>there would be diſcoverd ſome apparent mutation in the fixed 

<lb></lb>ſtars, and not hearing ſay what thoſe apparent mutations ought to 

<lb></lb>be in particular, and in what ſtars, maketh me very reaſonably 

<lb></lb>to infer that they who rely upon that general poſition, have not 

<lb></lb>underſtood, no nor poſſibly endeavoured to underſtand, how 

<lb></lb>the buſineſſe of theſe mutations goeth, nor what things thoſe 

<lb></lb>are which they ſay ought to be ſeen. </s><s>And to this judgment I am 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg649"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the rather induced, knowing that the annual motion aſcribed 

<lb></lb>by <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to the Earth, if it ſhould appear ſenſible in the 

<lb></lb>Starry Sphere, is not to make apparent mutations equal in re­

<lb></lb>ſpect to all the ſtars, but thoſe appearances ought to be made 

<lb></lb>in ſome greater, in others leſſer, and in others yet leſſer; and 

<lb></lb>laſtly, in others abſolutely nothing at all, by reaſon of the 

<lb></lb>vaſt magnitude that the circle of this annual motion is ſuppoſed 

<lb></lb>to be of. </s><s>As for the mutations that ſhould b ſeen, they are of 

<lb></lb>two kinds, one is the ſaid ſtars changing apparent magnitude, 

<lb></lb>and the other their variation of altitudes in the Meridian. </s><s>Upon 

<lb></lb>which neceſſarily followeth the mutation of riſings and ſettings, 

<lb></lb>and of their diſtances from the Zenith, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg647"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Enquiry is made 

<lb></lb>what mutations, &amp; 

<lb></lb>in what ſtars, are to 

<lb></lb>be diſcovered, by 

<lb></lb>means of the an­

<lb></lb>nual motion of the 

<lb></lb>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg648"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomers ha­

<lb></lb>ving omitted to in­

<lb></lb>ſtance what alte­

<lb></lb>rations thoſe are 

<lb></lb>that may be deri­

<lb></lb>ved from the an­

<lb></lb>nual motion of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, do thereby 

<lb></lb>teſtifie that they 

<lb></lb>never rightly un­

<lb></lb>derſtood the ſame.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg649"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The mutations 

<lb></lb>of the fixed ſtars 

<lb></lb>ought to be in ſome 

<lb></lb>greater, in others 

<lb></lb>leſſer, and in others 

<lb></lb>nothing at all.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Methinks I ſee preparing for me ſuch a skean of theſe 

<lb></lb>revolutions, that I wiſh it may never be my task to diſ-intangle 

<lb></lb>them, for to confeſſe my infirmity to <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I have ſome­

<lb></lb>times thought thereon, but could never find the ^{*} Lay-band of 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg650"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>it, and I ſpeak not ſo much of this which pertains to the fixed 

<lb></lb>ſtars, as of another more terrible labour which you bring to my 

<lb></lb>remembrance by maintaining theſe Meridian Altitudes, Ortive 

<lb></lb>Latitudes and diſtances from the Vertex, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And that which 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg651"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>puzzleth my brains, ariſeth from what I am now about to tell 

<lb></lb>you. <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſuppoſeth the Starry Sphere immoveable, and 

<lb></lb>the Sun in the centre thereof immoveable alſo. </s><s>Therefore eve­

<lb></lb>ry mutation which ſeemeth unto us to be made in the Sun or in 

<lb></lb>the fixed ſtars, muſt of neceſſity befall the Earth and be ous. 

<lb></lb></s><s>But the Sun riſeth and declineth in our Meridian by a very great 

<lb></lb>arch of almoſt 47. degrees, and by arches yet greater and 

<lb></lb>greatet, varieth its Ortive and Occidual Latitudes in the oblique 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg652"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Horizons. </s><s>Now how can the Earth ever incline and elevate ſo 

<lb></lb>notably to the Sun, and nothing at all to the fixed ſtars, or ſo 

<lb></lb>little, that it is not to be perceived? </s><s>This is that knot which 

<lb></lb>could never get thorow my ^{*} Loom-Combe; and if you ſhall 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/354.jpg" pagenum="344"></pb>untie it, I ſhall hold you for more than an <emph type="italics"></emph>Alexander.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg650"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"></emph>Bandola<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that 

<lb></lb>end of a skeen 

<lb></lb>where with houſe­

<lb></lb>wives faſten their 

<lb></lb>hankes of yarn, 

<lb></lb>thread or ſilk.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg651"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The grand dif­

<lb></lb>ficulty in<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Coper­

<lb></lb>nicus <emph type="italics"></emph>his Doctrine, 

<lb></lb>is that which con­

<lb></lb>cerns the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Phæno­

<lb></lb>mena <emph type="italics"></emph>of the Sun 

<lb></lb>and fixed ſtars.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg652"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"></emph>Pettine,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it is 

<lb></lb>the ſtay in a Wea­

<lb></lb>vets Loom, that 

<lb></lb>permitteth no knot 

<lb></lb>or ſnarle to paſſe 

<lb></lb>it, called by them 

<lb></lb>the Combe of the 

<lb></lb>Loom.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Theſe are ſcruples worthy of the ingenuity of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagre­

<lb></lb>dus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and this doubt is ſo intricate, that even <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf 

<lb></lb>almoſt deſpaired of being able to explain the ſame, ſo as to 

<lb></lb>render it intelligible, which we ſee as well by his own confeſſion 

<lb></lb>of its obſcurity, as alſo by his, at two ſeveral times, taking two 

<lb></lb>different wayes to make it out. </s><s>And, I ingenuouſly confeſſe that 

<lb></lb>I underſtood not his explanation, till ſuch time as another me­

<lb></lb>thod more plain and manifeſt, had rendred it intelligible; and 

<lb></lb>yet neither was that done without a long and laborious applica­

<lb></lb>tion of my thoughts to the ſame.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſaw the ſame ſcruple, and makes uſe there­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg653"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of to oppoſe certain of the Ancients, who held that the Earth 

<lb></lb>was a Planet; againſt whom he argueth, that if it were ſo, it 

<lb></lb>would follow that it alſo, as the reſt of the Planets, ſhould have a 

<lb></lb>plurality of motions, from whence would follow theſe variati­

<lb></lb>ons in the riſings and ſettings of the fixed ſtars, and likewiſe in 

<lb></lb>the Meridian Altitudes. </s><s>And in regard that he propoundeth the 

<lb></lb>difficulty, and doth not anſwer it, it muſt needs be, if not im­

<lb></lb>poſſible, at leaſt very difficult to be reſolved.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg653"></margin.target>Ariſtotles <emph type="italics"></emph>argu­

<lb></lb>ment againſt the 

<lb></lb>Ancients, who held 

<lb></lb>that the Earth 

<lb></lb>was a Planet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The ſtreſſe and ſtrength of the knot rendereth the 

<lb></lb>ſolution thereof more commendable and admirable; but I do 

<lb></lb>not promiſe you the ſame at this time, and pray you to diſpenſe 

<lb></lb>with me therein till too morrow, and for the preſent we will go 

<lb></lb>conſidering and explaining thoſe mutations and differences that 

<lb></lb>by means of the annual motion ought to be diſcerned in the fix­

<lb></lb>ed ſtars, like as even now we ſaid, for the explication whereof 

<lb></lb>certain preparatory points offer themſelves, which may facili­

<lb></lb>tate the anſwer to the grand objection. </s><s>Now reaſſuming the 

<lb></lb>two motions aſcribed to the Earth (two I ſay, for the third is 

<lb></lb>no motion, as in its place I will declare) that is the annual and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg654"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>diurnal, the firſt is to be underſtood to be made by the centre of 

<lb></lb>the Earth in or about the circumference of the grand Orb, that 

<lb></lb>is of a very great circle deſcribed in the plain of the fixed and 

<lb></lb>immutable Ecliptick; the other, namely the diurnal, is made 

<lb></lb>by the Globe of the Earth in it ſelf about its own centre, and 

<lb></lb>own Axis, not erect, but inclined to the Plane of the Ecliptick, 

<lb></lb>with the inclination of 23. degrees and an half, or thereabouts, 

<lb></lb>the which inclination is maintained all the year about, and that 

<lb></lb>which ought eſpecially to be obſerved, is alwayes ſituate to­

<lb></lb>wards the ſame point of Heaven: in ſo much that the Axis of the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg655"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>diurnal motion doth alwayes remain parallel to it ſelf; ſo that 

<lb></lb>if we imagine that ſame Axis to be continued out until it reach 

<lb></lb>the fixed ſtars, whilſt the centre of the Earth is encircling the 

<lb></lb>whole Ecliptick in a year, the ſaid Axis deſcribeth the ſuper­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/355.jpg" pagenum="345"></pb>ficies of an oblique Cylinder, which hath for one of its baſes 

<lb></lb>the ſaid annual circle, and for the other a like circle imagina­

<lb></lb>rily deſcribed by its extremity, or, (if you will) Pole, amongſt 

<lb></lb>the fixed ſtars. </s><s>And this ſame cylinder is oblique to the Plane of 

<lb></lb>the Ecliptick, according to the inclination of the Axis that de­

<lb></lb>ſcribeth it, which we have ſaid to be 23 degrees and an half, 

<lb></lb>the which continuing perpetually the ſame (ſave onely, that in 

<lb></lb>many thouſands of years it maketh ſome very ſmall mutation, 

<lb></lb>which nothing importeth in our preſent buſineſſe) cauſeth that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg656"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the Terreſtrial Globe doth never more incline or elevate, but 

<lb></lb>ſtill conſerveth the ſame ſtate without mutation. </s><s>From whence 

<lb></lb>enſueth, that as to what pertaineth to the mutations to be ob­

<lb></lb>ſerved in the fixed ſtars dependant on the ſole annual motion, 

<lb></lb>the ſame ſhall happen to any point whatſoever of the Earths 

<lb></lb>ſurface, as befalleth unto the centre of the Earth it ſelf; and 

<lb></lb>therefore in the preſent explanations we will make uſe of the 

<lb></lb>centre, as if it were any whatſoever point of the ſuperficies. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And for a more facile underſtanding of the whole, let us deſign 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg657"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the ſame in lineal figures: And firſt of all let us deſcribe in the 

<lb></lb>Plane of the Ecliptick the circle A N B O [<emph type="italics"></emph>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7.] and let 

<lb></lb>us underſtand the points A and B, to be the extreams towards 

<lb></lb>the North and South; that is, the beginning of [<emph type="italics"></emph>or entrance into<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>] 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Cancer<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or <emph type="italics"></emph>Capricorn,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and let us prolong the Diameter A B, in­

<lb></lb>determinately by D and C towards the Starry Sphere. </s><s>I ſay 

<lb></lb>now in the firſt place, that none of the fixed ſtars placed in the 

<lb></lb>Ecliptick, ſhall ever vary elevation, by reaſon of any whatſo­

<lb></lb>ever mutation made by the Earth along the ſaid Plane of the 

<lb></lb>Ecliptick, but ſhall alwayes appear in the ſame ſuperficies, al­

<lb></lb>though the Earth ſhall approach and recede as great a ſpace as is 

<lb></lb>that of the diameter of the Grand Orb, as may plainly be 

<lb></lb>ſeen in the ſaid figure. </s><s>For whether the Earth be in the point 

<lb></lb>A or in B, the ſtar C alwayes appeareth in the ſame line A B C; 

<lb></lb>although the diſtance B C, be leſſe than A C, by the whole 

<lb></lb>diameter A B. </s><s>The moſt therefore that can be diſcovered in the 

<lb></lb>ſtar C, and in any other placed in the Ecliptick, is the aug­

<lb></lb>mented or diminiſhed apparent magnitude, by reaſon of the ap­

<lb></lb>proximation or receſſion of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg654"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The annual mo­

<lb></lb>tion made by the 

<lb></lb>centre of the Earth 

<lb></lb>under the Eclip­

<lb></lb>tick and the diur­

<lb></lb>nal motion made 

<lb></lb>by the Earth about 

<lb></lb>its own centre.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg655"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The axis of the 

<lb></lb>Earth continueth 

<lb></lb>alwayes parallel to 

<lb></lb>it ſelf, and deſcri­

<lb></lb>beth a Cylindrai­

<lb></lb>cal ſuperficies, in­

<lb></lb>clining to the 

<lb></lb>grand Orb.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg656"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Orb of the 

<lb></lb>Earth never incli­

<lb></lb>neth, but is im­

<lb></lb>mutably the ſame.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg657"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The fixed ſtars 

<lb></lb>placed in the E­

<lb></lb>cliptick never ele­

<lb></lb>vate nor deſcend, 

<lb></lb>on account of the 

<lb></lb>annual motion, but 

<lb></lb>yet approach and 

<lb></lb>recede.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Stay a while I pray you, for I meet with a certain 

<lb></lb>ſcruple, which much troubleth me, and it is this: That the ſtar 

<lb></lb>C may be ſeen by the ſame line A B C, as wel when the Earth 

<lb></lb>is in A, as when it is in B, I underſtand very well, as alſo fur­

<lb></lb>thermore I apprehend that the ſame would happen in all the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg658"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>points of the line A B, ſo long as the Earth ſhould paſſe from A 

<lb></lb>to B by the ſaid line; but it paſſing thither, as is to be ſuppoſed, 

<lb></lb>by the arch A N B, it is manifeſt that when it ſhall be in the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/356.jpg" pagenum="346"></pb>point N, and in any other except thoſe two A and B, the ſaid 

<lb></lb>ſtar ſhall no longer be obſerved in the line A B; but in others. 

<lb></lb></s><s>So that, if the appearing under ſeveral lines ought to cauſe 

<lb></lb>apparent mutations, ſome difference muſt needs appear in 

<lb></lb>this caſe. </s><s>Nay more, I will ſpeak it with that Philoſophical 

<lb></lb>freedom, which ought to be allowed amongſt Philoſophick 

<lb></lb>friends, methinks that you, contradicting your ſelf, deny that 

<lb></lb>now, which but even now to our admiration, you proved to be 

<lb></lb>really true, and conſiderable; I mean that which happeneth in 

<lb></lb>the Planets, and particularly in the three ſuperiour ones, that 

<lb></lb>being conſtantly in the Ecliptick, or very near unto it, do not 

<lb></lb>onely ſhew themſelves one while near unto us, and another 

<lb></lb>while remote, but ſo deformed in their regular motions, that 

<lb></lb>they ſeem ſometimes immoveable, and ſometimes many de­

<lb></lb>grees retrograde; and all upon no other occaſion than the an­

<lb></lb>nual motion of the Earth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg658"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Objections againſt 

<lb></lb>the Earths annual 

<lb></lb>motion taken from 

<lb></lb>the fixed stars 

<lb></lb>placed in the E­

<lb></lb>cliptick.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Though by a thouſand accidents I have been hereto­

<lb></lb>fore aſſured of the wittineſſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> yet I had a deſire by 

<lb></lb>this one experiment more to aſcertain me of what I may expect 

<lb></lb>from his ingenuity, and all this for my own intereſt, for in caſe 

<lb></lb>my Propoſitions ſtand but proof againſt the hammer and fur­

<lb></lb>nace of his judgment, I ſhall be confident that they will abide 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg659"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the ^{*} teſt of all Touch-ſtones. </s><s>I ſay therefore that I had pur­

<lb></lb>poſely diſſembled this objection, but yet not with any intent to 

<lb></lb>deceive you, and to put any falſhood upon you, as it might 

<lb></lb>have happened if the objection by me diſguiſed, and by you o­

<lb></lb>ver-lookt, had been the ſame in effect as it ſeemed to be in ap­

<lb></lb>pearance, that is, really valid and concluſive; but it is not ſo; 

<lb></lb>nay I rather ſuſpect that to try me, you make as if you did not 

<lb></lb>ſee its nullity. </s><s>But I will herein be too hard for you, and force 

<lb></lb>from your tongue, that which you would ſo artificially conceal; 

<lb></lb>and therefore tell me, what that thing ſhould be, whereby you 

<lb></lb>come to know the ſtation and retrogradation of the Planets, 

<lb></lb>which is derived from the annual motion, aud which is ſo great, 

<lb></lb>that at leaſt ſome foot-ſteps of ſuch an effect ought to appear in 

<lb></lb>the ſtars of the Ecliptick?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg659"></margin.target>* Or will prove 

<lb></lb>of good alloy.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This demand of yours containeth two queſtions, to 

<lb></lb>which it is neceſſary that I make reply; the firſt relates to the 

<lb></lb>imputation which you lay upon me of a Diſſembler; the other 

<lb></lb>concerneth that which may appear in the ſtars, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> As to the 

<lb></lb>firſt, I will ſay with your permiſſion, that it is not true, that I 

<lb></lb>have diſſembled my knowing the nullity of that objection; and 

<lb></lb>to aſſure you of the ſame, I now tell you that I very well under­

<lb></lb>ſtand the nullity thereof.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But yet I do not underſtand how it can be, that you 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/357.jpg" pagenum="347"></pb>ſpake not friendly, when you ſaid you did not know that ſame 

<lb></lb>fallacy which you now confeſſe that you know very well.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The very confeſſion of knowing it may aſſure you 

<lb></lb>that I did not diſſemble, when I ſaid that I did not underſtand it; 

<lb></lb>for if I had had a mind, and would diſſemble, who could hin­

<lb></lb>der me from continuing in the ſame ſimulation, and denying ſtill 

<lb></lb>that I underſtand the fallacy? </s><s>I ſay therefore that I underſtood 

<lb></lb>not the ſame, at that time, but that I do now at this preſent ap­

<lb></lb>prehend it, for that you have prompted my intellect, firſt by 

<lb></lb>telling me reſolutely that it is <emph type="italics"></emph>null,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and then by beginning to 

<lb></lb>queſtion me ſo at large what thing that might be, whereby I 

<lb></lb>might come to know the ſtation and retrogradation of the Pla­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg660"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>nets; and becauſe this is known by comparing them with the fix­

<lb></lb>ed ſtars, in relation to which, they are ſeen to vary their mo­

<lb></lb>tions, one while towards the Weſt, and another towards the 

<lb></lb>Eaſt, and ſometimes to abide immoveable; and becauſe there 

<lb></lb>is not any thing above the Starry Sphere, immenſely more remote 

<lb></lb>from us, and viſible unto us, wherewith we may compare our 

<lb></lb>fixed ſtars, therefore we cannot diſcover in the fixed ſtars any 

<lb></lb>foot-ſteps of what appeareth to us in the Planets. </s><s>This I believe 

<lb></lb>is the ſubſtance of that which you would force from me.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg660"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſtation, di­

<lb></lb>rection and retro­

<lb></lb>gradation of the 

<lb></lb>Planets is known, 

<lb></lb>in relation to the 

<lb></lb>fixed ſtars.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is ſo, with the addition moreover of your admi­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg661"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>rable ingenuity; and if with half a word I did open your eyes, 

<lb></lb>you by the like have remembred me that it is not altogether im­

<lb></lb>poſſible, but that ſometime or other ſomething obſervable may 

<lb></lb>be found amongſt the fixed ſtars, by which it may be gathered 

<lb></lb>wherein the annual converſion reſides, ſo as that they alſo no 

<lb></lb>leſſe than the Planets and Sun it ſelf, may appear in judgment to 

<lb></lb>bear witneſſe of that motion, in favour of the Earth; for I do not 

<lb></lb>think that the ſtas are ſpread in a ſpherical ſuperficies equally re­

<lb></lb>mote from a common centre, but hold, that their diſtances from 

<lb></lb>us are ſo various, that ſome of them may be twice and thrice as 

<lb></lb>remote as others; ſo that if with the Teleſcope one ſhould ob­

<lb></lb>ſerve a very ſmall ſtar neer to one of the bigger, and which 

<lb></lb>therefore was very exceeding high, it might happen that ſome 

<lb></lb>ſenſible mutation might fall out between them, correſpondent 

<lb></lb>to that of the ſuperiour Planets. </s><s>And ſo much ſhall ſerve to have 

<lb></lb>ſpoken at this time touching the ſtars placed in the Ecliptick. 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg662"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Let us now come to the fixed ſtars, placed out of the Ecliptick, 

<lb></lb>and let us ſuppoſe a great circle erect upor [<emph type="italics"></emph>i. </s><s>e. </s><s>at right angles 

<lb></lb>to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>] the Plane of the ^{*} ſame; and let it, for example, be a cir­

<lb></lb>cle that in the Starry Sphere anſwers to the Solſtitial Colure, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg663"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>and let us mark it C E H [<emph type="italics"></emph>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8.] which ſhall happen to be 

<lb></lb>withal a Meridian, and in it we will take a ſtar without the Eclip­

<lb></lb>tick, which let be E. </s><s>Now this ſtar will indeed vary its elevati­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/358.jpg" pagenum="348"></pb>on upon the Earths motion; for from the Earth in A it ſhall be 

<lb></lb>ſeen according to the ray A E, with the elevation of the angle 

<lb></lb>E A C; but from the Earth placed in B, it ſhall be ſeen ac­

<lb></lb>cording to the ray B E, with the elevation of the angle E B C, 

<lb></lb>bigger than the other E A C, that being extern, and this in­

<lb></lb>tern and oppoſite in the triangle E A B, the diſtance therefore 

<lb></lb>of the ſtar E from the Ecliptick, ſhall appear changed; and 

<lb></lb>likewiſe its altitude in the Meridian ſhall become greater in the 

<lb></lb>poſition B, than in the place A, according as the angle E B C 

<lb></lb>exceeds the angle E A C, which exceſſe is the quantity of the 

<lb></lb>angle A E B: For in the triangle E A B, the ſide A B being 

<lb></lb>continued to C, the exteriour angle E B C (as being equal to 

<lb></lb>the two interiour and oppoſite E and A) exceedeth the ſaid an­

<lb></lb>gle A, by the quantity of the angle <emph type="italics"></emph>E.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And if we ſhould take 

<lb></lb>another ſtar in the ſame Meridian, more remote from the Ecli­

<lb></lb>ptick, as for inſtance the ſtar H, the diverſity in it ſhall be 

<lb></lb>greater by being obſerved from the two ſtations A and B, accor­

<lb></lb>ding as the angle A H B is greater than the other <emph type="italics"></emph>E<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; which an­

<lb></lb>gle ſhall encreaſe continually according as the obſerved ſtar ſhall 

<lb></lb>be farther and farther from the Ecliptick, till that at laſt the 

<lb></lb>greateſt mutation will appear in that ſtar that ſhould be placed in 

<lb></lb>the very Pole of the Ecliptick. </s><s>As for a full underſtanding there­

<lb></lb>of we thus demonſtrate. </s><s>Suppoſe the diameter of the Grand 

<lb></lb>Orb to be A B, whoſe centre [<emph type="italics"></emph>in the ſame Figure<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>] is G, and 

<lb></lb>let it be ſuppoſed to be continued out as far as the Starry Sphere 

<lb></lb>in the points D and C, and from the centre G let there be erected 

<lb></lb>the Axis of the Ecliptick G F, prolonged till it arrive at the ſaid 

<lb></lb>Sphere, in which a Meridian D F C is ſuppoſed to be deſcribed, 

<lb></lb>that ſhall be perpendicular to the Plane of the Ecliptick; and 

<lb></lb>in the arch F C any points H and <emph type="italics"></emph>E,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are imagined to be taken, 

<lb></lb>as places of fixed ſtars: Let the lines F A, F B, A H, H G, 

<lb></lb>H B, A <emph type="italics"></emph>E,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> G <emph type="italics"></emph>E,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> B <emph type="italics"></emph>E,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> be conjoyned. </s><s>And let the angle of dif­

<lb></lb>ference, or, if you will, the Parallax of the ſtar placed in the 

<lb></lb>Pole F, be A F B, and let that of the ſtar placed in H, be the 

<lb></lb>angle A H <emph type="italics"></emph>B,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and let that of the ſtar in <emph type="italics"></emph>E,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> be the angle 

<lb></lb>A <emph type="italics"></emph>E<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> B. </s><s>I ſay, that the angle of difference of the Polar ſtar F, is 

<lb></lb>the greateſt, and that of the reſt, thoſe that are nearer to the 

<lb></lb>greateſt are bigger than the more remote; that is to ſay, that the 

<lb></lb>angle F is bigger than the angle H, and this bigger than the angle 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>E.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Now about the triangle F A B, let us ſuppoſe a circle to be de­

<lb></lb>ſcribed. </s><s>And becauſe the angle F is acute, (by reaſon that its baſe 

<lb></lb>AB is leſſe than the diameter DC, of the ſemicircle D F C) it ſhall 

<lb></lb>be placed in the greater portion of the circumſcribed circle cut 

<lb></lb>by the baſe A B. </s><s>And becauſe the ſaid A B is divided in the 

<lb></lb>midſt, and at right angles by F G, the centre of the circumſcri­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/359.jpg" pagenum="349"></pb>bed circle ſhall be in the line F G, which let be the point I; and 

<lb></lb>becauſe that of ſuch lines as are drawn from the point G, which 

<lb></lb>is not the centre, unto the circumference of the circumſcribed 

<lb></lb>circle, the biggeſt is that which paſſeth by the centre, G F ſhall 

<lb></lb>be bigger than any other that is drawn from the point G, to the 

<lb></lb>circumference of the ſaid circle; and therefore that circumfe­

<lb></lb>rence will cut the line G H (which is equal to the line G F) and 

<lb></lb>cutting G H, it will alſo cut A H. </s><s>Let it cut it in L, and con­

<lb></lb>joyn the line L B. </s><s>Theſe two angles, therefore, A F B and A L B 

<lb></lb>ſhall be equal, as being in the ſame portion of the circle cir­

<lb></lb>cumſcribed. </s><s>But A L B external, is bigger than the internal H; 

<lb></lb>therefore the angle F is bigger than the angle H. </s><s>And by the 

<lb></lb>ſame method we might demonſtrate the angle H to be bigger 

<lb></lb>than the angle E, becauſe that of the circle deſcribed about the 

<lb></lb>triangle A H B, the centre is in the perpendicular G F, to which 

<lb></lb>the line G H is nearer than the line G E, and therefore the cir­

<lb></lb>cumference of it cutteth G E, and alſo A E, whereupon the pro­

<lb></lb>poſition is manifeſt. </s><s>We will conclude from hence, that the dif­

<lb></lb>ference of appearance, (which with the proper term of art, we 

<lb></lb>might call the Parallax of the fixed ſtars) is greater, or leſſe, ac­

<lb></lb>cording as the Stars obſerved are more or leſſe adjacent to the 

<lb></lb>Pole of the Ecliptick, ſo that, in concluſion of thoſe Stars that 

<lb></lb>are in the Ecliptick it ſelf, the ſaid diverſity is reduced to nothing. 

<lb></lb></s><s>In the next place, as to the Earths acceſſion by that motion to, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg664"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>or receſſion from the Stars, it appeareth to, and recedeth from 

<lb></lb>thoſe that are in the Ecliptick, the quantity of the whole diame­

<lb></lb>ter of the grand Orb, as we did ſee even now, but that acceſſion 

<lb></lb>or receſſion to, or from the ſtars about the Pole of the Ecliptick, 

<lb></lb>is almoſt nothing; and in going to and from others, this diffe­

<lb></lb>rence groweth greater, according as they are neerer to the Eclip­

<lb></lb>tick. </s><s>We may, in the third place, know, that the ſaid difference 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg665"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of Aſpect groweth greater or leſſer, according as the Star obſer­

<lb></lb>ved ſhall be neerer to us, or farther from us. </s><s>For if we draw a­

<lb></lb>nother Meridian, leſſe diſtant from the Earth; as for example, 

<lb></lb>this D F I [<emph type="italics"></emph>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7.] a Star placed in F, and ſeen by the ſame 

<lb></lb>ray A F E, the Earth being in A, would, in caſe it ſhould be ob­

<lb></lb>ſerved from the Earth in B, appear according to the ray B F, and 

<lb></lb>would make the angle of difference, namely, B F A, bigger 

<lb></lb>than the former A E B, being the exteriour angle of the trian­

<lb></lb>gle B F E.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg661"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An Indice in 

<lb></lb>the fixed ſtars like 

<lb></lb>to that which is 

<lb></lb>ſeen in the Pla­

<lb></lb>nets, is an argu­

<lb></lb>ment of the Earths 

<lb></lb>annual motion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg662"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The fixed ſtars 

<lb></lb>without the Eclip­

<lb></lb>tick elevate and 

<lb></lb>deſcend more or 

<lb></lb>leſſe, according to 

<lb></lb>their diſtance from 

<lb></lb>the ſaid Ecliptick.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg663"></margin.target>* <emph type="italics"></emph>i. </s><s>e.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the E­

<lb></lb>cliptick.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg664"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Earth ap­

<lb></lb>proacheth or rece­

<lb></lb>deth from the fix­

<lb></lb>ed ſtars of the E­

<lb></lb>cliptick, the quan­

<lb></lb>tity of the Dinme­

<lb></lb>ter of the Grand 

<lb></lb>Orb.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg665"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſtars near­

<lb></lb>er to us make 

<lb></lb>greater differences 

<lb></lb>than the more re­

<lb></lb>more.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>With great delight, and alſo benefit have I heard 

<lb></lb>your diſcourſe; and that I may be certain, whether I have right­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg666"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ly underſtood the ſame, I ſhall give you the ſumme of the Con­

<lb></lb>cluſions in a few words. </s><s>As I take it, you have explained to us 

<lb></lb>the different appearances, that by means of the Earths annual mo­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/360.jpg" pagenum="350"></pb>tion, may be by us obſerved in the fixed ſtars to be of two 

<lb></lb>kinds: The one is, that of their apparent magnitudes varied, ac­

<lb></lb>cording as we, tranſported by the Earth, approach or recede 

<lb></lb>from the ſame: The other (which likewiſe dependeth on the 

<lb></lb>ſame acceſſion and reeeſſion) their appearing unto us in the 

<lb></lb>ſame Meridian, one while more elevated, and another while leſſe. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Moreover, you tell us (and I underſtand it very well) that the 

<lb></lb>one and other of theſe mutations are not made alike in all the 

<lb></lb>ſtars, but in ſome greater, and in others leſſer, and in others not 

<lb></lb>at all. </s><s>The acceſſion and receſſion whereby the ſame ſtar ought 

<lb></lb>to appear, one while bigger, and another while leſſer, is inſenſi­

<lb></lb>ble, and almoſt nothing in the ſtars neer unto the pole of the E­

<lb></lb>cliptick, but is greateſt in the ſtars placed in the Ecliptick it ſelf, 

<lb></lb>and indifferent in the intermediate: the contrary happens in the 

<lb></lb>other difference, that is, the elevation or depreſſion of the ſtars 

<lb></lb>placed in the Ecliptick is nothing at all, greateſt in thoſe neereſt 

<lb></lb>to the Pole of the ſaid Ecliptick, and indifferent in the interme­

<lb></lb>diate. </s><s>Beſides, both theſe differences are more ſenſible in the 

<lb></lb>Stars neereſt to us, in the more remote leſſe ſenſible, and in 

<lb></lb>thoſe that are very far diſtant wholly diſappear. </s><s>This is, as to 

<lb></lb>what concerns my ſelf; it remaineth now, as I conceive, that 

<lb></lb>ſomething be ſaid for the ſatisfaction of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who, as I 

<lb></lb>believe, will not eaſily be made to over-paſſe thoſe differences, 

<lb></lb>as inſenſible that are derived from a motion of the Earth ſo vaſt, 

<lb></lb>and from a mutation that tranſports the Earth into places twice 

<lb></lb>as far diſtant from us as the Sun.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg666"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Epilogue of 

<lb></lb>the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Phænomena 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>of the fixed ſtars 

<lb></lb>cauſed by the an­

<lb></lb>nual motion of the 

<lb></lb>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Truth is, to ſpeak freely, I am very loth to confeſſe, that 

<lb></lb>the diſtance of the fixed Stars ought to be ſuch, that in them the 

<lb></lb>fore-mentioned differences ſhould be wholly imperceptible.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Do notthrow your ſelf into abſolute deſpair, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simpli­

<lb></lb>cius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for there may perhaps yet ſome qualification be found for 

<lb></lb>your difficulties. </s><s>And firſt, that the apparent magnitude of the 

<lb></lb>ſtars is not ſeen to make any ſenſible alteration, ought not to be 

<lb></lb>judged by you a thing improbable, in regard you ſee the gueſſes 

<lb></lb>of men in this particular to be ſo groſſely erroneous, eſpecially in 

<lb></lb>looking upon ſplendid objects; and you your ſelf beholding 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a lighted Torch at the diſtance of 200 paces, if it ap­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg667"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>proach nearer to you 3. or 4. yards, do you think that it will 

<lb></lb>ſhew any whit encreaſed in magnitude? </s><s>I for my part ſhould 

<lb></lb>not perceive it certainly, although it ſhould approach 20. or 

<lb></lb>30. yards nearer; nay it hath ſometimes happened that in ſeeing 

<lb></lb>ſuch a light at that diſtance I know not how to reſolve whether 

<lb></lb>it came towards me, or retreated from me, when as it did in 

<lb></lb>reality approach nearer to me. </s><s>But what need I ſpeak of this? 

<lb></lb></s><s>If the ſelf ſame acceſſion and receſſion (I ſpeak of a diſtance 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/361.jpg" pagenum="351"></pb>twice as great as that from the Sun to us) in the ſtar of <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is 

<lb></lb>almoſt totally imperceptible, and in <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> not very obſerva­

<lb></lb>ble, what ſhall we think of the fixed ſtars, which I believe you 

<lb></lb>will not ſcruple to place twice as far off as <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? </s><s>In <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>which for that it is nearer to us -------</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg667"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>In objects far 

<lb></lb>remote, and lumi­

<lb></lb>nous, a ſmall ap­

<lb></lb>proach or receſſion 

<lb></lb>is imperceptible.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Pray Sir, put your ſelf to no farther trouble in this 

<lb></lb>particular, for I already conceive that what hath been ſpoken 

<lb></lb>touching the unaltered apparent magnitude of the fixed ſtars may 

<lb></lb>very well come to paſſe, but what ſhall we ſay of the other dif­

<lb></lb>ficulty that proceeds from not perceiving any variation in the 

<lb></lb>mutation of aſpect?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We will ſay that which peradventure may ſatisfie 

<lb></lb>you alſo in this particular. </s><s>And to make ſhort, would you not 

<lb></lb>be ſatisfied if there ſhould be diſcovered in the ſtars face muta­

<lb></lb>tions that you think ought to be diſcovered, in caſe the annual 

<lb></lb>motion belonged to the Earth?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I ſhould ſo doubtleſſe, as to what concerns this par­

<lb></lb>ticular.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I could wiſh you would ſay that in caſe ſuch a diffe­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg668"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>rence were diſcovered, nothing more would remain behind, that 

<lb></lb>might render the mobility of the Earth queſtionable. </s><s>But al­

<lb></lb>though yet that ſhould not ſenſibly appear, yet is not its mo­

<lb></lb>bility removed, nor its immobility neceſſarily proved, it being 

<lb></lb>poſſible, (as <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> affirmeth) that the immenſe diſtance of 

<lb></lb>the Starry Sphere rendereth ſuch very ſmall <emph type="italics"></emph>Phænomena<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> unobſer­

<lb></lb>vable; the which as already hath been ſaid, may poſſibly not 

<lb></lb>have been hitherto ſo much as ſought for, or if ſought for, yet 

<lb></lb>not ſought for in ſuch a way as they ought, to wit, with that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg669"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>exactneſſe which to ſo minute a punctuality would be neceſſary; 

<lb></lb>which exactneſſe is very difficult to obtain, as well by reaſon of the 

<lb></lb>deficiency of Aſttonomical Inſtruments, ſubject to many altera­

<lb></lb>tions, as alſo through the fault of thoſe that manage them with leſs 

<lb></lb>diligence then is requiſite. </s><s>A neceſſary argument how little cre­

<lb></lb>dit is to be given to thoſe obſervations may be deduced from the 

<lb></lb>differences which we find amongſt Aſtronomers in aſſigning the 

<lb></lb>places, I will not ſay, of the new Stars or Comets, but of the fixed 

<lb></lb>ſtars themſelves, even to the altitudes of the very Poles, in 

<lb></lb>which, moſt an end, they are found to differ from one another 

<lb></lb>many minutes. </s><s>And to ſpeak the truth, who can in a Quadrant, 

<lb></lb>or Sextant, that at moſt ſhall have its ſide ^{*} 3. or 4. yards long, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg670"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>aſcertain himſelf in the incidence of the perpendicular, or in the 

<lb></lb>direction of the ſights, not to erre two or three minutes, which 

<lb></lb>in its circumference ſhall not amount to the breadth of a grain of 

<lb></lb>^{*}<emph type="italics"></emph>Mylet<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? </s><s>Beſides that, it is almoſt impoſſible, that the Inſtrument 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg671"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſhould be made, and kept with abſolute exactneſſe. <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomey<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/362.jpg" pagenum="352"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg672"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſheweth his diſtruſt of a Spherical Inſtrument compoſed by <emph type="italics"></emph>Ar­

<lb></lb>chimedes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> hiſmelf to take the Suns ingreſſion into the Æqui­

<lb></lb>noctial.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg673"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg668"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>If in the fixed 

<lb></lb>ſtars one ſhould 

<lb></lb>diſcover any an­

<lb></lb>nual mutation, the 

<lb></lb>motion of the 

<lb></lb>Earth would be 

<lb></lb>undeniable.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg669"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is proved what 

<lb></lb>ſmall credit is to be 

<lb></lb>given to Aſtrono­

<lb></lb>mical Inſtruments 

<lb></lb>in minute obſerva­

<lb></lb>tions.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg670"></margin.target>* Braceia Italian.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg671"></margin.target>* Or Mill.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg672"></margin.target>Ptolomy <emph type="italics"></emph>did not 

<lb></lb>truſt to an Inſtru­

<lb></lb>ment made by<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ar­

<lb></lb>chimedes.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg673"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Inſtruments of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Tycho <emph type="italics"></emph>made with 

<lb></lb>great expence.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But if the Inſtruments be ſo ſuſpitious, and the obſer­

<lb></lb>vations ſo dubious, how can we ever come to any certainty of 

<lb></lb>things, or free our ſelves from miſtakes? </s><s>I have heard ſtrange 

<lb></lb>things of the Inſtruments of <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> made with extraordinary coſt, 

<lb></lb>and of his ſingular diligence in obſervations.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>All this I grant you; but neither one nor other of 

<lb></lb>theſe is ſufficient to aſcertain us in a buſineſſe of this importance. </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg674"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>I deſire that we may make uſe of Inſtruments greater by far, and 

<lb></lb>by far certainer than thoſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Tycho,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> made with a very ſmall 

<lb></lb>charge; the ſides of which are of 4. 6. 20. 30. and 50. miles, ſo 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg675"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>as that a degree is a mile broad, a minute prim. </s><s>50 ^{*} yards, a 

<lb></lb>ſecond but little leſſe than a yard, and in ſhort we may without 

<lb></lb>a farthing expence procure them of what bigneſſe we pleaſe. </s><s>I 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg676"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>being in a Countrey Seat of mine near to <emph type="italics"></emph>Florence,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> did plainly 

<lb></lb>obſerve the Suns arrival at, and departure from the Summer 

<lb></lb>Solſtice, whilſt one Evening at the time of its going down it ap­

<lb></lb>peared upon the top of a Rock on the Mountains of <emph type="italics"></emph>Pictrapana,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>about 60. miles from thence, leaving diſcovered of it a ſmall 

<lb></lb>ſtreak or filament towards the North, whoſe breadth was not 

<lb></lb>the hundredth part of its Diameter; and the following Evening 

<lb></lb>at the like ſetting, it ſhew&#039;d ſuch another part of it, but notably 

<lb></lb>more ſmall, a neceſſary argument, that it had begun to recede 

<lb></lb>from the Tropick; and the regreſſion of the Sun from the firſt to 

<lb></lb>the ſecond obſervation, doth not import doubtleſſe a ſecond mi­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg677"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>nute in the Eaſt. </s><s>The obſervation made afterwards with an ex­

<lb></lb>quiſite Teleſcope, and that multiplyeth the <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſcus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the Sun 

<lb></lb>more than a thouſand times, would prove eaſie, and with all 

<lb></lb>delightful. </s><s>Now with ſuch an Inſtrument as this, I would have 

<lb></lb>obſervations to be made in the fixed ſtars, making uſe of ſome 

<lb></lb>of thoſe wherein the mutation ought to appear more conſpicu­

<lb></lb>ous, ſuch as are (as hath already been declared) the more re­

<lb></lb>mote from the Ecliptick, amongſt which the Harp a very great 

<lb></lb>ſtar, and near to the Pole of the Ecliptick, would be very pro­

<lb></lb>per in Countries far North, proceeding according to the man­

<lb></lb>ner that I ſhall ſhew by and by, but in the uſe of another ſtar; 

<lb></lb>and I have already fancied to my ſelf a place very well adapted 

<lb></lb>for ſuch an obſervation. </s><s>The place is an open Plane, upon 

<lb></lb>which towards the North there riſeth a very eminent Mountain, 

<lb></lb>in the apex or top whereof is built a little Chappel, ſituate Eaſt 

<lb></lb>and Weſt, ſo as that the ridg of its Roof may interſect at right 

<lb></lb>angles, the meridian of ſome building ſtanding in the Plane. </s><s>I 

<lb></lb>will place a beam parallel to the ſaid ridg, or top of the Roof, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/363.jpg" pagenum="353"></pb>and diſtant from it a yard or thereabouts. </s><s>This being placed, I 

<lb></lb>will ſeek in the Plain the place from whence one of the ſtars of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Charls&#039;s<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Waine, in paſſing by the Meridian, cometh to hide it 

<lb></lb>ſelf behind the beam ſo placed, or in caſe the beam ſhould not 

<lb></lb>be ſo big as to hide the ſtar, I will finde a ſtation where one 

<lb></lb>may ſee the ſaid beam to cut the ſaid ſtar into two equal parts; 

<lb></lb>an effect that with an ^{*} exquiſite Teleſcope may be perfectly 

<lb></lb>diſcerned. </s><s>And if in the place where the ſaid accident is diſcover­

<lb></lb>ed, there were ſome building, it will be the more commodious; 

<lb></lb>but if not, I will cauſe a Pole to be ſtuck very faſt in the 

<lb></lb>ground, with ſome ſtanding mark to direct where to place the 

<lb></lb>eye anew, when ever I have a mind to repeat the obſervation. 

<lb></lb></s><s>The firſt of which obſervations I will make about the Summer 

<lb></lb>Solſtice, to continue afterwards from Moneth to Moneth, or 

<lb></lb>when I ſhall ſo pleaſe, to the other Solſtice; with which obſer­

<lb></lb>vation one may diſcover the elevation and depreſſion of the ſtar, 

<lb></lb>though it be very ſmall. </s><s>And if in that operation it ſhall hap­

<lb></lb>pen, that any mutation ſhall diſcover it ſelf, what and how great 

<lb></lb>benefit will it bring to Aſtronomy? </s><s>Seeing that thereby, beſides 

<lb></lb>our being aſſured of the annual motion, we may come to know 

<lb></lb>the grandure and diſtance of the ſame ſtar.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg674"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>What Inſtru­

<lb></lb>ments are apt for 

<lb></lb>moſt exact obſer­

<lb></lb>vation.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg675"></margin.target>* Italian braces.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg676"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An exquiſite 

<lb></lb>obſervation of the 

<lb></lb>approach and de­

<lb></lb>parture of the Sun 

<lb></lb>from the Summer 

<lb></lb>Solſtice.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg677"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A place aecom­

<lb></lb>modated for the 

<lb></lb>obſervation of the 

<lb></lb>fixed ſtars, as to 

<lb></lb>what concers the 

<lb></lb>annual motion of 

<lb></lb>the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I very well comprehend your whole proceedings; 

<lb></lb>and the operation ſeems to me ſo eaſie, and ſo commodious for 

<lb></lb>the purpoſe, that it may very rationally be thought, that either 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf, or ſome other Aſtronomer had made trial 

<lb></lb>of it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But I judg the quite contrary, for it is not probable, 

<lb></lb>that if any one had experimented it, he would not have men­

<lb></lb>tioned the event, whether it fell out in favour of this, or that 

<lb></lb>opinion; beſides that, no man that I can find, either for this, 

<lb></lb>or any other end, did ever go about to make ſuch an Obſervati­

<lb></lb>on; which alſo without an exact Teleſcope could but badly be 

<lb></lb>effected.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I am fully ſatisfied with what you ſay. </s><s>But ſeeing 

<lb></lb>that it is a great while to night, if you defire that I ſhall paſſe 

<lb></lb>the ſame quietly, let it not be a trouble to you to explain unto 

<lb></lb>us thoſe Problems, the declaration whereof you did even now 

<lb></lb>requeſt might be deferred until too morrow. </s><s>Be pleaſed to grant 

<lb></lb>us your promiſed indulgence, and, laying aſide all other diſcour­

<lb></lb>ſes, proceed to ſhew us, that the motions which <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> aſſigns 

<lb></lb>to the Earth being taken for granted, and ſuppoſing the Sun 

<lb></lb>and fixed ſtars immoveable, there may follow the ſame acci­

<lb></lb>dents touching the elevations and depreſſions of the Sun, touch­

<lb></lb>ing the mutations of the Seaſons, and the inequality of dayes 

<lb></lb>and nights, <emph type="italics"></emph>&amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in the ſelf ſame manner, juſt as they are with 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/364.jpg" pagenum="345[354]"></pb>facility apprehended in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Prolomaick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Syſteme.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I neither ought, nor can deny any thing that <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>ſhall requeſt: And the delay by me deſired was to no other end, 

<lb></lb>ſave only that I might have time once again to methodize thoſe 

<lb></lb>prefatory points, in my fancy, that ſerve for a large and plain de­

<lb></lb>claration of the manner how the forenamed accidents follow, as 

<lb></lb>well in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> poſition, as in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomaick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: nay, with 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg678"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>much greater facility and ſimplicity in that than in this. </s><s>Whence 

<lb></lb>one may manifeſtly conceive that Hypotheſis to be as eaſie to be 

<lb></lb>effected by nature, as difficult to be apprehended by the under­

<lb></lb>ſtanding: yet nevertheleſſe, I hope by making uſe of another 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg679"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>kind of explanation, than that uſed by <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to render like­

<lb></lb>wiſe the apprehending of it ſomewhat leſſe obſcure. </s><s>Which 

<lb></lb>that I may do, I will propoſe certain ſuppoſitions of themſelves 

<lb></lb>known and manifeſt, and they ſhall be theſe that follow.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg678"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Coperni­

<lb></lb>can <emph type="italics"></emph>Syſteme diffi­

<lb></lb>cult to be under­

<lb></lb>ſtood, but eaſie to 

<lb></lb>be effected.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg679"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Neceſſary pre­

<lb></lb>poſitions for the 

<lb></lb>better conceiving 

<lb></lb>of the conſequences 

<lb></lb>of the Earths mo­

<lb></lb>tion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>Firſt, I ſuppoſe that the Earth is a ſpherical body, turning 

<lb></lb>round upon its own Axis and Poles, and that each point aſſigned 

<lb></lb>in its ſuperficies, deſcribeth the circumference of a circle, great­

<lb></lb>er or leſſer, according as the point aſſigned ſhall be neerer or 

<lb></lb>farther from the Poles: And that of theſe circles the greateſt is 

<lb></lb>that which is deſcribed by a point equidiſtant from the ſaid Poles; 

<lb></lb>and all theſe circles are parallel to each other; and <emph type="italics"></emph>Parallels<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> we 

<lb></lb>will call them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Secondly, The Earth being of a Spherical Figure, and of an o­

<lb></lb>pacous ſubſtance, it is continually illuminated by the Sun, accor­

<lb></lb>ding to the half of its ſurface, the other half remaining obſcure, 

<lb></lb>and the boundary that diſtinguiſheth the illuminated part from 

<lb></lb>the dark being a grand circle, we will call that circle the <emph type="italics"></emph>termi­

<lb></lb>nator of the light.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>Thirdly, If the Circle that is terminator of the light ſhould 

<lb></lb>paſſe by the Poles of the Earth, it would cut (being a grand 

<lb></lb>and principal circle) all the parallels into equal parts; but not 

<lb></lb>paſſing by the Poles, it would cut them all in parts unequal, ex­

<lb></lb>cept only the circle in the middle, which, as being a grand circle 

<lb></lb>will be cut into equal parts.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Fourthly, The Earth turning round upon its own Poles, the 

<lb></lb>quantities of dayes and nights are termined by the arches of the 

<lb></lb>Parallels, interſected by the circle, that is, the terminator of the 

<lb></lb>light, and the arch that is ſcituate in the illuminated Hemiſphere 

<lb></lb>preſcribeth the length of the day, and the remainer is the quan­

<lb></lb>tity of the night.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Theſe things being preſuppoſed, for the more clear under­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg680"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſtanding of that which remaines to be ſaid, we will lay it down 

<lb></lb>in a Figure. </s><s>And firſt, we will draw the circumference of a 

<lb></lb>circle, that ſhall repreſent unto us that of the grand Orb deſcri­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/365.jpg" pagenum="355"></pb>bed in the plain of the Ecliptick, and this we will divide into 

<lb></lb>four equal parts with the two diameters <emph type="italics"></emph>Capricorn Cancer,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Libra Aries,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which, at the ſame time, ſhall repreſent unto us the 

<lb></lb>four Cardinal points, that is, the two Solſtices, and the two E­

<lb></lb>quinoctials; and in the centre of that circle we will place the 

<lb></lb>Sun O, fixed and immoveable.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg680"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A plain Scheme 

<lb></lb>repreſenting the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Copernican <emph type="italics"></emph>Hypo­

<lb></lb>theſis, and its con­

<lb></lb>ſequences.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.065.01.365.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/365/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"><s>Let us next draw about the four points, Capricorn, Cancer, 

<lb></lb>Libra and Aries, as centres, four equal circles, which repreſent 

<lb></lb>unto us the Earth placed in them at four ſeveral times of the 

<lb></lb>year. </s><s>The which, with its centre, in the ſpace of a year, paſſeth 

<lb></lb>through the whole circumference, Capricorn, Aries, Cancer, Li­

<lb></lb>bra, moving from Eaſt to Weſt, that is, according to the order 

<lb></lb>of the Signes. </s><s>It is already manifeſt, that whilſt the Earth is in 

<lb></lb>Capricorn, the Sun will appear in Cancer, and the Earth moving 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg681"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>along the arch Capricorn Aries, the Sun will ſeem to move along 

<lb></lb>the arch Cancer Libra, and in ſhort, will run thorow the Zodiack 

<lb></lb>according to the order of the Signes, in the ſpace of a year; and 

<lb></lb>by this firſt aſſumption, without all queſtion, full ſatisfaction is 

<lb></lb>given for the Suns apparent annual motion under the Ecliptick. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Now, coming to the other, that is, the diurnal motion of the 

<lb></lb>Earth in it ſelf, it is neceſſary to eſtabliſh its Poles and its Axis, 

<lb></lb>the which muſt be underſtood not to be erect perpendicularly 

<lb></lb>upon the plain of the Ecliptick, that is, not to be parallel to the 

<lb></lb>Axis of the grand Orb, but declining from a right angle 23 de­

<lb></lb>grees and an half, or thereabouts, with its North Pole towards 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/366.jpg" pagenum="356"></pb>the Axis of the grand Orb, the Earths centre being in the Solſti­

<lb></lb>tial point of Capricorn. </s><s>Suppoſing therefore the Terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe to have its centre in the point Capricorn, we will deſcribe 

<lb></lb>its Poles and Axis A B, inclined upon the diameter Capricorn 

<lb></lb>Cancer 23 degrees and an half; ſo that the angle A Capricorn 

<lb></lb>Cancer cometh to be the complement of a Quadrant or Radius, 

<lb></lb>that is, 66 degrees and an half; and this inclination muſt be un­

<lb></lb>derſtood to be immutable, and we will ſuppoſe the ſuperiour 

<lb></lb>Pole A to be Boreal, or North, and the other Auſtral, or South. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Now imagining the Earth to revolve in it ſelf about the Axis A B 

<lb></lb>in twenty four hours, from Weſt to Eaſt, there ſhall by all the 

<lb></lb>points aſſigned in its ſuperſicies, be circles deſcribed parallel to 

<lb></lb>each other. </s><s>We will draw, in this firſt poſition of the Earth, 

<lb></lb>the greateſt C D, and thoſe two diſtant from it <emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 23. and an 

<lb></lb>half, E F above, and G M beneath, and the other two extream 

<lb></lb>ones I K and L M remote, by thoſe intervals from the Poles A 

<lb></lb>and B; and as we have marked theſe five, ſo we may imagine in­

<lb></lb>numerable others, parallel to theſe, deſcribed by the innumera­

<lb></lb>ble points of the Terreſtrial ſurface. </s><s>Next let us ſuppoſe the 

<lb></lb>Earth, with the annual motion of its centre, to transferre it ſelf 

<lb></lb>into the other places already marked; but to paſſe thither in ſuch 

<lb></lb>a manner, that its own Axis A B ſhall not only not change incli­

<lb></lb>nation upon the plain of the Ecliptick, but ſhall alſo never vary 

<lb></lb>direction; ſo that alwayes keeping parallel to it ſelf, it may 

<lb></lb>continually tend towards the ſame part of the Univerſe, or, if 

<lb></lb>you will, of the Firmament, whereas, if we do but ſuppoſe it 

<lb></lb>prolonged, it will, with its extream termes, deſigne a Circle pa­

<lb></lb>rallel and equal to the grand Orb, Libra Capricorn Aries Cancer, 

<lb></lb>as the ſuperiour baſe of a Cylinder deſcribed by it ſelf in the an­

<lb></lb>nual motion above the inferiour baſe, Libra Capricorn Aries 

<lb></lb>Cancer. </s><s>And therefore this immutability of inclination conti­

<lb></lb>nuing, we will deſign theſe other three figures about the centres 

<lb></lb>Aries, Cancer, and Libra, alike in every thing to that firſt de­

<lb></lb>ſcribed about the centre Capricorn. </s><s>Now we will conſider the 

<lb></lb>firſt figure of the Earth, in which, in regard the Axis A B is de­

<lb></lb>clined from perpendicularity upon the diameter Capricorn Can­

<lb></lb>cer 23 degrees and an half towards the Sun O, and the arch A I 

<lb></lb>being alſo 23 degrees and an half, the illumination of the Sun 

<lb></lb>will illuſtrate the Hemiſphere of the Terreſtrial Globe expoſed 

<lb></lb>towards the Sun (of which, in this place, half is to be ſeen) di­

<lb></lb>vided from the obſcure part by the Terminator of the light 

<lb></lb>I M, by which the parallel C D, as being a grand circle, ſhall 

<lb></lb>come to be divided into equal parts, but all the reſt into parts un­

<lb></lb>equal; being that the terminator of the light I M paſſeth not 

<lb></lb>by their Poles A B, and the parallel I K, together with all the reſt 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/367.jpg" pagenum="357"></pb>deſcribed within the ſame, and neerer to the pole A, ſhall wholly 

<lb></lb>be included in the illuminated part; as on the contrary, the op­

<lb></lb>poſite ones towards the Pole B, contained within the paral­

<lb></lb>lel L M, ſhall remain in the dark. </s><s>Moreover, the arch A I be­

<lb></lb>ing equal to the arch F D, and the arch A F, common to them 

<lb></lb>both, the two arches I K F and A F D ſhall be equal, and each 

<lb></lb>a quadrant or 90 degrees. </s><s>And becauſe the whole arch I F M 

<lb></lb>is a ſemicircle, the arch F M ſhall be a quadrant, and equal to 

<lb></lb>the other F K I; and therefore the Sun O ſhall be in this ſtate 

<lb></lb>of the Earth vertical to one that ſtands in the point F. </s><s>But by 

<lb></lb>the revolution diurnal about the ſtanding Axis A B, all the points 

<lb></lb>of the parallel E F paſſe by the ſame point F: and therefore in 

<lb></lb>that ſame day the Sun, at noon, ſhall be vertical to all the inha­

<lb></lb>bitants of the Parallel E F, and will ſeem to them to deſcribe in its 

<lb></lb>apparent motion the circle which we call the Tropick of Cancer. 

<lb></lb></s><s>But to the inhabitants of all the Parallels that are above the pa­

<lb></lb>rallel E F, towards the North pole A, the Sun declineth from 

<lb></lb>their <emph type="italics"></emph>Vertex<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or Zenith towards the South; and on the contrary, 

<lb></lb>to all the inhabitants of the Parallels that are beneath E F, to­

<lb></lb>wards the Equinoctial C D, and the South Pole B, the Meridian 

<lb></lb>Sun is elevated beyond their <emph type="italics"></emph>Vertex<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> towards the North Pole A. 

<lb></lb>Next, it is viſible that of all the Parallels, only the greateſt C D 

<lb></lb>is cut in equal parts by the Terminator of the light I M. </s><s>But 

<lb></lb>the reſt, that are beneath and above the ſaid grand circle, are all 

<lb></lb>interſected in parts unequal: and of the ſuperiour ones, the ſe­

<lb></lb>midiurnal arches, namely thoſe of the part of the Terreſtrial ſur­

<lb></lb>face, illuſtrated by the Sun, are bigger than the ſeminocturnal 

<lb></lb>ones that remain in the dark: and the contrary befalls in the 

<lb></lb>remainder, that are under the great one C D, towards the pole B, 

<lb></lb>of which the ſemidiurnal arches are leſſer than the ſeminocturnal, 

<lb></lb>It is likewiſe apparently manifeſt, that the differences of the ſaid 

<lb></lb>arches go augmenting, according as the Parallels are neerer to 

<lb></lb>the Poles, till ſuch time as the parallel I K comes to be wholly in 

<lb></lb>the part illuminated, and the inhabitants thereof have a day of 

<lb></lb>twenty four hours long, without any night; and on the contrary, 

<lb></lb>the Parallel L M, remaining all in obſcurity, hath a night of 

<lb></lb>twenty four hours, without any day. </s><s>Come we next to the 

<lb></lb>third Figure of the Earth, placed with its centre in the point 

<lb></lb>Cancer, where the Sun ſeemeth to be in the firſt point of Ca­

<lb></lb>pricorn. </s><s>We have already ſeen very manifeſtly, that by reaſon 

<lb></lb>the Axis A B doth not change inclination, but continueth paral­

<lb></lb>lel to it ſelf, the aſpect and ſituation of the Earth is the ſame to 

<lb></lb>an hair with that in the firſt Figure; ſave onely that that Hemi­

<lb></lb>ſphere which in the firſt was illuminated by the Sun, in this re­

<lb></lb>maineth obtenebrated, and that cometh to be luminous, which in 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/368.jpg" pagenum="358"></pb>the firſt was tenebrous: whereupon that which happened before 

<lb></lb>concerning the differences of dayes and nights, touching the 

<lb></lb>dayes being greater or leſſer than the nights, now falls out quite 

<lb></lb>contrary. </s><s>And firſt, we ſee, that whereas in the firſt Figure the 

<lb></lb>circle I K was wholly in the light, it is now wholly in the dark; 

<lb></lb>and the oppoſite arch L M is now wholly in the light, which 

<lb></lb>was before wholly in the dark. </s><s>Of the parallels between the 

<lb></lb>grand circle C D, and the Pole A, the ſemidiurnal arches are now 

<lb></lb>leſſer than the ſeminocturnal, which before were the contrary. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Of the others likewiſe towards the Pole B, the ſemidiurnal arch­

<lb></lb>es are now bigger than the ſeminocturnal, the contrary to what 

<lb></lb>happened in the other poſition of the Earth. </s><s>We now ſee the 

<lb></lb>Sun made vertical to the inhabitants of the Tropick G N, and to 

<lb></lb>be depreſſed towards the South, with thoſe of the Parallel E F, 

<lb></lb>by all the arch E C G, that is, 47 degrees; and in ſumme, to have 

<lb></lb>paſſed from one to the other Tropick, traverſing the Equinoctial, 

<lb></lb>elevating and declining in the Meridians the ſaid ſpace of 47 de­

<lb></lb>grees. </s><s>And all this mutation is derived not from the inclination 

<lb></lb>or elevation of the Earth, but on the contrary, from its not in­

<lb></lb>clining or elevating at all; and in a word, by continuing always 

<lb></lb>in the ſame poſition, in reſpect of the Univerſe, onely with turn­

<lb></lb>ing about the Sun ſituate iu the midſt of the ſaid plane, in which 

<lb></lb>it moveth it ſelf about circularly with its annual motion. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg682"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>here is to be noted an admirable accident, which is, that like as 

<lb></lb>the Axis of the Earth conſerving the ſame direction towards the 

<lb></lb>Univerſe, or we may ſay, towards the higheſt Sphere of the fixed 

<lb></lb>ſtars, cauſeth the Sun to appear to elevate and incline ſo great a 

<lb></lb>ſpace, namely, for 47 degrees, and the fixed Stars to incline or e­

<lb></lb>levate nothing at all; ſo, on the contrary, if the ſame Axis of 

<lb></lb>the Earth ſhould maintain it ſelf continually in the ſame inclina­

<lb></lb>tion towards the Sun, or, if you will, towards the Axis of the 

<lb></lb>Zodiack, no mutation would appear to be made in the Sun about 

<lb></lb>its elevating or declining, whereupon the inhabitants of one and 

<lb></lb>the ſame place would alwayes have one and the ſame difference 

<lb></lb>of dayes and nights, and one and the ſame conſtitution of Sea­

<lb></lb>ſons, that is, ſome alwayes Winter, others alwayes Summer, 

<lb></lb>others Spring, &amp;c. </s><s>but, on the contrary, the alterations in the 

<lb></lb>fixed Stars would appear very great, as touching their elevation, 

<lb></lb>and inclination to us, which would amount to the ſame 47 de­

<lb></lb>grees. </s><s>For the underſtanding of which let us return to conſider 

<lb></lb>the poſition of the Earth, in its firſt Figure, where we ſee the 

<lb></lb>Axis A B, with the ſuperiour Pole A, to incline towards the Sun; 

<lb></lb>but in its third Figure, the ſame Axis having kept the ſame dire­

<lb></lb>ction towards the higheſt Sphere, by keeping parallel to it ſelf, 

<lb></lb>inclines no longer towards the Sun with its ſuperiour Pole A, but 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/369.jpg" pagenum="359"></pb>on the contrary reclines from its former poſition <emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 47. and in­

<lb></lb>clineth towards the oppoſite part, ſo that to reſtore the ſame in­

<lb></lb>clination of the ſaid Pole A towards the Sun, it would be requi­

<lb></lb>ſite by turning round the Terreſtrial Globe, according to the 

<lb></lb>circumference A C B D, to tranſport it towards E thoſe ſame 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 47. and for ſo many degrees, any whatſoever fixed ſtar ob­

<lb></lb>ſerved in the Meridian, would appear to be elevated, or inclined. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Let us come now to the explanation of that which remains, and 

<lb></lb>let us conſider the Earth placed in the fourth Figure, that is, 

<lb></lb>with its centre in the firſt point of Libra; upon which the Sun 

<lb></lb>will appear in the beginning of Aries. </s><s>And becauſe the Axis of 

<lb></lb><figure id="id.065.01.369.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/369/1.jpg"></figure>

<lb></lb>the Earth, which in the firſt Figure is ſuppoſed to be inclined up­

<lb></lb>on the diameter Capricorn Cancer, and therefore to be in that 

<lb></lb>ſame plane, which cutting the plane of the grand Orb, accor­

<lb></lb>ding to the line Capricorn Cancer, was erected perpendicularly 

<lb></lb>upon the ſame, tranſpoſed into the fourth Figure, and maintai­

<lb></lb>ned, as hath alwayes been ſaid, parallel to it ſelf, it ſhall come 

<lb></lb>to be in a plane in like manner erected to the ſuperficies of 

<lb></lb>the Grand Orbe, and parallel to the plane, which at right 

<lb></lb>angles cuts the ſame ſuperficies, according to the diameter Ca­

<lb></lb>pricorn Cancer. </s><s>And therefore the line which goeth from 

<lb></lb>the centre of the Sunne to the centre of the Earth, that is, 

<lb></lb>O Libra, ſhall be perpendicular to the Axis BA: but the 

<lb></lb>ſame line which goeth from the centre of the Sunne to the 

<lb></lb>centre of the Earth, is alſo alwayes perpendicular to the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/370.jpg" pagenum="360"></pb>circle that is the Terminator of the light; therefore this ſame 

<lb></lb>circle ſhall paſſe by the Poles A B in the fourth figure, and 

<lb></lb>in its plain the Axis A B ſhall fall, but the greateſt circle paſſing 

<lb></lb>by the Poles of the Parallels, divideth them all in equal parts; 

<lb></lb>therefore the arches I K, E F, C D, G N, L M, ſhall be all 

<lb></lb>ſemicircles, and the illumin&#039;d Hemiſphere ſhall be this which 

<lb></lb>looketh towards us, and the Sun, and the Terminator of the 

<lb></lb>light ſhall be one and the ſame circle A C B D, and the Earth 

<lb></lb>being in this place ſhall make it Equinoctial to all its Inhabitants. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And the ſame happeneth in the ſecond figure, where the Earth 

<lb></lb>having its illuminated Hemiſphere towards the Sun, ſheweth us 

<lb></lb>the other that is obſcure, with its nocturnal arches, which in 

<lb></lb>like manner are all ſemicircles, and conſequently, here alſo it 

<lb></lb>maketh the Equinoctial. </s><s>And laſtly in regard that the line pro­

<lb></lb>duced from the centre of the Sun to the centre of the Earth, is 

<lb></lb>perpendicular to the Axis A B, to which the greateſt circle of 

<lb></lb>the parallels C D, is likewiſe erect, the ſaid line O <emph type="italics"></emph>Libra<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhall 

<lb></lb>paſſe of neceſſity by the ſame Plain of the parallel C D, cutting 

<lb></lb>its circumference in the midſt of the diurnal arch C D; and 

<lb></lb>therefore the Snn ſhall be vertical to any one that ſhall ſtand 

<lb></lb>where that interſection is made; but all the Inhabitants of that 

<lb></lb>Parallel ſhall paſſe the ſame, as being carried about by the 

<lb></lb>Earths diurnal converſion; therefore all theſ upon that day 

<lb></lb>ſhall have the Meridian Sun in their vertex. </s><s>And the Sun at the 

<lb></lb>ſame time to all the Inhabitants of the Earth ſhall ſeem to de­

<lb></lb>ſcribe the Grand Parallel called the Equinoctial. </s><s>Furthermore, 

<lb></lb>foraſmuch as the Earth being in both the Solſtitial points of the 

<lb></lb>Polar circles I K and L M, the one is wholly in the light, and 

<lb></lb>the other wholly in the dark; but when the Earth is in the Equi­

<lb></lb>noctial points, the halves of thoſe ſame polar circles are in the 

<lb></lb>light, the remainder of them being in the dark; it ſhould not 

<lb></lb>be hard to underſtand, how that the Earth <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from <emph type="italics"></emph>Cancer<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>(where the parallel I K is wholly in the dark) to <emph type="italics"></emph>Leo,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> one part of 

<lb></lb>the parallel towards the point I, beginneth to enter into the light, 

<lb></lb>and that the Terminator of the light I M beginneth to retreat to­

<lb></lb>wards the Pole AB, interſecting the circle ACBD nolonger in IM, 

<lb></lb>but in two other points falling between the terms I A and MB, of 

<lb></lb>the arches IA and M B; whereupon the Inhabitants of the circle 

<lb></lb>begin to enjoy the light, and the other Inhabitants of the circle 

<lb></lb>L M to partake of night. </s><s>And thus you ſee that by two ſimple 

<lb></lb>motions made in times proportionate to their bigneſſes, and not 

<lb></lb>contrary to one another, but performed, as all others that be­

<lb></lb>long to moveable mundane bodies, from Weſt to Eaſt aſſigned 

<lb></lb>to the Terreſtrial Globe, adequate reaſons are rendred of all 

<lb></lb>thoſe <emph type="italics"></emph>Phænomena<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or appearances, for the accommodating of 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/371.jpg" pagenum="361"></pb>which to the ſtability of the Earth it is neceſſary (forſaking that 

<lb></lb>Symetry which is obſerved to be between the velocities and mag­

<lb></lb>nitudes of moveables) to aſcribe to a Sphere, vaſt above all 

<lb></lb>others, an unconceiveable celerity, whilſt the other leſſer 

<lb></lb>Spheres move extream ſlowly; and which is more, to make that 

<lb></lb>motion contrary to all their motions; and, yet again to adde to 

<lb></lb>the improbability, to make that ſuperiour Sphere forcibly to 

<lb></lb>tranſport all the inferionr ones along with it contrary to their 

<lb></lb>proper inclination. </s><s>And here I refer it to your judgment to de­

<lb></lb>termine which of the two is the moſt probable.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg681"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Suns an­

<lb></lb>nual motion, how 

<lb></lb>it comes to paſſe, 

<lb></lb>according to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Co­

<lb></lb>pernicus.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg682"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An admirable 

<lb></lb>accident depending 

<lb></lb>on the not inclining 

<lb></lb>of the Earths axis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>To me, as far as concerneth ſenſe, there appeareth 

<lb></lb>no ſmall difference betwixt the ſimplicity and facility of opera­

<lb></lb>ting effects by the means aſſigned in this new conſtitution, and 

<lb></lb>the multiplicity, conſufion, and difficulty, that is found in the 

<lb></lb>ancient and commonly received Hypotheſis. </s><s>For if the Univerſe 

<lb></lb>were diſpoſed according to this multiplicity, it would be ne­

<lb></lb>ceſſary to renounce many Maximes in Philoſophy commonly re­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg683"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ceived by Philoſophers, as for inſtance, That Nature doth 

<lb></lb>not multiply things without neceſſity; and, That She makes uſe 

<lb></lb>of the moſt facile and ſimple means in producing her effects; 

<lb></lb>and, That She doth nothing in vain, and the like. </s><s>I do confeſſe 

<lb></lb>that I never heard any thing more admirable than this, nor can I 

<lb></lb>believe that Humane Underſtanding ever penetrated a more 

<lb></lb>ſublime ſpeculation. </s><s>I know not what <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> may think 

<lb></lb>of it.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg683"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Axiomes com­

<lb></lb>monly admitted by 

<lb></lb>all Philoſophers.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Theſe (if I may ſpeak my judgment freely) do ſeem 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg684"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>to me ſome of thoſe Geometrical ſubtilties which <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> finds 

<lb></lb>fault with in <emph type="italics"></emph>Plato,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> when he accuſeth him that by his too 

<lb></lb>much ſtudying of Geometry he forſook ſolid Philoſophy; and I 

<lb></lb>have known and heard very great <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Philoſophers to 

<lb></lb>diſſwade their Scholars from the Study of the Mathematicks, as 

<lb></lb>thoſe that render the wit cavilous, and unable to philoſophate 

<lb></lb>well; an Inſtitute diametrically contrary to that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Plato,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who 

<lb></lb>admitted uone to Philoſophy, unleſſe he was firſt well entered in 

<lb></lb>Geometry.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg684"></margin.target>Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>tax­

<lb></lb>eth<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Plato <emph type="italics"></emph>for being 

<lb></lb>too ſtudious of Ge­

<lb></lb>ometry.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I commend the policy of theſe your <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripateticks,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg685"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>dehorting their Diſciples from the Study of Geometry, for that 

<lb></lb>there is no art more commodious for detecting their fallacies; but 

<lb></lb>ſee how they differ from the Mathematical Philoſophers, who 

<lb></lb>much more willingly converſe with thoſe that are well verſt in 

<lb></lb>the commune Peripatetick Philoſophy, than with thoſe that are 

<lb></lb>deſtitute of that knowledg, who for want thereof cannot di­

<lb></lb>ſtinguiſh between doctrine and doctrine. </s><s>But paſſing by this, tell 

<lb></lb>me I beſeech you, what are thoſe extravagancies and thoſe too 

<lb></lb>affected ſubtilties that make you think this <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Syſteme 

<lb></lb>the leſſe plauſible?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/372.jpg" pagenum="362"></pb><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg685"></margin.target>Peripatetick <emph type="italics"></emph>Phi­

<lb></lb>loſophers condemn 

<lb></lb>the Study of Geo­

<lb></lb>metry, and why.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>To tell you true, I do not very well know; perhaps, 

<lb></lb>becauſe I have not ſo much as learnt the reaſons that are by <emph type="italics"></emph>Ftolo­

<lb></lb>my<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> produced, of thoſe effects, I mean of thoſe ſtations, retrogra­

<lb></lb>dations, acceſſions, receſſions of the Planets; lengthenings and 

<lb></lb>ſhortnings of dayes, changes of ſeaſons, &amp;c. </s><s>But omitting the 

<lb></lb>conſequences that depend on the firſt ſuppoſitions, I find in the 

<lb></lb>ſuppoſitions themſelves no ſmall difficulties; which ſuppoſitions, 

<lb></lb>if once they be overthrown, they draw along with them the ruine 

<lb></lb>of the whole fabrick. </s><s>Now foraſmuch as becauſe the whole 

<lb></lb>module of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſeemeth in my opinion to be built upon in­

<lb></lb>firm foundations, in that it relyeth upon the mobility of the earth, 

<lb></lb>if this ſhould happen to be diſproved, there would be no need of 

<lb></lb>farther diſpute. </s><s>And to diſprove this, the Axiom of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>is in my judgment moſt ſufficient, That of one ſimple body, 

<lb></lb>one ſole ſimple motion can be natural: but here in this caſe, to 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg686"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the Earth, a ſimple body, there are aſſigned 3. if not 4. motions, 

<lb></lb>and all very different from each other. </s><s>For beſides the light 

<lb></lb>motion, as a grave body towards its centre, which cannot be de­

<lb></lb>nied it, there is aſſigned to it a circular motion in a great circle 

<lb></lb>about the Sun in a year, and a vertiginous converſion about its 

<lb></lb>own centre in twenty four hours. </s><s>And that in the next place 

<lb></lb>which is more exorbitant, &amp; which happly for that reaſon you paſs 

<lb></lb>over in ſilence, there is aſcribed to it another revolution about 

<lb></lb>its own centre, contrary to the former of twenty four hours, 

<lb></lb>and which finiſheth its period in a year. </s><s>In this my underſtand­

<lb></lb>ing apprehendeth a very great contradiction.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg687"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg686"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Four ſeveral 

<lb></lb>motions aſſigned to 

<lb></lb>the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg687"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motion of 

<lb></lb>deſcent belongs not 

<lb></lb>to the terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe, but to its 

<lb></lb>parts.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>As to the motion of deſcent, it hath already been con­

<lb></lb>cluded not to belong to the Terreſtrial Globe which did never 

<lb></lb>move with any ſuch motion, nor never ſhall do; but is (if there be 

<lb></lb>ſuch a thing) that propenſion of its parts to reunite themſelves 

<lb></lb>to their whole. </s><s>As, in the next place, to the Annual motion, </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg688"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>and the Diurnal, theſe being both made towards one way, are 

<lb></lb>very compatible, in the ſame manner juſt as if we ſhould let a 

<lb></lb>Ball trundle downwards upon a declining ſuperficies, it would in 

<lb></lb>its deſcent along the ſame ſpontaneouſly revolve in it ſelf. </s><s>As 

<lb></lb>to the third motion aſſigned it by <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> namely about it 

<lb></lb>ſelf in a year, onely to keep its Axis inclined and directed 

<lb></lb>towards the ſame part of the Firmament, I will tell you a thing 

<lb></lb>worthy of great conſideration: namely <emph type="italics"></emph>ut tantum abeſt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (although 

<lb></lb>it be made contrary to the other annual) it is ſo far from having 

<lb></lb>any repugnance or difficulty in it, that naturally and without any 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg689"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>moving cauſe, it agreeth to any whatſoever ſuſpended and libra­

<lb></lb>ted body, which if it ſhall be carried round in the circumference 

<lb></lb>of a circle, immediate of it ſelf, it acquireth a converſion about 

<lb></lb>its own centre, contrary to that which carrieth it about, and of 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/373.jpg" pagenum="363"></pb>ſuch velocity, that they both finiſh one revolution in the ſame 

<lb></lb>time preciſely. </s><s>You may ſee this admirable, and to our pur­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg690"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>poſe accommodate experience, if putting in a Baſon of water a 

<lb></lb>Ball that will ſwim; and holding the Baſon in your hand, you 

<lb></lb>turn round upon your toe, for you ſhall immediatly ſee the Ball 

<lb></lb>begin to revolve in it ſelf with a motion, contrary to that of the 

<lb></lb>Baſon, and it ſhall finiſh its revolution, when that of the Baſon it 

<lb></lb>ſhall finiſh. </s><s>Now what other is the Earth than a penſil Globe 

<lb></lb>librated in tenuous and yielding aire, which being carried a­

<lb></lb>bout in a year along the circumference of a great circle, muſt 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg691"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>needs acquire, without any other mover, a revolution about its 

<lb></lb>own centre, annual, and yet contrary to the other motion in like 

<lb></lb>manner annual? </s><s>You ſhall ſee this effect I ſay, but if afterwards 

<lb></lb>you more narrowly conſider it, you ſhall find this to be no real 

<lb></lb>thing, but a meer appearance; and that which you think to be 

<lb></lb>a revolution in it ſelf, you will find to be a not moving at all, 

<lb></lb>but a continuing altogether immoveable in reſpect of all that 

<lb></lb>which without you, and without the veſſel is immoveable: for if in 

<lb></lb>that Ball you ſhall make ſome mark, and conſider to what part of 

<lb></lb>the Room where you are, or of the Field, or of Heaven it is 

<lb></lb>ſituate, you ſhall ſee that mark in yours, and the veſſels revolu­

<lb></lb>tion to look alwayes towards that ſame part; but comparing it to 

<lb></lb>the veſſel and to your ſelf that are moveable, it will appear to go 

<lb></lb>altering its direction, and with a motion contrary to yours, and 

<lb></lb>that of the veſſel, to go ſeeking all the points of its circumgyra­

<lb></lb>tion; ſo that with more reaſon you and the baſon may be ſaid 

<lb></lb>to turn round the immoveable Ball, than that it moveth round 

<lb></lb>in the baſon. </s><s>In the ſame manner the Earth ſuſpended and li­

<lb></lb>brated in the circumference of the Grand Orbe, and ſcituate in 

<lb></lb>ſuch ſort that one of its notes, as for example, its North Pole, loo­

<lb></lb>keth towards ſuch a Star or other part of the Firmament, it always 

<lb></lb>keepeth directed towards the ſame, although carried round by 

<lb></lb>the annual motion about the circumference of the ſaid Grand 

<lb></lb>Orbe. </s><s>This alone is ſufficient to make the Wonder ceaſe, and 

<lb></lb>to remove all difficulties. </s><s>But what will <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſay, if to 

<lb></lb>this non-indigence of the co-operating cauſe we ſhould adde 

<lb></lb>an admirable intrinſick vertue of the Terreſtrial Globe, of look­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg692"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ing with its determinate parts towards determinate parts of the 

<lb></lb>Firmament, I ſpeak of the Magnetick vertue conſtantly partici­

<lb></lb>pated by any whatſoever piece of Loade-ſtone. </s><s>And if every 

<lb></lb>minute particle of that S one have in it ſuch a vertue, who will 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg693"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>queſtion but that the ſame more powerfully reſides in this whole 

<lb></lb>Terreſtrial Globe, abounding in that Magnetick matter, and 

<lb></lb>which happily it ſelf, as to its internal and primary ſubſtance, is 

<lb></lb>nothing elſe but a huge maſſe of Loade-ſtone.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/374.jpg" pagenum="364"></pb><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg688"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The annual and 

<lb></lb>diurnal motion are 

<lb></lb>compatible in the 

<lb></lb>Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg689"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Every penſil and 

<lb></lb>librated, body car­

<lb></lb>ryed round in the 

<lb></lb>circumference of a 

<lb></lb>circle, acquireth of 

<lb></lb>it ſelf a motion in 

<lb></lb>it ſelf contrary to 

<lb></lb>that.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg690"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An Experiment 

<lb></lb>which ſenſibly 

<lb></lb>ſhews that two con­

<lb></lb>trary motions may 

<lb></lb>naturally agree in

<lb></lb>the ſame move­

<lb></lb>able.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg691"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The third motion 

<lb></lb>aſcribed to the 

<lb></lb>Earth is rather 

<lb></lb>reſting immove­

<lb></lb>able.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg692"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An admirable 

<lb></lb>intern vertœe of the 

<lb></lb>terreſtrial Globe of 

<lb></lb>alwayes beholding 

<lb></lb>the ſame part of 

<lb></lb>Heaven.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg693"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The terreſtriæl 

<lb></lb>Globe made of 

<lb></lb>Loade-ſtone.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Then you are one of thoſe it ſeems that hold the Mag­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg694"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>netick Phyloſophy <emph type="italics"></emph>William<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Gilbert.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg694"></margin.target>An eminent 

<lb></lb>Doctor of Phyſick, 

<lb></lb>our Countreyman, 

<lb></lb>born at <emph type="italics"></emph>Coloheſter,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and famous for this 

<lb></lb>his learned Trea­

<lb></lb>tiſe, publiſhed a­

<lb></lb>bout 60 years ſince 

<lb></lb>at <emph type="italics"></emph>London, The 

<lb></lb>Magnetick Phi­

<lb></lb>loſophy of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> William 

<lb></lb>Gilbert.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am for certain, and think that all thoſe that have 

<lb></lb>ſeriouſly read his Book, and tried his experiments, will bear me 

<lb></lb>company therein; nor ſhould I deſpair, that what hath befallen 

<lb></lb>me in this caſe, might poſſibly happen to you alſo, if ſo be a cu­

<lb></lb>rioſity, like to mine, and a notice that infinite things in Nature 

<lb></lb>are ſtill conceal&#039;d from the wits of mankind, by delivering you 

<lb></lb>from being captivated by this or that particular writer in natural 

<lb></lb>things, ſhould but ſlacken the reines of your Reaſon, and mol­

<lb></lb>lifie the contumacy and tenaceouſneſſe of your ſenſe; ſo as that 

<lb></lb>they would not refuſe to hearken ſometimes to novelties never 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg695"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>before ſpoken of. </s><s>But (permit me to uſe this phraſe) the puſilla­

<lb></lb>nimity of vulgar Wits is come to that paſſe, that not only like 

<lb></lb>blind men, they make a gift, nay tribute of their own aſſent to 

<lb></lb>whatſoever they find written by thoſe Authours, which in the 

<lb></lb>infancy of their Studies were laid before them, as authentick by 

<lb></lb>their Tutors, but refuſe to hear (not to ſay examine) any new 

<lb></lb>Propoſition or Probleme, although it not only never hath been 

<lb></lb>confuted, but not ſo much as examined or conſidered by their 

<lb></lb>Authours. </s><s>Amongſt which, one is this, of inveſtigating what is 

<lb></lb>the true, proper, primary, interne, and general matter and ſub­

<lb></lb>ſtance of this our Terreſtrial Globe; For although it never came 

<lb></lb>into the mind either of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or of any one elſe, before <emph type="italics"></emph>Wil­

<lb></lb>liam Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to think that it might be a Magnet, ſo far are <emph type="italics"></emph>Ari­

<lb></lb>ſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the reſt from confuting this opinion, yet nevertheleſſe 

<lb></lb>I have met with many, that at the very firſt mention of it, as a 

<lb></lb>Horſe at his own ſhadow, have ſtart back, and refuſed to diſ­

<lb></lb>courſe thereof, and cenſured the conceipt for a vain <emph type="italics"></emph>Chymæra,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>yea, for a ſolemn madneſſe: and its poſſible the Book of <emph type="italics"></emph>Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>had never come to my hands, if a Peripatetick Philoſopher, of great 

<lb></lb>fame, as I believe, to free his Library from its contagion, had not 

<lb></lb>given it me.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg695"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Puſillani­

<lb></lb>mity of Popular 

<lb></lb>Wits.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. I, who ingenuouſly confeſſe my ſelf to be one of 

<lb></lb>thoſe vulgar Wits, and never till within theſe few dayes that I 

<lb></lb>have been admitted to a ſhare in your conferences, could I pre­

<lb></lb>tend to have in the leaſt withdrawn from thoſe trite and popu­

<lb></lb>lar paths, yet, for all that, I think I have advantaged my ſelf ſo 

<lb></lb>much, as that I could without much trouble or difficulty, maſter 

<lb></lb>the roughneſſes of theſe novel and fantaſtical opinions.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If that which <emph type="italics"></emph>Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> writeth be true, then is it no o­

<lb></lb>pinion, but the ſubject of Science; nor is it new, but as antient 

<lb></lb>as the Earth it ſelf; nor can it (being true) be rugged or diffi­

<lb></lb>cult, but plain and eaſie; and when you pleaſe I ſhall make you 

<lb></lb>feel the ſame in your hand, for that you of your ſelf fancy it to 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/375.jpg" pagenum="365"></pb>be a Ghoſt, and ſtand in fear of that which hath nothing in it of 

<lb></lb>dreadfull, like as a little child doth fear the Hobgoblin, without 

<lb></lb>knowing any more of it, ſave the name; as that which beſides 

<lb></lb>the name is nothing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I ſhould be glad to be informed, and reclaimed from 

<lb></lb>an errour.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Anſwer me then to the queſtions that I ſhall ask you. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And firſt of all, Tell me whether you believe, that this our Globe, 

<lb></lb>which we inhabit and call Earth, conſiſteth of one ſole and ſim­

<lb></lb>ple matter, or elſe that it is an aggregate of matters different 

<lb></lb>from each other.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I ſee it to be compoſed of ſubſtances and bodies very 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg696"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>different; and firſt, for the greateſt parts of the compoſition, 

<lb></lb>I ſee the Water and the Earth, which extreamly differ from one 

<lb></lb>another.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg696"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe <emph type="italics"></emph>compoſed of 

<lb></lb>ſundry matters.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAIV. </s><s>Let us, for this once, lay aſide the Seas and other Wa­

<lb></lb>ters, and let us conſider the ſolid parts, and tell me, if you think 

<lb></lb>them one and the ſame thing, or elſe different.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>As to appearance, I ſee that they are different things, 

<lb></lb>there being very great heaps of unfruitful ſands, and others of 

<lb></lb>fruitful ſoiles; There are infinite ſharp and ſteril mountains, full 

<lb></lb>of hard ſtones and quarries of ſeveral kinds, as Porphyre, Ala­

<lb></lb>blaſter, Jaſper, and a thouſand other kinds of Marbles: There 

<lb></lb>are vaſt Minerals of ſo many kinds of metals; and in a word, 

<lb></lb>ſuch varieties of matters, that a whole day would not ſuffice on­

<lb></lb>ly to enumerate them.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now of all theſe different matters, do you think, 

<lb></lb>that in the compoſition of this grand maſſe, there do concur por­

<lb></lb>tions, or elſe that amongſt them all there is one part that far ex­

<lb></lb>ceeds the reſt, and is as it were the matter and ſubſtance of the 

<lb></lb>immenſe lump?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe that the Stones, Marbles, Metals, Gems, and 

<lb></lb>the ſo many other ſeveral matters are as it were Jewels, and ex­

<lb></lb>teriour and ſuperficial Ornaments of the primary Globe, which 

<lb></lb>in groſſe, as I believe, doth without compare exceed all theſe 

<lb></lb>things put together.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And this principal and vaſt maſſe, of which thoſe 

<lb></lb>things above named are as it were excreſſences and ornaments, of 

<lb></lb>what matter do you think that it is compoſed?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think that it is the ſimple, or leſſe impure element of 

<lb></lb>Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But what do you underſtand by Earth? </s><s>Is it haply 

<lb></lb>that which is diſperſed all over the fields, which is broke up with 

<lb></lb>Mattocks and Ploughs, wherein we ſowe corne, and plant fruits, 

<lb></lb>and in which great boſcages grow up, without the help of cul­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/376.jpg" pagenum="366"></pb>ture, and which is, in a word, the habitation of all animals, and 

<lb></lb>the womb of all vegetables?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Tis this that I would affirm to be the ſubſtance of this 

<lb></lb>our Globe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But in this you do, in my judgment, affirm that which 

<lb></lb>is not right: for this Earth which is broke up, is ſowed, and is 

<lb></lb>fertile, is but one part, and that very ſmall of the ſurface of the 

<lb></lb>Globe, which doth not go very deep, yea, its depth is very ſmall, 

<lb></lb>in compariſon of the diſtance to the centre: and experience 

<lb></lb>ſheweth us, that one ſhall not dig very low, but one ſhall finde 

<lb></lb>matters very different from this exteriour ſcurf, more ſolid, and 

<lb></lb>not good for the production of vegetables. </s><s>Beſides the interne 

<lb></lb>parts, as being compreſſed by very huge weights that lie upon 

<lb></lb>them, are, in all probability, ſlived, and made as hard as any 

<lb></lb>hard rock. </s><s>One may adde to this, that fecundity would be in 

<lb></lb>vain conferred upon thoſe matters which never were deſigned to 

<lb></lb>bear fruit, but to reſt eternally buried in the profound and dark 

<lb></lb>abyſſes of the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>But who ſhall aſſure us, that the parts more inward 

<lb></lb>and near to the centre are unfruitful? </s><s>They alſo may, perhaps, 

<lb></lb>have their productions of things unknown to us?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You may aſwell be aſſured thereof, as any man elſe, 

<lb></lb>as being very capable to comprehend, that if the integral bodies 

<lb></lb>of the Univerſe be produced onely for the benefit of Mankind, 

<lb></lb>this above all the reſt ought to be deſtin d to the ſole convenien­

<lb></lb>ces of us its inhabitants. </s><s>But what beneſit can we draw from 

<lb></lb>matters ſo hid and remote from us, as that we ſhall never be a­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg697"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ble to make uſe of them? </s><s>Therefore the interne ſubſtance of 

<lb></lb>this our Globe cannot be a matter frangible, diſſipable, and non­

<lb></lb>coherent, like this ſuperficial part which we call ^{*} EARTH: but 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg698"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>it muſt, of neceſſity, be a moſt denſe and ſolid body, and in a 

<lb></lb>word, a moſt hard ſtone. </s><s>And, if it ought to be ſo, what reaſon 

<lb></lb>is there that ſhould make you more ſcrupulous to believe that it 

<lb></lb>is a Loadſtone than a Porphiry, a Jaſper, or other hard Mar­

<lb></lb>ble? </s><s>Happily if <emph type="italics"></emph>Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> had written, that this Globe is all com­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg699"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>pounded within of ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Pietra Serena,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or of <emph type="italics"></emph>Chalcedon,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the paradox 

<lb></lb>would have ſeemed to you leſſe exorbitant?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg697"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The interne parts 

<lb></lb>of the terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe muſt of ne­

<lb></lb>ceſſity be ſolid.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg698"></margin.target>* Or MOULD.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg699"></margin.target>Of which with 

<lb></lb>the Latin tranſla­

<lb></lb>tour, I muſt once 

<lb></lb>more profeſſe my 

<lb></lb>ſelf ignorant.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>That the parts of this Globe more intern are more 

<lb></lb>compreſſed, and ſo more ſlived together and ſolid, and more 

<lb></lb>and more ſo, according as they lie lower, I do grant, and ſo 

<lb></lb>likewiſe doth <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but that they degenerate and become 

<lb></lb>other than Earth, of the ſame ſort with this of the ſuperficial 

<lb></lb>parts, I ſee nothing that obliege h me to believe.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I undertook not this diſcourſe with an intent to prove 

<lb></lb>demonſtratively that the primary and real ſubſtance of this our 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/377.jpg" pagenum="367"></pb>Globe is Load-ſtone; but onely to ſhew that no reaſon could be 

<lb></lb>given why one ſhould be more unwilling to grant that it is of 

<lb></lb>Load-ſtone, than of ſome other matter. </s><s>And if you will but 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg700"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſeriouſly conſider, you ſhall find that it is not improbable, that 

<lb></lb>one ſole, pure, and arbitrary name, hath moved men to think 

<lb></lb>that it conſiſts of Earth; and that is their having made uſe com­

<lb></lb>monly from the beginning of this word Earth, as well to ſigni­

<lb></lb>ſie that matter which is plowed and ſowed, as to name this our 

<lb></lb>Globe. </s><s>The denomination of which if it had been taken from 

<lb></lb>ſtone, as that it might as well have been taken from that as 

<lb></lb>from the Earth; the ſaying that its primary ſubſtance was ſtone, 

<lb></lb>would doubtleſſe have found no ſcruple or oppoſition in any 

<lb></lb>man. </s><s>And is ſo much the more probable, in that I verily be­

<lb></lb>lieve, that if one could but pare off the ſcurf of this great Globe, 

<lb></lb>taking away but one full thouſand or two thouſand yards; and 

<lb></lb>afterwards ſeperate the Stones from the Earth, the accumulati­

<lb></lb>on of the ſtones would be very much biger than that of the fer­

<lb></lb>tile Mould. </s><s>But as for the reaſons which concludently prove <emph type="italics"></emph>de 

<lb></lb>facto,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that is our Globe is a Magnet, I have mentioned none of 

<lb></lb>them, nor is this a time to alledg them, and the rather, for that 

<lb></lb>to your benefit you may read them in <emph type="italics"></emph>Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; onely to encou­

<lb></lb>rage you to the peruſal of them, I will ſet before you, in a ſimi­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg701"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>litude of my own, the method that he obſerved in his Philoſo­

<lb></lb>phy. </s><s>I know you underſtand very well how much the know­

<lb></lb>ledg of the accidents is ſubſervient to the inveſtigation of the 

<lb></lb>ſubſtance and eſſence of things; therefore I deſire that you 

<lb></lb>would take pains to informe your ſelf well of many accidents and 

<lb></lb>properties that are found in the Magnet, and in no other ſtone, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg702"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>or body; as for inſtance of attracting Iron, of conferring up­

<lb></lb>on it by its ſole preſence the ſame virtue, of communicating 

<lb></lb>likewiſe to it the property of looking towards the Poles, as it 

<lb></lb>alſo doth it ſelf; and moreover endeavour to know by trial, 

<lb></lb>that it containeth in it a virtue of conferring upon the magnetick 

<lb></lb>needle not onely the direction under a Meridian towards the 

<lb></lb>Poles, with an Horizontal motion, (a property a long time ago 

<lb></lb>known) but a new found accident, of declining (being ballanced 

<lb></lb>under the Meridian before marked upon a little ſpherical Mag­

<lb></lb>net) of declining I ſay to determinate marks more or leſſe, ac­

<lb></lb>cording as that needle is held nearer or farther from the Pole, 

<lb></lb>till that upon the Pole it ſelf it erecteth perpendicularly, where­

<lb></lb>as in the middle parts it is parallel to the Axis. </s><s>Furthermore pro­

<lb></lb>cure a proof to be made, whether the virtue of attracting Iron, 

<lb></lb>reſiding much more vigorouſly about the Poles, than about the 

<lb></lb>middle parts, this force be not notably more vigorous in one 

<lb></lb>Pole than in the other, and that in all pieces of Magnet; the 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/378.jpg" pagenum="368"></pb>ſtronger of which Poles is that which looketh towards the South. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Obſerve, in the next place, that in a little Magnet this South and 

<lb></lb>more vigorous Pole, becometh weaker, when ever it is to take 

<lb></lb>up an iron in preſence of the North Pole, of another much big­

<lb></lb>ger Magnet: and not to make any tedious diſcourſe of it, aſſer­

<lb></lb>tain your ſelf, by experience, of theſe and many other properties 

<lb></lb>deſcribed by <emph type="italics"></emph>Gilbert,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which are all ſo peculiar to the Magnet, as 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg703"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that none of them agree with any other matter. </s><s>Tell me now, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if there were laid before you a thouſand pieces of 

<lb></lb>ſeveral matters, but all covered and concealed in a cloth, under 

<lb></lb>which it is hid, and you were required, without uncovering them, 

<lb></lb>to make a gueſſe, by external ſignes, at the matter of each of 

<lb></lb>them, and that in making trial, you ſhould hit upon one that 

<lb></lb>ſhould openly ſhew it ſelf to have all the properties by you alrea­

<lb></lb>dy acknowledged to reſide onely in the Magnet, and in no other 

<lb></lb>matter, what judgment would you make of the eſſence of ſuch a 

<lb></lb>body? </s><s>Would you ſay, that it might be a piece of Ebony, or 

<lb></lb>Alablaſter, or Tin.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg700"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Our Globe would 

<lb></lb>have been called 

<lb></lb>ſtone, in ſtead of 

<lb></lb>Earth, if that 

<lb></lb>name had been gi­

<lb></lb>uen it in the be­

<lb></lb>ginning.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg701"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The method of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Gilbert <emph type="italics"></emph>in his Phi­

<lb></lb>loſophy.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg702"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Many proper­

<lb></lb>ties in the Mag­

<lb></lb>net.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg703"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An Argument 

<lb></lb>proving the terre­

<lb></lb>ſtrial Globe to be 

<lb></lb>a<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Magnet.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I would ſay, without the leaſt hæſitation, that it was a 

<lb></lb>piece of Load-ſtone.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>If it be ſo, ſay reſolutely, that under this cover and 

<lb></lb>ſcurf of Earth, ſtones, metals, water, &amp;c. </s><s>there is hid a great 

<lb></lb>Magnet, foraſmuch as about the ſame there may be ſeen by any 

<lb></lb>one that will heedfully obſerve the ſame, all thoſe very accidents 

<lb></lb>that agree with a true and viſible Globe of Magnet; but if no 

<lb></lb>more were to be ſeen than that of the Declinatory Needle, which 

<lb></lb>being carried about the Earth, more and more inclineth, as it ap­

<lb></lb>proacheth to the North Pole, and declineth leſſe towards the E­

<lb></lb>quinoctial, under which it finally is brought to an <emph type="italics"></emph>Æquilibrium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>it might ſerve to perſwade even the moſt ſcrupulous judgment. </s><s>I 

<lb></lb>forbear to mention that other admirable effect, which is ſenſibly 

<lb></lb>obſerved in every piece of Magnet, of which, to us inhabitants 

<lb></lb>of the Northern Hemiſphere, the Meridional Pole of the ſaid Mag­

<lb></lb>net is more vigorous than the other; and the difference is found 

<lb></lb>greater, by how much one recedeth from the Equinoctial; and 

<lb></lb>under the Equinoctial both the parts are of equal ſtrength, but 

<lb></lb>notably weaker. </s><s>But, in the Meridional Regions, far diſtant 

<lb></lb>from the Equinoctial, it changeth nature, and that part which to 

<lb></lb>us was more weak, acquireth more ſtrength than the other: and 

<lb></lb>all this I confer with that which we ſee to be done by a ſmall 

<lb></lb>piece of Magnet, in the preſence of a great one, the vertue of 

<lb></lb>which ſuperating the leſſer, maketh it to become obedient to it, 

<lb></lb>and according as it is held, either on this or on that ſide the Equi­

<lb></lb>noctial of the great one, maketh the ſelf ſame mutations, 

<lb></lb>which I have ſaid are made by every Magnet, carried on this 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/379.jpg" pagenum="369"></pb>ſide, or that ſide of the Equinoctiall of the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I was perſwaded, at the very firſt reading of the Book 

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Gilbertus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and having met with a moſt excellent piece of 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg704"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Magnet, I, for a long time, made many Obſervations, and all 

<lb></lb>worthy of extream wonder; but above all, that ſeemeth to me 

<lb></lb>very ſtupendious of increaſing the faculty of taking up Iron ſo 

<lb></lb>much by arming it, like as the ſaid Authour teacheth; and with 

<lb></lb>arming that piece of mine, I multiplied its force in octuple propor­

<lb></lb>tion; and whereas unarmed it ſcarce took up nine ounces of 

<lb></lb>Iron, it being armed did take up above ſix pounds: And, it 

<lb></lb>may be, you have ſeen this Loadſtone in the ^{*} Gallery of your 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg705"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Moſt Serene Grand Duke<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (to whom I preſented it) upholding 

<lb></lb>two little Anchors of Iron.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg704"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>|The Magnet 

<lb></lb>armed takes up 

<lb></lb>much more Iron, 

<lb></lb>than when unar­

<lb></lb>med.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg705"></margin.target>+ Or Cloſet of 

<lb></lb>rarities.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I ſaw it many times, and with great admiration, till 

<lb></lb>that a little piece of the like ſtone gave me greater cauſe of won­

<lb></lb>der, that is in the keeping of our Academick, which being no 

<lb></lb>more than of ſix ounces weight, and ſuſtaining, when unarmed, 

<lb></lb>hardly two ounces, doth, when armed, take up 160. ounces, ſo 

<lb></lb>as that it is of 80. times more force armed than unarmed, and 

<lb></lb>takes up a weight 26. times greater than its own; a much greater 

<lb></lb>wonder than <emph type="italics"></emph>Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> could ever meet with, who writeth, that he 

<lb></lb>could never get any Loadſtone that could reach to take up four 

<lb></lb>times its own weight.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>In my opinion, this Stone offers to the wit of man a 

<lb></lb>large Field to Phyloſophate in; and I have many times thought 

<lb></lb>with my ſelf, how it can be that it conferreth on that Iron, which 

<lb></lb>armeth it, a ſtrength ſo ſuperiour to its own; and finally, I finde 

<lb></lb>nothing that giveth me ſatisfaction herein; nor do I find any 

<lb></lb>thing extraordinary in that which <emph type="italics"></emph>Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> writes about this parti­

<lb></lb>cular; I know not whether the ſame may have befallen 

<lb></lb>you.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I extreamly praiſe, admire, and envy this Authour, 

<lb></lb>for that a conceit ſo ſtupendious ſhould come into his minde, 

<lb></lb>touching a thing handled by infinite ſublime wits, and hit upon 

<lb></lb>by none of them: I think him moreover worthy of extraordi­

<lb></lb>nary applauſe for the many new and true Obſervations that he 

<lb></lb>made, to the diſgrace of ſo many fabulous Authours, that write 

<lb></lb>not only what they do not know, but what ever they hear ſpo­

<lb></lb>ken by the fooliſh vulgar, never ſeeking to aſſure themſelves of 

<lb></lb>the ſame by experience, perhaps, becauſe they are unwilling to 

<lb></lb>diminiſh the bulk of their Books. </s><s>That which I could have de­

<lb></lb>ſired in <emph type="italics"></emph>Gilbert,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is, that he had been a little greater Mathematici­

<lb></lb>an, and particularly well grounded in <emph type="italics"></emph>Geometry,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the practice 

<lb></lb>whereof would have rendered him leſs reſolute in accepting thoſe 

<lb></lb>reaſons for true Demonſtrations, which he produceth for true 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/380.jpg" pagenum="370"></pb>cauſes of the true concluſions obſerved by himſelf. </s><s>Which rea­

<lb></lb>ſons (freely ſpeaking) do not knit and bind ſo faſt, as thoſe un­

<lb></lb>doubtedly ought to do, in that of natural, neceſſary, and laſting 

<lb></lb>concluſions may be alledged. </s><s>And I doubt not, but that in pro­

<lb></lb>ceſſe of time this new Science will be perfected with new obſer­

<lb></lb>vations, and, which is more, with true and neceſſary Demonſtra­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg706"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>tions. </s><s>Nor ought the glory of the firſt Inventor to be thereby 

<lb></lb>diminiſhed, nor do I leſſe eſteem, but rather more admire, the 

<lb></lb>Inventor of the Harp (although it may be ſuppoſed that the In­

<lb></lb>ſtrument at firſt was but rudely framed, and more rudely finger­

<lb></lb>ed) than an hundred other Artiſts, that in the inſuing Ages redu­

<lb></lb>ced that profeſſion to great perfection. </s><s>And methinks, that An­

<lb></lb>tiquity had very good reaſon to enumerate the firſt Inventors of 

<lb></lb>the Noble Arts amongſt the Gods; ſeeing that the common wits 

<lb></lb>have ſo little curioſity, and are ſo little regardful of rare and ele­

<lb></lb>gant things, that though they ſee and hear them exercirated by 

<lb></lb>the exquifite profeſſors of them, yet are they not thereby per­

<lb></lb>ſwaded to a deſire of learning them. </s><s>Now judge, whether Capa­

<lb></lb>cities of this kind would ever have attempted to have found out 

<lb></lb>the making of the Harp, or the invention of Muſick, upon the 

<lb></lb>hint of the whiſtling noiſe of the dry ſinews of a Tortois, or 

<lb></lb>from the ſtriking of four Hammers. </s><s>The application to great 

<lb></lb>inventions moved by ſmall hints, and the thinking that under a 

<lb></lb>primary and childiſh appearance admirable Arts may lie hid, is 

<lb></lb>not the part of a trivial, but of a ſuper-humane ſpirit. </s><s>Now an­

<lb></lb>ſwering to your demands, I ſay, that I alſo have long thought 

<lb></lb>upon what might poſſibly be the cauſe of this ſo tenacious and 

<lb></lb>potent union, that we ſee to be made between the one Iron that 

<lb></lb>armeth the Magnet, and the other that conjoyns it ſelf unto it. 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg707"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>And firſt, we are certain, that the vertue and ſtrength of the ſtone 

<lb></lb>doth not augment by being armed, for it neither attracts at 

<lb></lb>greater diſtance, nor doth it hold an Iron the faſter, if between it, 

<lb></lb>and the arming or cap, a very fine paper, or a leaf of beaten gold, 

<lb></lb>be interpoſed; nay, with that interpoſition, the naked ſtone 

<lb></lb>takes up more Iron than the armed. </s><s>There is therefore no alte­

<lb></lb>ration in the vertue, and yet there is an innovation in the effect. 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg708"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>And becauſe its neceſſary, that a new effect have a new cauſe, if 

<lb></lb>it be inquired what novelty is introduced in the act of taking up 

<lb></lb>with the cap or arming, there is no mutation to be diſcovered, but 

<lb></lb>in the different contact; for whereas before Iron toucht Load­

<lb></lb>ſtone, now Iron toucheth Iron. </s><s>Therefore it is neceſſary to con­

<lb></lb>clude, that the diverſity of contacts is the cauſe of the diverſity 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg709"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of effects. </s><s>And for the difference of contacts it cannot, as I ſee, 

<lb></lb>be derived from any thing elſe, ſave from that the ſubſtance of 

<lb></lb>the Iron is of parts more ſubtil, more pure, and more compact­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/381.jpg" pagenum="371"></pb>ed than thoſe of the Magnet, which are more groſſe, impure, and 

<lb></lb>rare. </s><s>From whence it followeth, that the ſuperficies of two I­

<lb></lb>rons that are to touch, by being exquiſitely plained, filed, and 

<lb></lb>burniſhed, do ſo exactly conjoyn, that all the infinite points of 

<lb></lb>the one meet with the infinite points of the other; ſo that the 

<lb></lb>filaments, if I may ſo ſay, that collegate the two Irons, are many 

<lb></lb>more than thoſe that collegate the Magnet to the Iron, by reaſon 

<lb></lb>that the ſubſtance of the Magnet is more porous, and leſſe com­

<lb></lb>pact, which maketh that all the points and filaments of the Load­

<lb></lb>ſtone do not cloſe with that which it unites unto. </s><s>In the next 

<lb></lb>place, that the ſubſtance of Iron (eſpecially the well refined, as 

<lb></lb>namely, the pureſt ſteel) is of parts much more denſe, ſubtil, 

<lb></lb>and pure than the matter of the Loadſtone, is ſeen, in that one 

<lb></lb>may bring its edge to an extraordinary ſharpneſſe, ſuch as is that 

<lb></lb>of the Raſor, which can never be in any great meaſure effected in 

<lb></lb>a piece of Magnet. </s><s>Then, as for the impurity of the Magnet, and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg710"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>its being mixed with other qualities of ſtone, it is firſt ſenſibly 

<lb></lb>diſcovered by the colour of ſome little ſpots, for the moſt part 

<lb></lb>white; and next by preſenting a needle to it, hanging in a 

<lb></lb>thread, which upon thoſe ſtonyneſſes cannot find repoſe, but 

<lb></lb>being attracted by the parts circumfuſed, ſeemeth to fly from 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg711"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>thoſe,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and to leap upon the Magnet contiguous to <emph type="italics"></emph>them:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>as ſome of thoſe Heterogeneal parts are for their magnitude ve­

<lb></lb>ry viſible, ſo we may believe, that there are others, in great a­

<lb></lb>bundance, which, for their ſmallneſſe, are imperceptible, that are 

<lb></lb>diſſeminated throughout the whole maſſe. </s><s>That which I ſay, 

<lb></lb>(namely, that the multitude of contacts that are made between 

<lb></lb>Iron and Iron, is the cauſe of the ſo ſolid conjunction) is con­

<lb></lb>firmed by an experiment, which is this, that if we preſent the 

<lb></lb>ſharpned point of a needle to the cap of a Magnet, it will ſtick 

<lb></lb>no faſter to it, than to the ſame ſtone unarmed: which can 

<lb></lb>proceed from no other cauſe, than from the equality of the con­

<lb></lb>tacts that are both of one ſole point. </s><s>But what then? </s><s>Let a 

<lb></lb>^{*} Needle be taken and placed upon a Magnet, ſo that one of its 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg712"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>extremities hang ſomewhat over, and to that preſent a Nail; to 

<lb></lb>which the Needle will inſtantly cleave, inſomuch that withdraw­

<lb></lb>ing the Nail, the Needle will ſtand in ſuſpenſe, and with its two 

<lb></lb>ends touching the Magnet and the Iron; and withdrawing the 

<lb></lb>Nail yet a little further, the Needle will forſake the Magnet; 

<lb></lb>provided that the eye of the Needle be towards the Nail, and 

<lb></lb>the point towards the Magnet; but if the eye be towards the 

<lb></lb>Loadſtone, in withdrawing the Nail the Needle will cleave to 

<lb></lb>the Magnet; and this, in my judgment, for no other reaſon, 

<lb></lb>ſave onely that the Needle, by reaſon it is bigger towards the 

<lb></lb>eye, toucheth in much more points than its ſharp point doth.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/382.jpg" pagenum="372"></pb><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg706"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The firſt obſer­

<lb></lb>vers and inventers 

<lb></lb>of things ought to 

<lb></lb>be admired.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg707"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The true cauſe 

<lb></lb>of the multiplica­

<lb></lb>tion of vertue in 

<lb></lb>the Magnet, by 

<lb></lb>means of the ar­

<lb></lb>ming.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg708"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Of a new effect 

<lb></lb>its neceſſary that 

<lb></lb>the cauſe be like­

<lb></lb>wiſe new.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg709"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is proved, 

<lb></lb>that Iron conſists 

<lb></lb>of parts more ſub­

<lb></lb>til, pure, and com­

<lb></lb>pact than the mag­

<lb></lb>net.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg710"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A ſenſible proof 

<lb></lb>of the impurity of 

<lb></lb>the Magnet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg711"></margin.target>* The Author

<lb></lb>hereby meaneth

<lb></lb>that the ſtone

<lb></lb>doth not all con­

<lb></lb>ſiſt of magnetick 

<lb></lb>matter, but that 

<lb></lb>the whiter ſpecks 

<lb></lb>being weak, thoſe 

<lb></lb>other parts of the 

<lb></lb>Loadſtone of a 

<lb></lb>more dark &amp; con­

<lb></lb>ſtant colour, con­

<lb></lb>tain all that vertue 

<lb></lb>wherewith bodies 

<lb></lb>are attracted.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg712"></margin.target>* A common 

<lb></lb>ſewing needle.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Your whole diſcourſe hath been in my judgment very 

<lb></lb>concluding, and this experiment of the Needle hath made me 

<lb></lb>think it little inferiour to a Mathematical Demonſtration; and 

<lb></lb>I ingenuouſly confeſſe, that in all the Magnetick Philoſophy, I 

<lb></lb>never heard or read any thing, that with ſuch ſtrong reaſons 

<lb></lb>gave account of its ſo many admirable accidents, of which, if the 

<lb></lb>cauſes were with the ſame perſpicuity laid open, I know not 

<lb></lb>what ſweeter food our Intellects could deſire.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>In ſeeking the reaſons of concluſions unknown unto 

<lb></lb>us, it is requiſite to have the good fortune to direct the diſ­

<lb></lb>courſe from the very beginning towards the way of truth; in 

<lb></lb>which if any one walk, it will eaſily happen, that one ſhall meet 

<lb></lb>with ſeveral other Propoſitions known to be true, either by diſ­

<lb></lb>putes or experiments, from the certainty of which the truth of 

<lb></lb>ours acquireth ſtrength and evidence; as it did in every reſpect 

<lb></lb>happen to me in the preſent Probleme, for being deſirous to aſ­

<lb></lb>ſure my ſelf, by ſome other accident, whether the reaſon of the 

<lb></lb>Propoſition, by me found, were true; namely, whether the ſub­

<lb></lb>ſtance of the Magnet were really much leſſe continuate than that 

<lb></lb>of Iron or of Steel, I made the Artiſts that work in the Gallery 

<lb></lb>of my Lord the Grand Duke, to ſmooth one ſide of that piece 

<lb></lb>of Magnet, which formerly was yours, and then to poliſh and 

<lb></lb>burniſh it; upon which to my ſatisfaction I found what I deſired. 

<lb></lb></s><s>For I diſcovered many ſpecks of colour different from the reſt, 

<lb></lb>but as ſplendid and bright, as any of the harder ſort of ſtones; 

<lb></lb>the reſt of the Magnet was polite, but to the tact onely, not 

<lb></lb>being in the leaſt ſplendid; but rather as if it were ſmeered over 

<lb></lb>with ſoot; and this was the ſubſtance of the Load ſtone, and 

<lb></lb>the ſhining part was the fragments of other ſtones intermixt 

<lb></lb>therewith, as was ſenſibly made known by preſenting the face 

<lb></lb>thereof to filings of Iron, the which in great number leapt to 

<lb></lb>the Load-ſtone, but not ſo much as one grain did ſtick to the 

<lb></lb>ſaid ſpots, which were many, ſome as big as the fourth part of 

<lb></lb>the nail of a mans finger, others ſomewhat leſſer, the leaſt of 

<lb></lb>all very many, and thoſe that were ſcarce viſible almoſt innu­

<lb></lb>merable. </s><s>So that I did aſſure my ſelf, that my conjecture was 

<lb></lb>true, when I firſt thought that the ſubſtance of the Magnet 

<lb></lb>was not cloſe and compact, but porous, or to ſay better, ſpon­

<lb></lb>gy; but with this difference, that whereas the ſponge in its 

<lb></lb>cavities and little cels conteineth Air or Water, the Magnet hath 

<lb></lb>its pores full of hard and heavy ſtone, as appears by the exqui­

<lb></lb>ſite luſtre which thoſe ſpecks receive. </s><s>Whereupon, as I have ſaid 

<lb></lb>from the beginning, applying the ſurface of the Iron to the ſu­

<lb></lb>perficies of the Magnet the minute particles of the Iron, though 

<lb></lb>perhaps more continuate than theſe of any other body (as its 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/383.jpg" pagenum="373"></pb>ſhining more than any other matter doth ſhew) do not all, nay 

<lb></lb>but very few of them incounter pure Magnet; and the contacts 

<lb></lb>being few, the union is but weak. </s><s>But becauſe the cap of the 

<lb></lb>Load-ſtone, beſides the contact of a great part of its ſuperficies, 

<lb></lb>inveſts its ſelf alſo with the virtue of the parts adjoyning, al­

<lb></lb>though they touch not; that ſide of it being exactly ſmoothed 

<lb></lb>to which the other face, in like manner well poliſht of the Iron to 

<lb></lb>be attracted, is applyed, the contact is made by innumera­

<lb></lb>ble minute particles, if not haply by the infinite points of both 

<lb></lb>the ſuperficies, whereupon the union becometh very ſtrong. 

<lb></lb></s><s>This obſervation of ſmoothing the ſurfaces of the Irons that are 

<lb></lb>to touch, came not into the thoughts of <emph type="italics"></emph>Gilbert,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for he makes 

<lb></lb>the Irons convex, ſo that their contact is very ſmall; and there­

<lb></lb>upon it cometh to paſſe that the tenacity, wherewith thoſe Irons 

<lb></lb>conjoyn, is much leſſer.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am, as I told you before, little leſſe ſatisfied with 

<lb></lb>this reaſon, that if it were a pure Geometrical Demonſtration; 

<lb></lb>and becauſe we ſpeak of a Phyſical Problem, I believe that alſo 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will find himſelf ſatisfied as far as natural ſcience ad­

<lb></lb>mits, in which he knows that Geometrical evidence is not to be 

<lb></lb>required.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I think indeed, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with a fine circumlo­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg713"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>cution hath ſo manifeſtly diſplayed the cauſe of this effect, that 

<lb></lb>any indifferent wit, though not verſt in the Sciences, may ap­

<lb></lb>prehend the ſame; but we, confining our ſelves to the terms of 

<lb></lb>Art, reduce the cauſe of theſe and other the like natural effects 

<lb></lb>to <emph type="italics"></emph>Sympathy,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which is a certain agreement and mutual appetite 

<lb></lb>which ariſeth between things that are ſemblable to one another 

<lb></lb>in qualities; as likewiſe on the contrary that hatred &amp; enmity for 

<lb></lb>which other things ſhun &amp; abhor one another we call <emph type="italics"></emph>Antipathy.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg713"></margin.target>Sympathy <emph type="italics"></emph>and<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Antipathy, <emph type="italics"></emph>terms 

<lb></lb>uſed by Philoſo­

<lb></lb>phers to give a rea­

<lb></lb>ſon eaſily of ma­

<lb></lb>ny narural effests.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And thus with theſe two words men come to render 

<lb></lb>reaſons of a great number of accidents and effects which we ſee 

<lb></lb>not without admiration to be produced in nature. </s><s>But this kind 

<lb></lb>of philoſophating ſeems to me to have great ſympathy with a 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg714"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>certain way of Painting that a Friend of mine uſed, who writ 

<lb></lb>upon the <emph type="italics"></emph>Tele<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> or Canvaſſe in chalk, here I will have the Foun­

<lb></lb>tain with <emph type="italics"></emph>Diana<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and her Nimphs, there certain Hariers, in this 

<lb></lb>corner I will have a Huntſ-man with the Head of a Stag, the reſt 

<lb></lb>ſhall be Lanes, Woods, and Hills; and left the remainder for 

<lb></lb>the Painter to ſet forth with Colours; and thus he perſwaded 

<lb></lb>himſelf that he had painted the Story of <emph type="italics"></emph>Acteon,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> when as he had 

<lb></lb>contributed thereto nothing of his own more than the names. 

<lb></lb></s><s>But whether are we wandred with ſo long a digreſſion, contrary 

<lb></lb>to our former reſolutions? </s><s>I have almoſt forgot what the point 

<lb></lb>was that we were upon when we fell into this magnetick diſ­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/384.jpg" pagenum="374"></pb>courſe; and yet I had ſomething in my mind that I intended to 

<lb></lb>have ſpoken upon that ſubject.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg714"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A pleaſant ex­

<lb></lb>ampleaeclaring the 

<lb></lb>invalidity of ſome 

<lb></lb>Phyloſophical ar­

<lb></lb>gumentations.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>We were about to demonſtrate that third motion a­

<lb></lb>ſcribed by <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to the Earth to be no motion but a quie­

<lb></lb>ſcence and maintaining of it ſelf immutably directed with its de­

<lb></lb>terminate parts towards the ſame &amp; determinate parts of the Uni­

<lb></lb>verſe, that is a perpetual conſervation of the Axis of its diurnal 

<lb></lb>revolution parallel to it ſelf, and looking towards ſuch and ſuch 

<lb></lb>fixed ſtars; which moſt conſtant poſition we ſaid did naturally 

<lb></lb>agree with every librated body ſuſpended in a fluid and yielding 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which although carried about, yet did it not change di­

<lb></lb>rectionin reſpect of things external, but onely ſeemed to revolve in 

<lb></lb>its ſelf, in reſpect of that which carryed it round, and to the 

<lb></lb>veſſel in which it was tranſported. </s><s>And then we added to this 

<lb></lb>ſimple and natural accident the magnetick virtue, whereby the 

<lb></lb>ſelf Terreſtrial Globe might ſo much the more conſtantly keep it 

<lb></lb>immutable, -----</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Now I remember the whole buſineſſe; and that which 

<lb></lb>then came into my minde, &amp; which I would have intimated, was a 

<lb></lb>certain conſideration touching the ſcruple and objection of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sim­

<lb></lb>plicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which he propounded againſt the mobility of the Earth, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg715"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>taken from the multiplicity of motions, impoſſible to be aſſigned 

<lb></lb>to a ſimple body, of which but one ſole and ſimple motion, ac­

<lb></lb>cording to the doctrine of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> can be natural; and that 

<lb></lb>which I would have propoſed to conſideration, was the Magnet, 

<lb></lb>to which we manifeſtly ſee three motions naturally to agree: 

<lb></lb>one towards the centre of the Earth, as a <emph type="italics"></emph>Grave<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; the ſecond is 

<lb></lb>the circular Horizontal Motion, whereby it reſtores and con­

<lb></lb>ſerves its Axis towards determinate parts of the Univerſe; and 

<lb></lb>the third is this, newly diſcovered by <emph type="italics"></emph>Gilbert,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of inclining its 

<lb></lb>Axis, being in the plane of a Meridian towards the ſurface of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, and this more and leſſe, according as it ſhall be diſtant 

<lb></lb>from the Equinoctial, under which it is parallel to the Axis of 

<lb></lb>the Earth. </s><s>Beſides theſe three, it is not perhaps improbable, 

<lb></lb>but that it may have a fourth, of revolving upon its own Axis, in 

<lb></lb>caſe it were librated and ſuſpended in the air or other fluid and 

<lb></lb>yielding <emph type="italics"></emph>Medium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſo that all external and accidental impediments 

<lb></lb>were removed, and this opinion <emph type="italics"></emph>Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> himſelf ſeemeth alſo to 

<lb></lb>applaud. </s><s>So that, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> you ſee how tottering the Axiome 

<lb></lb>of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg715"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſeveral na­

<lb></lb>tural motions of 

<lb></lb>the Magnet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This doth uot only not make againſt the Maxime, but 

<lb></lb>not ſo much as look towards it: for that he ſpeaketh of a fimple 

<lb></lb>body, and of that which may naturally conſiſt therewith; but 

<lb></lb>you propoſe that which befalleth a mixt body; nor do you tell 

<lb></lb>us of any thing that is new to the doctrine of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for that 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/385.jpg" pagenum="375"></pb>he likewiſe granteth to mixt bodies compound motions by -----</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Stay a little, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> &amp; anſwer me to the queſtions 

<lb></lb>I ſhall ask you. </s><s>You ſay that the Load-ſtone is no ſimple body, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg716"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>now I defire you to tell me what thoſe ſimple bodies are, that 

<lb></lb>mingle in compoſing the Load-ſtone.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg716"></margin.target>Ariſtole <emph type="italics"></emph>grants 

<lb></lb>a compound motion 

<lb></lb>to mixt bodies.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I know not how to tell you th&#039;ingredients nor ſimples 

<lb></lb>preciſely, but it ſufficeth that they are things elementary.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So much ſufficeth me alſo. </s><s>And of theſe ſimple ele­

<lb></lb>mentary bodies, what are the natural motions?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>They are the two right and ſimple motions, <emph type="italics"></emph>ſurſum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and <emph type="italics"></emph>deorſum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Tell me in the next place? </s><s>Do you believe that the 

<lb></lb>motion, that ſhall remain natural to that ſame mixed body, ſhould 

<lb></lb>be one that may reſult from the compoſition of the two ſimple 

<lb></lb>natural motions of the ſimple bodies compounding, or that it 

<lb></lb>may be a motion impoſſible to be compoſed of them.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg717"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg717"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motion of 

<lb></lb>mixt bodies ought 

<lb></lb>to be ſuch as may 

<lb></lb>reſult from the 

<lb></lb>compoſition of the 

<lb></lb>motions of the ſim­

<lb></lb>ple bodies com­

<lb></lb>pounding.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe that it ſhall move with the motion reſulting 

<lb></lb>from the compoſition of the motions of the ſimple bodies com­

<lb></lb>pounding, and that with a motion impoſſible to be compoſed of 

<lb></lb>theſe, it is impoſſible that it ſhould move.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. But, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with two right and ſimple motions, you 

<lb></lb>ſhall never be able to compoſe a circular motion, ſuch as are the </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg718"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>two, or three circular motions that the magnet hath: you ſee 

<lb></lb>then into what abſurdities evil grounded Principles, or, to ſay 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg719"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>better, the ill-inferred conſequences of good Principles carry a 

<lb></lb>man; for you are now forced to ſay, that the Magnet is a mix­

<lb></lb>ture compounded of ſubſtances elementary and cœleſtial, if you 

<lb></lb>will maintain that the ſtraight motion is a peculiar to the Ele­

<lb></lb>ments, and the circular to the cœleſtial bodies. </s><s>Therefore if 

<lb></lb>you will more ſafely argue, you muſt ſay, that of the integral 

<lb></lb>bodies of the Univerſe, thoſe that are by nature moveable, do all 

<lb></lb>move circularly, and that therefore the Magnet, as a part of the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg720"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>true primary, and integral ſubſtance of our Globe, pertaketh of 

<lb></lb>the ſame qualities with it. </s><s>And take notice of this your fallacy, 

<lb></lb>in calling the Magnet a mixt body, and the Terreſtrial Globe a 

<lb></lb>ſimple body, which is ſenſibly perceived to be a thouſand times 

<lb></lb>more compound: for, beſides that it containeth an hundred an 

<lb></lb>hundred matters, exceeding different from one another, it con­

<lb></lb>taineth great abundance of this which you call mixt, I mean 

<lb></lb>of the Load-ſtone. </s><s>This ſeems to me juſt as if one ſhould call 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg721"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>bread a mixt body, and ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Pannada<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a ſimple body, in which there 

<lb></lb>is put no ſmall quantity of bread, beſides many other things edi­

<lb></lb>ble. </s><s>This ſeemeth to me a very admirable thing, amongſt others 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/386.jpg" pagenum="376"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg722"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of the Peripateticks, who grant (nor can it be denied) that our 

<lb></lb>Terreſtrial Globe is, <emph type="italics"></emph>de facto,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a compound of infinite different 

<lb></lb>matters; and grant farther that of compound bodies the motion 

<lb></lb>ought to be compound: now the motions that admit of compo­

<lb></lb>ſition are the right and circular: For the two right motions, as 

<lb></lb>being contrary, are incompatible together, they affirm, that the 

<lb></lb>pure Element of Earth is no where to be found; they confeſſe, 

<lb></lb>that it never hath been moved with a local motion; and yet they 

<lb></lb>will introduce in Nature that body which is not to be found, and 

<lb></lb>make it move with that motion which it never exerciſed, nor ne­

<lb></lb>ver ſhall do, and to that body which hath, and ever had a being, 

<lb></lb>they deny that motion, which before they granted, ought natu­

<lb></lb>rally to agree therewith.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg718"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>With two right 

<lb></lb>motions one cannot 

<lb></lb>compoſe circular 

<lb></lb>motions.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg719"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Philoſophers are 

<lb></lb>forced to confeſſe 

<lb></lb>that the Magnet 

<lb></lb>is compounded of 

<lb></lb>cœleſtial ſubſtan­

<lb></lb>ces, and of elemen­

<lb></lb>tary.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg720"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The errour of 

<lb></lb>thoſe who call the 

<lb></lb>Magnet a mixt 

<lb></lb>body, and the ter­

<lb></lb>reſtrial Globe 

<lb></lb>ſimble body.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg721"></margin.target>* Ogliopotrida 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>a Spaniſh diſh of 

<lb></lb>many ingredients 

<lb></lb>boild together.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg722"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Diſcourſes 

<lb></lb>of Peripateticks, 

<lb></lb>full of errours and 

<lb></lb>contradictions.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I beſeech you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> let us not weary our ſelves 

<lb></lb>any more about theſe particulars, and the rather, becauſe you 

<lb></lb>know that our purpoſe was not to determine reſolutely, or to 

<lb></lb>accept for true, this or that opinion, but only to propoſe for our 

<lb></lb>divertiſement ſuch reaſons, and anſwers as may be alledged on 

<lb></lb>the one ſide, or on the other; and <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> maketh this an­

<lb></lb>ſwer, in defence of his Peripateticks, therefore let us leave the 

<lb></lb>judgment in ſuſpenſe, and remit the determination into the 

<lb></lb>hands of ſuch as are more known than we. </s><s>And becauſe I think 

<lb></lb>that we have, with ſufficient prolixity, in theſe three dayes, diſ­

<lb></lb>courſed upon the Syſteme of the Univerſe, it will now be ſeaſo­

<lb></lb>nable, that we proceed to the grand accident, from whence our 

<lb></lb>Diſputations took beginning, I mean, of the ebbing and flowing 

<lb></lb>of the Sea, the cauſe whereof may, in all probability, be referred 

<lb></lb>to the motion of the Earth. </s><s>But that, if you ſo pleaſe, we will 

<lb></lb>reſerve till to morrow. </s><s>In the mean time, that I may not forget 

<lb></lb>it, I will ſpeak to one particular, to which I could have wiſhed, 

<lb></lb>that <emph type="italics"></emph>Gilbert<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> had not lent an ear; I mean that of admitting, that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg723"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>in caſe a little Sphere of Loadſtone might be exactly librated, it 

<lb></lb>would revolve in it ſelf; becauſe there is no reaſon why it ſhould 

<lb></lb>do ſo; For if the whole Terreſtrial Globe hath a natural facul­

<lb></lb>ty of revolving about its own centre in twenty four hours, and 

<lb></lb>that all its parts ought to have the ſame, I mean, that faculty of 

<lb></lb>turning round together with their <emph type="italics"></emph>whole,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> about its centre in twen­

<lb></lb>ty four hours; they already have the ſame in effect, whilſt that, 

<lb></lb>being upon the Earth, they turn round along with it: And the 

<lb></lb>aſſigning them a revolution about their particular centres, would 

<lb></lb>be to aſcribe unto them a ſecond motion much different from the 

<lb></lb>firſt; for ſo they would have two, namely, the revolving in twen­

<lb></lb>ty four hours about the centre of their <emph type="italics"></emph>whole<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; and the turning 

<lb></lb>about their own: now this ſecond is arbitrary, nor is there any 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/387.jpg" pagenum="377"></pb>reaſon for the introducing of it: If by pluoking away a piece 

<lb></lb>of Loadſtone from the whole natural maſſd, it were deprived of 

<lb></lb>the faculty of following it, as it did, whilſt it was unitedy thereto, 

<lb></lb>ſo that it is thereby deprived of the revodution about the univer­

<lb></lb>ſal centre of the Terreſtrial Globe, it might Chaply, with ſome­

<lb></lb>what greater probability be thought by ſome, that the ſaid Mag­

<lb></lb>net was to appropriate to it ſelf a new converſion about its parti­

<lb></lb>cular centre; but if it do no leſſe, when ſeparated, than when 

<lb></lb>conjoyned, continue always to purſue its firſt, eternal, and natu­

<lb></lb>ral courſe, to what purpoſe ſhould we go about to obtrude upon 

<lb></lb>it another new one?</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg723"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An improba­

<lb></lb>ble effect admired 

<lb></lb>by<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Gilbertus <emph type="italics"></emph>in the 

<lb></lb>Loadſtone.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I underſtand you very well, and this puts me in mind 

<lb></lb>of a Diſcourſe very like to this for the vanity of it, falling from 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg724"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>certain Writers upon the Sphere, and I think, if I well remem­

<lb></lb>ber, amongſt others from <emph type="italics"></emph>Sacroboſco,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who, to ſhew how the E­

<lb></lb>lement of Water, doth, together with the Earth, make a com­

<lb></lb>pleat Spherical Figure, and ſo between them both compoſe this 

<lb></lb>our Globe, writeth, that the ſeeing the ſmall ^{*} particles of water 

<lb></lb>ſhape themſelves into rotundity, as in the drops, and in the dew 

<lb></lb>daily apparent upon the leaves of ſeveral herbs, is a ſtrong ar­

<lb></lb>gument; and becauſe, according to the trite Axiome, there is 

<lb></lb>the ſame reaſon for the whole, as for the parts, the parts affecting 

<lb></lb>that ſame figure, it is neceſſary that the ſame is proper to the 

<lb></lb>whole Element: and truth is, methinks it is a great overſight 

<lb></lb>that theſe men ſhould not perceive ſo apparent a vanity, and con­

<lb></lb>ſider that if their argument had run right, it would have follow­

<lb></lb>ed, that not only the ſmall drops, but that any whatſoever greater 

<lb></lb>quantity of water ſeparated from the whole Element, ſhould be re­

<lb></lb>duced into a Globe: Which is not ſeen to happen; though indeed 

<lb></lb>the Senſes may ſee, and the Underſtanding perceive that the E­

<lb></lb>lement of Water loving to form it ſelf into a Spherical Figure 

<lb></lb>about the common centre of gravity, to which all grave bo­

<lb></lb>dies tend (that is, the centre of the Terreſtrial Globe) it 

<lb></lb>therein is followed by all its parts, according to the Axiome; 

<lb></lb>ſo that all the ſurfaces of Seas, Lakes, Pools, and in a word, 

<lb></lb>of all the parts of Waters conteined in veſſels, diſtend 

<lb></lb>themſelves into a Spherical Figure, but that Figure is an arch 

<lb></lb>of that Sphere that hath for its centre the centre of the Ter­

<lb></lb>reſtrial Globe, and do not make particular Spheres of them­

<lb></lb>ſelves.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg724"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The vain argu­

<lb></lb>mentation of ſome 

<lb></lb>to prove the Ele­

<lb></lb>ment of Water to 

<lb></lb>be of a Spherical 

<lb></lb>ſuper ficies.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>The errour indeed is childiſh; and if it had 

<lb></lb>been onely the ſingle miſtake of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sacroboſco,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I would eaſily 

<lb></lb>have allowed him in it; but to pardon it alſo to his Com­

<lb></lb>mentators, and to other famous men, and even to <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/388.jpg" pagenum="378"></pb>himſelfe; this I cannot do, without bluſhing for their repu­

<lb></lb>tation. </s><s>But it is high time to take leave, it row being 

<lb></lb>very late, and we being to meet again to morrow, 

<lb></lb>at the uſual hour, to bring all the foregoing 

<lb></lb>Diſcourſes to a final concluſion.

<lb></lb></s></p><pb xlink:href="065/01/389.jpg"></pb><figure id="id.065.01.389.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/389/1.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.389.2.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/389/2.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.389.3.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/389/3.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.389.4.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/389/4.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.389.5.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/389/5.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.389.6.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/389/6.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.389.7.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/389/7.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.389.8.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/389/8.jpg"></figure><p type="caption"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>Place this Plate 

<lb></lb>at the end of 

<lb></lb>the third<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>Dialogue</s></p><pb xlink:href="065/01/390.jpg"></pb></chap><chap>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/391.jpg" pagenum="379"></pb><p type="head"><s>GALILÆUS 

<lb></lb>Gailæus Lyncæus, 

<lb></lb>HIS 

<lb></lb>SYSTEME 

<lb></lb>OF THE 

<lb></lb>WORLD.</s></p><p type="head"><s>The Fourth Dialogue.</s></p><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>INTERLOCVTORS.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="head"><s>SALVIATUS, SAGREDUS, &amp; SIMPLICIUS.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I know not whether your return to our 

<lb></lb>accuſtomed conferences hath really been 

<lb></lb>later than uſual, or whether the deſire 

<lb></lb>of hearing the thoughts of <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>touching a matter ſo curious, hath 

<lb></lb>made me think it ſo: But I have tar­

<lb></lb>ried a long hour at this window, expe­

<lb></lb>cting every moment when the <emph type="italics"></emph>Gondola<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>would appear that I ſent to fetch you.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I verily believe that your imagination more than our 

<lb></lb>tarriance hath prolonged the time: and to make no longer de­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg725"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>murre, it would be well, if without interpoſing more words, we 

<lb></lb>came to the matter it ſelf; and did ſhew, that nature hath per­

<lb></lb>mitted (whether the buſineſs <emph type="italics"></emph>in rei veritate<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> be ſo, or elſe to play 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/392.jpg" pagenum="380"></pb>and ſport with our Fancies) hath, I ſay, hath permitted that the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg726"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>motions for every other reſpect, except to reſolve the ebbing and 

<lb></lb>flowing of the Sea, aſſigned long ſince to the earth, ſhould be found 

<lb></lb>now at laſt to anſwer exactly to the cauſe thereof; and, as it 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg727"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>were, with mutual a emulation, the ſaid ebbing and flowing 

<lb></lb>to appear in confirmation of the Terreſtrial motion: the <emph type="italics"></emph>judices<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>whereof have hitherto been taken from the cœleſtial Phænomena, 

<lb></lb>in regard that of thoſe things that happen on Earth, not any one 

<lb></lb>was of force to prove one opinion more than another, as we al­

<lb></lb>ready have at large proved, by ſhewing that all the terrene occur­

<lb></lb>rences upon which the ſtability of the Earth and mobility of the 

<lb></lb>Sun and Firmament is commonly inferred, are to ſeem to us per­

<lb></lb>formed in the ſame manner, though we ſuppoſed the mobility of 

<lb></lb>the Earth, and the immobility of them. </s><s>The Element of Wa­

<lb></lb>ter onely, as being moſt vaſt, and which is not annexed and con­

<lb></lb>catenated to the Terreſtrial Globe as all its other ſolid parts are; 

<lb></lb>yea, rather which by reaſon of its fluidity remaineth apart <emph type="italics"></emph>ſui 

<lb></lb>juris,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and free, is to be ranked amongſt thoſe ſublunary things, 

<lb></lb>from which we may collect ſome hinte and intimation of what the 

<lb></lb>Earth doth in relation to motion and reſt. </s><s>After I had many 

<lb></lb>and many a time examined with my ſelf the effects and accidents, 

<lb></lb>partly ſeen and partly underſtood from others, thar are to be ob­

<lb></lb>ſerved in the motions of waters: and moreover read and heard 

<lb></lb>the great vanities produced by many, as the cauſes of thoſe acci­

<lb></lb>dents, I have been induced upon no ſlight reaſons to omit theſe 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg728"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>two concluſions (having made withal the neceſſary preſuppo­

<lb></lb>ſals) that in caſe the terreſtrial Globe be immoveable, the flux 

<lb></lb>and reflux of the Sea cannot be natural; and that, in caſe thoſe 

<lb></lb>motions be conferred upon the ſaid Globe, which have been long 

<lb></lb>ſince aſſigned to it, it is neceſſary that the Sea be ſubject to eb­

<lb></lb>bing and flowing, according to all that which we obſerve to hap­

<lb></lb>pen in the ſame.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg725"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Nature in ſport 

<lb></lb>maketh the ebbing 

<lb></lb>and flowing of the 

<lb></lb>Sea, to approve the 

<lb></lb>Earths mobility.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg726"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The tide, and 

<lb></lb>mobility of the 

<lb></lb>Earth mutually 

<lb></lb>confirm each other<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg727"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>All terrene ef­

<lb></lb>fects, indifferently 

<lb></lb>confirm the motion 

<lb></lb>or reſt of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, except the 

<lb></lb>ebbing and flowing 

<lb></lb>of the Sea.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg728"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The firſt gene­

<lb></lb>ral concluſion of 

<lb></lb>the impoſſibility of 

<lb></lb>the ebbing and 

<lb></lb>flowing the immo­

<lb></lb>bility of the terre­

<lb></lb>ſtrial Globe being 

<lb></lb>granted.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>The Propoſition is very conſiderable, as well for it 

<lb></lb>ſelf as for what followeth upon the ſame by way of conſequence, 

<lb></lb>ſo that I ſhall the more intenſly hearken to the explanation and 

<lb></lb>confirmation of it.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg729"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg729"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The knowledge 

<lb></lb>of the offests con­

<lb></lb>tributes to the in­

<lb></lb>veſtigation of the 

<lb></lb>cauſes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Becauſe in natural queſtions, of which number this 

<lb></lb>which we have in hand is one, the knowledge of the effects is a 

<lb></lb>means to guide us to the inveſtigation and diſcovery of the cau­

<lb></lb>ſes, and without which we ſhould walk in the dark, nay with 

<lb></lb>more uncertainty, for that we know not whither we would go, 

<lb></lb>whereas the blind, at leaſt, know where they deſire to arrive; there­

<lb></lb>fore firſt of all it is neceſſary to know the effects whereof we en­

<lb></lb>quire the cauſes: of which effects you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ought more 

<lb></lb>abundantly and more certainly to be informed than I am, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/393.jpg" pagenum="381"></pb>as one, that beſides your being born, and having, for a long 

<lb></lb>time, dwelt in <emph type="italics"></emph>Venice,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> where the Tides are very notable for their 

<lb></lb>greatneſſe, have alſo ſailed into <emph type="italics"></emph>Syria,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and, as an ingenuous and 

<lb></lb>apprehenſive wit, muſt needs have made many Obſervations up­

<lb></lb>on this ſubject: whereas I, that could onely for a time, and that 

<lb></lb>very ſhort, obſerve what happened in theſe extream parts of the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Adriatick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Gulph, and in our Seas below about the <emph type="italics"></emph>Tyrrhene<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>ſhores, muſt needs take many things upon the relation of o­

<lb></lb>thers, who, for the moſt part, not very well agreeing, and con­

<lb></lb>ſequently being very uncertain, contribute more of confuſion 

<lb></lb>than confirmation to our ſpeculations. </s><s>Nevertheleſſe, from thoſe 

<lb></lb>that we are ſure of, and which are the principal, I think I am a­

<lb></lb>ble to attain to the true and primary cauſes; not that I pretend 

<lb></lb>to be able to produce all the proper and adequate reaſons of 

<lb></lb>thoſe effects that are new unto me, and which conſequently I 

<lb></lb>could never have thought upon. </s><s>And that which I have to ſay, 

<lb></lb>I propoſe only, as a key that openeth the door to a path never 

<lb></lb>yet trodden by any, in certain hope, that ſome wits more ſpecu­

<lb></lb>lative than mine, will make a further progreſſe herin, and pene­

<lb></lb>trate much farther than I ſhall have done in this my firſt Diſco­

<lb></lb>very: And although that in other Seas, remote from us, there may 

<lb></lb>happen ſeveral accidents, which do not happen in our Mediter­

<lb></lb>ranean Sea, yet doth not this invalidate the reaſon and cauſe that 

<lb></lb>I ſhall produce, if ſo be that it veriſie and fully reſolve the ac­

<lb></lb>cidents which evene in our Sea: for that in concluſion there can 

<lb></lb>be but one true and primary cauſe of the effects that are of the 

<lb></lb>ſame kind. </s><s>I will relate unto you, therefore, the effects that I 

<lb></lb>know to be true, and aſſigne the cauſes thereof that I think 

<lb></lb>to be true, and you alſo, Gentlemen, ſhall produce ſuch 

<lb></lb>others as are known to you, beſides mine, and then we will 

<lb></lb>try whether the cauſe, by me alledged, may ſatisfie them 

<lb></lb>alſo.</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg730"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg730"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Three Periods 

<lb></lb>of ebbings and 

<lb></lb>flowings, diurnal, 

<lb></lb>monethly, and an­

<lb></lb>nual.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>I therefore affirm the periods that are obſerved in the fluxes 

<lb></lb>and refluxes of the Sea-waters to be three: the firſt and princi­

<lb></lb>pal is this great and moſt obvious one; namely, the diurnal, accor­

<lb></lb>ding to which the intervals of ſome hours with the waters flow and 

<lb></lb>ebbe; and theſe intervals are, for the moſt part, in the Mediter­

<lb></lb>rane from ſix hours to ſix hours, or thereabouts, that is, they for 

<lb></lb>ſix hours flow, and for ſix hours ebbe. </s><s>The ſecond period is 

<lb></lb>monethly, and it ſeemes to take its origen from the motion of 

<lb></lb>the Moon, not that it introduceth other motions, but only al­

<lb></lb>tereth the greatneſſe of thoſe before mentioned, with a notable 

<lb></lb>difference, according as it ſhall wax or wane, or come to the 

<lb></lb>Quadrature with the Sun. </s><s>The third Period is annual, and is 

<lb></lb>ſeen to depend on the Sunne, and onely altereth the diurnal 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/394.jpg" pagenum="382"></pb>motions, by making them different in the times of the Sol­

<lb></lb>ſtices, as to greatneſſe, from what they are in the Equinoxes.</s></p><p type="main"><s>We will ſpeak (in the firſt place, of the diurnal motion, as 

<lb></lb>being the principal, and upon which the Moon and Sun ſeem to 

<lb></lb>exerciſe their power ſecondarily, in their monethly and annual </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg731"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>alterations. </s><s>Three differences are obſervable in theſe horary 

<lb></lb>mutations; for in ſome places the waters riſe and fall, without 

<lb></lb>making any progreſſive motion; in others, without riſing or fal­

<lb></lb>ling they run one while towards the Eaſt, and recur another 

<lb></lb>while towards the Weſt; and in others they vary the heights 

<lb></lb>and courſe alſo, as happeneth here in <emph type="italics"></emph>Venice,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> where the Tides in 

<lb></lb>coming in riſe, and in going out fall; and this they do in the ex­

<lb></lb>termities of the lengths of Gulphs that diſtend from Weſt to 

<lb></lb>Eaſt, and terminate in open ſhores, up along which ſhores the 

<lb></lb>Tide at time of flood hath room to extend it ſelf: but if the 

<lb></lb>courfe of the Tide were iutercepted by Cliffes and Banks of 

<lb></lb>great height and ſteepneſſe, there it will flow and ebbe without 

<lb></lb>any progreſſive motion. </s><s>Again, it runs to and again, without 

<lb></lb>changing height in the middle parts of the Mediterrane, as nota­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg732"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>bly happeneth in the ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Faro de Meſſina,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> between <emph type="italics"></emph>Scylla<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ca­

<lb></lb>rybdis,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> where the Currents, by reaſon of the narrowneſſe of 

<lb></lb>the Channel, are very ſwift; but in the more open Seas, and 

<lb></lb>about the Iſles that ſtand farther into the Mediterranean Sea, as 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg733"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Baleares, Corſica, Sardignia, ^{*} Elba, Sicily<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> towards the <emph type="italics"></emph>Affrican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg734"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Coaſts, <emph type="italics"></emph>Malta, ^{*} Candia, &amp;c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the changes of watermark are 

<lb></lb>very ſmall; but the currents indeed are very notable, and eſpe­

<lb></lb>cially when the Sea is pent between Iſlands, or between them 

<lb></lb>and the Continent.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg731"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Varieties that 

<lb></lb>happen in the diur­

<lb></lb>nal period.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg732"></margin.target>* A Strait, ſo 

<lb></lb>called.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg733"></margin.target>* Or Ilva.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg734"></margin.target>* Or Creta.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Now theſe onely true and certain effects, were there no more 

<lb></lb>to be obſerved, do, in my judgment, very probably perſwade 

<lb></lb>any man, that will contain himſelf within the bounds of natu­

<lb></lb>ral cauſes, to grant the mobility of the Earth: for to make the 

<lb></lb>veſſel (as it may be called) of the Mediterrane ſtand ſtill, and to 

<lb></lb>make the water contained therein to do, as it doth, exceeds my 

<lb></lb>imagination, and perhaps every mans elſe, who will but pierce 

<lb></lb>beyond the rinde in theſe kind of inquiries.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>Theſe accidents, <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> begin not now, they are 

<lb></lb>moſt ancient, and have been obſerved by very many, and ſeveral 

<lb></lb>have attempted to aſſigne, ſome one, ſome another cauſe for the 

<lb></lb>ſame: and there dwelleth not many miles from hence a famous 

<lb></lb>Peripatetick, that alledgeth a cauſe for the ſame newly fiſhed out 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg735"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of a certain Text of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> not well underſtood by his Ex­

<lb></lb>poſitors, from which Text he collecteth, that the true cauſe of 

<lb></lb>theſe motions doth only proceed from the different profundities 

<lb></lb>of Seas: for that the waters of greateſt depth being greater in 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/395.jpg" pagenum="383"></pb>abundance, and therefore more grave, drive back the Waters 

<lb></lb>of leſſe depth, which being afterwards raiſed, deſire to de­

<lb></lb>ſcend, and from this continual colluctation or conteſt proceeds 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg736"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the ebbing and flowing. </s><s>Again thoſe that referre the ſame to the 

<lb></lb>Moon are many, ſaying that ſhe hath particular Dominion over 

<lb></lb>the Water; and at laſt a certain Prelate hath publiſhed a little 

<lb></lb>Treatiſe, wher in he ſaith that the Moon wandering too and 

<lb></lb>fro in the Heavens attracteth and draweth towards it a Maſſe of 

<lb></lb>Water, which goeth continually following it, ſo that it is full Sea 

<lb></lb>alwayes in that part which lyeth under the Moon; and becauſe, 

<lb></lb>that though ſhe be under the Horizon, yet nevertheleſſe the Tide 

<lb></lb>returneth, he ſaith that no more can be ſaid for the ſalving of that 

<lb></lb>particular, ſave onely, that the Moon doth not onely naturally 

<lb></lb>retain this faculty in her ſelf; but in this caſe hath power to con­

<lb></lb>fer it upon that degree of the Zodiack that is oppoſite unto it. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Others, as I believe you know, do ſay that the Moon is able 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg737"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>with her temperate heat to rarefie the Water, which being ra­

<lb></lb>refied, doth thereupon flow. </s><s>Nor hath there been wanting ſome 

<lb></lb>that ----</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg735"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The cauſe of the 

<lb></lb>abbing and flowing 

<lb></lb>alledged by a cer­

<lb></lb>tain modern Phi­

<lb></lb>loſopher.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg736"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The cauſe of 

<lb></lb>the ebbing and 

<lb></lb>flowing aſcribed to 

<lb></lb>the Moon by a 

<lb></lb>certain Prelate.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg737"></margin.target>Hieronymus Bor­

<lb></lb>rius <emph type="italics"></emph>and other<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Pe­

<lb></lb>ripateticks <emph type="italics"></emph>refer it 

<lb></lb>to the temperate 

<lb></lb>heat of the Moon.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I pray you <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> let us hear no more of them, 

<lb></lb>for I do not think it is worth the while to waſt time in relating 

<lb></lb>them, or to ſpend our breath in confuting them; and for your 

<lb></lb>part, if you gave your aſſent to any of theſe or the like foole­

<lb></lb>ries, you did a great injury to your judgment, which neverthe­

<lb></lb>leſſe I acknowledg to be very piercing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But I that am a little more flegmatick than you, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagre-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg738"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>dus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will ſpend a few words in favour of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> if haply 

<lb></lb>he thinks that any probability is to be found in thoſe things that 

<lb></lb>he hath related. </s><s>I ſay therefore: The Waters, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that 

<lb></lb>have their exteriour ſuperficies higher, repel thoſe that are infe­

<lb></lb>riour to them, and lower; but ſo do not thoſe Waters that are 

<lb></lb>of greateſt profundity; and the higher having once driven back 

<lb></lb>the lower, they in a ſhort time grow quiet and ^{*} level. </s><s>This 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg739"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>your <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> muſt needs be of an opinion, that all the Lakes 

<lb></lb>in the World that are in a calme, and that all the Seas where 

<lb></lb>the ebbing and flowing is inſenſible, are level in their bottoms; 

<lb></lb>but I was ſo ſimple, that I perſwaded my ſelf that had we no o­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg740"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ther plummet to ſound with, the Iſles that advance ſo high a­

<lb></lb>bove Water, had been a ſufficient evidence of the unevenneſſe 

<lb></lb>of their bottomes. </s><s>To that Prelate I could ſay that the Moon 

<lb></lb>runneth every day along the whole Mediterrane, and yet its 

<lb></lb>Waters do not riſe thereupon ſave onely in the very extream 

<lb></lb>bounds of it Eaſtward, and here to us at <emph type="italics"></emph>Venice.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And for thoſe 

<lb></lb>that make the Moons temperate heat able to make the Water 

<lb></lb>ſwell, bid them put fire under a Kettle full of Water, and hold 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/396.jpg" pagenum="384"></pb>their right hand therein till that the Water by reaſon of the heat 

<lb></lb>do riſe but one ſole inch, and then let them take it out, and 

<lb></lb>write off the tumefaction of the Sea. </s><s>Or at leaſt deſire them to 

<lb></lb>ſhew you how the Moon doth to rarefie a certain part of the 

<lb></lb>Waters, and not the remainder; as for inſtance, theſe here of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Venice,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and not thoſe of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ancona, Naples, Genova<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: the truth is 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg741"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Poetick Wits are of two kinds, ſome are ready and apt to 

<lb></lb>invent Fables, and others diſpoſed and inclined to believe them.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg738"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Anſwers to the 

<lb></lb>vanities alledged 

<lb></lb>as cauſes of the eb­

<lb></lb>bing and flowing.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg739"></margin.target>+ Or rather 

<lb></lb>ſmooth.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg740"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Iſles are to­

<lb></lb>kens of the une­

<lb></lb>venneſſe of the 

<lb></lb>bottomes of Seas.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg741"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Poetick wits of 

<lb></lb>two kinds.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe that no man believeth Fables, ſo long as he 

<lb></lb>knows them to be ſo; and of the opinions concerning the cauſes 

<lb></lb>of ebbing and flowing, which are many, becauſe I know that of 

<lb></lb>one ſingle effect there is but one ſingle cauſe that is true and pri­

<lb></lb>mary, I underſtand very well, and am certain that but one alone 

<lb></lb>at the moſt can be true, and for all the reſt I am ſure that they are 

<lb></lb>fabulous, and falſe; and its poſſible that the true one may not be 

<lb></lb>among thoſe that have been hitherto produced; nay I verily be­

<lb></lb>lieve that it is not, for it would be very ſtrange that the truth 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg742"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſhould have ſo little light, as that it ſhould not be viſible amongſt 

<lb></lb>the umbrages of ſo many falſhoods. </s><s>But this I ſhall ſay with the 

<lb></lb>liberty that is permitted amongſt us, that the introduction of the 

<lb></lb>Earths motion, and the making it the cauſe of the ebbing and 

<lb></lb>flowing of Tides, ſeemeth to me as yet a conjecture no leſſe fa­

<lb></lb>bulous than the reſt of thoſe that I have heard; and if there 

<lb></lb>ſhould not be propoſed to me reaſons more conformable to natu­

<lb></lb>ral matters, I would without any more ado proceed to believe 

<lb></lb>this to be a ſupernatural effect, and therefore miraculous, and 

<lb></lb>unſearchable to the underſtandings of men, as infinite others there 

<lb></lb>are, that immediately depend on the Omnipotent hand of God.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg743"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg742"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Truth hath not 

<lb></lb>ſo little light as 

<lb></lb>not to be diſcover­

<lb></lb>ed amidſt the um­

<lb></lb>brages of fal­

<lb></lb>ſhoods.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg743"></margin.target>Ariſtotle <emph type="italics"></emph>holdeth 

<lb></lb>thoſe effects to be 

<lb></lb>miraculous, of 

<lb></lb>which the cauſes 

<lb></lb>are unknown.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You argue very prudently, and according to the 

<lb></lb>Doctrine of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who you know in the beginning of his 

<lb></lb>mechanical queſtions referreth thoſe things to a Miracle, the 

<lb></lb>cauſes whereof are occult. </s><s>But that the cauſe of the ebbing and 

<lb></lb>flowing is one of thoſe that are not to be found out, I believe 

<lb></lb>you have no greater proof than onely that you ſee, that amongſt 

<lb></lb>all thoſe that have hitherto been produced for true cauſes there­

<lb></lb>of, there is not one wherewith, working by what artifice you 

<lb></lb>will, we are able to repreſent ſuch an effect; in regard that nei­

<lb></lb>ther with the light of the Moon nor of the Sun, nor with 

<lb></lb>temperate heats, nor with different profundities, ſhall one ever 

<lb></lb>artificially make the Water conteined in an immoveable Veſſel 

<lb></lb>to run one way or another, and to ebbe and flow in one place, 

<lb></lb>and not in another. </s><s>But if without any other artifice, but with 

<lb></lb>the onely moving of the Veſſel, I am able punctually to repre­

<lb></lb>ſent all thoſe mutations that are obſerved in the Sea Water, why 

<lb></lb>will you refuſe this reaſon and run to a Miracle?</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/397.jpg" pagenum="385"></pb><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I will run to a Miracle ſtill, if you do not with ſome 

<lb></lb>other natural cauſes, beſides that of the motion of the Veſſels of 

<lb></lb>the Sea-water diſſwade me from it; for I know that thoſe Veſſels 

<lb></lb>move not, in regard that all the entire Terreſtrial Globe is natu­

<lb></lb>rally immoveable.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>But do not you think, that the Terreſtrial Globe might 

<lb></lb>ſupernaturally, that is, by the abſolute power of God, be made 

<lb></lb>moveable? </s><s>SIMP. </s><s>Who doubts it?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Then <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſeeing that to make the flux and 

<lb></lb>reflux of the Sea, it is neceſſary to introduce a Miracle, let us 

<lb></lb>ſuppoſe the Earth to move miraculouſly, upon the motion of 

<lb></lb>which the Sea moveth naturally: and this effect ſhall be alſo the 

<lb></lb>more ſimple, and I may ſay natural, amongſt the miraculous o­

<lb></lb>perations, in that the making a Globe to move round, of which 

<lb></lb>kind we ſee many others to move, is leſſe difficult than to make 

<lb></lb>an immenſe maſſe of water go forwards and backwards, in one 

<lb></lb>place more ſwiftly, and in another leſſe, and to riſe and fall in 

<lb></lb>ſome places more; in ſome leſſe, and in ſome not at all: and to 

<lb></lb>work all theſe different effects in one and the ſame Veſſel that 

<lb></lb>containeth it: beſides, that theſe are ſeveral Miracles, and that 

<lb></lb>is but one onely. </s><s>And here it may be added, that the Miracle 

<lb></lb>of making the water to move is accompanied with another, 

<lb></lb>namely, the holding of the Earth ſtedfaſt againſt impetuosities 

<lb></lb>of the water, able to make it ſwage ſometimes one way, and 

<lb></lb>ſometimes another, if it were not miraculouſly kept to rights.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Good <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> let us for the preſent ſuſpend our 

<lb></lb>judgement about ſentencing the new opinion to be vain that <emph type="italics"></emph>Sal­

<lb></lb>viatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is about to explicate unto us, nor let us ſo haſtily flye out 

<lb></lb>into paſſion like the ſcolding overgrown Haggs: and as for the 

<lb></lb>Miracle, we may as well recurre to it when we have done hea­

<lb></lb>ring the Diſcourſes contained within the bounds of natural cau­

<lb></lb>ſes: though to ſpeak freely, all the Works of nature, or rather 

<lb></lb>of God, are in my judgement miraculous.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>And I am of the ſame opinion; nor doth my ſaying, 

<lb></lb>that the motion of the Earth is the Natural cauſe of the ebbing 

<lb></lb>and flowing, hinder, but that the ſaid motion of the Earth may 

<lb></lb>be miraculous. </s><s>Now reaſſuming our Argument, I apply, and 

<lb></lb>once again affirm, that it hath been hitherto unknown how it 

<lb></lb>might be that the Waters contained in our Mediterranean 

<lb></lb>Straights ſhould make thoſe motions, as we ſee it doth, if ſo be 

<lb></lb>the ſaid Straight, or containing Veſſel were immoveable. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>that which makes the difficulty, and rendreth this matter inextri­

<lb></lb>cable, are the things which I am about to ſpeak of, and which 

<lb></lb>are daily obſerved. </s><s>Therefore lend me your attention.</s></p><p type="main"><s>We are here in <emph type="italics"></emph>Venice,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> where at this time the Waters are low, </s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/398.jpg" pagenum="386"></pb><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg744"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the Sea calm, the Air tranquil; ſuppoſe it to be young flood, 

<lb></lb>and that in the term of five or ſix hours the water do riſe ten 

<lb></lb>^{*} hand breadths and more; that riſe is not made by the firſt 

<lb></lb>water, which was ſaid to be rarefied, but it is done by the acceſ­

<lb></lb>ſion of new Water: Water of the ſame ſort with the former, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg745"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of the ſame brackiſhneſs, of the ſame denſity, of the ſame 

<lb></lb>weight: Ships, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> float therein as in the former, with­

<lb></lb>out drawing an hairs breadth more water; a Barrel of this ſecond 

<lb></lb>doth not weigh one ſingle grain more or leſs than ſuch another 

<lb></lb>quantity of the other, and retaineth the ſame coldneſs without 

<lb></lb>the leaſt alteration: And it is, in a word, Water newly and viſi­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg746"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>bly entred by the Channels and Mouth of the ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Lio.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Conſider 

<lb></lb>now, how and from whence it came thither. </s><s>Are there happly 

<lb></lb>hereabouts any Gulphs or Whirle pools in the bottom of the 

<lb></lb>Sea, by which the Earth drinketh in and ſpueth out the Water, 

<lb></lb>breathing as it were a great and monſtruous Whale? </s><s>But if this 

<lb></lb>be ſo, how comes it that the Water doth not flow in the ſpace of 

<lb></lb>ſix hours in <emph type="italics"></emph>Ancona,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in ^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Raguſa,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in <emph type="italics"></emph>Corfu,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> where the Tide is ve­

<lb></lb>ry ſmall, and happly unobſervable? </s><s>Who will invent a way to 

<lb></lb>pour new Water into an immoveable Veſſel, and to make that 

<lb></lb>it riſe onely in one determinate part of it, and in other places 

<lb></lb>not? </s><s>Will you ſay, that this new Water is borrowed from the 

<lb></lb>Ocean, being brought in by the Straight of <emph type="italics"></emph>Gibraltar<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>? </s><s>This 

<lb></lb>will not remove the doubt aforeſaid, but will beget a greater. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And firſt tell me what ought to be the current of that Water, 

<lb></lb>that entering at the Straights mouth, is carried in ſix hours to 

<lb></lb>the remoteſt Creeks of the Mediterrane, at a diſtance of two 

<lb></lb>or three thouſand Miles, and that returneth the ſame ſpace again 

<lb></lb>in a like time at its going back? </s><s>What would Ships do that lye out 

<lb></lb>at Sea? </s><s>What would become of thoſe that ſhould be in the 

<lb></lb>Straights-mouth in a continual precipice of a vaſt accumulation of 

<lb></lb>Waters, that entering in at a Channel but eight Mile, broad, is to 

<lb></lb>give admittance to ſo much Water as in ſix hours over-floweth a 

<lb></lb>tract of many hundred Miles broad, &amp; thouſands in length? </s><s>What 

<lb></lb>Tygre, what Falcon runneth or flyeth with ſo much ſwiftneſs? 

<lb></lb></s><s>With the ſwiftneſs, I ſay, of above 400 Miles an hour. </s><s>The cur­

<lb></lb>rents run (nor can it be denied) the long-wayes of the Gulph, but 

<lb></lb>ſo ſlowly, as that a Boat with Oars will out-go them, though in­

<lb></lb>deed not without defalking for their wanderings. </s><s>Moreover, if this 

<lb></lb>Water come in at the Straight, the other doubt yet remaineth, 

<lb></lb>namely, how it cometh to flow here ſo high in a place ſo remote, 

<lb></lb>without firſt riſing a like or greater height in the parts more adja­

<lb></lb>cent? </s><s>In a word, I cannot think that either obſtinacy, or ſharpneſs 

<lb></lb>of wit can ever find an anſwer to theſe Objections, nor conſe­

<lb></lb>quently to maintain the ſtability of the Earth againſt them, keep­

<lb></lb>ing within the bounds of Nature.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/399.jpg" pagenum="387"></pb><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg744"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is proved 

<lb></lb>impoſſible that 

<lb></lb>there ſhould natu­

<lb></lb>rally be any ebbing 

<lb></lb>and flowing, the 

<lb></lb>Earth being im­

<lb></lb>moveable.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg745"></margin.target>* Palms.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg746"></margin.target>+ <emph type="italics"></emph>Lio<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> is a fair 

<lb></lb>Port in the Vene­

<lb></lb>tian Gulph, lying 

<lb></lb>N. E. from the 

<lb></lb>City.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I have all the while perfectly apprehended you in this; 

<lb></lb>and I ſtand greedily attending to hear in what manner theſe won­

<lb></lb>ders may occur without obſtruction from the motion already aſ­

<lb></lb>ſigned to the Earth.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Theſe effects being to enſue in conſequence of the mo­

<lb></lb>tions that naturally agree with the Earth, it is neceſſary that they 

<lb></lb>not onely meet with no impediment or obſtacle, but that they do 

<lb></lb>follow eaſily, &amp; not onely that they follow with facility, but with 

<lb></lb>neceſſity, ſo as that it is impoſſible that it ſhould ſucceed otherwiſe, 

<lb></lb>for ſuch is the property &amp; condition of things natural &amp; true. </s><s>Ha­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg747"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ving therefore ſhewen the impoſſibility of rendring a reaſon of the 

<lb></lb>motions diſcerned in the Waters, &amp; at the ſame time to maintain 

<lb></lb>the immobility of the veſſel that containeth them: we may proceed 

<lb></lb>to enquire, whether the mobility of the Container may produce 

<lb></lb>the required effect, in the manner that it is obſerved to evene.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg747"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>True and natu­

<lb></lb>ral effects follow 

<lb></lb>without difficulty.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>Two kinds of motions may be conferred upon a Veſſel, where­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg748"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>by the Water therein contained, may acquire a faculty of flu­

<lb></lb>ctuating in it, one while towards one ſide, and another while 

<lb></lb>towards another; and there one while to ebbe, and another 

<lb></lb>while to flow. </s><s>The firſt is, when firſt one, and then another of 

<lb></lb>thoſe ſides is declined, for then the Water running towards the 

<lb></lb>inclining ſide, will alternately be higher and lower, ſometimes 

<lb></lb>on one ſide, and ſometimes on another. </s><s>But becauſe that this 

<lb></lb>riſing and abating is no other than a receſſion and acceſſion to the 

<lb></lb>centre of the Earth, ſuch a motion cannot be aſcribed to the Cavi­

<lb></lb>ties of the ſaid Earth, that are the Veſſels which contain the Wa­

<lb></lb>ters; the parts of which Veſſel cannot by any whatſoever motion 

<lb></lb>aſſigned to the Earth, be made to approach or recede from the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg749"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>centre of the ſame: The other ſort of motion is, when the 

<lb></lb>Veſſel moveth (without inclining in the leaſt) with a progreſſive 

<lb></lb>motion, not uniform, but that changeth velocity, by ſometimes 

<lb></lb>accellerating, and other times retarding: from which diſparity 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg750"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>it would follow, that the Water contained in the Veſſel its true, 

<lb></lb>but not fixed faſt to it, as its other ſolid parts, but by reaſon of 

<lb></lb>its fluidity, as if it were ſeparated and at liberty, and not obli­

<lb></lb>ged to follow all the mutations of its Container, in the retardation 

<lb></lb>of the Veſſel, it keeping part of the <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> before conceived, 

<lb></lb>would run towards the the preceding part, whereupon it would 

<lb></lb>of neceſſity come to riſe; and on the contrary, if new velocity 

<lb></lb>ſhould be added to the Veſſel, with retaining parts of its tardity, 

<lb></lb>ſtaying ſomewhat behind, before it could habituate it ſelf to the 

<lb></lb>new <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it would hang back towards the following part, 

<lb></lb>where it would come to riſe ſomething. </s><s>The which effects we 

<lb></lb>may plainly declare and make out to the Senſe by the example of 

<lb></lb>one of thoſe ſame Barks yonder, which continually come from 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/400.jpg" pagenum="388"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg751"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>^{*} <emph type="italics"></emph>Lizza-Fuſina,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> laden with freſh water, for the ſervice of the City. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Let us therefore fancy one of thoſe Barks, to come from thence 

<lb></lb>with moderate velocity along the Lake, carrying the water gently, 

<lb></lb>of which it is full: and then either by running a ground, or by 

<lb></lb>ſome other impediment that it ſhall meet with, let it be notably 

<lb></lb>retarded. </s><s>The water therein contained ſhall not, by that means, 

<lb></lb>loſe, as the Bark doth, its pre-conceived <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but retaining 

<lb></lb>the ſame, ſhall run forwards towards the prow, where it ſhall 

<lb></lb>riſe notably, falling as much a ſtern. </s><s>But if, on the contrary, 

<lb></lb>the ſaid Bark, in the midſt of its ſmooth courſe, ſhall have a new 

<lb></lb>velocity, with notable augmentation added to it, the water con­

<lb></lb>tained before it can habituate it ſelf thereto, continuing in its 

<lb></lb>tardity, ſhall ſtay behinde, namely a ſtern, where of conſe­

<lb></lb>quence it ſhall mount, and abate for the ſame at the prow. </s><s>This 

<lb></lb>effect is undoubted and manifeſt, and may hourly be experimen­

<lb></lb>ted; in which I deſire that for the preſent three particulars may 

<lb></lb>be noted. </s><s>The flrſt is, that to make the water to riſe on one 

<lb></lb>ſide of the veſſel, there is no need of new water, nor that it run 

<lb></lb>thither, forſaking the other ſide. </s><s>The ſecond is, that the water 

<lb></lb>in the middle doth not riſe or fall notably, unleſſe the courſe of 

<lb></lb>the Bark were not before that very ſwift, and the ſhock or other 

<lb></lb>arreſt that held it exceeding ſtrong and ſudden, in which caſe its 

<lb></lb>poſſible, that not only all the water might run forwards, but 

<lb></lb>that the greater part thereof might iſſue forth of the Bark: and 

<lb></lb>the ſame alſo would enſue, whilſt that being under ſail in a 

<lb></lb>ſmooth courſe, a moſt violent <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhould, upon an inſtant, 

<lb></lb>overtake it: But when to its calme motion there is added a mo­

<lb></lb>derate retardation or incitation, the middle parts (as I ſaid) un­

<lb></lb>obſervedly riſe and fall: and the other parts, according as they 

<lb></lb>are neerer to the middle, riſe the leſſe; and the more remote, 

<lb></lb>more. </s><s>The third is, that whereas the parts about the midſt do 

<lb></lb>make little alteration in riſing and falling, in reſpect of the wa­

<lb></lb>ters of the ſides; on the contrary, they run forwards and back­

<lb></lb>wards very much, in compariſon of the extreams. </s><s>Now, my 

<lb></lb>Maſters, that which the Bark doth, in reſpect of the water by it 

<lb></lb>contained, and that which the water contained doth, in re­

<lb></lb>ſpect of the Bark its container, is the ſelf-ſame, to an hair, with 

<lb></lb>that which the Mediterranean Veſſel doth, in reſpect of the wa­

<lb></lb>ters in it contained, and that which the waters contained do, in 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg752"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>reſpect of the Mediterranean Veſſel their container. </s><s>It follow­

<lb></lb>eth now that we demonſtrate how, and in what manner it is true, 

<lb></lb>that the Mediterrane, and all the other Straits; and in a word, 

<lb></lb>all the parts of the Earth do all move, with a motion notably 

<lb></lb>uneven, though no motion that is not regular and uniforme, is 

<lb></lb>thereby aſſigned to all the ſaid Globe taken collectively.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/401.jpg" pagenum="389"></pb><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg748"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Two ſorts of 

<lb></lb>motions of the con­

<lb></lb>taining Veſſel, may 

<lb></lb>make the contai­

<lb></lb>ned water to riſe 

<lb></lb>and fall.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg749"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Cavities of 

<lb></lb>the Earth cannot 

<lb></lb>approach or go far­

<lb></lb>ther from the cen­

<lb></lb>tre of the ſame.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg750"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The progpeſſive 

<lb></lb>and uneven motion 

<lb></lb>may make the wa­

<lb></lb>ter contained in a 

<lb></lb>Veſſel to run to 

<lb></lb>and fro.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg751"></margin.target>+ A Town ly­

<lb></lb>ing S. E. of <emph type="italics"></emph>Venice<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg752"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The parts of the 

<lb></lb>terreſtrial Globe 

<lb></lb>accelerate and re­

<lb></lb>tard in their moti­

<lb></lb>on.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>This Propoſition, at firſt ſight to me, that am neither 

<lb></lb>Geometrician nor Aſtronomer, hath the appearance of a very 

<lb></lb>great Paradox; and if it ſhould be true, that the motion of the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>whole,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> being regular, that of the parts, which are all united to 

<lb></lb>their <emph type="italics"></emph>whole,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> may be irregular, the Paradox will overthrow the 

<lb></lb>Axiome that affirmeth, <emph type="italics"></emph>Eandem eſſe rationem totius &amp; par­

<lb></lb>tium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will demonſtrate my Paradox, and leave it to your 

<lb></lb>care, <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to defend the Axiome from it, or elſe to re­

<lb></lb>concile them; and my demonſtration ſhall be ſhort and fa­

<lb></lb>miliar, depending on the things largely handled in our prece­

<lb></lb>dent conferences, without introducing the leaſt ſyllable, in fa­

<lb></lb>vour of the flux and reflux.</s></p><p type="main"><s>We have ſaid, that the motions aſſigned to the Terreſtrial 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg753"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Globe are two, the firſt Annual, made by its centre about the 

<lb></lb>circumference of the Grand Orb, under the Ecliptick, according 

<lb></lb>to the order of the Signes, that is, from Weſt to Eaſt; the other 

<lb></lb>made by the ſaid Globe revolving about its own centre in twenty 

<lb></lb>four hours; and this likewiſe from Weſt to Eaſt: though a­

<lb></lb>bout an Axis ſomewhat inclined, and not equidiſtant from that 

<lb></lb>of the Annual converſion. </s><s>From the mixture of theſe two mo­

<lb></lb>tions, each of it ſelf uniform, I ſay, that there doth reſult an 

<lb></lb>uneven and deformed motion in the parts of the Earth. </s><s>Which, 

<lb></lb>that it may the more eaſily be underſtood, I will explain, by 

<lb></lb>drawing a Scheme thereof. </s><s>And firſt, about the centre A [<emph type="italics"></emph>in 

<lb></lb>Fig. </s><s>1. of this Dialogue<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>] I will deſcribe the circumference of 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg754"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the Grand Orb B C, in which any point being taken, as B, 

<lb></lb>about it as a centre we will deſcribe this leſſer circle D E F G, 

<lb></lb>repreſenting the Terreſtrial Globe; the which we will ſuppoſe 

<lb></lb>to run thorow the whole circumference of the Grand Orb, with 

<lb></lb>its centre B, from the Weſt towards the Eaſt, that is, from the 

<lb></lb>part B towards C; and moreover we will ſuppoſe the Terre­

<lb></lb>ſtrial Globe to turn about its own centre B likewiſe from Weſt 

<lb></lb>to Eaſt, that is, according to the ſucceſſion of the points 

<lb></lb>D E F G, in the ſpace of twenty four hours. </s><s>But here we 

<lb></lb>ought carefully to note, that a circle turning round upon its 

<lb></lb>own centre, each part of it muſt, at different times, move with 

<lb></lb>contrary motions: the which is manifeſt, conſidering that whilſt 

<lb></lb>the parts of the circumference, about the point D move to the 

<lb></lb>left hand, that is, towards E, the oppoſite parts that are about F, 

<lb></lb>approach to the right hand, that is, towards G; ſo that when 

<lb></lb>the parts D ſhall be in F, their motion ſhall be contrary to what 

<lb></lb>it was before. </s><s>when it was in D. Furthermore, the ſame time 

<lb></lb>that the parts E deſcend, if I may ſo ſpeak, towards F, thoſe in 

<lb></lb>G aſcend towards D. </s><s>It being therefore preſuppoſed, that 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/402.jpg" pagenum="390"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg755"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>there are ſuch contrarieties of motions in the parts of the Terre­

<lb></lb>ſtrial Surface, whilſt it turneth round upon its own centre, it is 

<lb></lb>neceſſary, that in conjoyning this Diurnal Motion, with the other 

<lb></lb>Annual, there do reſult an abſolute motion for the parts of the 

<lb></lb>ſaid Terreſtrial Superficies, one while very accelerate, and ano­

<lb></lb>ther while as ſlow again. </s><s>The which is manifeſt, conſidering 

<lb></lb>firſt the parts about D, the abſolute motion of which ſhall be 

<lb></lb>extream ſwift, as that which proceedeth from two motions made 

<lb></lb>both one way, namely, towards the left hand; the firſt of 

<lb></lb>which is part of the Annual Motion, common to all the parts of 

<lb></lb>the Globe, the other is that of the ſaid point D., carried likewiſe 

<lb></lb>to the left, by the Diurnal Revolution; ſo that, in this caſe, the 

<lb></lb>Diurnal motion increaſeth and accelerateth the Annual. </s><s>The 

<lb></lb>contrary to which happeneth in the oppoſite part F, which, whilſt 

<lb></lb>it is by the common annual motion carried, together with the 

<lb></lb>whole Globe, towards the left, it happeneth to be carried by the 

<lb></lb>Diurnal converſion alſo towards the right: ſo that the Diur­

<lb></lb>nal motion by that means detracteth from the Annual, where­

<lb></lb>upon the abſolute motion, reſulting from the compoſition of both 

<lb></lb>the other, is much retarded. </s><s>Again, about the points E and G, 

<lb></lb>the abſolute motion becometh in a manner equal to the ſimple 

<lb></lb>Annual one, in regard that little or nothing increaſeth or dimi­

<lb></lb>niſheth it, as not tending either to the left hand, or to the right, 

<lb></lb>but downwards and upwards. </s><s>We will conclude therefore, that 

<lb></lb>like as it is true, that the motion of the whole Globe, and of 

<lb></lb>each of its parts, would be equal and uniforme, in caſe they did 

<lb></lb>move with one ſingle motion, whether it were the meer Annual, 

<lb></lb>or the ſingle Diurnal Revolution, ſo it is requiſite, that mixing 

<lb></lb>thoſe two motions together, there do reſult thence for the parts 

<lb></lb>of the ſaid Globe irregular motions, one while accelerated, and 

<lb></lb>another while retarded, by means of the additions or ſubſtracti­

<lb></lb>ons of the Diurnal converſion from the annual circulation. </s><s>So 

<lb></lb>that, if it be true (and moſt true it is, as experience proves) that 

<lb></lb>the acceleration and retardation of the motion of the Veſ­

<lb></lb>ſel, makes water contained therein to run to and again the long 

<lb></lb>waves of it, and to riſe and fall in its extreames, who will make 

<lb></lb>ſcruple of granting, that the ſaid effect may, nay ought to ſuc­

<lb></lb>ceed in the Sea-waters, contained within their Veſſels, ſubject to 

<lb></lb>ſuch like alterations, and eſpecially in thoſe that diſtend them­

<lb></lb>ſelves long-wayes from Weſt to Eaſt, which is the courſe that 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg756"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the motion of thoſe ſame Veſſels ſteereth? </s><s>Now this is the 

<lb></lb>moſt potent and primary cauſe of the ebbing and flowing, with­

<lb></lb>out the which no ſuch effect would enſue. </s><s>But becauſe the par­

<lb></lb>ticular accidents are many and various, that in ſeveral places and 

<lb></lb>times are obſerved, which muſt of neceſſity have dependance 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/403.jpg" pagenum="391"></pb>on other different concomitant cauſes, although they ought all 

<lb></lb>to have connexion with the primary; therefore it is convenient 

<lb></lb>that we propound and examine the ſeveral accidents that may 

<lb></lb>be the cauſes of ſuch different effects.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg753"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Demonſtrations 

<lb></lb>how the parts of 

<lb></lb>the terreſtriall 

<lb></lb>Globe accelerats 

<lb></lb>and ratard.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg754"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The parts of a 

<lb></lb>Circle regularly 

<lb></lb>moved about its 

<lb></lb>own centre move in 

<lb></lb>divers times with 

<lb></lb>contrary motions.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg755"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The mixture of 

<lb></lb>the two motions 

<lb></lb>annnal and diur­

<lb></lb>nal, cauſeth the 

<lb></lb>inequality in the 

<lb></lb>motion of the parts 

<lb></lb>of the terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg756"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The moſt potent 

<lb></lb>and primary cauſe 

<lb></lb>of the ebbing and 

<lb></lb>flowing.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>The firſt of which is, that when ever the water, by means of a 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg757"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>notable retardation or acceleration of the motion of the Veſſel, 

<lb></lb>its container, ſhall have acquired a cauſe of running towards this 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg758"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>or that extream, and ſhall be raiſed in the one, and abated in the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg759"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>other, it ſhall not nevertheleſſe continue, for any time in that 

<lb></lb>ſtate, when once the primary cauſe is ceaſed: but by vertue of 

<lb></lb>its own gravity and natural inclination to level and grow, even it 

<lb></lb>ſhall ſpeedily return backwards of its own accord, and, as being 

<lb></lb>grave and fluid, ſhall not only move towards <emph type="italics"></emph>Æquilibrium<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; but 

<lb></lb>being impelled by its own <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhall go beyond it, riſing in 

<lb></lb>the part, where before it was loweſt; nor ſhall it ſtay here, but 

<lb></lb>returning backwards anew, with more reiterated reciprocations of 

<lb></lb>its undulations, it ſhall give us to know, that it will not from a 

<lb></lb>velocity of motion, once conceived, reduce it ſelf, in an inſtant, 

<lb></lb>to the privation thereof, and to the ſtate of reſt, but will ſucceſ­

<lb></lb>ſively, by decreaſing a little and a little, reduce it ſelf unto the 

<lb></lb>ſame, juſt in the ſame manner as we ſee a weight hanging at a 

<lb></lb>cord, after it hath been once removed from its ſtate of reſt, that 

<lb></lb>is, from its perpendicularity, of its own accord, to return thither 

<lb></lb>and ſettle it ſelf, but not till ſuch time as it ſhall have often 

<lb></lb>paſt to one ſide, and to the other, with its reciprocall vi­

<lb></lb>brations.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg757"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Sundry accidents 

<lb></lb>that happen in the 

<lb></lb>ebbings &amp; flowings<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg758"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The first acci­

<lb></lb>dent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg759"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Water rai­

<lb></lb>ſed in one end of 

<lb></lb>the Veſſel return­

<lb></lb>eth of its ſelf to<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Æquilibrium.</s></p><p type="main"><s>The ſecond accident to be obſerved is, that the before­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg760"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>declared reciprocations of motion come to be made and repeated 

<lb></lb>with greater or leſſer frequency, that is, under ſhorter or longer 

<lb></lb>times, according to the different lengths of the Veſſels contain­

<lb></lb>ing the waters; ſo that in the ſhorter ſpaces the reciprocati­

<lb></lb>ons are more frequent, and in the longer more rare: juſt as in 

<lb></lb>the former example of pendent bodies, the vibrations of thoſe 

<lb></lb>that are hanged to longer cords are ſeen to be leſſe frequent, 

<lb></lb>than thoſe of them that hang at ſhorter ſtrings.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg760"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>In the ſhorter 

<lb></lb>Viſſels the undula­

<lb></lb>tions of waters are 

<lb></lb>more frequent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>And here, for a third obſervation, it is to be noted, that not 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg761"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>onely the greater or leſſer length of the Veſſel is a cauſe that 

<lb></lb>the water maketh its reciprocations under different times; but 

<lb></lb>the greater or leſſer profundity worketh the ſame effect. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>it happeneth, that of waters contained in receptacles of equall 

<lb></lb>length, but of unequal depth, that which ſhall be the deepeſt, 

<lb></lb>maketh its undulations under ſhorter times, and the reciprocati­

<lb></lb>ons of the ſhallower waters are leſſe frequent.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg761"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The greater 

<lb></lb>profundity maketh 

<lb></lb>the undulations of 

<lb></lb>waters more fre­

<lb></lb>quent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>Fourthly, there are two effects worthy to be noted, and di­

<lb></lb>ligently obſerved, which the water worketh in thoſe its vibra­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/404.jpg" pagenum="392"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg762"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>tions; the one is its riſing and falling alternately towards the 

<lb></lb>one and other extremity; the other is its moving and running, to 

<lb></lb>ſo ſpeak, Horizontally forwards and backwards. </s><s>Which two dif­

<lb></lb>ferent motions differently reſide in divers parts of the Water: 

<lb></lb>for its extream parts are thoſe which moſt eminently riſe and fall; 

<lb></lb>thoſe in the middle never abſolutely moving upwards and down­

<lb></lb>wards, of the reſt ſucceſſively thoſe that are neereſt to the ex­

<lb></lb>treams riſe and fall proportionally more than the remote: but on 

<lb></lb>the contrary, touching the other progreſſive motion forwards 

<lb></lb>and backwards, the middle parts move notably, going and re­

<lb></lb>turning, and the waters that are in the extream parts gain no 

<lb></lb>ground at all; ſave onely in caſe that in their riſing they over­

<lb></lb>flow their banks, and break forth of their firſt channel and re­

<lb></lb>ceptacle; but where there is the obſtacle of banks to keep them 

<lb></lb>in, they onely riſe and fall; which yet hindereth not the waters 

<lb></lb>in the middle from fluctuating to and again; which likewiſe 

<lb></lb>the other parts do in proportion, undulating more or leſſe, 

<lb></lb>according as they are neerer or more remote from the middle.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg763"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg762"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Water riſeth &amp; 

<lb></lb>falleth in the ex­

<lb></lb>tream parts of the 

<lb></lb>Veſſel, and runneth 

<lb></lb>to and fro in the 

<lb></lb>midst.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg763"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>An accident of 

<lb></lb>the Earths motions 

<lb></lb>impoſſible to be re­

<lb></lb>duced to practice 

<lb></lb>by art.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>The fifth particular accident ought the more attentively to be 

<lb></lb>conſidered, in that it is impoſſible to repreſent the effect there­

<lb></lb>of by an experiment or example; and the accident is this. </s><s>In 

<lb></lb>the veſſels by us framed with art, and moved, as the above­

<lb></lb>named Bark, one while more, and another while leſſe ſwiftly, 

<lb></lb>the acceleration and retardation is imparted in the ſame manner 

<lb></lb>to all the veſſel, and to every part of it; ſo that whilſt <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the 

<lb></lb>Bark forbeareth to move, the parts precedent retard no more 

<lb></lb>than the ſubſequent, but all equally partake of the ſame re­

<lb></lb>tardment; and the ſelf-ſame holds true of the acceleration, 

<lb></lb>namely, that conferring on the Bark a new cauſe of grea­

<lb></lb>ter velocity, the Prow and Poop both accelerate in one and 

<lb></lb>the ſame manner. </s><s>But in huge great veſſels, ſuch as are the very 

<lb></lb>long bottomes of Seas, albeit they alſo are no other than cer­

<lb></lb>tain cavities made in the ſolidity of the Terreſtrial Globe, 

<lb></lb>it alwayes admirably happeneth, that their extreams do not 

<lb></lb>unitedly equall, and at the ſame moments of time increaſe 

<lb></lb>and diminiſh their motion, but it happeneth that when one of its 

<lb></lb>extreames hath, by vertue of the commixtion of the two 

<lb></lb>Motions, Diurnal, and Annual, greatly retarded its velocity, 

<lb></lb>the other extream is animated with an extream ſwift motion. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Which for the better underſtanding of it we will explain, reaſ­

<lb></lb>ſuming a Scheme like to the former; in which if we do but ſup­

<lb></lb>poſe a tract of Sea to be long, <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> a fourth part, as is the arch 

<lb></lb>B C [<emph type="italics"></emph>in Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2.] becauſe the parts B are, as hath been already 

<lb></lb>declared, very ſwift in motion, by reaſon of the union of the 

<lb></lb>two motions diurnal and annual, towards one and the ſame way, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/405.jpg" pagenum="393"></pb>but the part C at the ſame time is retarded in its motion, as be 

<lb></lb>ing deprived of the progreſſion dependant on the diurnal motion: 

<lb></lb>If we ſuppoſe, I ſay, a tract of Sea as long as the arch B C, we 

<lb></lb>have already ſeen, that its extreams ſhall move in the ſame time 

<lb></lb>with great inequality. </s><s>And extreamly different would the velo­

<lb></lb>cities of a tract of Sea be that is in length a ſemicircle, and pla­

<lb></lb>ced in the poſition B C D, in regard that the extream B would 

<lb></lb>be in a moſt accelerate motion, and the other D, in a moſt ſlow 

<lb></lb>one; and the intermediate parts towards C, would be in a 

<lb></lb>moderate motion. </s><s>And according as the ſaid tracts of Sea ſhall 

<lb></lb>be ſhorter, they ſhall leſſe participate of this extravagant acci­

<lb></lb>dent, of being in ſome hours of the day with their parts diverſly 

<lb></lb>affected by velocity and tardity of motion. </s><s>So that, if, as in the firſt 

<lb></lb>caſe, we ſee by experience that the acceleration and retardation, 

<lb></lb>though equally imparted to all the parts of the conteining Veſſel, 

<lb></lb>is the cauſe that the water contained, fluctuates too and again, what 

<lb></lb>may we think would happen in a Veſſel ſo admirably diſpoſed, 

<lb></lb>that retardation and acceleration of motion is very unequally 

<lb></lb>contributed to its parts? </s><s>Certainly we muſt needs grant that 

<lb></lb>greater and more wonderful cauſes of the commotions in the 

<lb></lb>Water ought to be looked for. </s><s>And though it may ſeem im­

<lb></lb>poſſible to ſome, that in artificial Machines and Veſſels we ſhould 

<lb></lb>be able to experiment the effects of ſuch an accident; yet ne­

<lb></lb>vertheleſſe it is not abſolutely impoſſible to be done; and I have 

<lb></lb>by me the model of an Engine, in which the effect of theſe admi­

<lb></lb>rable commixtions of motions may be particularly obſerved. </s><s>But 

<lb></lb>as to what concerns our preſent purpoſe, that which you may 

<lb></lb>have hitherto comprehended with your imagination may ſuf­

<lb></lb>fice.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I for my own particular very well conceive that this 

<lb></lb>admirable accident ought neceſſarily to evene in the Straights of 

<lb></lb>Seas, and eſpecially in thoſe that diſtend themſelves for a great 

<lb></lb>length from Weſt to Eaſt; namely according to the courſe of 

<lb></lb>the motions of the Terreſtrial Globe; and as it is in a certain 

<lb></lb>manner unthought of, and without a preſident among the moti­

<lb></lb>ons poſſible to be made by us, ſo it is not hard for me to believe, 

<lb></lb>that effects may be derived from the ſame, which are not to be i­

<lb></lb>mitated by our artificial experiments.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Theſe things being declared, it is time that we pro­

<lb></lb>ceed to examine the particular accidents, which, together with 

<lb></lb>their diverſities, are obſerved by experience in the ebbing and 

<lb></lb>flowing of the waters. </s><s>And firſt we need not think it hard to </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg764"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>gueſſe whence it happeneth, that in Lakes, Pooles, and alſo in the 

<lb></lb>leſſer Seas there is no notable flux and reflux; the which hath 

<lb></lb>two very ſolid reaſons. </s><s>The one is, that by reaſon of the ſhort­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/406.jpg" pagenum="394"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg765"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>neſſe of the Veſſel, in its acquiring in ſeveral hours of the day 

<lb></lb>ſeveral degrees of velocity, they are with very little difference 

<lb></lb>acquired by all its parts; for as well the precedent as the ſubſe­

<lb></lb>quent, that is to ſay, both the Eaſtern and Weſtern parts, do 

<lb></lb>accelerate and retard almoſt in the ſame manner; and withal 

<lb></lb>making that alteration by little and little, and not by giving the 

<lb></lb>motion of the conteining Veſſel a ſudden check, and retard­

<lb></lb>ment, or a ſudden and great impulſe or acceleration; both it 

<lb></lb>and all its parts, come to be gently and equally impreſſed with 

<lb></lb>the ſame degrees of velocity; from which uniformity it follow­

<lb></lb>eth, that alſo the conteined water with but ſmall reſiſtance and 

<lb></lb>oppoſition, receiveth the ſame impreſſions, and by conſequence 

<lb></lb>doth give but very obſcure ſignes of its riſing or falling, or of its 

<lb></lb>running towards one part or another. </s><s>The which effect is likewiſe 

<lb></lb>manifeſtly to be ſeen in the little artificial Veſſels, wherein the 

<lb></lb>contained water doth receive the ſelf ſame impreſſions of veloci­

<lb></lb>ty; when ever the acceleration and retardation is made by gentle 

<lb></lb>and uniform proportion. </s><s>But in the Straights and Bays that for a 

<lb></lb>great length diſtend themſelves from Eaſt to Weſt, the accele­

<lb></lb>ration and retardation is more notable and more uneven, for 

<lb></lb>that one of its extreams ſhall be much retarded in motion, and 

<lb></lb>the other ſhall at the ſame time move very ſwiftly: The reci­

<lb></lb>procal libration or levelling of the water proceeding from the <emph type="italics"></emph>im­

<lb></lb>petus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that it had conceived from the motion of its container. 

<lb></lb></s><s>The which libration, as hath been noted, hath its undulations 

<lb></lb>very frequent in ſmall Veſſels; from whence enſues, that though 

<lb></lb>there do reſide in the Terreſtrial motions the cauſe of confer­

<lb></lb>ring on the waters a motion onely from twelve hours to twelve 

<lb></lb>hours, for that the motion of the conteining Veſſels do ex­

<lb></lb>treamly accelerate and extreamly retard but once every day, 

<lb></lb>and no more; yet nevertheleſſe this ſame ſecond cauſe depend­

<lb></lb>ing on the gravity of the water which ſtriveth to reduce it ſelf to 

<lb></lb>equilibration, and that according to the ſhortneſſe of the Veſ­

<lb></lb>ſel hath its reciprocations of one, two, three, or more hours, this 

<lb></lb>intermixing with the firſt, which alſo it ſelf in ſmall Veſſels is 

<lb></lb>very little, it becommeth upon the whole altogether inſenſible. 

<lb></lb></s><s>For the primary cauſe, which hath the periods of twelve hours, 

<lb></lb>having not made an end of imprinting the precedent commoti­

<lb></lb>on, it is overtaken and oppoſed by the other ſecond, depen­

<lb></lb>dant on the waters own weight, which according to the brevity 

<lb></lb>and profundity of the Veſſel, hath the time of its undulations of 

<lb></lb>one, two, three, four, or more hours; and this contending 

<lb></lb>with the other former one, diſturbeth and removeth it, not per­

<lb></lb>mitting it to come to the height, no nor to the half of its moti­

<lb></lb>on; and by this conteſtation the evidence of the ebbing and 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/407.jpg" pagenum="395"></pb>flowing is wholly annihilated, or at leaſt very much obſcured. 

<lb></lb></s><s>I paſſe by the continual alteration of the air, which diſquieting 

<lb></lb>the water, permits us not to come to a certainty, whether any, 

<lb></lb>though but ſmall, encreaſe or abatement of half an inch, or 

<lb></lb>leſſe, do reſide in the Straights, or receptacles of water not a­

<lb></lb>bove a degree or two in length.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg764"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Reaſons renew­

<lb></lb>ed of the particu­

<lb></lb>lar accidents ob­

<lb></lb>ſerved in the eb­

<lb></lb>bings and flowings.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg765"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Second cauſes 

<lb></lb>why in ſmall Seas 

<lb></lb>and in Lakes there 

<lb></lb>are no ebbings and 

<lb></lb>flowings.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>I come in the ſecond place to reſolve the queſtion, why, there 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg766"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>not reſiding any vertue in the primary principle of commoving 

<lb></lb>the waters, ſave onely every twelve hours, that is to ſay, once 

<lb></lb>by the greateſt velocity, and once by the greateſt tardity of 

<lb></lb>motion; the ebbings and flowings ſhould yet nevertheleſſe ap­

<lb></lb>pear to be every ſix hours. </s><s>To which is anſwered, that this de­

<lb></lb>termination cannot any wayes be taken from the primary cauſe 

<lb></lb>onely; but there is a neceſſity of introducing the ſecondary cau­

<lb></lb>ſes, as namely the greater or leſſe length of the Veſſels, and 

<lb></lb>the greater or leſſe depth of the waters in them conteined. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Which cauſes although they have not any operation in the moti­

<lb></lb>ons of the waters, thoſe operations belonging to the ſole prima­

<lb></lb>ry cauſe, without which no ebbing or flowing would happen, 

<lb></lb>yet nevertheleſſe they have a principal ſhare in determining the 

<lb></lb>times or periods of the reciprocations, and herein their influ­

<lb></lb>ence is ſo powerful, that the primary cauſe muſt of force give 

<lb></lb>way unto them. </s><s>The period of ſix hours therefore is no more 

<lb></lb>proper or natural than thoſe of other intervals of times, though 

<lb></lb>indeed its the moſt obſerved, as agreeing with our Mediterrane, 

<lb></lb>which was the onely Sea that for many Ages was navigated: 

<lb></lb>though neither is that period obſerved in all its parts; for 

<lb></lb>that in ſome more anguſt places, ſuch as are the <emph type="italics"></emph>Helle­

<lb></lb>ſpont,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ægean<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Sea, the periods are much ſhorter, 

<lb></lb>and alſo very divers amongſt themſelves; for which diver­

<lb></lb>ſities, and their cauſes incomprehenſible to <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſome 

<lb></lb>ſay, that after he had a long time obſerved it upon ſome 

<lb></lb>cliffes of <emph type="italics"></emph>Negropont,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> being brought to deſperation, he threw 

<lb></lb>himſelf into the adjoyning <emph type="italics"></emph>Euripus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and voluntarily drowned 

<lb></lb>himſelf.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg766"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The reaſon gi­

<lb></lb>ven, why the eb­

<lb></lb>bings and flowings, 

<lb></lb>for the moſt part, 

<lb></lb>are every ſix 

<lb></lb>hours.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>In the third place we have the reaſon ready at hand, whence 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg767"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>it commeth to paſſe, that ſome Seas, although very long, as is 

<lb></lb>the Red Sea, are almoſt altogether exempt from Tides, which 

<lb></lb>happeneth becauſe their length extendeth not from Eaſt to 

<lb></lb>Weſt, but rather tranſverſly from the Southeaſt to the North­

<lb></lb>weſt; but the motions of the Earth going from Weſt to Eaſt; 

<lb></lb>the impulſes of the water, by that means, alwayes happen to fall 

<lb></lb>in the Meridians, and do not move from parallel to parallel; 

<lb></lb>inſomuch that in the Seas that extend themſelves athwart to­

<lb></lb>wards the Poles, and that the contrary way are narrow, there is 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/408.jpg" pagenum="396"></pb>no cauſe of ebbing and flowing, ſave onely by the participation 

<lb></lb>of another Sea, wherewith it hath communication, that is ſub­

<lb></lb>ject to great commotions.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg768"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg767"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The cauſe why 

<lb></lb>ſome Seas, though 

<lb></lb>very long, ſuffer 

<lb></lb>no ebbing and 

<lb></lb>flowing.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg768"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Ebbings and 

<lb></lb>flowings why grea­

<lb></lb>teſt in the extre­

<lb></lb>mities of gulphs, 

<lb></lb>and leaſt in the 

<lb></lb>middle parts.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>In the fourth place we ſhall very eaſily find out the reaſon 

<lb></lb>why the fluxes and refluxes are greateſt, as to the waters riſing 

<lb></lb>and falling in the utmoſt extremities of Gulphs, and leaſt in the 

<lb></lb>intermediate parts; as daily experience ſheweth here in <emph type="italics"></emph>Venice,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>lying in the farther end of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Adriatick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Sea, where that diffe­

<lb></lb>rence commonly amounts to five or ſix feet; but in the places 

<lb></lb>of the Mediterrane, far diſtant from the extreams, that mutati­

<lb></lb>on is very ſmall, as in the Iſles of <emph type="italics"></emph>Corſica<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Sardinnia,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and 

<lb></lb>in the Strands of <emph type="italics"></emph>Rome<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ligorne,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> where it exceeds not half a 

<lb></lb>foot; we ſhall underſtand alſo, why on the contrary, where 

<lb></lb>the riſings and fallings are ſmall, the courſes and recourſes are 

<lb></lb>great: I ſay it is an eaſie thing to underſtand the cauſes of theſe 

<lb></lb>accidents, ſeeing that we meet with many manifeſt occurrences 

<lb></lb>of the ſame nature in every kind of Veſſel by us artificially com­

<lb></lb>poſed, in which the ſame effects are obſerved naturally to fol­

<lb></lb>low upon our moving it unevenly, that is, one while faſter, and 

<lb></lb>another while ſlower.</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg769"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg769"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Why in narrow 

<lb></lb>places the courſe 

<lb></lb>of the waters is 

<lb></lb>more ſwift than in 

<lb></lb>larger.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>Moreover, conſidering in the fifth place, that the ſame 

<lb></lb>quantity of Water being moved, though but gently, in a ſpatious 

<lb></lb>Channel, comming afterwards to go through a narrow paſſage, 

<lb></lb>will of neceſſity run, with great violence, we ſhall not finde it hard 

<lb></lb>to comprehend the cauſe of the great Currents that are made 

<lb></lb>in the narrow Channel that ſeparateth <emph type="italics"></emph>Calabria<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from <emph type="italics"></emph>Sicilia:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>for that all the Water that, by the ſpaciouſneſſe of the Iſle, 

<lb></lb>and by the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ionick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Gulph, happens to be pent in the Eaſtern 

<lb></lb>part of the Sea, though it do in that, by reaſon of its largeneſs, 

<lb></lb>gently deſcend towards the Weſt, yet nevertheleſſe, in that it 

<lb></lb>is pent up in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Boſphorus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it floweth with great violence be­

<lb></lb>tween <emph type="italics"></emph>Scilla<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Caribdis,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and maketh a great agitation. </s><s>Like to 

<lb></lb>which, and much greater, is ſaid to be betwixt <emph type="italics"></emph>Africa<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the 

<lb></lb>great Iſle of St. <emph type="italics"></emph>Lorenzo,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> where the Waters of the two vaſt 

<lb></lb>Seas, <emph type="italics"></emph>Indian<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Ethiopick,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that lie round it, muſt needs be 

<lb></lb>ſtraightned into a leſſe Channel between the ſaid Iſle and the 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ethiopian<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Coaſt. </s><s>And the Currents muſt needs be very great 

<lb></lb>in the Straights of <emph type="italics"></emph>Magellanes,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which joyne together the 

<lb></lb>vaſt Oceans of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ethiopia,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Del Zur,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> called alſo the <emph type="italics"></emph>Pacifick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Sea.</s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg770"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg770"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A diſcuſſion of 

<lb></lb>ſome more abſtruſe 

<lb></lb>accidents obſerved 

<lb></lb>in the ebbing and 

<lb></lb>flowing.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>It follows now, in the ſixth place, that to render a reaſon of 

<lb></lb>ſome more abſtruſe and incredible accidents, which are obſer­

<lb></lb>ved upon this occaſion, we make a conſiderable reflection upon 

<lb></lb>the two principal cauſes of ebbings and flowings, afterwards 

<lb></lb>compounding and mixing them together. </s><s>The firſt and ſimpleſt 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/409.jpg" pagenum="397"></pb>of which is (as hath often been ſaid) the determinate accelera­

<lb></lb>tion and retardation of the parts of the Earth, from whence 

<lb></lb>the Waters have a determinate period put to their decurſions 

<lb></lb>towards the Eaſt, and return towards the Weſt, in the time of 

<lb></lb>twenty ſour hours. </s><s>The other is that which dependeth on the pro­

<lb></lb>per gravity of the Water, which being once commoved by the 

<lb></lb>primary cauſe, ſeeketh, in the next place, to reduce it ſelf to <emph type="italics"></emph>Æ­

<lb></lb>quilibrium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with iterated reciprocations; which are not deter­

<lb></lb>mined by one ſole and prefixed time; but have as many varie­

<lb></lb>ties of times as are the different lengths and profundities of the 

<lb></lb>receptacles, and Straights of Seas; and by what dependeth on 

<lb></lb>this ſecond principle, they would ebbe. </s><s>and flow, ſome in one 

<lb></lb>hour, others in two, in four, in ſix, in eight, in ten, &amp;c. </s><s>Now if 

<lb></lb>we begin to put together the firſt cauſe, which hath its ſet Period 

<lb></lb>from twelve hours to twelve hours, with ſome one of the ſecon­

<lb></lb>dary, that hath its Period <emph type="italics"></emph>verb. </s><s>grat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from five hours to five 

<lb></lb>hours, it would come to paſſe, that at ſometimes the primary 

<lb></lb>cauſe and ſecondary would accord to make impulſes both one 

<lb></lb>and the ſame way; and in this concurrency, and (as one may call 

<lb></lb>it) unanimous conſpiration the flowings ſhall be great. </s><s>At other 

<lb></lb>times it happening that the primary impulſe doth, in a certain 

<lb></lb>manner, oppoſe that which the ſecondary Period would make, 

<lb></lb>and in this conteſt one of the Principles being taken away, that 

<lb></lb>which the other would give, will weaken the commotion of the 

<lb></lb>Waters, and the Sea will return to a very tranquil State, and 

<lb></lb>almoſt immoveable. </s><s>And at other times, according as the two 

<lb></lb>aforeſaid Principles ſhall neither altogether conteſt, nor altoge­

<lb></lb>ther concur, there ſhall be other kinds of alterations made in 

<lb></lb>the increaſe and diminution of the ebbing and flowing. </s><s>It may 

<lb></lb>likewiſe fall out that two Seas, conſiderably great and which 

<lb></lb>communicate by ſome narrow Channel, may chance to have, by 

<lb></lb>reaſon of the mixtion of the two Principles of motion, one 

<lb></lb>cauſe to flow at the time that the other hath cauſe to move a 

<lb></lb>contrary way; in which caſe in the Channel, whereby they diſ­

<lb></lb>imbogue themſelves into each other, there do extraordinary 

<lb></lb>conturbations inſue, with oppoſite and vortick motions, and 

<lb></lb>moſt dangerous boilings and breakings, as frequent relations 

<lb></lb>and experiences do aſſure us. </s><s>From ſuch like diſcordant moti­

<lb></lb>ons, dependent not onely on the differenr poſitions and longi­

<lb></lb>tudes, but very much alſo upon the different profundities of the 

<lb></lb>Seas, which have the ſaid intercourſe there do happen at ſome­

<lb></lb>times different commotions in the Waters, irregular, and that 

<lb></lb>can be reduced to no rules of obſervation, the reaſons of which 

<lb></lb>have much troubled, and alwayes do trouble Mariners, for that 

<lb></lb>they meet with them without ſeeing either impulſe of winds, or 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/410.jpg" pagenum="398"></pb>other eminent aereal alteration that might occaſion the ſame; of 

<lb></lb>which diſturbance of the Air we ought to make great account 

<lb></lb>in other accidents, and to take it for a third and accidental 

<lb></lb>cauſe, able to alter very much the obſervation of the effects de­

<lb></lb>pending on the ſecondary and more eſſential cauſes. </s><s>And it is 

<lb></lb>not to be doubted, but that impetuous windes, continuing to 

<lb></lb>blow, for example, from the Eaſt, they ſhall retein the Waters 

<lb></lb>and prohibit the reflux or ebbing; whereupon the ſecond and 

<lb></lb>third reply of the flux or tide overtaking the former, at the 

<lb></lb>hours prefixed, they will ſwell very high; and being thus born 

<lb></lb>up for ſome dayes, by the ſtrength of the Winds, they ſhall riſe 

<lb></lb>more than uſual, making extraordinary inundations.</s></p><p type="main"><s>We ought alſo, (and this ſhall ſerve for a ſeventh Probleme) 

<lb></lb>to take notice of another cauſe of motion dependant on the 

<lb></lb>great abundance of the Waters of great Rivers that diſcharge </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg771"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>themſelves into Seas of no great capacity, whereupon in the 

<lb></lb>Straits or <emph type="italics"></emph>Boſphori<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that communicate with thoſe Seas, the Waters 

<lb></lb>are ſeen to run always one way: as it happeneth in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Thraci­

<lb></lb>an Boſphorus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> below <emph type="italics"></emph>Conſtantinople,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> where the water alwayes 

<lb></lb>runneth from the <emph type="italics"></emph>Black-Sea,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> towards the <emph type="italics"></emph>Propontis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: For in the 

<lb></lb>ſaid <emph type="italics"></emph>Black-Sea<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by reaſon of its ſhortneſſe, the principal cauſes 

<lb></lb>of ebbing and flowing are but of ſmall force. </s><s>But, on the con­

<lb></lb>trary, very great Rivers falling into the ſame, thoſe huge de­

<lb></lb>fluxions of water being to paſſe and diſgorge themſelves by the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg772"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the Straight, the ^{*}courſe is there very notable and alwayes to­

<lb></lb>wards the South. </s><s>Where moreover we ought to take notice, that 

<lb></lb>the ſaid Straight or Channel, albeit very narrow, is not ſubject 

<lb></lb>to perturbations, as the Straight of <emph type="italics"></emph>Soilla<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Carybdis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; for that 

<lb></lb>that hath the <emph type="italics"></emph>Black-Sea<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> above towards the North, and the <emph type="italics"></emph>Pro­

<lb></lb>pontis,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the <emph type="italics"></emph>Ægean,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the <emph type="italics"></emph>Mediterranean<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Seas joyned unto it, 

<lb></lb>though by a long tract towards the South; but now, as we have 

<lb></lb>obſerved, the Seas, though of never ſo great length, lying North 

<lb></lb>and South, are not much ſubject to ebbings and flowings; but 

<lb></lb>becauſe the <emph type="italics"></emph>Sicilian<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Straight is ſituate between the parts of the 

<lb></lb>Mediterrane diſtended for a long tract or diſtance from Weſt to 

<lb></lb>Eaſt, that is, according to the courſe of the fluxes and refluxes, 

<lb></lb>therefore in this the agitations are very great; and would be 

<lb></lb>much more violent between <emph type="italics"></emph>Hercules Pillars,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in caſe the 

<lb></lb>Straight of <emph type="italics"></emph>Gibraltar<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> did open leſſe; and thoſe of the Straight of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Magellanes<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are reported to be extraordinary violent.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg771"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The cauſe why, 

<lb></lb>in ſome narrow 

<lb></lb>Channels, we ſee 

<lb></lb>the Sea-waters run 

<lb></lb>alwayes one way.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg772"></margin.target>* Or current.</s></p><p type="main"><s>This is what, for the preſent, cometh into my mind to ſay unto 

<lb></lb>you about the cauſes of this firſt period diurnal of the Tide, and 

<lb></lb>its various accidents, touching which, if you have any thing to 

<lb></lb>offer, you may let us hear it, that ſo we may afterwards pro­

<lb></lb>ceed to the other two periods, monethly and annual.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/411.jpg" pagenum="399"></pb><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>In my opinion, it cannot be denied, but that your diſ­

<lb></lb>courſe carrieth with it much of probability, arguing, as we ſay, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>ex ſuppoſitione,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> namely, granting that the Earth moveth with 

<lb></lb>the two motions aſſigned it by <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: but if that motion 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg773"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>be diſproved, all that you have ſaid is vain, and inſignificant: 

<lb></lb>and for the diſproval of that <emph type="italics"></emph>Hypotheſis,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> it is very manifeſtly 

<lb></lb>hinted by your Diſcourſe it ſelf. </s><s>You, with the ſuppoſition of 

<lb></lb>the two Terreſtrial motions, give a reaſon of the ebbing and 

<lb></lb>flowing; and then again, arguing circularly, from the ebbing 

<lb></lb>and flowing, draw the reaſon and confirmation of thoſe very 

<lb></lb>motions; aud ſo proceeding to a more ſpecious Diſcourſe, you 

<lb></lb>ſay that the Water, as being a fluid body, and not tenaciouſly 

<lb></lb>annexed to the Earth, is not conſtrained punctually to obey eve­

<lb></lb>ry of its motions, from which you afterwards infer its ebbing 

<lb></lb>and flowing, Now I, according to your own method, argue 

<lb></lb>the quite contrary, and ſay; the Air is much more tenuous, and 

<lb></lb>fluid than the Water, and leſſe annexed to the Earths ſuperfici­

<lb></lb>es, to which the Water, if it be for nothing elſe, yet by reaſon 

<lb></lb>of its gravity that preſſeth down upon the ſame more than the 

<lb></lb>light Air, adhereth; therefore the Air is much obliged to fol­

<lb></lb>low the motions of the Earth: and therefore were it ſo, that the 

<lb></lb>Earth did move in that manner, we the inhabitants of it, and 

<lb></lb>carried round with like velocity by it, ought perpetually to feel 

<lb></lb>a Winde from the Eaſt that beateth upon us with intolerable 

<lb></lb>force. </s><s>And that ſo it ought to fall out, quotidian experience aſ­

<lb></lb>ſureth us: for if with onely riding poſt, at the ſpeed of eight or 

<lb></lb>ten miles an hour in the tranquil Air, the incountering of it with 

<lb></lb>our face ſeemeth to us a Winde that doth not lightly blow upon 

<lb></lb>us, what ſhould we expect from our rapid courſe of 800. or a 

<lb></lb>thouſand miles an hour, againſt the Air, that is, free from that 

<lb></lb>motion? </s><s>And yet, notwithſtanding we cannot perceive any 

<lb></lb>thing of that nature.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg773"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Hypotheſir 

<lb></lb>of the Earths mo­

<lb></lb>bility taken in fa­

<lb></lb>vour of the Tide, 

<lb></lb>oppoſed.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>To this objection that hath much of likelihood in it, I 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg774"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>reply, that its true, the Air is of greater tenuity and levity; and, 

<lb></lb>by reaſon of its levity, leſſe adherent to the Earth than Water ſo 

<lb></lb>much more grave and ^{*}bulky; but yet the conſequence is falſe 

<lb></lb>that you infer from theſe qualities; namely, that upon account 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg775"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of that its levity, tenuity, and leſſe adherence to the Earth, it 

<lb></lb>ſhould be more exempt than the Water from following the 

<lb></lb>Terreſtrial Motions; ſo as that to us, who abſolutely pertake of 

<lb></lb>of them, the ſaid exemption ſhould be ſenſible and manifeſt; 

<lb></lb>nay, it happeneth quite contrary; for, if you well remember, the 

<lb></lb>cauſe of the ebbing and flowing of the Water aſſigned by us, 

<lb></lb>conſiſteth in the Waters not following the unevenneſſe of the 

<lb></lb>motion of its Veſſel, but retaining the <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> conceived before, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/412.jpg" pagenum="400"></pb>without diminiſhing or increaſing it according to the preciſe rate 

<lb></lb>of its diminiſhing or increaſing in its Veſſel. </s><s>Becauſe therefore 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg776"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that in the conſervation and retention of the <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> before con­

<lb></lb>ceived, the diſobedience to a new augmentation or diminution of 

<lb></lb>motion conſiſteth, that moveable that ſhall be moſt apt for ſuch 

<lb></lb>a retention, ſhall be alſo moſt commodious to demonſtrate the 

<lb></lb>effect that followeth in conſequence of that retention. </s><s>Now how 

<lb></lb>much the Water is diſpoſed to maintain ſuch a conceived agita­

<lb></lb>tion; though the cauſes ceaſe that impreſs the ſame, the experi­

<lb></lb>ence of the Seas extreamly diſturbed by impetuous Winds ſhew­

<lb></lb>eth us; the Billows of which, though the Air be grown calm, and 

<lb></lb>the Wind laid, for a long time after continue in motion: As the 

<lb></lb>Sacred Poet pleaſantly ſings,</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg774"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The anſwer to 

<lb></lb>the objections 

<lb></lb>made againſt the 

<lb></lb>motion of the Ter­

<lb></lb>reſtrial Globe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg775"></margin.target>+ Corpulenta.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg776"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Water more 

<lb></lb>apt to conſerve an<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>impetus <emph type="italics"></emph>conceived, 

<lb></lb>then the Air.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>Qual l&#039;alto Egeo,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> &amp;c.----------</s></p><p type="main"><s>And that long continuing rough after a ſtorm, dependeth on 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg777"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the gravity of the water: For, as I have elſewhere ſaid, light bo­

<lb></lb>dies are much eaſier to be moved than the more grave, but yet 

<lb></lb>are ſo much the leſs apt to conſerve the motion imparted, when 

<lb></lb>once the moving cauſe ceaſeth. </s><s>Whence it comes that the Aire, 

<lb></lb>as being of it ſelf very light and thin, is eaſily mov&#039;d by any very 

<lb></lb>ſmall force, yet it is withall very unable to hold on its motion, 

<lb></lb>the Mover once ceaſing. </s><s>Therefore, as to the Aire which envi­

<lb></lb>rons the Terreſtrial Globe, I would fay, that by reaſon of its 

<lb></lb>adherence, it is no leſſe carried about therewith then the Water; 

<lb></lb>and eſpecially that part which is contained in its veſſels; which 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg778"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>veſſels are the valleys encloſed with Mountains. </s><s>And we may 

<lb></lb>with much more reaſon affirm that this ſame part of the Air is 

<lb></lb>carried round, and born forwards by the rugged parts of the 

<lb></lb>Earth, than that the higher is whirl&#039;d about by the motion of the 

<lb></lb>Heavens, as ye <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripateticks<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> maintain.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg777"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Light bodies eaſier 

<lb></lb>to be moved than 

<lb></lb>beavy, but leſs aut 

<lb></lb>to conſerve the mo­

<lb></lb>tion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg778"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Its more rational 

<lb></lb>that the Air be 

<lb></lb>commoved by the 

<lb></lb>rugged ſurface of 

<lb></lb>the Earth than 

<lb></lb>by the Celeſtial 

<lb></lb>motion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>What hath been hitherto ſpoken, ſeems to me a ſufficient an­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg779"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſwer to the allega ion of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simputius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; yet nevertheleſs with a new 

<lb></lb>inſtance and ſolution, founded upon an admirable experiment, I 

<lb></lb>will ſuperabundantly ſatisfie him, and confirm to <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the 

<lb></lb>mobility of the Earth. </s><s>I have told you that the Air, and in par­

<lb></lb>ticular that part of it which aſcendeth not above the tops of the 

<lb></lb>higheſt Mountains, is carried round by the uneven parts of the 

<lb></lb>Earths ſurface: from whence it ſhould ſeem, that it muſt of con­

<lb></lb>ſequence come to paſſe, that in caſe the ſuperficies of the Earth 

<lb></lb>were not uneven, but ſmooth and plain, no cauſe would remain 

<lb></lb>for drawing the Air along with it, or at leaſt for revolving it with 

<lb></lb>ſo much uniformity. </s><s>Now the ſurface of this our Globe, is not 

<lb></lb>all craggy and rugged, but there are exceeding great tracts very 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/413.jpg" pagenum="401"></pb>even, to wit, the ſurfaces of very vaſt Seas, which being alſo far 

<lb></lb>remote from the continuate ledges of Mountains which environ 

<lb></lb>it, ſeem to have no faculty of carrying the ſuper-ambient Air 

<lb></lb>along therewith: and not carrying it about, we may perceive what 

<lb></lb>will of conſequence enſue in thoſe places.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg779"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The revolution of 

<lb></lb>the Earth con­

<lb></lb>firmed by a new 

<lb></lb>argument taken 

<lb></lb>from the Air.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I was about to propoſe the very ſame difficulty, which 

<lb></lb>I think is of great validity.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You ſay very well <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for from the not finding 

<lb></lb>in the Air that which of conſequence would follow, did this our 

<lb></lb>Globe move round; you argue its immoveableneſſe. </s><s>But in caſe 

<lb></lb>that this which you think ought of neceſſary conſequence to be 

<lb></lb>found, be indeed by experience proved to be ſo; will you accept 

<lb></lb>it for a ſufficient teſtimony and an argument for the mobility of 

<lb></lb>the ſaid Globe?</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>In this caſe it is not requiſite to argue with me alone, 

<lb></lb>for if it ſhould ſo fall out, and that I could not comprehend the 

<lb></lb>cauſe thereof, yet haply it might be known by others.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>So that by playing with you, a man ſhall never get, but 

<lb></lb>be alwayes on the loſing hand; and therefore it would be better 

<lb></lb>to give over: Nevertheleſs, that we may not cheat our third man 

<lb></lb>we will play on. </s><s>We ſaid even now, and with ſome addition we 

<lb></lb>reitterate it, that the Ayr as if it were a thin and fluid body, and 

<lb></lb>not ſolidly conjoyned with the Earth, ſeem&#039;d not to be neceſſi­

<lb></lb>tated to obey its motion; unleſſe ſo far as the craggineſs of the 

<lb></lb>terreſtrial ſuperficies, tranſports and carries with it a part there­

<lb></lb>of contigious thereunto; which doth not by any great ſpace ex­

<lb></lb>ceed the greateſt altitude of Mountains: the which portion of Air 

<lb></lb>ought to be ſo much leſs repugnant to the terreſtrial converſion, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg780"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>by how much it is repleat with vapours, fumes, and exhalations, 

<lb></lb>matters all participating of terrene qualities, and conſequently 

<lb></lb>apt of their own nature to the ſame motions. </s><s>But where there are 

<lb></lb>wanting the cauſes of motion, that is, where the ſurface of the 

<lb></lb>Globe hath great levels, and where there is leſs mixture of the 

<lb></lb>terrene vapours, there the cauſe whereby the ambient Air is con­

<lb></lb>ſtrained to give entire obedience to the terreſtrial converſion will 

<lb></lb>ceaſe in part; ſo that in ſuch places, whilſt the Earth revolveth to­

<lb></lb>wards the Eaſt, there will be continually a wind perceived which 

<lb></lb>will beat upon us, blowing from the Eaſt towards the Weſt: 

<lb></lb>and ſuch gales will be the more ſenſible, where the revolution of 

<lb></lb>the Globe is moſt ſwift; which will be in places more remote from 

<lb></lb>the Poles, and approaching to the greateſt Circle of the diurnal 

<lb></lb>converſion. </s><s>But now <emph type="italics"></emph>de facto<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> experience much confi meth this 

<lb></lb>Phyloſophical argumentation; for in the ſpatious Seas, and in their 

<lb></lb>parts moſt remote from Land, and ſituate under the Torrid Zone, 

<lb></lb>that is bounded by the Tropicks, where there are none of thoſe 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/414.jpg" pagenum="402"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg781"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſame terreſtrial evaporations, we finde a perpetual gale move 

<lb></lb>from the Eaſt with ſo conſtant a blaſt, that ſhips by favour there­

<lb></lb>of ſail proſperouſly to the <emph type="italics"></emph>West-India&#039;s.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And from the ſame 

<lb></lb>coaſting along the <emph type="italics"></emph>Mexican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſhore, they with the ſame felicity paſs 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Pacifick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Ocean towards the <emph type="italics"></emph>India&#039;s<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; which to us are Eaſt, but 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg782"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>to them are Weſt. </s><s>Whereas on the contrary the Courſe from 

<lb></lb>thence towards the Eaſt is difficult and uncertain, and not to be 

<lb></lb>made by the ſame Rhumb, but muſt vere more to Land-ward, to 

<lb></lb>recover other Winds, which we may call accidentary and tumul­

<lb></lb>tuary, produced from other Principles, as thoſe that inhabit the 

<lb></lb>continent find by experience. </s><s>Of which productions of Winds, 

<lb></lb>the Cauſes are many and different, which ſhall not at this time be 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg783"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>mentioned. </s><s>And theſe accidentary Winds are thoſe which blow 

<lb></lb>indifferently from all parts of the Eatth, and make rough the Seas 

<lb></lb>remote from the Equinoctial, and environed by the rugged Sur­

<lb></lb>face of the Earth; which is as much as to ſay environ&#039;d with 

<lb></lb>thoſe perturbations of Air, that confound that primary Gale. 

<lb></lb></s><s>The which, in caſe theſe accidental impediments were removed, 

<lb></lb>would be continually felt, and eſpecially upon the Sea. </s><s>Now 

<lb></lb>ſee how the effect of the Water and Air ſeem wonderfully to ac­

<lb></lb>cord with the Celeſtial obſervations, to confirm the mobility of 

<lb></lb>our Terreſtrial Globe.

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg784"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg780"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The vaporous 

<lb></lb>parts of the earth, 

<lb></lb>partake of its mo­

<lb></lb>tions.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg781"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Conſtant gales 

<lb></lb>within the Tro­

<lb></lb>pieks blow towards 

<lb></lb>the Weſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg782"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The courſe to the 

<lb></lb>Weſt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>-India&#039;s <emph type="italics"></emph>ea­

<lb></lb>ſie, the return dif­

<lb></lb>ficult.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg783"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Winds from Land 

<lb></lb>make rough the 

<lb></lb>Seas.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg784"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Another obſerva­

<lb></lb>tion taken from the 

<lb></lb>Air in confirmati­

<lb></lb>on of the motion of 

<lb></lb>the Earth.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I alſo for a final cloſe will relate to you one particular, 

<lb></lb>which as I believe is unknown unto you, and which likewiſe may 

<lb></lb>ſerve to confirm the ſame concluſion: You <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> alledged, 

<lb></lb>That Accident which Sailers meet with between the Tropicks; 

<lb></lb>I mean that perpetual Gale of Winde that beats upon them from 

<lb></lb>the Eaſt, of which I have an account from thoſe that have many 

<lb></lb>times made the Voyage: And moreover (which is very obſer­

<lb></lb>vable) I underſtand that the Mariners do not call it a <emph type="italics"></emph>Wind,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> but </s></p><p type="main"><s><arrow.to.target n="marg785"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>by another ^{*} name, which I do not now remember, taken haply 

<lb></lb>from its ſo fixed and conſtant Tenor; which when they have met 

<lb></lb>with, they tie up their ſhrouds and other cordage belonging to 

<lb></lb>the Sails, and without any more need of touching them, though 

<lb></lb>they be in a ſleep, they can continue their courſe. </s><s>Now this conſtant 

<lb></lb>Trade-wind was known to be ſuch by its continual blowing with­

<lb></lb>out interruptions; for if it were interrupted by other Windes, it 

<lb></lb>would not have been acknowledged for a ſingular Effect, and 

<lb></lb>different from the reſt: from which I wlll infer, That it may be 

<lb></lb>that alſo our Mediterranean Sea doth partake of the like accident; 

<lb></lb>but it is not obſerved, as being frequently altered by the conflu­

<lb></lb>ence of other windes. </s><s>And this I ſay, not without good grounds, 

<lb></lb>yea upon very probable conjectures whch came unto my know­

<lb></lb>ledge, from that which tendred it ſelf to my notice on occaſion of 

<lb></lb>the voyage that I made into <emph type="italics"></emph>Syria,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> going Conſul for this Nation 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/415.jpg" pagenum="403"></pb>to <emph type="italics"></emph>Aleppo,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and this it is: That keeping a particular account and 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg786"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>memorial of the dayes of the departure and arrival of the Ships in 

<lb></lb>the Ports of <emph type="italics"></emph>Alexandria,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of <emph type="italics"></emph>Alexandretta,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and this of <emph type="italics"></emph>Venice<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; in 

<lb></lb>comparing ſundry of them, which I did for my curioſity, I found 

<lb></lb>that in exactneſs of account the returns hither, that is the voiages 

<lb></lb>from Eaſt to Weſt along the Mediterrane, are made in leſs time 

<lb></lb>then the contrary courſes by 25. in the Hundred: So that we ſee 

<lb></lb>that one with another, the Eaſtern windes are ſtronger then the 

<lb></lb>Weſtern.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg785"></margin.target>Which Wind 

<lb></lb>with our Engliſh 

<lb></lb>Mariners is called 

<lb></lb>the <emph type="italics"></emph>Trade-wind.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg786"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The voiages in the 

<lb></lb>Mediterrane from 

<lb></lb>Eaſt to Weſt are 

<lb></lb>made in ſhorter 

<lb></lb>times than from 

<lb></lb>Weſt to Eaſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am very glad I know this particular, which doth not 

<lb></lb>a little make for the confirmation of the Earths mobility. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>although it may be alledged, That all the Water of the Mediter­

<lb></lb>rane runs perpetually towards the Straits-mouth, as being to 

<lb></lb>diſimbogue into the Ocean, the waters of as many Rivers, as do 

<lb></lb>diſcharge themſelves into the ſame; I do not think that that cur­

<lb></lb>rent can be ſo great, as to be able of it ſelf alone to make ſo no­

<lb></lb>table a difference: which is alſo manifeſt by obſerving that the 

<lb></lb>water in the Pharo of <emph type="italics"></emph>Sicily<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> runneth back again no leſs towards 

<lb></lb>the Eaſt, than it runneth forwards towards the Weſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. I, that have not as <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> an inclination to ſatiſ­

<lb></lb>fie any one beſides my ſelf, am ſatisfied with what hath been ſaid 

<lb></lb>as to this firſt particular: Therefore <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> when you think 

<lb></lb>it fit to proceed forward, I am prepared to hear you.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I ſhall do as you command me, but yet I would fain 

<lb></lb>hear the opinion alſo of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from whoſe judgement I can 

<lb></lb>argue how much I may promiſe to my ſelf touching theſe diſ­

<lb></lb>courſes from the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Schools, if ever they ſhould come 

<lb></lb>to their ears.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I deſire not that my opinion ſhould ſerve or ſtand for 

<lb></lb>a meaſure, whereby you ſhould judge of others thoughts; for 

<lb></lb>as I have often ſaid, I am inconſiderable in theſe kinde of ſtudies, 

<lb></lb>and ſuch things may come into the mindes of thoſe that are enter­

<lb></lb>ed into the deepeſt paſſages of Philoſophy, as I could never think 

<lb></lb>of; as having (according to the Proverb) ſcarce kiſt her Maid: 

<lb></lb>yet nevertheleſs, to give you my ſudden thoughts, I ſhall tell 

<lb></lb>you, That of thoſe effects by you recounted, and particularly the 

<lb></lb>laſt, there may in my judgement very ſufficient Reaſons be given 

<lb></lb>without the Earths mobility, by the mobility of the Heavens one­

<lb></lb>ly; never introducing any novelty more, than the inverſion of 

<lb></lb>that which you your ſelf propoſe unto us. </s><s>It hath been received 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg787"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>by the <emph type="italics"></emph>Peripatetick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Schools, that the Element of Fire, and alſo a 

<lb></lb>great part of the Aire is carried about according to the Diurnal 

<lb></lb>converſion from Eaſt to Weſt, by the contact of the Concave of 

<lb></lb>the Lunar Orb, as by the Veſſel their container. </s><s>Now without 

<lb></lb>going out of your track, I will that we determine the Quantity of 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/416.jpg" pagenum="404"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg788"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the Aire which partaketh of that motion to diſtend ſo low as to 

<lb></lb>the Tops of the higheſt Hills, and that likewiſe they would reach 

<lb></lb>to the Earth, if thoſe Mountains did not impede them, which 

<lb></lb>agreeth with what you ſay: For as you affirm, the Air, which is 

<lb></lb>invironed by ledges of Mountains, to be carried about by the 

<lb></lb>aſperity of the moveable Earth; we on the contrary ſay, That 

<lb></lb>the whole Element of Air is carried about by the motion of 

<lb></lb>Heaven, that part only excepted which lyeth below thoſe bodies, 

<lb></lb>which is hindred by the aſperity of the immoveable Earth. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>whereas you ſaid, That in caſe that aſperity ſhould be removed, 

<lb></lb>the Air would alſo ceaſe to be whirld about; we may ſay, 

<lb></lb>That the ſaid aſperity being removed, the whole Aire would con­

<lb></lb>tinue its motion. </s><s>Whereupon, becauſe the ſurfaces of ſpacious 

<lb></lb>Seas are ſmooth, and even; the Airs motion ſhall continue upon 

<lb></lb>thoſe, alwaies blowing from the Eaſt: And this is more ſenſibly 

<lb></lb>perceived in Climates lying under the Line, and within the Tro­

<lb></lb>picks, where the motion of Heaven is ſwifter; and like as that 

<lb></lb>Celeſtial motion is able to bear before it all the Air that is at 

<lb></lb>liberty, ſo we may very rationally affirm that it contributeth the 

<lb></lb>ſame motion to the Water moveable, as being fluid and not con­

<lb></lb>nected to the immobility of the Earth: And with ſo much the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg789"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>more confidence may we affirm the ſame, in that by your con­

<lb></lb>feſſion, that motion ought to be very ſmall in reſect of the efficient 

<lb></lb>Cauſe; which begirting in a natural day the whole Terreſtrial 

<lb></lb>Globe, paſſeth many hundreds of miles an hour, and eſpecially 

<lb></lb>towards the Equinoctial; whereas in the currents of the open Sea, 

<lb></lb>it moveth but very few miles an hour. </s><s>And thus the voiages to­

<lb></lb>wards the Weſt ſhall come to be commodious and expeditious, 

<lb></lb>not onely by reaſon of the perpetual Eaſtern Gale, but of the 

<lb></lb>courſe alſo of the Waters; from which courſe alſo perhaps the 

<lb></lb>Ebbing and Flowing may come, by reaſon of the different ſcitu­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg790"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ation of the Terreſtrial Shores: againſt which the Water coming 

<lb></lb>to beat, may alſo return backwards with a contrary motion, like 

<lb></lb>as experience ſheweth us in the courſe of Rivers; for according as 

<lb></lb>the Water in the unevenneſs of the Banks, meeteth with ſome 

<lb></lb>parts that ſtand out, or make with their Meanders ſome Reach or 

<lb></lb>Bay, here the Water turneth again, and is ſeen to retreat back 

<lb></lb>a conſiderable ſpace. </s><s>Upon this I hold, That of thoſe effects 

<lb></lb>from which you argue the Earths mobility, and alledge it as a 

<lb></lb>cauſe of them, there may be aſſigned a cauſe ſufficiently valid, 

<lb></lb>retaining the Earth ſtedfaſt, and reſtoring the mobility of 

<lb></lb>Heaven.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg787"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is demonſtra­

<lb></lb>ted inverting the 

<lb></lb>argument, that 

<lb></lb>the perpetual mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the Air 

<lb></lb>from Eaſt to Weſt 

<lb></lb>cometh from the 

<lb></lb>motion of Heaven?<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg788"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>It is demonſtrated 

<lb></lb>inverting the ar­

<lb></lb>gument, that the 

<lb></lb>perpetual motion of 

<lb></lb>the Air from Eaſt 

<lb></lb>to Weſt, cometh 

<lb></lb>from the motion of 

<lb></lb>Heaven.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg789"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The motion of the 

<lb></lb>Water dependeth 

<lb></lb>on the motion of 

<lb></lb>Heaven.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg790"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The flux and re­

<lb></lb>flux may depend 

<lb></lb>on the diurual mo­

<lb></lb>tion of Heaven.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It cannot be denied, but that your diſcourſe is ingenious, 

<lb></lb>&amp; hath much of probability, I mean probability in appearance, but 

<lb></lb>not in reality &amp; exiſtence: It conſiſteth of two parts: In the firſt it 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/417.jpg" pagenum="405"></pb>aſſignes a reaſon of the continual motion of the Eaſtern Winde, 

<lb></lb>and alſo of a like motion in the Water. </s><s>In the ſecond, It would 

<lb></lb>draw from the ſame Sourſe the cauſe of the Ebbing and Flowing. 

<lb></lb></s><s>The firſt part hath (as I have ſaid) ſome appearance of probabi­

<lb></lb>lity, but yet extreamly leſs then that which we take from the 

<lb></lb>Terreſtrial motion. </s><s>The ſecond is not onely wholly improbable, 

<lb></lb>but altogether impoſſible and falſe. </s><s>And coming to the firſt, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg791"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>whereas it is ſaid that the Concave of the Moon carrieth about 

<lb></lb>the element of Fire, and the whole Air, even to the tops of the 

<lb></lb>higher Mountains. </s><s>I anſwer firſt, that it is dubious whether 

<lb></lb>there be any element of Fire: But ſuppoſe there be, it is much 

<lb></lb>doubted of the Orbe of the Moon, as alſo of all the reſt; that is, 

<lb></lb>Whether there be any ſuch ſolid bodies and vaſt, or elſs, Whether 

<lb></lb>beyond the Air there be extended a continuate expanſion of a 

<lb></lb>ſubſtance of much more tenuity and purity than our Air, up and 

<lb></lb>down which the Planets go wandring, as now at laſt a good part 

<lb></lb>of thoſe very Phyloſophers begin to think: But be it in this or in 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg792"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that manner, there is no reaſon for which the Fire, by a ſimple 

<lb></lb>contract to a ſuperficies, which you your ſelf grant to be ſmooth 

<lb></lb>and terſe, ſhould be according to its whole depth carried round in 

<lb></lb>a motion different from its natural inclination; as hath been de­

<lb></lb>fuſely proved, and with ſenſible reaſons demonſtrated by^{+} <emph type="italics"></emph>Il Sag-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg793"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>giatore<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: Beſides the other improbability of the ſaid motions 

<lb></lb>transfuſing it ſelf from the ſubtileſt Fire throughout the Air, much 

<lb></lb>more denſe; and from that alſo again to the Water. </s><s>But that 

<lb></lb>a body of rugged and mountainous ſurface, by revolving in it 

<lb></lb>ſelf, ſhould carry with it the Air contiguous to it, and againſt 

<lb></lb>which its promontaries beat, is not onely probable but neceſſary, 

<lb></lb>and experience thereof may be daily ſeen; though without ſee­

<lb></lb>ing it, I believe that there is no judgement that doubts thereof. 

<lb></lb></s><s>As to the other part, ſuppoſing that the motion of Heaven did 

<lb></lb>carry round the Air, and alſo the Water; yet would that motion 

<lb></lb>for all that have nothing to do with the Ebbing and Flowing. 

<lb></lb></s><s>For being that from one onely and uniform cauſe, there can fol­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg794"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>low but one ſole and uniform effect; that which ſhould be diſco­

<lb></lb>vered in the Water, would be a continuate and uniform courſe 

<lb></lb>from Eaſt to Weſt; and in that a Sea onely, which running com­

<lb></lb>paſs environeth the whole Globe. </s><s>But in determinate Seas, ſuch 

<lb></lb>as is the Mediterrane ſhut up in the Eaſt, there could be no ſuch 

<lb></lb>motion. </s><s>For if its Water might be driven by the courſe of 

<lb></lb>Heaven towards the Weſt, it would have been dry many ages 

<lb></lb>ſince: Beſides that our Water runneth not onely towards the 

<lb></lb>Weſt, But returneth backwards towards the Eaſt, and that in or­

<lb></lb>dinal Periods: And whereas you ſay by the example of Rivers, 

<lb></lb>that though the courſe of the Sea were Originally that onely 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/418.jpg" pagenum="406"></pb>from Eaſt to Weſt, yet nevertheleſs the different Poſition of the 

<lb></lb>Shores may make part of the Water regurgitate, and return 

<lb></lb>backwards: I grant it you, but it is neceſſary that you take no­

<lb></lb>tice my <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that where the Water upon that account 

<lb></lb>returneth backwards, it doth ſo there perpetually; and where 

<lb></lb>it runneth ſtraight forwards, it runneth there alwayes in the ſame 

<lb></lb>manner; for ſo the example of the Rivers ſhewes you: But in the 

<lb></lb>caſe of the ebbing and flowing, you muſt finde and give us ſome 

<lb></lb>reaſon why it doth in the ſelf ſame place run one while one way, 

<lb></lb>and another while another; Effects that being contrary &amp; irregular, 

<lb></lb>can never be deduced from any uniform and conſtant Cauſe: 

<lb></lb>And this Argument, that overthrows the Hypotheſis of the mo­

<lb></lb>tion contributed to the Sea from the Heavens diurnal motion, 

<lb></lb>doth alſo confute that Poſition of thoſe who would admit the ſole 

<lb></lb>diurnal motion of the Earth, and believe that they are able with 

<lb></lb>that alone to give a reaſon of the Flux and Reflux: Of which 

<lb></lb>effect ſince it is irregular, the cauſe muſt of neceſſity be irregular 

<lb></lb>and alterable.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg791"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>A reaſon of the 

<lb></lb>continual motion of 

<lb></lb>the Air and Wa­

<lb></lb>ter may be given, 

<lb></lb>making the Earth 

<lb></lb>moveable, then by 

<lb></lb>making it immove­

<lb></lb>able.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg792"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Its improbable that 

<lb></lb>the element of Fire 

<lb></lb>ſhould be carried 

<lb></lb>round by the Con­

<lb></lb>cave of the Moon.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg793"></margin.target>+ A Treatiſe of our 

<lb></lb>Author formerly 

<lb></lb>cited.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg794"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Ebbing and 

<lb></lb>Flowing cannot de­

<lb></lb>pend on the motion 

<lb></lb>of Heaven.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I have nothing to reply, neither of my own, by reaſon 

<lb></lb>of the weakneſs of my underſtanding; nor of that of others, for 

<lb></lb>that the Opinion is ſo new: But I could believe that if it were 

<lb></lb>ſpread amongſt the Schools, there would not want Phyloſophers 

<lb></lb>able to oppoſe it.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Expect ſuch an occaſion; and we in the mean time 

<lb></lb>if it ſeem good to <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> will proceed forward.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>All that which hath been ſaid hitherto, pertaineth to 

<lb></lb>the diurnal period of the ebbing and flowing; of which we have in 

<lb></lb>the firſt place demonſtrated in general the primary and univerſal 

<lb></lb>Cauſe, without which, no ſuch effect would follow: Afterw ds 

<lb></lb>paſſing to the particular Accidents, various, and in a certain ſort 

<lb></lb>irregular, that are obſerved therein: We have handled the ſecon­

<lb></lb>dary and concommitant Cauſes upon which they depend. </s><s>Now 

<lb></lb>follow the two other Periods, Monethly, and Annual, which do 

<lb></lb>not bring with them new and different Accidents, other than 

<lb></lb>thoſe already conſidered in the diurnal Period; but they ope­

<lb></lb>rate on the ſame Accidents, by rendring them greater and leſſer 

<lb></lb>in ſeveral parts of the Lunar Moneth, and in ſeveral times of 

<lb></lb>the Solar Year; as if that the Moon and Sun did each conceive 

<lb></lb>it ſelf apart in operating and producing of thoſe Effects; a thing 

<lb></lb>that totally claſheth with my underſtanding, which ſeeing how 

<lb></lb>that this of Seas is a local and ſenſible motion, made in an im­

<lb></lb>menſe maſs of Water, it cannot be brought to ſubſcribe to 

<lb></lb>Lights, to temperate Heats, to predominacies by occult Quali­

<lb></lb>ties, and to ſuch like vain Imaginations, that are ſo far from be­

<lb></lb>ing, or being poſſible to be Cauſes of the Tide; that on the con­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/419.jpg" pagenum="407"></pb>trary, the Tide is the cauſe of them, that is, of bringing them 

<lb></lb>into the brains more apt for loquacity and oſtentation, than for 

<lb></lb>the ſpeculation and diſcovering of the more abſtruſe ſecrets of 

<lb></lb>Nature; which kind of people, before they can be brought to 

<lb></lb>prononnce that wiſe, ingenious, and modeſt ſentence, <emph type="italics"></emph>I know it 

<lb></lb>not,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> ſuffer to eſcape from their mouths and pens all manner of ex­

<lb></lb>travagancies. </s><s>And the onely obſerving, that the ſame Moon, and 

<lb></lb>the ſame Sun operate not with their light with their motion, with 

<lb></lb>great heat, or with temperate, on the leſſer reeeptaces of Water, 

<lb></lb>but that to effect their flowing by heat, they muſt be reduced to 

<lb></lb>little leſſe than boiling, and in ſhort, we not being able artificially 

<lb></lb>to imitate any way the motions of the Tide, ſave only by the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the Veſſel, ought it not to ſatisfie every one, that all 

<lb></lb>the other things alledged, as cauſes of thoſe eſſects, are 

<lb></lb>vaine fancies, and altogether eſtranged from the Truth. </s><s>I 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg795"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſay, therefore, that if it be true, that of one effect there is but 

<lb></lb>one ſole primary cauſe, and that between the cauſe and effect, 

<lb></lb>there is a firm and conſtant connection; it is neceſſary that when­

<lb></lb>ſoever there is ſeen a firm and conſtant alteration in the effect, 

<lb></lb>there be a firm and conſtant alteration in the cauſe. </s><s>And be­

<lb></lb>cauſe the alterations that happen in the ebbing and flowing in 

<lb></lb>ſeveral parts of the Year and Moneths, have their periods firm and 

<lb></lb>conſtant, it is neceſſary to ſay, that a regular alteration in thoſe 

<lb></lb>ſame times happeneth in the primary cauſe of the ebbings and 

<lb></lb>flowings. </s><s>And as for the alteration that in thoſe times happens 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg796"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>in the ebbings and flowings conſiſteth onely in their greatneſs; 

<lb></lb>that is, in the Waters riſing and falling more or leſſe, and in 

<lb></lb>running with greater or leſſe <emph type="italics"></emph>impetus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; therefore it is neceſſary, 

<lb></lb>that that which is the primary cauſe of the ebbing and flowing, 

<lb></lb>doth in thoſe ſame determinate times increaſe and diminiſh its 

<lb></lb>force. </s><s>But we have already concluded upon the inequality and 

<lb></lb>irregularity of the motion of the Veſſels containing the Water to 

<lb></lb>be the primary cauſe of the ebbings and flowings. </s><s>Therefore 

<lb></lb>it is neceſſary, that that irregularity, from time to time, corre­

<lb></lb>ſpondently grow more irregular, that is, grow greater and leſſer. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Now it is requiſite, that we call to minde, that the irregularity, 

<lb></lb>that is, the different velocity of the motions of the Veſſels, to 

<lb></lb>wit, of the parts of the Terreſtrial Superficies, dependeth on 

<lb></lb>their moving with a compound motion, reſulting from the com­

<lb></lb>mixtion of the two motions, Annual and Diurnal, proper to the 

<lb></lb>whole Terreſtrial Globe; of which the Diurnal converſion, by 

<lb></lb>one while adding to, and another while ſubſtracting from, the 

<lb></lb>Annual motion, is that which produceth the irregularity in the 

<lb></lb>compound motion; ſo that, in the additions and ſubſtractions, 

<lb></lb>that the Diurnal revolution maketh from the Annual motion, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/420.jpg" pagenum="408"></pb>conſiſteth the original cauſe of the irregular motion of the Veſ­

<lb></lb>ſels, and conſequently of the Ebbing and Flowing: inſomuch 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg797"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>that if theſe additions and ſubſtractions ſhould alwayes proceed 

<lb></lb>in the ſame proportion, in reſpect of the Annual motion, the 

<lb></lb>cauſe of the Ebbing and Flowing would indeed continue, but 

<lb></lb>yet ſo as that they would perpetually return in the ſelf ſame man­

<lb></lb>ner: But we are to finde out the cauſe of making the ſame Eb­

<lb></lb>bings and Flowings in divers times greater and leſſer: There­

<lb></lb>fore we muſt (if we will retain the identity of the cauſe) find the 

<lb></lb>alteration in theſe additions and ſubſtractions, that make them 

<lb></lb>more &amp; leſs potent, in producing thoſe effects which depend there­

<lb></lb>upon. </s><s>But I ſee not how that potency and impotence can be intro­

<lb></lb>duced, unleſſe by making the ſame additions and ſubſtractions, 

<lb></lb>one while greater, and another while leſſer; ſo that the accelera­

<lb></lb>tion and the retardment of the compound motion, may be made, 

<lb></lb>ſometimes in greater, and ſometimes in leſſer proportion.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg795"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The alterations 

<lb></lb>in the effects argue 

<lb></lb>alteration in the 

<lb></lb>cauſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg796"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The cauſes at 

<lb></lb>large aſſigned of 

<lb></lb>the Periods Mo­

<lb></lb>nethly and Annu­

<lb></lb>al of the ebbing 

<lb></lb>and flowing.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg797"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The monethly 

<lb></lb>and annual altera­

<lb></lb>tions of the tide can 

<lb></lb>depend upon no­

<lb></lb>thing, ſave on the 

<lb></lb>alteration of the 

<lb></lb>additions &amp; ſub­

<lb></lb>ſtractions of the 

<lb></lb>diurnal period from 

<lb></lb>the annual.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I feel my ſelf very gently led, as it were, by the hand, 

<lb></lb>and though I finde no rubs in the way, yet nevertheleſſe, like a 

<lb></lb>blind man, I ſee not whether your Clue leadeth me, nor can I 

<lb></lb>imagine where ſuch a Journey will end.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Though there be a great difference between my ſlow 

<lb></lb>pac&#039;t Philoſophy, and your more nimble Reaſon, yet neverthe­

<lb></lb>leſſe, in this particular which we are now upon, I do not much 

<lb></lb>wonder, if the apprehenſiveneſſe of your wit be a little obſcu­

<lb></lb>red by the dark and thick miſt that hides the mark, at which we 

<lb></lb>aime: and that which leſſeneth my admiration is, the remem­

<lb></lb>brance of the many hours, many dayes, yea more, many nights 

<lb></lb>that I have conſumed in this contemplation, and of the many 

<lb></lb>times that, deſpairing to bring it to a period, I have, for an in­

<lb></lb>couragement of my ſelf, indeavoured to believe, by the exam­

<lb></lb>ple of the unfortunate <emph type="italics"></emph>Orlando,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that that might not poſſibly be 

<lb></lb>true, which yet the teſtimony of ſo many credible men ſet be­

<lb></lb>fore my eyes: wonder not, therefore, if this once, contrary to 

<lb></lb>your cuſtome, you do not foreſee what I intend: and if you will 

<lb></lb>needs admire, I believe that the event, as far as I can judge un­

<lb></lb>expected, will make you ceaſe your wonderment.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I thank God, that he did not permit that deſperation 

<lb></lb>of yours to end in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Exit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that is fabled of the miſerable <emph type="italics"></emph>Or­

<lb></lb>lando,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> nor in that which haply is no leſſe fabulouſly related of 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that ſo neither my ſelf nor others ſhould be deprived 

<lb></lb>of the diſcovery of a thing, as abſtruſe as it was deſirable: I 

<lb></lb>beſeech you, therefore, to ſatisfie my eager appetite as ſoon as 

<lb></lb>you can.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I am ready to ſerve you: We were upon an inquiry 

<lb></lb>in what manner the additions and ſubſtractions of the Terreſtri­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/421.jpg" pagenum="409"></pb>all converſion from the Annual motion, could be made, one 

<lb></lb>while in a greater, and another while in a leſſer proportion; 

<lb></lb>which diverſity, and no other thing, could be aſſigned for the 

<lb></lb>cauſe of the alterations, Monethly and Annual, that are ſeen in 

<lb></lb>the greatneſſe of the Ebbings and Flowings. </s><s>I will now con­

<lb></lb>ſider how this proportion of the additions and ſubſtractions of 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg798"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the Diurnal Revolution, and Annual motion may grow greater 

<lb></lb>and leſſer three ſeveral wayes. </s><s>One is by increaſing and dimi­

<lb></lb>niſhing the velocity of the Annual motion, retaining the additi­

<lb></lb>ons and ſubſtractions made by the Diurnal converſion in the 

<lb></lb>ſame greatneſſe, becauſe the Annual motion being about three 

<lb></lb>times greater, that is, more velocious than the Diurnal motion 

<lb></lb>(conſidered likewiſe in the Grand Circle) if we increaſe it 

<lb></lb>anew, the additions and ſubſtractions of the Diurnal motion 

<lb></lb>will occaſion leſſe alteration therein: but, on the other ſide, 

<lb></lb>making it more ſlow, it will be altered in greater proportion, by 

<lb></lb>that ſame diurnal motion, juſt as the adding or ſubſtracting 

<lb></lb>four degrees of velocity from one that moveth with twenty de­

<lb></lb>grees, altereth his courſe leſſe, than thoſe very four degrees would 

<lb></lb>do, added or ſubſtracted from one that ſhould move onely with 

<lb></lb>ten degrees. </s><s>The ſecond way would be, by making the additi­

<lb></lb>ons and ſubſtractions greater and leſſer, retaining the annual mo­

<lb></lb>tion in the ſame velocity; which is as eaſie to be underſtood, as it 

<lb></lb>is manifeſt, that a velocity <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of 20. degr. </s><s>is more altered by the 

<lb></lb>addition or ſubſtraction of 10. deg. </s><s>than by the addition or ſubſtra­

<lb></lb>ction of 4. The third way would be, in caſe theſe two were joyned 

<lb></lb>together, diminiſhing the annual motion, &amp; increaſing the diurnal 

<lb></lb>additions and ſubſtractions. </s><s>Hitherto, as you ſee, it was no 

<lb></lb>hard matter to attain, but yet it proved to me very hard to find 

<lb></lb>by what means this might be effected in Nature. </s><s>Yet in the end, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg799"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>I finde that ſhe doth admirably make uſe thereof, and in wayes 

<lb></lb>almoſt incredible: I mean, admirable and incredible to us, but 

<lb></lb>not to her, who worketh even thoſe very things, which, to our 

<lb></lb>capacity, are of infinite wonder, with extraordinary facility and 

<lb></lb>ſimplicity: and that which it is hard for us to underſtand, is ea­

<lb></lb>ſie for her to effect. </s><s>Now to proceed, having ſhewn that the 

<lb></lb>proportion between the additions and ſubſtractions of the Diur­

<lb></lb>nal converſion and Annual motion may be made greater and leſ­

<lb></lb>ſer, two wayes, (and I ſay two, becauſe the third is comprized in 

<lb></lb>the two firſt) I adde, that Nature maketh uſe of them both: 

<lb></lb>and farthermore, I ſubjoyn, that if ſhe did make uſe but of one 

<lb></lb>alone, it would be neceſſary to take away one of the two Perio­

<lb></lb>dical alterations. </s><s>That of the Monethly Period would ceaſe, if 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg800"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the annual motion ſhould not alter. </s><s>And in caſe the additions 

<lb></lb>and ſubſtractions of the diurnal revolution ſhould continually 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/422.jpg" pagenum="410"></pb>be equal, the alterations of the annual Period would fail.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg798"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Three wayes of 

<lb></lb>altering the pro­

<lb></lb>portion of the ad­

<lb></lb>ditions of the diur­

<lb></lb>nal Revolution to 

<lb></lb>the annual motion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg799"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>That which to

<lb></lb>us is hard to be un­

<lb></lb>derſtood, is with 

<lb></lb>Nature eaſie to be 

<lb></lb>effected.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg800"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>If the Diurnal 

<lb></lb>motion ſhould not 

<lb></lb>alter, the annual 

<lb></lb>Period would ceaſe<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>It ſeems then, that the Monethly alteration of eb­

<lb></lb>bings and flowings dependeth on the alteration of the annual 

<lb></lb>motion of the Earth? </s><s>And the annual alteration of thoſe eb­

<lb></lb>bings and flowings do, it ſeems, depend on the additions and 

<lb></lb>ſubſtractions of the diurnal converſion? </s><s>And here now I finde 

<lb></lb>my ſelf worſe puzzled than before, and more out of hope of 

<lb></lb>being able to comprehend how this intricacy may be, which is 

<lb></lb>more inextricable, in my judgment, than the Gordian knot. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>I envy <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from whoſe ſilence I argue that he doth ap­

<lb></lb>prehend the whole buſineſſe, and is acquit of that confuſion 

<lb></lb>which greatly puzzleth my brains.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>I believe verily, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that you are put to a 

<lb></lb>a ſtand; and I believe that I know alſo the cauſe of your con­

<lb></lb>fuſion, which, if I miſtake not, riſeth from your underſtanding 

<lb></lb>part of thoſe particulars but even now alledged by <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>and but a part. </s><s>It is true likewiſe that I find my ſelf free from the 

<lb></lb>like confuſion; but not for that cauſe as you think, to wit, be­

<lb></lb>cauſe I apprehend the whole, nay it happens upon the quite 

<lb></lb>contrary account; namely, from my not comprehending any 

<lb></lb>thing; and confuſion is in the plurality of things, and not in 

<lb></lb>nothing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You ſee <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> how a few checks given to <emph type="italics"></emph>Simpli­

<lb></lb>cius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in the dayes preceding, have rendered him gentle, and 

<lb></lb>brought him from the <emph type="italics"></emph>capriol<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to the <emph type="italics"></emph>amble.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> But I beſeech you 

<lb></lb>without farther delay, put us both out of ſuſpence.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will endeavour it to the utmoſt of my harſh way of 

<lb></lb>expreſſing my ſelf, the obtuſeneſſe of which, the acuteneſſe of 

<lb></lb>your wit ſhall ſupply. </s><s>The accidents of which we are to enquire 

<lb></lb>the cauſes are two: The firſt reſpecteth the varieties that happen 

<lb></lb>in the ebbings and flowings in the Monethly Period; and the o­

<lb></lb>thr relateth to the Annual. </s><s>We will firſt ſpeak of the Moneth­

<lb></lb>ly, and then treat of the Annual; and it is convenient that we 

<lb></lb>reſolve them all according to the Fundamentals and Hypotheſis 

<lb></lb>already laid down, without introducing any novelty either in A­

<lb></lb>ſtronomy, or in the Univerſe, in favour of the ebbings and flow­

<lb></lb>ings; therefore let us demonſtrate that of all the ſeveral acci­

<lb></lb>dents in them obſerved, the cauſes reſide in the things already 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg801"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>known, and received for true and undoubted. </s><s>I ſay therefore, 

<lb></lb>that it is a truly natural, yea neceſſary thing, that one and the ſame 

<lb></lb>moveable made to move round by the ſame moving virtue in a 

<lb></lb>longer time, do make its courſe by a greater circle, rather than 

<lb></lb>by a leſſer; and this is a truth received by all, and con­

<lb></lb>firmed by all experiments, of which we will produce a few. 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg802"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>In the wheel-clocks, and particularly in the great ones, to mo­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/423.jpg" pagenum="411"></pb>derate the time, the Artificers that make them accomodate a cer­

<lb></lb>tain voluble ſtaffe horozontally, and at each end of it they fa­

<lb></lb>ſten two Weights of Lead, and when the time goeth too ſlow, 

<lb></lb>by the onely removing thoſe Leads a little nearer to the centre 

<lb></lb>of the ſtaffe, they render its vibrations more frequent; and on 

<lb></lb>the contrary to retard it, it is but drawing thoſe Weights more 

<lb></lb>towards the ends; for ſo the vibrations are made more ſeldome, 

<lb></lb>and conſequently the intervals of the hours are prolonged.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg801"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The true Hypo­

<lb></lb>theſis may diſpatch 

<lb></lb>its revolutions in a 

<lb></lb>ſhorter time, in 

<lb></lb>leſſer circles than 

<lb></lb>in greater; the 

<lb></lb>which is proved by 

<lb></lb>two examples.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg802"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The firſt ex­

<lb></lb>ample.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>Here the movent vertue is the ſame, namely the counterpoiſe, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg803"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the moveables are thoſe ſame Weights of lead, and their vi­

<lb></lb>brations are more frequent when they are neerer to the centre, 

<lb></lb>that is, when they move by leſſer circles. </s><s>Hanging equal 

<lb></lb>Weights at unequal cords, and being removed from their per­

<lb></lb>pendicularity, letting them go; we ſhall ſee thoſe that are pen­

<lb></lb>dent at the ſhorter cords, to make their vibrations under ſhorter 

<lb></lb>times, as thoſe that move by leſſer circles. </s><s>Again, let ſuch a 

<lb></lb>kind of Weight be faſtened to a cord, which cord let play upon 

<lb></lb>a ſtaple faſtened in the Seeling, and do you hold the other end 

<lb></lb>of the cord in your hand, and having given the motion to the 

<lb></lb>pendent Weight, whilſt it is making its vibrations, pull the 

<lb></lb>end of the cord that you hold in your hand, ſo that the Weight 

<lb></lb>may riſe higher and higher: In its riſing you ſhall ſee the fre­

<lb></lb>quency of its vibrations encreaſe, in regard that they are made 

<lb></lb>ſucceſſively by leſſer and leſſer circies. </s><s>And here I deſire you to 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg804"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>take notice of two particulars worthy to be obſerved. </s><s>One is 

<lb></lb>that the vibrations of one of thoſe plummets are made with ſuch 

<lb></lb>a neceſſity under ſuch determinate times, that it is altogether 

<lb></lb>impoſſible to cauſe them to be made under other times, unleſſe 

<lb></lb>it be by prolonging, or abreviating the cord; of which you 

<lb></lb>may alſo at this very inſtant aſcertain your ſelves by experience, 

<lb></lb>tying a ſtone to a pack-threed, and holding the other end in 

<lb></lb>your hand, trying whether you can ever by any artifice be able 

<lb></lb>to ſwing it this way and that way in other than one determinate 

<lb></lb>time, unleſſe by lengthening or ſhortening the ſtring, which 

<lb></lb>you will find to be abſolutely impoſſible. </s><s>The other particular 

<lb></lb>truly admirable is, that the ſelf ſame <emph type="italics"></emph>pendulum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> makes its vibra­

<lb></lb>tions with one and the ſame frequency, or very little, and as it 

<lb></lb>were inſenſibly different, whether they be made by very great, 

<lb></lb>or very ſmall arches of the ſelf-ſame circumference. </s><s>I mean that 

<lb></lb>whether we remove the <emph type="italics"></emph>pendulum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> from perpendicularity one, two, 

<lb></lb>or three degrees onely, or whether we remove it 70. 80. nay to 

<lb></lb>an entire quadrant, it being let go, will in the one caſe and in 

<lb></lb>the other make its vibrations with the ſame frequency, as well 

<lb></lb>the former where it is to move by an arch of but four or ſix de­

<lb></lb>grees, as the ſecond, where it is to paſſe arches of 160. or more 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/424.jpg" pagenum="412"></pb>degrees. </s><s>Which may the better be ſeen, by hanging two weights 

<lb></lb>at two ſtrings of equal length, and then removing them from per­

<lb></lb>pendicularity, one a little way, and the other very far; the which 

<lb></lb>being ſet at liberty, will go &amp; return under the ſame times, the one 

<lb></lb>by arches very ſmall, &amp; the other by very great ones, from whence 

<lb></lb>followeth the concluſion of an admirable Problem; which is, 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg805"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>That a Quadrant of a Circle being given (take a little diagram of 

<lb></lb>the ſame, [in <emph type="italics"></emph>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 3.]) as for inſtance: A B erect to the Hori­

<lb></lb>zon, ſo as that it reſt upon the plain touching in the point B. and 

<lb></lb>an Arch being made with a Hoop well plained and ſmoothed in 

<lb></lb>the concave part, bending it according to the curvity of the Cir­

<lb></lb>cumference A D B. </s><s>So that a Bullet very round and ſmooth 

<lb></lb>may freely run to and again within it (the rim of a Sieve is very 

<lb></lb>proper for the experiment) I ſay, that the Bullet being put in any 

<lb></lb>what ever place, neer or far from the loweſt term B. </s><s>As for in­

<lb></lb>ſtance, putting it in the point C, or here in D, or in E; and then 

<lb></lb>let go, it will in equal times, or inſenſibly different arrive at the 

<lb></lb>term B, departing from C, or from D, or from E, or from what­

<lb></lb>ever other place; an accident truly wonderfull. </s><s>We may add 

<lb></lb>another accident no leſs ſtrange than this, which is, That more­

<lb></lb>over by all the cords drawn from the point B to the points C, 

<lb></lb>D, E; and to any other whatſoever, taken not onely in the Qua­

<lb></lb>drant B A, but in all the whole circumference of the Circle the 

<lb></lb>ſaid moveable ſhall deſcend in times abſolutely equal; inſomuch 

<lb></lb>that it ſhall be no longer in deſcending by the whole Diameter 

<lb></lb>erect perpendicularly upon the point B, then it ſhall in deſcend­

<lb></lb>ing by B. C. although it do ſublend but one ſole degree, or a leſ­

<lb></lb>ſer Arch. </s><s>Let us add the other wonder, which is, That the mo­

<lb></lb>tions of the falling bodies made by the Arches of the Quadrant 

<lb></lb>A B; are made in ſhorter times than thoſe that are made by the 

<lb></lb>cords of thoſe ſame Arches; ſo that the ſwifteſt motion, and 

<lb></lb>made by a moveable in the ſhorteſt time, to arrive from the 

<lb></lb>point A, to the term B, ſhall be that which is made, not by the 

<lb></lb>right line A, B, (although it be the ſhorteſt of all thoſe that can 

<lb></lb>de drawn between the points A. B.) but by the circumference 

<lb></lb>A D B. </s><s>And any point being taken in the ſaid Arch; as for 

<lb></lb>example: The point D. and two cords drawn A D, and D. B. 

<lb></lb>the moveable departing from the qoint A, ſhall in a leſs time 

<lb></lb>come to B, moving by the two cords A D and D B. than by the 

<lb></lb>ſole cord A, B. </s><s>But the ſhorteſt of all the times ſhall be that of 

<lb></lb>the fall by the Arch A D B. </s><s>And the ſelf ſame accidents are 

<lb></lb>to be underſtood of all the other leſſer Arches taken from the 

<lb></lb>lowermoſt term B. upwards.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg803"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The ſecond ex­

<lb></lb>ample.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg804"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Two particular 

<lb></lb>notable accidents 

<lb></lb>in the<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> penduli <emph type="italics"></emph>and 

<lb></lb>their vibrations.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg805"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Admirable Pro­

<lb></lb>blems of movea­

<lb></lb>bles deſcending by 

<lb></lb>the Quadrant of a 

<lb></lb>Circle, and of thoſe 

<lb></lb>deſcending by all 

<lb></lb>the cords of the 

<lb></lb>whole Circle.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>No more, no more; for you ſo confund and fill me 

<lb></lb>with Wonders, and diſtract my thoughts ſo many ſeveral wayes, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/425.jpg" pagenum="413"></pb>that I fear I ſhall have but a ſmall part of it left free and diſin­

<lb></lb>gaged, to apply to the principal matter that is treated of, and 

<lb></lb>which of it ſelf is but even too obſcure and intricate: So that 

<lb></lb>I intreat you to vouchſafe me, having once diſpatcht the buſineſs 

<lb></lb>of the ebbings and flowings, to do this honour to my houſe (and 

<lb></lb>yours) ſome other dayes, and to diſcourſe upon the ſo many other 

<lb></lb>Problems that we have left in ſuſpence; and which perhaps are 

<lb></lb>no leſs curious and admirable, than this that hath been diſcuſſed 

<lb></lb>theſe dayes paſt, and that now ought to draw to a con­

<lb></lb>cluſion.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I ſhall be ready to ſerve you, but we muſt make more 

<lb></lb>than one or two Seſſions; if beſides the other queſtions reſerved 

<lb></lb>to be handled apart, we would diſcuſſe thoſe many that pertain 

<lb></lb>to the local motion, as well of natural moveables, as of the reject­

<lb></lb>ed: an Argument largely treated of by our <emph type="italics"></emph>Lyncean Accade­

<lb></lb>mick.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> But turning to our firſt purpoſe, where we were about to 

<lb></lb>declare, That the bodies moving circularly by a movent virtue, 

<lb></lb>which continually remaineth the ſame, the times of the circula­

<lb></lb>tions were prefixt and determined, and impoſſible to be made 

<lb></lb>longer or ſhorter, having given examples, and produced experi­

<lb></lb>ments thereof, ſenſible, and feaſible, we may confirm the ſame 

<lb></lb>truth by the experiences of the Celeſtial motions of the Planets; 

<lb></lb>in which we ſee the ſame rule obſerved; for thoſe that move by 

<lb></lb>greater Circles, confirm longer times in paſſing them. </s><s>A moſt 

<lb></lb>pertinent obſervation of this we have from the <emph type="italics"></emph>Medicæan<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Pla­

<lb></lb>nets, which in ſhort times make their revolutions about <emph type="italics"></emph>Jupiter<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: 

<lb></lb>Inſomuch that it is not to be queſtioned, nay we may hold it for 

<lb></lb>ſure and certain, that if for example, the Moon continuing to be 

<lb></lb>moved by the ſame movent faculty, ſhould retire by little and 

<lb></lb>little in leſſer Circles, it would acquire a power of abreviating 

<lb></lb>the times of its Periods, according to that <emph type="italics"></emph>Pendulum,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of which in 

<lb></lb>the courſe of its vibrations, we by degrees ſhortned the cord, that 

<lb></lb>is contracted the Semidiameter of the circumferences by it paſſed. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Know now that this that I have alledged an example of it in the 

<lb></lb>Moon, is ſeen and verified eſſentially in fact. </s><s>Let us call to mind, 

<lb></lb>that it hath been already concluded by us, together with <emph type="italics"></emph>Coperni-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg806"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>cus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> That it is not poſſible to ſeparate the Moon from the Earth, 

<lb></lb>about which it without diſpute revolveth in a Moneth: Let us 

<lb></lb>remember alſo that the Terreſtrial Globe, accompanyed alwayes 

<lb></lb>by the Moon, goeth along the circumference of the Grand Orb 

<lb></lb>about the Sun in a year, in which time the Moon revolveth about 

<lb></lb>the Earth almoſt thirteen times; from which revolution it follow­

<lb></lb>eth, that the ſaid Moon ſometimes is found near the Sun; that is, 

<lb></lb>when it is between the Sun and the Earth, and ſometimes 

<lb></lb>much more remote, that is, when the Earth is ſituate between 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/426.jpg" pagenum="414"></pb>the Moon and Sun; neer, in a word, at the time of its conjun 

<lb></lb>ction and change; remote, in its Full and Oppoſition; and the 

<lb></lb>greateſt vicinity differ the quantity of the Diameter of the Lu­

<lb></lb>nar Orb. </s><s>Now if it be true that the virtue which moveth the 

<lb></lb>Earth and Moon, about the Sun, be alwayes maintained in 

<lb></lb>the ſame vigour; and if it be true that the ſame moveable 

<lb></lb>moved by the ſame virtue, but in circles unequal, do in ſhorter 

<lb></lb>times paſſe like arches of leſſer circles, it muſt needs be granted, 

<lb></lb>that the Moon when it is at a leſſe diſtance from the Sun, that is 

<lb></lb>in the time of conjunction, paſſeth greater arches of the Grand 

<lb></lb>Orb, than when it is at a greater diſtance, that is in its Opppſition 

<lb></lb>and Full. </s><s>And this Lunar inequality muſt of neceſſity be imparted 

<lb></lb>to the Earth alſo; for if we ſhall ſuppoſe a right line produced from 

<lb></lb>the centre of the Sun by the centre of the Terreſtrial Globe, and 

<lb></lb>prolonged as far as the Orb of the Moon, this ſhall be the ſemi­

<lb></lb>diameter of the Grand Orb, in which the Earth, in caſe it were 

<lb></lb>alone, would move uniformly, but if in the ſame ſemidiameter we 

<lb></lb>ſhould place another body to be carried about, placing it one 

<lb></lb>while between the Earth and Sun, and another while beyond 

<lb></lb>the Earth, at a greater diſtance from the Sun, it is neceſſary, 

<lb></lb>that in this ſecond caſe the motion common to both, according 

<lb></lb>to the circumference of the great Orb by means of the diſtance 

<lb></lb>of the Moon, do prove a little ſlower than in the other caſe, 

<lb></lb>when the Moon is between the Earth and Sun, that is at a leſſer 

<lb></lb>diſtance. </s><s>So that in this buſineſſe the very ſame happeneth that 

<lb></lb>befals in the time of the clock; that lead which is placed one 

<lb></lb>while farther ſrom the centre, to make the vibrations of the 

<lb></lb>ſtaffe or ballance leſſe frequent, and another while nearer, to 

<lb></lb>make them thicker, repreſenting the Moon. </s><s>Hence it may be 

<lb></lb>manifeſt, that the annual motion of the Earth in the Grand 

<lb></lb>Orb, and under the Ecliptick, is not uniform, and that its ir­

<lb></lb>regularity proceedeth from the Moon, and hath its Monethly 

<lb></lb>Periods and Returns. </s><s>And becauſe it hath been concluded, that 

<lb></lb>the Monethly and Annual Periodick alterations of the ebbings 

<lb></lb>and flowings, cannot be deduced from any other cauſe than 

<lb></lb>from the altered proportion between the annual motion and the 

<lb></lb>additions and ſubſtractions of the diurnal converſion; and that 

<lb></lb>thoſe alterations might be made two wayes, that is by altering 

<lb></lb>the annual motion, keeping the quantity of the additions un­

<lb></lb>altered, or by changing of the bigneſſe of theſe, reteining the 

<lb></lb>uniformity of annual motion. </s><s>We have already found the firſt 

<lb></lb>of theſe, depending on the irregularity of the annual motion 

<lb></lb>occaſioned by the Moon, and which hath its Monethly Periods. 

<lb></lb></s><s>It is therefore neceſſary, that upon that account the ebbings 

<lb></lb>and flowings have a Monethly Period in which they do grow 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/427.jpg" pagenum="415"></pb>greater and leſſer. </s><s>Now you ſee that the cauſe of the Monethly 

<lb></lb>Period reſideth in the annual motion; and withal you ſee how 

<lb></lb>much the Moon is concerned in this buſineſs, and how it is there­

<lb></lb>with interrupted apart, without having any thing to do with either, 

<lb></lb>with Seas or Waters.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg806"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Earths an­

<lb></lb>nual motion by the 

<lb></lb>Ecliptick, unequal 

<lb></lb>by means of the 

<lb></lb>Moons motion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>If one that never had ſeen any kinde of Stairs or La­

<lb></lb>der, were ſhewed a very high Tower, and asked if ever he hoped 

<lb></lb>to climb to the top of it, I verily believe that he would anſwer he 

<lb></lb>did not, not conceiving how one ſhould come thither any way 

<lb></lb>except by flying; but ſhewing him a ſtone of but a foot high, and 

<lb></lb>asking him whether he thought he could get to the top of that, 

<lb></lb>I am certain that he would anſwer he could; and farther, that he 

<lb></lb>would not deny, but that it was not onely one, but ten, twenty, 

<lb></lb>and an hundred times eaſier to climb that: But now if he ſhould 

<lb></lb>be ſhewed the Stairs, by means whereof, with the facility by him 

<lb></lb>granted, it is poſſible to get thither, whither he a little before had 

<lb></lb>affirmed it was impoſſible to aſcend, I do think that laughing at 

<lb></lb>himſelf he would confeſs his dulneſs of apprehenſion. </s><s>Thus, 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> have you ſtep by ſtep ſo gently lead me, that, not 

<lb></lb>without wonder, I finde that I am got with ſmall pains to that 

<lb></lb>height which I deſpaired of arriving at. &#039;Tis true; that the Stair­

<lb></lb>caſe having been dark, I did not perceive that I was got nearer 

<lb></lb>to, or arrived at the top, till that coming into the open Air I diſ­

<lb></lb>covered a great Sea, and ſpacious Country: And as in aſcending 

<lb></lb>one ſtep, there is no labour; ſo each of your propoſitions by it 

<lb></lb>ſelf ſeemed to me ſo plain, that thinking I heard but little or no­

<lb></lb>thing that was new unto me, I conceived that my benefit thereby 

<lb></lb>had been little or none at all: Whereupon I was the more ama­

<lb></lb>zed at the unexpected <emph type="italics"></emph>exit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of this diſcourſe, that hath guided me 

<lb></lb>to the knowledge of a thing which I held impoſſible to be de­

<lb></lb>monſtrated. </s><s>One doubt onely remains, from which I deſire to 

<lb></lb>be freed, and this it is; Whether that if the motion of the Earth 

<lb></lb>together with that of the Moon under the Zodiack are irregular 

<lb></lb>motions, thoſe irregularities ought to have been obſerved and ta­

<lb></lb>ken notice of by <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomers,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> which I do not know that they 

<lb></lb>are: Therefore I pray you, who are better acquainted with theſe 

<lb></lb>things than I, to free me from this doubt, and tell me how the 

<lb></lb>caſe ſtands.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>You ask a rational queſtion, and anſwering to the Ob­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg807"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>jection, I ſay; That although <emph type="italics"></emph>Aſtronomy<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> in the courſes of many 

<lb></lb>ages hath made a great progreſs in diſcovering the conſtitution 

<lb></lb>and motions of the Celeſtial bodies, yet is it not hitherto arrived 

<lb></lb>at that height, but that very many things remain undecided, and 

<lb></lb>haply many others alſo undiſcovered. </s><s>It is to be ſuppoſed that the 

<lb></lb>firſt obſervers of Heaven knew no more but one motion common 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/428.jpg" pagenum="416"></pb>to all the Stars, as is this diurnal one: yet I believe that in few 

<lb></lb>dayes they perceived that the Moon was inconſtant in keeping 

<lb></lb>company with the other Stars; but yet withal, that many years 

<lb></lb>paſt, before that they diſtinguiſhed all the Planets: And in par­

<lb></lb>ticular, I conceit that <emph type="italics"></emph>Saturn<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by its ſlowneſs, and <emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> by rea­

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg808"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſon of its ſeldom appearing, were the laſt that were obſerved to 

<lb></lb>be wandring and errant. </s><s>It is to be thought that many more 

<lb></lb>years run out before the ſtations and retrogradations of the three 

<lb></lb>ſuperiour Planets were known, as alſo their approximations and 

<lb></lb>receſſions from the Earth, neceſſary occaſions of introducing the 

<lb></lb>Eccentrix and Epicicles, things unknown even to <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotle,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for 

<lb></lb>that he makes no mention thereof. <emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and <emph type="italics"></emph>Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> with 

<lb></lb>their admirable apparitions; how long did they keep Aſtrono­

<lb></lb>mers in ſuſpence, before that they could reſolve (not to ſpeak of 

<lb></lb>any other of their qualities) upon their ſituation? </s><s>Inſomuch 

<lb></lb>that the very order onely of the Mundane bodies, and the inte­

<lb></lb>gral ſtructure of the parts of the Univerſe by us known, hath been 

<lb></lb>doubted of untill the time of <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> who hath at laſt given 

<lb></lb>us notice of the true conſtitution, and real ſyſteme, according to 

<lb></lb>which thoſe parts are diſpoſed; ſo that at length we are certain 

<lb></lb>that <emph type="italics"></emph>Mercury, Venus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and the other Planets do revolve about 

<lb></lb>the Sun; and that the Moon revolveth about the Earth. </s><s>But 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg809"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>how each Planet governeth it ſelf in its particular revolution, and 

<lb></lb>how preciſely the ſtructure of its Orb is framed; which is that 

<lb></lb>which is vulgarly called the <emph type="italics"></emph>Theory<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Planets,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> we cannot as 

<lb></lb>yet undoubtedly reſolve. <emph type="italics"></emph>Mars,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that hath ſo much puzled our 

<lb></lb>Modern Aſtronomers, is a proof of this: And to the Moon her 

<lb></lb>ſelf there have been aſſigned ſeveral Theories, after that the ſaid 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> had much altered it from that of <emph type="italics"></emph>Ptolomy.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> And to 

<lb></lb>deſcend to our particular caſe, that is to ſay, to the apparent mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the Sun and Moon; touching the former, there hath been 

<lb></lb>obſerved a certain great irregularity, whereby it paſſeth the two 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg810"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>ſemicircles of the Ecliptick, divided by the points of the Equi­

<lb></lb>noxes in very different times; in paſſing one of which, it ſpend­

<lb></lb>eth about nine dayes more than in paſſing the other; a difference, 

<lb></lb>as you ſee, very great and notable. </s><s>But if in paſſing ſmall arches, 

<lb></lb>ſuch for example as are the twelve Signs, he maintain a moſt re­

<lb></lb>gular motion, or elſe proceed with paces, one while a little more 

<lb></lb>ſwift, and another more ſlow, as it is neceſſary that it do, in caſe 

<lb></lb>the annual motion belong to the Sun onely in appearance, but 

<lb></lb>in reality to the Earth in company with the Moon, it is what hath 

<lb></lb>not hitherto been obſerved, nor it may be, ſought. </s><s>Touching 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg811"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>the Moon in the next place, whoſe reſtitutions have been prin­

<lb></lb>cipally lookt into an account of the Eclipſes, for which it is ſuf­

<lb></lb>ficient to have an exact knowledge of its motion about the Earth, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/429.jpg" pagenum="417"></pb>it hath not been likewiſe with a perfect curioſity inquired, what 

<lb></lb>its courſe is thorow the particular arches of the Zodiack. </s><s>That 

<lb></lb>therefore the Earth and Moon in running through the Zodiack, 

<lb></lb>that is round the Grand Orb, do ſomewhat accellerate at the 

<lb></lb>Moons change, and retard at its full, ought not to be doubted; 

<lb></lb>for that the ſaid difference is not manifeſt, which cometh to be 

<lb></lb>unobſerved upon two accounts; Firſt, Becauſe it hath not been 

<lb></lb>lookt for. </s><s>Secondly, Becauſe that its poſſible it may not be very 

<lb></lb>great. </s><s>Nor is there any need that it ſhould be great, for the pro­

<lb></lb>ducing the effect that we ſee in the alteration of the greatneſs of 

<lb></lb>ebbings and flowings. </s><s>For not onely thoſe alterations, but the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg812"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Tides themſelves are but ſmall matters in reſpect of the grandure 

<lb></lb>of the ſubjects on which they work; albeit that to us, and to our 

<lb></lb>littleneſs they ſeem great. </s><s>For the addition or ſubduction of 

<lb></lb>one degree of velocity where there are naturally 700, or 1000, 

<lb></lb>can be called no great alteration, either in that which conferreth 

<lb></lb>it, or in that Which receiveth it: the Water of our Mediterrane 

<lb></lb>carried about by the diurnal revolution, maketh about 700 miles 

<lb></lb>an hour, (which is the motion common to the Earth and to it, and 

<lb></lb>therefore not perceptible to us) &amp; that which we ſenſibly diſcern 

<lb></lb>to be made in the ſtreams or currents, is not at the rate of full one 

<lb></lb>mile an hour, (I ſpeak of the main Seas, and not of the Straights) 

<lb></lb>and this is that which altereth the firſt, naturall, and grand mo­

<lb></lb>tion; and this motion is very great in reſpect of us, and of Ships: 

<lb></lb>for a Veſſel that in a ſtanding Water by the help of Oares can 

<lb></lb>make <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>g.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> three miles an hour, in that ſame current will row 

<lb></lb>twice as far with the ſtream as againſt it: A notable difference 

<lb></lb>in the motion of the Boat, though but very ſmall in the motion 

<lb></lb>of the Sea, which is altered but its ſeven hundredth part. </s><s>The 

<lb></lb>like I ſay of its riſing, and falling one, two, or three feet; and 

<lb></lb>ſcarcely four or five in the utmoſt bounds of a ſtreight, two thou­

<lb></lb>ſand, or more miles long, and where there are depths of hundreds 

<lb></lb>of feet; this alteration is much leſs than if in one of the Boats 

<lb></lb>that bring us freſh Water, the ſaid Water upon the arreſt of the 

<lb></lb>Boat ſhould riſe at the Prow the thickneſs of a leaf. </s><s>I conclude 

<lb></lb>therefore that very ſmall alterations in reſpect of the immenſe 

<lb></lb>greatneſs, and extraordinary velocity of the Seas, is ſufficient to 

<lb></lb>make therein great mutations in relation to our ſmallneſs, and to 

<lb></lb>our accidents.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg807"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Many things 

<lb></lb>may remain as yet 

<lb></lb>unobſerved in A­

<lb></lb>ſtronomy.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg808"></margin.target>Saturn <emph type="italics"></emph>for its 

<lb></lb>ſlowneſs, and<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Mer­

<lb></lb>cury <emph type="italics"></emph>for its rare­

<lb></lb>neſs of appearing 

<lb></lb>were amongſt thoſe 

<lb></lb>that were laſt ob­

<lb></lb>ſerved.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg809"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Particular ſtru­

<lb></lb>ctures of the Orbs 

<lb></lb>of the Planets not 

<lb></lb>yet well reſolved.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg810"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Sun paſſ­

<lb></lb>eth one half of the 

<lb></lb>Zodiack nine days 

<lb></lb>ſooner than the 

<lb></lb>other.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg811"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The Moons mo­

<lb></lb>tion principally 

<lb></lb>ſought in the ac­

<lb></lb>count of Eclipſes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg812"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>Ebbings and 

<lb></lb>flowings are petty 

<lb></lb>things in compari­

<lb></lb>ſon of the vaſtneſs 

<lb></lb>of Seas, and of the 

<lb></lb>velocity of the mo­

<lb></lb>tion of the Terre­

<lb></lb>ſtrial Globe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am fully ſatisfied as to this particular; it remains to 

<lb></lb>declare unto us how thoſe additions and ſubſtractions derived 

<lb></lb>from the diurnal <emph type="italics"></emph>Vertigo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> are made one while greater, and ano­

<lb></lb>ther while leſſer; from which alterations you hinted that the an­

<lb></lb>nual period of the augmentations and diminutions of the eb­

<lb></lb>bings and flowings did depend.</s></p>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/430.jpg" pagenum="418"></pb><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I will uſe my utmoſt endeavours to render my ſelf 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg813"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>intelligible, but the difficulty of the accident it ſelf, and the 

<lb></lb>great attention of mind requiſite for the comprehending of it, 

<lb></lb>conſtrains me to be obſcure. </s><s>The unequalities of the additions 

<lb></lb>and ſubſtractions, that the diurnal motion maketh to or from 

<lb></lb>the annual dependeth upon the inclination of the Axis of the di­

<lb></lb>urnal motion upon the plane of the Grand Orb, or, if you pleaſe, 

<lb></lb>of the Ecliptick; by means of which inclination the Equinoctial 

<lb></lb>interſecteth the ſaid Ecliptick, remaining inclined and oblique 

<lb></lb>upon the ſame according to the ſaid inclination of Axis. </s><s>And the 

<lb></lb>quantity of the additions importeth as much as the whole diame­

<lb></lb>ter of the ſaid Equinoctial, the Earths centre being at the ſame 

<lb></lb>time in the Solſtitial points; but being out of them it importeth 

<lb></lb>leſſe and leſſe, according as the ſaid centre ſucceſſively approa­

<lb></lb>cheth to the points of the Equinoxes, where thoſe additions are 

<lb></lb>leſſer than in any other places. </s><s>This is the whole buſineſſe, but 

<lb></lb>wrapt up in the obſcurity that you ſee.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg813"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The cauſes of 

<lb></lb>the inequality of 

<lb></lb>the additions and 

<lb></lb>ſubſtractions of the 

<lb></lb>diurnal converſion 

<lb></lb>from the annual 

<lb></lb>motion.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>Rather in that which I do no not ſee; for hitherto I 

<lb></lb>comprehend nothing at all.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>I have already foretold it. </s><s>Nevertheleſſe we will try 

<lb></lb>whether by drawing a Diagram thereof, we can give ſome 

<lb></lb>ſmall light to the ſame; though indeed it might better be ſet 

<lb></lb>forth by ſolid bodies than by bare Schemes; yet we will help our 

<lb></lb>ſelves with Perſpective and fore-ſhortning. </s><s>Let us draw there­

<lb></lb>fore, as before, the circumference of the Grand Orb, [<emph type="italics"></emph>as in 

<lb></lb>Fig.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4.] in which the point A is underſtood to be one of the 

<lb></lb>Solſtitials, and the diameter A P the common Section of the 

<lb></lb>Solſtitial Colure, and of the plane of the Grand Orb or Eclip­

<lb></lb>tick; and in that ſame point A let us ſuppoſe the centre of the 

<lb></lb>Terreſtrial Globe to be placed, the Axis of which C A B, in­

<lb></lb>clined upon the Plane of the Grand Orb, falleth on the plane of 

<lb></lb>the ſaid Colure that paſſeth thorow both the Axis of the Equino­

<lb></lb>ctial, and of the Ecliptick. </s><s>And for to prevent confuſion, let 

<lb></lb>us only draw the Equinoctial circle, marking it with theſe chara­

<lb></lb>cters D G E F, the common ſection of which, with the plane of 

<lb></lb>the grand Orb, let be the line D E, ſo that half of the ſaid E­

<lb></lb>quinoctial D F E will remain inclined below the plane of the 

<lb></lb>Grand Orb, and the other half D G E elevated above. </s><s>Let 

<lb></lb>now the Revolution of the ſaid Equinoctial be made, according 

<lb></lb>to the order of the points D G E F, and the motion of the cen­

<lb></lb>tre from A towards E. </s><s>And becauſe the centre of the Earth 

<lb></lb>being in A, the Axis C B (which is erect upon the diameter of 

<lb></lb>the Equinoctial D E) falleth, as hath been ſaid, in the Solſti­

<lb></lb>tial Colure, the common Section of which and of the 

<lb></lb>Grand Orb, is the diameter P A, the ſaid line P A ſhall 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/431.jpg" pagenum="419"></pb>be perpendicular to the ſame D E, by reaſon that the Colure is 

<lb></lb>erect upon the grand Orb; and therefore the ſaid D E, 

<lb></lb>ſhall be the Tangent of the grand Orb in the point A. 

<lb></lb></s><s>So that in this Poſition the motion of the Centre by the arch 

<lb></lb>A E; that is, of one degree every day differeth very little; yea, 

<lb></lb>is as if it were made by the Tangent D A E. </s><s>And becauſe by 

<lb></lb>means of the diurnal motion the point D, carried about by G, 

<lb></lb>unto E, encreaſeth the motion of the Centre moved almoſt in the 

<lb></lb>ſame line D E, as much as the whole diameter D E amounts 

<lb></lb>unto; and on the other ſide diminiſheth as much, moving about 

<lb></lb>the other ſemicircle E F D. </s><s>The additions and ſubductions 

<lb></lb>in this place therefore, that is in the time of the ſolſtice, ſhall be 

<lb></lb>meaſured by the whole diameter D E.</s></p><p type="main"><s>Let us in the next place enquire, Whether they be of the ſame 

<lb></lb>bigneſs in the times of the <emph type="italics"></emph>E<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>quinoxes; and tranſporting the 

<lb></lb>Centre of the Earth to the point I, diſtant a Quadrant of a 

<lb></lb>Circle from the point A. </s><s>Let us ſuppoſe the ſaid Equinoctial 

<lb></lb>to be G E F D, its common ſection with the grand Orb D E, the 

<lb></lb>Axis with the ſame inclination C B; but the Tangent of the grand 

<lb></lb>Orb in the point I ſhall be no longer D E, but another which 

<lb></lb>ſhall cut that at right Angles; and let it be this marked H I L, 

<lb></lb>according to which the motion of the Centre I, ſhall make its pro­

<lb></lb>greſs, proceeding along the circumference of this grand Orb. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Now in this ſtate the Additions and Subſtractions are no longer 

<lb></lb>meaſured by the diameter D E, as before was done; becauſe that 

<lb></lb>diameter not diſtending it ſelf according to the line of the annual 

<lb></lb>motion H L, rather cutting it at right angles, thoſe terms D E, do 

<lb></lb>neither add nor ſubſtract any thing; but the Additions and 

<lb></lb>Subſtractons are to be taken from that diameter that falleth 

<lb></lb>in the plane that is errect upon the plane of the grand Orb, and 

<lb></lb>that interſects it according to the line H L; which diameter in this 

<lb></lb>caſe ſhall be this G F and the Adjective, if I may ſo ſay, ſhall 

<lb></lb>be that made by the point G, about the ſemicircle G E F, and the 

<lb></lb>Ablative ſhall be the reſt made by the other ſemicircle F D G. 

<lb></lb></s><s>Now this diameter, as not being in the ſame line H L of the 

<lb></lb>annual motion, but rather cutting it, as we ſee in the point I, the 

<lb></lb>term G being elevated above, and E depreſſed below the plane 

<lb></lb>of the grand Orb, doth not determine the Additions and Sub­

<lb></lb>ſtractions according to its whole length, but the quantity of thoſe 

<lb></lb>firſt ought to be taken from the part of the line H L, that is in­

<lb></lb>tercepted between the perpendiculars drawn upon it from the 

<lb></lb>terms G F; namely, theſe two G S, and F V: So that the mea­

<lb></lb>ſure of the additions is the line S V leſſer then G F, or then D E; 

<lb></lb>which was the meaſure of the additions in the Solſtice A. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>ſo ſucceſſively, according as the centre of the Earth ſhall be con­





<pb xlink:href="065/01/432.jpg" pagenum="420"></pb>ſtituted in other points of the Quadrant A I, drawing the Tan­

<lb></lb>gents in the ſaid points, and the perpndiculars upon the ſame fal­

<lb></lb>ling from the terms of the diameters of the Equinoctial drawn 

<lb></lb>from the errect planes by the ſaid Tangents to the plane of the 

<lb></lb>grand Orb; the parts of the ſaid Tangents (which ſhall conti­

<lb></lb>nually be leſſer towards the Equinoctials, and greater towards the 

<lb></lb>Solſtices) ſhall give us the quantities of the additions and ſubſtra­

<lb></lb>ctions. </s><s>How much in the next place the leaſt additions differ from 

<lb></lb>the greateſt, is eaſie to be known, becauſe there is the ſame dif­

<lb></lb>ference betwixt them, as between the whole Axis or Diameter of 

<lb></lb>the Sphere, and the part thereof that lyeth between the Polar­

<lb></lb>Circles; the which is leſs than the whole diameter by very near a 

<lb></lb>twelfth part, ſuppoſing yet that we ſpeak of the additions and 

<lb></lb>ſubſtractions made in the Equinoctial; but in the other Paral­

<lb></lb>lels they are leſſer, according as their diameters do diminiſh.</s></p><p type="main"><s>This is all that I have to ſay upon this Argument, and all perhaps 

<lb></lb>that can fall under the comprehenſion of our knowledge, which, 

<lb></lb>as you well know, may not entertain any concluſions, ſave onely 

<lb></lb>thoſe that are firm and conſtant, ſuch as are the three kinds of Pe­

<lb></lb>riods of the ebbings and flowings; for that they depend on cauſes 

<lb></lb>that are invariable, ſimple, and eternal. </s><s>But becauſe that ſe­

<lb></lb>condary and particular cauſes, able to make many alterations, in­

<lb></lb>termix with theſe that are the primary and univerſal; and theſe 

<lb></lb>ſecondary cauſes being part of them inconſtant, and not to be 

<lb></lb>obſerved; as for example, The alteration of Winds, and part 

<lb></lb>(though terminate and fixed) unobſerved for their multiplicity, 

<lb></lb>as are the lengths of the Straights, their various inclinations to­

<lb></lb>wards this or that part, the ſo many and ſo different depths of the 

<lb></lb>Waters, who ſhall be able, unleſs after very long obſervations, and 

<lb></lb>very certain relations, to frame ſo expeditious Hiſtories thereof, as 

<lb></lb>that they may ſerve for Hypoth eſes, and certain ſuppoſitions to 

<lb></lb>ſuch as will by their combinations give adequate reaſons of all the 

<lb></lb>appearances, and as I may ſay, Anomalie, and particular irregula­

<lb></lb>rities that may be diſcovered in the motions of the Waters? </s><s>I 

<lb></lb>will content my ſelf with advertiſing you, that the accidental 

<lb></lb>cauſes are in nature, and are able to produce many alterations; 

<lb></lb>for the more minute obſervations, I remit them to be made by 

<lb></lb>thoſe that frequent ſeveral Seas: and onely by way of a conclu­

<lb></lb>ſion to this our conference, I will propoſe to be conſidered, how 

<lb></lb>that the preciſe times of the fluxes and refluxes do not onely hap­

<lb></lb>pen to be altered by the length of Straights, and by the diffe­

<lb></lb>rence of depths; but I believe that a notable alteration may alſo 

<lb></lb>proceed from the comparing together of ſundry tarcts of Sea, 

<lb></lb>different in greatneſs; and in poſition, or, if you will, inclina­

<lb></lb>tion; which difference happeneth exactly here in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Adriatick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>





<pb xlink:href="065/01/433.jpg" pagenum="421"></pb>Gulph, leſſe by far than the reſt of the Mediterrane, and placed in 

<lb></lb>ſo different an inclination, that whereas that hath its bounds that 

<lb></lb>incloſeth it on the Eaſtern part, as are the Coaſts of <emph type="italics"></emph>Syria,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> this is 

<lb></lb>ſhut up in its more Weſterly part: and becauſe the ebbings and 

<lb></lb>flowings are much greater towards the extremities, yea, becauſe 

<lb></lb>the Seas riſings and fallings are there onely greateſt, it may pro­

<lb></lb>bably happen that the times of Flood at <emph type="italics"></emph>Venice<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> may be the time of 

<lb></lb>low Water in the other Sea, which, as being much greater, and 

<lb></lb>diſtended more directly from Weſt to Eaſt, cometh in a certain 

<lb></lb>ſort to have dominion over the <emph type="italics"></emph>Adriatick:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and therefore it 

<lb></lb>would be no wonder, in caſe the effects depending on the pri­

<lb></lb>mary cauſes, ſhould not hold true in the times that they ought, 

<lb></lb>and that correſpond to the periods in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Adriatick,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> as it doth 

<lb></lb>in the reſt of the Mediterrane. </s><s>But theſe Particularities require 

<lb></lb>long Obſervations, which I neither have made as yet, nor ſhall I 

<lb></lb>ever be able to make the ſame for the future.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>You have, in my opinion, done enough in opening us 

<lb></lb>the way to ſo lofty a ſpeculation, of which, if you had given us 

<lb></lb>no more than that firſt general Propoſition that ſeemeth to me to 

<lb></lb>admit of no reply, where you declare very rationally, that the 

<lb></lb>Veſſels containing the Sea-waters continuing ſtedfaſt, it would 

<lb></lb>be impoſſible, according to the common courſe of Nature, that 

<lb></lb>thoſe motions ſhould follow in them which we ſee do follow; 

<lb></lb>and that, on the other ſide, granting the motions aſcribed, for o­

<lb></lb>ther reſpects, by <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to the Terreſtrial Globe, theſe ſame 

<lb></lb>alterations ought to enſue in the Seas, if I ſay you had told us no 

<lb></lb>more, this alone in my judgment, ſo far exceeds the vanities in­

<lb></lb>troduced by ſo many others, that my meer looking on them 

<lb></lb>makes me nauſeate them, and I very much admire, that among 

<lb></lb>men of ſublime wit, of which nevertheleſs there are not a few, 

<lb></lb>not one hath ever conſidered the incompatibility that is between 

<lb></lb>the reciprocal motion of the Water contained, and the immobi­

<lb></lb>lity of the Veſſel containing, which contradiction ſeemeth to me 

<lb></lb>now ſo manifeſt.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>It is more to be admired, that it having come into the 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg814"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>thoughts of ſome to refer the cauſe of the Tide to the motion of 

<lb></lb>the Earth, therein ſhewing a more than common apprehenſion, 

<lb></lb>they ſhould, in afterwards driving home the motion cloſe with 

<lb></lb>no ſide; and all, becauſe they did not ſee that one ſimple and 

<lb></lb>uniform motion, as <emph type="italics"></emph>v. </s><s>gr.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> the ſole diurnal motion of the Terre­

<lb></lb>ſtrial Globe, doth not ſuffice, but that there is required an une­

<lb></lb>ven motion, one while accelerated, and another while retarded: 

<lb></lb>for when the motion of the Veſſels are uniforme, the waters 

<lb></lb>contained will habituate themſelves thereto, without ever ma­

<lb></lb>king any alteration. </s><s>To ſay alſo (as it is related of an ancient 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/434.jpg" pagenum="422"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg815"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>Mathematician) that the motion of the Earth meeting with the 

<lb></lb>motion of the Lunar Orb, the concurrence of them occaſioneth 

<lb></lb>the Ebbing and Flowing, is an abſolute vanity, not onely be­

<lb></lb>cauſe it is not expreſt, nor ſeen how it ſhould ſo happen, but the 

<lb></lb>falſity is obvious, for that the Revolution of the Earth is not con­

<lb></lb>trary to the motion of the Moon, but is towards the ſame way. 

<lb></lb></s><s>So that all that hath been hitherto ſaid, and imagined by others, 

<lb></lb>is, in my judgment, altogether invalid. </s><s>But amongſt all the 

<lb></lb>famous men that have philoſophated upon this admirable effect 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg816"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>of Nature, I more wonder at <emph type="italics"></emph>Kepler<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> than any of the reſt, who 

<lb></lb>being of a free and piercing wit, and having the motion aſcri­

<lb></lb>bed to the Earth, before him, hath for all that given his ear and 

<lb></lb>aſſent to the Moons predominancy over the Water, and to oc­

<lb></lb>cult properties, and ſuch like trifles.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg814"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>One ſingle moti­

<lb></lb>on of the terreſtri­

<lb></lb>al Globe ſufficeth 

<lb></lb>not to produce the 

<lb></lb>Ebbing &amp; Flowing<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg815"></margin.target><emph type="italics"></emph>The opinion of<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>

<lb></lb>Seleucus <emph type="italics"></emph>the Ma­

<lb></lb>thematician cenſu­

<lb></lb>red.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg816"></margin.target>Kepler <emph type="italics"></emph>is with 

<lb></lb>veſpect blamed.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>I am of opinion, that to theſe more ſpaculative per­

<lb></lb>ſons the ſame happened, that at preſent befalls me, namely, the 

<lb></lb>not underſtanding the intricate commixtion of the three Periods 

<lb></lb>Annual, Monethly, and Diurnal; And how their cauſes ſhould 

<lb></lb>ſeem to depend on the Sun, and on the Moon, without the Suns 

<lb></lb>or Moons having any thing to do with the Water; a buſineſſe, 

<lb></lb>for the full underſtanding of which I ſtand in need of a little 

<lb></lb>longer time to conſider thereof, which the novelty and difficulty 

<lb></lb>of it hath hitherto hindred me from doing: but I deſpair not, but 

<lb></lb>that when I return in my ſolitude and ſilence to ruminate that 

<lb></lb>which remaineth in my fancy, not very well digeſted, I ſhall 

<lb></lb>make it my own. </s><s>We have now, from theſe four dayes Diſ­

<lb></lb>courſe, great atteſtations, in favour of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernican<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Syſteme, 

<lb></lb>amongſt which theſe three taken: the firſt, from the Stations and 

<lb></lb>Retrogradations of the Planets, and from their approaches, and 

<lb></lb>receſſions from the Earth; the ſecond, from the Suns revolving 

<lb></lb>in it ſelf, and from what is obſerved in its ſpots; the third, from 

<lb></lb>the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea do ſhew very rational and 

<lb></lb>concluding.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>To which alſo haply, in ſhort, one might adde a 

<lb></lb>fourth, and peradventure a fifth; a fourth, I ſay, taken from 

<lb></lb>the fixed ſtars, ſeeing that in them, upon exact obſervations, thoſe 

<lb></lb>minute mutations appear, that <emph type="italics"></emph>Copernicus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> thought to have been 

<lb></lb>inſenſible. </s><s>There ſtarts up, at this inſtant, a fifth novelty, from 

<lb></lb>which one may argue mobility in the Terreſtrial Globe, by 

<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg817"></arrow.to.target>

<lb></lb>means of that which the moſt Illuſtrious <emph type="italics"></emph>Signore Cæſare,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of the 

<lb></lb>noble Family of the <emph type="italics"></emph>Marſilii<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> of <emph type="italics"></emph>Bologna,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and a <emph type="italics"></emph>Lyncean<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Aca­

<lb></lb>demick, diſcovereth with much ingenuity, who in a very learned 

<lb></lb>Tract of his, ſheweth very particularly how that he had obſerved 

<lb></lb>a continual mutation, though very ſlow in the Meridian line, 

<lb></lb>of which Treatiſe, at length, with amazement, peruſed by me, 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/435.jpg" pagenum="423"></pb>I hope he will communicate Copies to all thoſe that are Students 

<lb></lb>of Natures Wonders.</s></p><p type="margin"><s><margin.target id="marg817"></margin.target>Sig. </s><s>Cæſare Mar­

<lb></lb>ſilius <emph type="italics"></emph>obſerveth the 

<lb></lb>Meridian to be 

<lb></lb>moveable.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>This is not the firſt time that I have heard ſpeak of 

<lb></lb>the exquiſite Learning of this Gentleman, and of his ſhewing 

<lb></lb>himſelf a zealous Patron of all the Learned, and if this, or any 

<lb></lb>other of his Works ſhall come to appear in publique, we may be 

<lb></lb>aforehand aſſured, that they will be received, as things of great 

<lb></lb>value.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>Now becauſe it is time to put an end to our Diſcour­

<lb></lb>ſes, it remaineth, that I intreat you, that if, at more leaſure go­

<lb></lb>ing over the things again that have been alledged you meet 

<lb></lb>with any doubts, or ſcruples not well reſolved, you will excuſe 

<lb></lb>my overſight, as well for the novelty of the Notion, as for the 

<lb></lb>weakneſſe of my wit, as alſo for the grandure of the Subject, 

<lb></lb>as alſo finally, becauſe I do not, nor have pretended to that aſ­

<lb></lb>ſent from others, which I my ſelf do not give to this conceit, 

<lb></lb>which I could very eaſily grant to be a <emph type="italics"></emph>Chymæra,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> and a meer 

<lb></lb>paradox; and you <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> although in the Diſcourſes paſt 

<lb></lb>you have many times, with great applauſe, declared, that you 

<lb></lb>were pleaſed with ſome of my conjectures, yet do I believe, that 

<lb></lb>that was in part more occaſioned by the novelty than by the cer­

<lb></lb>tainty of them, but much more by your courteſie, which did 

<lb></lb>think and deſire, by its aſſent, to procure me that content which 

<lb></lb>we naturally uſe to take in the approbation and applauſe of our 

<lb></lb>own matters: and as your civility hath obliged me to you; ſo 

<lb></lb>am I alſo pleaſed with the ingenuity of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> Nay, his 

<lb></lb>conſtancy in maintaining the Doctrine of his Maſter, with ſo 

<lb></lb>much ſtrength &amp; undauntedneſs, hath made me much to love him. 

<lb></lb></s><s>And as I am to give you thanks, <emph type="italics"></emph>Sagredus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> for your courteous aſ­

<lb></lb>fection; ſo of <emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> I ask pardon, if I have ſometimes 

<lb></lb>moved him with my too bold and reſolute ſpeaking: and let him 

<lb></lb>be aſſured that I have not done the ſame out of any inducement 

<lb></lb>of ſiniſter affection, but onely to give him occaſion to ſet before 

<lb></lb>us more lofty fancies that might make me the more knowing.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SIMP. </s><s>There is no reaſon why you ſhould make all theſe ex­

<lb></lb>cuſes, that are needleſſe, and eſpecially to me, that being accu­

<lb></lb>ſtomed to be at Conferences and publique Diſputes, have an 

<lb></lb>hundred times ſeen the Diſputants not onely to grow hot and an­

<lb></lb>gry at one another, but likewiſe to break forth into injurious 

<lb></lb>words, and ſometimes to come very neer to blows. </s><s>As for the 

<lb></lb>paſt Diſcourſes, and particulatly in this laſt, of the reaſon of 

<lb></lb>the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea, I do not, to ſpeak the truth, 

<lb></lb>very well apprehend the ſame, but by that ſlight <emph type="italics"></emph>Idea,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> what e­

<lb></lb>ver it be, that I have formed thereof to my ſelf, I confeſſe that 

<lb></lb>your conceit ſeemeth to me far more ingenuous than any of all 





<pb xlink:href="065/01/436.jpg" pagenum="424"></pb>thoſe that I ever heard beſides, but yet nevertheleſſe I eſteem it 

<lb></lb>not true and concluding: but keeping alwayes before the eyes 

<lb></lb>of my mind a ſolid Doctrine that I have learn&#039;t from a moſt 

<lb></lb>learned and ingenuous perſon, and with which it is neceſſary to 

<lb></lb>ſit down; I know that both you being asked, Whether God, by 

<lb></lb>his infinite Power and Wiſdome might confer upon the Element 

<lb></lb>of Water the reciprocal motion which we obſerve in the ſame in 

<lb></lb>any other way, than by making the containing Veſſel to move; I 

<lb></lb>know, I ſay, that you will anſwer, that he might, and knew how 

<lb></lb>to have done the ſame many wayes, and thoſe unimaginable to 

<lb></lb>our ſhallow underſtanding: upon which I forthwith conclude, 

<lb></lb>that this being granted, it would be an extravagant boldneſſe 

<lb></lb>for any one to goe about to limit and confine the Divine 

<lb></lb>Power and Wiſdome to ſome one particular conjecture of 

<lb></lb>his own.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SALV. </s><s>This of yours is admirable, and truly Angelical Do­

<lb></lb>ctrine, to which very exactly that other accords, in like manner 

<lb></lb>divine, which whilſt it giveth us leave to diſpute, touching the 

<lb></lb>conſtitution of the World, addeth withall (perhaps to the end, 

<lb></lb>that the exerciſe of the minds of men might neither be diſcou­

<lb></lb>raged, nor made bold) that we cannot find out the works made 

<lb></lb>by his hands. </s><s>Let therefore the Diſquiſition permitted and or­

<lb></lb>dain&#039;d us by God, aſſiſt us in the knowing, and ſo much more 

<lb></lb>admiring his greatneſſe, by how much leſſe we finde our ſelves 

<lb></lb>too dull to penetrate the profound Abyſſes of his infinite Wiſ­

<lb></lb>dome.</s></p><p type="main"><s>SAGR. </s><s>And this may ſerve for a final cloſe of our four dayes 

<lb></lb>Diſputations, after which, if it ſeem good to <emph type="italics"></emph>Salviatus,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> to take 

<lb></lb>ſome time to reſt himſelf, our curioſity muſt, of neceſſity, grant 

<lb></lb>him the ſame, yet upon condition, that when it is leſſe incommo­

<lb></lb>dious for him, he will return and ſatisfie my deſire in particular 

<lb></lb>concerning the Problemes that remain to be diſcuſt, and that I 

<lb></lb>have ſet down to be propounded at one or two other Conferen­

<lb></lb>ces, according to our agreement: and above all, I ſhall very 

<lb></lb>impatiently wait to hear the Elements of the new Science of our 

<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Academick<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> about the natural and violent local Motions. </s><s>And 

<lb></lb>in the mean time, we may, according to our cuſtome, ſpend an 

<lb></lb>hour in taking the Air in the <emph type="italics"></emph>Gondola<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> that waiteth for us.</s></p><p type="head"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>FINIS.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="065/01/437.jpg"></pb><figure id="id.065.01.437.1.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/437/1.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.437.2.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/437/2.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.437.3.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/437/3.jpg"></figure><figure id="id.065.01.437.4.jpg" xlink:href="065/01/437/4.jpg"></figure><p type="caption"><s><emph type="italics"></emph>Place this Plate <lb></lb>

at the end of 

<lb></lb>the fourth<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb>Dialogue</s></p>			</chap>		</body>		<back></back>	</text></archimedes>