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| author | Klaus Thoden <kthoden@mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 02 May 2013 11:08:12 +0200 |
| parents | 22d6a63640c6 |
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<?xml version="1.0"?> <archimedes xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" > <info> <author>Borro, Girolamo</author> <title>De motu gravium et levium</title> <date>1575</date> <place>Florence</place> <translator></translator> <lang>la</lang> <cvs_file>borro_demot_011_la_1575.xml</cvs_file> <cvs_version></cvs_version> <locator>011.xml</locator> </info> <text> <front> <pb id="p.0001" xlink:href="011/01/001.jpg"></pb> <section> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000001">HIERONYMVS <lb></lb>BORRIVS ARRETINVS <lb></lb>De Motu Grauium, & <lb></lb>Leuium</s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000002"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> FRANCISCVM <emph type="italics"></emph>Medicem <lb></lb>Magnum Etruria Ducem II.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000003">FLORENTIAE, <lb></lb>In Officina Georgii Mareſcotti. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000004">MDLXXV.</s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/002.jpg"></pb> </section> <section> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000005">ROBERTVS TITIVS BVRGEN. <lb></lb>IN HIERONYMI BORRI <lb></lb>EFFIGIEM.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000006"><emph type="italics"></emph>Qvisqvis es, exiguo qui incluſam conſpicis orbe <lb></lb>Effigiem BORRI, & facili miraris ab arte <lb></lb>Expreſſos vultus, atque ora ſimillima veris, <lb></lb>Quanto deinde magis mirabere, cum tibi lectus <lb></lb>Liber erit, quo naturæ fugientis opertum <lb></lb>Monſtrat iter, <expan abbr="vinclisq.">vinclisque</expan> docet retinacibus arctè <lb></lb>Comprimere, vt ne ſe te ignaro concitet hilum, <lb></lb>Quam ſtupeas? </s> <s id="s.000007"><expan abbr="namq.">namque</expan> ingenij præſtantis imago <lb></lb>Longè animata magis ſeſe hic oſtentat, vt ignis <lb></lb>Aethereus, qui mane nouum praeuortitur ortum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/003.jpg"></pb> </section> <section> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000008">FRANCISCO MEDICI <lb></lb>MAGNO ETRVRIAE <lb></lb>DVCI II.</s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000009"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hieronymus Borrius Deditissimus. </s> <s id="s.000010">S.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000011">ANTIQVISSIMAE <expan abbr="nobiliſsi-mæq.">nobiliſsi<lb></lb>mæque</expan> Philoſophiæ primum <lb></lb>ortum procreatum eſſe in<lb></lb>ter Aegyptios ab eius prin<lb></lb>cipium diligenter exploran<lb></lb>tibus, cum ex multis aliis, <lb></lb>tum ex cò facile poteſt intel<lb></lb>ligi, quod qui primis illis <lb></lb>temporibus philoſophandi ſtudio <expan abbr="incendebãtur">incendebantur</expan>, <lb></lb>ii ex omnibus ferè orbis terrarum partibus <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> <lb></lb>ad Mercurii Aegyptii columnas, in quibus prima <lb></lb>philoſophiæ capita erant inciſa, confluebant; vt in<lb></lb>de tanquam è fontibus, quæ domi non poterant <lb></lb>haurirent; deinde alii eodem ſtudio magis arden<lb></lb>tes in Indiam penetrarunt, vt Gymnoſophiſta<lb></lb>rum Principem Iarcam de ſiderum natura diſpu<lb></lb>tantem audirent. </s> <s id="s.000012">In hac autem inchoata & rudi <lb></lb>philoſophia maiore poſtea ſtudio euigilauit Græ<lb></lb>cia, quam euigilarat ante India & Aegyptus. </s> <s id="s.000013">Cum <lb></lb>enim Thales Mileſius, & Anaximander omne <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <lb></lb>ſtudium in doctrina, ac ſapientia colo caſſet, res ſuis <lb></lb>vſa progreſsionibus, incredibile dictu eſt, quan<lb></lb>tum breui fuerit aucta. </s> <s id="s.000014">Sed tamen adhuc manca, <lb></lb>& vulgaris iure videbatur ea eſſe cognitio. </s> <s id="s.000015">Verum <pb xlink:href="011/01/004.jpg"></pb>fortuna nobis dedit, vt ederentur in lucem Xeno<lb></lb>phanes & auditor eius Parmenides, & ambo ſupe<lb></lb>riori naturæ cognitioni non mediocre afferrent in <lb></lb>crementum, ac magnus ille Philoſophus Pythago<lb></lb>ras naſceretur, qui multa iiſdem de rebus politius <lb></lb><expan abbr="perfectiuſq.">perfectiuſque</expan> proferret; & philoſophiam à prima in<lb></lb>choataque forma ad expletam, atque cumulatam <lb></lb>in dies felicius procedentem relinqueret. </s> <s id="s.000016">Horum <lb></lb>ætati ſucceſsit Anaxagoras, quem, vt conſulto De<lb></lb>mocritum, Empedoclem, & alios omittam, ma<lb></lb>gnum attuliſſe optimis diſciplinis adiumentum, & <lb></lb>auxiſſe ſuos diſcipulos ſcientia quadam admira<lb></lb>bili, conſtans eſt omnium opinio. </s> <s id="s.000017">Princeps præte<lb></lb>rea ingenii doctrinæque Plato, ac Timæus Pytha<lb></lb>goræ ſententias obſcuras, & incognitas <expan abbr="illuſtrarũt">illuſtrarunt</expan>, <lb></lb>ita tamen, vt quæ <expan abbr="tãto">tanto</expan> viro placuerant ea <foreign lang="grc">ἐν αἰνίγμασὶ</foreign><lb></lb>auditoribus expendenda proponerent. </s> <s id="s.000018">Quare ab<lb></lb>ſconditæ illæ ſententiæ difficiles habebant explica<lb></lb>tus, & præter quam à benedoctis hominibus non <lb></lb>intelligebantur. </s> <s id="s.000019">Poſt eos autem, quorum mentio<lb></lb>nem fecimus, <expan abbr="nõnulli">nonnulli</expan> alii grauiſsimi viri in hoc præ <lb></lb>claro ſtudiorum genere ita verſati ſunt, vt multo <lb></lb>acrius quam ſuperiores, & grauius ad philoſophan <lb></lb>dum incubuerint: nam diuino munere donatus <lb></lb>eſt nobis Ariſtoteles <expan abbr="Philoſophorũ">Philoſophorum</expan> vere princeps, <lb></lb>à quo vno, & facilius, & melius, & breui plura didi<lb></lb>cit omnis poſteritas, quam à prioribus didicerit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000020">Quoniam autem, ſiue maiorum negligentia, ſiue <lb></lb>temporum iniuria, ſiue alio quouis malo fato fide<lb></lb>lis illa veterum philoſophorum, qui Ariſtotelem <lb></lb>ætate præſtiterunt, doctrina ad hanc vſque diem ia<pb xlink:href="011/01/005.jpg"></pb>cuit in tenebris, & ſolis videtur luce clarius, pluri<lb></lb>mum humano generi eum hominem profuturum, <lb></lb>cuius conſilio, & opera ex tam diuturnis tenebris <lb></lb>emergeret; propterea ſum arbitratus maximos <lb></lb>quoſque labores experiundos mihi & ſubeundos <lb></lb>eſſe, vt tandem aliquando ea per me in lucem euo<lb></lb>cetur; propterea libenter etiam expertus ſum, ac <lb></lb>tentaui omnia. </s> <s id="s.000021">Vtinam autem noſtris laboribus <lb></lb>contingat exitus, quem optamus, vt me duce Phi<lb></lb>loſophia illa tam glorioſa, & vera quam antiqua, <lb></lb>paulatim quidem ſuperioribus ſingulis ætatibus <lb></lb>aucta, ſed craſſis tamen adhuc tenebris circumfuſa <lb></lb>aut ſuauiſſimam lucem aſpiciat, qua indigniſsimè <lb></lb>neſcio quomodo videtur priuari, aut ea frui ſaltem <lb></lb>incipiat. </s> <s id="s.000022"><expan abbr="Nõ">non</expan> enim tantum mihi tribuo, vt plus mi<lb></lb>hi, quam veritati largiar, & rem adeò obſcuram ve <lb></lb>inexplicabilis ſæpe viſa ſit, tam diligenter exiſti<lb></lb>mem me interpretando explanaſſe, vt diligentius <lb></lb>nequeat explanari. </s> <s id="s.000023">Num quam tamen futurum eſt, <lb></lb>vt me mei huius conſilii induſtriæque pœniteat. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nam ſi me huius Philoſophiæ fontes antea ita clau<lb></lb>ſos, vt nemini paterent, demonſtrante ad eos mul<lb></lb>to ſtudioſius aperiendos alii poſthac <expan abbr="excitabũtur">excitabuntur</expan>, <lb></lb>& huius virtutis, vt ſpero, & opto, præſtantiam con<lb></lb>ſequentur, mea etiam laus ex aliqua parte fuerit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000024">Sed quoniam quicunque aliqua ingenii ſui monu<lb></lb>menta poſteritati mandant, ea plerique omnes ſibi <lb></lb>videntur magnis dicare principibus debere, qui <lb></lb>aut benemeriti ſint, aut literis delectentur, aut pro <lb></lb>excellenti, & ſingulari ingenio quod poſsident, de <lb></lb>aliorum etiam ingeniis verè poſsint exiſtimare.<pb xlink:href="011/01/006.jpg"></pb>Idcirco FRANCISCE Med: Magne Dux quem <lb></lb>COSMO Parenti optimo, & feliciſsimo ſuperſti<lb></lb>tem eſſe voluit immortalis DEVS, vt te Etruriam <lb></lb>adminiſtrante, ac regente magnum & triſte illud <lb></lb>deſiderium quod in cælum reuertens vir ille diui<lb></lb>nus vniuerſæ huic prouinciæ reliquit ſui, leniatur, <lb></lb>& eius Ciuitates pergant felices eſſe, quod tu tan<lb></lb>to Patre digniſsimus filius & propterea etiam reip. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000025">regendæ ſcientiſsimus iis præſis. </s> <s id="s.000026">Ego quoque non <lb></lb>modo omnibus his cauſis motus, ſed etiam quod <lb></lb>mihi benignè ſemper facis, & quod à ſtudiis litera<lb></lb>rum non abhorres, & quod ad iudicandum de alio <lb></lb>rum ſcriptis multum habes ingenii, tibi <expan abbr="donãdum">donandum</expan> <lb></lb>librum, quem de rerum grauium & leuium motu <lb></lb>ſcripſi tuoque nomine modo tuo probetur iudicio <lb></lb>diuulgandum ſtatuo. </s> <s id="s.000027">Nam ſi hæ meæ vigiliæ acer<lb></lb>rimo tanti Principis iudicio reſpondebunt, reli<lb></lb>quorum omnium iudicium, quod de me futurum <lb></lb>eſt, non pertimeſcam. </s> <s id="s.000028">Te vero Flos Italiæ Princi<lb></lb>pum lectiſsime, qui in omnibus tuis actionibus pa<lb></lb>trium animum, virtutem que capias, & eius huma<lb></lb>nitatis, probitatis, conſiliorum effigies cunctis re<lb></lb>lictus filius iudicaris, non eſt quod multis verbis <lb></lb>orem, vt hoc meum opuſculum libentiſsimo ani<lb></lb>mo accipias, namque te tua ſponte facturum eſſe <lb></lb>ſcribens confidebam, literarum enim ſtudia, ea<lb></lb>que colentes apud te in tanto ſunt honore, vt pa<lb></lb>trocinio <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> tui num quam ſatis laudati Patris, <lb></lb>deinde tuo ad ſpem priſtinæ dignitatis, quæ alio<lb></lb>rum culpa penè tota fuerat amiſſa literæ, videantur <lb></lb>in Etruria reuixiſſe: Etenim nemini obſcurum eſſe <pb xlink:href="011/01/007.jpg"></pb>arbitror ex vltimis etiam terris à te viros omni libe<lb></lb>rali doctrina eruditiſsimos Piſas tuas quo virtutis <lb></lb>ergò vndique iuuenum examina confluunt hone<lb></lb>ſtiſsima accerſitos mercede, & quotannis maiore <lb></lb>diligentia accerſiri, vt vniuſquiſque quam tenet <lb></lb>publicè profiteatur, & doceat ſcientiam. </s> <s id="s.000029">Atque <lb></lb>ſumptus qui faciendi ſunt in eos tam libenter fa<lb></lb>ctos, & fieri, cum ſcias numquam melius poni poſ<lb></lb>ſe quam quos libentiſsime. </s> <s id="s.000030">Quo circa me quoque <lb></lb>dum mearum virium imbecillitate cognita nihil <lb></lb>tale cogitabam ſponte tua accerſendum curaſti, & <lb></lb>putaſti dignum, vereorne literatorum paucitate, <lb></lb>qui principem locum obtinerem eorum qui Medi<lb></lb>cinæ <expan abbr="ſcientiã">ſcientiam</expan> profiterentur. </s> <s id="s.000031">Quemadmodum igi<lb></lb>tur omnes mei labores qualescunque ſint, tibi de<lb></lb>bentur, ita etiam mittuntur tibi tamquam Patrono <lb></lb>literarum optimo, & de commodis ſtudioſorum <lb></lb>toto (vt dicitur) pectore ſemper cogitanti. </s> <s id="s.000032">Tuo <lb></lb>igitur conſenſu, & munere liceat in tuo nomine <lb></lb>huic meæ locubrationi apparere, quæ quidem ve<lb></lb>luti Virgo caſta, & verecunda malebat ſe conti<lb></lb>nere domi, quam in publicum prodire. </s> <s id="s.000033">Et ob id <lb></lb>cum intelligeret te ſalutatum ſibi meo iuſſu venien<lb></lb>dum eſſe, ſtatim ad meum amplexum currens, & <lb></lb>oſculum; Mi pater, inquit num quam futurum eſt, <lb></lb>vt ego neque ſolem aduerſum neque FRANCI<lb></lb>SCVM Med: Etruriæ Magnum Ducem ad quem <lb></lb>me cogitas honoris cauſa mittere, intueri poſsim. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000034">Quapropter ſi tanti viri ſplendore me vis intermo<lb></lb>ri, mittito. </s> <s id="s.000035">Sin me filiam tuam æque tibi dulcem, <lb></lb>niſi me fallit animus ac ipſam vitam cupis incolu-<pb xlink:href="011/01/008.jpg"></pb>mem mittendi conſilium mutato. </s> <s id="s.000036">Hac mente cum <lb></lb>eſſet, non eſt tamen auſa neque mihi patri, quem vi <lb></lb>debeat in duxiſſe <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> vt iret, aduerſari, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> quic<lb></lb>quam negare Iacobo Saluiato tuarum omnium vir <lb></lb>tutum obſeruantiſsimo, & nobilitate, ingenio, bene<lb></lb>ficentia, fortitudine animi, & rerum vſu florentiſsi<lb></lb>mo, tibique ſanctiſsimo ſanguinis iure coniunctiſsi<lb></lb>mo, qui puellam vt parentis dicto eſſet audiens ma<lb></lb>gnopere hortabatur. </s> <s id="s.000037">Huius hortatione tam grata, <lb></lb>quam neceſſaria animo firmiore facto tandem ſe <lb></lb>venturam pollicita eſt. </s> <s id="s.000038">Ergo mihi videtur eſſe reli<lb></lb>quum, vt pro ea humili animo tibi ſupplicem, & <lb></lb>vnum illud à te petam, vt quemadmodum omnes <lb></lb>alios ad te ſalutandi cauſſa euntes complecti ſoles, <lb></lb>ſic eam quam licet humaniſsime excipias, & eius <lb></lb>commodo ita conſulas, vt in aliquo conclauis tui <lb></lb>angulo, vbi conſiſtat, paullulum loci concedas, & <lb></lb>quotieſcunque foras exierit ſolum vt Lælium Tau<lb></lb>rellum, Petrum Victorium, Io: Baptiſtam Hadria<lb></lb>num, Angelum Guicciardinum, alioſque tuo im<lb></lb>perio poteſtatique ſubiectos doctiſsimos viros in<lb></lb>uiſat, recta eodem reuerti ſit puellæ ſemper inte<lb></lb>grum, ne cui improbo violandæ illius virginitatis <lb></lb>relinquatur locus. </s> <s id="s.000039">Verbis autem exprimi non po<lb></lb>teſt, quantum ego ſim voluptatis capturus, vbi abs <lb></lb>te, pro tua incredibili humanitate, hanc meam fi<lb></lb>liam (vt cupio) benigno vultu <expan abbr="exceptã">exceptam</expan> audiuero. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000040">Quæ quidem res ſi ex noſtra ſententia ceciderit, <lb></lb>præterquam quod aliquid mihi videbor eſſe, alte<lb></lb>ram filiam iam natu grandem non ita multo poſt <lb></lb>tibi mittam, ac dicabo, cui me velim ſcias iam diu <pb xlink:href="011/01/009.jpg"></pb>me ipſum, meaſque fortunas omnes, quantulæcun<lb></lb>que ſint, & vniuerſam domum dicaſſe: ſed cum <lb></lb>opus non ſit verbis vbi rerum & adſunt & aderunt <lb></lb>quotidie certiſsima teſtimonia, longioris æpiſtolæ <lb></lb>ſatietatem effugiam, atque illud etiam mihi abs te <lb></lb>petam beneficium, vt ſi frons puellæ huius nullis <lb></lb>erit calamiſtri veſtigiis notata, ſi nulla fucati can<lb></lb>doris erunt adhibita medicamenta, ſi naturalis in <lb></lb>ea tantum nitor erit, hæc eſſe probitatis eius, non <lb></lb>negligentiæ expreſſa ſigna exiſtimes: Quod ſi or<lb></lb>namenta moleſte feres omiſſa, meam harum rerum <lb></lb>inſcitiam facile excuſabis: propterea quod ſpecta<lb></lb>ri res, non verba pendi non ignoras in Philoſophia. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000041">Vale non Etruriæ ſolum, ſed Italiæ etiam, ac <lb></lb>vniuerſi orbis verum decus, ac lumen, <lb></lb>& Borrium tuæ voluntati mirificè <lb></lb>deditum mirificè etiam <lb></lb>dilige. </s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/010.jpg"></pb> </section> <section> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000042">BARTHOLOMEO <lb></lb>CONCINIO TALLAE, <lb></lb>ET PENNAE BERILLVSTRI <lb></lb>COMITI,</s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000043">Hieronymus Borrius. </s> <s id="s.000044">S.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000045">E<emph type="italics"></emph>tsi tam magna est liberorum caritas, vt <lb></lb>nihil dulcius hominum generi à Natura da <lb></lb>tum ſit, quam ſui cuique liberi, tamen cum <lb></lb>relinquunt & abiiciunt obedientiam, nec <lb></lb>patri parent, cui Naturæ lege ſubiecti ſunt, <lb></lb>amoris iter interrumpitur, & obliuiſcimur quandoque nos eſſe <lb></lb>patres. </s> <s id="s.000046">Quod dico de aliìs, dico nunc expertus in me ipſo. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000047">Nam filia hæc mea, quæ, vt ſcis, licet inuita, meo tamen iuſſu <lb></lb>viæ ſe commiſerat, vt adiret<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> FRANCISCVM MEDI<lb></lb>CEM <emph type="italics"></emph>ſplendoris immenſi excelſique animi Principem, Ma<lb></lb>gnum Etruriæ Ducem II. cui, eam ego muneri me miſſurum <lb></lb>promiſeram, quamuis vſque ad Regias ædes progreſſa eſſet, <lb></lb>eas tamen non auſa est ingredi, & illarum ædium magnificen<lb></lb>tia, & maxima aulicorum frequentia, ciuium, ſummorumque <lb></lb>hominum ſplendore, quibus assidue tanti Principis ianua, at<lb></lb>que vestibulum celebratur perterrita: ideo itinere iam penè <lb></lb>confecto domum reuertit toto corpore contremiſcens. </s> <s id="s.000048">Cum <lb></lb>enim à Patre omnia metueret, refugerat ſanguis, neque <lb></lb>mehercule ſine cauſa, propterea quod, vt vidi eam redeun<lb></lb>tem, ac amori meo amore non reſpondentem, exarſi iracun<lb></lb>dia, & vix me continui,, quin inuolauerim in capillum, eoque <lb></lb>ipſam & veste conſciderim: atque niſi mihi ad pedes pro-<pb xlink:href="011/01/011.jpg"></pb>ſtrata iacuiſſet miſera, patris miſericordiam implorans, ſe <lb></lb>peccaſſe niſi vidiſſet, iureque iurando niſi confirmaſſet me iu<lb></lb>bente Patre, quoties opus ſit, ſe tuo tantum comitatu ſeptam, <lb></lb>florentissimam istam, fortunatissimam, & pulcherrimam <lb></lb>vrbem, orbis terrarum lucem, & tam præclara Vrbe Prin<lb></lb>cipem dignissimum, omnino omni crudelitate laceraſſem. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000049">Quamquam igitur pudor eius mihi viſus est ſubrusticus, & <lb></lb>meum animum non parum offendit, ei tamen, quia ætas illa <lb></lb>pudore dicitur ornari, naturali etiam in liberos amore addu<lb></lb>ctus ignoui; eoque facilius quod eam cogor pluris etiam quam <lb></lb>antea facere, cum nunc <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> ita abundare ingenio videam, <lb></lb>vt ſibi te dari in hac ſuſcipienda actione Ducem voluerit, in<lb></lb>telligens credo, quam propter fidem rerumque agendarum pe<lb></lb>ritiam ſis gratioſus apud amplissimum clarissimumque illum <lb></lb>Principem Virum, ad quem, niſi velit paternam gratiam ef<lb></lb>fundere, cogitur adire. </s> <s id="s.000050">Quare, quæ tua eſt ſingularis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in me <lb></lb>ſolum ſed in omnes etiam beneuolentia, & humanitas, tametſi <lb></lb>ſemper ita es de maximis rebus occupatus, vt ab omni occupa<lb></lb>tione te numquam expedias, quam ad te mitto filiam com<lb></lb>mendatam habeas, eandem comiteris, atque in itinere tan<lb></lb>tum puellæ addas animi, ſi perget eſſe timida vt ea in orna<lb></lb>tissimi noſtri Principis conſpectum veniat, & mea fides libe<lb></lb>retur. </s> <s id="s.000051">Vale, ac me vt ſoles ama.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/012.jpg"></pb> </section> <section> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000052">BENEDICTVS TITIVS <lb></lb>ROBERTO F. DVLCISSIMO. <lb></lb>S. P. D.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000053">Tametsi illud maximè tibi propoſitum eſſe de<lb></lb>bet, Roberte fili, vt exactam iuriſciuilis faculta<lb></lb>tem, & ſcientiam, cui nunc in Piſani iſta gymna<lb></lb>ſij luce operam nauas, conſequare; ego tamen ita <lb></lb>ſemper exiſtimaui, oportere eum, qui iuriſcons. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000054">futurus ſit, non rabula de foro, plurimis, atque <lb></lb>optimis artibus ornatum eſſe; quo factum eſt, vt <lb></lb>teneriori adhuc ætate exquiſitius te iis literis inſtituerim, quibus ad <lb></lb>humanitatem informamur, ac deinde annis procedentibus tuo ipſe <lb></lb>inſtinctu, necnon aliqua mea cohortatione ad philoſophiam, quæ <lb></lb>de moribus docet, quæque rerum naturam perſcrutatur, animum <lb></lb>appuleris, in qua quantum profeceris, niſi tui te fallit amor, facilè <lb></lb>tibi erit iudicare: Ego certè, quod parentis fuit amantiſſimi, ac filii <lb></lb>laudum ſitientiſſimi, cumulatè præſtiti; vt ſi quid aut temporis, aut <lb></lb>pecuniarum iacturę factum ſit, eius in te omnis culpa reſideat. </s> <s id="s.000055">At<lb></lb>que vt intelligas me meas in te omnes cogitationes libenter conſume <lb></lb>re ſolere, nec de re quapiam magis laborare, quam vt iis virtutibus <lb></lb>excellas, quæ homines ex vulgi numero eximere conſueuerunt; mit<lb></lb>to ad te HIERONYMI BORRII librum, quem de grauium, <lb></lb>& leuium motu præcellens ille philoſophus conſcriptum tamquam <lb></lb><expan abbr="teſtẽ">teſtem</expan> mutuæ inter nos beneuolentiæ, mihi dono dedit: nam cum is <lb></lb>proximè ab Vrbe reuertiſſet, atque à me officij cauſſa adiretur, poſt <lb></lb>varios de rerum noſtrarum ſtatu ſermones vltro, citroque habitos, <lb></lb>eò delatus eſt, vt maximam ſe, atque adeo præcipuam aduerſæ for<lb></lb>tunæ alleuationem, & à moleſtiis aberrationem ab vna pręſertim phi<lb></lb>loſophia inuenire affirmaret; in qua ita conquieſcere conſueuiſſet, vt <lb></lb>ſuæ omnes ægritudines hoc tamquam pharmaco lenirentur; quam<lb></lb>obrem identidem me ad hoc ſtudium <expan abbr="capeſſendũ">capeſſendum</expan> hortabatur; apud <lb></lb>quem cum deuexam iam ætatem, domeſticaque negocia, quorum <lb></lb>multitudine propè obruor, excuſarem, hęc tibi præcepta dari opor<lb></lb>tere exiſtimabam; & quoniam ſtudiorum cauſſa abeſſes, vehementer <lb></lb>ab eo contendere cœpi, vt aliquod huiuſmodi <expan abbr="ſcriptorũ">ſcriptorum</expan> genus, quod <lb></lb>te ad philoſophiam perdiſcendam inflammaret, nec tamen à ciuili ra<lb></lb>tione magnopere abhorreret, in tui gratiam pertexeret, vel ſi quid <pb xlink:href="011/01/013.jpg"></pb>iam nunc in ſchedulis haberet, oportunè depromeret; is, vt eſt hu<lb></lb>maniſſimus, & tui vehementer amans, facturum ſe, atque id qui<lb></lb>dem breui, prolixè recepit, tum ſcilicet, cum <foreign lang="grc">ύπόμνημα</foreign> quoddam, <lb></lb>quod de grauium, & leuium natura in manibus haberet, abſoluiſſet. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000056">Hic ego hominem acrius vrgere cœpi, vt id, qualecunque eſſet, no<lb></lb>bis oſtenderet, eiuſque legendi copiam faceret: Vidi opus, vehemen<lb></lb>ter probaui; itaque quotidie moleſtior ei ſum factus, donec <expan abbr="extremã">extremam</expan> <lb></lb>commentario manum imponeret; res tandem ad exitum perducta <lb></lb>eſt, quam ad te tranſmittere volui; vt cùm à iuriſconſ. </s> <s id="s.000057">animum ali<lb></lb>quando auocaueris, ea te oblectes, & in tuo ocio diſcas eſſe minimè <lb></lb>ocioſus. </s> <s id="s.000058">Leges igitur librum argumenti, ſi quod aliud in vniuerſa <lb></lb>philoſophia, ſubtiliſſimi & exquiſitiſſimi; cui præterea illud acce<lb></lb>dit, quod eo ordine, ac facilitate, ea verborum copia, atque delectu <lb></lb>BORRIVS noſter vſus eſt, vt <expan abbr="dubiũ">dubium</expan> videri poſſit, quid prius in eo <lb></lb>admiratione <expan abbr="dignũ">dignum</expan> legenti occurrat; Ego certè ita exiſtimo, nihil eru<lb></lb>ditius, nihil <expan abbr="elegãtius">elegantius</expan>, nihil denique in hoc genere abſolutius fieri po<lb></lb>tuiſſe, ac <expan abbr="pręterquã">pręterquam</expan> quod Peripateticę parti illi, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> membro philoſo<lb></lb>phiæ, quod re vera ſicut eſt, ita omnium iudicio valde obſcurum, <lb></lb>multiſque obſtructum difficultatibus exiſtimatur, locis aliquot ſpar<lb></lb>ſim hoc volumine plurimum luminis circumfunditur, perdifficiles <lb></lb>omnes, & perobſcuræ ab antiquis de motu diſceptationes agitatæ in <lb></lb>medio proponuntur, & in clariſſimam lucem è tenebris, in quibus <lb></lb>hactenus demerſę iacuerant, fœliciter euocantur, vt <expan abbr="probatiſſimorũ">probatiſſimorum</expan> <lb></lb>Gręcorum, & Ariſtotelis pręcipuè diuinam methodum, perpetuum<lb></lb>que in veritate eruenda ingenij acumen (quorum vtrumque à recen<lb></lb>tioribus iſtis philoſophis longè ſolet abeſſe, vt nihil interim dicam <lb></lb>de recti ſermonis proprietate, & elegantia, cui ſe bellum indixiſſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>modo videri volunt, ſed hoc potiſſimum nomine apud in cautam, <lb></lb>ſimplicemque iuuentutem ſe plurimum iactant, & gloriantur, ac ſi <lb></lb>Diis placet, de ſuperiore nonnumquam loco clarè, atque apertè pro<lb></lb>nunciant) in homine latino facilè agnoſcas; itaque cum futurum <lb></lb>cernerem, vt magna vtilitas in eos redundaret, qui philoſophiæ ſtu<lb></lb>diis capiuntur, ſi liber hic diuulgaretur; magnopere eum cohortari <lb></lb>inſtiti, ne adeo præclarum munus poſteritati inuideret, & quod fœli<lb></lb>ciſſimo illo ſuo ingenio, non exiguis mehercule laboribus, diligen<lb></lb>tia propè infinita peperiſſet, nimia quadam modeſtia, quam tamen <lb></lb>omnes inuidentiam potius interpretaturi eſſent, interire pateretur: <lb></lb>euici tandem ab amiciſſimo homine, vt librum typographis impri<lb></lb>mendum traderet, itaque factum eſt; quem ea cautione leges, vt iu<lb></lb>riſprudentiæ ſtudiis ne obſit; neque enim ignoras quam de te opinio <lb></lb>nem concitaueris; itemque illud meminiſſe debes, nonnullos videli<pb xlink:href="011/01/014.jpg"></pb>cet eſſe, qui linore; atque inuitliæ aliqua aſperſi, multarum iſtam <expan abbr="tuũ">tuam</expan><lb></lb>rerum ſcientiam, tamquam à iuriſconſſ. </s> <s id="s.000059">facultate prorſus alienam <lb></lb>damnent, atque vituperent; quorum animis inueteratam opinio<lb></lb>nem excutere in te ſitum eſt, atque vt penitus euellas, non ſolum mo<lb></lb>neo, ſed etiam iubeo: quod ſanè effeceris, ſi modum in his literis ad <lb></lb>hibueris; Non eſt hic locus, nec tempus patitur, vt ſtudiorum tuo<lb></lb>rum rationem tibi præſcribam, quamquam de ea re pluribus me co<lb></lb>ràm tecum eſſe locutum memini, nec tu etiam ignoras. </s> <s id="s.000060">Vides quam <lb></lb>omnes in te oculos coniectos habeant, finge tibi cernere illorum læ<lb></lb>titiam, qui ab expectatione tuorum ſtudiorum pendent; ij ſi te ad sy<lb></lb>renarum ſcopulos conſediſſe intelligent, id eſt, ſi iuriſciuilis ſcientia <lb></lb>relicta humaniores diſciplinas toto pectore hauſiſſe cognoſcent, mi <lb></lb>rum quàm omnibus inceſſent lętitiis, quàm ſint gaudio trium<lb></lb>phaturi. </s> <s id="s.000061">Sed redeo ad prima. </s> <s id="s.000062">ſtudiorum tuorum curſum <lb></lb>velim ita modereris, vt iuriſconſultum to, non legu<lb></lb>leium fore memineris. </s> <s id="s.000063">BORRIVS noſter <lb></lb>te ſalutat, tu illi viciſſim gratiam habe<lb></lb>bis de ſuo munere, atque interim <lb></lb>per literas ages quàm cumu<lb></lb>latiſſimè. </s> <s id="s.000064">Cura vt va<lb></lb>leas. </s> <s id="s.000065">Vale Flo<lb></lb>rentia. </s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/015.jpg"></pb> </section> <section> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000066">AD HIERONYMVM BORRVM <lb></lb>ROBERTVS TITIVS.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000067">Q<emph type="italics"></emph>vos pater aureolos miſit mihi nomine <lb></lb>libros<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000068">BORRE <emph type="italics"></emph>tuo, quibus obſcura caligine te<lb></lb>ctam<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000069"><emph type="italics"></emph>Naturam leuis, atque grauis rimaris, & <lb></lb>alto<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000070"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ingenio luſtras penetralia ſancta ſophorum <lb></lb>Perlegi, ac lectos iterumque iterumque probaui. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000071">Sed (verum vt fatear) gratos mihi reddidit illa <lb></lb>Cauſſa magis, quia certa tui præstantis amoris <lb></lb>In me ſunt viſi monimenta, & pignora certa; <lb></lb>Nam quod ego memorem dulci quæſita labore, <lb></lb>Et vigilata diù, ac multum præclara latentis <lb></lb>Naturæ inuenta, & Latias vulgata per oras <lb></lb>Non est<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> BORRE, <emph type="italics"></emph>mei neque enim contenta videre <lb></lb>Ingenij potis est acies arcana, tibi vni <lb></lb>Sola patent, tibi fatorum ſe ſe explicat ordo, <lb></lb>Cauſſarumque vices, rerumque exordia prima. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000072">Tu ratione duce ingreſſus veſtigia magno <lb></lb>Trita ſene, æthereas quem fudit lucis in auras <lb></lb>Græcia Cecropiæ propè mœnia parua Stagiris, <lb></lb>Aeternum quæris ventura in ſecula nomen. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000073">Hic meus in te amor, ac verò tua maxima virtus<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="011/01/016.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>Suadet vt innumeras pertexam carmine laudes, <lb></lb>Quæ te ſublimem tollunt ad sydera mundi. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000074">Sed parte ex alia cupientem plura profari <lb></lb>Me reuocat pudor ingenuus, nec dicere coram <lb></lb>Te præſente ſinit, melius res ipſa loquetur, <lb></lb>Et meritam digno tribuet tibi nomine famam. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000075">Vnum oro, vt pergas naturæ infundere lucem <lb></lb>Et ſæpè ingenij tales depromere fœtus <lb></lb>Pro quibus ore vno certatim ſe fateantur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000076">Mortales tibi debere, astrictique teneri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/017.jpg"></pb> </section> <section> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000077">IN HIERONYMVM BORRIVM <lb></lb>præceptorem philoſophorum <lb></lb>præſtantiſs.</s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000078">FABIVS LVCIVS.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000079"><emph type="italics"></emph>Cvr grauitate petant centrum hæc, leuitate cur astra <lb></lb>Quis grauius docuit<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> (BORRIVS) <emph type="italics"></emph>en leuius?<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000080"><emph type="italics"></emph>Abdita quæ primis, tibi ſic reſerata patebunt, <lb></lb>His graue quod primo, vt ſit leue quippe prius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/018.jpg"></pb> </section> <section> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000081"><emph type="italics"></emph>Veterum Philoſophorum nomina, quorum ſententiæ in hoc <lb></lb>libro aut recipiuntur, aut exploduntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000082">A.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000083">Alcinous </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000084">Alexander Aphrodiſienſis </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000085">Algazel </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000086">Anaxagoras </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000087">Anaximander </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000088">Anaximenes </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000089">Antipho </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000090">Ariſtarcus </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000091">Ariſtoteles </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000092">Auempace </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000093">Auerroes </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000094">Auicenna </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000095">C.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000096">Calcidius </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000097">D.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000098">Democritus </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000099">Diogenes Appolloniates </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000100">E.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000101">Empedocles </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000102">Epicurus </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000103">Euclides </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000104">Eudemus Rhodius </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000105">G.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000106">Galenus </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000107">H.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000108">Heraclides </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000109">Heraclitus </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000110">Hermes Triſmegiſtus </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000111">Heſiodus </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000112">Homerus </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000113">Hypparcus Metapontinus </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000114">I.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000115">Iamblicus </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000116">L.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000117">Leucippus </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000118">Liparius Ariſtotelis expoſitor. </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000119">Lucretius </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000120">M.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000121">Megetius Alexandrinus </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000122">Meliſſus </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000123">N.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000124">Nicetus </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000125">O.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000126">Orpheus </s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/019.jpg"></pb> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000127">P.Parmenides </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000128">Phyloponus </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000129">Phylolaus </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000130">Plato </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000131">Plinius </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000132">Plotinus </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000133">Porphirius </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000134">Proclus </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000135">Pſeuſippus </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000136">Pythagoras </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000137">S.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000138">Simplicius </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000139">Strato Lampſacenus </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000140">T.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000141">Thales Mileſius </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000142">Themiſtius </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000143">Theodorus Metochites </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000144">Theophraſtus </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000145">Timæus Locrus </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000146">Z.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000147">Zenarcus </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000148">Zenophanes </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000149">Zeno. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000150">FINIS.</s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/020.jpg"></pb> <pb pagenum="1" xlink:href="011/01/021.jpg"></pb> </section> </front> <body> <chap> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000151">PRIMA PARS <lb></lb>PERIPATETICAE <lb></lb>DISPVTATIONIS <lb></lb>DE MOTV GRAVIVM, <lb></lb>ET LEVIVM</s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000152">AVCTORE HIERONYMO BORRIO <lb></lb>Phyloſopho Arretino.</s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000153">Ab eodem in Almo Piſano Gymnaſio publicè <lb></lb>profitente diſputata.</s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000154">Explicationem exitus quæſtionis de Motu gra<lb></lb>uium, & leuium eſſe, non minus difficilem, <lb></lb>quam neceſſariam. </s> <s id="s.000155">Caput I.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000156">P<emph type="italics"></emph>erdifficilis, & perobſcura quæ<lb></lb>stio eſt, de motu grauium, & le<lb></lb>uium; quæ, vt multa alia in Phy<lb></lb>loſophya, nequaquam ſatis adhuc <lb></lb>explicata, ad cognitionem animi <lb></lb>pulcherrima eſt, & ad <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> locum, <lb></lb>quem explanandum ſuſcepimus, <lb></lb>intelligendum, & ad complures <lb></lb>alios contemplandos, vſque adeo neceſſaria, vt ſine huius pro <lb></lb>poſitæ conquiſitionis explicatione, ſine velis, ſine remis, ſine <lb></lb>arctemone, ſine pixide, ac ſine gubernatore nauigantes, in <lb></lb>ſcopulos, & in ſirtes incauti impingant, & ab innumeris fere <lb></lb>aduerſæ fortunæ fluctibus, atque procellis agitati, in tot a Phy<lb></lb>loſophya naufragium miſerè faciant: quod natura, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ipſa,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="2" xlink:href="011/01/022.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ignoretur; quæ nihil aliud eſt, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> huius naturalis motus prin<lb></lb>cipium: vt auctor est Aristoteles in vestibulo ſecundi libri <lb></lb>Phyſicorum. </s> <s id="s.000157">Hinc inteligimus rem hanc non parum momen<lb></lb>ti habere, quin potius, vel maxime referre ad veritatis inueſti<lb></lb>gationem, hunc nouiſſe motum. </s> <s id="s.000158">Ideo nulla de re magis conten<lb></lb>dunt, ac pænè degladiantur Philoſophi, quam de hoc motu. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000159">Hæc omnium ferè contentionum, quæ hactenus inter Philo<lb></lb>ſophos verſatæ ſunt prima fuit, atque etiam poſthac erit, <lb></lb>ſi hic elementorum motus ignoretur: Cenſet Antipho vnam <lb></lb>eſſe materiam, quæ primo natura dicatur, & quæ ſit huius <lb></lb>motus principium; Empedocles terram architectatur immo<lb></lb>bilem, & à celeri cæli conuerſione prohiberi, quo minus mo<lb></lb>ueatur: Democritus, Leucippus, & Epicurus elementa teme<lb></lb>rè moueri dixerunt. </s> <s id="s.000160">Anaxagoras partes quaſdam conſimi<lb></lb>les, atque immobiles commentus est: Parmenides, & Me<lb></lb>liſſus motum ſustulerunt. </s> <s id="s.000161">Sed nimis longum eſſet hoc loco <lb></lb>ſingulas veterum Philoſophorum opiniones <expan abbr="recẽſere">recenſere</expan>: ſatis ſit, <lb></lb>hunc motum intelligere, plurimum in Philoſophia referre: <lb></lb>& hanc conquiſitionem, quò eſt magis neceſſaria, eò eſſe expli<lb></lb>catu difficiliorem: Norunt omnes antiquorum hac de re opi<lb></lb>niones eſſe contrarias, nec ignorant, cuius doctrinæ, & cuius <lb></lb>iudicij ſit, vtram duarum partium veriorem diiudicare: dein <lb></lb>de cuius induſtriæ, cuius laboris, quod verum iudicatum fue<lb></lb>rit, litteris mandare in tanta præſertim Philoſophorum, & <lb></lb>ſcriptorum copia, quos noſtra hæc felicissima ætas tulit: qui in <lb></lb>ea enodanda laborarunt, at que laborant, & concordes non <lb></lb>ſunt: tam variæ, tamque diſcrepantes illorum ſententiæ ma<lb></lb>gno argumento eſſe poſſunt, totum quod quærimus eſſe difficil<lb></lb>limum: propter hanc cauſam ſcire vos oportet, candidissimi <lb></lb>Lectores, hic dere non tantum difficili, sed etiam minime <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="3" xlink:href="011/01/023.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſtabili, nempè de motu diſputari; ideo ſat erit, ſi diſceptatio <lb></lb>talis ſit, qualis eſt illa, quæ facilè redargui non potest: in quæ <lb></lb>nobiſcum bene actum putabimus, ſi non demonstrata verita<lb></lb>te, ſed probabilibus ſaltem argumentis confirmata, <expan abbr="ſimilitu-dinẽ">ſimilitu<lb></lb>dinem</expan> veri conſecuti fuerimus: his contenti eſſe debebitis: <expan abbr="æquũ">æquum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt enim meminiſſe, & me, qui diſſeram, hominem eſſe; & vos, <lb></lb>qui iudicatis, homines eſſe: ergo ſi probabilia dicentur, vos, qui <lb></lb>homines estis, nihil vltra requirere conuenit à me, qui homo <lb></lb>ſum: ideo quæ ſunt ſupra hominum captum, præſtare non <lb></lb>poſſum: ad veritatem tamen (vt licet) agnoſcendam, cum <lb></lb>pro nostris tenuissimis viribus anhelo pectore aſpiremus, quæ<lb></lb>rendum duximus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000162"><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrum ne grauia, & leuia elementorum ſimplicia cor<lb></lb>pora per ſe à ſe ipſis, an verò ab aliis recto motu moueantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000163">De neceſſario tractandorum ordine. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000164">Caput II.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000165">V<emph type="italics"></emph>t ritè, ac legitimè veritatem, quæ (vt Democrito ali<lb></lb>quando placuit) in profundas tenebras demerſa eſt, ex <lb></lb>vmbris, pluſquam Cimmeriæ vmquam fuerint denſio <lb></lb>ribus eruamus, & in hanc ſplendidissimam lucem produca<lb></lb>mus, ordo explicandorum huic quæſtioni adhibendus eſt, quo <lb></lb>intelligentiam rerum, præſertim abditarum, iuuari, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>inuentionem latentium rationum dirigi, quibusſlibet vel me<lb></lb>diocriter eruditis perſpicuum est: Perfecta enim eſt ordinis <lb></lb>intelligentia, qua duce nemo res ipſas ignorare poteſt: cum ſo<lb></lb>la hæc ſit via, & ratio doctrinarum ad perſpicuitatem aptiſ<lb></lb>ſima, & ad <expan abbr="abſolutã">abſolutam</expan> rerum cognitionem accommodatissima: <lb></lb><expan abbr="eã">ean</expan> nos in præſentia ingrediemur: ne nobis vſu veniat id, quod <lb></lb>Morioni cuidam iampridem vſu venerat: qui in heri <expan abbr="culinã">culinam </expan><emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="4" xlink:href="011/01/024.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ligna de more ferebat, & ex infimæ lignorum ſtrue ea prius <lb></lb>reuellebat, quæ moueri ſine magno labore non poterant: hic <lb></lb>certè non vidit, quantum referret ſingula ordine tollere: quod <lb></lb>vos, in quorum gratiam hæc diſputantur (vt ſpero) videbitis:<lb></lb>eam ob rem non modo vniuerſam diſquiſitionem in ſuas par<lb></lb>tes minutatim, atque gradatim diſtribuemus, cum diſtribuen <lb></lb>di locus aduenerit, ſed & eam methodum ducem, in inuenien <lb></lb>do ſequemur, quam Ariſtoteles<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">ἀνάλυσιν</foreign>. <emph type="italics"></emph>id eſt <expan abbr="diſſolutionẽ">diſſolutionem</expan> <lb></lb>appellauit: elementa enim, quorum motus cauſæ inuestigan<lb></lb>tur, in ſuas partes magnas, & magnæ in paruas, quæ in mino<lb></lb>res diſſolui non poterunt, diſſoluentur, donec ad prima huius <lb></lb>motionis principia peruenerimus; quæ non ſolum analiſi hac, <lb></lb>quam paullo ante memorauimus, inuententur, ſed compoſitio<lb></lb>nis eo ordine, quem Ariſtoteles<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">σὺνθεσιν</foreign> <emph type="italics"></emph>vocauit, poſtquam in<lb></lb>uenta fuerint, artificioſa methodo in hoc libro diſputabuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000166">Perſpicuum etiam fiet, quæ ſint cauſæ omnium primæ, atque <lb></lb>immediatæ, à quibus elementa <expan abbr="cõcitentur">concitentur</expan>: nec propterea<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">διαί<lb></lb>ρεσις</foreign>, <emph type="italics"></emph>id eſt diuiſio negligetur: ſed eadem ſuo loco, & tempo<lb></lb>re vſurpabitur: quamquam duo prima methodorum genera <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles ferè ſemper, & vbique probare voluerit: Plato <lb></lb>verò tertium magis probandum eſſe duxerit: de quibus rerum <lb></lb>tractandarum ordinibus Ariſtoteles in Analiticis, & Plato <lb></lb>in Alcibiade ſcripſit, & nos alibi diſputauimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000167">Illis omnibus derelictis, qui nuper phyloſophari <lb></lb>cœperunt, ad antiquos vniuerſam hanc noſtram <lb></lb>diſceptationem conuertemus. </s> <s id="s.000168">Cap. III.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000169">QVONIAM <emph type="italics"></emph>vtrique & Peripaterici, & Academi<lb></lb>ci eſſe volumus, ad Platonem aliquando noſtra diuer-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="5" xlink:href="011/01/025.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tet oratio: quippe quod, ſi mentis aciem paullo diligentius <lb></lb>adhibuerimus, nihil eſſe in Aristotele, quin illud à Plato<lb></lb>ne prius diſputatum fuerit, procul dubio inueniemus: quam<lb></lb>quam Phyloſophus iſte vere diuinus, multa præſertim de mori<lb></lb>bus grauissimè, & copioſissimè diſputauit, quæ ab Ariſtotele, <lb></lb>ne attinguntur quidem. </s> <s id="s.000170">Aliquando ergo vtriuſque rationem <lb></lb>habebimus: & ab vtroque nostram, quantulamcumque Phy<lb></lb>loſophyam, mutuabimur: alterum cum altero (vt res ipſa po<lb></lb>ſtulare videbitur) vltrò citroque vicissim conferemus: vt ex <lb></lb>hac mutua vtriuſque collatione eliciatur aliquando, elidatur<lb></lb>que veritas perinde ac ex crebro ſilicis, & ferri attritu excu<lb></lb>titur, eliditur que ignis: nec Platonis modo, sed & <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> ferè <lb></lb>antiquorum ſententias diſputabimus: ad Auerrois poſtea di<lb></lb>gressiones diuertemus: dignus eſt enim Auerroes, dum digre<lb></lb>ditur, qui cum Ariſtotele conferatur: quia ad grauissimam <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis doctrinam, doctissimam que eiuſdem grauitatem, <lb></lb>vel omnino, vel ſaltem quam proximè accedit: Sunt Auer<lb></lb>rois digressiones inuentione fœcundæ, ſententiarum pondere <lb></lb>graues, argumentorum numero neruoſæ, Peripatetica metho<lb></lb>do diſtinctæ, & (quod ex illis accepimus, qui Auerrois lin<lb></lb>guam nouerunt) dictione ſplendidæ: vt nihil <expan abbr="fœcũdius">fœcundius</expan>, gra<lb></lb>uius, neruoſius, diſtinctius, ſplendidius: Quis Auerroe, dum <lb></lb>digreditur, proponit abſolutius? </s> <s id="s.000171">Quis narrat euidentius? </s> <s id="s.000172">Quis <lb></lb>docet apertius? </s> <s id="s.000173">Quis <expan abbr="cõfirmat">confirmat</expan> efficacius? </s> <s id="s.000174">Quis <expan abbr="cõfutat">confutat</expan> acrius? <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000175">Quis colligit neruoſius? </s> <s id="s.000176">Qui nerui? </s> <s id="s.000177">Qui lacerti? </s> <s id="s.000178">Qui vigor? </s> <s id="s.000179">Quod <lb></lb>pectus? </s> <s id="s.000180">Quanta cauſæ fiducia? </s> <s id="s.000181">Nuſquam ceſſat: Nuſquam <lb></lb>iacet: Nuſquam restitit: Nuſquam dormitat: ſed vbique <lb></lb>properans ſequacem, <expan abbr="obtemperantemq.">obtemperantemque</expan> lectorem Auerroes <lb></lb>ſecum rapit: it a vt mirandum non ſit, ſi in his noſtris diſcepta<lb></lb>tionibus maximam Auerrois rationem habituri ſimus: quod <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="6" xlink:href="011/01/026.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>diſputationis mare, vastum certe erit: in quod ſi ſemel tan<lb></lb>tum vela pandere cœperimus, longa nobis erit, & grauis ex <expan abbr="cõcertatione">con<lb></lb>certatione</expan> iactatio: nec niſi post longos errores ad illam no<lb></lb>bis optatissimum naturalis veritatis portum veniemus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000182">Vniuerſæ diſputationis in ſuas partes diſtri<lb></lb>butio. </s> <s id="s.000183">Cap. IIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000184">DISPVTATIO <emph type="italics"></emph>ergo tripartito diſtribuetur: prime <lb></lb>voces, quæ ſunt in quæſtionis capite, ancipites <expan abbr="explana-bũtur">explana<lb></lb>buntur</expan>: id quod ab re fortaſſe non fuerit: propter Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis ſententiam libro primo de interpretatione his verbis <lb></lb><expan abbr="conſcriptã">conſcriptam</expan>. </s> <s id="s.000185">Voces ſunt animæ notionum interpretes; & ani<lb></lb>mæ notiones ſunt indices illarum rerum, quæ ſunt extra <expan abbr="ani-mã">ani<lb></lb>mam</expan>: quò fit vt qui voces non explicet, in æquiuoco laboret; enu<lb></lb>cleandæ ſunt ergo voces, illarumque obſcuritas illuſtranda, ſi <lb></lb>quod ancipitis, & obſcuri habeant: iuxta ſententiam Ari<lb></lb>stotelis libro primo de Cælo, particula decima ſupra centeſi<lb></lb>mam, & non raro alibi: hinc etiam fit, vt qui tum voces, tum <lb></lb>animi notiones intus, & incute nouerit, de rebus diſertè eloqui, <lb></lb>& ſcribere valeat: Secundo Peripatetica ſententia, postha<lb></lb>bitis atque in alium locum reiectis aliorum opinionibus, confir<lb></lb>mabitur: ne quis credat nos animo explodendi mendacij po<lb></lb>tius, quam confirmandæ veritatis, manum ad ſcribendum ap<lb></lb>puliſſe: Tertio argumentorum quorundam exitus explicabi<lb></lb>tur: ex quorum explicatione meridiano ſole clarius, cuilibet <lb></lb>apparere poterit, quid de aliorum ſententiis ſentiendum ſit: <lb></lb>quod ſi ex voto <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſucceſſerit, vt argumentorum nexus ſolua<lb></lb>tur, gladio perinde ac Gordianus nodus incidetur: ne Peripa<lb></lb>teticæ veritatis hoſtes eamdem in hac parte labefactare au-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="7" xlink:href="011/01/027.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>deant: & ne qui ementito Philoſophorum nomine ementitam <lb></lb>Philoſophiam profitentur, Aristoteli Peripateticorum om<lb></lb>nium vere Principi id falſo imponere audeant, quò nihil mi<lb></lb>nus excogitauit. </s> <s id="s.000186">His rationibus primi Philoſophiæ fontes ape<lb></lb>rientur; omnia ad illos reuocabuntur: ex quibus aqua purior <lb></lb>haurietur, quam ex lutulentis poſteriorum lacunis. </s> <s id="s.000187">Cœptis igi<lb></lb>tur faueat Deus; & à capite ad calcem vſque benè cœpta ſe<lb></lb>cundet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000188">Prima pars princeps. </s> <s id="s.000189">Cap. V.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000190">CONCERTATIONE <emph type="italics"></emph>ſecta, & artificioſius, quam <lb></lb>per me fieri potuit, digesta, quo voces, quæ ſunt in il<lb></lb>lius capite ancipites, melius <expan abbr="intelligãtur">intelligantur</expan>, <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> gra<lb></lb>uia, & leuia, ſimplicia eſſe hoc loco ponimus: quoniam ſunt <lb></lb>ſubiacentes materiæ, circa quas hæc tractatio tota verſa<lb></lb>tur: materiam autem, quæ ſubiicitur, eſſe ab eo artifice, cui <lb></lb>ſubiicitur, nec debere, nec poſſe demonstrari: auctor est Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles libro primo poſteriorum: ſed eiuſdem eſſe, vel vt vi, <lb></lb>natur áque ſua notum, vel vt in ſuperiori ſcientia <expan abbr="demõſtratũ">demonſtratum</expan>, <lb></lb>accipiendum ex eodem Ariſtotele diſcimus: ne quid tamen in <lb></lb>tactum relinquatur, ab ea conquiſitione ſequenti capite exor<lb></lb>diemur, quam Ariſtoteles secundo libro poſteriorum parti<lb></lb>cula prima, poſt eam, quæ ad id pertinet, quæ eſſe rei demon<lb></lb>ſtrat, explicandam voluit: ea est, qua rei propoſitæ <expan abbr="definitio-nẽ">definitio<lb></lb>nem</expan> inueſtigamus; elementi etenim motus facilis, atque perſpi<lb></lb>cuus fiet, ſi, quæ ſit elementi natura, <expan abbr="definiẽdo">definiendo</expan> explicuerimus: <lb></lb>nam ex elementi definitione eiuſdem actiones, & motus dein<lb></lb>de reperiemus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="8" xlink:href="011/01/028.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000191">Elementi definitio breuiſsimè illuſtratur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000192">Caput VI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000193">QVAERIMVS <emph type="italics"></emph>itaque; quid ſimplicia, grauia, & <lb></lb>leuia corpora ſint, quæ elementa vocantur: Niſi enim <lb></lb>res, de qua agitur, quibuſdam, veluti formulis, definien <lb></lb>do præſcribatur, numquam intelligi rectè poterit, quid nam il<lb></lb>lud ſit, quod in eam diſputationem, quam instituimus, cadit: <lb></lb><expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> ergo ea corpora ſunt, ex quibus fit aliquid, cui inſunt: <lb></lb>& in quæ alia omnia corpora <expan abbr="diſſoluũtur">diſſoluuntur</expan>, & ſunt indiuidua, <lb></lb>ſecundum <expan abbr="speciẽ">speciem</expan>: id quod ex Ariſtotele accipimus libro quin <lb></lb>to <expan abbr="diuinorũ">diuinorum</expan> particula quarta, & libro tertio de cælo, & mun<lb></lb>do, particula trigeſimaprima: In qua definitione corpus est <lb></lb>loco generis: quoniam omne elementum est corpus, at non om<lb></lb>ne corpus eſt elementum: cælum enim excipiendum eſt: quod, <lb></lb>quamquam eſt corpus, <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> tamen, aut non dici, aut aliæ <lb></lb>ratione, & longe diuerſa, elementum dici debet: cum ex eo <lb></lb>aut nihil fiat, aut alia ratione fiat: fructices, miner alia, bru<lb></lb>ta, & homines, quamquam corpora ſunt, ab elementi tamen <lb></lb>definitione exploduntur: quod in ea corpora remeent, dum ſol<lb></lb>uuntur, ex quibus concreta fuerunt; explodenda eſt etiam pri<lb></lb>uatio, quæ in re facta non remanet: & eam ob rem à mate<lb></lb>ria differt, quæ vna cum elementis est pars rei factæ: vt vi<lb></lb>dere est apud Aristotelem in calce libri primi Phyſicorum. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000194">Verum quoniam elementa corpora ſunt vnius modi, ſui vnde<lb></lb>quaque ſimilia; quæ homogenea dicuntur, non autem dissimi<lb></lb>lium partium; quæ eterogenea nuncupantur, ea corpora in<lb></lb>diuidua ſecundum <expan abbr="ſpeciẽ">ſpeciem</expan> appellantur: non enim in alia prio<lb></lb>ra corpora diſſoluuntur, quæ ſint alterius rationis: vt caput <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="9" xlink:href="011/01/029.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>in carnem, oſſa, & neruos diſſoluitur: quæ caput non ſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000195">Nec materia prima verum est elementum: cum actu ſit <lb></lb>oporteat id, quod est pars rei, quæ fit. </s> <s id="s.000196">Nec materia propin<lb></lb>qua, quæ rebus certis accommodatur, dici poterit elementum: <lb></lb>quoniam in priora corpora diſſoluitur: eſt enim elementorum <lb></lb>proprium ſimplicia corpora eſſe, quæ ex nullis aliis corporibus <lb></lb>fiant, & ex quibus cætera omnia conflentur: id fieri certè non <lb></lb>poſſet, ſi elementa ex corporibus componerentur: cum duo, <lb></lb>pluraue corpora in vno ſubiecto, & loco existere non queant. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000197">Non tamen putet quis elementa ſic ſimplicia eſſe, vt nulla <expan abbr="cõ-cretione">con<lb></lb>cretione</expan> conſtare dicantur; habent enim materiam, & for<lb></lb>mam, id, quod ex eorum mutua, & frequenti mutatione iudi<lb></lb>care licet; quæ abſque ſubiacente materia & abſque forma <lb></lb>habente rationem contrarij, fieri non poſſe inficias ibit nemo: <lb></lb>cum ex nihilo nihil fiat, iuxta illud axioma, quod Philoſophi <lb></lb>omnes ad hanc vſque noſtram ætatem dederunt. </s> <s id="s.000198">Materia er<lb></lb>go vel ſecunda, vel propinqua, vel proxima, vel quouis alio no<lb></lb>mine appellata elementum non est, ſed corpus eſt ex elemen<lb></lb>tis conflatum; & hæc vnà cum corporibus, quorum est mate<lb></lb>ria, in elementa illa diſſoluitur, ex quibus conficitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000199"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec Anaxagoræ corpora, quæ <expan abbr="cõſimiles">conſimiles</expan> actu habent par<lb></lb>tes infinitas: vt carnem, oſſa, neruos, lapides, ligna, ceteráque <lb></lb>id genus, conſimilium quamquam partium, elementa tamen <lb></lb>eſſe poſſunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000200"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec Democriti, Leucippi, & Epicuri indiuidua illa cor<lb></lb>puſcula, quæ per medium hoc innane ſpacium volitant, inter <lb></lb>elementa relata vmquam erunt: quoniam hæc corpora ſunt <lb></lb>non ſimplicia, ſed ex prioribus elementorum ſimplicibus cor<lb></lb>poribus conflata.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000201"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec corpora dissimilium partium, vt manus, brachium,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="10" xlink:href="011/01/030.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>put, & cætera ſunt elementa: quoniam hæc (vti diximus) <lb></lb>in alia priora corpora reuertuntur, cum intereunt, ex quibus <lb></lb>facta fuerunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000202"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hæc de elementorum definitione breuiter dixiſſe ſufficiat: <lb></lb>quia elementa nec quatenus <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan>, nec quatenus ex eiſdem <lb></lb>mixta conflantur, in hodiernam hanc quæstionem accerſita <lb></lb>fuerunt: ſed tantum vel vt grauia ſunt, vel leuia; inſtabilem<lb></lb>que illorum naturam ſurſum, deorſum commeantem perſe<lb></lb>quemur: eam ob cauſam ſolius elementi quatenus vel graue <lb></lb>eſt, vel leue definitio longa oratione ſuo loco, & tempore con<lb></lb>texta, narrabitur: adaperta etiam definitione grauitatis, <lb></lb>& leuitatis vt infra videbimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000203">De numero elementorum. </s> <s id="s.000204">Caput VII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000205">N<emph type="italics"></emph>vnc ad <expan abbr="aliã">aliam</expan> <expan abbr="quæſtionē">quæſtionem</expan> aggredimur, quæ ad numerum <lb></lb>corporum grauium, & <expan abbr="leuiũ">leuium</expan>, quæ ſimplicia ſunt, perti<lb></lb>net: præſertim quoniam omnis diſputatio de grauibus, <lb></lb>& leuibus futura eſt. </s> <s id="s.000206">Ante igitur inuenire oportet quot ſint, <lb></lb>& illis mediis, quæ ab Ariſtotele vſurpantur, in his quæ de cæ<lb></lb>lo, & degeneratione. </s> <s id="s.000207">Ac primo non eſſe vnum tantum gra<lb></lb>ue, & leue elementum, plures motus recti, <expan abbr="ſecũdum">ſecundum</expan> quos plu<lb></lb>ra elementa mouentur, <expan abbr="oſtẽdunt">oſtendunt</expan>. </s> <s id="s.000208">Nam quod vnicum, & ſim<lb></lb>plex eſt, ad plura loca, eademque contraria natura ferri non <lb></lb>poſſe, demonſtrat Ariſtoteles libro primo de cælo, & mundo: <lb></lb>ex eo quod vnius corporis ſimplicis vnicus est motus ſimplex: <lb></lb>ſicut vnius motus ſimplicis <expan abbr="vnicũ">vnicum</expan> eſt corpus ſimplex. </s> <s id="s.000209">Ad hæc <lb></lb>commutatio omnis tolleretur, ſi vnum tantum eſſet elemen<lb></lb>tum, non enim haberet à quo afficeretur, cum à ſe ipſo affici <lb></lb>non possit; ſed omne, quod afficitur, à contrario afficitur: at <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="11" xlink:href="011/01/031.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>vno in toto orbe exiſtente elemente, aliquid illi eſſe contrarium <lb></lb>natura non ſuffert.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000210"><emph type="italics"></emph>Neque plura, vnius ſimilisque rationis ſi fuerint <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan>, <lb></lb>inuicem agent: ſed mutuo ſe fouebunt, tamquam vnum ſint. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000211">Quin immo ſi forte in <expan abbr="elemẽto">elemento</expan>, quod vnum eſſe poſitum fuerit, <lb></lb>contrariæ qualitates inueniantur, niſi in elementis pariter ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ ſint diuerſæ, diuerſis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> contrariis affectionum quali<lb></lb>tatibus ſubiectæ, ſuo illæ qualitates vicissim pugnantes con<lb></lb>greſſu nec hilum quidem illud vnum mutabunt: nam, vt diui<lb></lb>nus Plato in ſuis de republica libris ſcripſit. </s> <s id="s.000212">Quod in ſe ipſo, & <lb></lb>quod à ſe ipſo non patitur, nec ab alio quopiam patietur: cum <lb></lb>in ſe cauſam geſtet, quam ob rem pati non possit: & quam ob <lb></lb>rem ſibi ſemper præſto ſit, ſe ſemper ſaluum eſſe velit: ab alio <lb></lb>ergo quod patitur, eodemque <expan abbr="cõtrario">contrario</expan> patiatur oportet id om<lb></lb>ne, quod patitur: qui diuini Platonis locus, quomodo intelligi <lb></lb>debeat, infra, Deo dante, videbitur. </s> <s id="s.000213">Nunc ſcire ſat est, vnum <lb></lb>eſſe vniuſmodi elementum non poſſe: ne commutationes tol<lb></lb>lantur: vt Hyppocrates, & Galenus probant in libro de ele<lb></lb>mentis, & in altero libro de natura humana. </s> <s id="s.000214">His igitur argu<lb></lb>mentis tamquam fuſtibus opinio illa vti falſa, & nulla ratione <lb></lb>ferenda, exploditur: quæ vnum tantum elementum eſſe dicit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000215">Non eſſe duo ſimplicia elementorum corpora inde intelligere <lb></lb>licet, quod non tantum duo ſunt loca, ad quæ ſimplicia hæc cor<lb></lb>pora tendant, & in quibus poſtquam ad illa peruenerint, om<lb></lb>nino quieſcant: nec vna tantum est prima contrariorum re<lb></lb>pugnantia; vt infra dicetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000216"><emph type="italics"></emph>Non eſſe tria tantum elementa duæ primæ contrariorum <lb></lb>repugnantiæ docent, quæ inter tria extrema inueniri non poſ<lb></lb>ſunt: nec tantum tria ſunt loca, ad quæ hæc ſimplicia elemen<lb></lb>ta duce natura <expan abbr="ferãtur">ferantur</expan>, & a quibus contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> diſcedant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="12" xlink:href="011/01/032.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000217"><emph type="italics"></emph>Non eſſe numero infinita elementa, finiti motus recti na<lb></lb>turales ſecundum quos finita elementa cientur, planè demon<lb></lb>ſtrant: in infinito enim nullæ locorum differentiæ eſſe poſſunt; <lb></lb>at quicquid mouetur, certos habeat atque definitos locos opor<lb></lb>tet, vnde proficiſcatur, per quos tendat, & quo feratur: vt pro <lb></lb>batum eſt libro tertio, & quarto de phyſico auditu.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000218"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quatuor ergo tantum nec plura ſunt elementa ſimplicia: <lb></lb>quod probatur argumento Aristotelis libro primo, & quar<lb></lb>to de cælo particula quadrageſimaquarta, & libro ſecundo <lb></lb>de generatione particula vigeſimaſecunda.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000219"><emph type="italics"></emph>Duæ tantum ſunt lineæ ſimplices, rotunda certè, & recta: <lb></lb>ergo duo tantum erunt motus ſimplices: quorum prior ſuper <lb></lb>lineam rotundam, poſterior verò ſuper lineam rectam ſit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000220">Non plures duobus ſunt motus ſimplices: ergo non plures duo<lb></lb>bus ſunt eorum fines, ad quos ſimplicia corpora tendant: alter <lb></lb>ad primum illum motum ſimplicem pertinet corporis illius, <lb></lb>quod vniuerſitatis natura ad volubilitatem rotundauit, idque <lb></lb>ita tornauit, vt nihil effici possit aut rotundius, aut æquè rotun<lb></lb>dum: illud numquam ad finem, ſed ſemper in fine natura <lb></lb>cietur: quod primo Metheorologicorum in principio ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele ſcribitur; motus verò poſterior illius eſt corporis, quod <lb></lb>numquam in fine, verum ſemper ad finem natura <expan abbr="cõcitatur">concitatur</expan>: <lb></lb>vel in fine eadem natura quieſcit. </s> <s id="s.000221">Hinc duo tantum eſſe ſim<lb></lb>plicia corpora ſcimus: primum cæleſte, atque diuinum; quod <lb></lb>perpetuis ſæculorum <expan abbr="cõuerſionibus">conuerſionibus</expan> conuerti demonſtratum eſt <lb></lb>ab Ariſtotele libro octauo Phyſicorum. </s> <s id="s.000222">Alterum eſt elemen<lb></lb>torum corpus, quod aliquando stat immotum aliquando verò <lb></lb>mouetur. </s> <s id="s.000223">Quæ non mouentur <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> corpora; vel extra <lb></lb>naturalem eorum locum, quo minus moueantur, impediun<lb></lb>tur; velin loco naturali natura quieſcunt: quod natura in eis <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="13" xlink:href="011/01/033.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>non tantum motus, ſed etiam status principium eſſe demon<lb></lb>strauerit Ariſtoteles in principio libri ſecundi Phyſicorum, <lb></lb>vt infra notum fiet. </s> <s id="s.000224">Corpus diuinum, rotundamque illius con<lb></lb>uerſionum, ac <expan abbr="perennẽ">perennem</expan> concitationem omittimus: nam ad res, <lb></lb>quæ ſunt natura æternæ, & ad earumdem numquam interi<lb></lb>turas conuerſiones, humilis hæc nostra diſceptatio non aſſur<lb></lb>git, ſed ferè ſerpit humi, & vix ad ea tantum attollitur, quæ <lb></lb>ſunt ſub luna: infra quam ea linea est, quam nos rectam ap<lb></lb>pellauimus: cuius rectus eſt motus, & cuius vnicum <expan abbr="ſpaciũ">ſpacium</expan> eſt <lb></lb>per quod mobilia ſeu ſurſum, ſeu deorſum feruntur: quod à <lb></lb>luna & centro intercipitur. </s> <s id="s.000225">Hæc linea ex vtraque parte fi<lb></lb>nita cum ſit, duos fines neceſſariò habet, ſuperiorem alterum, <lb></lb>qui lunæ globum attingit: & alterum inferiorem qui ad <expan abbr="vſq.">vſque</expan> <lb></lb>totius mundi centrum deſcendit: duo itaque termini ſunt mo<lb></lb>tus illius, qui ſuper lineam rectam fit, alter ſupremus, qui à <lb></lb>medio nuncupatur, alter infimus, qui ad medium dicitur: er<lb></lb>go duo ſunt ſimplicia corpora, quæ ad hos fines ſuper hanc li<lb></lb>neam <expan abbr="rectã">rectam</expan>, et ſimplicem, aut ad ſuperum locum ſurſum aut <lb></lb>ad inferum deorſum feruntur: hæc vel grauia, vel leuia ne<lb></lb>ceſſariò ſunt: grauia deorſum deſcendunt, leuia ſurſum aſcen<lb></lb>dunt: grauia, & leuia aut abſolutè grauia, & leuia ſunt, aut <lb></lb>comparatè: vt ſola terra abſolutè grauis est; & ſolus ignis ab<lb></lb>ſolutè leuis eſſe dicitur: comparatè, vt aer in loco ignis eſt gra<lb></lb>uis, in loco aquæ, & terræ eſt leuis: aqua eſt leuis in loco terræ <lb></lb>& eſt grauis in loco ignis, & aeris: hæc duo ſimplicia elemen<lb></lb>torum corpora comparatè grauia, & leuia, quaſi media cen<lb></lb>ſentur, inter ea, quæ grauia, & leuia ſunt abſolutè, quod natu <lb></lb>ra ab extremo ad extremum ſine omnibus, aut ſine aliquibus <lb></lb>ſaltem mediis, vt meminit Auerroes libro ſecundo de anima, <lb></lb>progredi non ſoleat. </s> <s id="s.000226">Quatuor igitur grauia & leuia corpora <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="14" xlink:href="011/01/034.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>nuncupantur terra, aqua, aer, & ignis: quia tamen duas <lb></lb>motiones ſimplices habent, duasque omnine ſimplices qualita<lb></lb>tes, grauitatem certè & leuitatem, duo eſſe ſimplicia corpora <lb></lb>dicuntur, quæ recto motu cientur: id ex quatuor qualitatum <lb></lb>coniugatione Ariſtoteles probat libro ſecundo de ortu, & in<lb></lb>teritu particula decimaſexta, vigeſimatertia, & trigeſima<lb></lb>quarta; hæc non niſi quatuor modis coniungi poſſunt: calidi<lb></lb>tas, & ſiccitas in igne: caliditas, & humiditas in aere: frigi<lb></lb>ditas, & humiditas in aqua: frigiditas, & ſiccitas in terra: <lb></lb>frigiditas, & caliditas, humiditas, & ſiccitas, quod eſt contra<lb></lb>riorum <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>, ſe vicissim deſtruunt: quam ob rem nec quin<lb></lb>tum, nec ſextum elementum faciunt: ergo quatuor tan<lb></lb>tum ſunt elementa, vt probare polliciti ſumus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000227">Elementa vi, naturaque propria de loco ad lo<lb></lb>cum concitari. </s> <s id="s.000228">Caput VIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000229">QVONIAM <emph type="italics"></emph>veterrimi illi Philoſophi, à quibus vni<lb></lb>uerſa Philoſophia manauit, hanc veritatem minimè <lb></lb>aſſecuti fuerunt, planum hoc loco facere <expan abbr="cõſtitui">conſtitui</expan>: num <lb></lb>omnia ſimplicia elementa naturalem, ac proprium motum ha<lb></lb>beant: nam ſi eumdem non habent; non est cur quæramus, a <lb></lb>quo nam moueantur: ſi verò hæc naturalem motum habere <lb></lb>demonſtratum fuerit; hinc nobis quærendi anſam nactis peri <lb></lb>culum facere licuerit: an particularem, ac proprium elemen<lb></lb>torum motorem inuenire possimus. </s> <s id="s.000230">Eadem itaque naturalia <lb></lb>corpora, qua naturalia ſunt, propria quadam vi de loco ad lo<lb></lb>cum moueri demonstrat Ariſtoteles libro primo de cælo par<lb></lb>ticula quinta: quia natura in eis eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus; id quod <lb></lb>conſtitutum eſt libro ſecundo Phyſicorum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="15" xlink:href="011/01/035.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000231"><emph type="italics"></emph>Huic alteram rationem à motu, & quiete petitam addi<lb></lb>mus; quæ tertio libro de cælo particula duodeuigeſima, & vn<lb></lb>deuigeſima, & deinceps ab Aristotele literis conſignatur, <lb></lb>ea autem est.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000232"><emph type="italics"></emph>Cum omnia naturalia corpora moueri nemo ſit, qui inficias <lb></lb>ire audeat; propterea quod nullum eſſe naturale corpus, quod <lb></lb>non moueatur, tum ſenſibus, vel etiam ipſis comprehendimus, <lb></lb>tum ratione naturæ, quæ in eis eſt principium motus; vt dixi<lb></lb>mus; naturalium corporum motum conſtitutum in diſ quiſitio<lb></lb>nem accerſimus, & quærimus naturalis ne, an violentus ſit <lb></lb>motus, quo moueantur: ſi violentus ſit motus, quo in aliquem <lb></lb>locum contra naturam truduntur, ergo motus naturalis illi <lb></lb>contrarius reperiri neceſſe eſt; nam violentum illud dicitur, <lb></lb>quod contra naturam fit: vt ignis qui contra naturam deor<lb></lb>ſum præceps ruit, motu priori contrario naturaliter in ſubli<lb></lb>me nitetur: ergo in elementis naturalis inest motus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000233"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec non ab ipſamet quiete argumentum facilè petimus; <lb></lb>quo naturalem in corporibus ſimplicibus elementorum ineſſe <lb></lb>motum confirmemus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000234"><emph type="italics"></emph>Si naturalia elementorum corpora in aliquo loco <expan abbr="quieſcũt">quieſcunt</expan>; <lb></lb>quærimus, vtrum ne violentia, an vero natura ibi maneant: <lb></lb>ſi violentia; ergo ad eum locum violentia feruntur, quemadmo<lb></lb>dum in eo loco natura conſiſtunt, ad quem natura tendunt: at <lb></lb>notum eſt ita, vt nulli ſua domus nota magis, terram in medio <lb></lb>natura quieſcere; ergo terram ad medium natura ferri ne<lb></lb>ceſſe eſt, ergo motus naturalis est in elementorum corpore na <lb></lb>turali. </s> <s id="s.000235">Quod ſi violentia in medio terra maneat; ergo aliquid <lb></lb>eſſe neceſſe eſt, quod terram ſurſum euolare prohibeat. </s> <s id="s.000236">Tum <lb></lb>quærimus, an id, quod prohibet, <expan abbr="immotũ">immotun</expan> id muneris abſoluat; <lb></lb>an dum mouetur, atque vtrumque, vel naturaliter, vel violen-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="16" xlink:href="011/01/036.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tia: quapropter vel in infinitum, quod cane peius, & angue <lb></lb>natura odit, progredi opus erit, vel terram in centro natura <lb></lb>quieſcere concedendum; ſi terra in centro natura conſiſtit, er<lb></lb>go ad centrum natura mouetur: quod de terra diximus, de <lb></lb>cæteris omnibus elementis audiri volumus, ergo terræ, & cæ<lb></lb>terorum omnium elementorum motus eſt naturalis, ergo ele<lb></lb>menta vi, naturaque propria de loco ad locum concitantur; <lb></lb>quod probandum ſuſcepimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000237">Contra Empedoclem, qui dixit terram à celeri <lb></lb>cæli conuerſione prohiberi, quo minus <lb></lb>moueatur. </s> <s id="s.000238">Cap. IX.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000239">S<emph type="italics"></emph>ed quoniam noſtram ſententiam ſtabilire minimè vale<lb></lb>mus, niſi prius falſas aliorum opiniones, & ſi non omni ali <lb></lb>qua ſaltem ex parte confutauerimus, nam eaſdem omni <lb></lb>no confutare nostra non intereſſe ſupra diximus; breuibus at<lb></lb>tingendum eſt, & veluti celerrimo quodam curſu per quorum<lb></lb>dam opiniones tranſeundum, ac videndum quid de elemento<lb></lb>rum natura, motu, & quiete crediderint ij, qui Aristotelem <lb></lb>præceſſere Philoſophi: nam in hac re ſicut in cæteris valde diſ <lb></lb>ſentientes fuerunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000240"><emph type="italics"></emph>Empedocli, propterea quod dixit, terram non moueri, eius <lb></lb>demque motum à celerrima cæli conuerſione prohiberi, quo <lb></lb>minus fiat: hæc incommoditas, accidit: quod ſi cælum in <expan abbr="orbẽ">orbem</expan> <lb></lb>celerrimè non conuerteretur, terram eò natura ferri neceſſe <lb></lb>eſſet, quo niſi concitata cæli conuerſio eamdem impediret, ſpon<lb></lb>te proficiſceretur: at locus illæ, quo terra tenderet, per infi<lb></lb>nitum interuallum non diſtat: quia nulli dubium eſt, quin infi<lb></lb>nitum pertranſiri minimè queat: Itaque terram aliquò natu<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="17" xlink:href="011/01/037.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ra peruenire, & postquam eò natura peruenerit, ibi natura <lb></lb>manere neceſſe quidem est: non violentia, quia à celerrima <lb></lb>cæli conuerſione per violentiam impediebatur, quo minus cò <lb></lb>natura moueretur; ergo terra ad aliquem locum natura mo<lb></lb>uetur, ad eum certè, in quo natura quieſcit, & extra quem, <lb></lb>aut violentia truditur, at poſtquam extruſa fuerit, ibi violen<lb></lb>tia manet, dum impeditur, quo minus eò reuertatur, vnde vio<lb></lb><expan abbr="lentiã">lentiam</expan> paſſa fuit extruſa: ergo terra, qua corpus naturale eſt <lb></lb>naturalem, ac proprium motum habet, quo ad proprium <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb></lb>fertur: vnde a celeri cæli <expan abbr="cõuerſione">conuerſione</expan> truditur: ergo hic locus, in <lb></lb>quo nunc terra manet, non est ei naturalis; ſed alter, vnde <lb></lb>trudebatur. </s> <s id="s.000241">at quoniam Empedocleam <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> opinionem infra <lb></lb>capite quadrageſimoprimo vberius diſputabimus; cætera, quæ <lb></lb>hic deſiderantur vſque in eum locum transferuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000242">Democriti, Leucippi, & Epicuri indiuidua elemen<lb></lb>ta non caſu, nec temerè moueri. </s> <s id="s.000243">Cap. X.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000244">ADVERSVS <emph type="italics"></emph>Leucippum, Democritum, & Epicu<lb></lb>rum, quos imitatus est Lucretius, qui dicunt atomos, <lb></lb>& prima illa eorum indiuidua elementa, quæ per ſpa<lb></lb>cium inane infinitum infinito tempore, caſu, ac temerè voli<lb></lb>tant, & alia ab aliis per violentiam impelluntur, poſſet ali<lb></lb>quis fortassis dicere.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000245"><emph type="italics"></emph>Si hæc indiuidua ramenta ſe violentia vicissim impellunt; <lb></lb>quis nam est eorum motus naturalis? </s> <s id="s.000246">nam violentum id dici<lb></lb>tur, quod est contra naturam, vt auctor eſt Aristoteles tum <lb></lb>quinto de generatione animalium capite vltimo: tum quinto <lb></lb>diuinorum particula ſexta: primo etiam cæli, & ſæpenume<lb></lb>ro alibi: ſi naturalem atomorum motum assignauerint, non <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="18" xlink:href="011/01/038.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>violenta, ſed naturali motione, quæ motionem illam violen<lb></lb>tam præcedat, prius <expan abbr="mouebũtur">mouebuntur</expan>; ſin verò naturalem corpuſcu<lb></lb>lorum motum assignare non quiuerint, tunc contra eoſdem <lb></lb>firmiori hæc ratione agemus. </s> <s id="s.000247">Violentum (vt diximus) illud <lb></lb>est, quod contra naturam fit, ſed atomi aliæ ab aliis violen<lb></lb>tia impelluntur; ergo atomi motum aliquem naturalem ha<lb></lb>bent priorem, contra quem violentia impelli dicuntur: nam ſi <lb></lb>violentum id eſt, quod contra naturam fit; naturale prius eſt <lb></lb>violento: ergo tunc, cum naturalis motio violentam atomo<lb></lb>rum impulſionem natura præcedit, indiuidua hæc naturalia <lb></lb>Democriti, Leucippi, Epicuri, & Lucretij elementa natura<lb></lb>lem, ac proprium motum habere neceſſe est: quem eos nulla <lb></lb>ratione nouiſſe constat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000248">Contra Platonem, & Hermetem Triſmegiſtum, <lb></lb>qui chaos illud antiquum finxerunt. </s> <s id="s.000249">C. XI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000250">DIVINVS <emph type="italics"></emph>ille Plato in Timeo, Hexiodus in Theo<lb></lb>gnia, & Orpheus in Argonautica ſcripſerunt, elemen<lb></lb>ta ante <expan abbr="conditũ">conditum</expan> mundum ſine vllo ordine iactata fuiſſe <lb></lb>per medium illud chaos antiquum, quod ter maximus finxe<lb></lb>rat Hermes. </s> <s id="s.000251">Hos vt dicant compellimus: natura ne, an vis il<lb></lb>lum confuſionis motum conciliarit? </s> <s id="s.000252">ſi vim eumdem concilia<lb></lb>uiſſe velint: motionem illam naturalem demonſtrare cogen<lb></lb>tur, quam hac violenta motione priorem eſſe oporteat; ſi vio<lb></lb>lentum illud eſt, quod contra naturam fit, vt non rarò ſcripſi<lb></lb>mus, quam cum demonſtrare non possint; nec motionem po<lb></lb>steriorem, quæ nullibi eſt, demonſtrare poterunt: poſterius <lb></lb>enim ſine priori eſſe natura non patitur, vt dictum est quinto <lb></lb>diuinorum particula duodecima, & decimaſexta. </s> <s id="s.000253">Si motio <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="19" xlink:href="011/01/039.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>hæc eſt naturalis, ergo ordinata ab vno principio, à quo mobi<lb></lb>le moueri incipit, & per vnum medium, per quod mobile fer<lb></lb>tur, & ad vnum terminum, ad quem mobile tendit. </s> <s id="s.000254">Natura <lb></lb>enim non tantum eſt ordinis cauſa, ſed etiam ordinata ab vno <lb></lb>principio, per vnum medium, & ad vnum finem: vt notum eſt <lb></lb>ex his, quæ literis conſignata ſunt libro octauo de Phyſico audi <lb></lb>tu particula decimaquinta, & alibi ſæpe. </s> <s id="s.000255">verum hic ordo est <lb></lb>forma mundi, vt demonſtrat Alexander Aphrodiſienſis li<lb></lb>bro ſecundo quæſtionum naturalium capite decimonono; ergo <lb></lb>dum erat illud chaos antiquum, antequam mundus condere<lb></lb>tur, erat mundus, quia tunc erat forma mundi, quæ dat eſſe <lb></lb>mundo: quod quis non intelligit eſſe maxime abſurdum? </s> <s id="s.000256">imo <lb></lb>huiuſmodi vt riſum moueat: qua dere copioſius agemus infra <lb></lb>capite quadrageſimoquarto.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000257">Aduerſus immobiles partes conſimiles, quas com<lb></lb>mentus eſt Anaxagoras. </s> <s id="s.000258">Cap. XII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000259">ANAXAGORAS <emph type="italics"></emph>mundum genitum finxit ab ini<lb></lb>tio ex corporibus, quæ ſimul erant congregata, & tran<lb></lb>quilla manebant, ac post quietem per motum diſgre<lb></lb>gata fuerunt: vnum quodque enim in vno quoque abditum la<lb></lb>tebat, & <expan abbr="trãquilla">tranquilla</expan> pace fruebatur: deinde quæ abdita in vno <lb></lb>quoque latebant, emerxerunt efficacitate mentis, à quare con<lb></lb>dita elici cæperunt, quemadmodum ex colliſione ferri ab ho<lb></lb>minis manu ex ſilice ignem elidi videmus: dixit etiam Ana<lb></lb>xagoras ab eo, quod in confuſione exuperat, & quod magis <lb></lb>ſpectatur, vnumquodque vocari: vt lignum ideo lignum dici<lb></lb>tur, non quod infinitè omnium rerum partes in ligno non lati<lb></lb>tent, ſed quod ea pars, quæ cæteras vincit, & quæ <expan abbr="ſpectantiũ">ſpectantium </expan><emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="20" xlink:href="011/01/040.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>oculis magis exponitur, est lignum. </s> <s id="s.000260">Vnumquodque ex vno<lb></lb>quoque ſegregari non Anaxagoras modo, ſed & Theophra<lb></lb>stus viſus est aliquando dixiſſe: cum à quibuſdam quorum<lb></lb>dam hominum oculis exeuntes flammas micare ſcripſerit: & <lb></lb>Megetius Atedicus Alexandrinus quondam Simplicio nar<lb></lb>rauit, ſe <expan abbr="hominẽ">hominem</expan> ab iſchiadis dolore curauiſſe, ex cuius iſchio <lb></lb>ignis exiuit, qui <expan abbr="ſpectãtium">ſpectantium</expan> oculos combussit; à ligno quidam <lb></lb>ignem eliciunt: dum alterum lignum tamquam terebrum in <lb></lb>lignum alterum circumuoluunt. </s> <s id="s.000261">Verùm hæc aliam habent <lb></lb>cauſam ab ea, quam (vt alio loco diximus) veram ab Anaxa<lb></lb>gora creditam eſſe longeque diuerſam comperimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000262"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nunc ad Anaxagoram à quo diſcessimus, reuertimur: <lb></lb>contra quem eadem ex quiete argumenta petuntur, quæ alia <lb></lb>ratione ex motu peti poſſe videbantur: Nam ſi quæ in vno<lb></lb>quoque abdita corpora quieſcunt; aut natura, aut violentia <lb></lb>quieſcunt: ſi natura, grauia in centro, & leuia ſub cælo ne<lb></lb>ceſſariò quieſcere debere, non eſt qui dubitet, nec aliò natura <lb></lb>ferri, nec alibi natura manere quidem poſſunt: & ij fines <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb></lb>partes mundi: ergo mundus non dum genitus eſt, priuſquam <lb></lb>gignatur: ſi ante conditum mundum corpora, quæ recondita <lb></lb>latebant, violentia quieſcebant; cum violentum ſit id, quod ab <lb></lb>extrinſeco vim inferente fit: quod extrinſecum nihil id, cuivis <lb></lb>infertur adiuuat; vt ſcriptum reliquit Ariſtoteles tertio libro <lb></lb>Ethicorum capite ſecundo, neceſſe eſt vt ſit locus ex quo corpo<lb></lb>ra violentiam paſſa trudantur: & in quo natura maneant: <lb></lb>antequam trudantur: neceſſe eſt etiam, vt antequam mun<lb></lb>dus generetur, id ſit, quod vim infert, cum ſit id, cui vis infer<lb></lb>tur; verum hæc omnia ſunt partes mundi: ergo mundus non <lb></lb>dum genitus eſt antequam gignatur, quæ ſi ſunt, vt certè ſunt <lb></lb>abſurda, & in iis, quæ fieri minime poſſunt; abſurda, & in iis,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="21" xlink:href="011/01/041.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>quæ fieri non queunt, erit ſententia Anaxagoræ: & ſola A<lb></lb>riſtotelis inexpugnabilis veritas laudibus extollenda: qui dixis <lb></lb>in vnoquoque elemento, immo in vnoquoque corpore naturali <lb></lb>eſſe motum naturalem, quo non violenter, non contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed ſua propria ſponte ea corpora moueantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000263">In Parmenidem vbi de neceſsitate cauſæ mouen<lb></lb>tis, deque idearum vanitate agitur. </s> <s id="s.000264">Cap. XIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000265">PARMENIDES <emph type="italics"></emph>ſuum illud vnum, quod omnia eſſe <lb></lb>constantissimè affirmauit, hoc argumento, nullo motu <lb></lb>cieri poſſe probauit. </s> <s id="s.000266">Omne, quod mouetur (ait) per ſpa<lb></lb>cium innane mouetur: extra quod nihil moueri poteſt: ſed ſpa<lb></lb>cium innane non datur: ergo nihil mouetur: ergo omnia, quæ <lb></lb>ſunt vnum, nullo motu cieri poſſunt. </s> <s id="s.000267">Confirmari valet Par<lb></lb>menidis opinio: quia omne, quod mouetur, ab vno moueri inci<lb></lb>pit, per vnum medium fertur, & ad vnum terminum tendit, <lb></lb>quæ neceſſariò eſſe distincta oportet: inde colligere licet; quod <lb></lb>mobile non eſt idem cum eo, à quo, & ad quod, & per quod fit <lb></lb>motus: ſed hæc quatuor inter ſe maximè differunt: verum <lb></lb>omnia eſſe vnum, quæcumque ſint illa, Parmenides constan<lb></lb>tiſsimè credit: ergo nihil mouetur: His mediis motum ab vni <lb></lb>uerſa natura abstuliſſe Parmenides putat. </s> <s id="s.000268">Sed errat propte<lb></lb>rea quod, non ſemel, ſed ſæpenumero id petit, quod erat in prin<lb></lb>cipio: ſunt enim tamquam axiomata apud Parmenidem per <lb></lb>ſe nota. </s> <s id="s.000269">Nihil eſſe inane, & omne quod mouetur, per ina<lb></lb>ne ſpacium ſolummodo cieri: quæ duo tantum ab eſt, vt ſint <lb></lb>perſe nota, vt demoſtratione indigeant: quo fit, vt ex illis dua<lb></lb>bus propoſitionibus, quarum altera obſcurissima illa quidem <lb></lb>est, altera verò falſissima, non eſſe motum colligere nulla artis <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="22" xlink:href="011/01/042.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ratio doceat: ideo probandum illi fuerat, nihil eſſe inane, & <lb></lb>omne, quod mouetur, per ſpacium inane moueri. </s> <s id="s.000270">Confirma<lb></lb>tionis ea propoſitio, quæ est. </s> <s id="s.000271">Omnia eſſe vnum, demoſtratione <lb></lb>indiget: & inefficax, immo fallax ea demonſtratio est, atque <lb></lb>captioſa: quam Parmenides efficacissimam putat, dum pro<lb></lb>bare nititur, Omnia eſſe vnum: quia, quæ ſunt præter ens, <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb></lb>non ens: quod cum illa tranſcendenti entis vnitate, & multo<lb></lb>rum generum, ſpecierum, atque indiuiduorum multitudo, <lb></lb>quam optimè conſentit: vt aduerſus Parmenidem libro primo <lb></lb>de Phyſico auditu Ariſtoteles efficacissimè <expan abbr="demõstrat">demonstrat</expan>. </s> <s id="s.000272">Hæc <lb></lb>ad materiam: Ad formam, ea omnia, quæ Parmenides per <lb></lb>ſe nota axiomata putat, inficianda ſunt, vt falſa: aut ſaltem <lb></lb>vt non probata, quæ probatione maximè indigent. </s> <s id="s.000273">Quapro<lb></lb>pter nonnullæ Parmenidis propoſitiones vt obſcuræ, vt proba<lb></lb>tione indigentes, vt nulla ratione probatæ ſunt <expan abbr="derelinquẽdæ">derelinquendæ</expan>: <lb></lb>& nonnullæ tamquam falſæ inficiandæ: immo ſi ſpacium ina <lb></lb>ne daretur, quod dari Parmenides ponit, & non dari Ariſto<lb></lb>teles probat libro quarto de Phyſico auditu, multa in eo immo<lb></lb>ta manerent: vt infra demonſtrabimus. </s> <s id="s.000274">In vnoquoque ergo <lb></lb>non tantum elemento, ſed etiam corpore naturali eſt motus na <lb></lb>turalis, cuius principium an possit inueniri periculum facere <lb></lb>volumus: quoniam vt forma, & materia, quam antiqui, & ſi <lb></lb>non omni, aliqua ſaltem ex parte deſcripſerunt, ad perficien<lb></lb>dum motum naturalem non ſufficiunt, opus eſt principio ter<lb></lb>tio mouente; id quod Socrates, aut quale, aut quod ſit, non ſa<lb></lb>tis explicuit: dum in Phædone aliis veteribus confutatis, quod <lb></lb>de cauſa efficiente nihil dixiſſent, res omnes Ideam parti<lb></lb>cipantes, propter ſuam ſpeciem, ac Ideam moueri confir<lb></lb>mauit. </s> <s id="s.000275">Verum cum eadem ſit cauſa, quamobrem quæuis <lb></lb>res ſit, & moueatur, neceſſe eſt, vt omne, quod mouetur, ab<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="23" xlink:href="011/01/043.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>Idea cuius eſt particeps; moueatur: quando à materia nihil <lb></lb>moueri poteſt. </s> <s id="s.000276">Hæc ſi vera ſunt, neceſſe eſt, vt mobilia ſemper, <lb></lb>& continenter moueantur: cum Ideæ ſemper eædem ſint, & <lb></lb>eodem modo affectæ: quia ſunt æternæ, ſemperque illis eo<lb></lb>dem modo ſubiiciuntur ea, quæ ab illis mouentur: nulla ergo <lb></lb>ratio eſt, cur aliquando moueant, aliquando non moueant: <lb></lb>quin etiam in his, quæ oculis cernuntur, præter ſpeciem, atque <lb></lb>Ideam, aliud eſſe principium ſpectatur, quod moueat: vt do<lb></lb>ctus Præceptor non Idea, ſed doctrina, doctos diſcipulos effi<lb></lb>cit: & bonus citharædus, non Idea, ſed arte pulſandi citharam, <lb></lb>bonos citharœdos facit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000277">Redarguuntur illi, qui dicunt materiam eſſe <lb></lb>principium mouendi. </s> <s id="s.000278">Cap. XIIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000279">N<emph type="italics"></emph>on minore ruina cadunt, immo prorſus maiore lapſu <lb></lb>ruunt, qui materiam dicunt, eſſe principium mouen<lb></lb>di: hæc cum bene diſponitur (inquiunt) & qualitati<lb></lb>bus illis informatur, ex quibus motus naſcitur, mobilia mouet. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000280">Sed non rectè ſentiunt, vt diximus; quia nihil idem cauſa ef<lb></lb>ficiens, & materia eiuſdem eſſe poteſt, cum materiæ <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> <lb></lb>ſit pati, ac moueri; mouere autem, & facere ſit alterius facul<lb></lb>tatis: vt ſcriptum reliquit Aristoteles libro ſecundo de ortu, <lb></lb>& interitu particula quinquageſimaſecunda: vt aqua, quæ <lb></lb>à Thalete Mileſio rerum omnium primum principium <expan abbr="quã-quam">quan<lb></lb>quam</expan> ſtatuitur, non tamen ſe gignere, aut quauis ratione ef<lb></lb>ficere quicquam poteſt: ſed opus eſt aquæ efficientem cauſam <lb></lb>adhibere: ſine qua & nihil fiet, & nihil mouebitur, vt etiam <lb></lb>Empedocles qui quatuor elementis materiæ vicem gerenti<lb></lb>bus, concordiam, atque diſcordiam, vt efficientes cauſas addi-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="24" xlink:href="011/01/044.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>dit: Anaxagoras tertio de anima particula quarta ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele laudatus, partibus illis ſuis infinitis, & conſimilium ra<lb></lb>tionum, quæ ſunt cuiusſlibet rei ortus. </s> <s id="s.000281">& interitus materiæ, <lb></lb>Diuinam mentem ab omni materia prorſus immunem, vt ef<lb></lb>ficientem cauſam adhibuit. </s> <s id="s.000282">Democritus, Leucippus, & Epi<lb></lb>curus indiuiduis corpuſculis, quæ ad cuiuſlibet rei ortum, mate<lb></lb>riæ locum tenere crediderant caſum, & fortunam, ſine quo<lb></lb>rum vi mouente non moueantur, addiderunt: ſed quia om<lb></lb>nium Philoſophorum ſententias euoluere longum eſſet: his con<lb></lb>tenti, motum non à materia, ſed ab alia efficiente cauſa gene<lb></lb>rari ſcimus: & eos, qui id negant, hallucinari: & formam bo<lb></lb>nam, immo optimam, atque <expan abbr="diuinã">diuinam</expan>, vt Ariſtoteles primo li<lb></lb>bro Phyſicorum particula octuageſimaprima, & diuinus Pla<lb></lb>to in Timeo memorarunt, præcipuam omnium cauſam, tolle<lb></lb>re, dum in materiam efficiendi, & mouendi vim ponunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000283"><emph type="italics"></emph>Præterea qualitatibus, quæ agendi ſunt inſtrumenta, mo<lb></lb>uendi, & agendi vim primam tradunt: dum affirmant, ma<lb></lb>teriam qualitatibus informatam, atque diſpoſitam, facere, <lb></lb>ac mouere: perinde ac ſi dicerent, ſerram dentatam, à denti<lb></lb>bus ad ſecandum diſpoſitam, ſine ſectore ſecare: & <expan abbr="calamũ">calamum</expan>, <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="ſcribẽdum">ſcribendum</expan> accomodatum, ſine ſcriptore ſcribere: eſt enim <lb></lb>in ſerra ferrum, quod est ſerræ materia, & in calamo ſua est <lb></lb>propria materia: quæ ſic, vel ſic diſpoſita, ſine ſectore non ſe<lb></lb>cat, & ſine ſcriptore non ſcribit: quia inſtrumenta ſine primo, <lb></lb>ac principali immediateque mouente non mouent: qua de re <lb></lb>Democritus libro ſecundo de anima, quod inſtrumento eam <lb></lb>vim agendi aſcripſerit, quæ primo <expan abbr="agẽti">agenti</expan> aſcribenda erat, acer<lb></lb>rimè carpitur. </s> <s id="s.000284">Hunc primum, principem, immediatumque <lb></lb>elementorum motorem, quod non tantum, vt forma, ſed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>, <lb></lb>at efficiens, ac mouens cauſa moueat, in hac diffutatione, an <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="25" xlink:href="011/01/045.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>possit inueniri, periculum facere tentabimus, quia omnia ſim<lb></lb>plicia corpora recto motu mouentur, ad propria loca ferun<lb></lb>tur, vt diximus, tum quia natura eſt in eis principium motus, <lb></lb>tum quia ſi natura non cierentur, ergo violentia, ſed violen<lb></lb>tum eſt contra naturam, ergo corpus, quod violentia mouetur, <lb></lb>natura mouetur: nihil enim violentiam patitur, quin illud na<lb></lb>tura prius concitetur, natura inquam, aut grauitatis, aut <lb></lb>leuitatis: quando omnia, aut grauia ſunt, aut leuia, aut alia <lb></lb>quapiam natura: quæ qualis nam ſit, ſi in orbe inuenitur, in<lb></lb>fra manifeſtabitur: Præterea corpus aut natura, aut violen<lb></lb>tia quieſcit: ſi violentia, ergo natura; quia violentum est <expan abbr="cõ-tra">con<lb></lb>tra</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, & nihil violentia quieſcit, quin illud contra illam <lb></lb>violentiam natura quieſcat: ſi natura quieſcit, & ad illam <lb></lb>quietem natura mouetur, ergo omne corpus naturale, qua na <lb></lb>turale eſt, à natura mouetur: at omnium motuum primus eſt <lb></lb>motus ad locum, ergo omnia corpora naturalia, qua natura<lb></lb>lia ſunt, ad locum à natura mouentur, non à materia, ergo ab <lb></lb>alio principio, quod quale nam ſit, infra vtiliter inuestigabi<lb></lb>mus; ſemper enim, quomodo ſatis ſtudioſis omnibus facere <lb></lb>possimus, nobis propoſitum fuit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000285">Omnia corpora, quæ recto motu mouentur, <lb></lb>eſſe aut grauia, aut leuia. </s> <s id="s.000286">Cap. XV.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000287">OMNIA <emph type="italics"></emph>corpora naturalia naturalem motum habe<lb></lb>re cum Ariſtotele libro primo de cælo <expan abbr="demõſtrauimus">demonſtrauimus</expan>: <lb></lb>quia naturam <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan>, quæ in eis est principium motus. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000288">Nunc ad eam concertationem conuertimur, qua quærimus, <lb></lb>vtrum ne omnia corpora, quæ recto motu aguntur, ſint aut <lb></lb>grauia, aut leuia: an verò corpus naturale detur; quod ſine <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="26" xlink:href="011/01/046.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>grauitate ad centrum feratur, & ſurſum ſine leuitate ad cæ<lb></lb>lum aſcendat. </s> <s id="s.000289">Reſpondeo illud non dari: nam ſi quod corpus <lb></lb>ſine grauitate deſcenderet, non graue, quam graue infinitè ve<lb></lb>locius moueretur; quia nulla eſſet inter vtrumque proportio, <lb></lb>& ſi qua ſit, decupla conſtituatur, ita vt graue velocitate vt <lb></lb>centum moueatur: non graue velocitate vt decem <expan abbr="cõcitetur">concitetur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000290">Graue per medium duplici portione diuidatur; duplo certè mi<lb></lb>nor erit illius velocitas: partes quadraginta ab eo iterum au<lb></lb>ferantur; decem tantum ſuperſunt: ergo graue, & non gra<lb></lb>ue æquali velocitate mouebuntur, quia velocitate vt decem, <lb></lb>vtrumque mouetur; partes quinque à graui iterum abſcin<lb></lb>dantur; ergo non graue duplo velocius, quam graue mouebi<lb></lb>tur: quod notum eſt ex regulis Aristoteleis libro ſeptimo Phy<lb></lb>ſicorum. </s> <s id="s.000291">Sed hæc omnia ſunt falſa, & abſurda. </s> <s id="s.000292">Ergo dicen<lb></lb>dum ſanè eſt non dari corpus, quod ſine grauitate, aut leuita<lb></lb>te recto motu moueatur: ſed quæcumque ſint illa, quæ recto <lb></lb>motu mouentur corpora, omnia, aut grauia, aut leuia eſſe con<lb></lb>cedendum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000293">Veterrimos, qui ante Ariſtotelem fuere Philoſo<lb></lb>phos de motu, & quiete non rectè ſenſiſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000294">Caput XVI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000295">HINC <emph type="italics"></emph>facilè intelligere licet veterrimos, qui ante Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelem vixere Philoſophos, in hac re maximè hallu<lb></lb>cinatos fuiſſe, vt Heraclitus, qui omnia perenni, inceſ<lb></lb>ſanti, indeflexoque labore agitari, numquam autem quieſcere <lb></lb>non eſt veritus affirmare: cum ab Ariſtotele non minus per <lb></lb>quietis, quam per motus principium ab initio libri <expan abbr="ſecũdi">ſecundi</expan> Phy<lb></lb>ſicorum natura definiendo manifeſtetur, & ea quæ ad locum<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="27" xlink:href="011/01/047.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>cientur, in eo loco natura <expan abbr="maneãt">maneant</expan>, ad quem natura feruntur, <lb></lb>& extra quem aut violentiam paſſa truduntur, aut ex alie<lb></lb>na materia generantur, mobileque corpus, quod ad locum ten<lb></lb>dit, ad illum, vt ad finem, in quo ſistatur, natura tendat; eſt <lb></lb>enim motus propter quietem, vt propter finem: quod in his <lb></lb>quæ de cælo ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="demõſtratum">demonſtratum</expan> fuiſſe alibi diximus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000296"><emph type="italics"></emph>Parmenides Meliſſus, ac Zeno peccatum longè grandius <lb></lb>peccauiſſe auctor eſt Ariſtoteles libro primo, & octauo de Phy<lb></lb>ſico auditu: quod omnia ſemper quieſcere, nihil vmquam mo<lb></lb>ueri mordicus tenuerint: quia omnia quieſcere, & eius cau<lb></lb>ſam requirere, prætermiſſo ſenſu, non tantum intellectus im<lb></lb>becillitas, ſed pestilens, lethaliſque mentis morbus ſit quidam: <lb></lb>ſunt enim <expan abbr="nõnulla">nonnulla</expan> certiora, <expan abbr="illuſtrioraq.">illuſtrioraque</expan> <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> vt rationem <expan abbr="vllã">vllam</expan> <lb></lb>expoſtulent: ea quæſunt ſuapte natura notiora, quam vt alicu<lb></lb>ius vel etiam leuissime probationis indigeant, ſtatim non agno <lb></lb>ſcere, ridiculum eſt; præſertim apud illos, qui non de vna qua <lb></lb>piam re particulari, ſed de toto diſſentiant: nec Phyſica tan<lb></lb>tum, ſed omnes etiam ſcientias, facultates, actiones, & ar<lb></lb>tes funditus euertant: propterea quod omnes motum admit<lb></lb>tant, qui ab illis exploditur. </s> <s id="s.000297">Scientiæ quidem, quæ vt libro ter<lb></lb>tio de anima particula trigeſimaoctaua Aristoteles memi<lb></lb>nit, ad tripartitam rerum ſectionem tripartito ſecantur, quia <lb></lb>aliquæ circa formas à materia minimè distractas verſantur, <lb></lb>vt Phyſica: quæ eo quod natura ſit in eis motus principium, <lb></lb>ideo mouentur ex primo libro de cælo particula quinta: non<lb></lb>nullæ in illis formis agnoſcendis exercentur, quæ à materia <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſunt auulſæ, ſine materia tamen conſiderantur, vt Mathema<lb></lb>ticæ; quæ & ipſæ in eo corpore, quod per ſe mouetur, existunt, <lb></lb>tertiæ vero formas omnes ſuo complexu <expan abbr="continẽt">continent</expan>, quæ ſunt ab <lb></lb>omni materia prorſus immunes, vt ſunt mentes Diuinæ: quæ <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="28" xlink:href="011/01/048.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>quoniam nec per ſe, nec per accidens, nec per aliud <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan>, <lb></lb>a motu propterea minime ſoluuntur; cum cæleſtes globos in<lb></lb>ceſſanter moueant; has Diuinas mentes Metaphyſica contem<lb></lb>platur, plures ſcientias his tribus excogitari non poſſe, propte<lb></lb>rea quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in plures partes omnia, quæ vniuerſi ambitu coer<lb></lb>centur, diuidantur, ſcriptum eſt ab Ariſtotele libro ſexto Di <lb></lb>uinorum particula ſecunda: hæ omnes, ſingulæque ſcientiæ <lb></lb>ab illis, qui motum ſustulerunt, tolluntur. </s> <s id="s.000298">Quin etiam artes <lb></lb>omnes corporatis instrumentis vtuntur, quæ inſtrumenta, niſi <lb></lb>motu cieantur, in artem conuenire minime quidem poſſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000299">Adhæc facultates omnes, omneſque diſciplinæ, & artes, quæ <lb></lb>ratione, & intelligentia perficiuntur ex antecedente quadam <lb></lb>principiorum cognitione fiunt, quod ab Aristotele ſcriptum <lb></lb>est libro primo posteriorum analiticorum particula prima; <lb></lb>principiorum autem veritatem ſolo ſenſus iudicio constare <lb></lb>ſcripſit Aristoteles, tum in poſterioribus analiticis, tum in <lb></lb>proœmio libri primi Diuinorum: verum à ſenſibus ad princi<lb></lb>pia prius cognita, & à principiis ad concluſiones loco omnium <lb></lb>postremo cognoſcendas ſine motu non progredimur: ergo qui <lb></lb>motum è medio tollunt, facultates omnes, artes, atque ſcien<lb></lb>tias è medio tollere coguntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000300"><emph type="italics"></emph>Anaxagoræ, & Empedocli, qui omnia quandoque moue<lb></lb>ri & quandoque quieſcere crediderunt, perennis, indefeſſa<lb></lb>que, & nuſquam ceſſans Diuinorum corporum agitatio, & <lb></lb>argumenta, quæ ad motus, & totius mundi æternitatem con<lb></lb>firmandam libro Phyſicorum octauo in principio, & libro pri<lb></lb>mo de cælo in fine ab Aristotele ſcribuntur, tota (vt aiunt) <lb></lb>diametro opponuntur: ad quæ legenda lectores remittimus, <lb></lb>ne ab Ariſtotelis monumentis ad nostra auocare velle videa<lb></lb>mur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="29" xlink:href="011/01/049.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000301"><emph type="italics"></emph>Contra Pithagoram, & alios, qui terram moueri, & cæ<lb></lb>lum quieſcere docuerunt, infra capite tertio ſecundæ partis, <lb></lb>& deinceps (diuino fauente numine) diſceptare conabimur: <lb></lb>contra hos, & alios veterrimæ classis Philoſophos Ariſtote<lb></lb>les diſputator acerrimus acerrimè diſputauit libro octauo Phy<lb></lb>ſicorum à particula vigeſimaprima vſque ad vigeſimamſepti<lb></lb>mam, ab Aristotelis propriis fontibus ea, quæ hic deſideran<lb></lb>tur, haurire vos decet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000302">Quam difficile ſit definire tum graue, tum leue, <lb></lb>& quæ ſit cauſa difficultatis. </s> <s id="s.000303">Cap. XVII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000304">NVMERO <emph type="italics"></emph>autem eorum corporum inuento, quæ ſim<lb></lb>plicia ſunt, & recto motu naturali mouentur, inueſti<lb></lb>ganda diligentius eſt tum grauium, tum leuium defi<lb></lb>nitio; vt intelligatur, quid ſit illud, de quo diſputatur, vtque <lb></lb>demonstrationis principium habeamus; quod nil aliud eſſe, <lb></lb>quam definitionem alibi docuimus: Huius definitionis inuen<lb></lb>tio non ſatis commoda eſt: quippe quod via, & ratio, quam <lb></lb>tenere in ſcientia tradenda, & in quauis re definienda debe<lb></lb>mus, ab illustrioribus, & notioribus nobis rebus ad eas, quæ <lb></lb>natura illuſtriores, clarioreſque ſunt, progredi ſoleat: vt ſcri<lb></lb>pſit Ariſioteles libro primo Phyſicorum particula ſecunda: <lb></lb>at qui nobis clariores illustrioreſque ſunt actiones facultati<lb></lb>bus, vt idem libro ſecundo de anima particula trigeſimater<lb></lb>tia: eam ob rem ab harum facultatum actionibus prius expli<lb></lb>candis ad facultates ipſas posterius contemplandas <expan abbr="progre-diendũ">progre<lb></lb>diendum</expan> foret, id quod nunc fieri nequit; cum harum faculta<lb></lb>tum actionibus à maioribus noſtris non ſint impoſita nomina, <lb></lb>niſi fortè quis leuitatis, & grauitatis actionem eſſe exiſtimet<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="30" xlink:href="011/01/050.jpg"></pb><foreign lang="grc">ρὀπην</foreign> <emph type="italics"></emph>id eſt momentum, inclinationem, <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan>, ſiue nutum; quo <lb></lb>efficitur, vt grauia, & leuia corpora ſuſque, deque conciten<lb></lb>tur: quod quamquam abſurdum omnino non eſt, nobis tamen <lb></lb>ad has definitiones inueniendas vel parum quidem proderit; <lb></lb>ideo hoc momentum, <expan abbr="inclinationẽ">inclinationem</expan>, pondus, ſiue nutum pruden<lb></lb>tes præterimus, & ad alia, quæ hanc noſtram cauſam magis <lb></lb>iuuent omissis ambagibus properamus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000305">Quomodo graue, & leue Plato definierit, & quo<lb></lb>modo corpora ex figuris componi debere <lb></lb>voluerit. </s> <s id="s.000306">Cap. XVIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000307">DIVINVS <emph type="italics"></emph>Plato in Timæo graue illud eſſe cenſuit, <lb></lb>quod ægrè à ſuo loco mouetur, ſiue quod cum pluribus <lb></lb>partibus eiuſdem generis, ſiue triangulis compluribus <lb></lb>conſtet, difficile distrahitur: vt terra craſſa cum ſit, ex loco <lb></lb>ad locum non niſi magno cum labore mouetur, & propter <lb></lb>eamdem cauſam propria ſponte quieſcit. </s> <s id="s.000308">Contra verò le<lb></lb>ue id est, quod paucis ex partibus eiuſdem generis, ſeu trian<lb></lb>gulis coaugmentatur, vt ignis, & aer tenues exiſtunt, ideo<lb></lb>que minimo negocio mouentur, & huc, atque illuc facilè <lb></lb>pelluntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000309"><emph type="italics"></emph>Præterea Plato ſtatuit aerem, ignem, & <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> ex eiſdem <lb></lb>partibus, ſeu triangulis constare, & inter ſe grauitate tan<lb></lb>tum, & multitudine differe: quò fit, vt vnum illorum ſit le<lb></lb>uius, alterum grauius: prout ex pluribus, aut ex paucioribus <lb></lb>partibus, ſeu triangulis conflatur: Nec enim Plato diuinus <lb></lb>putat ex locorum interuallis, vt Ariſtoteles haſce grauium, <lb></lb>& leuium definitiones eſſe petendas, cum nihilin cælo verè ſu<lb></lb>perum, nihil ibi verè inferum à Platone eſſe credatur, ſed <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="31" xlink:href="011/01/051.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tantum relatione quadam, quod cælum rotundum ſit, & in <lb></lb>abſoluti orbis ſpeciem ita efformatum, vt nihil inueniri possit <lb></lb>aut rotundius, aut æque rotundum, & propterea nullam con<lb></lb>trariam partium poſitionem habeat: ideo hæc locorum inter<lb></lb>ualla, & haſce locorum rationes ſat non eſſe cenſuit, ad gra<lb></lb>uium, & leuium definitiones constituendas; idipſum Platoni <lb></lb>adſcripſit Alcinous in libro, cui titulus eſt de dogmate Plato<lb></lb>nis capite vigeſimo: leuia ergo Plato affirmauit, quæ (vt ipſe <lb></lb>loquitur) ex paucioribus triangulis <expan abbr="cõponuntur">componuntur</expan>; grauia, quæ <lb></lb>quaſi pluribus ex triangulis fiunt, perinde ac ſi per partes <lb></lb>eiuſdem generis, triangulos intelligat, nullum enim corpus, <lb></lb>apud Platonem in Timæo inuenitur, quin illud ex figuris <lb></lb>concretum ſit. </s> <s id="s.000310">Hinc Plato ſequi putat prima corpora ex pri<lb></lb>mis figuris eſſe concreta, ſed prima omnium figurarum est <lb></lb>circularis, quæ rotundo cælo, quod ad volubilitatem rotun<lb></lb>datum est, à natura tribuitur; de quo nobis est alio loco di<lb></lb>ſputatum. </s> <s id="s.000311">Secunda figura est plana; & inter planas, pri<lb></lb>ma est triangula, quæ primis illis corporibus adſcribitur; quæ <lb></lb>recto motu cientur: nec omnes trianguli ſunt eodem loco <lb></lb>habendi, cum illi ſint natura priores, qui rectum angu<lb></lb>lum habent, vt ſunt lſoſcheles, & Scalenus; at rectus <lb></lb>angulus natura præcedit acutum, atque obtuſum: rectus <lb></lb>etiam vnius naturam optimè redolet, cum nulla ratione va<lb></lb>riari queat: acutus autem, & obtuſus multis modis va<lb></lb>rientur; propter has omnes cauſas lſoſchelem, & Scale<lb></lb>num Plato elegit, vt ex illis, quas planas primas figu<lb></lb>ras cenſuit, prima elementorum corpora componeret, mo<lb></lb>do Platonis, & non Timæi Pythagorici ſit illa ſententia, <lb></lb>quæ in Timæo ſcribitur, & ex libro de vniuerſitate Ti<lb></lb>mæi ad verbum transfertur: cuiuſcumque tamen ſit: feren-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="32" xlink:href="011/01/052.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>da non est; ſed confutanda, quod Ariſtoteles tanta cum ef<lb></lb>ficacia fecit libro tertio de cælo, & <expan abbr="mũdo">mundo</expan>, vt nullus nunc nobis <lb></lb>confutandi locus ſupereſſe videatur: ſed vt nihil intactum de<lb></lb>relinquamus, vniuerſum hoc negocium paucis abſoluemus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000312">Definitio, qua graue, & leue à Platone definitur, <lb></lb>exploditur, & corpora nec ex figuris, vt Plato, <lb></lb>nec ex numeris vt Pythagoras augmentari <lb></lb>poſſe demonſtratur. </s> <s id="s.000313">Cap. XIX.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000314">PRIMO <emph type="italics"></emph>reprehendendus eſt Plato, ſeu Pythagoras po<lb></lb>tius; qui ex planis figuris corpora conſtituunt: hi corpo<lb></lb>rum natura conſtantium non naturalia, vt par erat, ſed <lb></lb>Mathematica principia <expan abbr="faciũt">faciunt</expan>, quod minimè fieri debuerat: <lb></lb>corpora enim naturalia ſunt ſubſtantiæ, & figuræ, ex quibus <lb></lb>eadem componi Plato voluit, ſunt alterius cathegoriæ; qua<lb></lb>propter principia, & principiorum effecta ad eamdem cathe<lb></lb>goriam non pertinent; quod minimè decet, vt ab Ariſtotele co<lb></lb>piosè demonstratur libro duodecimo Diuinorum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000315"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo Plato, ſeu Pythagoras Mathematicorum principiis <lb></lb>aduerſatur: <expan abbr="nã">nan</expan> geometræ <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> ex punctis probant non eſſe <expan abbr="cõſtitutam">con<lb></lb>ſtitutam</expan>, propterea quod linea in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> diuidatur; & <expan abbr="lineã">lineam</expan> in <lb></lb>infinitum diuidi eſt in geometria principium ſuapte natura no <lb></lb><expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan>, quod à geometra nullo modo probatur, ſed vt verissimum, <lb></lb>ac notissimum ponitur: eadem ratione ſuperficies ex lineis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>componitur, cum ſuperficiei diuiſio numquam finiatur: ergo et <lb></lb>corpora ex ſuperficiebus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> generantur, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> corpora pari ratio <lb></lb>ne ſemper diuidantur: quapropter omnino ſequitur, corpora <lb></lb>non conſtare ex planis figuris, quæ ſunt in ſuperficie; & corpo<lb></lb>rum magnitudinem circumuoluunt; quoniam corpora infini-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="33" xlink:href="011/01/053.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tè ſecari poſſunt, ſicut apud eoſdem mathematicos ſequitur, <lb></lb>ſuperficiem non confici ex lineis, & lineas non fieri ex punctis, <lb></lb>quia ſuperficies in ſemper diuidua diuidatur; & linearum ſit <lb></lb>ſemper natura diuidua.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000316"><emph type="italics"></emph>Tertio argumentor, & priuſquam argumentum in for<lb></lb>mam redigatur, vnum ponitur; illud est. </s> <s id="s.000317">Elementa ſunt duo<lb></lb>rum generum; alterum est eorum, quæ compoſitionis elemen<lb></lb>ta vocantur; alterum mixtionis: priora elementa, dum in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>coheunt, cumulum faciunt; nihil enim est in eis inter ſe cohe<lb></lb>rens, ſed omnia deinceps diſpoſita, & collocata ſunt; vt acies <lb></lb>inſtruitur, illud eſt vnum per accidens, vt eſt frugum, & la<lb></lb>pidum congeries, in quibus nihil eſt per ſe coagmentatum, hæc <lb></lb>dum ex his aliquod vnum fit, propriam naturam ſeruant in<lb></lb>tegram: poſteriora mixtionis elementa ſunt, vt corpus quod<lb></lb>dam multis ex partibus optima arte confectum; hæc, dum ex <lb></lb>his aliquid fit, in tenuissimas partes comminuuntur; & pro<lb></lb>priam naturam integram non ſeruant, ſed vicissim miſcen<lb></lb>tur, ita vt per ſe totum gignatur: quod an ſit idem cum ſuis <lb></lb>partibus, aut inuicem iunctis, aut ab inuicem deiunctis, an ve<lb></lb>rò diuerſum ab illis, diſputatum est alibi, his constitutis argu<lb></lb>mentor.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000318"><emph type="italics"></emph>Principia, quæ dum ex eis concretum gignitur, non alte<lb></lb>rantur, ſed in concreto integram naturam ſeruant, ſunt prin<lb></lb>cipia compoſitionis, & non mixtionis, ex quibus fit vnum per <lb></lb>accidens, & non per ſe; ſed figuræ, dum ex eis aliquid fit, non <lb></lb>alterantur, verum in concreto <expan abbr="integrã">integram</expan> naturam ſeruant; er<lb></lb>go figuræ ſunt principia compoſitionis, & non mixtionis; ex <lb></lb>quibus fit vnum per accidens, & non per ſe: at nos natura<lb></lb>lium corporum per ſe principia quærimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000319"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quarto argumentor, & prius quam argumentum eriga-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="34" xlink:href="011/01/054.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tur, vnum vt ſupra, ponitur & illud eſt: elementa compoſi<lb></lb>tionis ab elementis mixtionis hoc differunt; priora id quod ha<lb></lb>bent, in compoſitum ferunt: illudque eidem tribuunt; at eo <lb></lb>quod non habent, compoſitum donare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſunt, vt mel, quod <lb></lb>eſt dulce id romelli dulcedinem, quam ſecum affert, communi<lb></lb>cat, amaritudinem ei communicare non valet, quoniam mel <lb></lb>amarum non eſt: poſteriora mixtionis elementa, ſi in mixto <lb></lb>actu conſeruantur, vt eadem actu conſeruart alibi demonſtra<lb></lb>tum eſt, non integra, ſed in partes tenuissimas comminuta <lb></lb>concretum faciunt, quod naturam ſapit ab elementorum na<lb></lb>tura longè diuerſam, id eſt verius, ſinon ſubſtantiæ ſed elemen<lb></lb>torum vires in mixto ſuperſint: videmus enim ſecundas in quo <lb></lb>libet mixto qualitates ex primis elementorum qualitatibus, <lb></lb>quarum nullam in ſimplicibus elementis videre licet: quibus <lb></lb>declaratis argumentum est erigendum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000320"><emph type="italics"></emph>Triangulæ figuræ, ex quibus grauia, & leuia elementa <lb></lb>componi rebantur, nec graues ſunt, nec leues; ergo nec elemen<lb></lb>ta ſimplicia, aut grauia aut leuia erunt: ex natur á elemento<lb></lb>rum compoſitionis conſequentia probatur; compoſitionis enim <lb></lb>elementa, quod non habent compoſito non communicant: ergo <lb></lb>dum graue, & leue ex non grauibus, & non leuibus factum <lb></lb>definire conantur, id definiendum accipiunt, quod graue, & <lb></lb>leue non eſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000321"><emph type="italics"></emph>Confirmatur, elementa ſunt grauia, & leuia & ex primis <lb></lb>planis figuris triangulis conflata; ergo primæ triangulæ pla<lb></lb>næ figuræ ſunt graues, & leues, quod est non minus falſum, <lb></lb>quam abſurdum: ergo dum elementa grauia, & leuia ex fi<lb></lb>guris nec grauibus, nec leuibus gignunt, id graue, & leue af<lb></lb>firmare coguntur, quod à grauis, & leuis natura maximè di<lb></lb>ſtat, vt ſunt figuræ, & totum ex figuris conflatum, eſt aut <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="35" xlink:href="011/01/055.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>graue, aut leue: ergo figuræ erunt graues, & leues: quorum <lb></lb>vtrumque eſt falſum, & abſurdum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000322"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hoc idem incommodum eos etiam ſequitur, qui non <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb>elementa, ſed & vniuerſum mundum ex vnitatibus, ſeu nume <lb></lb>ris concretum eſſe opinantur, vt ſunt Pythagorei: nam cor<lb></lb>pus omne aut grauitatem, aut leuitatem habet; vnitates au<lb></lb>tem, quæ numerorum ſunt elementa, ex quibus corpora con<lb></lb>ſtant, nec grauitatem, nec leuitatem ex ſe habere, neque ſi <expan abbr="cõ-ponãtur">con<lb></lb>ponantur</expan>, vllum ex ſe corpus coniunctæ facere poſſunt, niſi cor<lb></lb>pus ex non corpore, & niſi graue, & leue ex non graui, & ex <lb></lb>non leui, & niſi ſubstantia ex accidentibus fiat: & ſi graue, <lb></lb>& leue corpus ex numeris, ſeu numerorum vnitatibus genere<lb></lb>tur, numeros etiam ipſos, & eorumdem vnitates & graues, <lb></lb>& leues eſſe oportet, quod ſi vnitates, & numeri nec graues <lb></lb>ſunt, nec leues, ergo nec corpora, quæ ex illis fiunt, aut grauia, <lb></lb>aut leuia erunt: quæ omnia & falſa, & abſurda eſſe ex his, <lb></lb>quæ paullo ante memorauimus, liquido conſtat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000323">Cauſa redditur, quamobrem nec Anaximander, <lb></lb>nec Anaximenes, nec Democritus, nec Leucip<lb></lb>pus, nec Epicurus ſint confutandi, in<lb></lb>terea tamen breuiſsimè confu<lb></lb>tantur. </s> <s id="s.000324">Cap. XX.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000325">ANAXIMANDER, <emph type="italics"></emph>Anaximenes, Democritus, <lb></lb>Leucippus, Epicurus, & cæteri Philoſophi, qui <expan abbr="mũdum">mundum</expan> <lb></lb>licet ratione diuerſa, nullis <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> finibus circumſeptum, <lb></lb>ſed illud immenſum, & infinitum eſſe rebantur, in eamdem <lb></lb>ſententiam, in quam & posterior Plato venerat, & ipſi prio<lb></lb>res pedibus ire cogebantur; cum in eo, quod infinitum existit,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="36" xlink:href="011/01/056.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>extremi fines deſiderentur, ſine quibus non eſt locus ſuperior, <lb></lb>ad quem leuia corpora ſubuolent; nec eſt vllus inferior locus, <lb></lb>ad quem corpora grauia tendant; ideo ex locorum interuallis <lb></lb>grauium, & <expan abbr="leuiũ">leuium</expan> naturæ definiri non poſſunt: ſed ad atomos, <lb></lb>ad figuras, ad ſolidum, & inane, vel ad aliud eiuſdem generis <lb></lb>figmentum confugere coguntur: immo ſi locus distinctus non <lb></lb>fuerit, qui in ſpacio infinito diſtinctus eſſe nequit, neque quic<lb></lb>quam graue, aut leue dicetur, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> graue id ſit, quod ad inferio<lb></lb>rem locum deſcendit; leue autem quod ad ſuperiorem plagam <lb></lb>natura mouetur; vt infra demonſtrabitur: in eo ergo infinito <lb></lb>ſpacio, in quo ſuperior, & inferior locus distinctus non est, ni<lb></lb>hil graue, nihilque poterit eſſe leue.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000326">Democriti, Leucippi, & Epicuri particularia dicta <lb></lb>de grauibus, & leuibus atomis explodun<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s id="s.000327">Caput XXI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000328">DEMOCRITI, <emph type="italics"></emph>& cæterorum, qui ab illius parte ste<lb></lb>terunt, ſententia est, <expan abbr="Mundũ">Mundum</expan> ex atomis constare; quæ <lb></lb>ſunt omnes graues, eiuſdem materiæ, <expan abbr="eiuſdemq.">eiuſdemque</expan> natu<lb></lb>ræ, ac ſola figura differunt, quæ eſt accidens: nam aliæ atomi <lb></lb>ſunt triangulæ, aliæ quadrangulæ, & ſic deinceps; ſubstantia <lb></lb>vna omnium <expan abbr="atomorũ">atomorum</expan> eſt, dicunt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> inane inter atomos illas <lb></lb>interceptum, eaſdem diſterminare; vt auri, argenti, cupri, fer<lb></lb>ri, & <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> aliarum ramenta in varias figuras diſtributa, eam <lb></lb>dem naturam habent; ſolis figuris diuerſa ſunt, ſolo ſpacio ina <lb></lb>ni aliæ ab aliis diſtant: hæc est eorum ſententia, contra quam <lb></lb>argumentor,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000329"><emph type="italics"></emph>Vna est <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> atomorum natura, ergo vnus eſt motus prin<lb></lb>cipium; <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> per motus principium ab Ariſtotele natura de<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="37" xlink:href="011/01/057.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>finitur tum libro <expan abbr="ſecũdo">ſecundo</expan> <expan abbr="Phyſicorũ">Phyſicorum</expan>, tum libro quinto <expan abbr="diuinorũ">diuinorum</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000330">Vnum eſt omnium <expan abbr="atomorũ">atomorum</expan> motus principium, ergo vnus om<lb></lb>nium motus: aliquæ atomi ſunt graues, ergo omnes ſunt gra<lb></lb>ues, ergo omnes <expan abbr="deorsũ">deorsum</expan> feruntur; ergo nullæ ſurſum <expan abbr="aſcendũt">aſcendunt</expan>, <lb></lb>ergo vna eſt <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> grauitas, ergo nulla eſt earumdem leuitas, <lb></lb>ergo omnes atomi vno motu ad mundi <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> deſcendunt, ergo <lb></lb>& cætera omnia, quæ ex atomis conflantur, erunt grauia: <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb></lb>quod ex grauibus coaugmentatur, non poteſt non eſſe graue, <lb></lb>ergo totus <expan abbr="mũdus">mundus</expan> ex grauibus atomis genitus, & ſingulæ totius <lb></lb>mundi partes ex grauibus atomis natæ, ſunt graues, ergo om<lb></lb>nia deſcendunt, ergo nihil aſcendit, quæ ſenſui manifeſtè repu<lb></lb>gnant: cum plurima leuia ſuopte nixu ſurſum ferri videamus; <lb></lb>ergo falſa eorum eſt opinio, ſenſuique contraria, quod validio<lb></lb>ribus, vt patet, argumentis ſuſcepimus demonstrandum. </s> <s id="s.000331">Con<lb></lb>firmatur ſi ſunt omnia grauia: omnia enim ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> natura <lb></lb>deſcendunt, omniaque in centro natura quieſcunt, ergo extra <lb></lb>centrum natura nihil est, & nihil extra centrum natura, aut <lb></lb>mouetur, aut quieſcit, ſed quæcumque extra centrum aut mo<lb></lb>ueri, aut manere <expan abbr="inueniũtur">inueniuntur</expan>; omnia non natura, ſed violentia, <lb></lb><expan abbr="mouebũtur">mouebuntur</expan>; corpus enim, quod in aliquo loco violentia quieſcit, <lb></lb>ad illum <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> violentia mouetur; & reciprocantur hæc, ita vt <lb></lb>omne corpus, quod ad aliquem locum violentia mouetur, in eo <lb></lb>dem loco violentia quieſcat, ſicut quod natura ad aliquem <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb></lb>fertur, natura in eo loco manet; & quod alicubi natura stat <lb></lb>immotum, eò natura tendat, quæ Democritus, Leucippus, & <lb></lb>Epicurus, ac cæteri, qui eorumdem figmenta ſectantur, mini<lb></lb>mè nouiſſe videntur. </s> <s id="s.000332">Verum, vt ſemet ipſos ab his anguſtiis <lb></lb>explicent, dicere auſi ſunt quaſdam atomos eſſe grauiores, & <lb></lb>quaſdam minus graues, & ex grauioribus atomis grauio<lb></lb>ra corpora, & ex leuioribus leuiora componi, & quæ magis <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="38" xlink:href="011/01/058.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>grauia ſunt, deorſum agitari, quæ <expan abbr="auiẽ">auiem</expan> minus ſurſum euolare. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000333">At ſi <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <expan abbr="contrariorũ">contrariorum</expan> eſt in natura, neceſſariò erit & <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan>; <lb></lb>ſi alterum non inuenitur, quid mirum nec ſi alterum inuenie<lb></lb>tur, vt auctor eſt Aristoteles libro ſecundo de cælo particula <lb></lb>duodeuigeſima: idque eſt naturæ maximè conſentaneum, quæ <lb></lb>contrariam repugnantiam in vno ſolo non patitur, ſed in duo<lb></lb>bus eamdem inueniri neceſſe eſt: atqui (vt isti volunt) in na<lb></lb>tura est graue corpus, ergo in natura est etiam corpus leue, <lb></lb>quod est graui contrarium: quod ſi leue non ponant; ergo nec <lb></lb>graue quidem ponere poterunt; quod tamen ponunt. </s> <s id="s.000334">Hinc <lb></lb>etiam ſequitur, quatuor elementa non eſſe prima corpora: <lb></lb>quando ex atomis, quæ & ipſa ſunt corpora indiuidua, ele<lb></lb>mentis tamen priora, conflantur: ergo hæc ramenta indiui<lb></lb>dua erunt prima, & non quatuor, quæ prima elementa vo<lb></lb>cantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000335"><emph type="italics"></emph>Democritus, & cæteri, qui in Democriti ſententiam iura<lb></lb>uerunt, ramenta à ramentis disterminant ſolius vacui inter<lb></lb>uentu, & inane ſpacium inter illa interiectum, non ſolum di<lb></lb>ſterminare atomos, & eaſdem ab inuicem ſeparare <expan abbr="affirmãt">affirmant</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed etiam grauitatem, & leuitatem efficere, ita vt illud cor<lb></lb>pus, in quo maius inane ſpacium intercipitur, ſit leuius; illud <lb></lb>verò grauius, in quo minus est ſpacij, quod ſit vacuum: quibus <lb></lb>occurri ſic potest. </s> <s id="s.000336">Primo propterea quod ex pleno, & vacuo <lb></lb>omnia corpora à Democrito, & ſequacibus conflari dicuntur: <lb></lb>cauſa, quæ corpora componit, non ſolum eſt inane ſpacium, ſed <lb></lb>vnà cum illo ſolidum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> concurrit: ergo & ſolidum grauita<lb></lb>tis, & leuitatis eſt cauſa; ita vt id corpus, in quo minus est ina<lb></lb>nis, quam ſolidi, & in quo plus est ſolidi, quam inanis, ſit pon<lb></lb>deroſius: & id corpus, in quo plus eſt inanis, quam ſolidi, & mi <lb></lb>nus ſolidi, <expan abbr="quãinanis">quam inanis</expan>, ſit leuius. </s> <s id="s.000337"><expan abbr="Secũdo">Secundo</expan> maiorem aeris portio-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="39" xlink:href="011/01/059.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>nem aquæ minori parte <expan abbr="grauiorẽ">grauiorem</expan> eſſe contingit; & <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> maio<lb></lb><expan abbr="rẽ">rem</expan> aquæ <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> minori parte aeris accidet eſſe <expan abbr="leuiorẽ">leuiorem</expan>, ſi in ma<lb></lb>iori aeris parte plus erit ſolidi, & minus erit inanis; & in ma<lb></lb>iori aquæ parte minus erit ſolidi, & plus inanis. </s> <s id="s.000338">Accidet <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>aurum multum paruo igne leuius eſſe, ſi multum illud <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan>, <lb></lb>quod acceperis, paruo igne maius habet inane: quod accidere <lb></lb>poſſe nemo inficias ibit. </s> <s id="s.000339">Hæc ſi penitus falſa, abſurda, & ri<lb></lb>dicula ſunt; exiſtimandum non est, ſoliditate, atque inanitate <lb></lb>tantum inter ſe grauia, & leuia corpora distingui, vt ratus <lb></lb>est Democritus: ſed eſt alia grauitatis, & leuitatis cauſa in<lb></lb>uenienda, propter quam grauia, & leuia differant, ac mo<lb></lb>ueantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000340">Empedoclem nullam grauitatis, ac leuitatis na<lb></lb>turam cognouiſſe. </s> <s id="s.000341">Cap. XXII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000342">S<emph type="italics"></emph>cio ego quam difficile factu ſit, antiquorum quaſdam <lb></lb>opiniones aliquorum mentibus adeo infixas, vt vix certiſ<lb></lb>ſimis rationibus præmonſtratis penitus euelli possint; Sed <lb></lb>mihi, cui ſemper studium fuit, plus veritati, quam auctorita<lb></lb>ti tribuere (vtinam ſic multi facerent, qui in pluribus hallu<lb></lb>cinantur, dum ingenij dexteritatem profitentur) libet hoc lo<lb></lb>co meam ſententiam in medium afferre, vt noſcant omnes Em<lb></lb>pedoclem grauitatis, & leuitatis naturam ignorauiſſe. </s> <s id="s.000343">Hic <lb></lb>enim non ex materia aliqua <expan abbr="cõmutat">commutat</expan> a generationem in hunc <lb></lb>mundum introduxit; ſed tamquam ex abditis quibuſdam re<lb></lb>cessibus illarum rerum, quæ graues ſunt, & leues generatio<lb></lb>nem promere tentauit. </s> <s id="s.000344">Dixerat enim cum aer ex aqua gi<lb></lb>gnitur, aer prius aquæ permixtus ab aqua per rarefactionem <lb></lb>ſegregatur; & <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> aqua ex aere vicissim naſcitur, ab aere per <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="40" xlink:href="011/01/060.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>condenſationem aqua ſeparatur; & corpus aut grauius, aut <lb></lb>leuius fit; vt est aut rarius, aut denſius: compressione enim res <lb></lb>fiunt grauiores, & extenſione, ac rarefactione leuiores. </s> <s id="s.000345">Huius <lb></lb>opinionem hæc inter alia ſequuntur abſurda, vna quæque ma<lb></lb>gnitudo tam & ſi comprimatur, nullo modo fit grauior, vt <expan abbr="cõ-preſſa">con<lb></lb>preſſa</expan> bombix, & lana nihilo grauior eſt, quam ſi extenſa ſit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000346"><emph type="italics"></emph>De ortu, & interitu eorum omnium, quæ ſunt ſub luna, de <lb></lb>que mutua elementorum commutatione, cum vnumquodque <lb></lb><expan abbr="elemẽtum">elementum</expan> in vnumquodque elementum immediatè <expan abbr="vicissimq.">vicissimque</expan> <lb></lb>commeat, quæ ab Empedocle omnino <expan abbr="euertũtur">euertuntur</expan>, nihil eſt quod <lb></lb>hoc loco agamus: quoniam hæc huius nostræ diſputationis <lb></lb>extremos fines tranſgrediuntur: ideo his contenti ad alia pro<lb></lb>gredimur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000347">Quomodo Ariſtoteles grauia, & leuia definierit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000348">Caput XXIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000349">ARISTOTELES <emph type="italics"></emph>ratus cælum eſſe ſui vndique ſimi<lb></lb>le, & in orbis abſoluti ſpeciem efformatum; propterea <lb></lb>mundum habere extremum, & medium; cæli extre<lb></lb>mitatem ſurſum eſſe cenſuit, quæ ſitu etiam ſuperiorem <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb></lb>obtinet; medium autem mundi dorſum eſſe voluit, quod infe<lb></lb>riorem orbis plagam occupat, ideo leue ſimpliciter, & non in <lb></lb>comparatione ad alterum id eſſe credidit, quod ad cæli extre<lb></lb>mitatem, hoc est ſurſum naturaliter euolat, quò postquam <lb></lb>peruenerit, illico quieſcit, vt ignis: quod autem ſuopte nixu <lb></lb>deorſum, & ad mundi medium ſemper inclinat, ad quod poſt <lb></lb>quam deſcenderit, stat immotum id, per ſe, & omnino graue <lb></lb>appellare voluit: elementa media, quæ ſuperſunt, aer, & aqua, <lb></lb>de Ariſtotelis ſententia abſolutè grauia, & omnino leuia non <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="41" xlink:href="011/01/061.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſunt, ſed ad ſuperiora elementa comparata grauia dicuntur, <lb></lb>ad inferior a leuia cenſentur. </s> <s id="s.000350">Has grauium, & leuium defini<lb></lb>tiones Ariſtoteles edidit tum primo cæli, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> quarto eiuſdem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000351">Platonis, & cæterorum error in definitione gra<lb></lb>uium, & leuium ab Ariſtotele demon<lb></lb>ſtratur. </s> <s id="s.000352">Cap. XXIIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000353">I<emph type="italics"></emph>n his definitionibus Ariſtoteles Platonem, & cæteros <lb></lb>hallucinatos eſſe putauit: quia, cum ad huius rei tractatio<lb></lb>nem acceſſerunt, quid abſolutè graue, & quid abſolutè le<lb></lb>ue ſit, prorſus non expreſſerunt; ſed de grauitate, & leuitate <lb></lb>ita verba fecerunt, vt, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> duo propoſita corpora fuerint, quo<lb></lb>rum vtrumque grauitatem habuerit, ſed maiorem alterum, <lb></lb>& alterum minorem, vtrum eorum aut grauius, aut leuius <lb></lb>eſſet exquirerent, & nullam corporis, aut omnino grauis, <lb></lb>aut vndique leuis mentionem fecerint: quippe qui omnia cor<lb></lb>pora, quæ ſub cælo exiſtunt, grauia tantum eſſe crediderint, <lb></lb>quorum tamen nonnulla grauiora, nonnulla verò leuiora, vel <lb></lb>minus leuia eſſe voluerint: & quæ minus grauia forent, leuia <lb></lb>nuncupauerint non abſolutè, ſed ad alia comparata, vt <expan abbr="ferrũ">ferrum</expan> <lb></lb>ligno grauius dici ſolet, lignum ferro leuius: cum tamen natu<lb></lb>ra leue non ſit lignum, ſed ponderoſum vt ferrum, ideo vtrum <lb></lb>que graue, & propriis ponderibus libratum deorſum ſuopte <lb></lb>nixu fertur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000354"><emph type="italics"></emph>Videmus tamen ignem ſemper eſſe leuem, inque ſuperio<lb></lb>rem totius <expan abbr="mũdi">mundi</expan> oram ſemper aſcendere: terram ſemper eſſe <lb></lb>ponderoſam, & in locum inferiorem numquam non deſcen<lb></lb>dere; quod hæc abſolutè grauia, & omnino leuia ſint, & non <lb></lb>in comparatione ad alterum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="42" xlink:href="011/01/062.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000355"><emph type="italics"></emph>Eam ob rem ſi quis quærat, cur ignis ad ſuperum locum <lb></lb>perpetuò ſubuolet, non id propter partium eiuſdem generis <lb></lb>paucitatem accidere dicet, vt Plato affirmauit; nam ſi id <lb></lb>verum eſſet, ſequeretur, vt ignis quantò maior eſſet, tantò tar<lb></lb>dius aſcenderet, quia grauior eſſet; propterea quod ex pluri<lb></lb>bus conſtaret partibus eiuſdem generis; quod apertissimè fal<lb></lb>ſum eſſe videmus, cum potius contrarium ſemper accidat. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000356">Quanto etenim maior ignis eſt, tanto ſolet etiam eſſe celerior, <lb></lb>& maiore nixu ſurſum ferri; contraque minor ignis longè fa<lb></lb>cilius deorſum truditur, quam magnus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000357"><emph type="italics"></emph>Præterea, cum it a statuat Plato; id quod pauciores habet <lb></lb>eiuſdem naturæ partes, ſeu triangulos, leuius eſſe; quod autem <lb></lb>plures, ponderoſius: deinde ignem, aerem, & <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> ex eiſdem <lb></lb>fermè triangulis coaugmentari dicat, paucitate dumtaxat, <lb></lb>& multitudine ſola differentibus, vnde accidat, vt hæc gra<lb></lb>uiora, & leuiora ſint illa, nulli dubium eſt, quin aeris quædam <lb></lb>magna, & ſtatuta quantitas, aquam minorem pondere ſupe<lb></lb>ret: quoniam plures eiuſdem formæ triangulos <expan abbr="cõtinebit">continebit</expan>; quo <lb></lb>nihil abſurdius, nihil magis à veritate alienum, atque abhor<lb></lb>rens dici poſſe nemo inficias ibit: quælibet enim aeris particu<lb></lb>la, ſeu magna, ſeu parua ex aqua emergit, & in ſublime fer<lb></lb>tur, & <expan abbr="quãtò">quantò</expan> aeris portio fuerit maior, tantò incitabitur cele<lb></lb>rius, ex aqua <expan abbr="erũpens">erumpens</expan> <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> minimus, aut exiguus ignis, & aer.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000358">Explicatur nexus argumentorum Platonis, qui de <lb></lb>graui, & leui perperam egit. </s> <s id="s.000359">Cap. XXV.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000360">N<emph type="italics"></emph>ec propterea quod rotundum ſit cælum, nullam par<lb></lb>tium contrariam poſitionem habet, vt Piato rebatur; <lb></lb>immo quia rotundum ita eſt cælum, vt nihil excogita-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="43" xlink:href="011/01/063.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ri possit rotundius, & in orbis abſoluti ſpeciem efformatum, <lb></lb>omnem partium <expan abbr="contrariã">contrariam</expan> poſitionem habet; extremum cer<lb></lb>tè, & medium. </s> <s id="s.000361">Quod enim extremum cæli, & medium mun<lb></lb>di centrum ſint contraria, tum ex <expan abbr="cõtraria">contraria</expan> motuum natura<lb></lb>lium energia, tum ex contrariis ipſis corporum naturalium <lb></lb>ſimplicium naturis repugnantibus, quæ ad contraria loca con<lb></lb>citantur, & in illis immota quieſcunt, intelligere licet: motus <lb></lb>enim ſurſum, & deorſum ſunt contrarij, vt contraria ſunt cor<lb></lb>pora leuia, quæ ſurſum aſcendunt, & corpora grauia, quæ <lb></lb>deorſum deſcendunt: non enim motus contrarij, aut ſine locis <lb></lb>contrariis, aut ſine naturis contrariis existunt, vt notum eſt <lb></lb>ex his, quæ Aristoteles libro primo de cælo ſcripta reliquit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000362"><emph type="italics"></emph>Cætera, quæ Ariſtoteles aduerſus Platonem, & alios ſcri<lb></lb>pſit, in his quæ de cælo libro præſertim quarto, prudentes præ<lb></lb>terimus: voſque, candidissimi lectores, qui, tum ingenij viri<lb></lb>bus, tum eruditione præſtatis, ad illa vocamus; vt qui ſine cor<lb></lb>tice natare didicistis, ſine cortice natantes ad portum venia<lb></lb>tis optatum: Aristoteles vos expectat, vt demonstret quo<lb></lb>modo Plato victus labaſcat, & quomodo falſum ſit, quod vti <lb></lb>verum aſſumit, & proptérea totum Platonis ædificium cor<lb></lb>ruit: quod postquam plus quàm ſatis magna ruina concide<lb></lb>rit, inſtaurari non poterit; & antè quàm corruat, quò minus <lb></lb>concidat, contineri nequit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000363">Quomodo Plato, & Ariſtoteles dum grauia, & le<lb></lb>uia definiunt, conciliari poſſunt. </s> <s id="s.000364">Cap. XXVI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000365">ARISTOTELES <emph type="italics"></emph>tamen libro quarto de phyſico au<lb></lb>ditu particula octuageſimaquinta, & libro tertio de <lb></lb>cælo particula decima graue id eſſe affirmauit, quod <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="44" xlink:href="011/01/064.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>eſt denſum, & leue, quod est rarum; ſiquidem denſitas cum <lb></lb>grauitate, & raritas cum leuitate coniungi ſoleat; quatenus <lb></lb>denſitas frigidum <expan abbr="cõdenſans">condenſans</expan>, & grauitatem introducens, & <lb></lb>leuitas calidum rarefaciens, & <expan abbr="leuitatẽ">leuitatem</expan> adducens, conſequan<lb></lb>tur: vt quam optimè viſus eſt dixiſſe Auerroes libro ſeptimo <lb></lb>Phyſicorum commentatione decima: calidi enim eſt rarefa<lb></lb>cere, & frigidi condenſare; vt intelligere licet tum ex ſecundo <lb></lb>de ortu, & interitu, tum ex quarto metheorologicorum. </s> <s id="s.000366">Quod <lb></lb>ſi graue id eſt, quod est denſum, vt Aristoteles dixit; graue <lb></lb>id etiam erit, quod concretum est ex pluribus partibus <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> <lb></lb>generis; vt Plato voluit: & ſi leue id est, quod eſt rarum, vt <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles confirmauit, leue id etiam erit, quod ex pauciori<lb></lb>bus partibus eiuſdem rationis efficitur; vt Plato credidit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000367">Quæ duæ ſententiæ, hoc modo explicatæ, non re ipſa, ſed verbo <lb></lb>tenus diſcrepare intelligantur, ita vt Ariſtoteles cum Pla<lb></lb>tone hac in re, quam optimè conuenire videatur, vt compluri<lb></lb>bus in aliis rebus inter eoſdem conuenire à nobis alibi demon<lb></lb>ſtratum fuit: Ariſtoteles ergo, quod ſupra diximus, ratus eſt <lb></lb>ignem eſſe ſimpliciter, & abſolutè leuem, & terram ſimplici<lb></lb>ter, & abſolutè grauem: duo media, quæ inter hæc vtraque in<lb></lb>teriecta ſunt <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan>, vt aqua, & aer, tum grauia, tum leuia: <lb></lb>ad ſuperiora <expan abbr="cõparata">comparata</expan> ſunt grauia, & ad inferiora ſunt leuia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000368">Quamobrem ignis eſt abſolutè leuis, & terra abſo<lb></lb>lutè grauis, media autem elementa ſunt com<lb></lb>paratè grauia, & leuia. </s> <s id="s.000369">Cap. XXVII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000370">QVARE <emph type="italics"></emph>ignis ſit abſolutè leuis, & terra abſolutè gra<lb></lb>uis, duo media non abſolutè, nec ſimpliciter, ſedin com<lb></lb>paratione ad duo extrema grauia, & leuia dicantur,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="45" xlink:href="011/01/065.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſcriptum eſt ab Auerroe libro quarto de cælo commentatione <lb></lb>quadrageſima: quia locus ſuperior loco ignis, ſimpliciter, & <lb></lb>abſolutè leuis ſub luna non datur; ex quo leuissimus ignis de<lb></lb>ſcendat, poſtquam eò ſuopte impulſu aſcenderit: perinde ac lo<lb></lb>cus inferior centro non inuenitur, ex quo terra ad eum lo<lb></lb>cum, in quo nunc est, aſcendat, poſtquam eò deſcenderit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000371">Cauſa etiam quare ignis expers est cuiuslibet grauitatis, & <lb></lb>terra cuiuslibet leuitatis, aer, & aqua tum grauitatis, tum le <lb></lb>uitatis eſt particeps, ibi ab eodem Auerroe redditur. </s> <s id="s.000372">Et ea eſt: <lb></lb>quia inferius ſimpliciter, & ſuperius ſimpliciter in natura in <lb></lb>uenitur; & cauſa, quamobrem hæc duo in natura <expan abbr="inueniũtur">inueniuntur</expan>, <lb></lb>eſt: quia extrema maximæ diſtantiæ ſunt in rerum vniuerſi<lb></lb>tate, & cauſa, quare hæc reperiuntur, eſt, quia horum <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> <lb></lb>est centrum, alterum circumferentia. </s> <s id="s.000373">Porrò cauſa, propter <lb></lb>quam media elementa vt aer, & aqua, non ſunt ſimpliciter, <lb></lb>& abſolutè, aut grauia, aut leuia, ſed ad duo extrema com<lb></lb>parata modo grauia, & modo leuia cenſentur, est: quia non <lb></lb>ſunt in loco, aut ſimpliciter inferiore, aut abſolutè ſuperiore; <lb></lb>nec ſunt in locis maximè distantibus; quorum alterum ſit cen<lb></lb>trum, alterum circumferentia: ſed ſunt in locis mediis, me<lb></lb>diæ naturæ corporibus optimo iure tributis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000374"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hæ ſunt Auerrois cauſæ; quibus addendum, nec abſque <lb></lb>ratione putamus vim, & naturam propriam, ſeu energiam <lb></lb>cuiuslibet elementi, quæ cauſa est, ob quam vnumquodque ele<lb></lb>mentum ſit aut graue, aut leue, aut ſimpliciter, aut ad aliud <lb></lb>comparatum: ſunt enim grauitas, & leuitas propriæ <expan abbr="corporũ">corporum</expan> <lb></lb>grauium, & leuium affectiones, quæ eorumdem formas neceſ<lb></lb>ſariò conſequuntur: & ex illis quaſi aquæ ex propriis fonti<lb></lb>bus, manant: eadem enim ſunt prima ſpecierum, & proprie<lb></lb>tatum principia: vt quia homo eſt rationis particeps, eſt etiam <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="46" xlink:href="011/01/066.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ad riſum propenſus; vt infrà (auſpice Deo) videbimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000375"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex his duas grauium, & leuium definitiones habemus: al<lb></lb>tera per motum à medio, & ad medium data; altera per quie<lb></lb>tem à medio, & in medio assignata: dixerat enim Aristo<lb></lb>teles, graue id eſt, quod mouetur ad medium, & graue id eſt, <lb></lb>quod quieſcit in medio: dixerat etiam leue id est, quod quie<lb></lb>ſcit à medio, & leue id eſt, quod mouetur àmedio: vt ſupra <lb></lb>ſcripſimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000376">Vtra definitionum ſit potior; an ea, quæ per quie<lb></lb>tem, an ea quæ per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> datur. </s> <s id="s.000377">Cap. XXVIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000378"><emph type="italics"></emph>Cvm duas grauium, & leuium definitiones assigna<lb></lb>uerimus, alteram per motum, & alteram per <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan>, <lb></lb>Auerroes libro quarto de cælo commentatione vigeſi<lb></lb>maſexta, & trigeſimaprima non iniuria quærit. </s> <s id="s.000379">Vtrane <expan abbr="ha-rũ">ha<lb></lb>rum</expan> definitionum ſit potior: an ea, quæ per quietem, an ea, quæ <lb></lb>per motum datur; it a vt grauium, et leuium naturam <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan> <lb></lb>magis exprimat, & ideo præſtantior eſſe credatur. </s> <s id="s.000380">Reſpondet <lb></lb>Auerroes Philoſophus in primis magnus, & dicit: ea certè <lb></lb>præferenda eſt alteri, quæ per quietem datur: cauſa est, quia <lb></lb>motus elementis non ineſt, niſi poſtquam violentiam paſſa, aut <lb></lb>extra proprium locum vi extruſa fuerint, & ad illum redire <lb></lb>contenderint; aut extra proprium locum genita, ad eumdem <lb></lb>accedere tentauerint: hæc dum ad locum naturalem concitan<lb></lb>tur, non nihil adhuc conſeruant contrariæ illius, & <expan abbr="repugnãtis">repugnantis</expan> <lb></lb>naturæ, vel ex qua genita fuerint, vel quam extra <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan> lo<lb></lb>cum pulſa contraxerunt; at quies elementis in ſua propria, ac <lb></lb>naturali diſpoſitione existentibus optimo iure tribuitur; ideo <lb></lb>elementis, vt moueantur, accidere videtur: vt quieſcant, per ſe <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="47" xlink:href="011/01/067.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>habent: <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> ob rem corporum ſimplicium, quæ elementa voca<lb></lb>tur, definitio per quietem data eorumdem definitioni per mo<lb></lb>tum quauis ratione inuentæ, est omnino præferenda, quod <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles tetigiſſe viſus eſt libro primo de cælo particula de<lb></lb>cimaſeptima: vbi grauia, & leuia non per <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan>, ſed per <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>pingui, et craſſa minerua ſe definiuiſſe teſtatur; donec per quie<lb></lb><expan abbr="tẽ">tem</expan> accuratius, ac diligentius elementorum natura diſputetur, <lb></lb>quod quarto lib.de cælo præstitum fuiſſe nemo eſt qui neſciat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000381">Quæ Themiſtius <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> Ariſtotelem ſcripſit de gra<lb></lb>uium, & leuium definitione. </s> <s id="s.000382">Cap. XXIX.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000383">EXPLODENDVS <emph type="italics"></emph>est hoc loco Themiſtius, qui has <lb></lb>grauium, & leuium definitiones per eorumdem <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <lb></lb>& quietem datas, rem quamlibet <expan abbr="definitã">definitam</expan> complecti non <lb></lb>credidit; & multa, de quibus hæ definitiones dicuntur, quæ nec <lb></lb>grauia ſunt nec leuia, ratus eſt inueniri: quod terra ſua ipſius <lb></lb>natura ponderoſa, in aere ſuſpenſa deorſum non feratur, quæ <lb></lb>tamen terra eſt & grauis: ergò non quodlibet graue deorſum <lb></lb>tendit. </s> <s id="s.000384">Quin etiam terra, dum in centro quieſcit, ibi ſtat im<lb></lb>mota, & deorſum non citatur: cum locus centro inferior in na<lb></lb>tura non detur, ad <expan abbr="quẽ">quem</expan> aliquod ponderoſum corpus deſcendat: <lb></lb>terra ergò, quòd in centro stat immota, & deorſum non cita<lb></lb>tur, est grauis: ſi graue id eſt, quod in centro quieſcit, & non <lb></lb>deſcendit: ergò graue illud non est, quod deſcendit, ſed graue <lb></lb>id eſt; quod stat immotum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000385"><emph type="italics"></emph>Idem de leuissimo igni dicendum, qui apud nos genitus, & <lb></lb>quo minus aſcendat ab aliquo impeditus, ad <expan abbr="ſuperã">ſuperam</expan> huius infe<lb></lb>rioris mundi <expan abbr="orã">oram</expan>, vbi nunc luna eſt, non attollitur, & in ſuo pro<lb></lb>prio naturalique loco exiſtens ſurſum altius non euolat: cum <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="48" xlink:href="011/01/068.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>nullus ſupra locum ignis, aut ſub luna, aut ſupra lunam, locus <lb></lb>inueniatur, ad quem leuia corpora aſcendant: ergo leuissimus <lb></lb>ignis est in rerum natura immotus, qui ſurſum non fertur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000386"><emph type="italics"></emph>Abſurda nec minora ex definitione per quietem data na<lb></lb>ſcuntur: nam terra est terra, & eadem grauius, quæ ſurſum <lb></lb>poſita, & nullo modo impedita ad medium mundi deſcendit, <lb></lb>quæ terra eſt, & grauis, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quieſcit. </s> <s id="s.000387">Datur ignis, qui apud <lb></lb>nos genitus, & nulla ratione impeditus aſcendit, qui tamen eſt <lb></lb>ignis, & leuissimus, & ſub luna non quieſcit. </s> <s id="s.000388">Ergo de quali<lb></lb>bet re definita hæ grauium, & leuium definitiones non dicun<lb></lb>tur: quia definitio per motum data de terra in aere ſuſpenſa, <lb></lb>quo minus deſcendat impedita, & deigni apud nos genito, & <lb></lb>quo minus aſcendat impedito, non dicitur: & definitio, quæ <lb></lb>ex quiete naſcitur, <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> ſurſum poſitam, & deorſum latam, <lb></lb>& ignem, inter nos inuentum, & aſcendentem, ambitu ſuo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>complectitur. </s> <s id="s.000389">Præterea elementa in ſuis propriis, naturali<lb></lb>buſque locis nec grauia ſunt, nec leuia: ergo nec aſcendunt, <lb></lb>nec deſcendunt: ergo definitio per aſcenſum, & deſcenſum da <lb></lb>ta, de qualibet re definita non dicitur: quia non de elementis <lb></lb>in ſuis naturalibus locis quieſcentibus, & definitio per quietem <lb></lb>ad inuenta de elementis; quæ ad propria loca feruntur, dici <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>potest. </s> <s id="s.000390">Aliquod ergo graue, & leue est in natura: cui hæ de <lb></lb>finitiones non conueniunt: & hæ definitiones aliquibus tribuun<lb></lb>tur, quæ nec grauia ſunt, nec leuia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000391"><emph type="italics"></emph>Confirmari poſſunt argumenta Themistij, ſi vaſtissimum <lb></lb>terræ corpus extra locum poſitum, & ſuæ naturæ derelictum <lb></lb>ad centrum latum nihil ibi offendat, quod motum impediat, <lb></lb>in centro non manebit: ſed infra centrum ſuo nixu feretur: <lb></lb>quia <expan abbr="tãta">tanta</expan> terræ moles nullis fixis radicibus, nullique rei adhæ<lb></lb>rens, a qua vastissima illa magnitudo ſubstentetur, quomodo <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="49" xlink:href="011/01/069.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>vltra non moueatur, ſed in centro ex ſe ipſa ſiſtatur, vix intel<lb></lb>ligi potest: cum præſertim quælibet terræ gleba etiam quam<lb></lb>uis parua in ſublimi poſita, & ſuæ naturæ derelicta, omni ſu<lb></lb>blato impedimento, conſistere nolit; ſed maiori, ac celeriori, <lb></lb>quo potest impetu, repente deorſum ruat. </s> <s id="s.000392">Ergo vniuerſum <lb></lb>terræ pondus infra centrum multo celerius præcepitabitur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000393">Ergo terra dabitur, quæ terra est, & grauis: ipſa ta<lb></lb>men ex centro aſcendit; ergo graue illud non est, quod de<lb></lb>ſcendit; ſed quod aſcendit: quia terræ moles dum infra cen<lb></lb>trum mouetur, non deſcendit; ſed aſcendit: ergo de qualibet <lb></lb>re graui hæ definitiones non dicuntur; quia non de vastiſsima <lb></lb>terræ mole, in centro nihil offendente, quod motum impediat; <lb></lb>quæ infra centrum præceps ruet; & infra centrum eſt locus <lb></lb>ſurſum, ergo terra erit terra, & grauis, & ſurſum ascendet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000394">Quæ Auerroes contra Themiſtium pro Ariſtotele <lb></lb>grauia, & leuia, quam optimè definiente. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000395">Caput XXX.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000396">AVERROES, <emph type="italics"></emph>qui in excutiendis Ariſtotelis verissi<lb></lb>mis ſententiis maxima ſolertia ſemper eſt vſus, ambas <lb></lb>haſce Ariſtotelis definitiones ab his Themiſtij iniuriis <lb></lb>quam optimè vindicat: in Paraphraſi libri quarti de cælo <expan abbr="cõ-mentatione">com<lb></lb>mentatione</expan> vigeſimaſeptima, de cuius ſententia duo ponimus; <lb></lb>quorum alterum illud est.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000397"><emph type="italics"></emph>Definitur palma, cum dicitur palma eſt arbor, quæ dacti<lb></lb>los producit: palma tamen non ſemper, ſed à natura statutis <lb></lb>tantum temporibus dactilos edit, & est hæc definitio vſque <lb></lb>adeo bona, vt nec meliorem, nec parem excogitare vlla vm<lb></lb>quam ratio possit: palma tamen est palma, tunc cum dacti-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="50" xlink:href="011/01/070.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>los non producit: quia hæc definitio non actum, ſed ſolam fa<lb></lb>cultatem ad edendos dactilos exprimit, idque non ſemper, ſed <lb></lb>statutis à natura temporibus; vt dictum eſt: atque id eſt ra<lb></lb>tioni conſentaneum: propterea quod, cum rerum differentiæ <lb></lb>plerumque lateant; earumdem accidentia differentiarum lo<lb></lb>co tunc vſurpare conſueuimus: vt ſcripſit Ariſtoteles libro ſe<lb></lb>ptimo Diuinorum particula quadrageſimaprima: & non ra<lb></lb>ro alibi: atqui grauium, & leuium definitiones ex earumdem <lb></lb>accidentibus conflantur: quia propriis grauium, & leuium <lb></lb>differentiis, abditis illis quidem a maioribus noſtris, non ſunt <lb></lb>impoſita nomina, accidentium vocibus vtimur; quæ acciden<lb></lb>tia non actum, ſed facultatem ſignificant: ergo, & cet. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000398">Altera hypotheſis eſt: grauia, et leuia ab eadem naturali for<lb></lb>ma habent, vt extra proprium locum poſita, ad proprium na <lb></lb>turalemque locum, perſe, recurrant: & quæ in proprio na<lb></lb>turalique loco exiſtunt, ibi per ſe quieſcant: vt colligere licet <lb></lb>ex his, quæ Ariſtoteles ſcripſit, libro ſecundo de cælo particu<lb></lb>la nonageſima & centeſimaſecunda: & ex definitione natu<lb></lb>ræ libro ſecundo Phyſicorum edita: qua de re infra agemus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000399">Quæ Themiſtius aduerſus ſecundam hypotheſim <lb></lb>paullo ante deſcriptam. </s> <s id="s.000400">Cap. XXXI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000401">HANC <emph type="italics"></emph>ſecundam hypotheſim, quamquam ex Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis abditissimis recessibus natam, ratus eſt The<lb></lb>mistius dignam, quæ confutetur, libro ſecundo de cæ<lb></lb>lo particula nonageſimaſecunda: quippe quod effectus <expan abbr="cõtra-rij">contra<lb></lb>rij</expan> non ex eadem cauſa, ſed ex contrariis cauſis naſcantur: <lb></lb>vt teſtatur Ariſtoteles libro quarto Metheorologicorum par<lb></lb>ticula trigeſimaquinta, & quadrageſima: ſed motus & quies <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="51" xlink:href="011/01/071.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſunt duo effectus contrarij: ergo motus, & quies non ex eadem <lb></lb>cauſa, ſed ex diuerſis cauſis naſcuntur: propterea contrariis <lb></lb>cauſis hos contrarios effectus Themistius aſcripſit, ei quod eſt <lb></lb>eſſe in medio, quietem in medio: & ei, quod eſt eſſe extra me<lb></lb>dium, motum ad medium tribuit: vt ecce graue corpus, quod <lb></lb>eſt in medio, stat immotum in medio: ergo ab hoc, quod eſt eſſe <lb></lb>in medio, graue habet quietem in medio: & idem corpus gra<lb></lb>ue extra medium, ad medium cietur: ergo ab hoc, quod est <lb></lb>eſſe extra medium, graue habet, vt moueatur ad medium: <lb></lb>eſſe intra, & eſſe extra ſunt cauſæ contrariæ quæ hos <expan abbr="cõtra-rios">contra<lb></lb>rios</expan> motus, & quietis effectus producunt: quod de graui cor<lb></lb>pore diximus, est de leui dicendum: ignis enim, ab hoc, quod <lb></lb>est eſſe in loco ſupra quem nunc lunam videmus, habet, vt ibi <lb></lb>quieſcat, & idem ignis, ab hoc, quod est eſſe infra ſuum lo<lb></lb>cum, habet vt ad eumdem moueatur: quod itaque grauia <lb></lb>deorſum, & leuia ſurſum cieantur, ei, quod est eſſe extra pro<lb></lb>prium locum referri debet acceptum; & quod grauia deor<lb></lb>ſum, & leuia ſurſum quieſcant, dandum est ei, quod eſt eſſe <lb></lb>in propriis locis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000402">Quæ pro Ariſtotele contra Themiſtium ab Auer<lb></lb>roe ſcribantur. </s> <s id="s.000403">Cap. XXXII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000404">AVERROES <emph type="italics"></emph>omni genere laudis abundans Philoſo<lb></lb>phus verissimam Ariſtotelis ſententiam dignissimam <lb></lb>putat, quæ à Themistij calumniis defendatur: idque <lb></lb>vt commodius fiat, primo falſam Themiſtij ſententiam ener<lb></lb>uabimus; ſecundo ſcopulum indicabimus, in quem Themiſtius <lb></lb>impegit: tertio argumenti illius, cui Themiſtius innitebatur, <lb></lb>exitum explicabimus. </s> <s id="s.000405">Quod ad primum attinet; ex Auerroe <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="52" xlink:href="011/01/072.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>in Themiſtium nonnulla argumenta colligimus, quorum pri<lb></lb>mum illud eſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000406"><emph type="italics"></emph>Eadem eſt cauſa finis, & eorum quæ ſunt ad finem: ſed <lb></lb>quies eſt finis motus, & motus in quietem, vt in finem ordina<lb></lb>tur: ergo eadem eſt cauſa motus, & quietis elementorum: ſi <lb></lb>itaque cauſa motus eſt eſſe extra proprium locum, eadem erit <lb></lb>cauſa quietis: ergo ab hoc, quod est eſſe extra proprium <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan>, <lb></lb>elementa habent vt in proprio loco quieſcant: & ſi elementa <lb></lb>in ſuis locis quieſcunt, quia ſunt in illis; ad ſua propria loca mo<lb></lb>uebuntur, propterea quod ſunt in propriis locis: quæ ſunt <expan abbr="tã">tam</expan> <lb></lb>falſa, quam falſissima, & tam abſurda, quam abſurdissima: <lb></lb>ergo falſa, & abſurda est ſententia Themistij; ex qua hæc <lb></lb>falſa, & abſurda ſequuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000407"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo argumentor: Poſitis cauſis, & effectus ab eiſdem <lb></lb>cauſis manantes omnino ponuntur: vt exiſtente igni, calor exi<lb></lb>ſtit, ex oriente ſole, lux oritur; ſed eſſe extra medium eſt cau<lb></lb>ſa quare terreum corpus moueatur ad medium: ergo omne <lb></lb>corpus quod erit extra medium, ad medium mouebitur: ergo <lb></lb>leuissimus ignis extra medium collocatus ad medium deſcen<lb></lb>det: & eſſe in medio eſt cauſa, qua in medio graue quieſcat: <lb></lb>ergo omne corpus, quod in medio erit, in medio quieſcet: ergo ſi <lb></lb>leuissimum ignem in medio constituere contingerit in medio <lb></lb>quieſcet: quæ omnia præter quam quod falſa ſunt, ſunt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>abſurda: ergo vt falſa, & abſurda explodenda ſententia The<lb></lb>miſtij eſt; ex qua hæc falſa, & abſurda naſcuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000408"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quod ad ſecundam partem, quam paullo ante polliciti ſu<lb></lb>mus pertinet: ratus eſt Auerroes hallucinatum fuiſſe The<lb></lb>miſtium, quod in eam captionem impegerit, quæ dicitur ſecun<lb></lb>dum quid ad ſimpliciter; attulit enim cauſam ſecundum quid <lb></lb>horum effectuum; quæ ſimpliciter, & abſolutè cauſa non est; <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="53" xlink:href="011/01/073.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>sed tantum ſecundum quid, immo ſola eſt diſpoſitio cauſæ ſim<lb></lb>pliciter: verbi gratia corporis grauis in centro exiſtentis gra<lb></lb>uitas eſt cauſa, quam ob rem graue in centro maneat; & ea<lb></lb>dem grauitas eiuſdem corporis grauis extra centrum exiſten<lb></lb>tis, est cauſa, quam ob rem graue ad centrum moueatur: eſſe <lb></lb>ergo in centro, vt extra <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>, non ſunt cauſæ motus, & quie<lb></lb>tis in centro, & ad centrum; ſed ſunt diſpoſitiones contrariæ <lb></lb>eiusdem grauitatis; ex qua ad numerum eadem grauitate, <lb></lb>contrariis diſpoſitionibus diſpoſita contrarij effectus naſcun<lb></lb>tur: nam idem ſecundum idem, reſpectu eiuſdem, & eidem, <lb></lb>contrariorum cauſa eſſe non poteſt, vt auctor eſt Aristoteles <lb></lb>libro quarto Metheorologicorum particula trigeſimaſexta: <lb></lb>ſub diuerſis tamen, vel (vt melius dicam) sub contrariis di<lb></lb>ſpoſitionibus, potest idem eſſe cauſa contrariorum, vt Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles scriptum reliquit secundo Phyſicorum particula tri<lb></lb>geſima; ſicut ſi gubernator, ſi adſit, eſt cauſa ſalutis in naui; <lb></lb>ſiverò abſit, causa eſt nauis vt mergatur: & id propriè verum <lb></lb>eſſe in cauſis efficientibus, atque mouentibus Ariſtoteles ſcri<lb></lb>pſit libro quinto Diuinorum particula ſecunda: Ex eadem er<lb></lb>go cauſa faciente, atque mouente, contrario modo diſpoſita ef<lb></lb>fectus contrarij naſcuntur: quo fit, vt grauitas corporis gra<lb></lb>uis in centro existentis, cauſa ſit quietis, & grauitas corporis <lb></lb>grauis extra centrum poſiti ſit cauſa motus: & leuitas cor<lb></lb>poris leuis ſub luna immediatè quieſcentis, ſit cauſa quietis: & <lb></lb>grauitas corporis grauis extra centrum conſtituti, ſit cauſa <lb></lb>motus, vt diximus: & leuitas corporis leuis, ſub proprio na<lb></lb>turalique loco inuenti, ſit cauſa motus: cauſa ergo, quæ facit <lb></lb>motum, & quietem, eſt, numero eadem: ſed diſpoſitiones, <expan abbr="hãc">hanc</expan> <lb></lb>eamdem cauſam numero vnam diſponentes, ſunt contrariæ. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000409">Hallucinatus eſt ergo Themiſtius, qui diſpoſitiones cauſæ agen<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="54" xlink:href="011/01/074.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tis cauſas agentes eſſe crediderit: eam ob rem in fallaciam in<lb></lb>cidit, quæ secundum quid ad ſimpliciter nuncupatur, dum <lb></lb>cauſas secundum quid eo honore affecit, quo ſimpliciter, & <lb></lb>abſolutæ cauſæ affici debuerant: hæc ad argumenti <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000410">Nunc ad eiuſdem argumenti formam est tertio loco reſpon<lb></lb>dendum. </s> <s id="s.000411">Dixerat Themistius, contrariorum effectuum, <lb></lb>vna & eadem numero cauſa eſſe non potest: sed <expan abbr="cõtrariæ">contrariæ</expan> ne<lb></lb>ceſſe est vt ſint contrariorum effectuum cauſæ: cui reſpon<lb></lb>dendum eſt; ſi eadem causa ſit eodem modo diſpoſita, id est <lb></lb>vero verius quod Ariſtotelem scripſiſſe libro quarto Metheo<lb></lb>rologicorum paullo ante memorauimus: sed ſi dixerimus <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> <lb></lb>hanc, atque eamdem causam non eſſe eodem modo diſpoſi<lb></lb>tam, sed modis contrariis: tunc ex eadem causa numero <lb></lb>contrario modo diſpoſita, contrarij effectus naſcuntur: vt <lb></lb>Aristotelem libro secundo Phyſicorum literis conſignauiſſe <lb></lb>nunc diximus. </s> <s id="s.000412">maior ergo propoſitio Themistij per inficia<lb></lb>tionem, vt falſa diluitur, ſi abſolutè proferatur: ſi ei<lb></lb>dem numero cauſæ diſpoſitiones contrariæ additæ fuerint, <lb></lb>vt vera datur, qua ratione argumentum tollitur; Nec ſequi<lb></lb>tur, graue in medio collocatum ſtat in medio: ergo ab hoc, <lb></lb>quod eſt eſſe in medio, graue habet, vt quieſcat in medio; perin<lb></lb>de ac non ſequitur, graue extra medium poſitum ad medium <lb></lb>fertur: ergo ab hoc, quod eſt eſſe extra medium, graue habet <lb></lb>vt moueatur ad medium: Vera ergo est ſecunda hypotheſis, <lb></lb>quam vti veram poſuimus: & quæ à Themiſtio contra eam<lb></lb>dem dicuntur, nullum momentum habent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="55" xlink:href="011/01/075.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000413">Exitus <expan abbr="argumentorũ">argumentorum</expan>, quibus Themiſtius Ariſtote<lb></lb>lis definitiònes labefactare conatur, <expan abbr="dũ">dum </expan> grauia, & <lb></lb>leuia definit, explicatur. </s> <s id="s.000414">Cap. XXXIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000415">RATIONI <emph type="italics"></emph>conſentaneum eſt, vt postquam vidimus, <lb></lb>quæ Themiſtius aduerſus Ariſtotelem ſcripſit, ex dua<lb></lb>bus hypotheſibus capite vigeſimonono poſitis, Themiſtij <lb></lb>argumenta diluantur. </s> <s id="s.000416">Cum ergo dixit; terram in aere ſuſpen<lb></lb>ſam deorſum non ferri, & ideo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe grauem, <expan abbr="reſpõdet">reſpondet</expan> Auer <lb></lb>roes, & argumenta in Themiſtium mirabiliter retorquet. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000417">Palma (inquit) hiemis tempore dactilos non edit; ergo palma, <lb></lb>tunc non eſt palma: quod eſt tam falſum, quam falſissimum. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000418">Falſum ergo erit Themiſtij dictum; terra in aere ſuſpenſa non <lb></lb>deſcendit: ergo non eſt terra, cum non deſcendat; & ignis apud <lb></lb>nos genitus, & quo minus aſcendat impeditus, ad <expan abbr="ſuperã">ſuperam</expan> huius <lb></lb>mundi <expan abbr="orã">oram</expan> non attollitur: ergo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt ignis, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> non aſcendat: & <lb></lb>terra, quæ stat in centro non mouetur ad centrum; & quæ eſt <lb></lb>extra <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quieſcit, niſi impediatur: ergo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> est terra, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quieſcat. </s> <s id="s.000419">Et ignis ſub luna ad <expan abbr="lunã">lunam</expan> non attollitur; et eſt ignis <lb></lb>& leuissimus, & idem ignis extra <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> naturalem locum non <lb></lb>quieſcit, niſi impeditus; ergo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt ignis; ergo definitiones de iis <lb></lb>omnibus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dicuntur, de quibus dici debent: immo de multis di<lb></lb>cuntur, de quibus fas non eſſet, vt <expan abbr="dicerẽtur">dicerentur</expan>: vt de elementis in <lb></lb>ſuis naturalibus locis quieſcentibus; quæ ibi nec grauia sunt, nec <lb></lb>leuia, nec mouentur; et de elementis, quæ grauia ſunt, & leuia, <lb></lb>aliquando tamen, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> impediantur, extra proprium <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> quie<lb></lb>ſcunt: <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> hæc omnia falſa ſint, per omnium argumentorum in<lb></lb>ficiationem ſingula <expan abbr="diluũtur">diluuntur</expan>, quippe quod hæ definitiones <expan abbr="solã">solam</expan> <lb></lb>energiam, & <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> ſine aliquo perpetuo actu ſignificent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="56" xlink:href="011/01/076.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000420"><emph type="italics"></emph>Terra it aque vbi cum que ſit, est terra, & grauis, ſiue mo<lb></lb>ueatur, ſiue quieſcat, & ignis in quocumque loco inueniatur <lb></lb>est ignis, & leuis, ſiue aſcendat, ſiue non; de quorum vtroque <lb></lb>elemento, veraque grauium, & leuium definitio eatenus dici<lb></lb>tur quo ad vtrum que elementum, seu graue, seu leue, ſolam <lb></lb>energiam, & ſolam innatam propenſionem ad motum ad lo<lb></lb>cum, & ad quietem in loco habet; ſiue ad centrum, ſiue in cen<lb></lb>tro, ſiue ad lunæ concauum, ſiue ſub lunæ concauo. </s> <s id="s.000421">Porrò ab <lb></lb>eadem naturali vtriuſque grauis, & leuis corporis forma, hæc <lb></lb>innata propenſio ad motum naſcitur, à qua quies in proprio <lb></lb>naturalique eorumdem loco exoritur. </s> <s id="s.000422">Explodenda eſt ergo in <lb></lb>hac parte falſa Themiſtij ſententia, & vera Ariſtotelis est <lb></lb>omnino probanda.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000423"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad confirmationem noſtram, quam pro Themictij parte <lb></lb>adduximus, reſpondemus. </s> <s id="s.000424">Terræ vaſtissima, & grauissima <lb></lb>moles ſuæ naturæ derelicta, ad centrum lata, ſi nihil ibi of<lb></lb>fendat, quod illius motum impediat, infra centrum ſuo nixu <lb></lb>non feretur, ſed quieſcet; nec vltra promoueri poterit, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pro<lb></lb>pter radices infinitas, quas in parte in feriore habeat, vt Ze<lb></lb>nophanes Colophonius affirmauit. </s> <s id="s.000425">Non propter aquam ſubie<lb></lb>ctam, vt Tales mileſius; Non propter aerem suppoſitum vt <lb></lb>Anaxagoras, at que Democritus crediderunt: à quibus, aqua <lb></lb>ſcilicet atque aere lata terræ figura subſtentaretur. </s> <s id="s.000426">Non pro<lb></lb>pter ocissimam cæli conuerſionem, vt Empedocles tradidit: <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>propter æquabilitatem, vt Anaximander docuit; sed quia <lb></lb>ſic ſtatutum eſt à natura, vt corpora omnia grauia vndecum<lb></lb>que deorſum ferantur ad totius mundi centrum descendat, il<lb></lb>ludque pertranſire non possint; sed ibi quieſcant: alioqui con<lb></lb>tranaturam propriam iterum in sublime volabunt: omnes <lb></lb>enim totius mundi partes, vbicumque extra centrum extite-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="57" xlink:href="011/01/077.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>rint, ſursum eſſe dicuntur, & re uera ſunt; vt docet Aristo<lb></lb>teles in his, quæ de cælo, & mundo: ſicut tota terra in centro <lb></lb>ſistetur, it a & quælibet eius particula: nam ad eumdem lo<lb></lb>cum totum, & partes natura mouentur, & in eodem loco <lb></lb>natura manent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000427">Difficultas ſoluitur, qua probari poſſe videtur, ele<lb></lb>menta dum quieſcunt, elementa non eſſe, ſed <lb></lb>tantum, dum mouentur. </s> <s id="s.000428">Ca. XXXIIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000429">DVABVS <emph type="italics"></emph>elementorum definitionibus explanatis, quæ <lb></lb>rum alter a per motum, alter a per <expan abbr="quietẽ">quietem</expan> datur, aduer<lb></lb>ſus elementorum quietem argumentum ex Ariſtotele <lb></lb>texitur, qui octauo Phyſicorum particula prima scripſit: Mo<lb></lb>tum eſſe <expan abbr="vitã">vitam</expan> eorum omnium, quæ natur a conſiſtunt, & duo de<lb></lb>cimo Diuinorum dixit. </s> <s id="s.000430">Deum æterno tempore mouere, quia <lb></lb>ſuam perennem vitam in perenni motu conſiſtere intelligit: <lb></lb>ſed elementa natura conſiſtunt; ergo motus eſt eorum vita; er<lb></lb>go quies eſt eorum mors: per locum ab oppoſitis, ergo <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan>, <lb></lb>dum quieſcunt, non sunt elementa, ſed <expan abbr="tantū">tantum</expan>, dum mouentur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000431">Reſpondeo primo ad materiam; ſecundo ad formam. </s> <s id="s.000432">Ad ma<lb></lb>teriam ſciendum; ea quæ per ſe inſunt, rei naturam magis, <lb></lb>& melius explicare, iis quæ per accidens ineſſe dicuntur; vt <lb></lb>participatio rationis, quæ per ſe eſt in homine, hominis <expan abbr="naturā">naturam</expan> <lb></lb>magis, & melius explicat, quam aut albedo, aut nigredo; quæ <lb></lb>ſunt hominis accidentia; <expan abbr="quāquam">quanquam</expan> ad intelligendam rei natu<lb></lb>ram non ſolum neceſſarium eſt ea, quæ per ſe inſunt, cognoſce<lb></lb>re, ſed & ea etiam, quæ accidunt rei cognoſcendæ, ad cogni<lb></lb>tionem naturæ magnum adferunt momentum; vt Aristo<lb></lb>teles docuit libro primo de anima particula vndecima.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="58" xlink:href="011/01/078.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000433"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo loco ſciendum finem ad rei naturam proximius <lb></lb>accedere, eamdemque magis explicare, & eſſe nobiliorem <lb></lb>quam ſint ea, quæ it a ordinantur, vt ad finem tendant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000434"><emph type="italics"></emph>Tertio notandum, vita duplex: quædam rudis, & incoa<lb></lb>ta, propterea imperfecta: quædam omnino expleta: elementa <lb></lb>dum mouentur non ſecundam, ſed primam vitam, per quam <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="ſecũdam">ſecundam</expan> vt ad perfectionem tendunt, viuunt. </s> <s id="s.000435">Quamquam <lb></lb>hic vitam impropriè vſurpamus: nam propriè ſolis corporibus <lb></lb>animatis ab Ariſtotele libro ſecundo de anima vita tribui<lb></lb>tur: quæ animata corpora propriè augentur, ac nutriuntur, <lb></lb>& cum ad maturam ætatem peruenerint, ſimile gignunt; ni<lb></lb>ſi mutila ſint.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000436"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quarto animaduertendum: elementa per ſe quieſcere, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>moueri niſi per accidens: vt ſupra diximus: & elementorum <lb></lb>quietem eſſe eorumdem finem, in quem tendunt; dum mouen<lb></lb>tur, vt infra demonſtrabimus de ſententia Aristotelis libro <lb></lb>quarto de cælo particula vigeſimaquinta. </s> <s id="s.000437">Sciendum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> est <lb></lb>vitam ex elementorum quiete natam, eſſe perfectam: ad <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb><expan abbr="eorũdem">eorundem</expan> vita imperfecta, quæ ex motu pendet, natur atendit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000438"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex his ad formam: Totum primum argumentum detur, <lb></lb>ſi de imperfecta vita intelligatur: & minor inficiatione dilua<lb></lb>tur, ſi de vita omnino expleta eamdem intelligere velint.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000439"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad locum, qui ab oppoſitis petebatur dicimus: elementorum <lb></lb>motum vitam imperfectam ex motu manantem finire; non <lb></lb>autem perfectam; quæ non ex motu, sed ex quiete manat: <lb></lb>immo in ipſamet quiete conſiſtit. </s> <s id="s.000440">Ad lócum Ariſtotelis libro <lb></lb>duodecimo Diuinorum reſpondendum: Cælum & Naturam <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> moueri à Deo niſi metaphoricè per modum intellecti ama<lb></lb>ti, & deſiderati, qui motus eſt quieti, quam motui ſimilior; in <lb></lb>hac quiete Deus ſe <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> amat, atque intelligit; in quo aman-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="59" xlink:href="011/01/079.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>di, & intelligendi actu quieſcit: vitamque abſolutissimam, ac <lb></lb>beatissimam viuit, nullius extrinſicæ rei indigentem, ſed copiis <lb></lb>omnibus intrinſicis, quæ ad diuinam perfectionem pertinere <lb></lb>videantur, <expan abbr="abũdantem">abundantem</expan>: ex qua vita numeris omnibus abſolu<lb></lb>tissima cæleſtium <expan abbr="globorũ">globorum</expan> motus conſequitur: non enim Deus, <lb></lb>vt figulus rotam, it a manu, quam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> habet, cælum mouet, ſed <lb></lb>intellectu, & voluntate: ideo, per modum intellecti amati, ac <lb></lb>deſiderati; Conſiſtit ergo vita Dei perennis in actu intelligen<lb></lb>di, & amandi ſe ipſum: qui intelligendi, & amandi actus, eſt <lb></lb>quieti ſimilior, quam motui, vt diximus, & non in actu mouen <lb></lb>di quantumuis metaphorico; quibus de rebus, grauissimis illis, <lb></lb>& ſanctissimis quidem <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> agendum non eſt: præſertim cum <lb></lb>ſecundum veritatem verissimæ religionis noſtræ falſa ſint hæc; <lb></lb>quæ à ſacris Doctoribus scholasticis, vulgo appellatis, Ariſto<lb></lb>teli aſcribuntur: Roget quis: cum omnia grauia ad medium <lb></lb>ferantur, vtrum ne ad mundi medium ſuapte natura deſcen<lb></lb>dant, quæ graues ſunt terræ partes, quatenus vniuerſi <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <lb></lb>est, an quod terræ tantum est medium. </s> <s id="s.000441">Reſpondeo quamuis <lb></lb>totius mundi, & terræ medium idem eſſe contingat, terræ ta<lb></lb>men partes, quæ graues ſunt, non ad terræ, quatenus terræ, <lb></lb>ſed quatenus vniuerſi medium eſt, natura feruntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000442"><emph type="italics"></emph>Timæus Locrus in libro de anima mundi, & natura ab <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis ſententia alienus non videtur: qui graue, & leue <lb></lb>(inquit) iudicat tactus, & ratio definit ex inclinatione ad <lb></lb>medium, & à medio. </s> <s id="s.000443">Deorſum enim & medium ambo, id eſt <lb></lb>tactus & ratio, idem cenſent: nam globi <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> eſt deorſum, <lb></lb>quod est extra centrum ad extremum ambitum ſurſum: ad <lb></lb>quæ duo contraria loca grauia, & leuia ſimplicia corpora na<lb></lb>tura cientur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="60" xlink:href="011/01/080.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000444">Quid ſit, elementa à ſe per ſe moueri: in quo de <lb></lb>multiplici mouendi principio. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000445">Cap. XXXV.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000446">MVLTA <emph type="italics"></emph>hactenus diximus, quæ ad elementorum <lb></lb>naturam explicandam pertinere videbantur; <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> ad <lb></lb>ea explananda, par eſt, vt aggrediamur, quæ ad ele<lb></lb>mentorum motus principium agnoſcendum, nos, veluti manu <lb></lb>ducere poſſunt. </s> <s id="s.000447">Corpora ergo hæc elementorum ſimplicia mo<lb></lb>ueri à ſe per ſe, nihil eſt aliud, quam ea habere congenitum <lb></lb>principium intrinſecum ſui motus naturalis, & hoc <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <lb></lb>est duplex; quoddam primum, & <expan abbr="cõmunissimum">communissimum</expan> nempe na<lb></lb>tura, quæ est principium motus, & ſtatus, illius in quo eſt: pri<lb></lb>mum, & per ſe, non per aliud, alienaque vi, quod est per acci<lb></lb>dens: vt ſcripſit Ariſtoteles libro ſecundo de Phyſico auditu <lb></lb>particula tertia, de quo communissimo motionum principio <lb></lb>hic verba non facimus: quippe cum, per hoc principium, ſim<lb></lb>plicia à mixtis corporibus, in motu nulla ratione differant: <lb></lb>quandoquidem ſimplicium, & mixtorum naturæ, ac motio<lb></lb>nes à naturis manantes, ſub eamdem communem naturæ de<lb></lb>finitionem cadant: immo ratione huius primi, & communiſ<lb></lb>ſimi principij nulla eſt inter res, & motus naturales differen<lb></lb>tia: quod res naturales ſeu ſimplices, ſeu mixtæ, & <expan abbr="earũdem">earundem</expan> <lb></lb>naturalium rerum motiones, quibus ſuſque, deque aguntur, <lb></lb>huius primi communissimi principij complexu coerceantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000448"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hac eadem ratione cælum, quod & ipſum, vt vniuerſalis <lb></lb>cauſa elementa mouet, ſemper excipimus, quando particula<lb></lb>res <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> cauſas hic inueſtigare decreuimus. </s> <s id="s.000449">A cælo enim, <lb></lb>vt ab vniuerſali cauſa, reliqua omnia, dum naturam, & <expan abbr="vitã">vitam </expan><emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="61" xlink:href="011/01/081.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ita motum etiam habent à natura fluentem: id quod texta<lb></lb>tus est Ariſtoteles libro primo de cælo, & mundo particula <lb></lb>centeſima. </s> <s id="s.000450">Cælum enim omnia continens, cuncta moderatur, <lb></lb>& hanc elementorum vniuerſitatem recta ratione, ordine cer<lb></lb>to, & conſtanti <expan abbr="cõſtantia">conſtantia</expan> mouet immutabili: eſt autem ipſius <lb></lb>certa ratio, lex naturæ, ſumma quippe uis inſita in elemen<lb></lb>tis; cui naturæ legi, ceu Imperatori cuidam, dum mouentur <lb></lb>elementa, parent: & ſine qua, nec conſiſterent, nec moueren<lb></lb>tur, atque hæc quidem lex eſt, cum æterno <expan abbr="mũdo">mundo</expan> æterna apud <lb></lb>Aristotelem: Verùm apud Platonem in Timæo, vna cum <lb></lb>nato mundo nata è ſumma est mente, Deique numine immor<lb></lb>tali profecta. </s> <s id="s.000451">Ab hac vniuerſali naturæ lege à cælo particu<lb></lb>laris cuiuſque elementi natura, & lex communicatur: vt do<lb></lb>cta diſputatione confirmat Alexander Aphrodiſienſis libro <lb></lb>ſecundo quæstionum naturalium capite tertio. </s> <s id="s.000452">Ab hac par<lb></lb>ticulari <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> natura ſtabili, & rata particulari impe<lb></lb>tu elementa duci, motiones particulares perfici, vniuerſali, <lb></lb>ac Diuinæ legi naturæ obtemperare, & vna quaſi conſen<lb></lb>ſione, iussis ſupernæ legis contineri illius dicto parere, vt par <lb></lb>est, infra demonſtrabimus. </s> <s id="s.000453">Hoc alterum eſt particulare il<lb></lb>lud, & proprium motionis principium, quod in hac noſtra di<lb></lb>ſputatione inuenire contendimus; per quod corporum <expan abbr="ſimpliciũ">ſimplicium</expan> <lb></lb>naturæ, ac motiones, quibus ſimplicia corpora aut ſurſum, aut <lb></lb>deorſum concitantur, à mixtorum naturis, ac motionibus di<lb></lb>ſcrepant: quo principio ſimplicia corpora grauia, & leuia na<lb></lb>turali, ac proprio motu cientur. </s> <s id="s.000454">Hoc <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> proprium, & <lb></lb>particulare illudest, quod in hodiernam hanc <expan abbr="quæstionẽ">quæstionem</expan> vo<lb></lb>catur; dum quæritur, Vtrum ne <expan abbr="elemẽtorum">elementorum</expan> corpora ab hoc <lb></lb>particulari, ac proprio principio moueantur: an verò ab alio <lb></lb>extrinſeco incitentur. </s> <s id="s.000455">Porrò huius primi principij adhuc mul<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="62" xlink:href="011/01/082.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tæ ſunt differentiæ: & illius, quod actui primo, & illius, quod <lb></lb>actui ſecundo proportione reſpondet. </s> <s id="s.000456">Quoddam (exempli gra<lb></lb>tia) in actu intelligendi refert animam, quoddam verò ſcien<lb></lb>tiam, quorum vtroque intelligimus: ſed hoc alterum eſt vt ſub <lb></lb>stantia, alterum vt habitus. </s> <s id="s.000457">Principium, quod eſt vt ſubſtan<lb></lb>tia, duobus modis conſideratur: Primo vt actus primus, ſecun<lb></lb>do vt actus ſecundus: per actum primum nos formam intelli<lb></lb>gimus <expan abbr="efformãtem">efformantem</expan> materiam; dum in nullum opus egreditur, <lb></lb>ſed feriatur, ac ceſſat. </s> <s id="s.000458">Per actum ſecundum eamdem <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>intelligendam putamus, dum agendo facultatem innatam, & <lb></lb>vim propriam exerit: non autem ſolam formæ actionem: vt <lb></lb>alij complures intellexerunt, quorum errorem libro ſecundo <lb></lb>de anima demonſtrauimus: vt puer, in cuius corpore anima in <lb></lb>eſt, & dormit, particeps eſt actus primi, ſine ſecundo: porrò <lb></lb>cum in eo vigiliæ vigent, & primus actus ad aliquod opus egre<lb></lb>ditur, ſecundi actus iam factus eſt particeps. </s> <s id="s.000459">Elementorum <lb></lb>quies actui primo, cuius nullus est uſus, & qui ad opus non <lb></lb>redigitur; & eorumdem motus actui ſecundo, qui redactus <lb></lb>eſt ad opus, reſpondent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000460"><emph type="italics"></emph>Partitionis pars prior est Ariſtotelis libro ſecundo de ani<lb></lb>ma particula decima, pars poſterior est eiuſdem in eodem li<lb></lb>bro particula quinta. </s> <s id="s.000461">Tota partitio ex particula trigeſima<lb></lb>prima libri octaui Phyſicorum colligi poteſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000462"><emph type="italics"></emph>Motus illæ, qui eſt actus ſecundus de quo nunc agimus, ge<lb></lb>minus eſt: alter ad locum, alter eſt ad alias motionum ſpecies. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000463">Primus adhuc eſt duorum generum naturalis alter, alter vio<lb></lb>lentus. </s> <s id="s.000464">Naturalis motus illæ eſt, qui fit à principio intrinſeco, <lb></lb>quod nihil est aliud, quam natura. </s> <s id="s.000465">Violentus autem, cuius <lb></lb>cauſa, & principium est extrinſeus ad quod principium ex<lb></lb>trinſecus mouens, nihil adiumenti affert id quod impellitur: vt <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="63" xlink:href="011/01/083.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>dixit Ariſtoteles libro tertio Ethicorum capite primo. </s> <s id="s.000466">Mo<lb></lb>tus etiam ad locum alter à natura, alter ab arte fit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000467">Ex his, quæ hactenus diſputata fuerunt, totius con<lb></lb>quiſitionis caput explanatur. </s> <s id="s.000468">Cap. XXXVI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000469">DERELICTO <emph type="italics"></emph>ergo Diuino corpore, illius que perenni <lb></lb>motione, de iis corporibus ſimplicibus, quæ locum hunc <lb></lb>vniuerſum, qui ſub luna eſt, implent quæ vel grauia <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> <lb></lb>vel leuia, ſiue abſolutè, ſiue comparatè hic agimus; & eorum <lb></lb>dem motionum cauſas hoc loco inuestigamus: motus mixtos, <lb></lb>mixtorum corporum nunc non attingimus; ſiue animata ſint, <lb></lb>ſiue non: nam priora ab anima, poſteriora ab eo elemento mi<lb></lb>xto motu mouentur, quod in eis præualet, & nos non mixti, <lb></lb>ſed ſimplicis motus cauſas quærimus. </s> <s id="s.000470">Quæſtio igitur eſt: <expan abbr="vtrũ">vtrum</expan> <lb></lb>ne ſimplicia elementorum corpora habeant in ſe ipſis congeni<lb></lb>tum principium intrinſecum ſui motus ad locum, non ad alias <lb></lb>motionum ſpecies, naturalis, non violenti, nec ab arte manan<lb></lb>tis, non remotum, & maximè commune, ſed particulare, & <lb></lb>proximum; non quod tantum eſt, vt habitus, ſed etiam vt ſub<lb></lb>stantia, non actu ſolum primo, ſed actu ſecundo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000471"><emph type="italics"></emph>De capite quæſtionis hactenus: nunc promissionum ra<lb></lb>tio poſtulat, vt ad ſecundam controuerſiæ <lb></lb>partem eadem methodo abſoluen<lb></lb>dam aggrediamur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="64" xlink:href="011/01/084.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000472">FERDINANDO MEDICI <lb></lb>CARDINALI AMPLISSIMO.</s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000473"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hieronymus Borrius. </s> <s id="s.000474">S.D.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000475">Ego verò (Cardinalis Ampliſſime) plenam illam <lb></lb>tractationem edere maluiſſem, quam pluribus la<lb></lb>boribus, <expan abbr="multorumq.">multorumque</expan> annorum vigiliis in globo<lb></lb>rum cęleſtium naturam compoſui: Illam enim & <lb></lb>ætati meę iam iam ingraueſcenti, & ad cęleſtia Re<lb></lb>gna maturanti, ac tibi, qui Cardinalis es, magis <expan abbr="cõ-uenire">con<lb></lb>uenire</expan> <expan abbr="videbã">videbam</expan>, & nonnullam afferre poſſe delecta<lb></lb>tionem, ſi eamdem vel ſemel tantum legiſſes, exiſtimabam, tum ob an<lb></lb>tiquitatis <expan abbr="innouationẽ">innouationem</expan>, quę temporum iniuria collapſa perierat, tum <lb></lb>ob multiplicem variarum rerum tractationem, ſine quibus cęleſtium <lb></lb>corporum naturæ & uires neque intelligi, <expan abbr="neq.">neque</expan> vlla ratione explicari <lb></lb>poſſunt. </s> <s id="s.000476">Verum cum ego omni diligentia cæteris ſatisfecerim omni<lb></lb>bus, qui illam legerunt, mihi ipſe numquam ſatisfacio: ſemper enim <lb></lb>aliquid meditanti ſe offert, quod ad nouam dubitationem <expan abbr="animũ">animum</expan> exci<lb></lb>tet, <expan abbr="meq.">meque</expan> ad <expan abbr="editionẽ">editionem</expan> currentein remoretur: <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan> voluminis edendi <lb></lb>conſilium etiam retinet rei medicæ non tantum priuatim factitandæ, <lb></lb>ſed & in tuo florentiſſimo Piſano Gymnaſio de ſuperiore eodemque <lb></lb><expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> primo loco publicè profitendę neceſſitas, Dum cœptum mu<lb></lb>nus perhoneſtum & graue abſoluere maturo, ecce adeſt interpellator <lb></lb>puer, qui ſcribentem non modo ſæpe interdiu, ſed etiam ſæpiſſimè in <lb></lb>tempeſtiua nocte à libris auocat, ab hoc vel illo nobili <expan abbr="ęgrotãte">ęgrotante</expan> accer<lb></lb>ſiri nuncians. </s> <s id="s.000477">At dum hæc mea monumenta purgare contendo, nolui <lb></lb><expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> per tenuiſſimas meas vires licet, non aliqua in re niti, vt par<lb></lb>uum hoc grati animi erga te mei <expan abbr="ſpecimẽ">ſpecimen</expan> ederetur, rude illud quidem <lb></lb>& inchoatum, ita tamen elaboratum, vt vtrum ne hi vngues muſipu<lb></lb>lam, an futurum leonem <expan abbr="portendãt">portendant</expan>, facile intelligatur: iidem ſi muſi<lb></lb>pulam indignam, quę à tanto Cardinale probetur, pręſetulerint, exclu<lb></lb>dentur: ſi leonem ad rem cœptam alacrius abſoluendam tuoque no<lb></lb>mini dicandam maiores animi aſſumentur: quod optimo iure tibi <lb></lb>pręſtare debeo, quia tu ſola tua <expan abbr="beneficẽtia">beneficentia</expan> me ſic extuliſti, vt quicquid <lb></lb>eſt in me honoris, quicquid gloriæ, id totum tibi de me quam optimè <lb></lb>merito deberi, & intelligam, & libentiſſimè prędicem: accipe igitur, <lb></lb>quę tua eſt humanitas, libri huius de grauium, & leuium motu ſecun<lb></lb>dam hanc partem, & à me qui totus in tuo ære ſum, tuaque in laude <lb></lb>omni ſtudio cogitationeque defixus, alia breui expecta. </s> <s id="s.000478">Vale. </s> </p> <pb pagenum="65" xlink:href="011/01/085.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> </chap> <chap> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000479">SECVNDA PARS <lb></lb>PERIPATETICAE <lb></lb>DISPVTATIONIS</s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000480">DE MOTV GRAVIVM. <lb></lb>ET LEVIVM</s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000481">AVCTORE HIERONYMO BORRIO <lb></lb>Philoſopho, ac Medico Arretino.</s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000482"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ab eodem in Almo Piſano Gymnaſio publicè <lb></lb>profitente diſputata.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000483">Secunda pars princeps, in ſuas & ipſa partes <lb></lb>diſtribuitur. </s> <s id="s.000484">Caput I.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000485">SECVNDA <emph type="italics"></emph>Pars in duas paruas <lb></lb>particulas diuiditur: in priore par<lb></lb>ticula huius ſecundæ partis, vete<lb></lb>rum Philoſophorum opiniones bre<lb></lb>uissimè confutabuntur, in parti<lb></lb>cula posteriore, ea, quam Ariſto<lb></lb>telis ſententiam credimus, quo ef<lb></lb>ficacius fieri poterit, confirmabi<lb></lb>tur: posterior pars in ſuas & ipſa partes ſuo loco diuidetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000486"><emph type="italics"></emph>Primo ergo falſas veterum opiniones, quas de <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <lb></lb>vniuerſitate, & de ignis, ac terræ loco, quiete, ac motu potissi<lb></lb>mum habuerunt, refutare oportet: & quoniam non omnes <lb></lb>eamdem ſententiam probauerunt, ſed alij aliam pro diuerſa <lb></lb>voluntate confirmauerunt, compluribus popularibus Philoſo<lb></lb>phis conſultè omissis, ad eos tantum repellendos aggrediamur, <lb></lb>quorum ſententiæ (vt mihi videor) aliquod <expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan> habent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="66" xlink:href="011/01/086.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000487">Nec Epicurum, nec Anaximenem, nec alios, qui <lb></lb>infinitatem in mundum introduxerunt, eſſe <lb></lb>confutandos, interea tamen breuiſsi<lb></lb>mè confutantur. </s> <s id="s.000488">Cap. II.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000489">EPICVRVS, <emph type="italics"></emph>quem & complures alij ſecuti fuerunt, <lb></lb>qui vniuerſum infinitum eſſe exiſtimauerunt, hac dere <lb></lb>nullam mentionem facere potuerunt: cum in eo, quod eſt <lb></lb>infinitum nulli ſint extremi fines, ad quos nullaque me dia per <lb></lb>quæ elementorum vniuerſitates istæ, aut earumdem partes <lb></lb>ferantur: & in quibus conſiſtant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000490"><emph type="italics"></emph>Anaximenes etiam. </s> <s id="s.000491">qui licet mundum omnino infinitum <lb></lb>non faciat: infinitum tamen aerem mundi principium conſti<lb></lb>tuit, vnde ſequitur; vt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> motus neceſſariò ſit infinitus: nam <lb></lb>infiniti corporis motus finitus non est, ideo illos prætermitten<lb></lb>dos putamus, & in eos confutandos eſt omnis oratio noſtra <expan abbr="cõ-uertenda">con<lb></lb>uertenda</expan>, qui mundum finitum eſſe putauerunt vt Empedo<lb></lb>cles, Anaximander, Anaxagoras, Democritus Plato: qui <lb></lb>omnes terræ vniuerſitatem in medio mundi verè collocaue<lb></lb>runt, vt ibi quieſcat; ſed ratione diuerſa: nec propterea per<lb></lb>petuo ſilentio inuoluendi ſunt illi, qui terram in cælo, & ignem <lb></lb>in mundi medio locatum eſſe voluerunt: ſed ante alios con<lb></lb>futandi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000492">Aduerſus Pythagoram, qui terram in cælo, & <lb></lb>ignem in medio poſuit. </s> <s id="s.000493">Cap. III.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000494">PYTHAGORAS <emph type="italics"></emph>ignem in media mundi ſede loca<lb></lb>tum eſſe voluit: terram autem, quam stellarum vnam <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="67" xlink:href="011/01/087.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>eſſe finxit, in cælo ſitam: non vt ibi quieſcat, ſed vt peren<lb></lb>ni conuerſione rotunda circum medium lata, diem, ac noctem <lb></lb>efficiat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000495"><emph type="italics"></emph>Præterea aliam terram fabricauit contrariam: quam<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἀντίχθονα</foreign> <emph type="italics"></emph>id eſt, aduerſam nominauit: idque quibus potius <lb></lb>rationibus confirmare nixus, longam orationem contexuit: di<lb></lb>xit enim Nobilissimo corpori nobilissimus locus, in quo custo<lb></lb>diatur, natura debetur: at ignis omnium elementorum est <lb></lb>nobilissimus, locus ergo, qui cæteris nobilitate præſtet, in quo <lb></lb>cuſtodiri, & conſeruari possit, igni natura debetur: hic est <lb></lb>locus mundi medius: ignis ergo, & non terra, eſt in medio <expan abbr="mũ-di">mun<lb></lb>di</expan> locatus, qui etiam est terminus, & finis, ideo præstantior <lb></lb>corporibus, quæ ab illo terminantur, ac finiuntur: ex quibus <lb></lb>concludentes, non credunt terram in medio mundi eſſe loca<lb></lb>tam, ſed ignem. </s> <s id="s.000496">Appellant autem Pythagorei hunc medium <lb></lb>ignis locum, Iouis cuſtodiam; quod maxima cum diligentia <lb></lb>præcipua pars vniuerſi cuſtodienda ſit, qualis eſt medius mun<lb></lb>di locus igni natura tributus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000497"><emph type="italics"></emph>At ſi Pythagorei animaduertiſſent medium duobus mo<lb></lb>dis dici, in hos ſcopulos non impegiſſent. </s> <s id="s.000498">Medium enim dici<lb></lb>tur: primo de medio magnitudinis, ſecundo de rei, atque na<lb></lb>turæ ipſius medio. </s> <s id="s.000499">Magnitudinis medium, in hominibus erit <lb></lb>vmbilicus, à quo cibi reliquiæ, & corporis excrementa, & ſor<lb></lb>des cuſtodiuntur: ideo hoc medium magnitudinis non potest <lb></lb>eſſe perfectum. </s> <s id="s.000500">Medium autem rei & naturæ in eiſdem ho<lb></lb>minibus est locus ſubter præcordia, vbi cor eſt; vitæ <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, <lb></lb>ibi nullæ cibi reliquiæ conſeruantur, nullæque ſordes cuſtodiun<lb></lb>tur, ſed purissimus ſanguis, ac ſpiritus; Idem eſt de vniuerſo <lb></lb>affirmandum. </s> <s id="s.000501">Medium magnitudinis in vniuerſo eſt <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>; <lb></lb>quod vile admodum eſt: ſed rei & naturæ medium illud est,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="68" xlink:href="011/01/088.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>in quo eſt vitæ principium, à quo vniuerſa habent, vt fiant, & <lb></lb>conſeruentur. </s> <s id="s.000502">hic est locus primi mobilis, in cælo: & locus, qui <lb></lb>eſt ſub luna infra cælum, ibi ignem locatum eſſe dicimus: hic <lb></lb>est locus præſtantissimus, qui habet rationem finis, & termi<lb></lb>ni; ideo præſtantior eſt eo, quod finitur, ac terminatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000503"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex his ad formam argumenti: Totum primum argumen<lb></lb>tum detur, cum vltra progrediantur, ac dicunt: hic eſt locus <lb></lb>mundi medius: adde, id est medius rei, & naturæ, & non ma<lb></lb>gnitudinis, prior locus finit, ac terminat: posterior finitur, ac <lb></lb>terminatur: ideo prior nobilissimo igni natura debetur: po<lb></lb>ſterior imperfectissimæ terræ, vt eò tendat, at que ibi quieſcat. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000504">Nec potest terra eſſe in cælo: quod cælum æternum à caduca <lb></lb>terræ materia coinquinatum, interire cogeretur. </s> <s id="s.000505">Nec per me <lb></lb>diam cæli ſubſtantiam poteſt terra conuerti, ne cælum ſcinda<lb></lb>tur; & ne corpus ab alio corpore penetretur. </s> <s id="s.000506">Nec inter duos <lb></lb>cæleſtes globos valet terra moueri; quia locus ibi medius, qui <lb></lb>ſit plenus, non eſt: cum ibi præter cælum nullum aliud corpus <lb></lb>eſſe queat, à quo ſpacium illud impleatur. </s> <s id="s.000507">Non eſt etiam ibi <lb></lb>ſpacium inane: quia præter quam quod inane ſpacium nulli<lb></lb>bi datur, ſicubi daretur, elementa in eo non mouerentur; vt <lb></lb>infra demonstrabimus. </s> <s id="s.000508">Nec cælum currenti terræ cederet, ſi <lb></lb>per illud cieretur: vt aqua natantibus piſcibus, & aer volan<lb></lb>tibus auibus cedit: quoniam id ſi dederimus, dabimus etiam <lb></lb>cælum dilatari, & conſtringi, rare fieri, & denſari poſſe, eam <lb></lb>ob rem interitui eſſe obnoxium, quia ſine anterioris aeris, & <lb></lb>aquæ denſatione, & ſine poſterioris aeris, & aquæ rarefactio<lb></lb>ne, quæ præcedit aqua, et qui præcedit aer, ab auibus, & piſci<lb></lb>bus impulſus, impellentibus auibus, & piſcibus non cedit. </s> <s id="s.000509">Non <lb></lb>cedit etiam ſine rarefactione aeris, & aquæ mobilium terga <lb></lb>ſequentis, neceſſe eſt enim hæc duo corpora rarefacta mobile <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="69" xlink:href="011/01/089.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>conſequi; vt vacuum à mobili derelictum impleant, quæ ſi ve<lb></lb>ra ſunt: verum etiam erit cælum eſſe morti paratum: quod <lb></lb>hæ mutationes non niſi in corporibus quæ orta cadunt inue<lb></lb>niantur. </s> <s id="s.000510">Idem est etiam motus totius, & partis. </s> <s id="s.000511">ſi totum ſit <lb></lb>homogeneum id est conſimilium partium, vt terram eſſe ne<lb></lb>mo ambigit: at videmus quaslibet terræ partes extra <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> <lb></lb>ſitas ad <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> ferri: ergo & tota terra extra centrum poſi<lb></lb>ta, ad <expan abbr="cẽtrum">centrum</expan> feretur, vt ibi quieſcat, nulla autem pars terræ <lb></lb>circumuoluitur: ergo nec tota terra circumuoluitur; ſed ad <lb></lb>mundi centrum tendit; vt ibi quieſcat. </s> <s id="s.000512">Non ergo potest eſſe <lb></lb>in cælo terra, nec cum rotundo cælo poteſt in orbem conuerti, <lb></lb>ſed immota ſtat in centro ad quod mouetur. </s> <s id="s.000513">Id cum Plato in <lb></lb>Timæo, & Phædone vidiſſet, dixit, Terram quaſi alliga<lb></lb>tam in centro quieſcere.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000514">Contra Heraclydem, Nicætum, Ariſtarcum, Ze<lb></lb>nophanem, Phylolaum, Thaletem, & alios, <lb></lb>qui diuerſa de terræ quiete, ac motu <lb></lb>dixerunt. </s> <s id="s.000515">Cap. IIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000516">MVLTO <emph type="italics"></emph>fœdius lapſus eſt Heraclydes Ponticus, Ni<lb></lb>cetus Siracuſanus, & Ariſtarcus, ac Phylolaus: quos <lb></lb>etiam Plato in Timæo ſequutus videtur, ſed obſcu<lb></lb>rius. </s> <s id="s.000517">Hi totam terram in medio locatam, circum mediam mo<lb></lb>ueri, cælum autem quieſcere crediderunt: quibus cum ſenſus <lb></lb>aduerſetur, non eſt cur in eis confutandis frustra tempus con<lb></lb>teratur: verum vt nihilin hac nostra diſputatione ſit immi<lb></lb>nutum rem paucis abſoluemus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000518"><emph type="italics"></emph>Primo ergo cælum in orbis abſoluti ſpeciem efformatum <lb></lb>ſtare non poſſe, sed circum terram in centro manentem rotun<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="70" xlink:href="011/01/090.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>da conuerſione incitari, inde intelligimus; quod ſi cælum ſtaret <lb></lb>stellæ in eodem ſemper loco ſpectarentur: illæ tamen, quæ <lb></lb>nunc ſunt in ortu, mox erunt in occaſu: ergo cælum non ſtat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000519"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo ſitus terrarum perpetui id ipſum demonstrant; <lb></lb>hi ad Aquilonem, Auſtrumue, ad Ortum, aut Occaſum ſem<lb></lb>per vergunt: ergo dum cælum motu agitatur, qui fit in or<lb></lb>bem, immota terra manebit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000520"><emph type="italics"></emph>Zenophanes Colophonius infinitam terræ profunditatem <lb></lb>commentus, vt eam quieſcere probaret, dixit. </s> <s id="s.000521">In parte infe<lb></lb>riori radices infinitas terram habere, & eam ob rem fieri, vt <lb></lb>moueri non queat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000522"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hanc opinionem ratus eſt Ariſtoteles libro ſecundo de cæ<lb></lb>lo indignam, quæ refellatur: cum ſit omni ex parte abſur<lb></lb>da, & ſenſui aduerſetur, nihilin ea probetur, & ante quam <lb></lb>infinitis radicibus terra fulciretur, an <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> daretur diſpu<lb></lb>tandum fuerat: quod cum à Zenophane minimè factum ſit <lb></lb>Zenophanes id quod er at in principio petiit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000523"><emph type="italics"></emph>Thales Mileſius à Sacerdotibus Aegyptiis opinionem <lb></lb>aliam, & longè diuerſam, accepit: ea eſt: vt terra ab aqua <lb></lb>ſuſtineatur, non aliter, atque lignum, quod aquæ innatat, & <lb></lb>in aere non quieſcit; qui tamen ab aqua ſuſtinetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000524"><emph type="italics"></emph>Huic opinioni poteſt occurri primo: quod illius auctores <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>probauerint quid illud ſit, quod terram ſuſpenſam in ſublimi <lb></lb>teneat: quæ grauis eſt, & ſuopte nixu deorſum ruit, niſi im<lb></lb>pediatur: docendum enim fuerat à quo nam terræ motus im<lb></lb>pediretur, miror <expan abbr="equidẽ">equidem</expan> à tanto viro hoc prætermiſſum fore.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000525"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo, quia quæ ſunt leuior a ſuperius ſuapte natura lo<lb></lb>cantur: & quæ ſunt grauiora in inferiore ſede ponuntur: <lb></lb>verum aqua terram leuitate ſuperat: ergo ſuperiore in ſede <lb></lb>ſupra terram, & non ſub terra locanda fuerat; quod ſanè<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="71" xlink:href="011/01/091.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>perpendendum erat etiam ab iis, qui ſuauissimum Philoſo<lb></lb>phiæ fontem vix ſupremis labris attigiſſent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000526"><emph type="italics"></emph>Tertio ſinatur a hoc vniuerſitati terræ præſtitit, vt in aqua <lb></lb>maneat, ita vt ab ea ſustineatur, vt ab aqua ligna ſustinen<lb></lb>tur, non est dubium quin in vnicuique etiam terræ partium <lb></lb>hoc natura tribuerit, quod factum non animaduertimus; ſed <lb></lb>potius contrarium accidit: quælibet enim terræ pars ad infi<lb></lb>nitum locum mouetur eoque maiori celeritate quo fuerit ma<lb></lb>ior: ergo & tota terræ vniuerſitas ad eumdem infinitum lo<lb></lb>cum mouebitur: cum idem ſit locus totius, quod conſimiles <lb></lb>partes habet, & quarumlibet partium illius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000527"><emph type="italics"></emph>Cauſa quam ob rem Thales hoc dixit, fuit; quia differen<lb></lb>tiam ignorauit inter lignum, & terram: lignum aquæ ſuper<lb></lb>eminet; quia lignum paruis quibuſdam foraminibus, canali<lb></lb>buſque diſtinctum eſt, & tamquam venis internotatum, in qui<lb></lb>bus plurimum aeris continetur: quo fit vt lignum ab aere in <lb></lb>eius viſceribus contento ſuſpenſum aquæ ſupernatet: hoc cum <lb></lb>Thales minimè nouiſſet. </s> <s id="s.000528">quid mirum ſi id affirmauerit, <lb></lb>quod minimè affirmandum fuerat?<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000529">Aduerſus Anaximenem, Anaxagoram, Democri<lb></lb>tum, & alios, qui dixerunt: latitudinem cau<lb></lb>ſam eſſe, quamobrem terra quie<lb></lb>ſcat. </s> <s id="s.000530">Caput V.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000531">ANAXIMENES, <emph type="italics"></emph>Anaxagoras, Democritus, & alij, <lb></lb>latitudinem cauſam eſſe affirmauerunt: cur terra, <lb></lb>quæ est maximè plana, & maximè lata, quieſcat: exi<lb></lb>stimauerunt enim vniuerſi, quod rotundum eſt, totam terram <lb></lb>eſſe ſummè planam, & ſummè latam: & aliam partem eſſe <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="72" xlink:href="011/01/092.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſupra, aliam vero infra: ſupra eam eſſe, quam habitamus: <lb></lb>alteram, quam incolunt illi, qui aduerſis pedibus nobis nitun<lb></lb>tur (hos Antipodes vocant) putant eſſe infra: hæc quia obie<lb></lb>ctum aerem propter planam latitudinem ſuam diuidere, & <lb></lb>ſecare non potest, non mouetur: magis ipſum aerem præmit, <lb></lb>atque condenſat: quemadmodum omnia lata, & plana cor<lb></lb>pora facere conſueuerunt, quæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> modo ab aere, ſed ne auen<lb></lb>tis quidem depelli poſſunt propter firmitatem: ſed potius con<lb></lb>tra nituntur, & ventorum impetum, ita frangunt, vt quie<lb></lb>ſcat, qui à nullo, quod contra nitatur, alias impeditus exitum <lb></lb>inuenit, & libere volitat: aer, qui est terræ ſubiectus, liberum <lb></lb>atque patentem exitum non habet: ideo per omnem inferio<lb></lb>rem terræ amplam extremitatem diffuſus, cum apte locum <lb></lb>mutare non possit, conglobatus quieſcit. </s> <s id="s.000532">Hinc fit, vt ſtante in<lb></lb>feriore ſub terra aere, etiam terra ipſa ſupra aerem poſita <lb></lb>immota quieſcat. </s> <s id="s.000533">Poſſe conglobatum, & quietum aerem ma<lb></lb>gnum <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan> ſuſtinere, multis rationibus docent hac <expan abbr="potissimũ">potissimum</expan>, <lb></lb>quod exercitus, quantumuis numeroſi, ſuper inflatos vtres, <lb></lb>in pedibus ſtantes aliquando latissima flumina tranauerunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000534"><emph type="italics"></emph>Sed primo ab hac opinione nihil concluditur, niſi prius ter<lb></lb>ra eſſe lata, & plana demonſtretur, quod cum factum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſit, <lb></lb>immo potius terra alterius eſſe figuræ videatur certè ob eam <lb></lb>cauſam terra non quieſcet. </s> <s id="s.000535">Mundi enim, qui rotundam figu<lb></lb>ram habet infimus locus, qui deorſum dicitur, eſt centrum, ad <lb></lb>quem omnia grauia natura feruntur, & ſupremus est cæli lo<lb></lb>cus, quo omnia leuia ſuopte naturali impulſu, ac propria ſpon<lb></lb>te tendunt, quapropter neceſſe est, vt locus vterque, tam his, <lb></lb>qui a nobis habitatur, quam his, quem Antipodes incolunt, <lb></lb>ſit deorſum, & cælum ſit ſurſum. </s> <s id="s.000536">Apertum eſt etiam, in qui<lb></lb>buslibet terræ locis alios, atque alios eſſe Orizontes, & alia,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="73" xlink:href="011/01/093.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>atque alia apparere astra, & partem quamlibet terræ ad <lb></lb>indiuiduum centrum tendere, vndecumque moueatur, & ro<lb></lb>tundam figuram facere: rotunda eſt ergo, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> plana, atque <lb></lb>lata terræ figura, & omnes homines, vbicumque in terra exi <lb></lb>stant, deorſum eſſe, nullos autem ſurſum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000537"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo etiam, ſi quod volunt concluderetur, vt terra ſit <lb></lb>plana, non latitudo quietis eius cauſa eſſe probaretur, ſed ma<lb></lb>gnitudo potius. </s> <s id="s.000538">Nam anguſtum locum <expan abbr="cõpulſus">compulſus</expan>, concluſus, & <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõglobatus">conglobatus</expan> inferior aer, liberum, & <expan abbr="apertũ">apertum</expan> exitum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="habẽs">habens</expan>, <lb></lb>non propter latitudinem, ſed propter multitudinem quieſcit: <lb></lb>multus porrò eſt, qui ſub magna terræ mole constituitur, con<lb></lb>cretus, & conglobatus aer: Ergo idem multo facilius obtinere<lb></lb>tur, ſi terra globoſa ſit; modo tanta ſit eius magnitudo, quæ <lb></lb>ſubiacentem aerem repellere, premere, & conglobare possit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000539"><emph type="italics"></emph>Tertio ſi terra ſupra aerem <expan abbr="ſubiacentẽ">ſubiacentem</expan> quieſcit: ergo vio<lb></lb>lentia, nam corpus, quod eſt leuius, grauiori, non natura, ſed <lb></lb>violentia ſubiicitur: locum itaque inuenire debuiſſent, in quo <lb></lb>terra non violentia, ſed natura quieſceret; & ad quem na<lb></lb>tura feretur, quem non dum inuenerunt: nec, extra <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan>, <lb></lb>inuenire poterunt: Ergo, &c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000540">Empedoclis falſa ſententia tollitur, qui dixit à ce<lb></lb>lerrima cæli rotunda conuerſione terram ad <lb></lb>centrum trudi, & in centro quie<lb></lb>ſcere. </s> <s id="s.000541">Caput VI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000542">EMPEDOCLES, <emph type="italics"></emph>vt ſupra capite nono aliqua ex par <lb></lb>te attigimus, è cæli motu, qui in orbem celerrime fer<lb></lb>tur, terram deorſum trudi, atque circum centrum quie<lb></lb>ſcere, dixit: idque ratione confirmari ab Empedocle poterit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="74" xlink:href="011/01/094.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>Si duo ſint (ait Empedocles) motus quorum alter alteri celeri<lb></lb>tate præſtet, qui celerior eſt, minus celerem præcedit; eumdem <lb></lb>que ita cohibet, vt fieri non queat, vt aqua ex hydriis in or<lb></lb>bem ſæpe conuerſis, incitatissimeque contortis, non effluit, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>uis deorſum natura feratur, & hydriarum apertum labrum <lb></lb>infra ſit, quod motus, qui in orbem fit, motu recto celerior, mo<lb></lb>tum rectum præcedat, eumdemque prohibeat: ſed motus cæ<lb></lb>li, qui in orbem fit, est celerior motu terræ recto: ergo motum <lb></lb>terræ rectum præcedit, & eumdem impedit; quo minus fiat: <lb></lb>ergo cum cælum in orbem fertur, terra moueri non potest, <lb></lb>ſed ſtare compellitur. </s> <s id="s.000543">Hac ratione adductus Empedocles, <expan abbr="terrã">ter<lb></lb>ram</expan> ad centrum trudi, & in <expan abbr="cẽtro">centro</expan> conſiſtere ipſe ſibi perſuaſit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000544"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hæc opinio poteſt refelli, quia motus terræ ad medium, & <lb></lb>quies eius in medio violenta est: ergo terra ad locum extra <lb></lb>medium natura mouetur, & natura in illo quieſcit: nam mo<lb></lb>tui violento, & quieti violentæ naturalis motus, & quies na<lb></lb>turalis opponitur, & locus ad quem eſt motus naturalis, & in <lb></lb>quo eſt quies naturalis, ei loco opponitur, ad quem violentus fit <lb></lb>motus, & in quo violenta est quies: <expan abbr="violentũ">violentum</expan> enim id eſt, quod <lb></lb>contra naturam fit, vt ſupra ſæpe numero diximus: ergo ter<lb></lb>ra grauis ſurſum, quo leuia ferri ſolent, natura feretur, & in <lb></lb>loco ſuperiore natura quieſcet, quod ſi terræ ſurſum natura <lb></lb>fertur, & ibi natura quieſcit: quærendum eſt, quo ignis leuiſ<lb></lb>ſimus natura moueatur, & vbi natura maneat: ignem ad me <lb></lb>dium natura moueri, & in medio natura manere non ani<lb></lb>maduertimus, ſed violentia: immo quanto maior eſt ignis, tan<lb></lb>to celerius in ſublime fertur: ergo terra grauissima ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> <lb></lb>natura mouebitur, & in medio natura quieſcet, & ignis leuiſ<lb></lb>ſimus in ſublime natura aſcendet, ibique natura conſiſtet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000545"><emph type="italics"></emph>Præterea antequam quicquam à diſcordia prima vniuer<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="75" xlink:href="011/01/095.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſi parente diſcretum fuiſſet, ſed à concordia in vnum omnia <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb></lb>funderentur: quærendum fuerat ab Empedocle, à quo nam <lb></lb>terra ad mundi medium truderetur, non ab incitatissima cæ <lb></lb>li conuerſione rotunda trudi, nec ab eadem terræ motum im<lb></lb>pediri poterat, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> cælum à diſcordia ſegregatum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> erat, <lb></lb>ſed cum cæteris omnibus rebus confusè commixtum, terram <lb></lb>trudere, illiusque naturalem motum impedire non valebat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000546"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quærendum eſt etiam ab eodem Empedocle: ſi incitatissi<lb></lb>ma cæli conuerſio cauſa eſt; cur terra ad medium moueatur, <lb></lb>& in medio quieſcat, quamobrem, ab eadem celerrima cæli <lb></lb>conuerſione ignis ad <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> non trudatur? </s> <s id="s.000547">& cur ibi non quie<lb></lb>ſcat? </s> <s id="s.000548">cuius rei, cum nullam cauſam indicare possit: dignus <lb></lb>est, vt cum ſua ſententia exploſus, à Philoſophorum conſortio <lb></lb>recedat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000549"><emph type="italics"></emph>Dicendum est igitur ante conuerſionem grauia, & leuia <lb></lb>fuiſſe, & inter ſe diſtincta, naturalemque locum habuiſſe, ad <lb></lb>quem natura concit arentur, & in quo natura manerent: gra<lb></lb>uia ad medium deſcendere, & in medio quieſcere, & leuia ad <lb></lb>ſuperam huius inferioris mundi regionem natura ſubstolli, <lb></lb>& in eo loco natura quieſcere, vt infra demonstrabimus. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000550">Ratio Empedoclis nihil habet momenti: nam ordo vniuerſi, <lb></lb>qui grauium motum ad medium, & eorumdem quietem in <lb></lb>medio postulat, à violenta quantumuis celerrima cæli conuer<lb></lb>ſione expellente, non impeditur: hanc expulſionem, quam pro<lb></lb>bat Empedocles, vt terram trudat, eſſe violentam, ex duobus <lb></lb>intelligimus: primo, quia fit à diſcordia antiqua vniuerſi pa<lb></lb>rente, à qua nihil non <expan abbr="violentũ">violentum</expan> gignitur: ſecundo quia expul<lb></lb>ſionis motus inter ſpecies eorum motuum, quos Aristoteles, <lb></lb>libro ſeptimo Phyſicorum particula decima, violentos appel<lb></lb>lat, relata, naturalis eſſe non poteſt, ſed violenta: eadem re-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="76" xlink:href="011/01/096.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ctum elementorum motum naturalem ſubſequitur, & non <lb></lb>præcedit: nihil enim à ratioue magis alienum eſt, quam cum <lb></lb>motum, qui contra naturam fit, præcedere motum natura<lb></lb>lem, & naturalem motum impedire: nam ab eo quod natura <lb></lb>poſterius eſt, id quod eſt natura prius, quo adeſt natura prius, <lb></lb>impediri non potest. </s> <s id="s.000551">Inficianda est ergo Empedocleæ ratio<lb></lb>nis propoſitio maior: quia motus celerior minus celerem <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>non ſemper præcedit, nec ſemper quo minus fiat, eumdem im<lb></lb>pedit; præſertim, cum motus celerior est violentus, tardior ve <lb></lb>ro naturalis, quod Empedocli accidit, qui a violento impulſio<lb></lb>nis motu cæli terram ad centrum trudi voluit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000552">Anaximander confutatur, qui terram dixit in me<lb></lb>dio manere, quia ab extremis æqualiter <lb></lb>diſtat. </s> <s id="s.000553">Caput VII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000554">ANAXIMANDER <emph type="italics"></emph>terram in medio locatam eſſe, <lb></lb>& ibi ſtare confirmauit, quod æqualiter ab extremis <lb></lb>vndique distet, & eam ob rem non magis ad vnam, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ad aliam partem ferri poſſe: nihil enim eorum, quæ ſunt <lb></lb>in medio, & æqualiter ab extremis æquè diſtantibus, abest, <lb></lb>aut magis ad vnam, quam ad aliam partem ferri decet, aut <lb></lb>ad contraria ſimul moueri potest, id quod aliquando tetigiſſe <lb></lb>viſus est Plato in Timæo. </s> <s id="s.000555">At ſi cauſa quietis terræ in medio, <lb></lb>eſt quia terra ab extremis æqualiter distat: leuissimus ignis <lb></lb>in <expan abbr="mũdi">mundi</expan> centro locatus, ibi quieſcet: neceſſe eſt enim, vt eædem <lb></lb>res iisdem rebus ſint etiam eorumdem effectuum cauſæ, qui<lb></lb>bus cauſis in eſſe conſtitutis, & effectus ab eiſdem cauſis ma<lb></lb>nantes omnino ſequuntur, vt oriente sole oritur lux: eo occi<lb></lb>dente lux occidit, ſed æqualiter diſtare ab extremis, eſt cau-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="77" xlink:href="011/01/097.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſa quare terra quieſcat in medio: ergo ſi in medio ignis loce<lb></lb>tur, in medio quieſcet, quia ab extremis æqualiter diſtabit: <lb></lb>quod ſi falſum eſt, & abſurdum; falſum, & abſurdum id <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>erit, ex quo hæc falſa, & abſurda ſequuntur. </s> <s id="s.000556">Commentitia <lb></lb>etiam Anaximandri ratio eſt, vt ſunt illæ, quibus Sophistæ <lb></lb>vtuntur: dum aiunt capillum, qui conſimilium partium eſt, <lb></lb>& vehementer quidem, ſed ex æquo, omni ex parte, tenditur: <lb></lb>non diſruptum iri, etiam ſi validissmè tendatur, ideo non ma<lb></lb>gis in hac, quam in illa parte frangi poterit: cum omnes par<lb></lb>tes conſimiles ſint, & ſimili modo extenſæ; Aiunt etiam <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <lb></lb>qui valde ſitit, & exurit, & pariter vtrumque deſideret, & <lb></lb>ab exculentis, & poculentis æqualiter abeſt, ſiti, & fame pe<lb></lb>riturum: quoniam non magis ad eſculentum, quam ad pocu<lb></lb>lentum capiendum mouebitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000557"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hæ Sophiſtarum captiones facilè <expan abbr="diluũiur">diluuntur</expan>; Capillus enim <lb></lb>in medio diſrumpetur, vbi extenſionis vis maxima nititur, & <lb></lb>exuriens, & ſitiens vt libuerit, ad alterutrum exculentum, <lb></lb>& poculentum capiendum conuertetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000558"><emph type="italics"></emph>Neganda eſt ergo Anaximandri propoſitio prima; Non <lb></lb>enim verè enunciamus, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> dicimus. </s> <s id="s.000559">Quod ab extremis æqua<lb></lb>liter diſt at, non mouetur. </s> <s id="s.000560">Ad Sophiſtas dicendum, non ſequi <lb></lb>capillum in nulla parte diſruptum iri, quia extenditur; nega<lb></lb>ri etiam possit antecedens.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000561"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quia æqualiter capillus ille non extenditur, in cuius me<lb></lb>dio extenſionis vis maxima nitetur; Nec ſequitur, qui fame, <lb></lb>& ſiti ex æquo afficitur, ergo nec ad exculentum, nec ad po<lb></lb>culentum ſi æqualiter abſint, conuertetur: quia conuerſio hæc <lb></lb>naturalis non est, ſed à libera voluntate pendet, ideo ad alte<lb></lb>rutrum prout libuerit capiendum accedet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000562"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hæc contra illos ſunt dicta, qui terram aut in medio quie-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="78" xlink:href="011/01/098.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſcere, aut in cælo moueri aſſeuerarunt, nunc ad illos confu<lb></lb>tandos aggrediemur, qui terram circum medium moueri <lb></lb>credunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000563">Illorum falſa ſententia refellitur, qui <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> circum <lb></lb>medium moueri rebantur, & Heraclytea opi<lb></lb>nio euertitur, qui bonum, & malum cauſas <lb></lb>eſſe cenſuit, à quibus ignis rerum om<lb></lb>nium materiale principium, vt <lb></lb>& alia omnia moueantur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000564">Caput VIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000565">ILLI, <emph type="italics"></emph>qui terram circum medium moueri crediderunt, <lb></lb>hac potissimum ratione exploduntur: idem eſt naturalis <lb></lb>motus totius, & partium, modo conſimiles ſint partes to<lb></lb>tius, & quælibet eædemque conſimiles terræ partes non in or<lb></lb>bem feruntur, ſed ad centrum natura deſcendunt: ergo tota <lb></lb>terra in orbem non fertur, ſed ad centrum natura deſcendit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000566">Aut duo motus naturales eiuſdem naturalis corporis erunt, <lb></lb>alter ad medium, alter circum medium, ſedita comparatum <lb></lb>eſt à natura, vt vnius corporis ſimplicis vnicus ſit motus ſim<lb></lb>plex, & vnius motus ſimplicis ſit vnicum corpus ſimplex, vt di<lb></lb>ctum eſt libro primo de cælo, & mundo; terræ autem partes <lb></lb>ſimplices deorſum natura feruntur; ergo & tota terra deor<lb></lb>ſum natura feretur, quo ſingulas totius terræ partes natura <lb></lb>ferri diximus: ergo non in orbem vniuerſitas totius terræ na<lb></lb>tura conuertitur, quæ ſi in orbem conuerteretur, non natura, <lb></lb>ſed violentia circumuolueretur. </s> <s id="s.000567">At nullum violentum poteſt <lb></lb>eſſe diuturnum, ac <expan abbr="ſempiternũ">ſempiternum</expan>, ergo motus terræ circum cen<lb></lb>trum diuturnus, ac ſempiternus non erit: verum certè vni-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="79" xlink:href="011/01/099.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>uerſi constitutio, ordo, & ornatus æternus eſt, non igitur ter<lb></lb>ra aut violenter, aut natura circum centrum in orbem moue<lb></lb>tur; ſed ad totius mundi centrum tota terra ſuopte nutu ten<lb></lb>dit, quo ſingulas totius terræ partes ferri videmus: hæc ex <lb></lb>Aristotele in calce libri ſecundi de cælo, & mundo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000568"><emph type="italics"></emph>Heracyltus bonum, & malum vniuerſi efficientes, atque <lb></lb>mouentes cauſas eſſe cenſuit, à quibus ignis, rerum <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> ma<lb></lb>teriale principium cieretur. </s> <s id="s.000569">Hic dixit bonum, & malum in <lb></lb>vnum conuenerunt, inſtar arcus & cordæ in liram, & ignem <lb></lb>mouerunt. </s> <s id="s.000570">Heraclyteam hanc ſententiam falſam eſſe natura <lb></lb>mali demonstrat, quæ nullius ordinis, ſed potius <expan abbr="cõfuſionis">confuſionis</expan>, nul<lb></lb>lius boni, ſed potius mali eſt cauſa; at ignis motus vnà cum <lb></lb>rerum vniuerſa natura bona eſt ordinatus: non ergo aut ignis <lb></lb>agitatio, aut vniuerſi ordo à mali natura pendet, quæ nullius <lb></lb>ordinis, nulliusque bonitatis efficiens cauſa eſſe potest.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000571"><emph type="italics"></emph>Heraclytea hæc ſententia ad modum rationi <expan abbr="conſentaneũ">conſentaneum</expan> <lb></lb>paruo negocio redigetur, ab eo, qui dixerit: bonum, id eſt for<lb></lb>ma, quæ omnis bonitatis eſt auctor; ideo boni, optimi, diuini, et <lb></lb>expetendi rationem habere creditur ab Ariſtotele libro pri<lb></lb>mo Phyſicorum particula octuageſimaprima, & à diuino Pla<lb></lb>tone in Timæo, & malum id est materia, quæ est omnium <lb></lb>malorum radix, vt iidem Philoſophi in eodem loco literis <expan abbr="mã-darunt">man<lb></lb>darunt</expan>, & magnus Plotinus in libro cui titulus eſt. </s> <s id="s.000572">Vnde ma<lb></lb>la: in vnum, id eſt in concretum vnum <expan abbr="cõuenerunt">conuenerunt</expan>; inſtar ar<lb></lb>cus, & cordæ in liram, id est; ſicut ex arcu, & corda in vnam <lb></lb>liram conuenientibus, conſonantia naſcitur: ita ex materia, <lb></lb>quæ habet rationem mali, & ex forma, quæ boni naturam <lb></lb>quam optimè redolet, in vnum concretum coeuntibus, concre<lb></lb>tum gignitur; & ſicut ex arcu & corda ab vna lira ſepara<lb></lb>tis concentus diſſoluitur; ita ſi à concreto materia mala, &<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="80" xlink:href="011/01/100.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>forma bona ſeparetur, bonum concreti eſſe, & armonia con<lb></lb>ſonantiæ natura finitur. </s> <s id="s.000573">Heraclyti opinio hoc modo expoſita, <lb></lb>ab Ariſtotelis, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Platonis verissma ſententia aliena <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> est. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000574">An verò Heraclytus id ipſum voluerit alio loco diſputabitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000575">Contra Chaos antiquum Heſiodi, Platonis, & Her<lb></lb>metis Triſmegiſti, de quo ſupra capite pri<lb></lb>mæ partis vndecimo nonnulla ex par<lb></lb>te egimus. </s> <s id="s.000576">Caput IX.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000577">HESIODVS, <emph type="italics"></emph>ac Diuinus Plato in Timæo, & ante il<lb></lb>lum Hermes Triſmegistus Philoſophorum omnium <lb></lb>pater in libris, <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> titulus eſt. </s> <s id="s.000578">Pimander, & Aſcle<lb></lb>pius, elementa omnia fluctuantia ante conditum mundum <lb></lb>in quamdam rudem molem, atque informem, quam Chaos vo<lb></lb>carunt confusè, & inordinatè iactata fuiſſe dixerunt, ac <expan abbr="Deũ">Deum</expan> <lb></lb>indigeſtam illam elementorum confuſionem, ſua præcellenti <lb></lb>bonitate artificiosè expoliuiſſe, elegantissimeque digessiſſe, & <lb></lb>adeam, quam cernimus, & admiramur pulcherrimam ſpe<lb></lb>ciem perduxiſſe aſſeuerarunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000579"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quod ab horrenda illa vmbra, quam Hermes Triſmegi<lb></lb>ſtus in principio libri, cui titulus eſt. </s> <s id="s.000580">Pimander viderat, fortè <lb></lb>traxerunt. </s> <s id="s.000581">Quid enim hac inordinata omnium elementorum <lb></lb>deformi, malique rationem habente confuſione humana ratio <lb></lb>excogitare potest horrendius? </s> <s id="s.000582">certè nihil: Nam Heſiodi, & <lb></lb>Orphei obſcurissima nox eſt hac informi, inordinataque iacta<lb></lb>tione magis horrenda? </s> <s id="s.000583">minimè quidem. </s> <s id="s.000584">Lege omnium vete<lb></lb>rum Philoſophorum monumenta, librum præſertim Magni <lb></lb>Plotini, cui titulus eſt. </s> <s id="s.000585">Vnde mala, & librum Procli de ani<lb></lb>ma, & dæmone; & nihil inordinata informique confuſione <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="81" xlink:href="011/01/101.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>peius, nihil horrendius excogitari poſſe, inuenies: mirandum <lb></lb>ergo non fuerit, ſi Plato, Orpheus, & Heſiodus ab illa hor<lb></lb>renda Triſmegisti vmbra Chaos confuſum, atque inordina<lb></lb>tum fortè traxerunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000586"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hi grauiter (mea quidem ſententia) peccauerunt, quod <lb></lb>explanare ante debuerint; Chaos ipſum vnde, quando, quo<lb></lb>modo eſſe, aut constare cœpiſſet, & quod ne verbum quidem <lb></lb>fecerint de illis, quæ ad totam motus quæſtionem pertinerent; <lb></lb>A quo nam ille tunc temporis fieret inordinatus motus con<lb></lb>fuſionis, & quis nam eſſet ille: hoc eſt rectus ne, an in orbem, <lb></lb>an potius ex vtroque commixtus, mixtus eſſe non poterat: quo<lb></lb>niam mixtus non eſt, niſi ſimplices fuerint, è quorum mixtio<lb></lb>ne naſcatur, at ſimplices motus non dum erant, vt pote ſim<lb></lb>plicibus elementis diſtinctis, & cælo quorum proprij ſunt mo<lb></lb>tus ſimplices (vt demonstratum est libro primo de cælo) non <lb></lb>exiſtentibus, ſed confusè commixtis, nulloque ordine iactatis <lb></lb>informiſque cuiuſdam confuſæ materiæ <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> gerentibus; quæ <lb></lb>motu cieri apta non eſt; cum actu ſit oporteat, quod mouetur, <lb></lb>vt autem moueri poſſe videatur, cauſa mouens assignanda <lb></lb>erat: quandoquidem informis materia ſe non moueat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000587"><emph type="italics"></emph>Explicanda etiam illis fuerant motuum genera, id est, <lb></lb>num illa omnium confuſio ad ſubſtantiam, num ad quantita<lb></lb>tem, num ad qualitatem, num ad locum concitaretur, qua<lb></lb>tuor enim iſta ſunt motuum genera ex libro tertio de Phyſico <lb></lb>auditu, quæ cum motore, ſine quo non fit motus, explicanda <lb></lb>neceſſariò fuerant. </s> <s id="s.000588">Dicere cogebantur, ſi negocium vniuer<lb></lb>ſum abſoluere voluerant, quamobrem motus illius confuſio na<lb></lb>ſceretur, cum omne quod mouetur, alicuius gratia moueatur; <lb></lb>cur item quædam ſurſum, quædam deorſum, quædam ante, <lb></lb>quædam pone cierentur: cum in ea inordinata confuſione nul<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="82" xlink:href="011/01/102.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>læ locorum differentiæ inuenirentur. </s> <s id="s.000589">Dicendum item fuerat <lb></lb>illis, cuiuſmodi fuiſſet primus ille motus, num naturalis, an vio <lb></lb>lentus: magni enim intereſt, natura ne, an vis illum concilia<lb></lb>rit: naturam illum effeciſſe nec ſibi, ne aliis perſuadere po<lb></lb>tuiſſent; quoniam ante originem naturæ, ac cæterarum om<lb></lb>nium rerum natura conſtantium motionem illam turbulen<lb></lb>tam, atque inordinatam introduxerunt; nec contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>; <lb></lb>quoniam nihil excogitari potest abſurdius, quam qui motus <lb></lb>contra naturam ſit, vt hic motum naturalem antecedat. </s> <s id="s.000590">Cum <lb></lb>item in confuſione illa inordinata, quam commenti ſunt, gra<lb></lb>uia eſſe, & leuia abſque ratione finxiſſent, cur ſubticuerunt, <lb></lb>quomodo grauia, & leuia diſtinguerentur, ac alia ab aliis ſepa<lb></lb>rarentur, & qui nam erat proprius ipſorum locus, aut motus, <lb></lb>non enim idem locus, aut motus omnibus eſſe poterat; alioqui <lb></lb>vnum, & idem etiam grauia, & leuia fuiſſent; quæ motu illo <lb></lb>confuſo diſgregari non potuiſſent, ſi proprios locos, & ordina<lb></lb>tum motum ad naturalem locum cumdemque proprium, & <lb></lb>ordinatam ſi quietem in proprio loco habebant; ergo in chaos <lb></lb>erat mundus, quem nihil aliud eſſe conſtat, <expan abbr="quã">quan</expan> iste partium <lb></lb>elegantissimus ordo, vt optimè ſcripſit Alexander Aphrodi<lb></lb>ſienſis libro ſecundo quæstionum naturalium capite decimo<lb></lb>nono: de quibus, cum ne verbum quidem fecerint, dignissimi <lb></lb>ſunt qui maximè reprehendantur. </s> <s id="s.000591">Particularis etiam, & <lb></lb>proprius illius motionis effector demonſtrandus fuiſſet: nam <lb></lb>ad motum particularem conciliandum generalis motor ſat <lb></lb>eſſe nequit, quam certè rem ſupra capite vndecimo primæ <lb></lb>partis aliqua ex parte attigimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="83" xlink:href="011/01/103.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000592">Aduerſus Ideas Platonis, mathematicas Pythago<lb></lb>ræ formas, Pſeuſippi imperfecta principia, <lb></lb>Empedocleam pacem, atque diſcor<lb></lb>diam. </s> <s id="s.000593">Cap. X.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000594">N<emph type="italics"></emph>ec Platonis commenticiæ, atque inanes Ideæ, nec for<lb></lb>mæ illæ mathematicæ <expan abbr="Pythagoreorũ">Pythagoreorum</expan> ſimplicibus istis <lb></lb>elementorum corporibus motum vmquam præſtitiſ<lb></lb>ſent; quod nullam vim mouendi habeant, & nullam habere <lb></lb>possint, cum naturæ ſint communes, atque vniuerſæ; vt illis <lb></lb>fingunt, à quibus ſine particularibus motionum effectoribus, <lb></lb>quos hoc loco quærimus, nihil omnino mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000595"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec Pſeuſippi imperfecta, atque impolita mouendi prin<lb></lb>cipia, quæ incohata, rudia, ac deformia existimauit, inordina<lb></lb>tam in chaos, & <expan abbr="ordinatã">ordinatam</expan> poſt chaos elementorum agitatio<lb></lb>nem concitauiſſent, quod natura principiorum mouentium, <lb></lb>contra, atque ipſe finxit excellens, abſoluta, & elaborata ſit, <lb></lb>atque perpolita. </s> <s id="s.000596">Principium ergo, quod eum motum cieat <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>rude, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> incohatum, ſed ſumma arte cultum, ſumma naturæ <lb></lb>vi perfectum, ſummaque illius efficacitate elaboratum, à quo <lb></lb>elementorum motus naſceretur, ſiue ante, ſiue poſt antiquum <lb></lb>chaos, erat excogitandum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000597"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec Empedoclea pax, quæ vniuerſitatis imperium <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> <lb></lb>do obtineat, arctissimamque inter elementa necessitudinem <lb></lb>conglutinet, vnde naturæ interitus, & elementorum confuſio, <lb></lb>inordinatuſque illorum motus naſcatur. </s> <s id="s.000598">Nec illius diſcordia, <lb></lb>quæ poſt infinita tempora pacem de imperio deturbat, & ele<lb></lb>menta inter ſe alienata ſua domicilia repetere compellit, dum <lb></lb>ad antiquum cæli ornatum reuocandum elementa cogit, eo-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="84" xlink:href="011/01/104.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>rumdem motum excitauiſſet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000599"><emph type="italics"></emph>Qùia Empedocles pacem illius vastissimí corporis, quod <lb></lb>Sphærum nuncupauit, partem fecit: quod apud illum non <expan abbr="tã-tum">tan<lb></lb>tum</expan> efficientis, atque elementa mouentis cauſæ vim, ſed etiam <lb></lb>materiæ ſimul obtineat: at accidere non potest, vt idem eiuſ<lb></lb>dem vtroque modo ſit cauſa, vt efficiens, ac mouens, & vt ma<lb></lb>teria. </s> <s id="s.000600">Ad hæc illud rectæ rationi immo ſenſui communi ad<lb></lb>uerſatur, quod Empedocles diſcordiam facit immortalem, <lb></lb>quæ mali naturam ſapiat, contrariam concordiæ gerenti na<lb></lb>turam boni, id quod ne fingi quidem poſſe videtur. </s> <s id="s.000601">Quoniam <lb></lb>cum pax ſphærum effecerit, nullus diſcordiæ locus ſupererit: <lb></lb>niſi fortè diſcordia in partem congregationis admiſſa, cum <lb></lb>pace fœdus inierit. </s> <s id="s.000602">Diſcordia item natura mala, & violenta <lb></lb>ad infinitum tempus non eſt; propter violentiam, quam ſecum <lb></lb>coniunctam habet; & propter continuum bellum, quod cum <lb></lb>pace gerit; quia nullum violentum poteſt eſſe perpetuum, li<lb></lb>bro ſecundo de cælo particula duodeuigeſima.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000603"><emph type="italics"></emph>Præterea ſatis non est dicere concordiam, & diſcordiam <lb></lb>mouendi vim habere; niſi dicatur, quæ non ſit cauſa motionis <lb></lb>prima, & communis, non concordia, & diſcordia motus cau<lb></lb>ſæ principes erunt, ſed illius tantum, quod congregando, & <lb></lb>diſgregando naſcitur: quoniam concordia in vnum omnia co<lb></lb>git; dum ſphærum gignit: diſcordia autem, & lis omnia ſegre<lb></lb>gat, dum mundum ſuo tempore facit. </s> <s id="s.000604">Nihil <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> dicit de mo<lb></lb>tu, qui fit vniuersè, & in genere; non enim ſat eſt dicere, ami<lb></lb>citia congregando, & inimicitia diſgregando mouet, niſi aut <lb></lb>demonſtretur, aut quomodocumque ponatur, quid ſit motus <lb></lb>in genere. </s> <s id="s.000605">Reddenda item cauſa fuerat, cur amicitia congre<lb></lb>gando, & inimicitia diſgregando moueat; quam non red<lb></lb>didit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="85" xlink:href="011/01/105.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000606"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad hæc cum amicitia ſphærum gignit, & in vnum omnia <lb></lb>miſcet, neceſſe est, vt ignis deſcendat, & terra aſcendat, alio<lb></lb>qui miſceri non poſſunt: at iſti ſunt motus contra naturam, mo<lb></lb>tibus illis oppoſiti, qui à natura fiunt: ergo concordia contra <lb></lb>naturam mouet; & diſcordia naturalem motum concitat, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>ex ſphæro diſcordia hunc mundum gignit: tunc enim neceſſe <lb></lb>est, vt ignis aſcendat, & terra deſcendat, vt ſua propria natu<lb></lb>raliaque loca inueniant: ergo non ſunt hæ duæ cauſæ motus <lb></lb>naturalis; ſed altera naturalem, altera violentum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> exci<lb></lb>tat: immo vtraque motum violentum fortè gignit. </s> <s id="s.000607"><expan abbr="Cõcordia">Concordia</expan>, <lb></lb>dum confuſum ſphærum efficit, elementa ex ſuis naturalibus <lb></lb>locis ad confuſionem violentia moueri cogit. </s> <s id="s.000608">Diſcordia pari<lb></lb>ter, dum ſphæri partes inordinatas ad <expan abbr="ordinẽ">ordinem</expan> redigit, eaſdem <lb></lb>violentia fortè compellit. </s> <s id="s.000609">Violentus etiam motus ille eſt, quem <lb></lb>concordia facit; dum concretum diſſoluit, & ignis partem ad <lb></lb>inferiora deſcendere cogit: pari ratione dum ex loco proprio <lb></lb>ignis in terram fertur; vt compoſitum a diſcordia generetur, <lb></lb>violento motu, quia contra naturalem inclinationem, cietur: <lb></lb>licet Empedocles eumdem motum naturalem putet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000610">Oppugnatur Anaxagoræmens, Democriti fortu<lb></lb>na, Anaximandri principium infinitum, à quo<lb></lb>rum nullo elementa moueri poſſunt. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000611">Caput XI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000612">N<emph type="italics"></emph>ec Anaxagoræ mens, quam rebus omnibus anti<lb></lb>quiorem facit, à qua elementorum quoduis in quauis <lb></lb>re inordinatè, & confusè abditum, ex illa temeraria <lb></lb>coaceruatione extractum, in ordinemque traductum, elemen<lb></lb>tis motum dediſset. </s> <s id="s.000613">Quia Anaxagoras mentem, quam prin-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="86" xlink:href="011/01/106.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>cipium mundi ſtatuit, bonum ipſum appellauit; qua de re di<lb></lb>gnus eſt, qui reprehendi debeat, quod huius motionis finem non <lb></lb>doceat: cum tamen nihil temere moueatur, præſertim ab eo, <lb></lb>quod habet rationem boni, quod est finis: nunc autem omne, <lb></lb>quod mouet, ob aliquem finem mouet libro ſecundo Phyſico<lb></lb>rum, hic finis neceſſario producendus erat: verum Anaxago<lb></lb>ras abditum mouentis mentis finem latere voluit, ne in eum <lb></lb>ſcopulum allideretur, qui Anaxagoram, vel etiam inuitum <lb></lb>cogeret; ad alterum statuendum principium, quod mentem <lb></lb>ad mouendum moueret; niſi ipſa, propter ſe ipſam, vt propter <lb></lb>finem moueat, quod eo magis diſputandum omnino fuerat, quo <lb></lb>minus ab Anaxagora hic finis intelligatur. </s> <s id="s.000614">Illud etiam cul<lb></lb>pa non vacat, quod mentem aſſeruit, bonum eſſe principium, <lb></lb>quod moueat, malum tamen bono minimè oppoſuerit, quod op<lb></lb>ponendum erat, quia alterum abſque altero <expan abbr="cõſiſtere">conſiſtere</expan> nequit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000615">Ad hæc Anaxagoras mentem <expan abbr="vnã">vnan</expan> introduxit, vim, & cau<lb></lb>ſam efficiendi, atque cuncta mouendi: vnam item mobilem <lb></lb>materiam congessit: ex qua omnes mundi partes extraheren<lb></lb>tur, ac mouerentur: vnus igitur motus neceſſario erit, vbi <lb></lb>enim res mouens vna eſt, itemque mobile vnum est, vnus <lb></lb>etiam motus neceſſario fiet: nam ab vno in quantum vnum, <lb></lb>non naſcitur niſi vnum, vt intelligere poſſumus ex his, quæ <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles ſcripta reliquit libro ſecundo de ortu, & inte<lb></lb>ritu particula quinquageſimaſexta: nunc autem plures ele<lb></lb>mentorum motus apparent: ergo ab vna, quam Anaxago<lb></lb>ras introduxit mente, in quantum vna est, non fiunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000616"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec Democriti fortuna, & caſus hæc elementa <expan abbr="mouebũt">mouebunt</expan>: <lb></lb>tum quia, in natura nihil caſu, nihil temerè, nihil fortuito aut <lb></lb>moueat, aut moueatur, vt videre eſt apud Ariſtotelem libre <lb></lb>ſecundo de Phyſico auditu particula ſeptuageſimaquinta, &<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="87" xlink:href="011/01/107.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>deinceps. </s> <s id="s.000617">Tum etiam quia fortuna, & caſus non ſunt verè <lb></lb>cauſæ motus, ſed naturæ potius verè mouentis errores: id quod <lb></lb>& in arte fit; in qua, ſi quid peccati incidit in artificiis, id ne<lb></lb>que artificioſum, neque artis <expan abbr="effectũ">effectum</expan> appellamus: ita ſi quod <lb></lb>elementorum à fortuna, & caſu moueatur, eius motus natu<lb></lb>ræ neutiquam aſcribendus erit: ſed naturæ quibuſdam erro<lb></lb>ribus, atque peccatis: nos autem naturales naturalium mo<lb></lb>tuum cauſas inueſtigamus, ergo, &c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000618"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec Anaximandri principium illud rerum omnium in<lb></lb>finitum, quod inter naturam animæ, atque ignis medium in<lb></lb>tercedere ſentiebat, & contraria cuncta in eo incluſa fuiſſe <lb></lb>memorabat, elementis motum præſtare potuiſſet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000619"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quod corpus, quantumuis vaſtissimum, modo ſit finitum <lb></lb>ab infinitæ virtutis motore non in tempore, ſed in momento <lb></lb>moueatur, vt facilè deducitur ex demonſtratione Aristote<lb></lb>lis libro ſeptimo, & octauo Phyſicorum: in momento autem <lb></lb>nullus motus excitatur, ſed in tempore tantum, & grauiter, <lb></lb>vt acutè demonstrat Ariſtoteles ſexto libro de Phyſico au<lb></lb>ditu, ergo, &c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000620">Ab anima mundi Platonis, ab Orphei Ioue, ab <lb></lb>amore Heſiodi, elementa moueri non poſſe. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000621">Caput XII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000622">N<emph type="italics"></emph>ec anima mundi, quam Plato ſe ipſam agitare di<lb></lb>xit, & reliquis eſſe principium mouendi particularem <lb></lb>illum, ac turbulentum ante Chaos, & ordinatum post <lb></lb>Chaos elementorum motum feciſſet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000623"><emph type="italics"></emph>Tum quia, hæc omnia, quæ Plato, ac cæteri omnes vete<lb></lb>res Philoſophi finxerunt, ſi extitiſſent, motus principia non <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="88" xlink:href="011/01/108.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>particularia, ſed generalia tantum fuiſſent, à quibus ſolis nul<lb></lb>li motus naſcuntur, ideo nos particulares motores ſine <expan abbr="quorũ">quorum</expan> <lb></lb>particulari vi mouente nullus fit motus, inueſtigamus. </s> <s id="s.000624">Tum <lb></lb>etiam, quia anima mundi vnà cum vniuerſitatis motione nata <lb></lb>priuſquam naſceretur, elementorum agitationem inordina<lb></lb>tam, quæ naturam rerum vniuerſam antegreſſa eſt, excita<lb></lb>re non potuiſſet, posterius enim prioris cauſa eſſe natura non <lb></lb>patitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000625"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec Orphæi lupiter, in cuius pectore Diuino vera mundi <lb></lb>origo latitarit, ex eoque omnia deprompſerit, elementa mo<lb></lb>uiſſet in Chaos inordinatè iactata.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000626"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec Amor, quem Heſiodus rerum omnium creatorem, <lb></lb>ac motorem effecit, elementa concitauiſſet; cum nulla tunc re <lb></lb>rum diſtinctio in natura fuiſſet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000627"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quoniam nulla earum, quæ ab illis vt cauſæ mouentes po<lb></lb>nebantur, ſeu Amor eſſet, ſeu lupiter, verè actus, aut mouen<lb></lb>tes cauſæ dici potuiſſent: nam quæ illius actus fuiſſet natura, <lb></lb>qui infinitis ætatibus ocio, veluti marceſcens, nihil egiſſet? <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000628">Actus enim natura ſua dicitur ille, qui perpetuò in actione <lb></lb>verſatur, & ab ea nec minimum quidem temporis diſcedit, at <lb></lb>que deſiſtit. </s> <s id="s.000629">Amor etiam non ad rem omnino deformem, ſed <lb></lb>ad rem ſuapte natura formoſam conuertitur. </s> <s id="s.000630">At deforme <lb></lb>antiquum erat Chaos: ergo <expan abbr="indignũ">indignum</expan>, quod amaretur. </s> <s id="s.000631">A quie <lb></lb>te præterea ad nouam molitionem mutari has cauſas opus fuiſ<lb></lb>ſet, qua de re non ſimpliciter actus appellari meruiſſent, quip<lb></lb>pe quod potestate ante fuiſſent, & ab alia, quæ actu præter<lb></lb>greſſa eſt cauſa, immutatæ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000632"><emph type="italics"></emph>Valeant ergo hæc veterum Philoſophorum portenta, & <lb></lb>monſtra, ac Peripateticæ veritati ſpontè, cedant: ad quam ex<lb></lb>planandam aggredimur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="89" xlink:href="011/01/109.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000633">Secunda particula ſecundæ partis. </s> <s id="s.000634">Cap. XIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000635">V<emph type="italics"></emph>t eum dicendorum ordinem teneamus, à quo nos num <lb></lb>quam diſceſſuros ſupra polliciti ſumus; in hac ſecunda <lb></lb>ſecundæ partis particula duo faciemus: primo nonnul<lb></lb>la de more annotabimus. </s> <s id="s.000636">Secundo ex annotatis propoſitæ diſ<lb></lb>quiſitionis exitus explicabitur; ac totius controuerſiæ nexus diſ <lb></lb>ſoluetur: qua ratione fiet, vt omnia naturæ conſentaneo ordi<lb></lb>ne diſtributa, facilius intelligantur, & intellecta memoriæ <expan abbr="cõ-mendata">com<lb></lb>mendata</expan> tenacius hæreant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000637">Prima particula ſecundæ particulæ ſecundæ par<lb></lb>tis, in qua de materia, & forma, quæ duo ſunt <lb></lb>perpetiendi, & agendi principia. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000638">Cap. XIIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000639">SCIENDVM <emph type="italics"></emph>primo materiam primam eſſe naturam <lb></lb>quamdam, ſiue principium quoddam, quo aliud ab alio <lb></lb>mutatur, aut quolibet modo patitur ſub ratione, qua <lb></lb>aliud: vt facilè intelligere poſſumus ex his, quæ ab Ariſtotele <lb></lb>ſcripta <expan abbr="fuerũt">fuerunt</expan> libro nono Diuinorum particula ſecunda: eam <lb></lb>ob rem Auerroes Philoſophus maior omni genere laudis, in <lb></lb>eadem commentatione dixit. </s> <s id="s.000640">Materia prima quamlibet per<lb></lb>petiendi facultatem definit, perinde ac definitio actionis primæ <lb></lb>formæ quamlibet agentem facultatem definire ſolet; cuius di<lb></lb>cti ratio ab eodem Auerroe redditur libro duodecimo Diui<lb></lb>norum commentatione duodeuigeſima: quia ſcilicet formæ <lb></lb>omnes, omneſque proportiones ſunt in facultate patien<lb></lb>di primæ materiæ, & in facultate agendi primi motoris.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="90" xlink:href="011/01/110.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ideo per primum motorem, primamque materiam definiri <lb></lb>debent. </s> <s id="s.000641">Sunt enim hæc duo extremà, quæ maximè distant <lb></lb>inter ea omnia, quæ ſunt in vniuerſo. </s> <s id="s.000642">Id eſt prima forma, quæ <lb></lb>eſt primus intellectus Diuinus ſummæ, numeriſque omnibus ab <lb></lb>ſolutæ perfectionis principium, & prima materia, quæ eſt al<lb></lb>terum ſummæ imperfectionis principium, vt enim illa omni <lb></lb>forma carens materia, res omnes materiales ſua facultate <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan><lb></lb>plectitur, cuius <expan abbr="cõplexu">complexu</expan> formæ omnes materiales patiuntur; <lb></lb>ſic in illa ſuprema forma, quæ Deus eſt, cunctæ formæ agen<lb></lb>tes, ac mouentes mortales, immortaleſque continentur, vt per <lb></lb>hæc duo principia definiantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000643"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hoc fortè illud eſt, quod magnus Plotinus voluit: dum di<lb></lb>xit eo in libro, cui titulus eſt, de duabus materiis. </s> <s id="s.000644">Mundum <lb></lb>hunc vniuerſum vastissimum quoddam referre corpus; cuius <lb></lb>duæ ſunt ſuperficies, altitudinis altera, altera verò profun<lb></lb>ditatis: ea, quæ eſt altitudinis, ſuprema ſedes est primæ for<lb></lb>mæ, & ea, quæ eſt profunditatis, locus eſt infimus primæ ma<lb></lb>teriæ, quæ in nihilum non deſinit, ſed certè est aliquid vt eam <lb></lb>aliquid eſſe Aristoteles demonſtrat, nempe ſubſtantia, libro <lb></lb>ſecundo de anima particula ſecunda, dum ſubſtantiam <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> <lb></lb>tripartito diuiſit: in formam, quæ eſt actus: in <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, quæ <lb></lb>est facultas: & in id, quod eſt ex vtriſque <expan abbr="concretũ">concretum</expan>: & Auer<lb></lb>roes libro tertio de anima commentatione quinta in ſolutione <lb></lb>tertiæ quæſtionis exponens illud, quod ex Ariſtotele naſcitur <lb></lb>particula quarta eiuſdem libri. </s> <s id="s.000645">Omne recipiens debet eſſe de<lb></lb>nudatum à natura recepti dixit Ariſtotelem non eſſe ita in<lb></lb>telligendum, vt id nihil ſit, quod accepturum eſt aliquid; immo <lb></lb>aliqua natura ſit oportet ea, quæ acceptura eſt aliquid: modo <lb></lb>id non ſit; quod accipere debet, <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> nihil idem ſemetipſum <lb></lb>accipit; id etiam magnus Plotinus eodem in libro probauit,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="91" xlink:href="011/01/111.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>dum ſcripſit. </s> <s id="s.000646">Quod pati potest ab actu, non eſt actus; cum ni<lb></lb>hil à ſe ipſo patiatur, ſed à contrario, & quod omnem actum <lb></lb>accipit, non eſt actus; quia neceſſe eſt, vt quod accipit, ſit omni<lb></lb>no expers rei illius, quam accipit, & quod cuilibet actui ſub<lb></lb>sternitur, aliquid certè erit, ſed non actus, nihil enim idem ſi<lb></lb>bi ipſi ſubiicitur. </s> <s id="s.000647">At materia prima ab omni actu patitur, <lb></lb>omnem actum accipit, & cuilibet actui ſubiicitur, vt pati poſ<lb></lb>ſit ab actu, finiri ab actu possit, quemlibet possit accipere <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan>, <lb></lb>& in opus prorumpere ſine actu minime possit. </s> <s id="s.000648">Ergo materia <lb></lb>prima eſt infra omnem actum, & ſupra nihilum, vt paullo an <lb></lb>te memorauimus, ſola, nuda, pura, ſimplexque natura facul<lb></lb>tatis, ex ſe ipſa informis, nullaque ſpecie, ſeu forma, prædita, <lb></lb>quo possit Protei cuiuſdam fabuloſi more in varias ſe ſe for<lb></lb>mas induere, quibus naturæ ipſius vniuerſitas exornetur; & <lb></lb>hæc pulcherrima rerum caducarum deſcriptio ab interitu vin <lb></lb>dicetur: nihil enim habet materia præter facultatem ad con<lb></lb>trariorum paria quæuis accipienda, per quam facultatem <lb></lb>& ipſa eſt, & omnia gignuntur, & vicissitudo rerum omnium <lb></lb>caducarum perpetuum curſum ſeruet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000649"><emph type="italics"></emph>Vnde hallucinatum fuiſſe <expan abbr="Themistiũ">Themistium</expan> credimus, qui <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <lb></lb>quemdam entitatiuum (vt vocant) commentus est, quem ma<lb></lb>teriæ aſcripſit: multoque fœdius lapſi ſunt posteriores, qui ma<lb></lb>teriæ actum existendi aſcripſerunt; putauerunt enim, mate<lb></lb>riam primam ita comparatam eſſe, vt veluti omnia corpora, <lb></lb>exiſtere possit. </s> <s id="s.000650">Verum ſolus Ariſtoteles rem hanc obſcurissi<lb></lb>mam comprehendit; illiusque naturam propriam intus, & in <lb></lb>cute nouit; propriisque coloribus ad viuum expressit, dum di<lb></lb>xit, materiam nullum certè eſſe actum, nullum alium actum <lb></lb>habere, id quod alibi demonstrauimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000651"><emph type="italics"></emph>Sicut materia eſt principium patiendi, ita forma est prin<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="92" xlink:href="011/01/112.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>cipium agendi, formæ enim eſt mouere, & agere; alterius ve<lb></lb>rò naturæ, id eſt materiæ, eſt moueri, & pati: vt ab Aristo<lb></lb>tele ſcribitur libro ſecundo de ortu, & interitu particula quin <lb></lb>quageſimatertia. </s> <s id="s.000652">Eam ob cauſam Auerroes libro nono Di<lb></lb>uinorum ſcriptum reliquit: materiam eſſe principium, quo <lb></lb>aliud mutatur ab alio ſub ratione, qua aliud; & formam eſſe <lb></lb>principium, quo aliud mutat aliud ſub ratione, qua aliud.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000653">Quid conueniat inter Ariſtotelem, Platonem, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> <lb></lb>Pythagoram, dum de his duobus agendi, & <lb></lb>patiendi principiis loquuntur; & quid <lb></lb>inter illos interſit. </s> <s id="s.000654">Cap. XV.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000655">CIRCA <emph type="italics"></emph>hæc duo naturalium omnium rerum prima <lb></lb>principia, quod ad eorum numerum attinet, inter Pla<lb></lb>tonem, Pythagoram, & Aristotelem egregiè <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan>; <lb></lb>ea enim, quæ de ſententia Ariſtotelis ſupra retulimus, apud <lb></lb>Platonem in Timæo leguntur; vbi materiam eamdem <expan abbr="matrẽ">matrem</expan>, <lb></lb>receptaculum, & omnium formarum nutricem appellat: ma<lb></lb>trem quidem, quia perinde ac mater in vtero prolem concipit, <lb></lb>& conceptam parit donec eamdem parturiat; ita & materia <lb></lb>rerum mortalium fœcundissima mater in numerabilibus gra<lb></lb>uidata formis omnia gignit, & fundit ex ſeſe; receptaculum <lb></lb>autem, quia formas intra ſua viſcera accipit: nutricem, quia <lb></lb>eaſdem fouet, & alit, vt probæ nutrices modo natos infan<lb></lb>tes amabili ſinu fouere, & alere ſolent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000656"><emph type="italics"></emph>Sed non minima inter Platonicos diſſenſio inter cedit: nam <lb></lb><expan abbr="Platonicorũ">Platonicorum</expan> alij hoc formæ genus in duas naturas <expan abbr="partiũtur">partiuntur</expan>, <lb></lb>in mathematicas <expan abbr="inquã">inquam</expan> formas, <expan abbr="atq.">atque</expan> Ideas; Alij verò hæc duo <lb></lb>ad <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan>, eamdemque Idearum <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> pertinere contendunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="93" xlink:href="011/01/113.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagoras Ideas tollit, & mathematica relinquit, in <expan abbr="earũ">earum</expan> <expan abbr="re-rũ">re<lb></lb>rum</expan> medio ſita, quæ intellectu, & quæ ſenſu <expan abbr="agnoſcũtur">agnoſcuntur</expan>, id quod <lb></lb>Simplicius, atque Themiſtius Ariſtoteli aſcripſerunt in pro<lb></lb>logo libri primi Phyſicorum, quem locum alibi expoſuimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000657"><emph type="italics"></emph>In forma diſcrepant, nam Plato in Timæo, Parmenide, <lb></lb>ac Phœdone Ideam loco formæ, quam Ariſtoteles in mate<lb></lb>ria poſuit, veluti principium à rebus, quæ fiunt ſeparatum, in <lb></lb>Dei mente collocauit; quibus de rebus grauissimis nunc diſpu<lb></lb>tandum non est.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000658"><emph type="italics"></emph>Inter hæc agendi, & <expan abbr="perpetiẽdi">perpetiendi</expan> principia, multa interſunt; <lb></lb>& præterea quæ paullo ante retulimus, illud potissimum inter <lb></lb>eſt, quod ratus est Auerroes libro quarto de cælo commenta<lb></lb>tione ſecunda, & libro ſecundo de anima commentatione quin<lb></lb>quageſimaprima, & duodecimo Diuinorum commentatione <lb></lb>quarta, dum dixit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000659"><emph type="italics"></emph>Principium agendi ſine vllo extrinſeco motore vi, <expan abbr="naturaq.">naturaque</expan> <lb></lb>ſua propria in actum erumpit, modo ſubiacentem materiam <lb></lb>habeat, in qua, & circa quam agendo vim ſuam exercere <lb></lb>possit; vt ignis ad calefaciendum nullum motorem expectat <lb></lb>extrinſecum, ſed vi, naturaque ſua propria calefacit, modo <lb></lb>id adſit; quod calefieri poſſet. </s> <s id="s.000660">Id tamen perpetuò verum non <lb></lb>est, ſed in his agentibus dumtaxat, quæ vim ſuam agendi <lb></lb>actu, & non ſola facultate obtinent: hæc prima quaque <lb></lb>occaſione agunt, hæc ſunt quæcumque cælesti, diuinoque ca<lb></lb>lore agunt, vt ſol & animantes omnes actu agendi vires ha<lb></lb>bent complures, easque ſic promptas, vt ſemper <expan abbr="agãt">agant</expan>, nec vllius <lb></lb>externi ſubſidij ope, à qua irritentur, indigeant; ea porrò agen<lb></lb>tia, quæ potestate dumtaxat vires habent inſitas, easque con<lb></lb>ſopitas, ab illis excitari debent, quæ actu vigent; vt piper, etiam <lb></lb>ſi actu frigidum editur, protinus vt expulſo frigore ab innato <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="94" xlink:href="011/01/114.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>noſtro calore irritatur, tunc ſuo ipſius calore, quo non actu, ſed <lb></lb>facultate præditum erat; nos acerrimè vrit, de quo Galenus, <lb></lb>libro octauo ſimp. </s> <s id="s.000661">& libro quarto de ſanitate tuenda, & ali<lb></lb>bi ſæpe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000662"><emph type="italics"></emph>Principium verò perpetiendi ſiue remotum, ſiue <expan abbr="proximũ">proximum</expan> <lb></lb>extiterit, extrinſeco motore indiget, vt lignum ſine extrinſeco <lb></lb>calefaciente, non calefit, & ſine extrinſeco exurente, non vri<lb></lb>tur, & ſine extrinſeco ſecante, non ſecatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000663">De duobus formarum generibus, quorum alte<lb></lb>rum formas materiales, alterum vero formas <lb></lb>à materia prorſus immunes comple<lb></lb>ctitur. </s> <s id="s.000664">Caput XVI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000665">SCIENDVM <emph type="italics"></emph>ſecundo formas eſſe duorum generum, <lb></lb>quædam ſunt quarum eſſe à materia omni ex parte pen <lb></lb>det, quæ quidem ex ipſa materia pullulant, atque radi<lb></lb>ces in aetam altè infixas habent; vt ab ea nulla vi euellan<lb></lb>tur: vt ſunt formæ elementorum, mineralium, plantarum, at<lb></lb>que brutorum, quorumdam eſſe eſt ab omni materia prorſus <lb></lb>immune. </s> <s id="s.000666">Primæ formæ ſunt: quæ à vero agente, per verum <lb></lb>motum veramque mutationem ex materiæ vtero extrahun<lb></lb>tur, hæ dant eſſe materiæ, & à materia illud vicissim <expan abbr="accipiũt">accipiunt</expan> <lb></lb>in diuerſo tamen genere cauſæ; cuius classis ſunt omnes formæ <lb></lb>materiales elementorum, & eorum omnium, quæ ex eorum<lb></lb>dem mixtione naſcuntur. </s> <s id="s.000667">Cum de mortalibus formis agimus, <lb></lb>hominis intellectum ſemper excipimus, quem immixtum, & <lb></lb>immaterialem eſſe alibi demonstrauimus, idque de ſententia <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis, aduerſus quoſdam, qui ventri, & veneri operam <lb></lb>ludunt; & omnia, cum corpore, pariter concidere cupiunt; nul<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="95" xlink:href="011/01/115.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>lum futurum iudicem optant, qui huius vitæ rationem à nobis <lb></lb>poſt hac repoſcat, & eam ob ſolam cauſam cum animarum <lb></lb>immortalitate <expan abbr="perpetuũ">perpetuum</expan> bellum gerunt. </s> <s id="s.000668">Quamquam animas <lb></lb>nostras, extinctis corporibus eſſe ſuperstites, nec vlla vi fati <lb></lb>perimi poſſe alio modo, de ſententia Ariſtotelis confirmamus, <lb></lb>& aliter ſecundum catholicam veritatem credimus; hæc obi<lb></lb>ter, & veluti pertranſennam, nunc ad rem paullo <expan abbr="antecœptã">antecœptam</expan> <lb></lb>reuertimur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000669"><emph type="italics"></emph>Formæ immunes à materia ſunt cæleſtium, & <expan abbr="Diuinorũ">Diuinorum</expan> <lb></lb>corporum formæ, & hominis intellectus: hæ, per verum mo<lb></lb>tum, veramque mutationem, ab agente vero ex abditissimis <lb></lb>materia recessibus non educuntur; nec à materia aliquod eſſe <lb></lb>mutuantur, ſed materiæ globorum cælestium, & humanæ na<lb></lb>turæ eſſe communicant, vel vt ſoli fines actu existentem ma<lb></lb>teriam conſeruantes, vel vt efficientes metaphorici, vel mate<lb></lb>riæ nullum eſſe <expan abbr="cõmunicant">communicant</expan>, ſedeam tantum mouent, regunt, <lb></lb>atque gubernant: huius generis (vti diximus) ſunt formæ cæ<lb></lb>lestes, quæ ex cæleſtium <expan abbr="globorũ">globorum</expan> materia nulla ratione extra<lb></lb>huntur; à cælo nullum eſſe mutuantur, ſed cælo tantum assi<lb></lb>ſtunt, illudque conſeruant, <expan abbr="conuerſioneq.">conuerſioneque</expan> rotunda cæleſtes glo<lb></lb>bos ab ortu in occaſum, & ab occaſu in ortum vicissim recur<lb></lb>rentes vigintiquatuor horarum ſpacio, ocissimè verſant: inter <lb></lb>has formas à materia prorſus immunes à nobis relatus est <lb></lb>hominis intellectus immortalis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000670"><emph type="italics"></emph>Uniuerſa partitio eſt Auerrois libro primo de Phyſico au<lb></lb>ditu commentatione vltima, & libro tertio de anima commen<lb></lb>tatione quinta, & libro de ſubstantia orbis capite primo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000671"><emph type="italics"></emph>Differunt hæ formæ; quia materiæ à formis materialibus, <lb></lb>& formæ materiales ab earumdem materiis à ſe inuicem, vl<lb></lb>tro, citroque perfectionem, atque imperfectionem <expan abbr="mutuãtur">mutuantur</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="96" xlink:href="011/01/116.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>cum extenſa materia materiales formæ <expan abbr="extẽduntur">extenduntur</expan>: cum di<lb></lb>uidua materia, & ipſæ diuiduntur: quapropter in eis eſt to<lb></lb>tum, & pars, perinde ac in earumdem materia, & licet for<lb></lb>ma, vt forma, ſit actus: forma tamen, vt in materia, facul<lb></lb>tatis eſt particeps, omnemque ex materia naſcentem imper<lb></lb>fectionem aſciſcit, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> reciprocatione tamen, vt materia aſci<lb></lb>ſcat ſibi perfectionem formæ illius, cuius munere fit, vt actu <lb></lb>existat. </s> <s id="s.000672">Formæ à materia prorſus immunes à materiæ con<lb></lb>tagioſis, ac morboſis conditionibus non afficiuntur; quod ex <lb></lb>materiæ facultate non educantur, nec vnà cum extenſa ma<lb></lb>teria extendantur, diuiſione materiæ non diuidantur, vacent <lb></lb>que toto, & partibus; nec ratione qua formæ perfectionem à <lb></lb>materia mutuantur: quoniam forma, & perfectio ſunt <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, <lb></lb>& idem: nec ratione, qua materiæ ſint alligatæ: quod earum <lb></lb>dem formarum natura à materia omnino immunis, nullius <lb></lb>ſit materiæ particeps; ideo ab ea nec affici, nec infici valeat. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000673">Hæ formæ tantum faciunt; nullo modo patiuntur, neque per <lb></lb>ſe, neque per accidens: vt auctor eſt Auerroes libro nono Di<lb></lb>uinorum commentatione ſecunda.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000674"><emph type="italics"></emph>Formæ materiales quamquam vi, naturaque propria non <lb></lb>patiuntur, tamen vi, & natura alterius, quod est per acci<lb></lb>dens pati videntur, ratione ſcilicet materiæ; à cuius contagio<lb></lb>ſis, ac morboſis conditionibus afficiuntur. </s> <s id="s.000675">Ideo magnus Ploti<lb></lb>nus libro cui titulus eſt. </s> <s id="s.000676">Unde mala: omne malum materiæ <lb></lb>aſcribit, & omne bonum formæ acceptum refert.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000677">Quomodo actio à forma, & perpeſsio à materia <lb></lb>naſcatur. </s> <s id="s.000678">Cap. XVII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000679">TERTIO <emph type="italics"></emph>ſciendum, actionem, & perpessionem ab <lb></lb>vna, eademque natura manare non poſſe. </s> <s id="s.000680">Actio enim <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="97" xlink:href="011/01/117.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>manat à forma, & perpessio à materia primam ſui ortus ori<lb></lb>ginem repetit, hæ duæ ſunt horum effectuum cauſæ, primo <lb></lb>diuerſæ; nam ſi actio à materia manaret; cum vna nume<lb></lb>ro ſub omnibus formis materia ſit; vna etiam erit omnium <lb></lb>actio: nunc autem, cum diuerſæ diuerſorum corporum actio<lb></lb>nes appareant: non per materiam vnam, ſed per formas di<lb></lb>uerſas, diuerſa corpora agunt; neque id quidem immeritò: quo<lb></lb>niam qua ratione corpora ſunt, eadem agunt. </s> <s id="s.000681">Sunt autem <lb></lb>non per materiam in ſpecie hac, vel illa, ſed per hanc <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, <lb></lb>vel illam: per hanc ergo formam, vel illam, hanc vel illam <lb></lb>actionem abſoluunt: præſertim, cum id, quod agit ei, quod <lb></lb>patitur, præſto ſit per formam; & in materiam alienam, <lb></lb>agens, per formæ vim, tranſeat: vt efficacitate frigiditatis <lb></lb>aqua frigefacit; & ignis per caliditatem calefacit. </s> <s id="s.000682">Hinc fit, <lb></lb>vt cauſæ materiales effectus producant, non materia, ſed for<lb></lb>ma ſimiles; quaſi per formas, & non per materias actiones <lb></lb>abſoluantur. </s> <s id="s.000683">Hinc inter genitum, & genitorem ſimilitudo <lb></lb>naſcitur ratione formæ, & non ratione materiæ, vt homo <lb></lb>hominem generat: equus equum, & omnia generatim ex ſui <lb></lb>ſimilibus gignantur. </s> <s id="s.000684">Ars item, quæ naturam diligenter imi<lb></lb>tatur, ſimile amat institutum: qualem enim ſpeciem domus <lb></lb>Architectus animo concipit, talem is domum è lignis, & <lb></lb>lapidibus molitur: præterquam quod natura eas res mo<lb></lb>ueat, atque verſet; in quibus intus incluſa est: vt liquido con<lb></lb>ſtat, ex definitione naturæ. </s> <s id="s.000685">Ars verò vim ſuam rebus exter<lb></lb>nis effingendis adhibet, ita vt ſemper, quod ſiue ab arte, ſiue <lb></lb>à natura gignitur ſimile ſit ei, à quo gignitur ratione formæ, <lb></lb>cui tamquam principio, in generatione datur, vt agat, & non <lb></lb>ratione materiæ quæ in eadem generatione, vt ſubiacens ra<lb></lb>tionis principium, patitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="98" xlink:href="011/01/118.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000686"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hinc ſequitur: id quod est ex materia, & ex forma con<lb></lb>cretum, facere, mouere, & actu exiſtere, ratione formæ: pati, <lb></lb>moueri, existere poſſe, ratione materiæ; eſt tunc idem actu <lb></lb>& facultate, ſed ratione diuerſarum partium; actu ratione <lb></lb>formæ facultate ratione materiæ facit, & patitur ratione di<lb></lb>uerſa; facit ratione formæ patitur ratione materiæ mouet, <lb></lb>& mouetur: mouet ratione formæ; mouetur ratione materiæ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000687"><emph type="italics"></emph>Cauſa, per quam actio, & passio, non ab eadem, ſed à di<lb></lb>uerſa natura naſcatur, eſt: quia quod facit, quatenus est <lb></lb>actu, facit; & quod patitur, quatenus eſt, facultate patitur; <lb></lb>actus autem, & facultas ſunt differentiæ valdè oppoſitæ vt <lb></lb>dixit Auerroes libro primo de anima commentatione ſexta: <lb></lb>quæ vni eidemque naturæ, ſub eadem ratione, & reſpectu <lb></lb>eiuſdem aſcribi non poſſunt; nam ſi actio, & perpessio ab ea<lb></lb>dem natura ſub eadem ratione, & reſpectu eiuſdem produ<lb></lb>cerentur, idem, omnibus modis idem eſſet actu, & poteſtate: <lb></lb>cui dicto vniuerſa Philoſophorum classis omnino reclamat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000688"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex his ſequitur, grauitatem in corpore graui, & <expan abbr="leuitatẽ">leuitatem</expan> <lb></lb>in corpore leui, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> moueri eo modo, quo mouet, mouent quate<lb></lb>nus formæ: & mouentur quatenus in materia; ſiue grauitas, <lb></lb>& leuitas ſint elementorum formæ, ſiue accidentia propria, <lb></lb>quæ ad formas quàm proximè accedant; ex quibus immedia<lb></lb>tè manant; vt ſenſiſſe videtur Auerroes libro quarto de cælo <lb></lb>commentatione vigeſimaquinta: grauitas enim, & leuitas, <lb></lb>& cæteræ elementorum qualitates quamquam non ſunt for<lb></lb>mæ, elementorum tamen formæ dicuntur, quia his omnibus <lb></lb>qualitatibus in tenuissimas partes comminutis, elementorum <lb></lb>etiam formæ comminuuntur, & vnà cum elementorum ortu, <lb></lb>& interitu oriuntur, & intereunt: ſunt enim mediæ inter ſub<lb></lb>stantias, & accidentia: ad accidentia tamen propius, quam <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="99" xlink:href="011/01/119.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ad ſubſtantias accedunt; ideo accidentium, magis quam ſub<lb></lb>stantiarum proprietates imitantur, quo fit, vt elementorum <lb></lb>formæ <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> minus quam ſi eſſent accidentia, comminuantur, at<lb></lb>que intereant: altera prius existente in materia qualitate <lb></lb>conſimili, per alterius nouæ qualitatis aduentum nouum ele<lb></lb>mentum facilius gignitur: licet vnumquodque etiam contra<lb></lb>rium elementum, ex vnoquoque etiam contrario elemento im<lb></lb>mediatè gignatur, auctis, & imminutis elementorum qualita<lb></lb>tibus, elementorum formæ augentur, & minuuntur: ipſis ge<lb></lb>nitis, & peremptis gignuntur, & perimuntur; vt contra Aui<lb></lb>cennam aſſeuerantem elementorum formas integras conſer<lb></lb>uari eorumdem qualitatibus comminutis; acutè, & grauiter <lb></lb>diſputauit Auerroes, demonstrauitque Auicennæ dictum <lb></lb>tam falſum eſſe, quam falſissimum; vt alio loco vidimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000689">De triplici elementorum facultate. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000690">Cap. XVIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000691">QVARTO <emph type="italics"></emph>ſciendum, elementorum facultatem, ſeu <lb></lb>potestatem <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan> appellare mauultis, eſſe trium ge<lb></lb>nerum: prima eſſentialis nuncupatur, quam Simpli<lb></lb>cius octauo libro Phyſicorum particula trigeſimaſecunda ap<lb></lb>pellat facultatem ſecundum aptitudinem, tunc, cum non dum <lb></lb>factum eſt, id quod dicitur: vt puer est facultate grammati<lb></lb>cus, vel muſicus; quia, cum non dum factus ſit muſicus, aut <expan abbr="grã">gram</expan><lb></lb>maticus fieri potest. </s> <s id="s.000692">Hæc facultas in motu elementorum ni<lb></lb>hil est aliud, quam habilitas in materia contrarij elementi, <lb></lb>hac facultate graue poteſt moueri ſurſum; quoniam potest <lb></lb>fieri leue, & leue hac facultate poteſt deorſum ferri; quoniam, <lb></lb>quod leue eſt, in graue poteſt conuerti, vt ignis ſæpe in terram,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="100" xlink:href="011/01/120.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>& terra <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> raro in ignem vicissim commeat. </s> <s id="s.000693">Vtrum ne <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>quodque elementum in aliud quoduis elementum immediatè <lb></lb>conuertatur, an vero contrarium elementum in aliud <expan abbr="cõtra-rium">contra<lb></lb>rium</expan> non niſi per media elementa permeet; à nobis <expan abbr="diſputatũ">diſputatum</expan> <lb></lb>eſt alibi, & quodlibet elementum in quoduis elementum im<lb></lb>mediatè migrare poſſe concluſum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000694"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secunda facultas accidentalis nuncupatur, & tunc est, <lb></lb>cum elementa actu existunt non tamen actu moueantur; ſed <lb></lb>tantum moueri queant, id illis ui, naturaque propria, quod eſt <lb></lb>per ſe non ineſt; ſed ui, & natura alterius; quod eſt per acci<lb></lb>dens: hæc facultas in motu elementorum est forma leuis, vel <lb></lb>grauis elementi. </s> <s id="s.000695"><expan abbr="Hãc">Hanc</expan> Simplicius in loco, quem nuper adduxi<lb></lb>mus, aptitudinem appellauit, tunc cum iam quidem factum <lb></lb>eſt id, quod dicitur, & habet actum primum, qui agendo vim <lb></lb>ſuam propriam non exerit, ſed vel feriatur, vel ocio torpet: <lb></lb>quemadmodum dicimus aliquem poteſtate muſicum, cum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>pulſat cytharam; illam tamen pulſare poteſt, cum vult: nunc <lb></lb>autem vel dormit, vel aliud quid agit. </s> <s id="s.000696">Hanc facultatem Sim<lb></lb>plicius ratus eſt eſſe medium inter abſolutum actum, & abſo<lb></lb>lutam facultatem. </s> <s id="s.000697">Tertia facultas eſt cum actu coniuncta, <lb></lb>nam ſi graue deorſum concitatur, ſi leue ſurſum attollitur; id <lb></lb>vtique illis accidit, quia tali motu concitari poſſunt, nam ſi ea <lb></lb>dem cieri non poſſent; non cierentur: ſed immota manerent: <lb></lb>perinde ac non loquitur, non ſedet, non ſtat niſi qui loqui, ſede<lb></lb>re, & ſtare potest. </s> <s id="s.000698">Facultas prima re mota nucupatur à The <lb></lb>mistio octauo libro Phyſicorum particula trigeſimaſecunda: <lb></lb>quia indiget agente, qui eamdem ad actum traducat, vt di<lb></lb>xit Auerroes duodecimo Diuinorum commentatione deci<lb></lb>maoctaua, & quadrageſimaquarta, & octauo Phyſicorum <lb></lb>commentatione trigeſimaſecunda.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="101" xlink:href="011/01/121.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000699"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nuncupatur prima facultas eſſentialis: quia eſt ad for<lb></lb>mam, quæ eſt rei eſſentia: pugnans enim & contrarium ele<lb></lb>mentorum ad contrarij elementi formam tendit, idque ratio<lb></lb>ne materiæ, cuius gratia vnumquodque quod fit facultatem <lb></lb>habet, adhoc, vt fiat: res enim omnes, quæ fiunt, à materia <lb></lb>habent, vt fieri possint, antequam fiant, & vt fiant, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> fiunt; <lb></lb>& à forma habent non vt fieri possint, nec vt fiant, ſed vt ſint, <lb></lb>forma est quæ dat eſſe, & hoc eſſe, & materia ſolum præ<lb></lb>ſtat fieri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000700"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nuncupatur prima facultas violenta, quia elementa ad <lb></lb>propria loca naturaliter concitari nequeunt, & quod elemen<lb></lb>ta ad propria loca ferantur; illis præter naturam accidit; id<lb></lb>que altero duorum modorum, vel quia extra proprium locum <lb></lb>genita cum ſint, non nihil conſeruant contrariæ, atque <expan abbr="pugnãtis">pugnan<lb></lb>tis</expan> illius naturæ, ex qua genita ſunt: vt ecce ignis ex terra ge<lb></lb>nitus, qui non nihil adhuc conſeruat contrariæ, atque pugnan<lb></lb>tis terræ, illiuſque naturæ, ex qua eſt genitus; quam aſcenden<lb></lb>do deponit, dum ad proprium ac naturalem locum, vt ad pro<lb></lb>priam <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, ac perfectionem numeris omnibus abſolutam <lb></lb>mouetur: perfectionem tum <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan> nanciſcetur, cum ad opta<lb></lb>tum locum naturalem peruenerit, quo cum aſcenderit, iam <lb></lb>actu perfectum erit: tunc enim omni excuſſo pondere, omni<lb></lb>que depoſita contraria grauitate, ignis leuissimus erit omni<lb></lb>no abſolutus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000701"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo igni præter naturam ſurſum moueri accidit; <expan abbr="quã-do">quan<lb></lb>do</expan> ignis extra proprium locum naturalem extruſus, <expan abbr="violentiã">violentiam</expan> <lb></lb>illam paſſus eſt, qua de re nuper aliqua ex parte egimus; à qua <lb></lb>fit, vt non natura, ſed violentia diſpoſitus exiſtat: quæ omnia <lb></lb>vera ſunt ex his quæ Ariſtoteles, Simplicius, Auerroes, & <lb></lb>cæteri ferè omnes ſemper, & vbique probatissimi Philoſophi <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="102" xlink:href="011/01/122.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>memoriæ prodiderunt libro quarto de cælo particula vigeſima<lb></lb>ſexta, trigeſimaprima, & trigeſimaſecunda: non enim de <lb></lb>ſententia illorum ignis ſurſum aſcendit, quia ignis ſit factus; <lb></lb>ſed quia fiat; nam postquam factus est, nullo motu cietur, ſed <lb></lb>in ſuo proprio naturalique loco quieſcit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000702"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quo fundamento, licet perperam, vſus tamen fuit aliquan <lb></lb>do Zenarcus in libro, quem aduerſus quintam eſſentiam edi<lb></lb>dit auctore Simplicio primo cæli: Nuncupatur etiam violen<lb></lb>ta hæc facultas eſſentialis, quia igni deorſum moueri natura <lb></lb>non ineſt, ſed id ei per violentiam accidit, quatenus in terram <lb></lb>conuerti poteſt; & conuerſus deorſum incitari, & terram ſur<lb></lb>ſum viciſsim moueri contigit hac eſſentiali facultate; quia ex <lb></lb>terra ignis naſcitur; qui postquam natus eſt, omni ſublato im<lb></lb>pedimento ſurſum ad ſuum proprium, ac naturalem locum, <lb></lb>vbi nunc luna eſt, concitatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000703"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secunda facultas proxima nuncupatur; quia agente, qui <lb></lb>eamdem ad actum transfert, non indiget; quod elementum il<lb></lb>lico genitum ad ſuum proprium, ac naturalem locum ſuapte <lb></lb>natura, ac propria ſponte moueatur, niſi per aliquod impe<lb></lb>diens ſtat, quo minus id fiat: at ſi impedimentum auferatur; <lb></lb>elementum nuper genitum ad proprium locum naturalem ſta<lb></lb>tim incitatur: vt ecce terra, quæ grauis est, vel aliud <expan abbr="quoddã">quoddam</expan> <lb></lb>corpus ponderoſum, in leuiſsimum ignem euadere poteſt; quod <lb></lb>ſi fiat, tunc ſuperiorem locum continenter petit: itaque per<lb></lb>ſpicuum eſt id, quodiam facultate leue eſt, cum ad actum le<lb></lb>uitatis erumpit, in ſuperiorem huius orbis plagam ferri, ſubla<lb></lb>to enim omni impedimento natura ipſa elementa nuper geni<lb></lb>ta in proprium locum portat; id quod in exculentis, atque po<lb></lb>culentis accidere videmus, & in eo corpore, quod ad ſanitatem <lb></lb>recuperandam affectum eſt cum primum enim impedimen-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="103" xlink:href="011/01/123.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tum tollitur, nulla est, quin & cibus in corpus animati <expan abbr="ſubſtã-tiam">ſubſtan<lb></lb>tiam</expan> conuertatur, & quod ægrum eſt valetudinem ſuam con<lb></lb>ſequatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000704"><emph type="italics"></emph>It a quæ loco cientur, ſiue iam actu ſint, vt extra locum <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <lb></lb>naturalem alicubi per violentiam detineantur, ſiue ex facul<lb></lb>tate ad actum prorumpant, ſi nihil impediat, locum ſuum ſta<lb></lb>tim petunt, quamuis enim res etiam in actu ſit; tamen ſi con<lb></lb>tra naturam in alieno loco detineatur, quodammodo imper<lb></lb>fecta videtur, & habet in ſe facultatem, qua ad proprium lo<lb></lb>cum, vt ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> abſolutam perfectionem, & <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> rapiatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000705"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hæc facultas multis de cauſis ſecundum accidens dicitur: <lb></lb>primo quia ineſt elemento actu existenti, ergo ſecundum ac<lb></lb>cidens ineſſe intelligitur, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> quæ alicui actu existenti inſunt, <lb></lb>accidentia ſunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000706"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo quia accidit elementis contineri extra proprium <lb></lb>locum, & ad proprium locum ferri, cum in alieno loco vnde <lb></lb>moueantur, vel violenter <expan abbr="cõtineantur">contineantur</expan>, eò per violentiam impul<lb></lb>ſa, vel ibi ex contraria elementorum natura generentur, quo <lb></lb>rum vtrumque elementis inest per accidens.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000707"><emph type="italics"></emph>Tertio quia elementa non mouentur, niſi postquam fue<lb></lb>rint in loco propter naturam: nec dum ad locum ſecundum <lb></lb>naturam peruenerint: quem cum attigerint, amplius non <lb></lb>mouebuntur: ſed immota quieſcent: id quod Ariſtoteles de <lb></lb>monstrauit libro quarto de cælo particula vigeſimaſexta: <lb></lb>quæ omnia elementis accidunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000708"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quarto quia eſt ad opus, & adactionem formæ; quæ ſunt <lb></lb>accidentia formæ. </s> <s id="s.000709">Hæc eadem facultas, quæ ſecundum acci<lb></lb>dens dicitur, naturalis nuncupatur; quia elementis iam ge<lb></lb>nitis à natura ineſt, vt ſuapte leuitate, & grauitate aut ſur<lb></lb>ſum tollantur, aut deorſum ferantur: primo cæli, particula <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="104" xlink:href="011/01/124.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>vndecima, & non raro alibi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000710"><emph type="italics"></emph>De huiuſmodi facultatibus verba fecit Simplicius aduer<lb></lb>ſus Ioannem Grammaticum octauo Phyſicorum particula no <lb></lb>na, de eiſdem Auerroes in eodem octauo <expan abbr="cõmentatione">commentatione</expan> quar<lb></lb>ta, & libro quarto de cælo commentatione vigeſimaquinta: <lb></lb>Etenim Ioannes Grammaticus eſſentialem elementorum fa<lb></lb>cultatem non vidit eſſe in elemento contrario, & tempore, <lb></lb>actu primo, nec nouit facultatem accidentalem eſſe in ele<lb></lb>mento iam genito, vt in ligno comburendo, in oleo inflamman<lb></lb>do est facultas eſſentialis ad motum ſurſum; atque in igni, <lb></lb>ex ligno iam genito, & in flamma ex oleo accenſa est fa<lb></lb>cultas accidentalis: id quod Ioannes Grammaticus aſſequi <lb></lb>cum non potuerit, quid mirum ſi à ſcopo aberrauerit? <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000711">Detertia facultate, quæ eſt cum actu <expan abbr="cõiuncta">coniuncta</expan>, agit Alexan<lb></lb>der Aphrodiſienſis vigeſima quæstione libri ſecundi quæſtio<lb></lb>num <expan abbr="naturaliũ">naturalium</expan>. </s> <s id="s.000712">De hac magnus Plotinus in libro de eo, quod <lb></lb>in potentia, & de eo, quod in actu capite ſecundo. </s> <s id="s.000713">Ex Ariſtote<lb></lb>le etiam, atque Themiſtio, Simplicioque, & Auerroe octauo <lb></lb>libro Phyſicorum particula quarta, nona, & trigeſimaſecun<lb></lb>da, alibique ſæpius, poteſt & vniuerſa colligi partitio.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000714">Quomodo elementa eadem ſurſum, & deorſum <lb></lb>natura, & contra naturam ferantur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000715">Cap. XIX.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000716">S<emph type="italics"></emph>i quis roget, ſi ignis ſurſum, & ſit erra deorſum violen<lb></lb>tia, & non natura cieantur; qui factum eſt igitur, vt <lb></lb>Aristoteles libro primo de cælo particula quinta proba<lb></lb>uerit: omnia corpora naturalia propria quadam vi natu<lb></lb>rali de loco ad locum moueri; idque propterea, quod natura,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="105" xlink:href="011/01/125.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ex qua conflantur, naturale motus principium in eis exiſtat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000717"><emph type="italics"></emph>Huic reſpondendum cenſemus horum naturalium corpo<lb></lb>rum duobus modis naturales motus conſiderari poſſe: ſemel <lb></lb>ratione naturalis propenſionis eorumdem, quæ naturalis pro<lb></lb>penſio grauium, & leuium naturalem formam immediatè <lb></lb>conſequitur; huius naturalis inclinationis ratione vtrorumque <lb></lb>motus eſt naturalis: Grauitas enim, & leuitas, vt & qualita<lb></lb>tes elementorum primæ non ſunt formæ, & non ſunt princi<lb></lb>pia intrinſeca elementorum prima; ideo non ſunt propriæ, ac <lb></lb>veræ elementorum naturæ ex Phyſicorum libro ſecundo. </s> <s id="s.000718">Sed <lb></lb>quoniam grauitas, & leuitas elementorum naturas neceſſariò <lb></lb>conſequuntur, in elementis ſecundum naturam ineſſe optimo <lb></lb>iure dicuntur: quemadmodum etiam motus, qui ex ipſis pri<lb></lb>mis atque immeditatis elementorum principiis <expan abbr="manãt">manant</expan>, ſecun<lb></lb>dum naturam inſunt in elementis: ignis enim ſecundum na<lb></lb>turam leuis eſt; ideoque ſecundum naturam ſurſum euolat; <lb></lb>At grauem è contrario ſecundum naturam terram eſſe co<lb></lb>gnoſcimus, item que pari modo ad centrum tendere iuxta na<lb></lb>turam non dubitamus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000719"><emph type="italics"></emph>Motus ergo grauium, & leuium corporum ſimplicium, ex <lb></lb>grauitate, ac leuitate naſcentes, grauibus, & leuibus, ſecun<lb></lb>dum naturam inſunt grauitatis, & leuitatis ratione, quæ licet <lb></lb>propriæ, & veræ naturæ non ſint, elementorum tamen natu<lb></lb>ras neceſſariò conſequuntur: etenim ſæpe numero, cum rerum <lb></lb>naturæ propriis nominibus careant, vtimur in eis explicandis, <lb></lb>vocabulis accidentium; quæ notiora ſicuti ſunt, & noſtris ſen<lb></lb>ſibus magis familiaria: à quibus intellectus cognitionem oriri <lb></lb>deprehendimus, & hac ratione motus hic, qui ex grauitate, et <lb></lb>leuitate proficiſcitur, naturalis dicitur: non quod grauitas, <lb></lb>& leuitas ſint corporum grauium, & leuium formæ, ac na-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="106" xlink:href="011/01/126.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>turæ, ſed quod accidentia ſint, quæ ad eorum naturas, quam <lb></lb>proximè accedunt: & quæ ex ipſismet grauium, & leuium <lb></lb>naturalibus formis, ac propriis manant, non ſecus at que <lb></lb>ex propriis fontibus: his enim qualitatibus vtimur: quia pro<lb></lb>priis elementorum naturis à maioribus nostris non fuerunt <lb></lb>impoſita nomina; quod peripateticæ veritati conſentaneum <lb></lb>eſſe, aduerſus ineruditos quoſdam Aristotelis interpretes, <lb></lb>quæ potuimus efficacia alibi demonstrauimus: Secundo qui<lb></lb>dem motus hic poteſt conſiderari ratione, qua elementa pro<lb></lb>priis in locis stant immota, nec niſi violentiam paſſa, extra <lb></lb>proprium locum ſi ſint extruſa, aut extra eumdem genita mo<lb></lb>ueri poſſunt: non nihil adhuc conſeruant contrariæ illius, aç <lb></lb>pugnantis naturæ, ex qua ortum repetierunt: ratione huius <lb></lb>violentiæ nullius elementi naturalis, ſed violentus eſt motus. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000720">Grauia enim elementa deorſum, ſurſum leuia, niſi aut <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan>, <lb></lb>aut ſecundam violentiam paſſa fuerint, non promouentur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000721">Propter hanc ergo violentiam elementorum motus violenti no <lb></lb>mine nuncupari poſſe, omnes ferè conſenſerunt. </s> <s id="s.000722">At ratione <lb></lb>naturalis propenſionis non violentus est ſed naturalis elemen<lb></lb>torum quouſque de que concitantur, quod intelligere licet, tum <lb></lb>ex Ariſtotele, at que Simplicio libro quarto de cælo particula <lb></lb>vigeſimaſexta, & trigeſimaprima, tum ex Auerroe octauo <lb></lb>Phyſicorum commentatione quarta.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000723"><emph type="italics"></emph>An elementorum motus ſit naturalis propter principium <lb></lb>patiendi, an verò propter principium agendi tantum, an pro<lb></lb>pter vtrum que ſimul, infra (Deo dante) videbimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000724"><emph type="italics"></emph>De hac prima <expan abbr="ſecũdæ">ſecundæ</expan> partis particula hæc dicta ſat ſunto, <lb></lb>nunc ad ſecundam eiuſdem particulam, eadem methodo abſol<lb></lb>uendam, tranſeundum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="107" xlink:href="011/01/127.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000725">Secunda particula ſecundæ particulæ, ſecundæ <lb></lb>partis, & eſt prima propoſitio, qua quæſtio<lb></lb>nis exitus explicatur. </s> <s id="s.000726">Cap. XX.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000727">E<emph type="italics"></emph>x his, quæ hactenus annotata fuerunt Peripateticum <lb></lb>totius propoſitæ diſquiſitionis exitum explicare licet, qui <lb></lb>in compluribus propoſitionibus conſiſtit, quarum ſingulæ <lb></lb>ſuo loco ſcribentur: omnium prima illa est.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000728"><emph type="italics"></emph>Corpora ſimplicia grauia, & leuia, non per ſe, ſed per acci<lb></lb>dens, non immediatè, ſed mediatè ſecundum eam facultatem, <lb></lb>quæ eſſentialis nuncupatur, agenerante mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000729"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quoniam rectus elementorum motus non aliam ob cau<lb></lb>ſam, quam propter grauitatem, & leuitatem elementorum <lb></lb>ineſt corporibus, vt infra demonſtrabimus: de grauitate au<lb></lb>tem, & leuitate Ariſtoteles non ſolum octauo phyſicorum, <lb></lb>ſed & quarto libro de cælo copioſius, & accuratius diſputan<lb></lb>dum duxit; ideo ex vtrisque locis, ſed ex quarto de cælo magis <lb></lb>germanam Aristotelis ſententiam eruere conabimur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000730"><emph type="italics"></emph>Id ergo, quod hoc primo loco diximus, textatus est Ariſto<lb></lb>teles octauo Phyſicorum particula trigeſimaprima, & trigeſi<lb></lb>maſecunda, & quarto cæli, particula vigeſimaquarta, & <lb></lb>Auerroes tertio cæli, commentatione vigeſimaoctaua, id que <lb></lb>hoc argumento confirmatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000731"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ab agente à quo forma præstatur, alia omnia liberalissi<lb></lb>mè præstantur, quæ formam neceſſariò conſequuntur: at que <lb></lb>quod gignit elementum, formam præstat elemento: ergo quod <lb></lb>gignit elementum, elemento ea omnia liberalissimè præstat, <lb></lb>quæ elementi formam neceſſariò conſequuntur: ergo quod ele<lb></lb>mentum generat, præſtat motum elemento: illudque per ac-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="108" xlink:href="011/01/128.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>cidens hac ratione mouet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000732"><emph type="italics"></emph>Vt videamus quomodo elementum ex loco ad locum à ge<lb></lb>nerante moueatur: animaduertendum eſt, materiam <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> <lb></lb>non moueri propriè, perinde ac forma propriè non mouet: ſed <lb></lb>quod propriè mouet, & quod propriè mouetur, illud est, quod <lb></lb>est ex vtriſque concretum: vt ecce manus, quæ ſola ſine cala<lb></lb>mo, & ecce calamus, qui ſolus ſine manu, non ſcribit: ſed quod <lb></lb>propriè ſcribit, illud eſt, quod tum ex manu, tum ex calamo <lb></lb>coaugmentatur, & ecce ſerra, quæ ſine ſectore non ſecat: ecce <lb></lb>ſectator, qui ſolus ſine ſerra non ſecat; ſed quod propriè ſecat, <lb></lb>eſt ſectator, qui ſerra ſecat; ſicut ſcriptor calamo ſcribit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000733">Actiones en m, & perpessiones ſunt ſuppoſitorum, id eſt <expan abbr="rerũ">rerum</expan> <lb></lb>ſingularum, vt notum est ex his, quæ Aristoteles memoriæ <lb></lb>prodidit in prologo libri primi Diuinorum. </s> <s id="s.000734">Principium <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan>, <lb></lb>quo totum patitur, atque mouetur, & remotum motus natu<lb></lb>ralis elementorum eſt eorumdem materia prima: principium, <lb></lb>quo patiuntur, ac mouentur proximum, eſt hæc materia ſub <lb></lb>hac forma huius elementi. </s> <s id="s.000735">Porrò principium quo agunt, ac <lb></lb>mouent remotum tamen, eſt forma huius materiæ in hoc ele<lb></lb>mento. </s> <s id="s.000736">Totum ergo elementum illud est, quod mouet per <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, tamquam per principium, quo mouet, & totum ele<lb></lb>mentum, quod mouetur per materiam, tanquam per princi<lb></lb>pium, quo mouetur: forma enim hac ratione vim habet, vt mo<lb></lb>ueat, & nullo alio modo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000737"><emph type="italics"></emph>Formam, & materiam propriè non moueri probatur, <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan> <lb></lb>ad id quod propriè moueri debet <expan abbr="quinq.">quinque</expan> interſunt: cauſa, quæ <lb></lb>vim mouendi habet, materia, quæ motum à mouente factum <lb></lb>accipit, ſpacium, per quod mobile mouetur, & alter locus, à <lb></lb>quo, & alter, ad quem mobile tendat: quod ſi formam, & ma<lb></lb>teriam etiam ipſam moueri oporteat, nimirum iſthæc quin-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="109" xlink:href="011/01/129.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>que genera adhibenda ſunt: forma igitur, & materia noua <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan><lb></lb>paranda eſt ad mouendam formam, & materiam <expan abbr="antiquã">antiquam</expan>; <lb></lb>niſi eadem forma, eademque materia ſe ipſam moueat, quod <lb></lb>eſt non minus abſurdum, quam falſum, ac naturali axiomati <lb></lb>aduerſatur, in quod omnes Philoſophi conſenſerunt: Nihil <lb></lb>idem, præſertim ſimplex, vt est forma, & materia, ſe ipſum <lb></lb>mouere poſſe: His adde, quod materia est ſola, nuda, ſimplex <lb></lb>que facultas, ideo moueri nequit; cum actu ſit oporteat, quod <lb></lb>mouetur: ſi formam, & materiam nouam, à quibus antiqua <lb></lb>forma, & materia moueatur, <expan abbr="cõparauerimus">comparauerimus</expan>: formæ & ma<lb></lb>teriæ, primo loco inuentæ, primæ non erunt, cum his aliæ ſint <lb></lb>inuentæ priores. </s> <s id="s.000738">At formæ, & materiæ nuper inuentæ nuſ<lb></lb>quam erunt, & numquam mouebuntur; niſi & ipſis ſupe<lb></lb>rior aliqua forma, & materia eiuſdem ordinis inueniatur, à <lb></lb>quibus moueantur, & ſint, nec vllius erit aſcendendi ſtatus: <lb></lb>itaque nullum (quantum video) mouendi modum faciemus; <lb></lb>ſed innumerabilis quædam ſeries formarum, quæ moueant, <lb></lb>& materierum, quæ moueantur, connectenda erit: at natu<lb></lb>ra infinitatem iſtam cauſarum non amat; quia vbi infinitæ <lb></lb>ſunt cauſæ, quæ moueant, infinita ſunt, quæ moueantur ibi <lb></lb>nulla est prima cauſa, quæ tantum moueat, & non mouea<lb></lb>tur; & nulla eſt vltima materia, quæ tantum moueatur, & <lb></lb>non moueat: vbi nullum eſt primum, quod moueat, & <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> <lb></lb>vltimum, quod moueatur, ibi nulla ſunt media, quæ <expan abbr="moueã">moueam</expan>, <lb></lb>& moueantur: & vbi in mouentibus, & motis nullum eſt <lb></lb>primum, nullum poſtremum, <expan abbr="nullumq.">nullumque</expan> medium, nihil omnino <lb></lb>mouet, & nihil omnino mouetur: quod ſenſui aduerſatur, &c. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000739">Hanc argumentandi methodum probatam fuiſſe ab Aristo<lb></lb>tele libro ſecundo Diuinorum quiſque nouit: ex his elici poſſe <lb></lb>pro comperto habere debemus, tenendam eſſe firmam ſenten-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="110" xlink:href="011/01/130.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tiam illam noſtram, formæ itemque materiæ nullam motio<lb></lb>nem eſſe propriam, ſed totius concreti: & formam tantum <lb></lb>mouere, vt principium; cuius munere fit, vt totum moueat, & <lb></lb>materiam moueri vt principium; quo fit, vt totum moueatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000740"><emph type="italics"></emph>Materia ergo prima ſub elementi forma ſecundum eam <lb></lb>naturam mouetur, quam eſſentiam vocant: id eſt, quatenus <lb></lb>eſt ſub forma contrarij elementi; & ad alterius elementi con<lb></lb>trarij formam, vim, & naturam propriam, quam eſſentiam <lb></lb>nuncupandam eſſe volunt, tendit: dum elementum contra<lb></lb>rium in contrarium elementum conuertitur: vt materia, ſub <lb></lb>forma terræ, facultatem eſſentialem nuncupatam habet, ad <lb></lb>motum ſurſum: quia terra in ignem conuerti poteſt, <expan abbr="generãs">generans</expan> <lb></lb>tamen ignem ex terra, quod terræ dat motum ſurſum, hunc <lb></lb>motum generando non attingit, & nullo modo illum immedia <lb></lb>tè producit: ſed generando ſolam elementorum formam tan<lb></lb>git, itaque motus à generante immediatè non naſcitur, ſed à <lb></lb>forma generans: ergo elementum aut grauis, aut leuis ele<lb></lb>menti formam generat, dum aut graue, aut leue elementum <lb></lb>gignit: hæc postea forma à generante nuper genita, motum <lb></lb>immediatè producit, qui à generante producitur mediante ta<lb></lb>men forma elementi producta, hæc motum immediatè facit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000741"><emph type="italics"></emph>Qua ratione intelligendum reor illud Auerrois libro octa<lb></lb>uo Phyſicorum commentatione trigeſimaſecunda, dum dixit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000742">Agens dans formam dat conſequentia formam: qua de re <lb></lb>quam optimè ſcripſit Simplicius libro octauo Phyſicorum par<lb></lb>ticula trigeſimatertia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000743"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hæc est generatio per accidens, quia per formam (ſed lon<lb></lb>gè verius) per aliud, quam per accidens, diceretur, & propter <lb></lb>eamdem cauſam, non immediata, ſed mediata generatio dici<lb></lb>tur: quia mediante genita forma motus iſte ab illo generante <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="111" xlink:href="011/01/131.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>gignitur, quod formam genuit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000744"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo idem probatur demonſtratione Ariſtotelis libro <lb></lb>quarto de cælo particula duodeuigeſima; hæc vt facilius intel<lb></lb>ligatur, ex Ariſtotele eodem loco notandum, Tres eſſe muta<lb></lb>tionum ſpecies, quæ nunc alicui vſui nobis eſſe poſſunt: <expan abbr="quartã">quartam</expan> <lb></lb>prudens Ariſtoteles eo loco præteriit; quippe cum nullus tunc <lb></lb>illius vſus futurus ſit: omnes quatuor motionum ſpecies nos <lb></lb>paucis expediemus, ne aliquid intactum reliquiſſe videamur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000745">Una ergo motionum ſpecies ad ſubſtantiam pertinet: altera <lb></lb>quantitatis eſt: tertia in qualitate verſatur: quarta omnia <lb></lb>locorum ſpacia comprehendit. </s> <s id="s.000746">Primam ſpeciem conſtituit ge<lb></lb>neratio ſimplex, atque interitus: ſecundam accretio, & dimi<lb></lb>nutio: tertiam alteratio: quartam latio. </s> <s id="s.000747">Mutatio omnis aut <lb></lb>ex oppoſitis certè, aut ex naturis mediis efficitur: pro eo quod <lb></lb>in ſeſe vim contrariam habent, vt in ſubstantia forma est, & <lb></lb>priuatio: in quantitate magnitudo, & paruitas: in qualitate <lb></lb>albedo, & nigredo: & quicquid aliud, ad tertium qualitatis <lb></lb>ordinem fertur: quartæ verò ſpeciei erunt loca ſupera, & in<lb></lb>fera, & quæ ad dexteram, & ſiniſtram, ante, & pænè iacent. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000748">In omnibus his fieri mutationem ex contrariis in contraria, <lb></lb>vel ex mediis in ea, quæ interiecta ſunt media, videmus: nul<lb></lb>lus enim ex his motibus temerè fit, aut fortuito, vt quælibet res <lb></lb>in quamlibet mutetur. </s> <s id="s.000749">Eodem modo quod mouet <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quicquid <lb></lb>contigerit, mouet, ſed rem definitam: hic enim ordo à natura <lb></lb>ſeruatur: vt quod mutatur, non in quolibet temerè, nec à <lb></lb>quolibet fortuito, mutetur: ſed definitum, quod definito mo<lb></lb>tus ſubiicitur à definito agente in terminum ac finem <expan abbr="definitũ">definitum</expan>, <lb></lb>abſolutamque perfectionem, & formam mutatur, quacum<lb></lb>que motus ſpecie mutetur: quæ omnia efficaci argumentorum <lb></lb>robore confirmata ſunt ab Ariſtotele compluribus in locis:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="112" xlink:href="011/01/132.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſed potissimum libro primo Phyſicorum. </s> <s id="s.000750">Ideo quod ad locum <lb></lb>mouet: non quicquid contigerit mouet; ſed definitum mobi<lb></lb>le:nec mobile definitum poteſt a quolibet mouente moueri, ſed <lb></lb>à statuto, ac definito motore: non à quolibet loco, vt à motus <lb></lb>primo principio in quemlibet locum vt in vltimum finem: nec <lb></lb>per quodlibet medium, ſed à determinato principio, per defi<lb></lb>nitum medium in finem ſtatutum. </s> <s id="s.000751">Itaque id ſolum ſurſum <lb></lb>mouet ſemper, quod inducendæ leuitatis à natura vim ha<lb></lb>bet: id perpetuo deorſum agit; quod efficiendæ grauitatis fa<lb></lb>cultatem nactum est à natura: & quicquid mobile est, non <lb></lb>dubium eſt, quin idem ſit facultate vel graue, velleue, nec <lb></lb>ambigendum, quin in proprium, naturalemque locum ferri, <lb></lb>ſit in propriam ſpeciem formam, ac perfectionem ferri: vt <lb></lb>infra (Deo dante) videbimus. </s> <s id="s.000752">Quibus poſitis argumentum <lb></lb>in eam formam redigimus, in quam à Simplicio Philoſopho <lb></lb>certè grauissimo redigitur:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000753"><emph type="italics"></emph>Si generans (ait Simplicius) leuitatem, & grauitatem <lb></lb>efficiens, non quodlibet ſed definitum non temerè agit in quod <lb></lb>libet, ſed in ſubiectum determinatum, nec in quamlibet lo<lb></lb>ci perfectionem, nec per quodlibet medium, ſed per medium <lb></lb>ſtatutum elementum nuper genitum temerè ducit, ſed in lo<lb></lb>ci perfectionem definitam elementa à generante mouentur: <lb></lb>ſed agens definitum in ſubiectum agit definitum ad ſtatutam <lb></lb>definitamque loci perfectionem, & per medium determina<lb></lb>tum elementum mox genitum ducit. </s> <s id="s.000754">Ergo elementum geni<lb></lb>tum à generante mouetur: idque ſecundum eam facultatem, <lb></lb>quæ eſſentialis nuncupatur, quod erat probandum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="113" xlink:href="011/01/133.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000755">Quomodo elementa ab eo moueantur, quod <lb></lb>impedimentum remouet, & eſt <lb></lb>ſecunda propoſitio. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000756">Cap. XXI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000757">ELEMENTA <emph type="italics"></emph>ſecundum facultatem accidentalem <lb></lb>nuncupatam à remouente motus impedimentum per <lb></lb>accidens tamen mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000758"><emph type="italics"></emph>Id tum Ariſtotelis teſtimonio, tum ratione probatur: Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis quidem teſtimonio octauo Phyſicorum particula trige<lb></lb>ſimaſecunda, & quarto libro de cælo particula vigeſima<lb></lb>quinta, ratione autem ex eiſdem locis petita, & hæc est. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000759">Eam proportionis rationem habet, qui ab elemento impedi<lb></lb>mentum aufert; quam habet, qui murum pila percutiat, at<lb></lb>que ipſa reſiliat: & quam habet, qui ab vtre lapidem amo<lb></lb>uet, à quo lapide vter in maris profundo tenebatur: & quam <lb></lb>habet, qui columnam ſubtrahit, cui ædificij moles <expan abbr="innitebãtur">innitebantur</expan>. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000760">At qui murum pila percutiat, à quo repellatur, eſt cauſa mo<lb></lb>tus repulſionis per accidens: amouens lapidem ab vtre est <lb></lb>cauſa per accidens, quam obrem vter ſurſum aſcendat; & co<lb></lb>lumnam ſubtrahens, eſt cauſa per accidens, quòd ædificij mo<lb></lb>les corruant. </s> <s id="s.000761">Ergo in motu elementorum, quod impedimen<lb></lb>tum aufert, eſt cauſa per accidens motus eorumdem. </s> <s id="s.000762">Ab om<lb></lb>nibus ferè expoſitoribus, ſeu Græci, ſeu Arabes, ſeu Lati<lb></lb>ni fuerint, locus istæ hoc modo exponitur; quibus nos rationi <lb></lb>fauentes accedimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="114" xlink:href="011/01/134.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000763">Elementorum locus elementa mouet: & eſt tertia <lb></lb>propoſitio. </s> <s id="s.000764">Caput XXII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000765">LOCVS <emph type="italics"></emph>elementorum proprius eadem mouet, vt for<lb></lb>ma, vt finis, vtque perfectio eorumdem. </s> <s id="s.000766">Hoc teſtatus <lb></lb>eſt Ariſtoteles libro quarto de cælo particula vigeſima<lb></lb>quinta. </s> <s id="s.000767">Placet autem totum locum parafraſticè prius addu<lb></lb>cere, explanationemque Simplicij afferre: vt ex Ariſtotelea <lb></lb><expan abbr="verborũ">verborum</expan> structura de Simplicij ſententia veritas facilius erua<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s id="s.000768">Ait ergo Ariſtoteles.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000769"><emph type="italics"></emph>Cum ex aqua fit a er, vel omnino cum ex aliquo corpore <lb></lb>graui fit leue, tunc ſuperiorem locum petit: ſed poſtquam for<lb></lb>mam ſuam acceperit, & perfectè leue factum fuerit, tunc <lb></lb>leue amplius leue non fit, ſedin ſuperiori loco quieſcit: itaque <lb></lb>perſpicuum est, id quod facultate leue est, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ad actum erum<lb></lb>pit in ſuperiorem locum ferri; quo cum peruenerit iam actu <lb></lb>perfectum eſt: atque hoc idem etiam in reliquis motibus ac<lb></lb>cidit: vt in iis, qui in qualitate, vel <expan abbr="quãtitate">quantitate</expan> fiunt: quod enim <lb></lb>facultate tale eſt; aut totum per qualitatis, aut quantitatis <lb></lb>mutationem fit actu ipſo tale, aut <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>. </s> <s id="s.000770">In his quæ iam actu <lb></lb>ſunt, vt ignis, & terra, eadem cauſa est, ut nullo prohibente, <lb></lb>in ſuum locum illico ferantur; ſiue in alieno loco violentia con<lb></lb>tineantur; ſiue ibi generentur, ſublato impedimento in pro<lb></lb>prium locum naturalem à natura feruntur; quamuis <expan abbr="iã">iam</expan> actu <lb></lb>ſint: tamen ſi illis in alieno loco, contra <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> concludi, quo <lb></lb>vis modo accidat, quodammodo imperfecta videntur: habent <lb></lb>enim in ſe facultatem; qua ad proprium locum, ad <expan abbr="propriã">propriam</expan>, <lb></lb>atque perfectam formam rapiantur: quemadmodum in ci<lb></lb>bo, & potu accidere videmus: & in eo corpore quod ad ſani-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="115" xlink:href="011/01/135.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tatem recuperandam affectum est: quam primum enim im<lb></lb>pedimentum tollitur, nulla mora eſt quin & cibus in corporis <lb></lb>animati ſubſtantiam conuertatur, & quod œgrum est valetu<lb></lb>dinem ſuam conſequatur. </s> <s id="s.000771">Itaque loco cientur, ſiue iam actu <lb></lb>ſint, & extra locum ſuum alicubi <expan abbr="detineãtur">detineantur</expan>, ſiue ex facul<lb></lb>tate ad actum erumpant, ſi nihil impediat, locum ſuum sta<lb></lb>tim petunt, quo ſimul ac peruenerint, perfectam ſuam for<lb></lb>mam acquirunt: atque id circo ibi quieſcunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000772"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hæc (vt reor) Aristotelis germana ſententia est, à quæ <lb></lb>Simplicius recedere non <expan abbr="vidẽtur">videntur</expan>, qui hoc totum de elementis, <lb></lb>quæ extra proprium, & naturalem locum adhuc ſunt imper<lb></lb>fecta, intelligendum putat; quæ nullam integram perfectio<lb></lb>nem prius nanciſcuntur, quam ad proprium, ac naturalem le <lb></lb><expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> peruenerint: duobus enim modis (vt ſæpe memorauimus) <lb></lb>corpora ſimplicia grauia, & leuia, extra proprium locum exi <lb></lb>stere contingit: vel quia extra eumdem genita, vel quia vio<lb></lb>lentiam paſſa, & foras extruſa, eò impulſa feruntur: vtroque <lb></lb>modo adhuc imperfecta perfectionem in proprio loco quæ<lb></lb>runt; quam tum demum <expan abbr="inueniẽt">inuenient</expan>; cum ad illum peruenerint: <lb></lb>nam elementum, quod ſupernatare debet, ſi ſubſideat; præter <lb></lb>naturam ſubſideat oportet: & quod ſic eſt à natura compa<lb></lb>ratum, vt in centro quieſcat; ſi ſupernatet præter naturam, <lb></lb>& tunc aliqua ex parte diſponitur; habetque nonnihil imper<lb></lb>fectæ facultatis: & ad id pro viribus moueri conabitur, quod <lb></lb>ei actum vndique perfectum præſtat; & illud omni ex parte <lb></lb>abſoluit: hic est locus proprius; qui vt finis vt forma, vtque ele<lb></lb>mentorum abſoluta perfectio elementa mouet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000773"><emph type="italics"></emph>Mouet etiam elementorum locus elementa, vt forma: quo<lb></lb>niam locus nihil est aliud, quam corporis illius <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan>, quod <lb></lb>corpus illud complectitur; quod intra continentis viſcera cohi-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="116" xlink:href="011/01/136.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>betur: vt Ariſtoteles literis conſignauit libro quarto de Phy<lb></lb>ſico auditu particula quadrageſima, et quadrageſimaprima. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000774">Ideo quicquid in proprium locum fertur, id omne ad ambien<lb></lb>tis corporis extremum mouetur: at verò quod ambit, & quod <lb></lb>ſuo complexu continet, quodammodo forma, atque ſpecies il<lb></lb>lius est; quod continetur: itaque quod in proprium locum fer<lb></lb>tur, in propriam formam ferri non abſurdè videtur. </s> <s id="s.000775">Quæcum<lb></lb>que igitur vel ſurſum naturæ impetu feruntur, vel deorſum <lb></lb>aguntur, ea omnia tamquam ad formam, ac perfectionem <lb></lb>ſuam accedere conantur. </s> <s id="s.000776">Eam ob rem ſi quis roget: cur ignis <lb></lb>ſuperiorem illum locum, qui ſub luna eſt, ſemper petat: terra <lb></lb>verò in inferiorem orbis plagam ſemper deſcendat: huic Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles <expan abbr="reſpõdebit">reſpondebit</expan>. </s> <s id="s.000777">Quia ſic à natura comparatum eſt, vt leuia <lb></lb>proprio nixu ſurſum ferantur, & grauia ſuopte pondere deor<lb></lb>ſum concitentur; vt ad propriam, ac naturalem formam, fi<lb></lb>nem, ac perfectionem; ad quam naturaliter inclinantur: ita <lb></lb>vt tria in quolibet elementorum motu conſiderentur. </s> <s id="s.000778">Primo <lb></lb>elementa mouentur: quia ſic comparata ſunt à natura, vt mo<lb></lb>ueantur. </s> <s id="s.000779">Secundo quia loca, ad quæ elementa tendunt, ſunt <lb></lb>eorumdem perfectiones. </s> <s id="s.000780">Tertio quia elementa facultatem <lb></lb>habent, ad propria loca eundi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000781"><emph type="italics"></emph>Auerroes celeberrimi nominis, & grauissimæ auctorita<lb></lb>tis Philoſophus ex Ariſtotele syllogiſmum artificiosè colligit, <lb></lb>quem & nos eadem methodo colligere conabimur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000782"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omnis motus à contrario in contrarium est finis, forma, <lb></lb>& perfectio illius, quod mouetur: omnis elementorum latio de <lb></lb>loco ad locum eſt motus à contrario in <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>. </s> <s id="s.000783">Ergo omnis <lb></lb><expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> latio de loco ad locum eſt finis, forma, & perfectio <lb></lb>eorumdem. </s> <s id="s.000784">Ergo locus elementa mouet; vt finis, vt forma, & <lb></lb>vt eorumdem perfectio: quod probandum ſuſcepimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="117" xlink:href="011/01/137.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000785">Quæ Themiſtius contra Ariſtotelem. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000786">Cap. XXIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000787">ARISTOTELEM <emph type="italics"></emph>acerrimè vrget Themistius eo in <lb></lb>loco, vbi dictum eſt. </s> <s id="s.000788">Sic comparatum eſſe à natura, vt <lb></lb>leuia ſuopte nixu ſurſum; & grauia propria energia <lb></lb>deorſum ferantur, vt ad proprium, ac naturalem finem, for<lb></lb>mam, & perfectionem. </s> <s id="s.000789">Dicere enim (ait Themiſtius) gra<lb></lb>uia deorſum, & leuia ſurſum concitari: quia ſit comparata <lb></lb>ſunt à natura, vt ad proprium locum accedant, qui eſt eorum <lb></lb>dem perfectio, forma, & finis, nihil est dicere, perinde ac ſi <lb></lb>quis cauſam percontaretur, quam ob rem, qui mala valetudi<lb></lb>ne laborant, ſanitati restituantur, & reſpondentem audiret: <lb></lb>quia ſic eſt inſitum à natura; vt qui aliquando male <expan abbr="valeãt">valeant</expan>, <lb></lb>bene etiam aliquando valere dicantur, cum ſint facultate ſa<lb></lb>ni, quorum finis, forma, & perfectio eſt ſanitas: hic inquam <lb></lb>nihil audiret; quod interrogantis mentem, it a componeret, vt <lb></lb>nihil amplius quæreret: hæc enim pro cauſa reddita, non est <lb></lb>cauſa. </s> <s id="s.000790">Fallax itaque eſt cauſa, quam Ariſtoteles reddidit: <lb></lb>& in fallaciam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> cauſæ pro cauſa impegit; & captioſum eſt <lb></lb>illius argumentum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000791">Quæ Auerroes contra Themiſtium. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000792">Cap. XXIIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000793">AVERROES, <emph type="italics"></emph>qui Aristotelem indefenſum num<lb></lb>quam relinquit, argumentorum Themistij exitum <lb></lb>quàm accuratissimè explicat: de cuius ſententia duo <lb></lb>ponenda eſſe duximus, quorum alterum illud eſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="118" xlink:href="011/01/138.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000794"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ ſub cæleſti globo exiſtunt corpora, ſunt duorum gene <lb></lb>rum: quædam ſunt ſimplicia; vt quatuor elementa, quæ ſunt <lb></lb>ignis, aer, aqua, & terra: quædam, quæ ex ſimplicium mi<lb></lb>xtione conſtantur: vt mineralia, fructices, & animalia, quæ <lb></lb>& ipſa vnius generis non ſunt, ſed multorum: vt notum est <lb></lb>omnibus vel parum etiam in Philoſophia exercitatis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000795"><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Alterũ">Alterum</expan> quod de ſententia eiuſdem Auerrois ponitur, eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000796">Corpora & cætera omnia, quæ ſub cælo ſunt, vel vnam <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>, <lb></lb>in vno genere cauſæ, cauſam habent, id eſt: vel vnam tantum <lb></lb>formam, vel vnam tantum materiam, vel vnum tantum effi<lb></lb>ciens, vel vnum tantum finem, vel plures cauſas nacta ſunt <lb></lb>eiuſdem ordinis: id eſt plures efficientes cauſas: vt ſol, & ho<lb></lb>mo, hominem gignit ex libro ſecundo Phyſicorum, vel plu<lb></lb>res materias: vt homo ex elementis, humoribus, carnibus, <lb></lb>ossibus, & neruis conflatur, & ſic de cæteris cauſarum gene<lb></lb>ribus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000797"><emph type="italics"></emph>His conſtitutis reſpondet Auerroes, & dicit. </s> <s id="s.000798">Corpora mi<lb></lb>xta plures cauſas eiuſdem ordinis habere poſſunt: vt <expan abbr="hominũ">hominum</expan> <lb></lb>ſanitas à medico à medicamento, ab exercitatione, à natura, <lb></lb>à victus ratione, & à multis aliis cauſis efficientibus fieri po<lb></lb>test: eam ob rem ſi mixta à quopiam in diſquiſitionem accer <lb></lb>ſita fuerint: per ſimplicem illam reſponſionem, interroganti <lb></lb>non ſatisfit: non enim quærenti quam ob cauſam ægrotantes <lb></lb>ſanitatem recuperant, ſatisfieri poterit, ab eo, qui dixerit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000799">Quoniam ſic comparatum est à natura; vt ægrotantes ali<lb></lb>quando ſanentur: & quia omnes, qui mala valetudine ten<lb></lb>tantur, ſunt facultate ſani; & quia ſanitas eſt eorum per<lb></lb>fectio; & quia ad illam inclinantur: vt quam optimè dixit <lb></lb>Themistius. </s> <s id="s.000800">Verum ſimplicia corpora, quæ grauia ſunt, & <lb></lb>leuia, vnam tantum vnius ordinis cauſam habent, <expan abbr="eãdemque">eandemque</expan><emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="119" xlink:href="011/01/139.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſimplicissimam: ideo interroganti quamobrem grauia deor<lb></lb>ſum deſcendant, & leuia ſurſum aſcendant; optimè ſatisfa<lb></lb>ctum erit, ſi dictum fuerit: quia ſic elementa comparata ſunt <lb></lb>à natura, vt ad ſua propria, ac naturalia loca ferantur: & <lb></lb>quia loca, ad quæ elementa ferantur, ſunt elementorum perfe<lb></lb>ctiones: & quia elementa facultatem habent, ad propria <lb></lb>loca eundi: hæc ad materiam.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000801"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad formam argumenti Cum dicitur leuia ſurſum, et gra<lb></lb>uia deorſum concitantur, quia ſic comparata ſunt à natura: <lb></lb>vt ad ea loca inclinentur, quæ ſunt elementorum fines, formæ, <lb></lb>& perfectiones: id nihil est dicere, negatur; <expan abbr="Adprobationẽ">Adprobationem</expan> <lb></lb>cum additur. </s> <s id="s.000802">Nihil dicit; qui ægrotum ideo ſanari ait; quia <lb></lb>facultate ſanus ad ſanitatem inclinatur; & quia ſanitas eſt <lb></lb>illius finis, forma, & perfectio: ita nihil eſt dicere, elementa <lb></lb>ad propria loca cientur: quia ad ea naturalem inclinationem <lb></lb>habent; & quia loca ſunt eorumdem perfectiones, & c. </s> <s id="s.000803">ſimili<lb></lb>tudo negatur: dissimilitudinis ratio eſt, quia ſimplicia elemen<lb></lb>torum corpora vnam vnius ordinis, ſimplicissimam cauſam <lb></lb>habent: mixta verò plures: ideo cum ſimplicia in quæſtio<lb></lb>num vocantur, per ſimplicem illam reſponſionem quærenti <lb></lb>fit ſatis: at cum mixta in controuerſiam accita fuerint, alias <lb></lb>rationes expectant. </s> <s id="s.000804">In fallaciam ergo non cauſæ pro cauſa <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles non impegit; ſed verissimam, ac ſimplicissimam <lb></lb>cauſam reddidit, quam præſens inſtitutum exigit: nec fal<lb></lb>lax, ſeu Sophiſticum, aut captioſum eſt Ariſtotelis argumen<lb></lb>tum, ſed efficacissimum, & arteficioſum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="120" xlink:href="011/01/140.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000805">Medium ſimplicia elementorum corpora mouent <lb></lb>& eſt quarta propoſitio. </s> <s id="s.000806">Cap. XXV.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000807">AMEDIO <emph type="italics"></emph>elementa moueri tetigit Ariſtoteles libro <lb></lb>tertio de cælo particula vigeſimaoctaua; dum dixit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000808">Aer est inſtrumentum motus naturalis, & violenti. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000809">Quem <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> Auerroes Philoſophus omni laude maior in Para <lb></lb>phraſi quam doctissimè intellexit, & <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> diligentissimè expla<lb></lb>nauit. </s> <s id="s.000810">Ratus est enim Auerroes ab Ariſtotele declarari, <lb></lb>quomodo motus, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> naturalis, <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> violentus fiat. </s> <s id="s.000811">Naturalis qui <lb></lb>dem (inquit) ab aere iuuatur per motus principium, quod <lb></lb>aer ipſæ à naturali mouente ſuſcipit: hæc enim est natura ae<lb></lb>ris, vt motum à mouente acceptum per aliquod tempus conſer<lb></lb>uet, licet mouens ab eo ſeiungatur; perinde ac ſi tunc temporis <lb></lb>à ſemet ipſo cieretur: & <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> mobile naturale mouetur per <lb></lb>principium, quod in ipſo est, ab aere pari ratione iuuatur; ita <lb></lb>vt mobile motum magis conſeruet, eumque <expan abbr="citatiorẽ">citatiorem</expan> efficiat; <lb></lb>quam ſi ex ſolo ſuo principio, atque motore fieret.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000812"><emph type="italics"></emph>Violentus quoque motus interceptum aeris medium amat: <lb></lb>idque magis apparet, & magis manifestum eſt, quam in mo<lb></lb>tu naturali: niſi enim hæc aeris facultas eſſet, vt motum ſuſci<lb></lb>peret, & ſuſceptum conſeruaret, quousque ſcilicet impetus, <lb></lb>ſeu vigor ille, quem à mobili accipit, euaneſcat, fieri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſet, <lb></lb>vt motus violentus perduraret, niſi quam diu mouens ipſum <lb></lb>mobile tangeret: nunc autem cum ſenſus iudicio conſtet, mo<lb></lb>bile violentum moueri; etiam tunc cum mobile à mouente di<lb></lb>ſcessit; rationi conſentaneum eſſe creditur, vt motus violentus <lb></lb>per medium aerem factus, eiuſdem aeris interceptionem po<lb></lb>ſtulet: non enim aliunde ſagitta poſt ſui ſeparationem ab ar-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="121" xlink:href="011/01/141.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>cu, motum peragit niſi per aerem, qui ab arcus corda motio<lb></lb>nem accipit, & ſagittæ adest vt motor quieſcente corda quouſ<lb></lb>que motus, quem a corda ſuſcepit, diſpereat: idque aeri ideo <lb></lb>accidit; quia leuis eſt, & grauis ſimul: in loco ignis eſt grauis, <lb></lb>in loco terræ, & aquæ est leuis, in ſuo proprio, ac naturali lo<lb></lb>co nec leuis eſt, nec grauis: & tunc ineſt ei facultas ſuſcipien<lb></lb>di motionis principium ſurſum, & deorſum: quia omne ſuſci<lb></lb>piens debet eſſe denudatum à natura ſuſcepti, intus enim exi<lb></lb>ſtens prohibet, & obſiſtit: vt dictum eſt ab Aristotele libro <lb></lb>tertio de anima particula quarta. </s> <s id="s.000813">Idcirco aer organum fit <lb></lb>motus naturalis, & violenti: naturalis quidem eo quod mo<lb></lb>tui naturali patrocinium, facilitatemque miniſtrat: violenti <lb></lb>autem: quia mobili vim, & impetum addit; ſi quidem violen <lb></lb>ter mota ſeiunto ab eis motore, motum continuare <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> queant, <lb></lb>niſi propter hanc aeris naturam. </s> <s id="s.000814">Eadem est aquæ naturæ, <lb></lb>ac diſpoſitio, quam aeris fuiſſe diximus, licet minus virium ha<lb></lb>beat ad hoc, quam aer: quia est aere crassior eam ob rem mo<lb></lb>tori magis reſiſtit; & motum ſegniorem efficit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000815"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hæc Auerrois ferè ad verbum: ex quibus elicere poſſu<lb></lb>mus; hanc, tum ipſius Auerrois, cum etiam Ariſtotelis ge<lb></lb>minam, atque germanam fuiſſe ſententiam, qua inuenta, <lb></lb>probare contendimus elementa ſcilicet in medio, & à medio <lb></lb>certè moueri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000816"><emph type="italics"></emph>Modus, quo elementa à medio mouentur, explicatus est <lb></lb>ab Auerroe tertio libro de cælo commentatione vigeſimaocta<lb></lb>ua exemplo nautæ: qui dum nauigium ex arte mouet, ſemet <lb></lb>ipſum etiam cum moto nauigio mouet: ita, vt elementum mo<lb></lb>uendo medium, moueat ſe admotum medii, ſicut nauta mo<lb></lb>uendo nauem, mouet ſe ad motum nauis. </s> <s id="s.000817">Quo locus iſtæ melius <lb></lb>intelligatur, ſciendum eſt: medium ab impellente pulſum mo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="122" xlink:href="011/01/142.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ueri per ſe à ſua forma naturali, ac propria: moueri etiam ab <lb></lb>impellente, ante quam impellens à medio amoueatur; poſt <lb></lb>quam verò impellens ab eo amotum fuerit, medium tunc <lb></lb>tantum à ſua forma naturali mouetur, & à partibus eiuſ<lb></lb>dem medii impellentibus alias partes impulſas: & medium <lb></lb>tunc à primo impellente, quod ſeparatum est à medio, non <lb></lb>mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000818">Corollarium.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000819">H<emph type="italics"></emph>inc tanquam ſupra menſuram additum, certè ſe<lb></lb>quitur, motum medii eſſe citatiorem motu rei impel<lb></lb>lentis; ratio est: quia medium & ab impellente, & à <lb></lb>ſemetipſo agitur: quo fit, vt medium maiore velocitate conci<lb></lb>tetur, quam impellens: id quod videre eſt apud Aristotelem, <lb></lb>& Auerroem, tum quarto libro Phyſicorum particula ſexa<lb></lb>geſimaoctaua, tum tertio libro de cælo particula vigeſima<lb></lb>octaua.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000820">Medium motum, & vtile, & neceſſa<lb></lb>rium eſſe in motu elementi. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000821">Cap. XXVI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000822">A<emph type="italics"></emph>n medium moueat elementum, vt iuuat motum ele<lb></lb>menti: an vt neceſſariò mouens <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, docet Auer<lb></lb>roes libro tertio de cælo: & primo medium iuuat mo<lb></lb>tum elementi, quia medium postquam impulſum eſt à ſua <lb></lb>propria forma naturali, mouetur, & mobile portat, atque <lb></lb>impellit: qua ratione naturalem elementorum motum per <lb></lb>idem medium factum, iuuat. </s> <s id="s.000823">Secundo medium eſt neceſſa<lb></lb>rium: quoniam ſi ſpacium inane daretur, per illud elementa <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="123" xlink:href="011/01/143.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>non mouerentur, ratio eſt: quia elementa nullam <expan abbr="intrinſecã">intrinſecam</expan> <lb></lb>reſiſtentiam habent, ſed extrinſecam tantum: quia in par<lb></lb>tem actu per ſe motam, & in partem actu per ſe mouentem <lb></lb>non diuiduntur; vt animalia, quæ in corpus actu per ſemo<lb></lb>tum, & in animam actu per ſe mouentem diuidi queunt: ve<lb></lb>rum elementa propter medium tantum, quod non intrinſecè, <lb></lb>ſed extrinſecè reſiſtit, mouentur: propter quod elementa nul<lb></lb>lo motu cieri poſſent, ſi ſpacium illud, per quod elementa mo<lb></lb>uenda eſſent, non plenum, ſed inane exiſteret: quod Aristote<lb></lb>lis ratione probatur libro quarto <expan abbr="Phyſicorũ">Phyſicorum</expan> particula ſeptua<lb></lb>geſimaprima, dicentis; Qualis eſt proportio ſubtilitatis, & <lb></lb>crassitudinis medii ad medium, talis est ratio velocitatis, & <lb></lb>tarditatis in motu. </s> <s id="s.000824">Sed medii pleni ad medium inane nulla <lb></lb>eſt ſubtilitatis, & crassitudinis proportio: ergo motus, qui fit <lb></lb>in pleno, ad motum, qui fit in vacuo, velocitatis, & tarditatis <lb></lb>nulla erit proportio: Ergo per ſpacium inane, ſi illud datur, <lb></lb>quod dari non poteſt, elementorum motus in momento fiet: <lb></lb>quia inter omnes motus in pleno ſpacio factos, eſt aliqua velo<lb></lb>citatis, & tarditatis proportio ex maiore, aut minore ea reſi<lb></lb>ſtentia; quæ aut à ſubtilitate, aut à crassitudine medii naſci<lb></lb>tur: aut à maiore, aut à minore reſiſtentia; quæ inter moto<lb></lb>rem, & mobile gignitur. </s> <s id="s.000825">Prior extrinſeca, posterior intrin<lb></lb>ſeca reſiſtentia nuncupatur. </s> <s id="s.000826">extrinſeca oritur ex medio, In<lb></lb>trinſeca ex mobili, quod motori reſistit: vt in animantibus, <lb></lb>quorum corpora dum ab anima mouentur, animæ mouenti <lb></lb>reſiſtunt. </s> <s id="s.000827">Vtraque reſiſtentia in elementis deſideraretur; ſi <lb></lb>ſpacium inane daretur: nullo ergo motu elementa cieri poſ<lb></lb>ſunt; niſi in momento, in quo nihil moueri poſſe Ariſtoteles <lb></lb>efficacissimè demonstrauit libro ſexto Phyſicorum particula <lb></lb>quinquageſima. </s> <s id="s.000828">Ergo elementa per medium ſpacium inane <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="124" xlink:href="011/01/144.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>non mouerentur: Ergo medium plenum est omnino neceſſa<lb></lb>rium; ſine quo elementa immota manerent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000829">Quæ Auerroes contra doctiſsimum Auenpacem <lb></lb>præceptorem pro Ariſtotele ſcripſerit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000830">Cap. XXVII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000831">QVAMQVAM <emph type="italics"></emph>hæc Aristotelis demonstratio ab <lb></lb>Auenpace viro certè doctissimo, & Auerrois præce<lb></lb>ptore, habita eſt veluti captioſa: ipſam tamen Auer<lb></lb>rois; qui in eruendis Ariſtotelis verissimis ſententiis vſus est <lb></lb>maxima perſpicacia, ab omni iniuria vindicat: vt in tertia <lb></lb>parte huius diſputationis abundè videbitur: nunc autem rem <lb></lb>attigiſſe ſcopulumque demonstraſſe, ſat eſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000832"><emph type="italics"></emph>Oſtendit ergo Auerroes demonſtrationem eſſe efficacissi<lb></lb>mam: & medium ſpacium plenum in motu elementorum <lb></lb>adeo eſſe neceſſarium, vt ſine pleno medio elementa nullo mo<lb></lb>do cieri poſſent: idque ex motus definitione edita libro tertio <lb></lb>Phyſicorum particula ſexta.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000833"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex motus ergo definitione (inquit Auerroes) quemlibet <lb></lb>motum eſſe continuum, quiuis facilè cognoſcit: quippe quod <lb></lb>motus ſit actus illius, quod potest eſſe ſub ea ratione, qua po<lb></lb>teſt eſſe: ex eadem motus definitione intelligere etiam poſſu<lb></lb>mus; quodlibet mobile habere facultatem ad nouum actum, <lb></lb>nouamque perfectionem; ad quam tendit: Ergo omnis motus <lb></lb>eſt continuus; & nullus eſt indiuiduus, & in momento tempo<lb></lb>ris factus: non poteſt autem eſſe continuatio hæc ex ſola virtu<lb></lb>te mouentis, vt Auenpaces aliquando ſenſit; niſi etiam reſi<lb></lb>ſtentia aliqua fuerit, quam virtus mouentis ſuperet, itaque ſe<lb></lb>cundum eam rationem proportionis, qua virtus mouentis re-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="125" xlink:href="011/01/145.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſiſtentiam ſuperat; motus quoque fit velox, atque in his moti<lb></lb>bus, in quibus eſt reſistentiæ proportio maior, eſt etiam maior <lb></lb>velocitas: vbi est reſiſtentiæ proportio minor, ibi & velocitas <lb></lb>minor eſt, vbi vis mouentis reſistentiam non ſuperat: aut <expan abbr="ſe-cũdum">ſe<lb></lb>cundum</expan> certum à natura ſtatutum exceſſum <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan> non exce<lb></lb>dit, motus nullus efficitur: qua de re ſeptimo <expan abbr="Phyſicorũ">Phyſicorum</expan> Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles gravissime diſputauit in calce: Ergo neceſſaria eſt re <lb></lb>ſiſtentia medii pleni in motu elementorum <expan abbr="cõtinuo">continuo</expan>, in quo ple<lb></lb>no medio <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> facultatem habent illis à natura tributam <lb></lb>ad maiorem perfectionem ſenſim eundi, ad quam postquam <lb></lb>ab imperfectione in motus principio diſceſſerunt; per motum <lb></lb>continuum tendunt. </s> <s id="s.000834">Hic ſcire licet reſiſtentiam tribus <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> <lb></lb>modis inueniri poſſe: Aut exparte mobilis, & mediis; vt in <lb></lb>animalibus, quæ in pleno mouentur, in quibus animalibus cor<lb></lb>pus, quod est actu, & medium, quod est plenum, animæ mo<lb></lb>uenti reſiſtit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000835"><emph type="italics"></emph>Aut ex parte mobilis tantum: vt in animalibus, dum mo<lb></lb>uentur in vacuo: in quibus, non medium, quod eſt inane, ſed <lb></lb>ſolum animalis corpus animæ mouenti reſiſtit: & in corpori<lb></lb>bus cæleſtibus in quibus, & ipſum cælum motum ſine medio <lb></lb>animæ mouent, reſiſtit. </s> <s id="s.000836">Aut ex parte medii tantum: vt in <lb></lb>elementis, quæ <expan abbr="mouētur">mouentur</expan> in pleno: quorum materia, quæ actu <lb></lb>non eſt, ſed facultate tantum formæ mouenti reſiſtere non po<lb></lb>test, ſed medium ſolum illud eſt, quod reſistit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000837"><emph type="italics"></emph>Non tamen putet quis reſistentiam eſſe non poſſe, niſi vbi <lb></lb>vis inferatur: motusque contra rei mobilis inclinationem fiat: <lb></lb>nam inter dum reſistentia eſt ſine vlla vt: vt in elementis, quæ <lb></lb>ex duobus tantum partibus ſimplicissimis conflantur: id est <lb></lb>ſimplici forma, ſimplicique materia prima, quæ eſt ſola, nu<lb></lb>da, pura, ſimplexque facultas, neque determinata eſt à qua<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="126" xlink:href="011/01/146.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>piam natura: principium, quod motum fecit, vtique forma <lb></lb>eſt & grauitas, & leuitas: materia; quæ motum à forma, & <lb></lb>grauitate, ac leuitate factum, vt poteſt accipit nullum habet <lb></lb>actum, nullamque actu <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>: ideo reſiſtentia nulla ex par<lb></lb>te materiæ cogitari poteſt, ſiue cum vi, ſiue ſine vi <expan abbr="reſiſtentiã">reſiſtentiam</expan> <lb></lb>mauis: nam vis nulla ex eo naſcitur, in quo nulla est natura, <lb></lb>nulloſque actus contra cuius nixum vis fiat: nulla eſt & iam <lb></lb>ad motum quempiam determinatum, ac certum inclinatio; <lb></lb>vbi nulla eſt determinata natura, nec certus quiſpiam actus. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000838">Ergo in motu naturali elementorum ſi principia tantum in<lb></lb>tueamur, ex quibus elementorum naturæ coaugmentantur, <lb></lb>nullam reſistentiam inueniemus, quæ tamen (vt diximus) ne<lb></lb>ceſſaria eſt in quouis motu; niſi fuerit indiuiduus, & in mo<lb></lb>mento temporis factus; quod minime fieri poſſe, motus defini<lb></lb>tio indicat: vt de ſententia Ariſtotelis libro tertio <expan abbr="Phyſicorũ">Phyſicorum</expan> <lb></lb>paullo ante memorauimus: cogimur ergo inuenire <expan abbr="reſiſtẽtiam">reſiſtentiam</expan> <lb></lb>in medio, quod ab impressione elementi diuiditur, finditur, in<lb></lb>que partes diuerſas diſtrahitur, & ſine violentia reſiſtit: nam <lb></lb>aer (verbi gratia) in motu grauium, & leuium est grauis <lb></lb>in loco ignis; & est leuis in loco aquæ, & terræ; in ſuo loco na <lb></lb>turali <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> est grauis, & non eſt leuis, ideo <expan abbr="vtrũque">vtrunque</expan> <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> exci<lb></lb>pere potest: quia ſuſcipiens debet eſſe immune à natura rei, <lb></lb>quæ ſuſcipitur, ne quod intus exiſtit, prohibeat, & obſiſtat: id <lb></lb>eſt impedimento ſit extrinſecis, quo minus ingrediantur: vt ſu<lb></lb>pra diximus Ariſtotelem literis conſignauiſſe libro tertio de <lb></lb>anima. </s> <s id="s.000839">Ea dere optimè ſcripſit Auerroes libro tertio de cæ<lb></lb>lo commentatione duodeuigeſima, dum dixit. </s> <s id="s.000840">Aer nec ad <lb></lb>grauitatem, nec ad leuitatem naturalem inclinationem ha<lb></lb>bet: ideo graui, & leui per aerem moto ſine vlla violentia re<lb></lb>ſiſtit: idque ſupra non raro diximus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="127" xlink:href="011/01/147.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000841">In ſpacio inani ſi illud daretur, nulla eſſet reſi<lb></lb>ſtentia. </s> <s id="s.000842">Cap. XXVIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000843">N<emph type="italics"></emph>ec ſit, qui putet, reſiſtentiam eſſe in ſpacio inani ex <lb></lb>parte terminorum: vt ecce ſpacium inane triginta <lb></lb>pedum (vt eorum more loquar) nam ſecundum rei <lb></lb>veritatem inane ſpacium nullis terminis definitur: ſed ſi da<lb></lb>tur, quod non dari probatum est alibi, illud totum immen<lb></lb>ſum, & infinitum est: Nos tamen, vacuum poſitum in <expan abbr="hostiũ">hostium</expan> <lb></lb>gratiam triginta pedum menſura definitum conſtituimus: vt <lb></lb>hoſtes inde intelligant, eorum opinionem nihil habere momen<lb></lb>ti: ſit ergo ſpacium illud vacuum, quod fingunt, tringint a pe<lb></lb>dum; <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> (vt aiunt) per illud tempore diuiduo mouere<lb></lb>tur, alioquin totum ſpacium ſimul occuparet, in omnibus me<lb></lb>dij partibus, in omnibus extremis terminis eodem temporis mo<lb></lb>mento inueniretur, & per omnes medij partes ab extremo ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> ſimul moueretur, à quibus abſurdis, vt ipſi ſibi ipſis <lb></lb>caueant, dicere vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nolentes coguntur: elementa per ina<lb></lb>ne ſpacium non in momento, ſed in tempore ferri ratione re<lb></lb>ſiſtentiæ ex parte terminorum ab inuicem longe diſtantium. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000844">Contra quorum ſententiam multa argumenta, eademque ex<lb></lb>plicatu difficilia adduci poſſunt, ſi eadem locus istæ poſtula<lb></lb>ret: quorum <expan abbr="magnã">magnam</expan> partem prudentes præterimus, & ea <expan abbr="tã-tum">tan<lb></lb>tum</expan> vix attingimus, quæ ad hunc locum, & ſi non omni, ali<lb></lb>qua ſaltem ex parte pertinere videbuntur; vt diſceptatio no<lb></lb>ſtra nihil ſuperuacuum, aut redundans, nihilque imminutum <lb></lb>contineat, & ne angustioribus cancellis concludatur; & ne <lb></lb>longioribus finibus producatur, quam fortè par ſit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000845"><emph type="italics"></emph>Verum antequam rem ipſam aggrediar; ſciendum, lo-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="128" xlink:href="011/01/148.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>cum eſſe aliquem vacuum ad Platonis ætatem iam inde à <lb></lb>Thaletis Milesij temporibus omnes ignorauiſſe; vt autor est <lb></lb>Plutarchus, post modum Leucippus, Democritus, & Epicu<lb></lb>rus vacuum palam affirmare ſunt auſi; hos ſecutus est Lu<lb></lb>cretius uates; Diuinus Plato in Timæo, & Ariſtoteles libro <lb></lb>quarto de phyſico auditu inane ſuſtulerunt: ſed hæc fines no<lb></lb>ſtros egrediuntur, ideo illis derelictis ad rem ipſam reuerti<lb></lb>mur, & argumenta quædam adducimus; quibus veluti non<lb></lb>nullis arietibus hoſtium propugnacula, quæ ab illis inexpugna<lb></lb>bilia exiſtimantur, funditus diruantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000846"><emph type="italics"></emph>Primo ergo ſi terminorum diſtantia cauſa eſſet motus in <lb></lb>tempore facti ſine alia, aut medij, aut mobilis reſiſtentia; il<lb></lb>luminatio <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in momento, ſed in tempore fieret: cui reclamat <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles libro ſecundo de anima particula ſeptuageſima: <lb></lb>nam licet lumen vtroque contrario vacet; quod vidèlicet aut <lb></lb>extrinſecè, aut intrinſecè reſiſtat; ratione cuius <expan abbr="reſiſtẽtiæ">reſiſtentiæ</expan> ſi ea <lb></lb>daretur ſuccessio in illuminatione inueniretur, tamen propter <lb></lb>terminorum diſtantiam ſpacium tum inane, tum plenum in <lb></lb>tempore illuminari cogeretur, non autem in temporis momen<lb></lb>to. </s> <s id="s.000847">Verum Ariſtoteles vnumquodque ſpacioſum quantum<lb></lb>uis vaſtissimum non in tempore, ſed in inſtanti temporis illu<lb></lb>minari aperte docuit: at ſi verum eſſet id, quod hoſtes tanto<lb></lb>pere vrgent; per terminos non parum aliquando diſtantes ſta<lb></lb>ret, quo minus in momento totum ſpacium, vastum illud qui<lb></lb>dem, immo non rarò vastissimum, illuminari poſſet: quomodo <lb></lb>ergo effugient iſti, quin Aristoteli mendacij notam inurant? <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000848">ſi dicant ſolam terminorum distantiam reſiſtentiam ſat eſſe <lb></lb>ad motum continuum?<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000849"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo exitus argumenti, quod contra Democritum ab <lb></lb>Ariſtotele texitur libro ſecundo de anima particula ſeptua-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="129" xlink:href="011/01/149.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>geſimaquarta explicaretur. </s> <s id="s.000850">Dixerat enim Democritus: ſi <lb></lb>ſpacium inter nos, & cælum interceptum eſſet inane, formi<lb></lb>ca quantumuis parua, ſi eſſet in cælo videretur: Aduerſus <lb></lb>quam Democriti ſententiam Ariſtoteles hac ratione agit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000851"><emph type="italics"></emph>Per medium ſpacium inane nullæ ſpecies multiplicantur: <lb></lb>ſed ſpacium inter nos, & cælum interceptum eſt inane, vt De<lb></lb>mocrito falsò arriſit: ergo in eo nullæ ſpecies multiplicantur: <lb></lb>at ſine ſpeciebus per medium multiplicatis nihil ſpectatur; er<lb></lb>go ſpacio inani inter nos, & cælum intercepto, ſi formica in <lb></lb>cælo eſſet, nulla certè ratione videri poſſet: Hoc <expan abbr="argumẽtum">argumentum</expan>, <lb></lb>& efficacissimum illius robur ex medij pleni necessitate pen<lb></lb>det; ſine quo nihil videtur; vt ſine pleno medio elementa non <lb></lb>mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000852"><emph type="italics"></emph>At ſi vera eſſet istorum ſententia; qui medij pleni neceſ<lb></lb>ſitatem tollere audent, huius efficacissimi argumenti exitus <lb></lb>nullo negocio explicaretur. </s> <s id="s.000853">Nam ſi elementa non in momen<lb></lb>to, ſed in tempore per ſpacium inane mouerentur, idque illis <lb></lb>accideret non ratione reſistentiæ, quæ in vacuo nulla est, ſed <lb></lb>ratione terminorum magnopere diſtantium; ita & ſpecies, <lb></lb>per hoc medium inane ſpacium ratione vacui, licet multipli<lb></lb>cari non valerent; ratione tamen terminorum ab inuicem di<lb></lb>stantium multiplicari poſſent. </s> <s id="s.000854">Affirmant enim elementa, <lb></lb>per medium inane propter vtriuſque termini diſtantis reſiſten<lb></lb>tiam in tempore moueri, non propter eam reſiſtentiam, quæ <lb></lb>ex medio pleno oriri deberet; quod plenum in vacuo deſidera<lb></lb>tur: ita & ſpacium, quod non est plenum, cuius tamen ter<lb></lb>mini distant, non in momento, ſed in tempore illuminatum, <lb></lb>ſpecies per ipſum multiplicatas acciperet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000855"><emph type="italics"></emph>Tertio inanis eſſet Platonis <expan abbr="demõſtratio">demonſtratio</expan> in Timæo, quam <lb></lb>vſurpat Ariſtoteles libro quarto Phyſicorum particula ſexa<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="130" xlink:href="011/01/150.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>geſimaquarta, & deinceps, qua demonſtratione Diuinus Pla<lb></lb>to probare contendit. </s> <s id="s.000856">Terram non moueri: quia est in totius <lb></lb>mundi æquilibrio; ideo ſtat immota, nec magis <expan abbr="advnã">ad vnam</expan>, quam <lb></lb>ad aliam partem flectitur, cum ſit in medio æquè distans ab <lb></lb>extremis: qua de re Aristoteles copiosè diſputauit libro ſe<lb></lb>cundo de cælo, ita ſi vacuum ſit, illud erit omni ex parte indif<lb></lb>ferens, nec in eo erit, aut ſurſum, aut deorſum, aut antè, aut <lb></lb>ponè, aut dextrum aut ſinistrum, quæ ſunt loci differentiæ, <lb></lb>ad quas mobile vnumquodque mouetur. </s> <s id="s.000857">Ergo corpus quod in <lb></lb>medio ſpacio inani fuerit, aut in omnes medij partes diſtra<lb></lb>ctum diuelletur, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ad omnes ſit æquè inclinatum, aut vbique, <lb></lb>vel magis nullibi stabit: cum hæ ſint loci differentiæ. </s> <s id="s.000858">quæ non <lb></lb>ſunt in vacuo, vel non mouebitur, & non quieſcet, cum nulla <lb></lb>ſit ibi cauſa, aut motus, aut quietis, nullaque ibi ſit loci diffe<lb></lb>rentia, in quam elementum ſtet, aut ad quam elementum mo<lb></lb>ueatur, vel in æquilibrio poſitum non magis ad vnam, quam <lb></lb>ad aliam partem flectetur, ſed ad omnes ſimul, vel ad nullam <lb></lb>magis: quod Plato de terra dixerat. </s> <s id="s.000859">At ſi corpus ſimplex <lb></lb><expan abbr="elemẽtorum">elementorum</expan> per ſpacium inane moueatur in æquilibrio vacui <lb></lb>poſitum, & terra in totius mundi æquilibrio conſtituta, certè <lb></lb>mouebitur: quod tum Ariſtoteles, tum Plato abſurdum eſſe <lb></lb>putauerunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000860"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quarto falſum eſſet id, quod ab Ariſtotele conſtantissimè <lb></lb>affirmatur libro quarto de phyſico auditu particula ſexage<lb></lb>ſimaoctaua. </s> <s id="s.000861">Proiecta à medio iuuante motum moueri: nam <lb></lb>quæ proiciuntur, & per inane ſpacium impelluntur, ab inani <lb></lb>medio non iuuante motum, moueri non queunt: cum ea, quæ <lb></lb>res nulla eſt vt inane ſpacium, quod nullum eſt motum, qui res <lb></lb>aliqua eſt, iuuare non possit: Simplicia ergo <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> cor<lb></lb>pora dum natura, per ſpacium inane <expan abbr="ferũtur">feruntur</expan> à medio vacuo <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="131" xlink:href="011/01/151.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>non iuuante motum, cieri non poſſunt, quod Ariſtoteli aduer<lb></lb>ſatur affirmanti, quæ proiiciuntur à medio illorum iuuante <lb></lb>motum, de loco, ad locum concitari.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000862"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quinto in vacuo grauius, & leuius, æquali velocitate mo<lb></lb>uerentur; cum terminorum distantia in vtriſque poſſet eſſe <lb></lb>æqualis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000863"><emph type="italics"></emph>Sexto ſimplicia elementa per vacuum velocius in fine, <lb></lb>quam in principio non mouerentur: cum perpetua ſit in va<lb></lb>cuo æquabilitas, nullaque ratio naturæ diuerſa, ex qua motus <lb></lb>naturalis velocitas in fine augeatur: qua de re infra diſputa<lb></lb>bitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000864"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec hoſtium argumenta aliquod <expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan> habent; quip<lb></lb>pe cum pro certo ſciamus; mobile totum ſpacium ſimul non <lb></lb>occupare eodem tempore, omnes medij partes non lustrare in <lb></lb>omnibus extremis terminis eodem temporis momento non in<lb></lb>ueniri ratione extrinſecæ reſiſtentiæ, quæ in motu <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <lb></lb>per inane ſpacium, omnino deſiderantur: non enim ſpacium, <lb></lb>quod non eſt plenum extrinſecus reſistit, nec pars mobilis in<lb></lb>trinſecè reſistere potest, quæ non eſt in actu, ſed nuda, ſola, <lb></lb>ſimplexque facultas, vt ſupra diximus: ſi ergo ſpacium ina<lb></lb>ne daretur, quod motis elementis nulla ratione reſiſteret, mo<lb></lb>bile totum ſpacium ſimul occuparet: omnes medij partes eo<lb></lb>dem tempore luſtaret, & in omnibus extremis, & per totum <lb></lb>medium ſimul existeret, ad omnes immo ad nullas loci diffe<lb></lb>rentias moueretur nullibi, immo vbique quieſceret. </s> <s id="s.000865">Hac ad <lb></lb>omnium argumentorum materiam; nunc ad formas reſpon<lb></lb>dentes, id <expan abbr="incõueniens">inconueniens</expan> eſſe negamus, quod hoſtes inconueniens <lb></lb>eſſe putant; poſito enim vacuo ea omnia neceſſariò ſequuntur, <lb></lb>quæ ab hostibus, vt abſurda deducuntur: ea primo abſurdo <lb></lb>dato, abſurda non ſunt; ſed neceſſariò fiunt. </s> <s id="s.000866">Quapropter ne-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="132" xlink:href="011/01/152.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ceſſe eſt in motu elementorum ex parte medij tantum, & non <lb></lb>ex parte extremorum distantium, vt motus reſiſtentia intel<lb></lb>ligatur propter abſurda, quæ nuper adducta fuerunt: non ex <lb></lb>parte materiæ mobilis, quæ non reſiſtit, cum ſit pura fa<lb></lb>cultas; nec exparte vacui, quod res nulla est; ideo reſistere <lb></lb>non creditur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000867">An priuſquam medium, elementum in medio <lb></lb>moueatur. </s> <s id="s.000868">Cap. XXIX.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000869">QVONIAM <emph type="italics"></emph>elementum à medio moueri confirmaui<lb></lb>mus; operepræcium nos facturos putamus, ante quam <lb></lb>ad alia progrediamur, videre. </s> <s id="s.000870">Vtrumne lapis, ſuæ na<lb></lb>turæ derelictus, prius, an poſterius quam medium an ſimul, <lb></lb>cum medio moueatur. </s> <s id="s.000871">Quærendi anſam nanciſcimur ex his, <lb></lb>quæ ſupra dicta fuerunt; lapidem certè aut aliud quoduis ſeu <lb></lb>graue, ſeu leue ſimplex corpus, quod per medium fertur, me<lb></lb>dium ipſum impellere, quod poſtquam fuit impulſum à pro<lb></lb>pria forma mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000872"><emph type="italics"></emph>Huic quæſtioni ex his ſatis fieri poſſe credimus; quæ ad mo<lb></lb>tus ipſius violenti, naturalis, & neutri, naturam pertinent; <lb></lb>quippe cum motus naturalis, cuius comis eſt motus violentus, <lb></lb>aut ſaltem non naturalis, ſeu neuter, violentum, ſeu non na<lb></lb>turalem, aut neutrum omnino præcedat, & ſit potius cauſa <lb></lb>motus violentia, ſeu non naturalis, aut neutri, quam effectus: <lb></lb>nihil enim excogitari potest abſurdius, quam eum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, qui <lb></lb>contra naturam, aut ſaltem non ſecundum naturam eſt, eum <lb></lb>præcedere motum, & illius cauſam eſſe, qui est naturalis: vt <lb></lb>liquidò constat ex libro octauo Phyſicorum particula trigeſi<lb></lb>maquinta, & trigeſimanona. </s> <s id="s.000873">At qui motus medij, ex ea par<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="133" xlink:href="011/01/153.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>te, qua impellitur, atque diuiditur, est violentus, vel ſaltem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>naturalis, ſeu neuter, motus lapidis eſt naturalis; Ergo cor<lb></lb>porum, aut grauium, aut leuium motus eſt medij motu prior, <lb></lb>non tempore, ſed origine, aut natura.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000874"><emph type="italics"></emph>Præterea corpus, quod aliud corpus ad locum mouet; illud <lb></lb>non mouet, niſi moueatur; vt dixiſſe aliquando viſus eſt Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles, nempè ſeptimò Phyſicorum particula tertia; & octa<lb></lb>uo Phyſicorum particula trigeſimaſexta; & non raro alibi. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000875">Vt ecce corpus, quod trahit, non trahit niſi & ipſum dum <lb></lb>trahit, moueatur, quod vehit ad locum vehendo mouetur, <lb></lb>quod impellit; dum illud corpus impellit; & ipſum ad locum <lb></lb>cietur: quod rotunda conuerſione torquet, immotum id mu<lb></lb>neris non abſoluit, ſed ad locum latum: quæ omnes ſunt ſpe<lb></lb>cies motionum illarum, quæ ab extrinſeco motore fiunt; vt au<lb></lb>tor est Ariſtoteles ſeptimo Phyſicorum particula decima. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000876">Nulla harum motionum ſpecies ab extrinſeco corpore mouen <lb></lb>te fit, quod non moueatur: quia omne corpus, quod apud nos <lb></lb>mouet, mouendo mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000877"><emph type="italics"></emph>Theophrastus id non neceſſariò fieri probat: vel hominis <lb></lb>exemplo lignum trahentis à quo tracto ligno homo, qui trahit, <lb></lb>non trahitur: vt <expan abbr="nauẽ">nauem</expan> ex alto trahens, à naue tracta non tra<lb></lb>hitur. </s> <s id="s.000878">Solis etiam exemplum vſurpat, à cuius vi trahendi va<lb></lb>pores in ſublime rapti trahuntur: ſol tamen à tractis vapori<lb></lb>bus non trahitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000879"><emph type="italics"></emph>Theophraſti exempla labefactauit Themistius libro pri<lb></lb>mo de anima particula quadrageſimaprima; dum dixit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000880">Homines, qui aut lignum, aut nauem, aut aliud quoduis cor<lb></lb>pus trahunt, & ſol, qui vapores in ſublime rapit, & ſi eadem <lb></lb>motus ſpecie non moueatur, vt ſunt motus trahendi, impellen <lb></lb>di, vehendi, & in orbem contorquendi, eodem tamen genere <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="134" xlink:href="011/01/154.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>motus homines, & ſolem moueri ſat eſt; qui ad locum mouen<lb></lb>tur, ad quem mouent; quauis motus ſpecie moueant: vt nos <lb></lb>etiam ſcripſimus. </s> <s id="s.000881">Nunc ad mobile reuertimur, quod ſuæ na<lb></lb>turæ derelictum in medio ſuſpenſum, ſi ſit graue, vt lapis, ae<lb></lb>rem, aut aliud quodcumque medium, per quod fertur, impel<lb></lb>lit. </s> <s id="s.000882">Ergo neceſſe est, vt lapis mouendo aerem & ipſæ prius mo<lb></lb>ueatur, natura ſaltem, & ſi non tempore prius: cum omne <lb></lb>corpus, quod aliud corpus ad locum mouet, ad locum concite<lb></lb>tur: omne enim quod in aliud agit, ab eo neceſſario patitur, <lb></lb>in quod agit, in his, quæ ſunt ſub luna præſertim: ideo talis <lb></lb>motus ſeu impulſus, ſeu alia ſpecies motus fuerit, non fit ab <lb></lb>impellente, aut ab alio quauis ratione mouente, ſine motu aut <lb></lb>impellentis, aut quouis alio motu mouentis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000883"><emph type="italics"></emph>Tertio reſpondeo: lapis ſemetipſum mouet ad motum me <lb></lb>dij, perinde ac nauta ad motum nauigij; vt ſupra diximus: ſed <lb></lb>nauta nauigium non mouet, niſi poſtquam ſemetipſum moue<lb></lb>rit. </s> <s id="s.000884">Ergo lapis, & quodlibet aliud mobile ſimplex, graue, & <lb></lb>leue, per medium latum prius mouetur, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> medium mouea<lb></lb>tur: ergo lapis non cit ſe per accidens ad citationem medij, <lb></lb>quod non dum citatur: ſed à ſemetipſo lapis tunc citetur opor<lb></lb>tet per ſe, & forte primo: vt (auſpice Deo) infra videbimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000885"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hic noua quæſtio exiſtit: ſi lapis, aut quoduis aliud cor<lb></lb>pus, graue, aut leue eſt mobile, ergo mobilitate eſt mobile, num <lb></lb>quid illa mobilitas ſit mobilis? </s> <s id="s.000886">ſi eamdem mobilem eſſe nega<lb></lb>uerimus: ergo nec lapis mobilis eſſe poterit: quia ob immobi<lb></lb>lem mobilitatem nihil mouetur: cum omne, quod mouet, mo<lb></lb>ueatur, vt diximus, ſi est mobilis: ergo mobilitate mobilis: <lb></lb>hanc nouam mobilitatem in <expan abbr="nouã">nouam</expan> diſquiſitionem accerſimus: <lb></lb>& quærimus, numquid ipſa ſit mobilis, ſi mobilis non eſt. </s> <s id="s.000887">Er<lb></lb>go nec prima erat mobilis, quia nulla ratio vrget; vt magis <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="135" xlink:href="011/01/155.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>hæc, quam illa ſit mobilis: ſi eſt mobilis in infinitum progre<lb></lb>diemur: verum natur a mouentium, & mobilium infinit at em <lb></lb>istam non amat; Ergo aut in infinitum aſcendere licebit; aut <lb></lb>in prima mobilitate quieſcendum, atque ipſam minime mobi<lb></lb>lem eſſe dicendum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000888"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo omne mobile eſſe mobilitate mobile: cum queri<lb></lb>tur: numquid mobilitas ſit mobilis, per inficiationem reſpon<lb></lb>detur: non enim mobilis potest eſſe prima mobilitas: ad pro<lb></lb>bationem cum dicitur; omne mobile eſt mobilitate mobile, da<lb></lb>tur, cum vltra progrediuntur: ergo mobilitas eſt mobilis: ne<lb></lb>gatur; ratio est, quia in captionem <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan> impingitur: quæ fal<lb></lb>lacia, ſeu captio figuræ dictionis ab Ariſtotele nuncupatur li<lb></lb>bro elementorum: mutatur enim quo in quod: id est prima <lb></lb>mobilitas: quæ primum mobile eſt, mobile eſt quo, illud mobi<lb></lb>le mouetur, quæ non potest eſſe, quod moueatur: non eſt ergo <lb></lb>mobilis; nec propterea ſequitur, <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> mobile non eſſe mobile, <lb></lb>immo totum oppoſitum: <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> ſcilicet mobile prima ſua mo<lb></lb>bilitate eſſe mobile, vt principio quo, quæ in quod mutari non <lb></lb>debet; ſi in captionem figuræ dictionis impingere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> volumus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000889">Totum elementum à toto elemento mouetur, & <lb></lb>eſt quinta propoſitio. </s> <s id="s.000890">Cap. XXX.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000891">TOTVM <emph type="italics"></emph>elementum non primo, ſed ſecundo totum <lb></lb>mouet elementum; Hæc quinta propoſitio ex his pro<lb></lb>batur, quæ ſupra non ſemel repetita fuerunt. </s> <s id="s.000892">Actio<lb></lb>nes, & perpessiones ſunt indiuiduorum de ſententia Ariſtote<lb></lb>lis in prologo libri primi Diuinorum. </s> <s id="s.000893">Totum ergo indiuiduum <lb></lb>elementum est quod mouet, & quod mouetur. </s> <s id="s.000894">Secundo pro<lb></lb>batur, corporis ſimplicis eſt motus ſimplex, & motus ſimplex <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="136" xlink:href="011/01/156.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>est corporis ſimplicis, vt ſcripſit Ariſtoteles libro primo de cæ<lb></lb>lo particula ſeptima, & octaua: ſed elementa corpora ſunt <lb></lb>ſimplicia: ergo elementa ſimplici motu aguntur; ita vt totum <lb></lb>elementum moueat, & moueatur: eo tamen modo, quem ſu<lb></lb>pra attingimus, dum diximus. </s> <s id="s.000895">Totum elementum per par<lb></lb>tem, id eſt per materiam moueri: & per partem, id est, per <lb></lb>formam mouere; est enim forma principium quo totum ele<lb></lb>mentum mouet, & materia est principium, quo totum ele<lb></lb>mentum mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000896"><emph type="italics"></emph>Differunt hæ duæ naturæ: quia forma cit ſe ad citationem <lb></lb>totius elementi: & tunc cit, & citatur, ſeu mouet, ac moue<lb></lb>tur: mouet quidem totum elementum, & ad totius elementi <lb></lb>motum mouetur, materia licet moueatur, non tamen mouet: <lb></lb>vel ipſo etiam Auerroe teste libro quarto Phyſicorum com<lb></lb>mentatione ſeptuageſimaquarta: Materialis enim forma <lb></lb>(ait Auerroes) mouet, vt eſt in materia mota, ab eademmet <lb></lb>forma; quæ totum mouet, & materiam: vt meminit idem <lb></lb>Auerroes tertio libro de cælo <expan abbr="commẽtatione">commentatione</expan> duodetrigeſima, <lb></lb>& quarto libro eiuſdem commentatione vigeſimaſecunda, & <lb></lb>vigeſimaquarta. </s> <s id="s.000897">Hoc non eſt mouere ſe per ſe, & primo, ſed <lb></lb>tantum ſecundo, quia per partem: at quomodo elementum à <lb></lb>ſe per ſe, & primo moueatur paucis quibuſdam interpoſitis <lb></lb>demonstrabitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000898">Totum elementum ſe per accidens mouet: & eſt <lb></lb>ſexta propoſitio. </s> <s id="s.000899">Cap. XXXI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000900">TOTVM <emph type="italics"></emph>elementum ſe per ſe propriæ non mouet; ſed <lb></lb>per accidens.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000901"><emph type="italics"></emph>Huius ſextæ propoſitionis pars prior probatur rationibus <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="137" xlink:href="011/01/157.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ab Ariſtotele petitis octauo libro Phyſicorum particula vige<lb></lb>ſimaſeptima, & vigeſimaoctaua, & trigeſimanona, & primo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000902"><emph type="italics"></emph>Si elementa à ſe ipſis per ſe propriè mouerentur, anima vti <lb></lb>que viuerent, perinde ac animalia, quæ à ſe ipſis per ſe pro<lb></lb>priè mouentur: ſed elementa, vt animalia anima non viuunt, <lb></lb>ergo elementa à ſe ipſis propriè non mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000903"><emph type="italics"></emph>Vox illa: non vt animalia ab re addita non fuit: propter <lb></lb>Platonem enim eamdem addidimus, qui animam elementis <lb></lb>aſcripſit in Timæo, ſed aliam, & longè diuerſam ab ea ani<lb></lb>ma, quæ eſt in animalibus, ac diuerſo quodammodo informan<lb></lb>tem, cuius ſententiæ Aristoteles non ſubſcribit: qua de re ali <lb></lb>bi copiosè licet egerimus, nonnulla tamen infra breui oratione <lb></lb>per stringemus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000904"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hoc argumentum ex Diuini Platonis fontibus manare vi <lb></lb>detur libro decimo de legibus, & in eo libro, cui titulus eſt Phæ<lb></lb>dro: vtrobique enim eamdem hominis animam immortalem <lb></lb>eſſe Plato demonſtraturus, geminas idcirco adfert rationes: <lb></lb>quia duo in vniuerſum interitus modi inueniuntur, nec plu<lb></lb>res duobus inueniri poſſunt; quorum nullus eſt in anima: ideo <lb></lb>ab vtroque interitus modo vtraque ratio à Platone petitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000905"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne enim quod interit, vel ab extrinſeco interimitur; ve <lb></lb>lignum ab extrinſeco igni exuritur; vel ab intrinſeco principio <lb></lb>perditur, vt lignum, quia materiam habet; ideo interitus ſui <lb></lb>intrinſecam cauſam ſemper ſecum geſtat: quapropter ſii n li<lb></lb>gno caries aliquando vim ſumat, vt putreſcat; lignum ad in<lb></lb>teritum tunc ſuapte natura ducitur: quemadmodum in ſuis <lb></lb>de republica libris Diuinus Plato ſcripſit; aſſeruitque ea, <lb></lb>quæ ſponte ſua intereunt, omnia à domeſtico quodam princi<lb></lb>pio, atque interno vitio deſtrui ob materiam certè in illis exi<lb></lb>ſtentem; quæ cum nouam ſubinde formam ſemper optet: nec <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="138" xlink:href="011/01/158.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſit illius deſiderium inane, & nouam formam ſuſcipere non <lb></lb>possit, niſt priore deſtructa, neceſſe eſt, vt ex appetente mate<lb></lb>ria cuiuslibet rei materialis interitus omnino naſcatur, id <lb></lb>quod & Ariſtoteles memoriæ prodidit in calce libri primi <lb></lb>de phyſico auditu; & magnus Plotinus in libro, cui titulus est <lb></lb>vnde mala in quo ex materia omnia mala, vſque ad <expan abbr="interitũ">interitum</expan>, <lb></lb>qui est omnium malorum pessimum, exoriri efficacia tanta <lb></lb>demonstrat, vt eo libro perlecto nemo ſit, qui de ea re ambi<lb></lb>gere possit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000906"><emph type="italics"></emph>Altera ergo diuini Platonis ratio animam ab intrinſeco, <lb></lb>alter a eamdem ab extrinſeco ad interitum duci non poſſe, de<lb></lb>monſtrat. </s> <s id="s.000907">Prioris rationis hæc penè ſeries, eſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000908"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne quod à ſe ipſo mouetur, ſemper mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000909"><emph type="italics"></emph>Anima à ſe ipſa mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000910"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo anima ſemper mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000911"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne quod ſemper mouetur, est immortale.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000912"><emph type="italics"></emph>Anima ſemper mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000913"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo anima eſt immortalis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000914"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hæc ratio nobis ſanè ostendit, animam à ſe ipſa destrui <lb></lb>non poſſe, quia anima eſt natura a ſe per ſe ſemper mobilis, <lb></lb>quapropter anima eſt immortalis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000915"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundæ rationis proceſſus hoc maximè constat modo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000916"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne quod ipſum mouet, motionis eſt principium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000917"><emph type="italics"></emph>Anima ſe ipſam mouet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000918"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo anima motionis est principium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000919"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne quod eſt principium motionis, eſt ingenitum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000920"><emph type="italics"></emph>Anima est principium motionis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000921"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo anima eſt ingenita.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000922"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne quod eſt ingenitum, vacat interitu.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000923"><emph type="italics"></emph>Anima est ingenita.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="139" xlink:href="011/01/159.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000924"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo anima vacat interitu.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000925"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne quod vacat interitu, eſt immortale.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000926"><emph type="italics"></emph>Anima vacat interitu.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000927"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo anima est immortalis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000928"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hæc ratio animæ immortalitatem maximè oſtendit, quia <lb></lb>à nullo extrinſeco interfici poteſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000929"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hæ duæ rationes tantam affinitatem, tantamque inter ſe <lb></lb>cognitionem habent, vt vnica ratio videri possit. </s> <s id="s.000930">Quod enim à <lb></lb>ſe ipſo non deſtruitur, neque ab alio quopiam deſtruetur: nam <lb></lb>cum in ſe ſuæ perennitatis cauſam geſtet, ſibi ſemper præsto <lb></lb>est; ſe ſaluam ſemper eſſe vult, vt illud eſt quod à ſe ipſo mo<lb></lb>uetur: & rurſus quod ab alio non destruitur, ſed principium <lb></lb>est, & cauſa potius, vt omnia alia conſeruentur, id à ſe ipſo <lb></lb>non deſtruetur quale motionis est principium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000931"><emph type="italics"></emph>Qua nam ratione illud Platonis intelligi debeat, animam <lb></lb>eſſe naturam ſe ipſam mouentem, ſeu per ſe mobilem, Diui<lb></lb>nus Plato docuit libro decimo de legibus; vbi isthæc ad uer<lb></lb>bum ſcripſit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000932"><emph type="italics"></emph>“Trahit quidem animus cælestia omnia, & terrena, in ſu<lb></lb>per & ea, quæ in mari ſunt ſuismet motionibus, quorum <lb></lb>iſta ſunt nomina.”<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000933"><emph type="italics"></emph>“Velle, confidere, curare, conſulere, opinari, ſiue rectè, ſeu <lb></lb>perperam. </s> <s id="s.000934">Gaudentem, timentem, conſidentem, dolentem, <lb></lb>amantem, peroſum, &c.” Hæc ex Diuino Platone ad ver<lb></lb>bum: De quibus motionum ſpeciebus locutum fuiſſe <expan abbr="diuinũ">diuinum</expan> <lb></lb>Platonem Theophrastus ſcripſit in primo ſuo libro de motu: <lb></lb>& Strato Lampſacenus, qui fuit Theophraſti auditor, & in<lb></lb>ter optimos philoſophos numeratus in libro, quem Strato <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>ipſe de motu edidit. </s> <s id="s.000935">Ex quibus ſatis ſuperque <expan abbr="notũ">notum</expan> eſſe reor, <lb></lb>alias eſſe motionum ſpecies, quas Plato animalibus aſcripſit,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="140" xlink:href="011/01/160.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>& alias, quas Ariſtoteles ab eiſdem auferendas eſſe voluit, <lb></lb>ita vt verbis <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> diſcrepare viderentur: ſi hi eſſent motus. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000936">& ſi animæ ſolius, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> totius animati corporis eſſent: quin? <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.000937">non ne ex eo, quod animæ pars, quæ agens intellectus nuncu<lb></lb>patur, omnia facit: & pars, quæ possibilis intellectus appel<lb></lb>latur, omnia fit: animam omnia intelligere propterea, eam<lb></lb>dem eſſe immortalem, colligimus? </s> <s id="s.000938">quod ſi verum eſt, vt veriſ<lb></lb>ſimum eſſe norint, qui librum de anima tertium, vel ſemel <expan abbr="tã-tum">tan<lb></lb>tum</expan>, atque cunctanter legerunt, quis non videt Platonem, & <lb></lb>Ariſtotelem, eamdem animæ <expan abbr="intelligẽdi">intelligendi</expan> <expan abbr="motionẽ">motionem</expan> aſcripſiſſe, <lb></lb>& ex eadem, animæ immortalitatem demonſtrauiſſe? </s> <s id="s.000939">ita vt <lb></lb>nihil, præter verba inter illos interſit. </s> <s id="s.000940">Hæc obiter: nunc ad <lb></lb>rem noſtram reuertimur. </s> <s id="s.000941">Cum itaque Diuinus Plato oſten<lb></lb>dat animam eſſe naturam, & per ſe mobilem, ac ſe per ſe mo<lb></lb><expan abbr="uentẽ">uentem</expan>; tum ex his, quæ animæ intrinſecus inſunt: tum ex his, <lb></lb>quæ eidem extrinſecus accidunt: ait <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> ſua præſentia præ <lb></lb>ſtare corpori, vt per ſe <expan abbr="quodãmodo">quodammodo</expan> moueatur: & corpus exani<lb></lb>me <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> verè moueri; ſed illius <expan abbr="mutationẽ">mutationem</expan> quandam <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> eſſe: <lb></lb>quia <expan abbr="animatorũ">animatorum</expan> proprium eſt, à ſe ipſis poſſe agitari: & alibi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000942"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne corpus ait, cui motus extrinſecus accidit, inanime <lb></lb>eſt: cui intus ex ſe ipſo id ineſt, animatum exiſtit: tamquam <lb></lb>hæc animæ natura ſit. </s> <s id="s.000943">Quod ſi ita eſt, vt non ſit aliud quic<lb></lb>quam, quod ſe ipſum moueat præter animam, neceſſariò in <lb></lb>genita, & immortalis est anima.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000944"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex quibus Aristotelis argumentum naſcitur: illud eſt in <lb></lb>hanc formam redactum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000945"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne quod à ſe ipſo per ſe propriè mouetur, anima viuit, <lb></lb>vt animalia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000946"><emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa anima non viuunt, vt animalia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000947"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo elementa à ſe ipſis propriè non mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="141" xlink:href="011/01/161.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000948"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo Ariſtoteles idem probat, & ait. </s> <s id="s.000949">Omne quod per <lb></lb>se propriè mouetur, per se propriè quieſcit, cum ei placet ne <lb></lb>ſi quid obſtet, sed elementa per se propriè non quieſcunt, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>eis placet; immo quouſque ad proprium naturalemque <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb></lb>peruenerint, continuo motu agitantur, niſi impediantur: ergo <lb></lb>elementa per se propriè non mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000950"><emph type="italics"></emph>Maior propoſitio duobus modis probatur: primus quod <lb></lb>natura æquè eſt principium motus, & ſtatus illius, in quo eſt: <lb></lb>vt docuit Aristoteles libro ſecundo phyſicorum particula ter<lb></lb>tia. </s> <s id="s.000951">Ergo elementa, ſi per ſe propriè à natura mouentur, per <lb></lb>ſe <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> & propriè ab eadem natura quieſcent: diximus enim <lb></lb>non semel ſupra; idem eſſe principium motus, & quietis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000952"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo eadem maior probatur: in elementis <expan abbr="nullã">nullam</expan> eſſe re<lb></lb>ſiſtentiam intrinſecam est supra demonſtratum de ſententia <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis libro quarto <expan abbr="phyſicorũ">phyſicorum</expan>. </s> <s id="s.000953">At qui ea, in quibus nulla <lb></lb>eſt intrinſeca reſiſtentia, & ſe ipſa, & per se propriè ſiſtere <lb></lb>nequeunt, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> eis libuerit: ergo vera eſt propoſitio maior, quæ <lb></lb>dicit, omne quod per se mouetur propriè quieſcit, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ei placet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000954"><emph type="italics"></emph>Non obstat perpetua cæli agitatio à nulla quiete interce<lb></lb>pta, quod natura de cæleſtibus globis, & de corporibus ſubcæle<lb></lb>stibus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan> <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="eidẽ">eidem</expan> nomini <expan abbr="cõgruentẽ">congruentem</expan>, quod <lb></lb>eſt vniuoce, ſed ad <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan>, & ad <expan abbr="vnã">vnam</expan> <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan>, quod eſt analogicè, <lb></lb>dicatur, vt cætera ſilentio inuoluantur, quæ hac de re ab Ale<lb></lb>xadro, Themiſtio, Simplicio, Phylopono, Auerroe, et aliis om<lb></lb>nibus probatissimis philoſophis <expan abbr="ſcribũtur">ſcribuntur</expan> in definitione naturæ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000955"><emph type="italics"></emph>Tertio Ariſtoteles eodem in loco ſextam hanc propoſitio<lb></lb>nem hoc argumento confirmat. </s> <s id="s.000956">Omne quod à ſe ipſo propriè <lb></lb>mouetur, ad contraria loca mouetur: quæ ſunt ſurſum, deor<lb></lb>ſum, ante, & ponè, dextrum, & ſiniſtrum: ſed elementa ad <expan abbr="cõ">con</expan><lb></lb>traria loca non feruntur. </s> <s id="s.000957">Ergo elementa à ſe ipſis per ſe pro-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="142" xlink:href="011/01/162.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>priè non mouentur: maior eſt inductione manifeſta, Animal <lb></lb>enim omne à ſe per ſe propriè mouetur; ideo ad omnem loci <lb></lb>differentiam fertur. </s> <s id="s.000958">Maior etiam notissima est; & eius ſum<lb></lb>ma veritas ex eo conſtat, quod grauia elementa deorſum tan<lb></lb>tum, & non surſum, & leuia surſum tantum, & non deorſum <lb></lb>à natura incitantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000959"><emph type="italics"></emph>Dicet quis: Ignis ad communem concaui lunæ locum à ſe <lb></lb>ipſo ferri æquè potest, perinde ac terra in ſingulas centri par<lb></lb>tes deſcendere valent: ergo ad omnes loci differentias, etiam <lb></lb>contrarias datum est illis à natura vt ferantur: ergo falſum <lb></lb>est id, quod vt verum aſſumpſimus, elementa ad contraria <lb></lb>loca non ferri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000960"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ei qui hac ratione diſputauerit, reſponderemus: Ignis licet <lb></lb>ad communem concaui lunæ locum, & ad ſingulas loci illius <lb></lb>differentias licet vi, naturaque ſua ferri æquè possit: & terra <lb></lb>licet in omnem centri partem concitari valeat, ignis tamen <lb></lb>extra proprium locum poſitus ſic comparatus est à natura, <lb></lb>vt deſcendere nequeat; ſed tantum vt possit ſurſum aſcende<lb></lb>re: terræ item extra proprium locum conſtitutæ aſcendere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>datur, ſed natura deſcendere tantum ei donatur: quapropter <lb></lb>non ad omnes loci differentias grauia, & leuia feruntur; ſed <lb></lb>ad terminatas, & à natura statutas.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000961"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quarto eadem propoſitio hoc argumento ab Ariſtotele eo<lb></lb>dem loco confirmatur: Nullum continuum, per ſe propriè à <lb></lb>ſe ipſo mouetur, elementum quodlibet eſt continuum: ergo nul<lb></lb>lum elementum per ſe propriè à ſe ipſo mouetur: maior propo<lb></lb>ſitio probatur: dum minor quia nata, intacta derelinquitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000962"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quod à ſe ipſo per ſe propriè mouetur, in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe mo<lb></lb>tam, & in partem per ſe mouentem neceſſariò diuiditur; cum <lb></lb>omne, quod mouetur motorem à ſe ipſo distinctum habeat, vt<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="143" xlink:href="011/01/163.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>grauiter, & acutè demostrant Aristoteles in ipſomet veſtibu<lb></lb>lo libri ſeptimi <expan abbr="phyſicorũ">phyſicorum</expan>: Sed elementa in partem per ſe mo<lb></lb>tam, & in partem per ſe mouentem non diuiduntur: ergo ele<lb></lb>menta à ſemetipſis per ſe non mouentur. </s> <s id="s.000963">Minor huius po<lb></lb>ſtremi argumenti probatur: & primo, quia in partem per ſe <lb></lb>motam, & in partem per ſe mouentem diuidi, est <expan abbr="animatorũ">animatorum</expan> <lb></lb>proprium. </s> <s id="s.000964">Secundo quia ex prima materia, quæ eſt prima <lb></lb>facultas, & ex forma omnium formarum imperfectissima in <lb></lb>ter ſubstantiam, & accidens, media, vt author eſt Auerroes <lb></lb>libro tertio de cælo commentatione vigeſimaoctaua, & ſexage<lb></lb>ſimaſeptima, elementa conflantur: quæ duæ naturæ actu non <lb></lb>existentes nec per ſe mouere, nec per ſe moueri poſſunt: non er<lb></lb>go à ſe per ſe propriè elementa mouentur: qua de re fit, vt ab <lb></lb>alio moueantur: niſi fortè malis, eadem à nullo moueri: quod <lb></lb>est tam falſum, quam falſissimum, & tam abſurdum, quam <lb></lb>abſurdissimum: & in his; quibus senſus iudicium aduerſatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000965"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hactenus omnia abſoluimus, quæ ad primam ſextæ huius <lb></lb>propoſitionis partem confirmandam pertinebant: nunc ad ſe<lb></lb>cundam eius dem sextæ propoſitionis partem probandam ag<lb></lb>grediamur, vt nihil non confirmatum derelinquatur. </s> <s id="s.000966">Cum ita <lb></lb>que dictum ſit: elementa moueri à ſe per accidens, id est à <lb></lb>nobis hoc loco confirmandum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000967"><emph type="italics"></emph>Forma ergo à qua elementum moueri affirmauimus, gene<lb></lb>rante, & remouente impedimentum, & medio indiget, ad cu<lb></lb>ius medij motum & forma ipſa <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> mouetur. </s> <s id="s.000968">Ergo totum <lb></lb>elementum ſe per accidens mouet, ad motum certè alterius, <lb></lb>id est medij, & generantis, & impedimentum auferentis, <lb></lb>quod non eſt moueri per ſe, sed per accidens.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000969"><emph type="italics"></emph>Modus istæ mouendi ſe per accidens, ſimpliciter intelli<lb></lb>gendus non eſt, sed elementa per accidens moueri quodam-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="144" xlink:href="011/01/164.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>modo dici poſſunt. </s> <s id="s.000970">Illud namque propriè, & ſimpliciter per <lb></lb>accidens mouetur, quod ita mouetur ſicut is, qui aut in curſu, <lb></lb>aut in naui, aut in equo vehitur, & perinde at que id, quod <lb></lb>in orbem conuerſione rotundator quetur, aut à trahente tra<lb></lb>hitur: aut in partem aliam, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> rarò aduerſam impellitur: <lb></lb>id quod intelligere licet ex his, quæ ab Aristotele memoriæ <lb></lb>tradita fuerunt ſeptimo de phyſico auditu particula decima, <lb></lb>& octauo eiuſdem particula vigeſimaſeptima: & primo de <lb></lb>anima particula trigeſimaſeptima: quæ omnia per accidens <lb></lb>propriè moueri ibi dicuntur: ideo per ſe hiſce motionum ſpe<lb></lb>ciebus nullo modo aguntur, sed aliis, & longè diuerſis: id <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>elementis vſu veniret, vt aliquo certè istorum motuum hoc <lb></lb>modo mouerentur, ſi per accidens propriè concit arentur: at <lb></lb>nulla harum motionum ſpecie, nullo que horum modo agitan<lb></lb>tur: ergo per accidens propriè non mouentur, sed tantum mi<lb></lb>nus propriè.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000971"><emph type="italics"></emph>Confirmatur: ſi elementa per accidens ſimpliciter, & pro<lb></lb>priè mouerentur: ni mirum oporteret elementa per ſe neque <lb></lb>ſurſum ferri, neque deorſum, <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> inhærere aliquibus, quæ il<lb></lb>lis motibus ſurſum, & deorſum per ſe agitarentur: constat <lb></lb>autem elementa non ita moueri, ſed ipſa, aut ſurſum, quo le<lb></lb>uia; aut deorſum, quo grauia, ſuopte proprio nixu tendere: <lb></lb>Ergo non ſimpliciter, per accidens mouentur, ſed alio modo <lb></lb>tantum, id est minus propriè.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000972"><emph type="italics"></emph>Neque fingere aliud <expan abbr="quippiã">quippiam</expan> licet, in quo <expan abbr="hæreãt">hæreant</expan>: & quod <lb></lb>iis motibus, per ſe moueantur: nam illud, quod nam eſſet, mi<lb></lb>nimè inueniretur, quantamuis ſummam diligentiam in eo ex<lb></lb>quirendo adhibere volueris. </s> <s id="s.000973">Aliquo modo tamen elementa <lb></lb>per accidens mouentur: quoniam medium diſrumpitur, & <lb></lb>elementorum nixu diuiditur: ideo quò citius medium ſectum <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="145" xlink:href="011/01/165.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>fuerit, eo celerius elementa mouebuntur: ſine cuius medij di<lb></lb>uiſione, & diſſectatione elementa nulla vmquam ratione mo<lb></lb>uebuntur: quapropter per accidens elementa mouentur ad <lb></lb>medij ſcilicet diuiſionem, ac ſectionem: mouentur etiam <lb></lb>per accidens, quia ſine motu generantis, ſine motu illius, quod <lb></lb>impedimentum tollit, & ſine motu medij in partes diuiſi ele<lb></lb>menta non mouentur: aguntur etiam per accidens, quia in <lb></lb><expan abbr="elemẽtis">elementis</expan> nullus est motus, niſi quatenus illis accidit, aut extra <lb></lb>proprium locum ex aliena materia, vt generentur, aut violen<lb></lb>tiam paſſa, extra propria loca extruſa, ad ea vt ferantur, ſi<lb></lb>ne quibus, aut omnibus, aut quibusdam, elementa nullo natu<lb></lb>rali motu ciebuntur: hac ergo ratione, id est minus propriè ele<lb></lb>menta naturali motu cieri à ſe per accidens, non iniuria dice<lb></lb>re poſſumus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.000974">Elementa à ſe per ſe moueri, & eſt ſeptima pro<lb></lb>poſitio. </s> <s id="s.000975">Cap. XXXII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000976">ELEMENTORVM <emph type="italics"></emph>hanc eſſe naturam, vt à ſe non <lb></lb>tantum, per accidens vt nuper demonſtrauimus, sed & <lb></lb>per ſe moueri, nunc demonſtrabimus, & primo. </s> <s id="s.000977">Omnis <lb></lb>motus naturalis ab intrinſeco principio primam ſui ortus ori<lb></lb>ginem repetit. </s> <s id="s.000978">Sed elementorum motus eſt naturalis: ergo eo<lb></lb>rumdem motus ab intrinſeco principio primam ſui ortus origi<lb></lb>nem repetit. </s> <s id="s.000979">Hic motus non à materia naſcitur: quia ipſa, <lb></lb>cum non ſit in actu non mouet: ergo à forma, cuius est moue<lb></lb>re, cum ſit actus libro ſecundo de generatione, & interitu par<lb></lb>ticula quinquageſimatertia; & tertio phyſicorum particula <lb></lb>decimaſeptima, ſed quod à propria forma mouetur, per ſe à ſe<lb></lb>metipſo mouetur: ergo <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> ea, per ſe à ſemetipſis <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="146" xlink:href="011/01/166.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000980"><emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa à ſe ipſis ſuarum motionum intrinſecum habere <lb></lb>principium confirmatur auctoritate Ariſtotelis libro quarto <lb></lb>de cælo particula vigeſimaquarta, vbi poſita ſimilitudine in<lb></lb>ter ea, quæ ad locum mouentur, & inter ea quæ alterantur, <lb></lb>differentiam nanciſcitur, & ait. </s> <s id="s.000981">Quæ ad locum cientur, & <lb></lb>aut grauia ſunt, aut leuia, ab his, quæ alterantur, hoc potissi<lb></lb>mum differunt: quod hæc, quæ locum mutant in ſe ipſis, mo<lb></lb>tus ſui principium habent, quippe quod naturaliter, ac ſua <lb></lb>ſponte moueantur: illa vero, quæ qualitatem, & <expan abbr="quantitatẽ">quantitatem</expan> <lb></lb>mutant, non in ſe, sed extrinſecus adueniens <expan abbr="habẽt">habent</expan> motus prin<lb></lb>cipium, &c. </s> <s id="s.000982">ergo de ſententia Ariſtotelis in hoc loco elemen<lb></lb>ta ab intrinſeco motore concitantur: ergo à ſe per ſe natura<lb></lb>li motu cientur. </s> <s id="s.000983">Confirmatur. </s> <s id="s.000984">Non poteſt (ait Auerroes) <lb></lb>libro primo de cælo particula duodeuigeſima) numerari cor<lb></lb>pus naturale, cuius motus non vt naturalis, ſed elementa cor<lb></lb>pora ſunt naturalia. </s> <s id="s.000985">Ergo elementorum motus eſt naturalis, <lb></lb>ſed motus naturalis fit à natura, quæ est per ſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> mo<lb></lb>tus intrinſecum. </s> <s id="s.000986">Ergo elementa per ſe ab intrinſeco principio, <lb></lb>quod eſt natura mouentur: ergo à ſe per ſe: <expan abbr="eã">eam</expan> obrem Auer<lb></lb>roes addidit, vniuerſaliter manifestum est, eorum motum <lb></lb>eſſe per ſe, & mox ait Auerroes: neceſſe est verificare in hoc <lb></lb>loco, quod motus elementorum non eſt ab extrinſeco: quamuis <lb></lb>manifestum ſit per ſe. </s> <s id="s.000987">Cum itaque manifeſtum ſit elementa <lb></lb>non moueri ab extrinſeco: & notum ſit ita, vt nulli ſua do<lb></lb>mus nota magis, elementa moueri: exploratum etiam erit ab <lb></lb>intrinſeco principio eadem naturali motu cieri. </s> <s id="s.000988">Sed <expan abbr="intrinſecũ">intrinſecum</expan> <lb></lb>principium est per ſe principium: ergo mouentur à ſe per ſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000989"><emph type="italics"></emph>Confirmatur ex Auerrois explanatione libro ſecundo phy<lb></lb>ſicorum <expan abbr="cõmentatione">commentatione</expan> prima: vbi Aristoteles ait. </s> <s id="s.000990">Quæ natu<lb></lb>ra constant, omnia intra ſemetipſa motus, & status princi-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="147" xlink:href="011/01/167.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>pium habent, &c. </s> <s id="s.000991">Scripſit Auerroes dum Ariſtotelis dicta <lb></lb>expoſuit. </s> <s id="s.000992">Non inuenitur corpus ſimplex, quod alteretur ex <lb></lb>ſe, aut quod generetur ex ſe, ſicut inuenitur corpus ſimplex, <lb></lb>quod ex loco ad locum transfertur ex ſe, Idem literis conſi<lb></lb>gnauit Auerroes libro quarto de cælo commentatione vigeſi<lb></lb>maquarta, & non rarò alibi. </s> <s id="s.000993">Perindeac ſi Auerroes affir<lb></lb>mare voluiſſet, quod nam ſit id, quod inter mobile interest; & <lb></lb>inter id corpus quod gignitur, & alteratur: ac dixiſſet. </s> <s id="s.000994">Ni<lb></lb>hil se per ſe aut gignit, aut alterat, ſed omne, quod vel gigni<lb></lb>tur, vel alternatur, extrinſeco alternante indiget: & quod <lb></lb>graue est, aut leue, extrinſeco mouente non eget, ſed à ſe per <lb></lb>ſe ſuopte nixu, aut ſurſum, aut deorſum fertur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000995"><emph type="italics"></emph>Confirmatur. </s> <s id="s.000996">Omne motum à ſua natura est motum à ſe <lb></lb>per ſe, vt dixit Auerroes libro tertio de cælo commentatione <lb></lb>vigeſima, & duodetrigeſima, & ex definitione naturæ editæ <lb></lb>libro ſecundo Phyſicorum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000997"><emph type="italics"></emph>Sed elementum eſt à ſua natura motum, non à materia, <lb></lb>quam non mouere ſupra diximus: ergo à ſua forma, quæ lon <lb></lb>gè verius eſt natura, quam materia, libro secundo <expan abbr="Phyſicorũ">Phyſicorum</expan> <lb></lb>particula duodecima, & quinto Diuinorum capite de natu<lb></lb>ra: ergo elementum eſt motum à ſe per ſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.000998"><emph type="italics"></emph>Confirmatur ex his, quæ dicta ſunt ab Ariſtotele libro se<lb></lb>cundo de cælo particula ſeptuageſimaquinta de cauſa quietis <lb></lb>terræ, quam in diſquiſitionem accerſciuit & exploſis complu<lb></lb>ribus antiquorum falſis opinionibus, ſuam postremò ſenten<lb></lb>tiam conſtituit, dum ait. </s> <s id="s.000999">Eadem est cauſa quietis terræ, & <lb></lb>motus illius. </s> <s id="s.001000">Sed propria terræ natura, quæ est grauitas, est <lb></lb>cauſa quietis in terra: ergo propria terræ natura, quæ eſt gra<lb></lb>uitas, & est cauſa motus illius. </s> <s id="s.001001">Grauitas enim, & leuitas, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>quam elementorum naturæ non ſunt, accidentia tamen pro-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="148" xlink:href="011/01/168.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>pria eſſe <expan abbr="cẽſentur">cenſentur</expan>: quæ <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> formas, & naturas neceſſa<lb></lb>riò ſequuntur, & ex principiis primis intrinſecis at que imme<lb></lb>diatis ſpecierum, vt aquæ ex propriis fontibus manant: gra<lb></lb>uitati, & leuitati elementorum motus, tum ab Ariſtotele, <lb></lb>tum ab aliis compluribus, quorum nomina ſupra retulimus, <lb></lb>tribuuntur, & formarum loco vſurpantur: quia <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <lb></lb>formæ propriis nominibus carent, vt in principio diximus: er<lb></lb>go elementa à ſe per ſe mouentur ab eadem grauitate, & le<lb></lb>uitate, à qua habent vt quieſcant: hæc est per ſe cauſa quie<lb></lb>tis: ergo erit per ſe cauſa motus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001002"><emph type="italics"></emph>Confirmatur ex Auerroe libro quarto Phyſicorum com<lb></lb>mentatione sexageſimanona. </s> <s id="s.001003">Cauſa (ait Auerroes) quietis <lb></lb>in loco eſt cauſa motus ad locum, cum elementum est extra <lb></lb>proprium locum, ſed cauſa quietis in loco, est per ſe cauſa. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001004">Ergo cauſa motus ad locum est per ſe cauſa: quieſcunt enim <lb></lb>merito grauitatis, & leuitatis, quas eſſe motus per ſe cauſas <lb></lb>eſt sæpe repetitum. </s> <s id="s.001005">Ergo elementa à ſe per ſe ad proprium lo<lb></lb>cum mouebuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001006"><emph type="italics"></emph>Cofirmatur ex eodem Auerroe libro quinto de phyſico au<lb></lb>ditu commentatione sexageſimaquarta, dicente. </s> <s id="s.001007">Quies eſt à <lb></lb>natura, id eſt à cauſa exiſtente in re, sed cauſa exiſtens in re, <lb></lb>quæ eſt natura, eſt per ſe cauſa: ergo elementa à ſe per ſe quie<lb></lb>ſcunt: ergo à ſe per ſe mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001008"><emph type="italics"></emph>Confirmatur ex libro <expan abbr="ſecũdo">ſecundo</expan> de cælo commentatione octua<lb></lb>geſima, & nonageſimaſecunda, & centeſimaſecunda: vbi <lb></lb>Auerroes hæc ad verbum ſcripta reliquit. </s> <s id="s.001009">Cauſa quietis ter<lb></lb>ræ non est niſi eius differentia. </s> <s id="s.001010">Ergo cauſa motus terræ non <lb></lb>erit niſi illius differentia; Sed differentia per ſe de eo cuius eſt <lb></lb>differentia dicetur. </s> <s id="s.001011">Ergo cauſa motus terræ per ſe de terra di<lb></lb>cetur. </s> <s id="s.001012">Ergo terra, & quod libet aliud elementum, quod à pro<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="149" xlink:href="011/01/169.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>pria differentia mouetur à ſe per ſe mouetur, quod proban<lb></lb>dum aſſumpſimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001013">Elementorum motum non à materia, quæ eſt prin<lb></lb>cipium, quod patitur, ſed à forma, quæ eſt <lb></lb>principium, quod agit, dici natura<lb></lb>lem. </s> <s id="s.001014">Cap. XXXIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001015">VTRVM <emph type="italics"></emph>ne elementorum motus ſit naturalis à forma, <lb></lb>quæ tantum facit: an verò materia, quæ motum à for <lb></lb>ma factum accipit, grauis controuerſia eſt inter Ari<lb></lb>stotelis expoſitores, eoſdèm præſertim, qui inter illos primos te <lb></lb>nent. </s> <s id="s.001016">Simplicius (vt complures latinos, qui ſtant à parte illius <lb></lb>conſulto omittamus) libro octauo Phyſicorum particula trige<lb></lb>ſimaſecundaid tribuit elementis ratione principij, quod pati<lb></lb>tur: cuius hæc ferè ſunt verba.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001017"><emph type="italics"></emph>Cum elementa à ſe ipſis actiuè non moueantur; sed ab aliis <lb></lb>extrinſecis: rationi <expan abbr="conſentaneũ">conſentaneum</expan> eſt, vt <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> motus natu<lb></lb>ralis ſit, propter <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> intrinſecum <expan abbr="passiuũ">passiuum</expan>: natura enim <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <expan abbr="intrinſecũ">intrinſecum</expan> motus, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="extrinſecũ">extrinſecum</expan>: ſupereſt ergo <lb></lb>vt <expan abbr="horũ">horum</expan> motus ſit naturalis à passiuo principio, quod eſt mate<lb></lb>ria: non solum enim id, quod mouet, dicitur in ſe ipſo habere <lb></lb>principium motus; sed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> id, quod mouetur, habet id quoque <lb></lb><expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus: immo procul dubio magis. </s> <s id="s.001018"><expan abbr="Nomẽ">Nomen</expan> enim motus <lb></lb>eſt <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan> multorum, tam <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan>, quæ mouent, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan>, quæ <lb></lb>mouentur, immo in eo quod mouetur est motus, & non in eo <lb></lb>quod mouet; vt libro iii. </s> <s id="s.001019">de phyſico auditu dixit Ariſtoteles. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001020">Motus eſt actus mobilis, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mouentis. </s> <s id="s.001021">Ei ergo, quo mouetur <lb></lb>magis <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan> motus, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ei quod mouet. </s> <s id="s.001022">Dicuntur <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan> corpo<lb></lb>ra naturalia habere <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <expan abbr="intrinſecũ">intrinſecum</expan>, vt moueantur, quod <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="150" xlink:href="011/01/170.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>facultatem habent, & inclinationem, vt in id moueantur; in <lb></lb>quod, dum <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan>, ab aliquo hoc motu <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan>, cuius <expan abbr="prin-cipiũ">prin<lb></lb>cipium</expan> habent: <expan abbr="inſitũ">inſitum</expan> enim eſſe à natura, vt aliquod moueatur <lb></lb>aliquo motu eſt habere <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> talis motus: quemadmodum <lb></lb>qui docilis eſt, & natura captus ad philoſophiam, habet prin<lb></lb>cipium philoſophiæ non vt alium philoſophum faciat, sed vt <lb></lb>ipſæ fiat philoſophus. </s> <s id="s.001023">Ergo elementum, quod naturali motu <lb></lb>aut ſurſum, aut deorſum mouetur; ideo naturaliter moueri di<lb></lb>citur, quia à natura inſitum habet ſui motus passiuum princi<lb></lb>pium, & non actiuum. </s> <s id="s.001024">Hæc Simplicius ferè ad verbum: <expan abbr="ſen-tentiã">ſen<lb></lb>tentiam</expan> eamdem habet. </s> <s id="s.001025">Theodorus Metochites eodem in loco.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001026"><emph type="italics"></emph>Propter <expan abbr="Platonẽ">Platonem</expan> id fortè ſenſit Simplicius; cuius ſententias <lb></lb>mordicus tenuit: ratus eſt enim ex Diuini Platonis vberrimis <lb></lb>fontibus <expan abbr="philoſophiã">philoſophiam</expan> vniuerſam eſſe hauriendam, quæ à mate<lb></lb>ria, quæ eadem ſemper manet, & vnde omnia generantur; & <lb></lb>non à forma, quæ ſæpe numero variatur, res ſingulas eſſe ap<lb></lb>pellandas in Timæo ſcripſit: idque hoc vno auri exemplo con<lb></lb>firmauit, dum dixit. </s> <s id="s.001027">Vaſa omnia aurea, licet diuerſas for<lb></lb>mas habeant, <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> aurum verè appellantur, quia aurum ex <lb></lb>quo omnia vaſa fiunt, ſemper eſt idem: vaſa, quia illorum for <lb></lb>ma ſubinde mutatur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> sunt semper eadem; eam ob cauſam <lb></lb>nomen <expan abbr="mutãt">mutant</expan>. </s> <s id="s.001028">Idem fortè Simplicius de grauibus, & leuibus <lb></lb>elementis dicendum eſſe cenſuit, in quibus materia ſemper eſt <lb></lb>eadem, licet forma mutetur: ideo ab eadem elementorum ma<lb></lb>teria, quæ manet, & non à forma, quæ variatur, <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <lb></lb>motum naturalem dici, ex diuiui Platonis fontibus Simpli<lb></lb>cius hauſit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001029"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex eadem fonte manat alter quorumdam error, qui na<lb></lb>turam de materia tantum primo dici crediderunt, & de for<lb></lb>ma non niſi propter materiam: eam ob rem in hos, & in alios <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="151" xlink:href="011/01/171.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>grauissimos errores ſedissimè lapſi fuerunt. </s> <s id="s.001030">Huic tamen <expan abbr="ſen-tẽtiæ">ſen<lb></lb>tentiæ</expan> reclamat Ariſtoteles libro ſecundo <expan abbr="Phyſicorũ">Phyſicorum</expan> particula <lb></lb>ſeptima, vbi multis grauissimis argumentis Antifontem acer<lb></lb>rimè vrget, qui rebatur materiam tantum, & non formam <lb></lb>eſſe naturam; vnde neceſſariò ſequebatur à materia, & non à <lb></lb>forma motum dici naturalem: ideo particula duodecima fa<lb></lb>cta comparatione inter materiam, & formam naturam de <lb></lb>vtriuſque dici conſtantissimè affirmauit; ſed primo, at que po<lb></lb>tissimum de forma, poſtremò de materia; idque non vno tan<lb></lb>tum, ſed multis argumentis confirmari potest; quorum pri<lb></lb>mum illud eſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001031"><emph type="italics"></emph>Caſum, & fortunam, quæ est cauſa, quæ per accidens ope<lb></lb>ratur, ad naturam perindeac ad cauſam per se Ariſtoteles <lb></lb>redigit. </s> <s id="s.001032">Porrò caſus eſt cauſa efficiens, & non materialis: <lb></lb>ergo & natura, ad quam caſus redigitur, erit cauſa efficiens: <lb></lb>ergo natura non tantum de eo principio, quod patitur, ſed de <lb></lb>eo, quod agit, dicitur: Ariſtoteles intextu ita apertè loquitur; <lb></lb>vt effugere nemo possit, quin credat, deceptum fuiſſe, qui con<lb></lb>trarium ſentit: idque non modo affirmat, sed & argumento <lb></lb>efficaci confirmat dicens. </s> <s id="s.001033">Vnaquaque res tum denique dici<lb></lb>tur eſſe, cum re ipſa, & actu eſt potius quam cum eſſe poteſt. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001034">Ergo forma, cuius cauſa res in actu eſt, naturæ potius nomi<lb></lb>ne, quam materia, propter quam res eſſe tantum potest, ap<lb></lb>pellanda est: ex quibus quis non videat naturam primo, & <lb></lb>potissimum dici de forma, & poſtremò de materia, & propter <lb></lb><expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, & non propter <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, tantum, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> dici <expan abbr="naturalẽ">naturalem</expan>?<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001035"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo generatio eſt natura, quia eſt via, quæ ducit ad <lb></lb>naturam, vt generatio non ad materiam, sed ad formam du<lb></lb>cit, quod forma, & non materia vltimus generationis termi<lb></lb>nus ſit; ad quem generatio tendit: ergo forma eſt primo, & <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="152" xlink:href="011/01/172.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>potissimum natura, & à forma motus naturalis appellatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001036"><emph type="italics"></emph>Tertio; ſi natura de materiali <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> principio diceretur, <lb></lb>terra naturaliter aſcenderet, & ignis naturaliter deſcende<lb></lb>ret, quia terræ materia ſic comparata eſt, vt aſcendere possit, <lb></lb>& ignis materia ſic instituta eſt, vt deſcendere valeat. </s> <s id="s.001037">Mate<lb></lb>ria non minus advnum, quam ad alium motu, & priori non <lb></lb>raro contrarium naturalem inclinationem habet: forma ea <lb></lb>eſt quæ adhunc, vel illum motum propenſionem materiæ præ <lb></lb>stat, ſint qua forma materiæ vis, non magis ad <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan>, quem ad <lb></lb>illum motum inclinatur. </s> <s id="s.001038">Nec propterea forma à materia <lb></lb>non cohercetur, ſed vtramque modo tamen diuerſo cohercet. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001039">Forma, materiam ad omnem motum ſuapte natura propen<lb></lb>ſam ad motum vnum, eumdemque determinatum cohibet. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001040">Materia è contra formam, quæ neque loco illi à quo & ad <lb></lb>quem, aut tempori, per quod moueat, obnoxia est; certum fi<lb></lb>nitumque locum, & tempus contrahit: ita vt altera ab alte<lb></lb>ra contrahatur: huius rei ſimilitudinem in numeris perſpicuè <lb></lb>intueri licet, in quorum quolibet vnitas multitudinem, ne ad <lb></lb><expan abbr="indeterminatã">indeterminatam</expan> infinitatem defluat, compeſcit: è contra mul<lb></lb>titudo ad certam, definitamque naturam vnitatem definit, & <lb></lb>contrahit: ideo <expan abbr="Auicẽna">Auicenna</expan> de numero ſeptemnario dixit ſeptem <lb></lb>ſunt tantum ſeptem: & non duo, & quinque: nec tria & <lb></lb>quatuor; nec ſex, & vnum, quia vnitas multitudinem com<lb></lb>peſcit; certamque ei <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> ad ſeptemnarium numerum tri<lb></lb>buit, quæ alioqui indeterminata eſt. </s> <s id="s.001041">Vicissim multitudo <expan abbr="vni-tatẽ">vni<lb></lb>tatem</expan> cohercet, vt propria ſeptemnarij numeri fiat, ita vt aliis <lb></lb>numeris non accomodetur. </s> <s id="s.001042">Eadem fermè ratio in forma, & <lb></lb>materia cernitur. </s> <s id="s.001043">Forma infinitam <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>, ad omnem mo<lb></lb>tum inclinatam ad vnum cohibet. </s> <s id="s.001044">Materia vicissim <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>ad omnem locum, & ad omne tempus propenſam, cohercet:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="153" xlink:href="011/01/173.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>non enim forma per hunc locum in hoc tempore ab hoc termi<lb></lb>no, & ad hunc <expan abbr="terminũ">terminum</expan> ſine cohibente materia moueret, quia <lb></lb>mediis interminatis materiæ coeuis <expan abbr="dimẽſionibus">dimenſionibus</expan> materiæ for<lb></lb>ma coniungitur, & propter eaſdem ab vno ad vnum per <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> <lb></lb>terminatur, at que finitur: contra materia ſuapte natura in <lb></lb>definita à finiente, ac terminante forma, & à dimenſionibus <lb></lb>terminatis, quæ in materia formam conſequuntur, ac finiunt, <lb></lb>terminatur, atque finitur: vt copioſissimè docuit Auerroes, <lb></lb>capite primo de ſubstantia orbis, & ſæpe numero alibi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001045"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quarto. </s> <s id="s.001046">quilibet violentus elementorum motus eſſet natu<lb></lb>ralis, cum in quolibet elemento ſit materia apta adquem libet <lb></lb>motum, vel etiam violentum: at Simplicius ratus eſt elemen<lb></lb>torum motum a materia, & propter materiam dici natura<lb></lb>lem: ergo deceptus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001047"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quinto. </s> <s id="s.001048">mors violenta eſſet naturalis, ſi natura de mate<lb></lb>ria, aut tantum aut potissimum diceretur, & ſi propter ma<lb></lb>teriam motus eſſet naturalis: quapropter animal aut mucro <lb></lb>ne traiectum, aut à lapide ictum, aut à fulmine tactum, aut <lb></lb>ab igne <expan abbr="cõbuſtum">combuſtum</expan>, aut laqueo ſuſpenſum, aut in mare demer<lb></lb>ſum ita vt ad <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan> interitum duceretur, naturaliter mo<lb></lb>ueretur, quod in eo ſit materia, quæ hanc violentam <expan abbr="mortẽ">mortem</expan>, <lb></lb>vt alterum, quod non agit principium, ſed ſolummodo pati<lb></lb>tur, excipit; à quo patiente principio motum naturalèm di<lb></lb>ci putant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001049"><emph type="italics"></emph>Sexto. </s> <s id="s.001050">quæ ab arte fiunt, quatenus artificioſa ſunt, natu<lb></lb>rali motu cierentur: quia in eis est materia, à qua, auctore <lb></lb>Simplicio, motus naturalis nuncupatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001051"><emph type="italics"></emph>Septimo. </s> <s id="s.001052">aqua naturaliter calefieret, & ignis <expan abbr="frigiditatẽ">frigiditatem</expan> <lb></lb>natura contraheret, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> in aqua ſit materia, ſic à natura com<lb></lb>parata, vt caliditatem accipere possit, & in igne ſit materia <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="154" xlink:href="011/01/174.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ad frigiditatem excipiendam pari modo propenſa.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001053"><emph type="italics"></emph>Octauo. </s> <s id="s.001054">Aristoteles quarto libro Phyſicorum particula <lb></lb>octuageſimaquinta viſus eſt dixiſſe: grauitatem & <expan abbr="leuitatẽ">leuitatem</expan>, <lb></lb>ex parte repugnantiæ contrariæ, quæ in ipſis inuenitur, repu<lb></lb>gnantium <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> eſſe cauſas agentes: ergo elementorum mo<lb></lb>tus ab eo principio, quod patitur, naturalis ſolummodo non di<lb></lb>citur, ſed longè etiam magis ab agente.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001055"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nono. </s> <s id="s.001056">Ariſtoteles libro ſecundo de cælo particula cente<lb></lb>teſimaquarta ſcriptum reliquit: minorem grauitatem à ma<lb></lb>iori grauitate impelli: at non pelleret niſi vt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, quod <lb></lb>facit, impelleret: ergo propter id principium, quod facit, ele<lb></lb>mentorum motus eſt naturalis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001057"><emph type="italics"></emph>Decimo. </s> <s id="s.001058">In natura elementorum eſt principium, quod pa<lb></lb>titur: ergo & principium, quod agit: conſequentia probatur <lb></lb>ex particula duodeuigeſima tertij libri de anima, vbi in ani<lb></lb>ma agentis intellectus necessitatem Aristoteles probat: quod <lb></lb>in ea, qui patitur intellectus possibilis propterea nuncupatus, <lb></lb>inueniatur: ergo & in natura elementorum est principium <lb></lb>motus, quod agit ſi in ea eſt principium motus, quod patitur, <lb></lb>illud non eſt materia: Ergo forma; ergo à forma motus na<lb></lb>turalis dicitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001059"><emph type="italics"></emph>Confirmatur cuilibet per ſe agenti principio, principium, <lb></lb>quod per ſe patitur è regione opponitur: de ſententia Ariſto<lb></lb>telis libro quinto Diuinorum particula decimaſeptima, ſed in <lb></lb>elementis est, quod patitur principium: ergo in illis princi<lb></lb>pium id etiam erit, quod agit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001060"><emph type="italics"></emph>Vndecimo. </s> <s id="s.001061">Ariſtoteles libro quinto Diuinorum particu<lb></lb>la quinta de natura verba facit, & hunc non leuem errorem <lb></lb>funditus euertit; ita vt mirandum fuerit, cur ſemper & vbi <lb></lb>que oculatissimus Simplicius <expan abbr="eũdem">eundem</expan> non viderit. </s> <s id="s.001062">Docet enim <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="155" xlink:href="011/01/175.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>naturam dici quinque modis. </s> <s id="s.001063">Tertius illæ est: qui <expan abbr="omnẽ">omnem</expan> ſcru<lb></lb>pulum tollit; cui non Auerroes ſolum, sed & Alexander, & <lb></lb>complures alij non vulgares philoſophi ſubſcripſerunt, & in <lb></lb>eam, quam Aristoteles ibi ſcripſit pedibus iuere ſententiam: <lb></lb>ſi Alexandri ſit liber illæ, qui ſub <expan abbr="Alexãdrinomine">Alexandri nomine</expan> circum <lb></lb>fertur; & non Michaelis Ephæſii, quem magis quam <expan abbr="Alexãdrũ">Alexam<lb></lb>drum</expan> redolet: vt cumque <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> res ſeſe habeat; locus dignus eſt <lb></lb>qui ad verbum maturè legatur: eumdem nos huc non addu<lb></lb>cimus, ne argumentorum multitudo lectoribus nauſeam mo<lb></lb>ueat: & ne eoſdem ad noſtra ab Ariſtotele auocemus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001064"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec Simplicij argumenta aliquod <expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan> habent; <expan abbr="quãdoquidem">quan<lb></lb>doquidem</expan> vtrique principio, & ei certè quod agit, & ei, quod <lb></lb>patitur inſit motus licet ratione diuerſa: in eo, quod agit, prin<lb></lb>cipio ineſt motus, quia agens principium motum facit: impa<lb></lb>tiente principio inest etiam motus, quia quod patitur princi<lb></lb>pium, motum ab agente principio factum excipit: vt ſanum <lb></lb>de medicamento ſanitatem facientem; & de animali factam <lb></lb>ſanitatem accipiente dicitur ex quarto libro Diuinorum par<lb></lb>ticula ſecunda. </s> <s id="s.001065">In vtroque <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> principio, ſed ratione diſpari <lb></lb>natura inuenitur, id quod tum argumentis magnorum philo<lb></lb>ſophorum, tum etiam Ariſtotelis potissimum, auctoritate ſu<lb></lb>pra probauimus. </s> <s id="s.001066">Vtrumque principium eſt intrinſecum: quo<lb></lb>niam corpora omnia, quæ natura constant, ex vtroque prin<lb></lb>cipio conflantur: ex materia certè, quæ eſt principium, quod <lb></lb>patitur, & ex forma, quæ est alterum principium, quod agit <lb></lb>& omnia naturalia corpora principium habent, non tantum <lb></lb>vt moueantur, sed vt moueant etiam: non ſecus ac philoſophiæ <lb></lb>principium & in eo est, qui docet, & in eo, qui addiſcit, licet <lb></lb>ratione diuerſa: hallucinatus est ergo Simplicius, & eius <expan abbr="ar-gumẽta">ar<lb></lb>gumenta</expan> non <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> falſitate, sed & debilitate victa <expan abbr="labaſcũt">labaſcunt</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="156" xlink:href="011/01/176.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001067"><emph type="italics"></emph>Primò. </s> <s id="s.001068">quidem falſum aſſumit cum dicit: elementa à ſe <lb></lb>ipſis actiuè non moueri, sed & aliis extrinſecis, perindeac ſi <lb></lb>nihil ab extrinſeco, & ab intrinſeco ſimul moueri possit: prin<lb></lb>cipium enim extrinſecum elementa mouens, ab illis <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> <lb></lb>intrinſecum à quo moueantur, non excludit: in lapide, quod <lb></lb>ex ſuperiore loco deorſum violentia truditur, eſt <expan abbr="vtrũque">vtrunque</expan> prin<lb></lb>cipium, quod extrinſecus vim infert, ac trudit; est & lapidis <lb></lb>natura quæcumque ſit illa; quæ lapidem deorſum ſpontè du<lb></lb>cit, ergo & extrinſecum principium, <expan abbr="domeſticũ">domeſticum</expan>, at que intrin<lb></lb>ſecum principium ſecum tolerat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001069"><emph type="italics"></emph>Falſum est etiam id quod constantissimè affirmauerat, <lb></lb>dum dixerat: corpora naturalia habere principium, vt mo<lb></lb>ueantur passiuum; quia facultatem habent, & c. </s> <s id="s.001070">non enim <lb></lb>propter eam ſolam facultatem, qua <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> moueri poſſunt, <lb></lb>eadem principium habent, vt moueantur, ſed propter vim <lb></lb>agendi mouentem, naturalia corpora habent, vt ab eadem <lb></lb>mouendi facultate moueantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001071"><emph type="italics"></emph>Falſum est etiam id, quod dixerat: philoſophum non ha<lb></lb>bere principium, vt alium philoſophum faciat, sed tantum vt <lb></lb>ipſæ fiat philoſophus: Cum experientia rerum magistra, nos <lb></lb>doceat: bonum citharœdum non niſi à bono citharœdo fieri, <lb></lb>& bonum <expan abbr="philoſophũ">philoſophum</expan> non niſi à bono philoſopho fieri, vt Theo<lb></lb>phraſtus ab Ariſtotele, Ariſtoteles à Platone, & Plato à <lb></lb>Socrate didicit: & boni poſteriores philoſophi à bonis priori<lb></lb>bus philoſophis facti fuerunt. </s> <s id="s.001072">Huc afferri quam aptissimè <lb></lb>poteſt illud, quod veteri prouerbio fertur. </s> <s id="s.001073">Boni corui bonum <lb></lb>ouum. </s> <s id="s.001074">Philoſophus itaque, qui aptus eſt natura ad philoſo<lb></lb>phiam, non ſolum habet principium, vt ipſæ fiat philoſophus, <lb></lb>sed etiam vt alium philoſophum faciat: poſt quam ipſæ prius <lb></lb>factus eſt philoſophus: ideo Aristoteles libro primo Diuino-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="157" xlink:href="011/01/177.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>rum dixit: ſignum ſcientis eſt alios poſſe docere.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001075"><emph type="italics"></emph>Veritate tamen aliquando coactus Simplicius dixit. </s> <s id="s.001076">No<lb></lb>men motus eſſe commune multorum, tam eius ſcilicet quod <lb></lb>mouet; quam eius, quod mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001077"><emph type="italics"></emph>Cur ergo Simplicius motorem intrinſecum ab elementis ex<lb></lb>plodit? </s> <s id="s.001078">ſi motus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> de mobili, sed <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> de motore dicitur? <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001079">Cur motum propter motorem, & non propter mobile tantum <lb></lb>naturalem eſſe affirmauit? </s> <s id="s.001080">valeat ergo cum monſtruoſa hac <lb></lb>ſua opinione Simplicius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001081"><emph type="italics"></emph>Theodorus Metochites, qui ſententiam eamdem proba<lb></lb>uit, ſibi ipſi aduerſatur dum dicit. </s> <s id="s.001082">Quando accepto habi<lb></lb>tu, & ipſa forma operatur, per ipſum citra impedimentum, <lb></lb>vt ſi leue <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> feratur ſurſum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> repræſſum ab aliquo, quod <lb></lb>obſiſtat, tunc mouetur, ſecundo modo à forma, quæ eſt actu in <lb></lb>ipſo ſecundum naturam proximè post mutationem, & <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>, <lb></lb>qui fit ab eo, quod agit, & paullo poſt idem repetit, dum dicit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001083">Quod mouetur ex habitu, ſiue eo, quod est potestate, ſecundo <lb></lb>modo ad operandum id quod ſecundum naturam eſt <expan abbr="propriũ">proprium</expan>, <lb></lb>mouetur ab ipſa, quæ inerat perfecta forma, & mouendi po<lb></lb>testate prædita, &c. </s> <s id="s.001084">Quæ omnia tota (vt aiunt) diame<lb></lb>tro illis aduerſantur, quæ verissima putat, dum, cum Simpli<lb></lb>cio dicit. </s> <s id="s.001085">Motum elementorum eſſe naturalem, propter prin<lb></lb>cipium ſolum quod patitur, non autem propter id <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, <lb></lb>quod agit. </s> <s id="s.001086">Cum elementum factum ab ea forma moueri di<lb></lb>catur, cuius munere habet vt ſit, & vt moueatur, & cuius eſt <lb></lb>agere de ſententia Aristotelis libro secundo de generatione. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001087">Nihil eſt etiam, quod de materia, quæ ſemper eſt eadem, & à <lb></lb>qua propterea ſumitur nomen vt Plato dixit, quia <expan abbr="quanquā">quanquam</expan> <lb></lb>id est in alteratione verissimum, in qua, quæ alterantur no<lb></lb>men non perdunt, in ortu autem, & interitu id verum eſſe ne-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="158" xlink:href="011/01/178.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>quit: in quibus ea, quæ generantur, at que intereunt, <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan> <lb></lb>à qua nomen ſumitur, omnino amittunt: ideo nomen muta<lb></lb>tur, vt docuit Ariſtoteles libro ſecundo de phyſico auditu, in <lb></lb>his quæ ab arte, & in his quæ à natura fiunt. </s> <s id="s.001088">Id in auri mu<lb></lb>tatione ſpectatur, quæ nec generatio, nec interitus dici poteſt. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001089">Sed alteratio tantum: qua in mutatione Aristoteles etiam <lb></lb>ſubiectum nomen ſuum ſeruare concedit, quod in his, quæ <lb></lb>oriuntur, at que intereunt fieri negat. </s> <s id="s.001090">Eam ob rem non ab ele<lb></lb>mentorum omnium communi materia, dum elementa <expan abbr="gignũ-tur">gignun<lb></lb>tur</expan> ea nomen, & motum accipiunt; sed à forma, quæ in gene <lb></lb>ratione mutatur elementorum nomen accipitur, & eorum<lb></lb>dem motus naturalis appellatur. </s> <s id="s.001091">Neganda ergo conſequen<lb></lb>tia eſt; dum dicitur. </s> <s id="s.001092"><expan abbr="Aurũ">Aurum</expan> cum alteratur ſemper eſt idem: <lb></lb>ergo à materia nomen accipitur, àqua motum accipi diffici<lb></lb>lius, immo nulla ratione creditur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001093"><emph type="italics"></emph>Veterrimi illi Poetæ, vt Orphæus, & Hexiodus, qui Theo<lb></lb>logi nuncupabantur, multo grauius peccauerunt: qui rebus <lb></lb>mobilibus, vt ſunt elementa, nullos motores adhibuerunt, sed <lb></lb>noctem vniuerſitatis parentem, à qua elementorum & cæte<lb></lb>rarum omnium rerum natura, & motus excitaretur, in <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> <lb></lb>mundum introduxerunt: ſiue illis denſissimis primæ materiæ <lb></lb>tenebris, ſiue obſcurissimo nihilo, ſiue Chaos antiquo per <expan abbr="quãdam">quan<lb></lb>dam</expan> ſimilitudinem nomen noctis aſcripſerint. </s> <s id="s.001094"><expan abbr="Quoniã">Quoniam</expan> neque <lb></lb>lateres, neque arenæ, neque lapides ſine architecto edificatio<lb></lb>nem aliquam moliuntur: neque ad fœtus formandos ſola fœ<lb></lb>mina ſufficit: neque terra frondes, stirpes, & arbores partu<lb></lb>rire, variasque fruges, ac fructus parere poſſet, niſi ſemina <lb></lb>conciperet: ita elementa ſine motoribus directa non ferun<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s id="s.001095">Elementorum ergo motores, eoſdemque intrinſecos ad in <lb></lb>uenire coguntur, qui presto ſint omnibus, ſine quorum vi mo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="159" xlink:href="011/01/179.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>uente nullus eſt motus: quos <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> inuenire non possint, perobſcu<lb></lb>rissimas denſissimaſque noctis tenebras, neſcientes quò ten<lb></lb>dant, incauti feruntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001096">Forma elementi materiam eiuſdem elementi <lb></lb>mouet: & eſt octaua propoſitio. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001097">Cap. XXXIIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001098">FORMAM <emph type="italics"></emph>elementi eiuſdem elementi mouere mate<lb></lb>riam ſcripſit Auerroes libro quarto Phyſicorum com<lb></lb>mentatione ſeptuageſimaprima: & libro tertio de cælo <lb></lb>commentatione vigeſimaſecunda; & non raro alibi: idque ex <lb></lb>Theophrasto probatur libro tertio ſuorum naturalium, di<lb></lb>cente: Ea quæ fiunt aut à ſimili, vt homo ab homine; aut à <lb></lb>dissimili, & contrario, vt fulmina, & fulgura, quorum ignis <lb></lb>ab aeris frigiditate gignitur, aut ab eo, quod actu eſt, ſeu<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb><foreign lang="grc">ἐντελεχεια</foreign>, <emph type="italics"></emph>vt homo à ſole fit: qui ei nec eſt ſimilis, nec con<lb></lb>trarius, ſed elementorum motus à contrario non fit: motus <lb></lb>enim deorſum à contrario motu ſurſum non gignitur, nec mo<lb></lb>tus ſurſum à contrario motu deorſum naſcitur: non fit etiam <lb></lb>elementorum motus à ſimili: quia motus ſurſum motum ſur<lb></lb>ſum, & motus deorſum motum deorſum ſimilem non facit: er<lb></lb>go vterque motus ſurſum, & deorſum ab<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">ἐντελεχεια</foreign> <emph type="italics"></emph>id eſt <lb></lb>actu fit, sed<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> <foreign lang="grc">ἐντελεχεια</foreign>, <emph type="italics"></emph>seu actus elementorum est eorum<lb></lb>dem forma: ergo ab elementi forma fit motus elementi; quæ <lb></lb>tenus eiuſdem elementi materiam mouet, in qua est facultas <lb></lb>actui contraria: & ad hunc motum ab hac forma factum <lb></lb>excipiendum idonea. </s> <s id="s.001099">Modus, quo materia á forma moue<lb></lb>tur explicatus eſt ſupra, & infra vberius explicabitur: nunc <lb></lb>hæc dixiſſe ſat erit. </s> <s id="s.001100">Materiam ex ſe non moueri cum non niſi <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="160" xlink:href="011/01/180.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>propter formam in materia acceptam motui ſubiiciatur; quæ <lb></lb>materia priusquam moueatur, formam accipit, natura ſal<lb></lb>tem, & origine, & ſinon tempore prius, materia tamen est <lb></lb>per ſe mobilis, & natura eius eſt, vt moueatur, & prius quam <lb></lb>forma: quia forma non niſi quatenus est in materia mota, <lb></lb>mouetur: & non niſi quatenus materia eſt principium pri<lb></lb>mum, quod patitur: quod ſi materiæ, ad hoc vt motui ſubii<lb></lb>ciatur, neceſſaria forma eſt; hoc non eſt, quia forma ſit mate<lb></lb>riæ ratio ſuſcipiendi motum, ſed quia forma dat materiæ <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <lb></lb>existendi, ſine quo materia moueri nequit; & cum quo moue <lb></lb>ri poteſt: dat etiam forma materiæ inclinationem ad hunc <lb></lb>vel illum motum, ſine qua forma inclinante materia non ma<lb></lb>gis vnum, quam alium motum, & etiam contrarium accipe<lb></lb>re potest; vt ecce materia prima, quæ vi naturaque ſua & <lb></lb>ſurſum, & deorſum recta ferri valet: hæc eadem materia à <lb></lb>grauitatis forma inclinationem habet ad motum deorſum; & <lb></lb>à forma leuitatis fit, vt materia ſuapte natura ad omnem mo<lb></lb>tum accipiendum idonea, ad ſolum motum ſurſum ſit propen<lb></lb>ſa, id tamen non effectiuè, sed formaliter tantum (vt ita di<lb></lb>cam) intelligi debet: forma enim elemento ex materia, & <lb></lb>ex forma <expan abbr="cõcreto">concreto</expan> dat motum effectiuè: & materiæ eiuſdem <lb></lb>elementi dat motum formaliter: ſi ſic loqui licet, id est for<lb></lb>ma, vt forma motum dat materiæ: & forma, vt efficiens mo<lb></lb>tum dat elemento: aliorum enim more aliquando loqui cogi<lb></lb>mur. </s> <s id="s.001101">Materia igitur ea eſt, quæ ſine inclinatione eidem à for<lb></lb>ma præstita, quemlibet motum, etiam contrarium vi, natu<lb></lb>raque ſua excipere poteſt; à forma verò inclinationem mate<lb></lb>riæ præstante materia habet, vt ad hunc, & non ad illum mo<lb></lb>tum inclinetur. </s> <s id="s.001102">Forma etiam vt forma in quamlibet loci dif<lb></lb>ferentiam ſuopte nixu mouet: sed à materia, cui coniungi-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="161" xlink:href="011/01/181.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tur, vim mouendi terminatam nanciſcitur, ita vt ſint ſibi in<lb></lb>uicem cauſæ ratione tamen diuerſa, vt exemplo vnitatis in <lb></lb>numero capite præcedenti declarauimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001103">Corollarium.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001104">HINC <emph type="italics"></emph>ſequitur in partem per ſe motam, & in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> <lb></lb>per ſe mouentem quodlibet elementum diuidi, lices <lb></lb>in partem actu per ſe motam, & in partem actu per <lb></lb>ſe mouentem non diuidatur: qua ratione intelligi debet Ari<lb></lb>stoteles libro octauo Phyſicorum particula vigeſimaſeptima <lb></lb>& vigeſimaoctaua, & vigeſimanona, qui elementa non mo<lb></lb>ueri à ſe per ſe propriè compluribus argumentis probare con<lb></lb>tendit: potissimum, quia in partem per ſe motam, & in par<lb></lb>tem per ſe mouentem nullum elementum diuiditur: id est, <lb></lb>non diuiditur in partem actu per ſe motam, nec in partem <lb></lb>actu per ſe mouentem; perindeac animalia: licet in partem <lb></lb>per ſe motam, & in partem per ſe mouentem diuidatur, sed <lb></lb>non actu pars eſt per ſe mota, aut per ſe mouens, vt in anima<lb></lb>libus, quorum corpora actu distincta ab animalibus actu mo<lb></lb>uentibus agitantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001105">Corollarium alterum.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001106">HINC <emph type="italics"></emph>etiam ſequitun: materiam aliquo modo per ſe, <lb></lb>& aliquo modo per accidens moueri: qua ratione ma<lb></lb>teria eſt principium primum accipiendi motum, modo <lb></lb>quodam per ſe moueri dicitur, & qua ratione materia non <lb></lb>mouetur, niſi actui, & formæ prius ſubiiciatur, materia per <lb></lb>accidens mouetur, id quod intelligere eſt, ex his quæ ſupra á <lb></lb>nobis abundè diſputata fuerunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="162" xlink:href="011/01/182.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001107">Corollarium tertium.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001108">E<emph type="italics"></emph>x quo paruo negocio intelligimus, quid inter mobile ani <lb></lb>matum, quod graditur, & inter mobile ſimplex, quod <lb></lb>gradiendi motu non cietur, interſit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001109"><emph type="italics"></emph>Mobile animatum, quod progreditur, prius quam mouea<lb></lb>tur, actu exiſtit, & prius quam moueatur idem numero mo<lb></lb>ueri potest. </s> <s id="s.001110">Mobile ſimplex, quod eſt actu motum, non est <lb></lb>actu prius, quam moueatur, sed: ſimul at que fit moueri inci<lb></lb>pit, niſi per aliud impediens ſtet, quo minus id fiat. </s> <s id="s.001111">Mobile <lb></lb>animatum; quod prius quam moueatur, est facultate mobile, <lb></lb>facultatis ſubiectum in actu habet; at mobile ſimplex, quod <lb></lb>priusquam moueatur, eſt facultate mobile, facultatis ſubie<lb></lb>ctum actu non habet, sed facultate tantum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001112"><emph type="italics"></emph>Facultate mobile in corporibus ſimplicibus non eſt illud, <lb></lb>quod actu mouetur, quia terra ſurſum, & ignis deorſum dire<lb></lb>cto ferri poſſunt; quæ tamen terra non eſt terra, cum ſurſum <lb></lb>attollitur; sed iam facta eſt ignis, & ignis deſiit eſſe ignis, cum <lb></lb>præceps deorſum ruit; quò prius quam deſcendat deſcendere <lb></lb>valebat, vt terra prius quam aſcenderet, aſcendere & ipſa po<lb></lb>terat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001113"><emph type="italics"></emph>In corporibus animatis, quæ progrediuntur facultate mo<lb></lb>bile illud est, quod actu mouetur, vt animal longè prius quam <lb></lb>moueatur, moueri poteſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001114"><emph type="italics"></emph>Fundamentum necnon facultatis ad motum in corpori<lb></lb>bus ſimplicibus est pura, ſola, nuda, ſimplexque facultas; quæ <lb></lb>nihil aliud est, quam prima materia: quatenus tamen ea eſt <lb></lb>ſub forma ſimplicis elementi. </s> <s id="s.001115">In mobilibus autem animalibus, <lb></lb>fundamentum facultatis ad motum eſt corpus in actu: ani<lb></lb>malitem eſt mobile ſecundum eſſentiam, quippe quod in par<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="163" xlink:href="011/01/183.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="tẽ">tem</expan> actu per ſe motam, & in partem actu per ſe mouentem di<lb></lb>uidatur: eam ob rem in eo pars actu per ſe mota parti actu <lb></lb>per ſe mouenti reſiſtit. </s> <s id="s.001116">Mobile ſimplex eſt mobile ſecundum <lb></lb>accidens, quia vacat parte actu per ſe mota, ac <expan abbr="reſistẽte">reſistente</expan>; ideo <lb></lb>ſi pars elementorum mota mouetur, id ei ſi aliunde accidere <lb></lb>opus est, nempè à generante ab eo, quod impedimentum tol<lb></lb>lit, & à medio moto: perindeac nauta à nauigio per ſe moto <lb></lb>per accidens mouetur: it a corpus ſimplex, aut graue, aut leue <lb></lb>dum aut ſurſum, aut deorſum directo fertur, medium mouet, <lb></lb>per quod fertur, & ſeper accidens ad motum medij. </s> <s id="s.001117">Ani<lb></lb>malia ab intrinſeco principio mouentur, ſimplicia, ab extrin<lb></lb>ſeco generante, & à medio moto, & ab eo, quod impedimen<lb></lb>tum tollit. </s> <s id="s.001118">A generante, quod elemento genito formam præ <lb></lb>stitit, & cum præſtita forma omnia accidentia, quæ formam <lb></lb>neceſſariò conſequuntur: ideo generans dat motum elemen<lb></lb>to, qui motus elementi nuper genitam formam conſequitur: <lb></lb>nam ſimul at que ignis ex terra gignitur, ſurſum aſcendere <lb></lb>incipit, niſi aliquid obstet: eo amoto impedimento, quod mo<lb></lb>tui obſiſtebat, ignis ex terra genitus effugere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poterit, quin <lb></lb>ſurſum euolet: generans enim motus cauſam vniuerſam ele<lb></lb>mento præſtitit, quamobrem elemento genito illico motus na<lb></lb>ſcitur. </s> <s id="s.001119">Animal aliam cauſam expectat, & valde diuerſam <lb></lb>ab ea quam generans dedit, appetitum videlicet, qui non à ge<lb></lb>nerante, sed ab extrinſeco mouente gignitur: vt Bos ad <lb></lb>aquam non priusquam eamdem appetat mouetur, rei extrin<lb></lb>ſece appetitum animalia mouere, docuit Aristoteles libro de <lb></lb>anima tertio circa finem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001120"><emph type="italics"></emph>Multa alia inter animal, quod graditur, & inter mobile <lb></lb>ſimplex interſunt, quæ ab Auerroe recenſentur libro quarto <lb></lb>de cælo commentatione vigeſimaſecunda: ad quæ legenda<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>; <pb pagenum="164" xlink:href="011/01/184.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>vos omnes vocamus, vt ex propriis fontibus manantem <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> <lb></lb>puriorem hauriatis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001121">Corollarium quartum.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001122">HINC <emph type="italics"></emph>etiam mouentium, & motorum ſimplicium, per<lb></lb>petuum, eumdemque imperturbatum ordinem intel<lb></lb>ligere poſſumus, & primo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001123"><emph type="italics"></emph>Si elementum non dum eſt actu, id quod futurum eſt, sed <lb></lb>facultate tantum, id eſt, ſi terra non dum migrauit in <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan>, <lb></lb>ſed in eumdem tantum migrare poteſt, tunc facultatem ha<lb></lb>bet eſſentialem (vt vocant) ad motum ſurſum, & generante <lb></lb>indiget, à quo actu gignatur, & à quo, mediante nuper geni<lb></lb>ta forma motus efficiatur: quia vt formam (quod ſæpe nu<lb></lb>mero diximus) ita quæ formam neceſſario conſequuntur, ele<lb></lb>mentum genitum generanti refert acceptum: ſi autem ele<lb></lb>mentum actu id eſt, quod erat futurum, & per impedimen<lb></lb>tum stat, quo minus moueatur, facultatem habet accidenta<lb></lb>lem ad motum, & ab eo tunc mouetur; a quo impedimentum <lb></lb>aufertur: deinde forma elementi ea eſt, quæ per ſe mouet: hæc <lb></lb>forma mouet ſe, vt est in materia mota, mouet materiam <lb></lb>ſuam, & medium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001124"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ordo ergo hic eſt mouentium. </s> <s id="s.001125">Primo est generans, & mo<lb></lb>uens impedimentum. </s> <s id="s.001126"><expan abbr="Secũdo">Secundo</expan> forma, materiam, & totum ele<lb></lb>mentum, & medium mouet: mouet etiam forma ſe ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>totius elementi. </s> <s id="s.001127">Tertio totum elementum mouet ſe ratione <lb></lb>tamen partis: id eſt ratione formæ mouet etiam medium. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001128">Quarto medium ab elemento prius motum, <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> illud mo<lb></lb>uet à quo mouetur, perindeac <expan abbr="nautã">nautam</expan> ab illa moueri & mane<lb></lb>re ſæpe diximus à quo nauem moueri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> raro affirmauimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001129"><emph type="italics"></emph>Res motæ ſunt primo loco materia à generante mota, & à <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="165" xlink:href="011/01/185.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſua propria forma, & impedimentum à remouente mouetur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001130">Secundo <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, & forma elementi tum à generante, tum <lb></lb>à remouente impedimentum mouetur. </s> <s id="s.001131">Tertio medium tum <lb></lb>ab elemento, tum à ſe ipſo, id eſt à propria forma mouetur, <lb></lb>postquam tamen ab extrinſeco impellente excitatum fuerit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001132">Quarto elementum totum à ſemetipſo mouetur, prius tamen <lb></lb>medium ab elemento cietur, quam medium cieat elementum <lb></lb>origine, & natura ſaltem, & ſi non tempore prius. </s> <s id="s.001133">Ergo totus <lb></lb>elementorum motus non est per accidens ad motum medij: <lb></lb>cum nullus prior motus à motu posteriore pendeat, primam <lb></lb>que ſui ortus originem repetat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001134"><emph type="italics"></emph>Habet autem quæſtionem non leuem, neque vulgarem, id <lb></lb>quod non raro repetitum eſt hactenus: elementum ſcilicet mo<lb></lb>uere ſe prius, quam medium moueat: quia tunc elementum <lb></lb>ſine aliqua tum intrinſeca, tum extrinſeca reſiſtentia moue<lb></lb>tur, quod probatur. </s> <s id="s.001135"><expan abbr="Mediũ">Medium</expan> ideo reſiſtit, quia ægrè diuiditur, <lb></lb>& quia ab elemento non ſine difficultate ſeinditur ac diſtrahi<lb></lb>tur, sed <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan>, quod stat in motu <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſcinditur, non diuiditur, <lb></lb>nec in diuerſas partes diſtrahitur. </s> <s id="s.001136">Ergo tunc <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> extrinſecè <lb></lb>non reſiſtit, nec materia prima intrinſeca reſistit, quia quæ <lb></lb>actu res nulla eſt, sed nuda, ſola, ſimplex, quæ facultas reſiſte<lb></lb>re nequit: at materia vi naturaque ſua actu res nulla eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001137">Ergo materia intrinſecè reſiſtere nequit. </s> <s id="s.001138">Mouetur ergo tunc <lb></lb>elementum ſine vlla aut intrinſeca, aut extrinſeca reſiſtentia, <lb></lb>quod tam falſum, quam falſissimum, & tam abſurdum, <lb></lb><expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> abſurdissimum eſſe ſupra efficacissimè demonſtrauimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001139"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo primo ad materiam, ſecundo ad formam, ad <lb></lb>materiam: re ſiſtentia propter continuationem in quolibet mo<lb></lb>tu neceſſaria est; quæ continuatio ſine tempore non fit. </s> <s id="s.001140">Ergo <lb></lb>vbi nullus est motus continuus, & vbi nullum eſt tempus, ibi <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="166" xlink:href="011/01/186.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>nulla neceſſaria eſt reſistentia; at elementum, motu continuo <lb></lb>in tempore facto, ſe tempore prius quam moueat, medium <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>mouet, sed origine, atque natura <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>: ideo mirandum non <lb></lb>est, ſi nulla tunc aut extrinſeca, aut intrinſeca reſistentia eſt <lb></lb>neceſſaria hæc ad materiam.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001141"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad formam negatur primum antecedens, ad probatio<lb></lb>nem <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> comeditur, sed falſum, & abſurdum eſſe negatur, <lb></lb>moueri tunc elementum ſine vlla, aut intrinſeca, aut extrin<lb></lb>ſeca reſiſtentia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001142"><emph type="italics"></emph>Contra ergo motus ille erit indiuiduus, & in <expan abbr="momẽto">momento</expan> tem<lb></lb>poris factus, quod fieri non poſſe demonſtratum est ab Ari<lb></lb>stotele libro ſexto Phyſicorum particula quinquageſima; con<lb></lb>ſequentia probatur, quia propter continuationem <expan abbr="reſiſtentiã">reſiſtentiam</expan> <lb></lb>neceſſariam eſſe nuper affirmauimus, & non propter aliam <lb></lb>quamlibet cauſam: ergo vbi nulla eſt reſiſtentia, ibi nulla eſt <lb></lb>continuatio: verum in illo priori, in quo elementum ſe prius, <lb></lb>quam medium mouet, nulla est reſistentia; ergo nulla eſt ibi <lb></lb>continuatio: quod erat probandum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001143"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo & fateor, elementum mouere ſe prius, quam <lb></lb>medium moueat origine, ac natura, & non tempore prius: <lb></lb>hunc tamen motum eſſe indiuiduum, & in momento tempo<lb></lb>ris factum minime ſequitur, quoniam hic motus nuncupan<lb></lb>dus non est, sed ſubita, & momentanea (vt it a dicam) mu<lb></lb>tatio: cui quid obſtat, quo minus in temporis momento fiat? <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001144">certè nihil: vt illuminatio, quæ & ipſa momentanea eſt mu<lb></lb>tatio, & maximum ſp<expan abbr="aciũ">acium</expan> ſine vlla aut intrinſeca, aut extrin<lb></lb>ſeca reſistentia in indiuiduo temporis momento afficit: pari <lb></lb>ratione elementum in inſtanti origine, & natura, non autem <lb></lb>tempore prius mouet ſe, quam medium: idque ſine vlla, aut <lb></lb>extrinſeca, aut intrinſeca reſistentia fit: & eſt hæc ſubita,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="167" xlink:href="011/01/187.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>& momentanea mutatio, & non motus: hæc ad materiam: <lb></lb>ad formam negandam est illum eſſe motum, & dandum eſt <lb></lb>illam eſſe vnam ex his mutationibus in momento, quæ fieri <lb></lb>poſſunt: in quo nullum motum vmquam fieri poſſe, ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele demonſtratur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001145">Totum elementum a propria illius forma per ſe <lb></lb>primo mouetur, & eſt nona propoſitio. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001146">Cap. XXXV.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001147">TOTVM <emph type="italics"></emph>elementum ab eiuſdem elementi propria for <lb></lb>manon modo per ſe, sed & quod mirabilius eſſe vide<lb></lb>tur, per ſe & primo moueri probatur, argumento du<lb></lb>cto ex prima demonſtratione Ariſtotelis libro ſeptimo Phy<lb></lb>ſicorum & in octauo non modo repetita, vt complures ſom<lb></lb>niarunt, sed & quod perpauci nouerunt, artificiosè amplifi<lb></lb>cata particula duodetrigeſima: hæc quoniam ferè omnium eſt <lb></lb>demonſtrationum, quas Aristoteles vmquam ſcripſerit, ad <lb></lb>intelligendum difficillima, eidem ordinis lumen adhibere opus <lb></lb>est, vt quam maximè ſint perſpicua, & aperta, quæ ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele inuoluta legentibus proponuntur. </s> <s id="s.001148">Nonnulla ergo de mo<lb></lb>re prius adnotabuntur. </s> <s id="s.001149">Ariſtotelis deinceps demonſtratio in <lb></lb>propriam formam redacta lectoribus plena offeretur. </s> <s id="s.001150">Tertio <lb></lb>nostra ſententia ex Ariſtotelis demonstratione confirmabi<lb></lb>tur, qua Peripatetica methodo fiet, vt rerum abditarum in<lb></lb>telligentia iuuetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001151"><emph type="italics"></emph>Primo ergo ſciendum est, omnem motum habere <expan abbr="motorẽ">motorem</expan>, <lb></lb>ibi locorum ab Aristotele non demonstrari, vt nonnulli fal<lb></lb>sò ſunt rati, id quod quam optimè animaduertiſſe viſus eſt ocu<lb></lb>latissimus Auerroes libro ſecundo Phyſicorum commenta-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="168" xlink:href="011/01/188.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tione tertia & libro ſeptimo Phyſicorum commentatione deci<lb></lb>matertia. </s> <s id="s.001152">Etenim omne omne motum habere motorem nemo <lb></lb>inficias ibit. </s> <s id="s.001153">Quis enim tam ſtupidus vmquam fuerit, qui mo<lb></lb>bile habere motorem negauerit? </s> <s id="s.001154">nemo me hercule nemo, niſi <lb></lb>communi ſenſu caruerit; & ea quæ ſunt ſuapte natura nota, <lb></lb>demonſtranda non eſſe, pro certo ſcimus ex his quæ Ariſto<lb></lb>teles tum ſæpenumero alibi, tum primo Posteriorum ſcripta <lb></lb>reliquit. </s> <s id="s.001155">Quærit autem Ariſtoteles. </s> <s id="s.001156">Vtrumne omne motum <lb></lb>habeat motorem, ab eo, quod mouetur, distinctum, an verò <lb></lb>res quæ mouetur, motorem habeat, qui ſit omnino idem cum <lb></lb>eo, quod mouetur: & à motore ab eo quod mouetur, distincto <lb></lb>rem mobilem moueri, eo loco demonstratur: idque propter <lb></lb>Platonem, qui ſimplicem animam à ſe ipſa moueri rebatur; <lb></lb>quippe qui <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> eſſe numerum ſe ipſum mouentem non mo<lb></lb>do ſcripſerit, sed ſe quam artificiosè demonſtrauiſſe falsò cre<lb></lb>diderit, vt ſupra memorauimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001157"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo ſciendum: quæ mouentur aut per ſe, aut per ac<lb></lb>cidens, mouentur per accidens eorum quæ mouentur, non vnæ <lb></lb>eſt differentia: nam quædam per accidens moueri dicuntur, <lb></lb>quia inſunt aliis, quæ per ſe mouentur; vt ſi quando candi<lb></lb>dum animal ambulare viderimus, animal per ſe, candor per <lb></lb>accidens ad motum animalis mouebitur: non enim quia can<lb></lb>didum, sed quia animal, cui candor accidit, animal moueri <lb></lb>dicitur. </s> <s id="s.001158">Alter est modus, quo cauſa partis aliquid <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <lb></lb>accidens mouetur, non quia ipſum totum moueatur, sed quia <lb></lb>æliqua pars totius concitetur, dum omnes aliæ conquieſcunt, <lb></lb>vt ſi oculo, aut pectori medicamenta adhibeantur, ita vt quæ <lb></lb>prius male valebant membra, deinceps bene valeant, animal <lb></lb>totum conualuiſſe dicimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001159"><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Quãdo">Quando</expan> non ratione partis, nec ratione accidentis <expan abbr="cuiuſpiã">cuiuſpiam</expan>,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="169" xlink:href="011/01/189.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>quippiam mouetur, ipſum per ſe moueri dicitur, cuius multæ <lb></lb>ſunt differentiæ & generum, & ſpecierum, quas prudentes <lb></lb>præterimus, quòd ad rem noſtram non faciunt, & ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele explicantur in principio libri quinti Phyſicorum. </s> <s id="s.001160">Quæ <lb></lb>per ſe mouentur, alia primo, alia non primo mouentur: in mo<lb></lb>tibus naturalibus ea primo moueri cenſentur, quæ non alie<lb></lb>na vi, ſed natura ſua propria concitantur, vt ſi triangulum <lb></lb>habere tres angulos dixerimus, quod non aliena vi, sed ratio<lb></lb>ne, qua triangulus eſt, tres angulos habere compertum ſit om<lb></lb>nibus; Scalenon autem tres angulos habet, sed <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> primo, quia <lb></lb>non ratione, qua scalenon; sed ratione qua triangulus tres an<lb></lb>gulos habeat: ergo non ratione propria, sed ratione alterius; <lb></lb>qua de re ſcripſit Aristoteles libro primo Posteriorum capi<lb></lb>te, cui titulus est; de his, quæ per ſe, & primo dicuntur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001161">Ad motum deſcendendo. </s> <s id="s.001162">Id primo motum nuncupatur, quod <lb></lb>non aliena vi, sed ſuapte vi, ac natura cietur: id nec eſt ſecun<lb></lb>dum partem, nec ſecundum accidens, ſed ſecundum totum, <lb></lb>& ſua natura motum, vt auctor est Auerroes libro ſeptimo <lb></lb>Phyſicorum commentatione ſecunda.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001163"><emph type="italics"></emph>Est & alter modus illius, quod primo moueri dicitur ab <lb></lb>initio libri quinti Phyſicorum ab Ariſtotele explicatus, & id <lb></lb>est, quod ſecundum totum, & <expan abbr="ſecũdum">ſecundum</expan> quamlibet ſui partem <lb></lb>mouetur, idque ei opponitur, quod ex aliqua tantum parte cie<lb></lb>tur, vt Alexandro arriſit, vel tum ei, quod ſecundum par<lb></lb>tem, vel tum ei, quod ſecundum accidens motu recto cieri dici<lb></lb>tur, opponitur, vt Simplicio, Theodoro Metochiti, & nonnul<lb></lb>lis aliis Ariſtotelis expoſitoribus placuit. </s> <s id="s.001164">Inter hæc duo pri<lb></lb>ma hoc conuenit, quod vtriſque poſitis & ea ponuntur, quæ <lb></lb>illis primo inſunt, & de quibus dicuntur, vt poſita participa<lb></lb>tione rationis, quæ primo modo primo inest homini, & primo <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="170" xlink:href="011/01/190.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>modo de homine dicitur, primo & homo ponitur, & poſito <lb></lb>motu, qui & ſecundum totum, & ſecundum aliquam ſui par<lb></lb>tem fit, id ponitur, quod tali motu primo mouetur: vt rotun<lb></lb>da conuerſione poſita, qua totum cælum, & ſingulæ cæli par<lb></lb>tes in orbem conuertuntur, & cælum illico ponitur, quod ro<lb></lb>tunda conuerſione conuertitur, & vtriſque exploſis, illa explo<lb></lb>dentur, quibus hæc inſunt, & de quibus dicuntur: vt ſi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſint <lb></lb>tres anguli, nec <expan abbr="triãgulus">triangulus</expan> erit, & ſi rotunda conuerſio in natu<lb></lb>ra non ſit, nec cælum erit; quod tali conuerſione conuertitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001165"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec obſtat illud, quod graue ſurſum locum, & leue deor<lb></lb>ſum à motu aliquando impediri contingit: ex quo exploſo mo<lb></lb>tu, id non explodendi cui motum primo ineſſe diximus, colli<lb></lb>gere nituntur. </s> <s id="s.001166">Nam motus hoc loco non actum ſed <foreign lang="grc">ρὁπην</foreign>, id <lb></lb>est momentum, inclinationem, pondus, ſeu motum ſignificat, <lb></lb>quo grauia ad motum deorſum, & leuia ad motum ſurſum in <lb></lb>elinatur, vt aduerſus Themistium ſupra confirmauimus. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001167">Inter id quod primo modo, & inter id, quod ſecundo modo, di<lb></lb>citur primo hoc intereſt; qui à quolibet particulari, & à quo<lb></lb>libet illius parte, id quod primo modo dicitur primo abſtule<lb></lb>rit, à toto id abſtuliſſe non creditur, vt homo, quem primo mo<lb></lb>do rationis participem primo, dicimus; non propterea ratio<lb></lb>nis particeps eſſe deſinit, quod participatio rationis à quibus <lb></lb>libet particularibus hominibus, & à quolibet eorumdem par<lb></lb>te exploditur: nam ſi nullus particularis homo ſit ſuperſtes, <lb></lb>adhuc vera est hæc propoſitio. </s> <s id="s.001168">Homo est rationis particeps, <lb></lb>sed qui id quod secundo modo dicitur primo, à totius, vel vna, <lb></lb>vel pluribus partibus abſtulerit; & id à toto omnino abſtuliſſe <lb></lb>notum eſt omnibus, vt vna parte totius quieſcente, totum pri<lb></lb>mo non mouetur, sed ſecundum partem eam tantum, quæ cie<lb></lb>tur, alioqui totum mouebitur, & quieſcet, mouebitur, & non <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="171" xlink:href="011/01/191.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>mouebitur: quapropter actu, & facultate erit, quæ omnia <lb></lb>præterquam, quod fieri non poſſunt, etiam ſunt abſurda. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001169">Quæ iis, quæ mouentur aſcripſimus, iis etiam, quæ mouent li<lb></lb>bro quinto Phyſicorum ab Aristotele aſcribuntur particula <lb></lb>(nimirum) ſecunda; alia per ſe, alia per accidens mouent, <lb></lb>quæ per accidens mouent, vel inſunt aliis, quæ per ſe mouent, <lb></lb>vt muſicus, qui inest medico, quia eidem accidit, per accidens <lb></lb>ſonat, vel cauſa partis, vt quando homo manu rotam mouet, <lb></lb>aut manu percutit; aut aliquod aliud agit, vel quod mouet, <lb></lb>non per accidens, sed per ſe mouet: idque duobus modis con<lb></lb>tingit, vel per ſe tantum, vel per ſe & primo: quod eſt de om<lb></lb>ni per ſe, & ſecundum quod ipſum, vt auctor eſt Ariſtoteles <lb></lb>libro primo Poſteriorum analiticorum. </s> <s id="s.001170">Præter hunc modum <lb></lb>mouendi primo eſt & alter modus eorum, quæ primo mouent; <lb></lb>quia non ſecundum partem, sed ſecundum totum mouent, id <lb></lb>que ei opponitur, quod vel ſecundum partem tantum, vt Ale<lb></lb>xander Aphrodiſienſis voluit, vel ſecundum <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan>, & ſecun<lb></lb>dum accidens mouet, opponitur, vt Simplicius credidit: hæc <lb></lb>quoniam ex his, quæ ſupra copiosè diſputauimus, facilè intel<lb></lb>liguntur, iis omissis ad alia properamus. </s> <s id="s.001171">Non nihil etiam in<lb></lb>tereſt inter id, quod a ſe, ſeu ex ſe, & inter id, quod per ſe mo<lb></lb>uet, & mouetur: nam quædam ſunt, quæ per ſe mouent, & <lb></lb>mouentur non tamen ex ſe, sed ex. </s> <s id="s.001172">aliis, vt elementa, quæ ſuo<lb></lb>pte motu aguntur, quia ſecundum naturam, ab aliis tamen, <lb></lb>quia à generantibus ſecundum facultatem eſſentialem nun<lb></lb>cupatam cientur: ſecundum facultatem autem accidentalem <lb></lb>vacatam, per se ab eorum natura mouentur; at non ex ſe, sed <lb></lb>ab aliis: quia ab illis, quæ impedimenta tollunt. </s> <s id="s.001173">Quæ à ſe, seu <lb></lb>per ſe, seu ex ſe mouentur, ſunt animalia, dum deorſum de<lb></lb>ſcendunt: hæc à ſe, seu ex ſe moueri dicuntur, quia non ab <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="172" xlink:href="011/01/192.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>alio extrinſeco principio id habent, vt moueantur: ſunt enim <lb></lb>omnia animalia ſic à natura comparata, vt terreum <expan abbr="elemen-tũ">elemen<lb></lb>tum</expan> graue in eis exuperet, vt meminit Ariſtoteles libro quar<lb></lb>to meteorologicorum, à quo exuperante elemento mouentur <lb></lb>vt libro primo de cælo ſcribitur: ideo ſuopte nixu, ac motu ab <lb></lb>anima, quod est intrinſecum & domeſticum principium per <lb></lb>se, ex ſe, seu à se deſcendunt. </s> <s id="s.001174">At ſi animal Salebroſum ſcan<lb></lb>dere montem incipiat, aut ſuper scalam rectam aſcendat, aut <lb></lb>super rectum parietem repat, aut ſaltet, aut aliud quid ſimi<lb></lb>le agat; per ſe certè, ad hæc omnia concitabitur; ab anima ſci <lb></lb>licet, quæ eſt natura: ideo per ſe, & primum eſt intrinſecum <lb></lb>principium motus illius, non tamen ex ſe, quia non ſecundum <lb></lb>naturam, quæ enim grauia ſunt, vt cuiuslibet animalis mem<lb></lb>bra, non ſecundum naturam ſursum, sed deorsum, & violen<lb></lb>tia ſursum, & non deorſum, aguntur: id quod animali etiam <lb></lb>vſu veniſſe compertum eſt; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> volutatur: non enim est obſcu<lb></lb>rum animal tunc per ſe ipſum moueri totum: at cum animal <lb></lb>circumuoluitur, partes præter <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> aſcendunt, ſiquis <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>non in pedes, ſed in manus capite ad terram conuerſo, & pe<lb></lb>dibus in altum elatis, conetur ingredi, per ſe mouebitur, quia <lb></lb>ab anima, quæ eſt per ſe motus principium; at non ex ſe, quia <lb></lb>non ſecundum naturam, sed contra naturalem partium incli<lb></lb>nationem partes mouebuntur; quæ omnia nota ſunt ex Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis octauo libro Phyſicorum particula vigeſimaſeptima, <lb></lb>& vigeſimaoctaua. </s> <s id="s.001175">At quoniam has <expan abbr="loquẽdi">loquendi</expan> formulas alias <lb></lb>pro aliis philoſophi vicissim vſurpant, hanc diligentem earum <lb></lb>dem diſtinctionem & nos miſſam faciemus, & aliam pro alia <lb></lb>vicissim aliorum more vſurpabimus. </s> <s id="s.001176">Tertio ſciendum indi<lb></lb>uiduum nullum primo poſſe moueri, sed per accidens <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan>, <lb></lb>vt punctum, quod est indiuiduum ad motum magnitudinis<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="173" xlink:href="011/01/193.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>non per se, ſed per accidens tantum mouetur: id quod primo <lb></lb>mouetur, neceſſe eſt, vt ſit corpus omni ex parte diuiduum: <lb></lb>quippe cum id, quod mouetur, ex aliquo in aliquod neceſſario <lb></lb>moueatur; quod diuiduis tantum corporatis magnitudinibus <lb></lb>tribuitur: ne ſi indiuiduis tribueretur id quod mouetur, aut <lb></lb>in vtroque termino motus, aut in neutro ſimul inueniretur,<lb></lb>aut ſpacium totum ſimul, aut potius nullam illius partem oc<lb></lb>cuparet; aut <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>, aut mobile minus minimo poneretur, quæ <lb></lb>omnia ſunt tam incommoda quam incommodissima: hac de <lb></lb>re Ariſtoteles accuratissimè ſcripſit libro quinto Phyſicorum <lb></lb>particula ſexageſimaſecunda, & libro ſexto particula trigeſi<lb></lb>maſecunda, & libro octauo particula quadrageſima, & qua<lb></lb>drageſimaſexta.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001177"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quarto ſciendum, ea quæ mouentur ab extrinſeco, aut ab <lb></lb>intrinſeco principio mouentur, quæ extrinſecus citantur, vel <lb></lb>pelluntur, aut vehuntur, vel trahuntur, vel circumuoluuntur, <lb></lb>vt auctor eſt Ariſtoteles libro ſeptimo Phyſicorum particula <lb></lb>decima. </s> <s id="s.001178">Quæ intrinſecus cientur, vel per appetitionem, & ani<lb></lb>mæ impulſionem, aguntur vt animalia, vel ſecundum natu<lb></lb>ram, vt elementa, & ea mixta, quæ ab exuperante elemento <lb></lb>mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001179"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quinto ſciendum, in confeſſo eſſe omnibus, modo senſum <lb></lb>communem habeant, ea omnia, quæ extrinſecus mouentur, <lb></lb>habere motorem ab eo quod mouetur, omnino distinctum: <lb></lb><expan abbr="nãquod">nanquod</expan> pellitur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> à semetipſo, ſed ab altero pellente pellitur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001180">Quod fertur non à ſemetipſo, sed ab altero ferente fertur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001181">Quod trahitur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> à ſemetipſo, sed ab altero <expan abbr="trahẽte">trahente</expan> trahitur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001182">Quod circumuoluitur non à ſemetipſo, sed ab altero circum<lb></lb>uoluente, circumuoluitur. </s> <s id="s.001183">Ergo omne, quod extrinſecus mo<lb></lb>uetur, à motore mouetur, quod eſt distinctum ab eo, quod mo-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="174" xlink:href="011/01/194.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>uetur: id quoniam eſt notissimum, Aristoteles in principio ſe<lb></lb>ptimi libri Phyſicorum in quœſtionem non vocat. </s> <s id="s.001184">Quæ <expan abbr="ſuarũ">ſuarum</expan> <lb></lb>motionum intrinſecum principium habent; ea omnia à primo <lb></lb>motore diſtincto mouentur, quamuis is, quis nam ſit, noſtros <lb></lb>ſenſus fugiat; quamquam lateat nos. </s> <s id="s.001185">Vtrumne animal to<lb></lb>tum à ſemetipſo toto primo moueatur, cum tamen animalis <lb></lb>putre cadauer immotum ſpectamus, inde intelligimus ab ani<lb></lb>ma animalis corpus efformante, & corpori <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> præstante, <lb></lb>vt à primo motore, ab animali, quod mouetur, diſtincto fuiſſe <lb></lb>motum, & perindeac nauigium à nauta destincto mouetur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001186">Id in corporibus <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> ſimplicibus magis latet: <expan abbr="demon-ſtrationũ">demon<lb></lb>ſtrationum</expan> tamen efficaci robore coacti, <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> ſimplex <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> <lb></lb>à forma, perindeac à principio <expan abbr="mouẽte">mouente</expan> per ſe & primo, moueri <lb></lb>credimus, quod ſi partium <expan abbr="mouentiũ">mouentium</expan>, & <expan abbr="motorũ">motorum</expan> diſtinctio in <lb></lb>corporibus ſimplicibus <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> à pluribus ignoretur; et hoc <lb></lb>nomine plures <expan abbr="ſentiãt">ſentiant</expan>; <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> ſimplicia aut ipſa à ſemetipſis <lb></lb>moueri, aut ab extrinſeco motore <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> agitari, hi certè <expan abbr="hal-lucinabũtur">hal<lb></lb>lucinabuntur</expan>, perinde atque illæ, qui dum A. B. mouet. </s> <s id="s.001187">B. C. <lb></lb>putat. </s> <s id="s.001188">A.C. à ſemetipſo moueri primo, quod ni <expan abbr="mirũ">mirum</expan> vtrisque <lb></lb>motis partibus, vtra moueat vtram, non perſpectum habens, <lb></lb><expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> à ſemetipſo moueri primo autumet; quod ſi ſciret. </s> <s id="s.001189">A. B. <lb></lb>mouere. </s> <s id="s.001190">B. C. autem moueri, alterum per ſe, & primo moue <lb></lb>re alterum per se, & primo moueri intelligeret. </s> <s id="s.001191">Ad rem no<lb></lb>stram redeuntes, non propterea exiſtimandum eſt, <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> <lb></lb>ipſum totum ab extrinſeco tantum motore cieri; quia intrin<lb></lb>ſecus motor lateat: nec propterea contendendum est, elemen<lb></lb>tum ipſum totum à ſeipſo moueri primo, ignoratione partium <lb></lb>aſpectum fugientium, sed omnino & certè credendum, ele<lb></lb>menta non extrinſecus tantum, verum intrinsecus agitari; & <lb></lb>in elementis differentia tenenda eſt partium, quæ primo mo-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="175" xlink:href="011/01/195.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>uent, & quæ primo mouentur; vt inde intelligatur, quomodo <lb></lb>elementum à semetipſo primo moueatur, id est quomodo for<lb></lb>ma elementi primo moueat elementum, quamquam hæc par<lb></lb>tium distinctio à pluribus ignoretur. </s> <s id="s.001192">Hæc ex Ariſtotele in <lb></lb>principio libri septimi Phyſicorum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001193"><emph type="italics"></emph>Sexto sciendum, id quod altero per se & primo quieſcen<lb></lb>te, per se & primo quiescit, per se & primo ab eo moueri, <lb></lb>ad cuius quietem per se & primo quieſcit. </s> <s id="s.001194">Verbigratia: ſi <lb></lb>quieſcente anima per se & primo, animal per se & primo <lb></lb>quieſcit: neceſſe eſt animal ab anima per se & primo mo<lb></lb>ueri: dicimus per se & primo, quia ad heri quietem & mo<lb></lb>tum canem moueri, & quieſcere contingit, non per se nec pri<lb></lb>mo, sed tantum per accidens, qua de re nunc verba non faci<lb></lb>mus, ideo, cane omiſſo, ad <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> ſimplex reuertimur, quod <lb></lb>per se & primo non quieſcit, quieſcente eo quod gignit, aut <lb></lb>impedimentum auferente, nec quiescente medio, aut loco, ad <lb></lb>quem fertur. </s> <s id="s.001195">Sed iſtis omnibus quieſcentibus, elementum per <lb></lb>accidens immotum manet; Ergo ab iſtis motoribus elementum <lb></lb>non primo, sed per accidens tantum mouebitur. </s> <s id="s.001196">Inueſtigan<lb></lb>dus eſt ergo primus elementorum motor.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001197"><emph type="italics"></emph>Septimo ſciendum, id quod primo cietur, non eſſe id, quod <lb></lb>ipsum totum à ſeipso toto agitatur; nam ſi totum ſit ipſum, & <lb></lb>quod primo ſe moueat, & quod à ſe primo moueatur, neceſſe <lb></lb>eſt totum ipſum toti ipſi applicari, & nullas habere partes, & <lb></lb>non poſſe diuidi, & semper moueri cum à ſeipſo non recedat, <lb></lb>sed ſibi præsto ſit semper: ideo numquam moueri ceſſat, sed <lb></lb>totum id, quod primo mouetur, omne conflatum eſt ex duabus <lb></lb>partibus, cum ſit corpus natura diuiduum, vt ſupra tertio lo<lb></lb>co diximus: huius diuidui corporis altera pars primo mouet, <lb></lb>& altera primo mouetur, vt ſi totum animal prime moueri di<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="176" xlink:href="011/01/196.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>xerimus, totum animal à toto animali moueri non intelligi<lb></lb>mus, sed ab anima mouente corpus, & totum, idque ea ratio<lb></lb>ne intelligi debet, quam ſupra diſputauimus, quod ſi quispiam <lb></lb>harum partium <expan abbr="diſtinctionẽ">diſtinctionem</expan> ignoret, & propterea totum ani<lb></lb>mal à toto animali moueri credat, hic certè hallucinabitur, <lb></lb>ignoratione partium aſpectum fugientium, in hunc errorem <lb></lb>adductus, vt Ariſtoteles in textu ſcripſit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001198"><emph type="italics"></emph>His ex Ariſtoteleo contextu constitutis, Aristotelis de<lb></lb>monstrationem in hanc formam redigimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001199"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne, quod aut ab extrinſeco, aut ab intrinſeco mouente <lb></lb>mouetur, ab altero mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001200"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne, quod mouetur aut ab extrinſeco, aut ab intrinſeco <lb></lb>mouente mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001201"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo omne, quod mouetur, ab altero mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001202"><emph type="italics"></emph>Minor manifeſta ex his, quæ ſupra quarto loco annotaui<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s id="s.001203">Maioris pars prior eſt notissima, nam quæ ab extrinſe<lb></lb>co mouentur: omnia à motoribus diſtinctis moueri dictum est <lb></lb>ſupra quinto loco, & pars altera eiuſdem maioris probatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001204"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne, quod ab altero primo quieſcente primo quieſcit, ab <lb></lb>altero primo mouente primo mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001205"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne, quod ab intrinſeco primo mouetur, altero primo <lb></lb>quieſcente primo quieſcit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001206"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo omne, quod ab intrinſeco mouetur, ab altero primo mo<lb></lb>uente primo mouetur. </s> <s id="s.001207">Maior probatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001208"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne quod à ſe ipſo primo mouetur, altero, quod non est <lb></lb>ipſum, aut pars ipſius quieſcente, non quieſcit primo, vt ani<lb></lb>mal, quod à ſe ipſo cietur primo, quouis alio, quod non eſt ani<lb></lb>mal motum, quieſcente, non quieſcit; cum à ſemetipſo <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>, <lb></lb>& non ab alio quopiam moueatur, quod ſi ab alio moueretur, <lb></lb>ad motoris quietem quieſceret: aliud tamen ad alterius mo-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="177" xlink:href="011/01/197.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tum, & quietem non primo, sed per accidens aliquando mo<lb></lb>ueri, & quieſcere contingit, vt Canis, qui dum illius herus mo<lb></lb>uetur, & quieſcit, non primo, nec per ſe, sed per accidens mo<lb></lb>uetur, & quieſcit, at nos primum mouens, & primum <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>quærimus: primum motum eſt, quod altero primo quieſcente <lb></lb>primo quieſcit. </s> <s id="s.001209">Ergo omne, quod altero, primo quieſcente, pri<lb></lb>mo quieſcit, ab altero, primo mouente, primo mouetur; ab eo <lb></lb>inquam, quo primo quieſcente primo quieſcit, vt ſupra quinto <lb></lb>loco notauimus. </s> <s id="s.001210">Huius argumenti minor probatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001211"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne corpus diuiduum, quod ab intrinſeco primo moue<lb></lb>tur, parte altera primo quieſcente primo quieſcit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001212"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne quod ab intrinſeco mouetur primo, est corpus diui<lb></lb>duum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001213"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo omne, quod ab intrinſeco mouetur primo, parte alteræ <lb></lb>primo quieſcente primo quieſcit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001214"><emph type="italics"></emph>Minor huius argumenti nota eſt ex his, quæ ſupra dixi<lb></lb>mus tertio loco: maior argumento ad abſurdum ducente, pro<lb></lb>batur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001215"><emph type="italics"></emph>Si maior eſt falſa, ergo eius oppoſita eſt vera, quæ eſt. </s> <s id="s.001216">Cor<lb></lb>pus diuiduum, quod ab intrinſeco primo mouetur, parte alte<lb></lb>ra quieſcente primo, mouetur primo. </s> <s id="s.001217">Ergo corpus diuiduum <lb></lb>ſecundum partem mouetur, & ſecundum partem quieſcit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001218">Ergo continuum, at que diuiduum corpus, quod totum primo <lb></lb>mouetur, non totum primo, sed per partem mouetur; <lb></lb>quod est abſurdum: ergo omne motum habet <lb></lb>motorem diſtinctum ab eo, quod moue<lb></lb>tur, quod Ariſtoteles ſummo cum <lb></lb>artificio demonstra<lb></lb>uit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="178" xlink:href="011/01/198.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001219">Ex demonſtratione Ariſtotelis nona propoſitio <lb></lb>confirmatur. </s> <s id="s.001220">Cap. XXXVI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001221">H<emph type="italics"></emph>aec eſt demonſtratio Ariſtotelis, quam ipſe inuo<lb></lb>lutam, & breuem, at que obſcuram propoſuit, vt con<lb></lb>templandi anſam lectoribus derelinqueret: <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan> nos <lb></lb>illis or dinis luminibus, quæ à quolibet vel parum etiam ocula<lb></lb>to ſpectari poſſunt, vſque adeo illuſtrauimus; vt nihil illuſtrius. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001222">Nunc par est; vt eamdem in noſtrum vſum conuertamus. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001223">Quæ ab extrinſeco mouentur prudentes præterimus, quod ne<lb></lb>mo ſit, qui inficias eat, omnia, quæ ab extrinſeco mouentur, <lb></lb>motorem habere diſtinctum, quod ſupra quinto loco declara<lb></lb>uimus, & ea tantum aſſumimus, quæ ab intrinſeco citantur, <lb></lb>vt ſunt animalia, & elementa. </s> <s id="s.001224">In animalibus totum animal <lb></lb>à ſemetipſo moueri videtur primo. </s> <s id="s.001225">nec <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> id, quod inter <lb></lb>motorem, & motum interest, latet nos propterea dicimus, to<lb></lb>tum animal à ſemetipſo moueri primo, sed in confeſſo est, ab <lb></lb>alio, motum animal moueri, id eſt ab anima, quæ, & quod cor<lb></lb>pus ab ea moueatur, cum ipſo corpore, per accidens mouetur, <lb></lb>pari ratione elementum primo mouetur; & latet à quo mo<lb></lb>ueatur; ab alio tamen, elementum moueri oportet, & quam<lb></lb>uis motor non appareat, <expan abbr="elemẽtum">elementum</expan> tamen à forma primo mo<lb></lb>uetur; que & eo quod elementum primo ab ea moueatur, for<lb></lb>ma quoque eadem vnà cum ipſo elemento per accidens moue<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s id="s.001226">His iactis fundamentis, argumenta ex Ariſtotelea de<lb></lb>monstratione petita eruuntur, & primo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001227"><emph type="italics"></emph>Id primo alicui ineſt, quo poſito illud ponitur; & quo explo<lb></lb>ſo, illud exploditur, cui id primo ineſſe dicitur. </s> <s id="s.001228">Sed poſito mo<lb></lb>tu deorſum, graue ponitur; & motu deorſum exploſo, graue <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="179" xlink:href="011/01/199.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>exploditur & poſito motu ſurſum leue ponitur, & motu ſur<lb></lb>ſum exploſo, leue exploditur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001229"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo motus ſurſum leui, & motus deorſum graui primo in <lb></lb>est, quatenus tamen non actus, sed ſola inclinatio eſt in vtro<lb></lb>que motu. </s> <s id="s.001230">Maior huius argumenti propoſitio ex his manife<lb></lb>ſtatur, quæ ſupra secundo loco annotantur. </s> <s id="s.001231">Minor etiam <lb></lb>nota tum ex libro tertio Phyſicorum, tum ex libro primo de <lb></lb>cælo. </s> <s id="s.001232">In Phyſicis dixit Ariſtoteles. </s> <s id="s.001233">Motus eſt actus mobilis, <lb></lb>& primo cæli ſcriptum reliquit. </s> <s id="s.001234">Motum ſimplicem ſurſum <lb></lb>ſimplici elemento leui, & motum ſimplicem deorſum ſimpli<lb></lb>ci elemento graui eſſe tribuendum; & cum reciprocatione: ita <lb></lb>vt ſicut ſimplex motus eſt ſimplicis elementi, ita ſimplex ele<lb></lb>mentum ſimplici motu præditum eſſe oporteat, seu graue, seu <lb></lb>leue ſit illud elementum, quod ſimplici motu seu ſursum, seu <lb></lb>deorſum cietur. </s> <s id="s.001235">Quapropter vt motus ſine his, quæ <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan>, <lb></lb>mente concipi non poteſt: ita motus ſimplex directus ſine ſim<lb></lb>plici corpore, quod tali motu directo mouetur excogitari non <lb></lb>valet. </s> <s id="s.001236">Igitur motu ad medium poſito, & ea ponuntur, quæ <lb></lb>ad medium deſcendunt, & motu ad ſupremam huius inferio<lb></lb>ris mundi oram constituto, ea quæ ad cælum euolant, consti<lb></lb>tuuntur, & his ſimplicibus exploſis motibus ea ſimplicia cor<lb></lb>por a exploduntur, quæ talibus motibus agitabantur, ante<lb></lb>quam exploderentur. </s> <s id="s.001237">Motus ergo ſurſum leui, & deorſum <lb></lb>graui primo ineſt, & motus vterque de mobili vtroque ne<lb></lb>ceſſe est vt primo dicatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001238"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundum argumentum ex eadem Aristotelea demon<lb></lb>ſtratione petitum eſt hoc.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001239"><emph type="italics"></emph>Illud, quod ſi ab omnibus partibus exploſum fuerit, à tote <lb></lb>non propterea exploditur, toti primo ineſſe dicitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001240"><emph type="italics"></emph>Sed recto motu à quolibet particulari elemento, & à qua-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="180" xlink:href="011/01/200.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>libet eiuſdem elementi particularis parte exploſo, non propte<lb></lb>rea motus rectus à ſimplici elemento exploditur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001241"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo motus rectus, ſimplex ſimplici elemento ineſt primo. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001242">Maior propoſitio nota est ex his, quæ ſecundo loco diximus. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001243">Minor etiam patet, quia ſicut ſingulis hominibus mortuis eſt <lb></lb>hæc propoſitio vera.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001244"><emph type="italics"></emph>Homo eſt rationis particeps, ita & quibuslibet elementis, <lb></lb>quibuslibet <expan abbr="eorũdem">eorundem</expan> partibus deſtructis, adhuc vera eſt hac <lb></lb>propoſitio, graue corpus deorſum rapitur, & leue corpus ſur<lb></lb>ſum attollitur, quatenus tamen hæc nomina non actum, sed <lb></lb>facultatem, ſeu propenſionem ad motum explicant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001245"><emph type="italics"></emph>Si quis roget. </s> <s id="s.001246">Cur dictum est ſupra: poni corpus mobile, <lb></lb>motu poſito, & explodi eo exploſo; ſi nullo corpore ſuperstite, <lb></lb>adhuc vera est hæc propoſitio: graue deorſum, & leue ſur<lb></lb>ſum ferri?<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001247"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondemus. </s> <s id="s.001248">Facultas mobilis corporis ad motum, mo<lb></lb>tui non qui est actu, sed eſſe tantummodo poteſt; & motus, qui <lb></lb><expan abbr="põt">potuit</expan> eſſe mobili qui facultate moueri potest, non <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> actu mo<lb></lb>uetur; proportione <expan abbr="reſpõdet">reſpondet</expan>: ita vt motus in actu corpus, quod <lb></lb>actu moueatur postulet; & corpus, quod actu mouetur, ſine <lb></lb>eo motu, qui eſt in actu, moueri non possit: quapropter, actus <lb></lb>actui, & facultas facultati numquam non reſpondet, non au<lb></lb>tem actus facultati, nec facultas actui. </s> <s id="s.001249">Nullo itaque actu ſu<lb></lb>perstite homine, sed omnibus mortuis facultas non tollitur: <lb></lb>cuius facultatis beneficio vera est hæc propoſitio. </s> <s id="s.001250">Homo est <lb></lb>rationis particeps. </s> <s id="s.001251">Ita omnibus ablatis grauibus, & leuibus <lb></lb>corporibus, & quibuslibet eorumdem partibus actu, quia fa<lb></lb>cultates ſunt adhuc ſuperstites verè enunciamus, cum dici<lb></lb>mus: grauia, & leuia ſurſum, & deorſum moueri, faculta<lb></lb>te tamen, quæ ad propoſitionis veritatem ſufficit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="181" xlink:href="011/01/201.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001252"><emph type="italics"></emph>Tertio idem probatur. </s> <s id="s.001253">Quod parte aliquæ primo quieſcen <lb></lb>te, primo quieſcit, ab illa primo mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001254"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne elementum parte altera eiuſdem elementi, primo <lb></lb>quieſcente, primo quieſcit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001255"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo, omne elementum, ab illa primo mouetur. </s> <s id="s.001256">Maior <lb></lb>huius argumenti propoſitio manifeſta est, ex his, quæ ſupra, <lb></lb>ſexto loco notauimus. </s> <s id="s.001257">Minor probatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001258"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne continuum, atque diuiduum corpus parte altera <lb></lb>primo quieſcente, primo quieſcit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001259"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne elementum est corpus continuum, atque diui<lb></lb>duum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001260"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo omne elementum parte altera primo quieſcente primo <lb></lb>quieſcit. </s> <s id="s.001261">Quieſcente enim forma elementi primo, totum ele<lb></lb>mentum primo quieſcit. </s> <s id="s.001262">Ergo omne elementum à mouente <lb></lb>forma primo, mouetur primo, quod erat probandum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001263"><emph type="italics"></emph>Adinuento eo, quod in elementorum motu primo moue<lb></lb>tur; nunc dicendorum ordo poſtulare videtur, vt etiam de eo, <lb></lb>quod primo mota elementa primo mouet, verba faciamus: ha<lb></lb>ctenus enim de eo ſatis locuti non fuimus, ideo primo mouentis <lb></lb>natura, quæ nam ſit, diligentius hoc loco eſt à nobis inueſtigan<lb></lb>da, atque pertractanda.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001264"><emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa igitur primo mouentur ergo habent motorem, <lb></lb>qui primo moueat; conſequentia probatur. </s> <s id="s.001265">Cuilibet pa<lb></lb>tiendi facultati agendi facultas neceſſario reſpondet, vt <lb></lb>colligere licet ex Aristotelis libro quinto Diuinorum par<lb></lb>ticula decimaſeptima: ratio eſt, quia quod agere, & quod <lb></lb>pati potest, (eadem actiua, & passiua vocantur) ſunt <lb></lb>in his, quæ vicissim conferuntur: hæc ſic ſunt compara<lb></lb>ta, vt alterum cum altero ſit, & alterum ſine altero eſſe <lb></lb>nequeat, alterum per alterum cognoſcatur, & alterum <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="182" xlink:href="011/01/202.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſine altero cognoſci non valeat. </s> <s id="s.001266">Hic motor non est cælum, <lb></lb>quod grauia deorſum pellat, & leuia ſurſum trahat: quia <lb></lb>(vt docuit Ariſtoteles libro secundo de cælo particula octua<lb></lb>geſimatertia) hi ſunt motus violenti, quibus factis; omnia cor<lb></lb>pora media pellerentur; ac traherentur, & quorum ratione <lb></lb>eodem tempore idem corpus ſursum, & deorſum moueretur, <lb></lb>ſi eodem tempore contingeret vt leuia ſurſum traherentur, & <lb></lb>grauia deorsum pellerentur; quia diſtans à diſtanti non pelli<lb></lb>tur, nec trahitur, niſi omnia media corpora cum pulſo pellan<lb></lb>tur, & cum tracto trahantur. </s> <s id="s.001267">Neque id, quod elementa gi<lb></lb>gnit ab initio; Neque id, quod impedimentum aufert, ea mo<lb></lb>uet: quippe cum hæc duo ab eo, quod mouetur; non rarò di<lb></lb>stare accidat; & aliquando etiam, dum elementa mouentur, <lb></lb>nihil horum ſuperstes exiſtat. </s> <s id="s.001268">Ergo nihil horum primo mo<lb></lb>uere potest.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001269"><emph type="italics"></emph>Dicet forte quiſpiam. </s> <s id="s.001270">Mouendi vis illius, quod gignit ab <lb></lb>initio in elemento genito conſeruatur, à qua elementum pri<lb></lb>mo mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001271"><emph type="italics"></emph>Contra. </s> <s id="s.001272">Cauſam effectui propriam ſui vim communicare, <lb></lb>nihil est aliud, quam effectum à tali cauſa productum, ab <lb></lb>eadem naturam habere, ac vitam, quod nihil actu ponit in <lb></lb>cauſa, sed motus fixum non habet eſſe, fixam vitam, & natu<lb></lb>ram non habet, sed tantum habet eſſe fluidum, quatenus tan<lb></lb>tum est; dum fluit; ac fit, & poſtquam factus eſt, nullum ha<lb></lb>bet eſſe, cum <expan abbr="numquã">numquam</expan> non fluat. </s> <s id="s.001273">Ergo à cauſa existente actu <lb></lb>ſolummodo fit, & non à cauſa, quæ tantum virtute existat. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001274">At quod genuit, & quod impedimentum abſtulit, ab elemen<lb></lb>to moto ſæpe vel distant, vel antequam mouere deſierint, pe<lb></lb>rierunt. </s> <s id="s.001275">Ergo elementorum motus à vi, seu facultate cauſæ <lb></lb>mouentis non fit. </s> <s id="s.001276">Ergo vis, aut facultas illius, quod ab initio ge-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="183" xlink:href="011/01/203.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>nuit, vel impedimentum abſtulit, elementa nec mouet; nec mo<lb></lb>uere potest. </s> <s id="s.001277">Neque medium ab elemento motum, elementum <lb></lb>primo mouet: quippe, quod medium ab elemento motum non <lb></lb>per se elementum, ſed per accidens tantum moueat, vt nauis, <lb></lb>quæ à nauta per ſe mouetur, eumdem per accidens mouet. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001278">Nos cauſam, quæ per ſe & primo, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> per accidens tantum <lb></lb>motum facit, hoc loco inuenire conamur. </s> <s id="s.001279">Neque <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <lb></lb>locus elementa primo mouet. </s> <s id="s.001280">Quoniam locus (vt ſupra diſpu<lb></lb>tauimus) vt rei motæ finis, ac perfectio tantum mouet, non vt <lb></lb>forma nec vt efficiens niſi quatenus locus rem locatam ſuo <expan abbr="cõ-plexu">com<lb></lb>plexu</expan> continet; qua ratione, vt forma mouere dicitur; & ra<lb></lb>tione qua finis forma, & perfectio in vnum ſæpe coheunt, sed <lb></lb>omnes iſtæ motuum ſpecies ſunt metaphorici motus, vt ſcripſit <lb></lb>Aristoteles. </s> <s id="s.001281">primo de ortu, & interitu particula quinquage<lb></lb>ſimaquinta, & nos veri motus facientem cauſam quærimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001282"><emph type="italics"></emph>Si ergo nec cælum, nec generans, nec remouens <expan abbr="impedimẽ">impedimen</expan><lb></lb>tum, nec locus, nec medium, nec aliud extrinſecum elementa <lb></lb>mouet primo, aliud intrinſecum erit à quo elementorum mo<lb></lb>tus primo fiat. </s> <s id="s.001283">Nam extrinſecum aliud fingere non licet, ſi <lb></lb>hic motus ab intrinſeco principio primo fit, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> à materia; quia <lb></lb>nullam vim faciendi motum habet, cum materia actu res nul<lb></lb>la ſit; & vnumquodque, quod fit ab eo tantum fieri oporteat, <lb></lb>quod actu exiſtit. </s> <s id="s.001284">Ergo à forma grauia deorſum, & leuia ſur<lb></lb>ſum primo, neceſſe eſt, vt moueantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001285"><emph type="italics"></emph>Confirmatur demonstratione Aristotelis tum ſeptimo, <lb></lb>tum octauo Phyſicorum, vbi primum motum à ſe, quod est <lb></lb><expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> cælum dari probatur idque ab intrinſeco primo princi<lb></lb>pio, quæ eſt cæli forma, seu assiſtat, ſeu informet primo mo<lb></lb>uetur. </s> <s id="s.001286">Ergo per locum à ſimili, & elementum à propria for<lb></lb>ma intrinſeca primo mouebitur, nec aliquid roboris forma <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="184" xlink:href="011/01/204.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>assiſtens ab hoc argumento aufert, quandoquidem assistens <lb></lb>forma, quam informans corpori cui assiſtit immediatius add<lb></lb>heret, quod alio loco diſputauimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001287"><emph type="italics"></emph>Confirmatur per alium locum topicum, ſi de quo minus in <lb></lb>eſſe videtur, & ineſt. </s> <s id="s.001288">Ergo & de quo magis, sed minus vide<lb></lb>tur totum primum mobile à ſemetipſo, id eſt à propria forma <lb></lb>primo moueri, quam elementum; verumtamen primum mo<lb></lb>bile à prima illius forma primo mouetur. </s> <s id="s.001289">Ergo & elementum <lb></lb>totum à propria eiuſdem elementi forma & magis primo mo<lb></lb>uebitur. </s> <s id="s.001290">Maior nota: minor probatur: maior eſt vnio inter <lb></lb>mobile primum, & illius formam, quam inter formam, & <lb></lb>materiam elementi; Ergo minus videtur, primum mobile ab <lb></lb>illius forma, primo moueri: probatur conſequentia. </s> <s id="s.001291">Omne <lb></lb>motum diſtinctum motorem habet ex demonſtratione Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis, quam ſupra deduximus. </s> <s id="s.001292">Ergo vbi diſtinctio minor mi <lb></lb>nus videtur mobile moueri poſſe; vbi diſtinctio maior magis vi<lb></lb>detur, sed inter formam, & elementum eſt maior diſtinctio, <lb></lb>quam inter primum intellectum, & mobile primum. </s> <s id="s.001293">Ergo mi <lb></lb>nus videtur, illud ibi primo moueri, quod mouetur. </s> <s id="s.001294">Vnionem <lb></lb>eſſe maiorem, & distinctionem minorem, inter intellectum <lb></lb>primum, & mobile primum grauiter, & acutè probat philo<lb></lb>ſophus numquam ſatis laudatus Auerroes libro ſecundo de <lb></lb>cælo commentatione tertia, dum cælum (ait) & illius intel<lb></lb>lectus, nullis interiectis mediis <expan abbr="dimẽſionibus">dimenſionibus</expan> immediatè vniun<lb></lb>tur, forma, & materia elementi non niſi mediis interceptis in <lb></lb>definitis dimenſionibus vniri poſſunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001295"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ergo maior eſt vnio primi intellectus, & cali, quam ma<lb></lb>teriæ, & formæ in elementis. </s> <s id="s.001296">Ergo minus videtur, cælum à ſe <lb></lb>primo, poſſe moueri, quam elementum; mouetur tamen: ergo <lb></lb>multo magis elementum à ſe, primo mouebitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="185" xlink:href="011/01/205.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001297"><emph type="italics"></emph>Huc omnia argumenta afferri poſſunt, quibus ſeptimum <lb></lb>dictum confirmatur: ea præſertim, quæ ex definitione natu<lb></lb>ræ petuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001298"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hæc eorum, quæ ab ipſa mouentur, non modo per ſe prin<lb></lb>cipium eſſe ab Aristotele demonstratur libro Phyſicorum ſe<lb></lb>cundo; ſed & principium per ſe & primum: atqui elemento<lb></lb>rum motus est naturalis, qui ab eorumdem natura naſcitur, <lb></lb>non à materia, quæ propter rationem ſæpe repetitam, non <lb></lb>mouet: ergo à forma, quæ est elementorum; verius natura, <lb></lb>quam materia, elementa primo mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001299"><emph type="italics"></emph>Confirmatur: in omni natura, in qua eſt quod patitur, eſt <lb></lb>etiam quod facit, ſed in natura elementorum eſt materia, quæ <lb></lb>patitur. </s> <s id="s.001300">Ergo in natura elementorum erit forma, quæ mo<lb></lb>tum facit, & primo, quia natura eſt principium motus pri<lb></lb>mum. </s> <s id="s.001301">Maior est Aristotelis libro tertio de anima particu<lb></lb>la decimaoctaua, & decimanona, qua intellectus agentis <lb></lb>in anima necessitatem, qui faciat, probat, quod in <lb></lb>ea ſit possibilis nuncupatus intellectus, qui pa<lb></lb>titur: minor manifeſta, & argumen<lb></lb>tum est in tertio modo primæ <lb></lb>figuræ: ergo, <lb></lb>&c.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001302"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hactenus vniuerſæ controuerſiæ ſecundam par<lb></lb>tem abſoluimus nunc ad tertiam eiuſdem <lb></lb>partem eadem methodo abſoluen<lb></lb>dam aggrediamur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="186" xlink:href="011/01/206.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001303">HIERONYMVS BORRIVS <lb></lb>PETRO VICTORIO. S.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001304">Homo qui ratione viuit, non ſolum ab aliis inuen<lb></lb>ta cognoſcere, amplificare, & meliora reddere, ſed <lb></lb>& noua reperire poteſt: acutum enim & efficax <lb></lb>humanum ingenium quolibet ancipiti gladio pe<lb></lb>netrantius ad omnium vſque medullas pertingit, <lb></lb>rerum quę ibi abditæ latitant vim & naturam in<lb></lb>troſpicit, vt videat, quid ſint, quid inter illas inter <lb></lb>ſit, quid moliantur, & agant: quamobrem, quæ alij non viderint, vi<lb></lb>dere cuilibet in promptu eſt. </s> <s id="s.001305">Ego, qui homo ſum, tametſi tenui inge<lb></lb>nio præditus, multa ſæpenumero, quæ nouitatis ſpeciem quamdam <lb></lb>præſeferre videntur mecum ipſe excogito: ea ſimulatque excogitaui <lb></lb>ad æquam veritatis lancem expendo quorumdam communium lo<lb></lb>corum, quos non aliis, ſed vni mihi meo marte affabre conſtruxi; <lb></lb>quorum breuis complexus id omne continet, quod vniuerſi ambitu <lb></lb>comprehenditur: ſi ſub aliquo meorum locorum inueniuntur, in <lb></lb>apertum prodeunt, non vt mea à me nuper excogitata, ſed vt à peran<lb></lb>tiquis illis Philoſophis iam diu inuenta, ex quorum primis fonti<lb></lb>bus loci mei communes manarunt: itaque aut ſcribuntur, aut de <lb></lb>ſuperiore illo primo loco, quo me nihil omnino ambientem, aut ea <lb></lb>dere nihil prorſus cogitantem. </s> <s id="s.001306">Franciſcus Medices ad rem medi<lb></lb>cam Piſis publicè profitendam acciuit, conſentienti concordique <lb></lb>meorum auditorum coronæ his aut non diſſimilibus verbis expen<lb></lb>denda proponuntur. </s> <s id="s.001307">Hæc Ariſtoteles docuit, illa Plato diſputauit. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001308">Hæc à Galeno ſcripta, illa ab Hyppocrate poſteritati conſignata fue<lb></lb>runt: quibus artibus, tum meæ doctrinæ fidem, tum mihi aucto<lb></lb>ritatem conciliaturum facile ſpero: meæ quidem doctrinæ: quia <lb></lb>qui me diſputantem audiunt, vel etiam in uiti & reluctantes dicere <lb></lb>coguntur, maximam Borrij verbis adhibendam eſſe fidem, quod non <lb></lb>ipſe, ſed præſtantiſſimi illi bonarum artium proceres in illius ore <lb></lb>loquantur: mihi quia me non ſuperbum, non vanitate inflatum ac <lb></lb>tumentem, non ingratum, ſed humilem, modeſtum, ac meis illis præ<lb></lb>ceptoribus, de quorum ſapientia ſum quicquid ſum, gratum iudica<lb></lb>bunt: quando mea omnis doctrina illis (vt par eſt) accepta refertur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001309">At ſi meæ cogitationes ſub meis communibus locis adinuentæ non <lb></lb>fuerint, aut tamquam grauiter ſuſpectæ ſtatim ſupprimuntur, aut <expan abbr="cõditæ">con<pb pagenum="187" xlink:href="011/01/207.jpg"></pb>ditæ</expan> <expan abbr="cõſeruantur">conſeruantur</expan>, donec <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan> longitudine conſeneſcant, & prius <lb></lb>quam hanc lucem videant tamdem intereant. </s> <s id="s.001310">Non enim is ſum qui <lb></lb>noui aliquid inuenire me poſſe confidam, nec qui res meas tanti fa<lb></lb>ciam, quin illas, ſi quidem opus fuerit, interire quotidie patiar. </s> <s id="s.001311">Ne<lb></lb>que idcirco poſteriores etiam ſcriptores omnino poſthabendos eſſe <lb></lb>cenſeo, ſed obiter, & veluti pertranſennam raptim legendos: quapro<lb></lb>pter ego veluti alter librorum gurges, & helluo eoſdem citiſſime de<lb></lb>uorare conſueui: tum colligo memetipſe, habeoque delectum, & <lb></lb>quod probabile mihi ac verum viſum ſit, id totum in meorum loco<lb></lb>rum ordinem libenter transfero, ac vtor pro meis cætera prudens prę<lb></lb>tereo, & id quod ſupereſt honeſti ocii, ſupereſt autem <expan abbr="quamplurimũ">quamplurimum</expan>, <lb></lb>in veterum monumentis nocturna, atque diurna manu verſandis <expan abbr="cõ-ſumitur">con<lb></lb>ſumitur</expan>, vt ex illis doctrina purior hauriatur. </s> <s id="s.001312">Id an verum ſit, hic, de <lb></lb>grauium & leuium motu liber, cuius tertia hæc pars ſub tuo nomi<lb></lb>ne prodit, fidem facere poterit: in qua nihil nouarum rerum legitur, <lb></lb>ſed omnia priſcam illam bonorum ætatem redolent, quę hactenus <lb></lb>inculta iacuit. </s> <s id="s.001313">Hi mei labores ſi abs te probabuntur, quem omnes <lb></lb>boni ingenua & liberali doctrina præditum omnibuſque numeris, <lb></lb>ac partibus abſolutum (clara enim tua virtus adeo refulget, vt etiam <lb></lb>exteras nationes ad te videndum confluentes obſtupefaciat, & totus <lb></lb>penè orbis ſcientiam tuam admiretur & laudet) ac vt vno verbo di<lb></lb>cam, vt optimum ament, & prędicent; nemo mehercule nemo futu<lb></lb>rus vmquam eſt, qui eoſdem non ſit magnopere commendaturus. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001314">Tu igitur Cariſſime & Amantiſſime Petre virtutum omnium <lb></lb>liberalium ornamentum, quæ tua eſt humanitas tertiam <lb></lb>hanc partem excipe vt tuam: eam dem ſi exceperis, <lb></lb>huic & prioribus duabus partibus <lb></lb>plurimum auctorita<lb></lb>tis accedet. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001315">Vale. </s> </p> <pb pagenum="188" xlink:href="011/01/208.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> </chap> <chap> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001316">TERTIA PARS <lb></lb>PERIPATETICAE <lb></lb>DISPVTATIONIS <lb></lb>DE MOTV GRAVIVM. <lb></lb>ET LEVIVM <lb></lb>AVCTORE HIERONYMO BORRIO</s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001317">Philoſopho, ac Medico Arretino.</s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001318"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ab eodem in Almo Piſano Gymnaſio publicè <lb></lb>profitente diſputata.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001319">Propoſitæ quæſtionis tertia pars princeps, in qua <lb></lb>contra primam propoſitionem argumenta <lb></lb>nonnulla feruntur. </s> <s id="s.001320">Cap. I.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001321">QVVM <emph type="italics"></emph>mecum ſæpe reputarem, <lb></lb>non ad diſcordias, & bella, ſed <lb></lb>ad concordiam & humanitatem <lb></lb>animantes omnes natos eſſe; <expan abbr="alio-rũ">alio<lb></lb>rum</expan> vtilitati conſulendum pro mea <lb></lb>virili parte, fore ratus ſum: quod <lb></lb>vſque modo ita me feciſſe puto, <lb></lb>vt ſic fe<lb></lb>ciſſe non <lb></lb>pæniteat, & ne omnino vitam ſilentio tranſigerem, opus <lb></lb>hoc etiam amicorum fretus conſiliis pertexui: ex quo vt ma<lb></lb>iorem commoditatem, vberioremque fructum legentes ca<lb></lb>piant, tum breuiter, tum ordinatim procedendo. </s> <s id="s.001322">In hac ter<lb></lb>tia huius propoſitæ quæstionis parte argumenta nonnulla ad-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="189" xlink:href="011/01/209.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ducentur, quorum exitus quo ad per nos fieri poterit effica<lb></lb>cius explicabuntur, & eumdem ordinem dicendo ſeruabimus, <lb></lb>quem huic quæſtioni ſupra adhibuimus; vnamquamque ete<lb></lb>nim propoſitionem, eo quo distributæ ſunt ordine, argumen<lb></lb>tis quibuſdam veluti arietibus concutere tentabimus, & arie<lb></lb>tes propugnaculis repellemus, quo fiat, vt latens veritas erua<lb></lb>tur, & primo aduerſus <expan abbr="primã">primam</expan> propoſitionem pro noſtris qua<lb></lb>libuſcumque viribus elementa à generante non moueri hiſce <lb></lb>rationibus oſtendere adnitemur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001323"><emph type="italics"></emph>Omne quod à generante pendet, generantis actione duran <lb></lb>te fit, ea ceſſante factum eſt, sed motus numquam eſt factus, <lb></lb>verum ſemper fit: ergo motus à generante non pendet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001324"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo. </s> <s id="s.001325">Maior propoſitio in ſolis rebus permanentibus, <lb></lb>non autem in his, quorum eſſe perpetuo fluit, veritatem habe<lb></lb>re potest; eius generis ſunt motus, & tempus; hæc duo eatenus <lb></lb>ſunt, quatenus fiunt, licet numquam ſi ut facta; de quibus ve<lb></lb>rè affirmari potest illud diuini Platonis in Timæo. </s> <s id="s.001326">In rerum <lb></lb>vniuerſitate quædam eſſe, quæ gignantur & intereant neque <lb></lb>vmquam ſint: inter quæ tum motus, tum etiam tempus iure <lb></lb>optimo referri poſſunt, quia nullum habent eſſe fixum, ac per <lb></lb>manens, sed tantum fluidum, quod in ſola generatione conſi<lb></lb>ſtit, quæ poſtquam eſt abſoluta, nullum opus, nulla res factæ <lb></lb>ſuperest, vt ſcripſis Ariſtoteles libro nono Diuinorum parti<lb></lb>cula decimaſexta, & alibi de quibus maior propoſitio intelli<lb></lb>gi non poteſt, sed de illis tantum est intelligenda, quorum eſſe, <lb></lb>poſtquam agens agere deſiit est ſuperſtes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001327"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo aduerſus eamdem primam propoſitionem est lo<lb></lb>cus apertus Auerrois libro tertio de cælo commentatione vi<lb></lb>geſimaoctaua. </s> <s id="s.001328">Quando graue (inquit Auerroes) ſecundum <lb></lb>facultatem eſſentialem ad ſuum locum naturalem mouetur <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="190" xlink:href="011/01/210.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>non à generante ſed a ſua forma immediate mouetur. </s> <s id="s.001329">Ergo <lb></lb>generans ſecundum facultatem eſſentialem nuncupatam, ele<lb></lb>menta non mouet, sed propria elementorum forma ea est à <lb></lb>qua ſecundum eamdem eſſentialem vocatam facultatem ele<lb></lb>menta moueri ab Auerroe dicuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001330"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo, & primo non nulla ponuntur, quibus poſitis, <lb></lb>primo ad argumenti materiam, ſecundo ad eiuſdem formam <lb></lb>reſpondebitur. </s> <s id="s.001331">Elementorum ergo, quæ non dum genita ſunt, <lb></lb>facultas est in contrarij elementi ſubiecto, vt ſupra diximus, <lb></lb>in quo duæ ſunt ſeu præparationes, ſeu diſpoſitiones (vt. </s> <s id="s.001332">Auer<lb></lb>rois more loquamur) Præparatio prior ad formam poſterior <lb></lb>ad motum nuncupatur: hæ duæ elementorum præparationes <lb></lb>non in duobus, ſed in vno tantum ſubiecto inueniuntur, quod <lb></lb>est prima materia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001333"><emph type="italics"></emph>In animalibus præparatio ad formam est in materia pri<lb></lb>ma, & præparatio ad motum est in eo, quod ex materia, & <lb></lb>ex forma conflatur. </s> <s id="s.001334">Ambæ elementorum præparationes <lb></lb>aptissimo quodam non temporis, sed ſolius originis, & naturæ <lb></lb>ordine distribuuntur. </s> <s id="s.001335">Hic illæ eſt, qui inter cauſam & effe<lb></lb>ctum intercipi ſolet; exempli gratia. </s> <s id="s.001336">In materia olei ex quo <lb></lb>gignenda eſt flamma, præparatio ad formam ignis, & ad <lb></lb>motum ſurſum, ſimul tempore ſunt; licet ignis materia ordi<lb></lb>ne originis, atque naturæ prius ad formam, quam ad motum <lb></lb>ſit diſpoſita, id quod apertè ſcriptum reliquit Auerroes libro <lb></lb>quarto de cælo <expan abbr="cõmentatione">commentatione</expan> vigeſimaquinta. </s> <s id="s.001337">Ratio eſt, quia <lb></lb>ab vno in quantum vnum immediatè non naſcitur niſi vnum, <lb></lb>vt Auctor eſt Ariſtoteles libro ſecundo de generatione par<lb></lb>ticula quinquageſimaſexta, quod ſi plura ab vno naſcantur, <lb></lb>neceſſe eſt, vt prioris, & poſterioris ordo inter illa intercedat. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001338">Ideo à generante in materia contrarij elementi ſimplicis præ-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="191" xlink:href="011/01/211.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>paratio eſt ad formam, & ad motum: hæ duæ præparationes <lb></lb>in actum tamen ſimul duci non poſſunt, niſi ordo prioris, & <lb></lb>poſterioris inter illas interceſſerit origine ſaltem, & natura, <lb></lb>& ſi non tempore. </s> <s id="s.001339">Primo generans formam, quodammodo <lb></lb>mouens eſſe videtur, efficit enim primo formam, & cum for<lb></lb>ma ſecundo motum facit: perindeac illæ, qui Amphoram <lb></lb>primo construit, efficit ſecundo vt vinum continere valeat: <lb></lb>hic tamen or do prioris, & posterioris non est ordo temporis, <lb></lb>ſed naturæ & originis. </s> <s id="s.001340">His conſtitutis ad argumenti <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan> <lb></lb>reſpondetur. </s> <s id="s.001341">Auerroes cum elementa ſecundum facultatem <lb></lb>eſſentialem à generante moueri dixit, non de ſecunda præpa<lb></lb>ratione ad motum, sed de prima, quæ eſt ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, est intelli<lb></lb>gendus, quia generans elementum elemento dat formam, & <lb></lb>cum forma ea omnia liberalissimè largitur, quæ formam ne<lb></lb>ceſſariò conſequuntur, vt est motus. </s> <s id="s.001342">Cum de eadem eſſentiali <lb></lb>facultate non à generante, sed à propria forma, elementum <lb></lb>moueri aſſeruit, id est omnino verum, ſi ſecundæ præparatio<lb></lb>nis, quæ est ad motum, ratio habeatur: hæc à generante ad <lb></lb>actum immediatè non ducitur, sed <expan abbr="mediãte">mediante</expan> forma, à qua hæc <lb></lb>ſecunda præparatio ad actum immediatè transfertur: ſecun<lb></lb>dum ergo facultatem eſſentialem elementum ab vtroque prin<lb></lb>cipio mouetur, à generante mediante forma, & à forma im<lb></lb>mediatè, & vtraque præparatio est in materia contrarij ele<lb></lb>menti, sed habit a ratione prioris præparationis à generante <lb></lb>elementa moueri dicuntur, habita ratione poſterioris præpa<lb></lb>rationis, elementa à propria, naturalique eorumdem forma <lb></lb>mouentur: idque ſecundum facultatem eſſentialem eſt intel<lb></lb>ligendum, ſemper habita ratione ordinis illius, qui non eſt tem<lb></lb>poris, sed originis, & naturæ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001343"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hæc ad materiam, nunc ad formam; inficianda <expan abbr="conſequẽ-">conſequen-</expan><emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="192" xlink:href="011/01/212.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tia est. </s> <s id="s.001344">Non enim ſequitur graue ſecundum facultatem eſſen<lb></lb>tialem à <expan abbr="generãte">generante</expan> immediatè, non mouetur, sed à ſua forma. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001345">Ergo generans, ſecundum eamdem facultatem eſſentialem <lb></lb>elementum non mouet. </s> <s id="s.001346">Nam ab vtroque mouente principio <lb></lb>elementa mouentur, sed ratione diuerſa; vt ſupra diximus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001347"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo ſecundo, & breuius, & eſt eadem ferè reſpon<lb></lb>ſio, sed paucioribus abſoluta, id eſt tum graue, tum leue ele<lb></lb>mentum ſecundum facultatem eſſentialem ad motum ſur<lb></lb>ſum, & deorſum à generante mediatè tamen traducitur, im<lb></lb>mediatè autem à propria forma vtrumque elementum cie<lb></lb>tur: inficianda eſt ergo conſequentia, vt prius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001348"><emph type="italics"></emph>Contra illud, quod constantissimè affirmauimùs, dum ge<lb></lb>nerans non per ſe, sed per accidens mouere diximus: apertus <lb></lb>est locus Auerrois libro primo de cælo commentatione vige<lb></lb>ſimaſecunda. </s> <s id="s.001349">Cuius hæc ſunt verba. </s> <s id="s.001350">Motor, in eis eſſentiali<lb></lb>ter eſt generans, & motum eſt genitum. </s> <s id="s.001351">Ergo generans ele<lb></lb>menta eſſentialiter, quod non est, per accidens tantum, ſed <lb></lb>perſe, genità elementa mouet, vt ibi meridiana luce clarius <lb></lb>teſtatur Auerroes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001352"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo primo. </s> <s id="s.001353">Habita ratione primæ præparationis eſ<lb></lb>ſentialiter, habita ratione ſecundæ præparationis accidenta<lb></lb>liter à generante elementa mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001354"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo ſecundo: generans eſt cauſa eſſentialis genera<lb></lb>tionis elementorum, ſed motus eorumdem, generans est cau<lb></lb>ſa, per accidens, quia generans non mouet, niſi mediante for<lb></lb>ma, quam præstat elemento, cum qua largitur, & motum; <lb></lb>non mouet etiam generans, niſi mediante medio moto, ideo per <lb></lb>ſe non mouet, sed per accidens, ſeu per aliud, quia aut per for<lb></lb>mam nuper genitam, aut per medium prius motum: <expan abbr="generãs">generans</expan> <lb></lb>ergo elementa, quatenus est elementorum cauſa eſſentialis,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="193" xlink:href="011/01/213.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>dum à <expan abbr="generãte">generante</expan> elementa <expan abbr="gignũtur">gignuntur</expan>, & quatenus eſt cauſa eſ<lb></lb>ſentialis generationis <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan>, eorumdem motor eſſentialis <lb></lb><expan abbr="nũcupatur">nuncupatur</expan>, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> quatenus mouet. </s> <s id="s.001355"><expan abbr="Negãda">Neganda</expan> ergo <expan abbr="cõſequentia">conſequentia</expan> eſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001356">Contra ſecundam propoſitionem ſecundæ partis, <lb></lb>in qua elementorum motus per accidens ad <lb></lb>per ſe motum redigitur. </s> <s id="s.001357">Cap. II.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001358">NVMERIS <emph type="italics"></emph>omnibus abſoluta tractatio, vt nihil <expan abbr="re-dundãs">re<lb></lb>dundans</expan>, ita nihil <expan abbr="imminutũ">imminutum</expan> continet, id quod de <expan abbr="ſecũ-da">ſecun<lb></lb>da</expan> propoſitione minimè affirmari poteſt: <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> in ea non<lb></lb>nulla vſque adeo neceſſaria deſiderentur, vt ſine illis mutila, <lb></lb>at que truncata videatur: nempe motus, & motores per ſe; <lb></lb>ad quos motus, & motores per accidens redigantur. </s> <s id="s.001359">Omne <lb></lb>enim per accidens tale in per ſe tale redigi debet. </s> <s id="s.001360">Omne quod <lb></lb><expan abbr="impedimentũ">impedimentum</expan> tollit, per accidens mouet. </s> <s id="s.001361">Ergo omne, quod im<lb></lb>pedimentum tollit, in per ſe motum, & in per ſe <expan abbr="mouentẽ">mouentem</expan> <expan abbr="cau-sã">cau<lb></lb>sam</expan> est <expan abbr="redigẽdum">redigendum</expan>, hic per ſe motus, & hæc per ſe mouens cau<lb></lb>ſa, qualis nam ſit, non dum liquet: numeris ergo omnibus ab<lb></lb>ſoluta tractatio non dum eſt, sed rudis vix dum, & inchoata, <lb></lb>in qua hæc, quæ valde neceſſaria ſunt, deſiderantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001362"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo. </s> <s id="s.001363">elementum ab eo, quod impedimentum tollit <lb></lb>per accidens mouetur, id quod impedimentum remouet, impe<lb></lb>dimentum per ſe mouet. </s> <s id="s.001364">Mouetur etiam elementum per ac<lb></lb>cidens à generante; & generans motu generationis totum ele<lb></lb>mentum per ſe mouet, cum totum elementum per ſe à gene<lb></lb>rante gignatur. </s> <s id="s.001365">Ad hæc totum elementum per ſe à propria <lb></lb>forma mouetur. </s> <s id="s.001366">Quapropter hic per accidens motus ad per <lb></lb>ſe motum hac ratione redigitur: & hi per accidens motores <lb></lb>ad per ſe motores hac ratione rediguntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="194" xlink:href="011/01/214.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001367"><emph type="italics"></emph>Admotum ſcilicet generationis per ſe à generante <expan abbr="natũ">natum</expan>, <lb></lb>ad per ſe motum impedimenti ab eo factum, quod impedimen<lb></lb>tum abstulit, ad motum medij à propria medij forma exor<lb></lb>tum; & ad motum elementi, ab eiuſdem elementi propria <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>forma productum. </s> <s id="s.001368">et motores per accidens, ad huiuſmodi per <lb></lb>ſe motores hac ratione ſunt redigendi. </s> <s id="s.001369">Id est, ad id, quod ele<lb></lb>menta per ſe gignit: ad formam elementi elementa, per ſe <lb></lb>mouentem: ad id quod impedimentum mouet, dum illud per <lb></lb>ſe tollit, & ad propriam formam medij, quæ per ſe mouet me <lb></lb>dium, vt ergo nihil redundans, ita nihil imminutum, ſed ea <expan abbr="tã-tum">tan<lb></lb>tum</expan>, quæ neceſſaria ſunt hæc ſecunda propoſitio hoc modo ex<lb></lb>poſita continet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001370">Contra tertiam ſecundæ partis propoſitionem, in <lb></lb>qua modus, quo ad locum elementa mouen<lb></lb>tur, copiosè diſputatur. </s> <s id="s.001371">Cap. III.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001372">I<emph type="italics"></emph>n hac parte proprium elementorum locum non mouere. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001373">vt finis demonſtrare contendimus, & prius <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> argumen<lb></lb>tum adducatur, duo ponuntur: quorum alterum illud eſt, <lb></lb>quod ab Aristotele ſcribitur libro quarto de cælo particula <lb></lb>vigeſimaquinta: cuius hæc paraphrastica ferè ſunt verba, <lb></lb>quod tale est facultate, ei ſimile eſſe dici poteſt, quod tale iam <lb></lb>eſt actu, vt ignis, qui re ipſa, perfectus eſt, & actu in ſuperiori <lb></lb>loco, vt in ſimili quieſcit, qui ex facultate ad actum prorum<lb></lb>pit, extra proprium locum exiſtit, & in ſuperiorem plagam <lb></lb>ad ſibi ſimilem <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan> ſubuolat, vt terra extra centrum, qua vis <lb></lb>ratione conſtituta, ad <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> in centro, vt ad <expan abbr="ſimilẽ">ſimilem</expan> fertur &c. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001374">hæc ab Ariſtotele parum immutata ſcribuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001375"><emph type="italics"></emph>Alterum, quod ponimus est. </s> <s id="s.001376">Ignea vniuerſitas, in eum lo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="195" xlink:href="011/01/215.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>cum transferatur, vbi nunc terræ exiſtit, & pars ignis in lo<lb></lb>co, aut aeris, aut aquæ derélinquatur, & vniuerſitas terræ <lb></lb>ex centro extracta in ſupremum locum aſcendat, vbi nunc eſt <lb></lb>ignis, & ibi quieſcat, & pars terræ in loco, aut aeris, aut aquæ <lb></lb>derelinquantur. </s> <s id="s.001377">Nec ſit qui has hypotheſes dandas non eſſe <lb></lb>contendat, quando particula vigeſimaſecunda, & vigeſimæ<lb></lb>quarta libri quarti de cælo ab Ariſtotele dantur: quibus da<lb></lb>tis argumentum in formam redactum ſcribimus, & Topicam <lb></lb>regulam addimus. </s> <s id="s.001378">Sicut ſimpliciter ad ſimpliciter, ita magis <lb></lb>ad magis, & maxime ad maxime. </s> <s id="s.001379">Sed elementum ſimplex <lb></lb>ad ſimplex ſimile mouetur. </s> <s id="s.001380">Ergo ad magis ſimile elementum <lb></lb>magis ſimile, & maxime ſimile ad maxime ſimile mouebitur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001381">At maior est ſimilitudo ignis ad ignem, quam ignis ad cæli <lb></lb>concauum: immo maxima, & maior eſt ſimilitudo terræ ad <lb></lb>terram, quam terræ ad centrum, immo maxima. </s> <s id="s.001382">Ergo tran<lb></lb>ſlata ignis vniuerſitate ad centrum, non ad cælum, sed ad cen<lb></lb>trum pars ignis in loco aeris, aut aquæ derelicta mouebitur, <lb></lb>& poſita terræ vniuerſitate ſub cælo, non ad centrum ſed ad <lb></lb>cælum pars terræ in loco aeris, aut aquæ existens aſcendet: <lb></lb>cui veritas omnino reclamat. </s> <s id="s.001383">Ergo proprius elementorum lo<lb></lb>cus, vt finis, vt forma, & vt eorumdem perfectio elementa <expan abbr="nō">non</expan> <lb></lb>mouet. </s> <s id="s.001384">Argumentum ex Aristotele naſcitur libro quarto <lb></lb>de cælo particula vigeſimaſecunda.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001385"><emph type="italics"></emph>Huius argumenti exitus duobus modis explicatur: in pri<lb></lb>ma explicationis ratione primo ad materiam de more, ſecun<lb></lb>do ad formam reſpondemus: ad materiam reſpondentes dici<lb></lb>mus. </s> <s id="s.001386">Id quod continet elementum, ei ſimile eſt, quod contine<lb></lb>tur, & quæ or dine ſuo deinceps collocata ſunt, & quæ propter <lb></lb>cognatam, atque symbolicam qualitatem vicissim facilè com<lb></lb>mutantur, ea omnia dicuntur eſſe ſimilia. </s> <s id="s.001387">Ideo ignis est aeri<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="196" xlink:href="011/01/216.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſimilis, quem continet, ſupra quem collocatus est etiam, & in <lb></lb>quem propter cognatam qualitatem paruo negocio mutatur, <lb></lb>perindeac aer propter eamdem cauſam in ignem facilè con<lb></lb>uertitur: aqua ſimilis eſt terræ, quam ambitu ſuo complecti<lb></lb>tur, ſupra quam collocata existit, & in quam propter conſi<lb></lb>milem qualitatem, facilè migrat, & propter eaſdem cauſas <lb></lb>terra in aquam facilè vertitur: ita vt locus, qui igni natura <lb></lb>debetur, ſit totum illud, quod inter concauum orbis lunæ, & <lb></lb>deuexam aeris ſuperficiem interiacet. </s> <s id="s.001388">Terra circa centrum <lb></lb>in aquæ concauo locum habet, & quæ media elementa inter<lb></lb>cipiuntur, inter hæc duo extrema ſic comparata ſunt à natu<lb></lb>ra, vt alia duo media loca ſibi vendicent, in quibus omnibus lo <lb></lb>cis elementa omnem perfectionem habent, quam habere natu<lb></lb>ra poſſunt: & in his rebus, de quibus nunc abundè egimus, om<lb></lb>nium elementorum ſimilitudo conſistit. </s> <s id="s.001389">Ex quibus ad for<lb></lb>mam reſpondemus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001390"><emph type="italics"></emph>Pars terræ ad locum ſuperum, vbi nulla est ſimilitudo, <lb></lb>nullaque est cauſa ſimilitudinis, & quo terræ vniuerſitatem <lb></lb>aſcendiſſe diximus, non moueretur, sed ad centrum, & ignis <lb></lb>ad cælum, & non ad centrum ageretur, quo ignem vniuer<lb></lb>ſum deſcendiſſe aſſeruimus. </s> <s id="s.001391">In centro enim, & non alibi ſunt <lb></lb>enumeratæ terræ ſimilitudines, ſub cælo & <expan abbr="nō">non</expan> alibi ſunt enar<lb></lb>ratæ ignis ſimilitudines. </s> <s id="s.001392">Concedimus itaque totum primum <lb></lb>argumentum, & ſecundi argumenti minorem negamus, quia <lb></lb>non maior eſt ſimilitudo ignis ad ignem vbicumque exiſten<lb></lb>tem, quam ad cæli concauum, immo proculdubio minor. </s> <s id="s.001393">Ideo <lb></lb>tranſlata ignis vniuerſitate ad centrum, pars ignis in loco, <lb></lb>aut aeris, aut aquæ derelicta, ad cælum, & non ad centrum <lb></lb>moueretur. </s> <s id="s.001394">Sicut tranſlata vniuerſa terra ad locum, vbi <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <lb></lb>luna est non ad cælum pars terræ in loco aut aeris, aut aquæ <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="197" xlink:href="011/01/217.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>de relicta cieretur, sed ad centrum: quia ibi, & non alibi ma<lb></lb>gis terra eſt terræ ſimilis: alibi ſimilitudinis est ratio procul<lb></lb>dubio minor, vt ſcriptum reliquit Ariſtoteles in locis, quos ſu<lb></lb>pra adduximus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001395"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo, dum eiuſdem argumenti exitus explicatur, pri<lb></lb>mo ad materiam, deinde ad formam reſpondetur: ad mate<lb></lb>riam animaduertere oportet, loci ſimilitudinem non eſſe vnius <lb></lb>modi, sed duorum: prior abſoluta, poſterior in tanta diſtan<lb></lb>tia dicitur: locus eſt ſimilis elemento non abſolutè, sed in tan<lb></lb>ta diſtantia, quamobrem graue ad centrum tunc aſcenderet, <lb></lb>quo etiam hoc tempore fertur; non quia in centro ſit terra, <lb></lb>sed quia centrum eſt locus, in quo graue ſuam propriam, ac <lb></lb>naturalem perfectionem nanciſcitur, <expan abbr="eãdemque">eandemque</expan> nactam con<lb></lb>ſeruat: & leue ad orbis lunæ concauum euolaret, quo etiam <lb></lb>nunc euolat; non quia ſub cælo ſit ignis, sed quia ibi est locus, <lb></lb>in quo leue ſuam perfectionem adinuenire, & adinuentam <lb></lb>conſeruare ſolet, vt in commentatione quam paullo ante ad<lb></lb>duximus quam optimè ſcripſit Auerroes. </s> <s id="s.001396">Ergo pars ignis in <lb></lb>loco, aut aeris, aut aquæ derelicta ad centrum non cieretur, <lb></lb>vbi igneam vniuerſitatem collocauimus; quia ignea vniuerſi<lb></lb>tas non est ſimilis parti ignis, niſi in tanta diſtantia, ita vt to<lb></lb>tus ignis partem ignis non in centro, sed in maxima distantia <lb></lb>ab vniuerſi orbis centro proficiat, quapropter pars ad totum, <lb></lb>vt ad ſuam perfectionem non moueretur, ſi totus ignis eſſet <lb></lb>in centro; quia in centro nulla eſt ipſius ignis à natura institu<lb></lb>ta perfectio, moueretur pars ignis ad totum ignem ſub luna <lb></lb>exiſtentem, quia ignis vniuerſitas in hac parua à cælo distan<lb></lb>tia eiuſdem ignis partem perficere, omnibuſque numeris abſol<lb></lb>uere potest; neque ideo terræ partes deorſum feruntur; quia <lb></lb>terra est in medio, sed quia rebus omnibus ſimilibus, ac nulla <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="198" xlink:href="011/01/218.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſpecifica differentia distantibus ab eadem mouente naturali <lb></lb>vi, idem motus contingit, & ad eumdem finem formam, ac <lb></lb>perfectionem, tanto intercepto ſpacio diſtantem, quo fit, vt vbi <lb></lb>totum eſt naturaliter ſitum, eo etiam ſingulæ partes ſua ſpon<lb></lb>te, ac natura ferantur: ideo pars terræ ad centrum, & pars <lb></lb>ignis ad cælum natura mouerentur, & non aliò Hæc ad ma<lb></lb>teriam.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001397"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nunc ad formam reſpondentes, inficiamus minorem pri<lb></lb>mi argumenti, id eſt, ſimplex elementum ſimile, ad ſimplex <lb></lb>ſimile elementum moueri in qualibet diſtantia. </s> <s id="s.001398">Negatur <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>minor ſecundi argumenti: maiorem ſcilicet eſſe ſimilitudinem <lb></lb>ignis ad ignem, in qualibet diſtantia; quam ad cæli <expan abbr="concauũ">concauum</expan>, <lb></lb>& terræ ad terram in qualibet distantia, quam ad totius <lb></lb>mundi centrum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001399"><emph type="italics"></emph>Terræ vniuerſitate in eum locum tranſlata, vbi nunc est <lb></lb>ignis, dubitare contingit ex libro ſeptimo <expan abbr="Phyſicorũ">Phyſicorum</expan>, vbi Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles ſcribit, nec à minori, nec ab æquali, ſed à maiori tan<lb></lb>tum fieri poſſe motum: indeſcenſu itaque totius terræ, ante<lb></lb>quam centrum eiuſdem fiat centrum mundi deſcendentis ter<lb></lb>ræ partes quæ totius mundi centrum pertranſire cœperint, <lb></lb>partibus ſupra centrum exiſtentibus reſiſtere incipient: quip<lb></lb>pe, quæ contra naturam ſurſum <expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan>: ergo naturaliter <lb></lb>mouenti reſiſtunt, & eo magis, quo plures deſcendentis terræ <lb></lb>partes, centrum tranſgredientur: ergo, aut tota terra ad cen<lb></lb>trum numquam deſcendet, aut ſegnius in fine, quam in princi<lb></lb>pio mouebitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001400"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo: licet toti non quanto, vt est formæ animalis, <lb></lb>pars quanta, vt est illius corpus, reſiſtat: pars tamen quan<lb></lb>ta, toti quanto non reſiſtit: nec totius motum impedit: ideo <lb></lb>nullo impediente, aut motus velocitatem minuente, centrum <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="199" xlink:href="011/01/219.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>terræ, mundi centrum fiet, quod ſi in partibus centrum trahi <lb></lb>cientibus reſiſtentiam, quis eſſe velit: ſciat in tota terra mo<lb></lb>uendi vim eſſe maiorem, quam in partibus reſiſtendi, & à mi<lb></lb>nori motus non impeditur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001401">Quæſtio de proprio elementorum loco expli<lb></lb>catur. </s> <s id="s.001402">Caput IIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001403">HABET <emph type="italics"></emph>quæstionem non leuem, quod diximus: loca <lb></lb>elementorum propria eſſe ſpacia, quæ inter elementa <lb></lb>intercipiuntur, vt aeris ſitus inter aquam, & ignem <lb></lb>quam aptissimus est; & aquæ ſedes est inter aerem, & ter<lb></lb>ram, terra in aquæ concauo collocatur, & ignis proprius, ac <lb></lb>naturalis locus, est totum illud, quod interconcauum orbis lu<lb></lb>næ, & diuexam aeris ſuperficiem interiacet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001404"><emph type="italics"></emph>Habent inquam hæc omnia difficultatem non leuem, quo<lb></lb>niam quærentibus elementis loca propria, indiuiduum quod<lb></lb>dam videtur eſſe, quod <expan abbr="vocãt">vocant</expan> vbi ad quod per ſe feruntur, <expan abbr="tū">tum</expan> <lb></lb>tota ipſa per ſe ſimplicia elementa, tum ſingulæ eorumdem <lb></lb>partes, ac centrum ſui faciunt. </s> <s id="s.001405">Cuius ſignum illud eſt: ſi loco <lb></lb>aquæ aer poneretur, terra nihilominus ad centrum feretur, <lb></lb>& ſi loco aeris aqua collocaretur, ignis ad locum illum certè <lb></lb>cieretur, quo nunc cietur: quare ad aliorum elementorum ſu<lb></lb>perficies moueri, & ibi quieſcere, elementis quodam modo ac<lb></lb>cidere videtur, ita vt duorum elementorum, aquæ videlicet, <lb></lb>& ignis, ſpacium, quod inter illa duo extrema medium in<lb></lb>tercipitur, aeris locus proprius eſſe non videatur falſum it a<lb></lb>que est, quod diximus: extremas elementorum deuexas & <lb></lb>conuexas ſuperficies medij elementi naturalia loca eſſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001406"><emph type="italics"></emph>Dicendum, primo ad materiam, deinde ad formam: ad <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="200" xlink:href="011/01/220.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>materiam dicimus, elementa duas habere rationes, alteram <lb></lb>quatenus ſunt partes vniuerſi, & naturæ totius; alteram qua <lb></lb>tenus vna quædam particularis natura eſt vnumquodque ele<lb></lb>mentorum. </s> <s id="s.001407">Certè quatenus totius naturæ partes, & veluti <lb></lb>vniuerſi membra ſunt: loca quædam elementorum ſunt ea, <lb></lb>quæ nunc dicta fuerunt; extrema ſcilicet ſuperficies inferio<lb></lb>ris, & ſuperioris elementi ſunt locus illius elementi, quod inter <lb></lb>illa duo medium interiectum est. </s> <s id="s.001408">Nam ſicut in animali par<lb></lb>tes inter ſe conſenſum, & relationem non paruam habent, & <lb></lb>in animali certos expoſcunt ſitus, ita & in vniuerſo, quod pe<lb></lb>rindeac magnum quoddam animal eſſe testis est Auerroes <lb></lb>libro de ſubſtantia orbis capite ſecundo & in deſtructionibus <lb></lb>deſtructionum contra Algazelem diſputatione tertia dubio <lb></lb>decimooctauo, & ſecundo libro de cælo commentatione qua<lb></lb>drageſimaſecunda, & ſeptuageſimaprima; it a eiuſdem vni<lb></lb>uerſi partes ſitus inuicem conſentientes expoſcunt: alioquin <lb></lb>vniuerſum ipſum, quod est quam optimè diſpoſitum, debitè <lb></lb>conſtitutum non eſſet. </s> <s id="s.001409">At quatenus naturæ quædam parti<lb></lb>culares particularia ſunt elementa, ſic profectò certum lo<lb></lb>cum, quod vocant vbi, atque indiuiduum centrum vnumquod<lb></lb>que elementum habet, ad quem indiuiduum locum, & natu<lb></lb>ra feruntur, tum tota elementorum corpora, tum ſingulæ eo<lb></lb>rumdem partes: quod ſi in eodem loco, & circa idem <expan abbr="cẽtrum">centrum</expan> <lb></lb>ſuſque, deque, ante, & ponè, ad dextram, & ad ſiniſtram om<lb></lb>nia elementa concitentur; id illis accidit, quatenus partes ſunt <lb></lb>vniuerſi, & naturæ totius ſemetipſas conſeruantes, & propter <lb></lb>vniuerſi ordinem ſibi inuicem cedentes. </s> <s id="s.001410">Vniuerſi enim pro<lb></lb>pria forma nihil aliud est, quam ordo, vt memoriæ proditum <lb></lb>eſt ab Alexandro libro ſecundo ſuarum quæſtionum natura<lb></lb>lium capite vndeuigeſimo: neceſſe est ergo, vt iſtæ ordo <expan abbr="cũctas">cunctas </expan><emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="201" xlink:href="011/01/221.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>huius mundi partes cuſtodiens omnino conſeruetur, qui ſi aut <lb></lb>inuertatur, aut omni ex parte tollatur, & vniuerſi naturæ <lb></lb>neceſſario corruat, pereunte enim alicuius naturali forma, & <lb></lb>totum illud cuius ea eſt forma, neceſſario perimitur, quia à <lb></lb>forma res habet, vt ſit, quod ſcire licet ex Ariſtoteles in ipſa<lb></lb>met vestibulo libri ſecundi de anima.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001411"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex his ad formam reſpondemus. </s> <s id="s.001412">Indiuiduus eſt locus ele<lb></lb>menti, vt elementum eſt particularis natura, non vt eſt pars <lb></lb>vniuerſi, immo vt est pars vniuerſi, elementi locus est ſupe<lb></lb>rioris, & inferioris elementi extrema ſuperficies.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001413">Elementa nec trahi, nec pelli, in quo de magnete <lb></lb>ferrum ad ſe trahente. </s> <s id="s.001414">Cap. v.LOCVM, <emph type="italics"></emph>& cauſam, quæ motum facit, elementa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>trahere, facilè videre est, quia motu quo res trahun<lb></lb>tur, nihil à mouente diſtans mouetur, quin omnia quæ <lb></lb>inter mouens, & motum intercepta ſunt media, & ipſa tra<lb></lb>huntur: vt Nauis, quæ in medio mari quieſcit, rudentibus al<lb></lb>ligata ex alto ad terram trahi non poteſt, niſi rudentes, & <lb></lb>niſi ſingulæ eorumdem partes trahantur. </s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001415">Ergo ſi ignis hic po<lb></lb>ſitus, ad igneam vniuerſitatem ſub cælo exiſtentem, vt ad cau<lb></lb>ſam facientem motum, & elementa trahentem, aſcenderet; <lb></lb>omnia corpora media vſque ad cæli concauum aſcenderent, <lb></lb>& corpore graui, vt ad id, quod trahit, ad centrum deſcenden <lb></lb>te, omnia media corpora deſcenderent, cui vniuerſus naturæ <lb></lb>ordo reclamat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001416"><emph type="italics"></emph>Præterea terra huius mundi ad alterius mundi centrum, <lb></lb>& alterius mundi terra, ad huius mundi centrum natura <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>cieretur, ſi ambas locus ipſæ traheret, quia trahendi motus de<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="202" xlink:href="011/01/222.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>finitam, ac ſtatutam diſtantiam exigit; extra cuius extremos <lb></lb>fines nihil trahitur, cui aduerſatur Aristoteles libro primo <lb></lb>de cælo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001417"><emph type="italics"></emph>Eſt etiam trahendi motus iſtæ violentus, & non naturalis, <lb></lb>vt videre eſt apud Ariſtotelem ſeptimo Phyſicorum particu<lb></lb>la decima, & elementa non violentia, sed natura ad propria <lb></lb>loca feruntur: ergo non trahuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001418"><emph type="italics"></emph>Adhuc in omni vero trahendi motu trahens, & tractum <lb></lb>trahuntur, septimo Phyſicorum particula decima, vt ad ter<lb></lb>ram nauta nauem trahere nequit, niſi ipſe, qui trahit nauta, <lb></lb>ad tractam nauem, & niſi ipſa, quæ trahitur nauis, ad tra<lb></lb>hentem nauiam trahatur. </s> <s id="s.001419">Ergo locus, vt elementum trahit <lb></lb>ita ab elemento trahitur, qua motus ſpecie nauis ad nautam, <lb></lb>& nauta ad nauem trahi diximus, quod eſt tam abſurdum, <lb></lb>quam abſurdissimum: non igitur locus vt cauſa efficiens tra<lb></lb>hit elementa, sed eadem tantum mouet, vt finis; mouens au<lb></lb>tem vt finis, non niſi metaphoricè mouet, vt libro primo de or<lb></lb>tu, & interitu Ariſtoteles ſcriptum reliquit: locus ergo verè <lb></lb>nec trahet, nec trahetur, sed tantum metaphoricè mouebit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001420"><emph type="italics"></emph>Contra locus <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>, vt magnes <expan abbr="ferrũ">ferrum</expan> trahit, & magnes <lb></lb>à ferro <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> trahitur: <expan abbr="quamobrẽ">quamobrem</expan> locus trahet, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> tamen trahe<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s id="s.001421">Ratio ista nos admonet, vt aliquid de magnete dicamus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001422"><emph type="italics"></emph>Thales Mileſius magnetem animatum eſſe, & animæ <lb></lb>trahentis deſiderio ferrum ad ſe trahere credidit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001423"><emph type="italics"></emph>Sed argui potest, quia nullam cauſam reddidit, quare ab <lb></lb>electro, & ab adamante, quæ animata non ſunt, paleæ tra<lb></lb>huntur. </s> <s id="s.001424">Demonſtranda item fuerant animæ instrumenta, <lb></lb>ſine quibus ab anima nullum corpus efformari poſſe ſcripſit <lb></lb>Aristoteles libro ſecundo de anima: hæc animæ instrumen<lb></lb>ta cum magneti naturam minimè dediſſe constet, quomodo <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="203" xlink:href="011/01/223.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>effugere poterit Thales, quin reprehendatur?<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001425"><emph type="italics"></emph>Empedocles tam ferrum, quam herculeum lapidem omni <lb></lb>ex parte peruium eſſe corporis vtriuſque, ſibi vicissim reſpon<lb></lb>dentes aeris plenos æquales eſſe meatus eſt ratus, ab vtroque <lb></lb>corpore defluxus quoſdam manare, ab herculeo lapide <expan abbr="manã-tes">manan<lb></lb>tes</expan>, in meatus ferri ſibi proportione reſpondentes excluſo ae<lb></lb>re, qui intus erat, penetrare; & ferrum, dum ſuos defluxus <lb></lb>ſequitur, ad herculeum lapidem hac ratione moueri credidit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001426"><emph type="italics"></emph>Maximè qui reprehendatur dignus eſt hoc loco Empedo<lb></lb>cles, quia nullam cauſam reddidit, quamobrem magnes ad <lb></lb>ferrum non moueatur, ad quod moueri optimo iure deberet, ſi <lb></lb>defluxus egressi non magis à magnete ad ferrum, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> à fer<lb></lb>ro ad magnetem celerrimè cieantur: nihil etiam dixit, quam<lb></lb>obrem non ad aliud quoduis corpus, sed ad ſolum herculeum <lb></lb>lapidem, ferrum concitetur, quod tamen ad quodcunque <lb></lb>aliud concitari opus eſſet, cum defluxus à ferro egressi cuili<lb></lb>bet alteri peruio corpori <expan abbr="cõmunicentur">communicentur</expan>. </s> <s id="s.001427">Cur etiam, quodcum<lb></lb>que aliud peruium corpus ad aliud peruium corpus non fer<lb></lb>tur, ſi defluxus, vt meatus ſibi vicissim reſpondentes, ex quo<lb></lb>cumque alio peruio corpore manantes, & in cuiuſcumque <lb></lb>corporis meatus ſibi inuicem reſpondentes, excluſo aere, qui <lb></lb>intus latebat, penetrantes inuenire contigerit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001428"><emph type="italics"></emph>Democritus, Leucippus, Epicurus, & ex latinis Lucretius <lb></lb>vates quibuſdam poſitis, motus, quo ferrum ad magnetem <lb></lb>fertur, rationem reddiderunt. </s> <s id="s.001429">Primum quod ponunt est. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001430">Vt ex quibuſuis corporibus, ita ex magnete, & ferro, indiui<lb></lb>dua corpuſcula numquam non efficiunt. </s> <s id="s.001431">Alterum eſt, ſimile <lb></lb>ad ſibi ſimile fertur. </s> <s id="s.001432">Tertium Vt corpus vnumquodque, ita <lb></lb>magnes, & ferrum ex ſolido & inani est conflatum. </s> <s id="s.001433">Quarto <lb></lb>Tenuiora <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan> indiuidua corpora, quæ ex magnete proſiliunt,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="204" xlink:href="011/01/224.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>& magnetis corpus eſt corpore ferri rarius. </s> <s id="s.001434">Quintum, In ma<lb></lb>gnete plures & maiores ſunt vacuitates, quam in ferro. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001435">Sextum, Similia ſunt, quæ ex vtroque corpuſcula manant. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001436">Hinc ſequirebantur atomos illas quas magnes edit, ad ſibi ſi<lb></lb>miles, quæ ſunt in ferro atomos incitari, eaſdem ex ferri va<lb></lb>cuitatibus excludere, earumdem loca occupare, à ferro exclu<lb></lb>ſa indiuidua corpuſcula ad magnetem, vt ad ſimilem moueri <lb></lb>& ſecum ferrum, quod ad magnetem mouetur, hac ratione <lb></lb>ducere. </s> <s id="s.001437">Magnes ad ferrum non cietur, quia tot vacuitates <lb></lb>non ſunt in ferro, quot in magnete, nec ex ferro tot egrediun<lb></lb>tur corpora, quot ex magnete, nec eſt ferrum tam peruium, <lb></lb>vt magnes. </s> <s id="s.001438">Quamquam isti multa vera dicunt, vt est illud <lb></lb>ſimile, licet non ſemper, aliquando tamen, ad ſimile ferri, & <lb></lb>Herculeum lapidem, ac ferrum ex ſimilibus constare, & fer <lb></lb>rum ad lapidem Herculeum, vt ad ſimilem moueri, tamen <lb></lb>quia de electro, & adamante feſtucas, & minutas paleas ad ſe <lb></lb>trahente quorum ſolidum, & inane, & quorum effluentia <lb></lb>corpora ſunt dissimilia, ſi hæc omnia dantur, nihil dixerunt, <lb></lb>effugere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> potuerunt, quin grauissimè reprehendantur: quin <lb></lb>etiam ſi omnium à ſimili attractio fit, quam plurima, quæ ex <lb></lb>ſimilibus constant, ſe vicissim traherent, quorum nullum à <lb></lb>nullo trahitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001439"><emph type="italics"></emph>Diogenes, non illæ Laertius, sed alter Appolloniates du<lb></lb>ctilia omnia (inquit) ſic à natura comparata ſunt, vt humi<lb></lb>ditatem quamdam emittant, & eamdem ab extrinſeco ad ſe <lb></lb>trahant, hæc quidem maiorem, illa verò minorem, cuius gra<lb></lb>tia ab igni liquantur, humiditatem plurimam æs, & ferrum <lb></lb>emictunt, huius ſignum inde colligunt, quod ferri, & æris <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>abigni liquantur, non nihil abſumitur: ferrum multum hu<lb></lb>miditatis reddit, multum etiam accipit lapis Herculeus, quia <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="205" xlink:href="011/01/225.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ferro magis aridus, magis rarus, & magis terreus plus trahit <lb></lb>humidi, quam reddat: humidum, quod ſuæ naturæ magis fa<lb></lb>miliare, & conueniens eſt, magis attrahit: at quoniam fer<lb></lb>reum humidum naturæ Herculei lapidis conuenientissimum <lb></lb>est, ideo maximè trahitur, & cum tracto ferreo humido, pro<lb></lb>pter naturæ cognationem, & formam, etiam ipſum ferrum <lb></lb>trahitur: ferrum non item trahit magnetem, quia ferrum <lb></lb>minus est peruium, & eam ob cauſam, multam aggregatæ <lb></lb>humiditatis cognatam congeriem accipere non poteſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001440"><emph type="italics"></emph>Diogenes dicat oportet, cur ſolus Herculeus lapis ferrum <lb></lb>tantum trahit, ſi ſola humiditas eſt cauſa propter quam hæc <lb></lb>attractio fiat? </s> <s id="s.001441">cum alia multa fluida ſint, & ſuo more hu<lb></lb>mida, vt est æs, plumbum, & argentum, & cætera, quæ & <lb></lb>ipſa propter innatam humiditatem liquantur: magneti hu<lb></lb>midæ ob cognatam, & naturæ magnetis maximè conuenien<lb></lb>tem humiditatem ſimilia, & à magnete non trahuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001442"><emph type="italics"></emph>Contra Empedoclem, Democritum, Leucippum, Epicu<lb></lb>rum, Lucretium, & Diogenem omnia ferè illa argumenta <lb></lb>poſſunt afferri, quæ libro primo de Phyſico auditu particula <lb></lb>trigeſimaſexta, & deinceps contra Anaxagoram, ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele allata fuerunt. </s> <s id="s.001443">Omnes ex Herculis lapide corporatas <lb></lb>effluxiones manare aſſeruerunt: vt Empedocles à mente di<lb></lb>uina vnumquodque ex vno quoque extrahi aſſeruit: quapro<lb></lb>pter iisdem mediis, quibus Empedocles arguitur, & ipſi ar<lb></lb>guuntur. </s> <s id="s.001444">Omne itaque corpus (vt hinc dicendi principium <lb></lb>auſpicemur) aliqua ex parte quantumuis parua truncatum <lb></lb>minus quam prius constiterat, efficitur; atqui ex magnete <lb></lb>truncatæ partes, quæ corpora ſunt, effluunt. </s> <s id="s.001445">Ergo magnetis <lb></lb>corpus ſemper fit minus, sed magnetem diu ferrum trahere <lb></lb>contingit. </s> <s id="s.001446">Ergo bona pars corporatarum effluxionum ex ma<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="206" xlink:href="011/01/226.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>gnete diu manare contigit. </s> <s id="s.001447">Ergo magnes nunquam non fiet <lb></lb>minor: ergo vel ad minimam quantitatem deueniet, ex qua <lb></lb>nihil effluet, ac tunc ferrum, quod prius trahebatur amplius <lb></lb>non trahetur, vel ſi trahetur, cum non niſi effluxionibus cor<lb></lb>poratis ex Herculis lapide manantibus trahatur, opus erit, <lb></lb>vt lapis Herculeus minor minimo fiat, & ſi attractio diu du<lb></lb>ret, lapis tandem conſumetur. </s> <s id="s.001448">Quod ſi lapis Herculeus par<lb></lb>ticularum <expan abbr="cõtinuo">continuo</expan> effluxu non conſumatur, cum tempus nec <lb></lb>ſui ortus principium habeat, nec finem ſit habiturum, vt Ari<lb></lb>stoteles octauo Phyſicorum efficacissimè demonstrat, tempo<lb></lb>re infinito ferrum à magnete trahi contingerit; & est ma<lb></lb>gnetis corpus finitum, ex quo infinito tempore infinitæ particu<lb></lb>læ effluent. </s> <s id="s.001449">Ergo in corpore finito infinities infinitæ particulæ <lb></lb>erunt. </s> <s id="s.001450">At ſi magnetis paruum illud fruſtulum paruum fer<lb></lb>ri fruſtulum non traxerit: ergo nec totus magnus Herculeus <lb></lb>lapis trahebat, quia totum præditum eſt partibus <expan abbr="conſimiliũ">conſimilium</expan> <lb></lb>rationum: quapropter ſi totum trahit, & qualibet totius par<lb></lb>ticula trahet; ſi vna particula non trahit, nec totum trahet, <lb></lb>quæ omnia præter quam, quod fieri non poſſunt, ſunt <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> tam <lb></lb>falſa quam falſissima, & tam abſurda quam abſurdissima. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001451">Hic antiquorum Democriti præſertim trahendi modus, vt ru<lb></lb>dis, atque ineptus à Galeno libro primo de naturalibus facul<lb></lb>tatibus, & non raro alibi, grauiter & acutè refellitur: cuius <lb></lb>argumenta nos intacta derelinquimus; ne quæstionis huius <lb></lb>explicandus exitus diutius differatur, & ad rem noſtram <lb></lb>reuertimur. </s> <s id="s.001452">Ideo aliter reſpondeo, & certè melius. </s> <s id="s.001453">Ferrum <lb></lb>propria forma vacat, à qua ad Herculeum lapidem mouea<lb></lb>tur, ideo à magnete omnino immoto trahitur, beneficio tamen <lb></lb>ſpecierum quorumdam tenuium, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> corporatorum, vt veteres <lb></lb>illi philoſophi, quorum mentionem ſupra feci, aſſeruerunt, sed<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="207" xlink:href="011/01/227.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſpiritalium vt ſpiritales ſunt colorum ſpecies, quæ ex colori<lb></lb>bus effluentes, per illuminatum medium, & cæteris omnibus <lb></lb>in partibus optimè diſpoſitum, multiplicatæ ad oculum, à quo <lb></lb>videntur, in piramidis formam, cuius baſis eſt in eare, quæ vi <lb></lb>detur, & cuſpis in oculo, qui videt, ocissimè perueniunt: hæ ſpe <lb></lb>cies à magnete egreſſæ, & per medium optimè diſpoſitum mul<lb></lb>tiplicatæ, ferro <expan abbr="cõmunicantur">communicantur</expan>, quibus communicatis ferrum <lb></lb>magneti ſimile redditur, & ad trahentem magnetem, vt ad <lb></lb>ſimilem fertur; non vi tamen, sed trahentis magnetis natura<lb></lb>li deſiderio in ferro exiſtente. </s> <s id="s.001454">Ferrum ergo eam ob rem ad <lb></lb>magnetem mouetur occaſione ſcilicet ſpecierum illarum ſpiri<lb></lb>talium, de quibus verba fecit Alexander libro ſecundo ſuo<lb></lb>rum <expan abbr="quæstionũ">quæstionum</expan> naturalium capite vigeſimotertio, à quo Sim<lb></lb>plicius octauo libro Phyſicorum particula octuageſimaſecun<lb></lb>da non differt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001455"><emph type="italics"></emph>Animaduertendum certè eſt, nos per ſimilitudinem inter <lb></lb>ferrum, & magnetem à ſpeciebus generatam, non intellige<lb></lb>re, aut ſimplicem relationem, aut ſimplex relationis funda<lb></lb>mentum, cum hæc per ſe principium motus illius non ſint. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001456">Neque enim relatio, neque fundamentum, quæ non tangunt, <lb></lb>mouere <expan abbr="valẽt">valent</expan>, ſed per <expan abbr="ſimilitudinẽ">ſimilitudinem</expan> ſpeciem <expan abbr="quãdam">quandam</expan> ſpiritalem <lb></lb>intelligo, quæ eo modo tangit, quo aut lucis aut colorum ſpe<lb></lb>cies oculum tangit: quia nihil aut mouet, aut mouere <expan abbr="vmquã">vmquam</expan> <lb></lb>potest niſi tangat; quod ſeptimo libro Phyſicorum ab Aristo<lb></lb>tele diſputatur: & nihil aut mouetur, aut moueri potest, niſi <lb></lb>ab eo, quod mouet, tangatur. </s> <s id="s.001457">Ad hanc <expan abbr="ſententiã">ſententiam</expan> eorum opi<lb></lb>nio redacta, qui ferrum à vi quadam oculta ſeu nota, aut na<lb></lb>tura, aut ſubstantia trahi credunt, veritati conſentanea erit, <lb></lb>ſi per ocultam vim naturam, & ſubſtantiam formam au<lb></lb>dierint, quæ ſuam ſpiritalem ſpeciem, per medium optimè di-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="208" xlink:href="011/01/228.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſpoſitum, propagat, & ſimile cum ſimili copulat: ſi enim ocu<lb></lb>lus per mediam ſpeciem, non tantum ſimilis, sed quodammodo <lb></lb>fit res quæ videtur: ſi intellectus per eamdem ſpeciem, non ſo<lb></lb>lum fit ſimilis illius rei, quæ intelligitur, sed fit ſuo modo idem; <lb></lb>cur orta inter magnetem, & ferrum ſimilitudinis reciproca<lb></lb>tione beneficio ſpecierum ſpiritalium, quæ à magnete mana<lb></lb>runt, & ferro communicatæ fuerunt, ferrum magneti ſimi<lb></lb>le non fiet? </s> <s id="s.001458">& ad magnetem vt ad ſimilem non mouebitur? <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001459">Hac ſimilitudinis proprietate stirpes ſuccum è terra idoneum <lb></lb>& vna quæque corporis humani particula, id quod in ſangui<lb></lb>ne ſibi familiare, & conueniens eſt, allicit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001460"><emph type="italics"></emph>Roget quis, cur extremum nauigatoriæ pixidis perpendi<lb></lb>culum temperati magnete ferri, tanta diſtantia ad eas ſem<lb></lb>per partes ſe conuertat, quæ ad polos ſpectant? </s> <s id="s.001461">Huius rei cau<lb></lb>ſas inuestigare, atque inuenire quam difficillimum est. </s> <s id="s.001462">ego <lb></lb>vero (ſaluo ſemper aliorum meliori iudicio) eaſdem in ſpecies <lb></lb>iſtas ſpiritales referendas eſſe reor, quæ ſiue ab altissimis, & <lb></lb>ſecundum quamlibet loci differentiam, vastissimis ex magne<lb></lb>te Riphæis montibus, ſiue ab alia quauis re, quæ magneti pro <lb></lb>portione reſpondeat, egreſſæ & per medium propagatæ, ad <lb></lb>pixidis vſque perpendiculum producuntur, <expan abbr="perpẽdiculum">perpendiculum</expan> rei <lb></lb>illi ſimilem reddunt, quæ est aut magnes, aut magnetis pro<lb></lb>portione reſpondet; ferrum deinde perpendiculi harum ſpiri<lb></lb>talium ſpecierum vi & efficacia ad montes magnetis, vel <lb></lb>ad res alias magneti proportione reſpondentes, vt ad ſimiles <lb></lb>mouetur; non vi, sed harum ſpiritalium ſpecierum efficacia. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001463">Nec ſit, qui propter magnam distantiam per quam ſpecies <lb></lb>multiplicari debeant, conturbetur; quoniam à cælo ab oculis <lb></lb>noſtris maximopere diſtanti lucis ſpecies propagantur, qua<lb></lb>rum propagatione nos ſtellas ſpectamus. </s> <s id="s.001464">Non ne Plinio teste <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="209" xlink:href="011/01/229.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>catablephæ animal, hominem, vel etiam ad mille paſſus di<lb></lb>ſtantiam conſpectum interficit. </s> <s id="s.001465">quod in aliam certè cauſam <lb></lb>referendum non eſt, quam in hanc ſpiritalem ſpeciem per me <lb></lb>dium, quod tantopere diſtat, propagatam; maxima enim est <lb></lb>repugnantia inter humanos, & catablephæ ſpiritus quorum <lb></lb>ſpecies per aerem medium multiplicatæ ad humanos ſpiritus <lb></lb>conferuntur, à quibus humani ſpiritus diuelluntur, fugantur <lb></lb>destruuntur: perindeac ab excellenti re, quæ ſentitur cuius <lb></lb>ſpecies per aerem medium multiplicatæ, & ad ſenſum latæ, <lb></lb>ſenſum deſtruunt: humanis ſpiritibus à catablepha destructu <lb></lb>homo perit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001466"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nunc ad elementa reuertimur, quæ propriam formam <lb></lb>habent, à qua (vt dictum est ſupra) mouentur, quam pro<lb></lb>priam formam ferrum, quod ad magnetem mouetur, non ha<lb></lb>bet: ideo ſat eſt ferrum à magnete immoto trahi, non autem <lb></lb>elementum à loco trahi ſat erit, niſi locus & ipſæ trahatur pe<lb></lb>rindeac ſat non est. </s> <s id="s.001467">nauigium radentibus alligatum ad ter<lb></lb>ram à nauta trahente ex alto trabi, niſi & ipſæ nauta à tra<lb></lb>cta naui trahatur, vel ſaltem niſi ad tractam nauem mouea<lb></lb>tur hæc ad materiam: nunc ad argumenti formam inficien<lb></lb>da est ſimilitudo, non enim locus elementum ea ratione, quæ <lb></lb>magnes ferrum trahit, ſed ratione alia, & longè diuerſa, vt <lb></lb>diſputauimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001468"><emph type="italics"></emph>Contrarium tamen colligi fortè poterit ex Auerroes libro <lb></lb>ſeptimo <expan abbr="Phyſicorũ">Phyſicorum</expan> <expan abbr="commẽtatione">commentatione</expan> trigeſimaquinta, vbi Auer<lb></lb>roes indefinitè affirmare videtur, graue deorſum, & leue ſur<lb></lb>ſum trahi, vt ferrum à magnete trahitur. </s> <s id="s.001469">Ergo vt magnes <lb></lb>immotus <expan abbr="ferrũ">ferrum</expan> trahit, ita & locus immotus <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> trahit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001470"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo id verum est vtique, sed trahendi modus diſcre<lb></lb>pat; ſimilitudo ergo intrahendo conſiſtit, non <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> in modo tra<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="210" xlink:href="011/01/230.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>hendi. </s> <s id="s.001471">Magnes enim eſt omnino cauſa motus ferri: atqui lo<lb></lb>cus, quamobrem elementum moueatur, abſoluta cauſa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001472">Idem de alimento ſentiendum, quod à vegetandi facultate tra<lb></lb>hitur, deque feſtucis ab electro, & ab adamante attractis, <lb></lb>& de auro attracto ab ore peſcis hieracis; deque mustellis, <lb></lb>quas etiam inuitas, & reluctantes bufones trahunt, de ceruis, <lb></lb>qui per cuniculos ex abditissimis terræ viſceribus naribus ſer<lb></lb>pentes trahunt. </s> <s id="s.001473">Hæc omnia ad id, quod trahit, mouentur, id<lb></lb>que per ſolam vim ab attrahentibus illorum vnicuique com<lb></lb>municatam, non autem per formas eorumdem proprias, quia <lb></lb>non omnes rerum <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> actiones, & opera, aut à peruulgatis <lb></lb>& cuilibet notis elementorum, aut mixtorum formis, aut ab <lb></lb>eorumdem temperamentis prodeunt; ſic tamen comparatum <lb></lb>est à natura, vt ferri forma cauſa ſit, quamobrem ferrum ſpi<lb></lb>ritales effluxiones accipiat; & non aliud corpus alia forma ef<lb></lb>formatum; est enim magnes quaſi ferri mater, quippe quod <lb></lb>ferrum in eiſdem montibus gignatur, in quibus genitus eſt ma<lb></lb>gnes: & ex magnete, vt ex materia nonnulli ferrum genera<lb></lb>ri credant. </s> <s id="s.001474">Porrò elementa veluti ad propriam perfectionem <lb></lb>ad propria loca feruntur, idque per propriam ac naturalem <lb></lb>formam. </s> <s id="s.001475">Ergo proprius elementorum motus non eſt verè, ac <lb></lb>propriè trahendi motus, vt est motus nauis in alto existentis <lb></lb>ad nautam ad littus trahentem, nec ea ratione metaphori<lb></lb>cus, qui eſt motus ferri ad magnetem, & cæterarum omnium <lb></lb>rerum, quarum ſupra mentionem fecimus, sed ratione diuer<lb></lb>ſa, vt ex prædictis apparet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001476"><emph type="italics"></emph>Postquam elementa ab eo loco, ad quem tendunt, non tra<lb></lb>hi demonſtrauimus; nunc ſupereſt, vt eadem nec ab eo loco, à <lb></lb>quo diſcedunt, nec à cælo, nec ab alia quauis re per violentam <lb></lb>eliſionem trudi demonstremus: id quo maiore breuitate, & <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="211" xlink:href="011/01/231.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>quo efficacioribus demonſtrationibus fieri poterit abſoluemus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001477"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ab oppoſito ergo loco per violentam eliſionem elementa <lb></lb>non mouentur, quia quanto maior eſſet ignis, tanto tardius <lb></lb>aſcenderet, & terra quanto maior eſſet, tanto tardius ad me <lb></lb>dium mundi centrum deſcenderet: ſi eadem motu violento ab <lb></lb>oppoſito loco, aut à quauis alia re eliderentur, quia maior mo<lb></lb>bilis moles mouenti magis reſistit, quam minor, & motum ſe<lb></lb>gniorem efficit; at contra fieri videmus, vt quanto maior ignis <lb></lb>ſit, tanto celerius in ſublime ſubuolet, & quanto maior terræ <lb></lb>gleba fuerit, tanto celerius deorſum præcipitetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001478"><emph type="italics"></emph>Præterea ſi propter violentam eliſionem elementa <expan abbr="moueãtur">mouean<lb></lb>tur</expan>, in fine non velocius, sed tardius agitabuntur; à quocum<lb></lb>que eadem moueri audiuerimus. </s> <s id="s.001479">Nam quanto magis ab eli<lb></lb>dente eliſa corpora distant, tanto tardius feruntur propter <lb></lb><expan abbr="acceptũ">acceptum</expan> impetum, qui tractu temporis langueſcit. </s> <s id="s.001480">Quæ enim <lb></lb>contra naturam ab intrinſeco motore mouentur, cum moue<lb></lb>ri incipiunt, cumque vicinam, & proximam vim mouentem <lb></lb>habent, velocius mouentur: abſcendente, ac deficiente, ſeu di<lb></lb>ſtante vi mouente ſuſceptus impetus mouentis in corpore mo<lb></lb>bili langueſcit & motus remittitur, vt addiſcere licet ab Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele, Simplicio, Auerroe, & aliis grauissimis Ariſtotelis <lb></lb>expoſitoribus libro ſecundo de cælo particula quadrageſima<lb></lb>ſecunda, & libro primo de cælo particula octuageſimanona.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001481"><emph type="italics"></emph>Præterea ſi elementa violentiam paſſa truderentur, ad <expan abbr="eũ">eum</expan> <lb></lb>etiam locum natura reuerterentur, vnde violentiam paſſa eli<lb></lb>ſa fuerunt: id quod videre est in ſagitta ab arca ſurſum im<lb></lb>pulla, quæ ad eum locum cadens deſcendit natura, vnde vio<lb></lb>lentia proici cœpit: ex duobus enim locis, ac motibus <expan abbr="cõtrariis">contrariis</expan>, <lb></lb>ſi alter vni elemento eſt violentus, oppoſitus ei erit naturalis, <lb></lb>vt Ariſtoteles in principio libri primi de cælo probauit. </s> <s id="s.001482">Ele-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="212" xlink:href="011/01/232.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>mentum igitur violentia non eliditur, non trahitur, sed ad <expan abbr="ſuũ">ſuum</expan> <lb></lb>locum natura mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001483"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hinc Democriti opinionem falſam eſſe intelligimus, qui <lb></lb>ignem ideo ſurſum ferri voluit, propterea quod à cæteris cor<lb></lb>poribus compreſſus euibraretur: quæ enim comprimuntur, ac <lb></lb>vibrantur corporea violentia mouentur, & Democrito qui <lb></lb>hæc dixit, omnia alia incommoda accidunt, quæ hoc loco ſcri<lb></lb>buntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001484">Contra quartam ſecundæ partis propoſitio<lb></lb>nem aerem in proprio loco grauem, <lb></lb>& leuem eſſe demonſtramus. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001485">Caput VI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001486">CONTRA <emph type="italics"></emph>ea, quæ in quarta ſecundæ partis propo<lb></lb>ſitione ſupra dicta fuerunt: primo aerem in ſuo pro<lb></lb>prio naturalique loco <expan abbr="aliquã">aliquam</expan> habere grauitatem oſten <lb></lb>dere nitimur: idque ex particula vigeſimaoctaua libri tertij<lb></lb>de cælo, vbi Ariſtoteles ratus eſt, aerem ad vtrumque <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> <lb></lb>eſſe idoneum, ſurſum ſcilicet atque deorſum: propterea quod <lb></lb>in aere ſit grauitas, & leuitas, & quarto cæli particula tri<lb></lb>geſima aerem in ſuo loco eſſe grauem voluit, vt inferiora duo <lb></lb>quæ aeri ſubiacent <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> ſunt in ſuis locis grauia, quod pro<lb></lb>batur ſigno vel manifeſtissimo vtris inflati, qui maioris pon<lb></lb>deris eſſe ſolet, quam ſi ſit inanis, quod aliunde accidere ne<lb></lb>quit, quam ex aeris pondere: in vtre aeris pleno incluſi, & in <lb></lb>vtre inani nulla ratione inuenti.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001487"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex concretis etiam nonnullis corporibus id perſpicuum eſt: <lb></lb><expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan> enim quibuſdam aut grauiora ſunt, aut leuiora, prout <lb></lb>plus, minuſue grauia, & leuia ſunt ſimplicia corpora ex qui-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="213" xlink:href="011/01/233.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>bus mixta conflantur: fit autem non raro, vt eadem non vbi<lb></lb>que aut grauia, aut leuia eſſe videantur, sed alicubi grauia, <lb></lb>& alicubi leuia, quod totum ſimplicibus elementis, ex quibus <lb></lb>mixtæ ſubstantiæ fuerint, ferri debet acceptum. </s> <s id="s.001488">Vt ecce li<lb></lb>gnum talenti pondere, plumbum autem vnius tantum emi<lb></lb>næ capiatur: <expan abbr="vtrũque">vtrunque</expan> in aere ſuſpenſum, inaere plumbo erit <lb></lb>lignum grauius, & plumbo per medium aerem lignum ocius <lb></lb>deſcendat, poſtquam ad aquam corpus vtrumque peruenerit: <lb></lb>in eamdem grauem plumbum illico mergetur, & leue <expan abbr="lignũ">lignum</expan> <lb></lb>in aqua veluti ſuſpenſum stabit, cuius rei cauſa ea eſt; quod <lb></lb>elementa omnia in propriis etiam locis nonnulla ſunt graui<lb></lb>tate prædita: vno excepto igni, qui ſemper & vbique est le<lb></lb>uis: aer in terræ, & in aqua loco eſt leuis, & in loco ignis eſt <lb></lb>grauis, in ſuo proprio, ac naturali loco nonnullam grauitatem <lb></lb>habet, itaque ſi quid est, quod plus aeris in ſe contineat, quam <lb></lb>aquæ, ac terræ; id profectò in aqua contingit eſſe leuius, & <lb></lb>in aere grauius. </s> <s id="s.001489">Lignum ergo talenti vnius, quod aeris in <lb></lb>ſe, plus habeat, quam aquæ, ac terræ, grauius est in aere, <lb></lb>quam plumbum eminæ tantum vnius in aquam, quod lon<lb></lb>gè plus terræ quam aquæ, & longè plus aquæ quam ae<lb></lb>ris habeat plumbum ocissimè mergetur: aquæ extimam <lb></lb>planiciem lignum vix attingit, & eamdem poſtquam atti<lb></lb>gerit, ſupernatans illico quieſcet: ita vt eam ob rem maio<lb></lb>rem leuitatem præſeferre videatur. </s> <s id="s.001490">Id Aristoteles quar<lb></lb>to libro de cælo particula vndetrigeſima ideo verum eſſe est <lb></lb>ratus, quod aer in ſuo proprio naturalique loco aliqua gra<lb></lb>uitate ſit præditus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="214" xlink:href="011/01/234.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001491">Quæ Themiſtius contra Ariſtotelem, & quæ Auer<lb></lb>roes contra Themiſtium, de aeris grauitate <lb></lb>dixerint. </s> <s id="s.001492">Caput VII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001493">AVDIENDVS <emph type="italics"></emph>non eſt hoc loco Themistius, qui non <lb></lb>propter aerem, quem negat ſuo in loco eſſe grauem, sed <lb></lb>propter aquæ, & terræ exuperantiam ratus est ma<lb></lb>gnum lignum eſſe paruo plumbo grauius; eam ob rem Auer<lb></lb>roes libro quarto de cælo commentatione vndetrigeſima <lb></lb>Themiſtium quam acerrimè vrget hac ratione potissimum. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001494">Quod ſi quanta aquæ vis, & terræ ineſt plumbo, tanta etiam <lb></lb>inſit ligno, æqualis ponderis ambo æquali velocitate per me<lb></lb>dium aerem deſcenderent, vt Themistio placuit, cum ſecun<lb></lb>dum naturalem veritatem vtriuſque grauitas, in vtroque ſit <lb></lb>diſpar. </s> <s id="s.001495">Tria enim ſunt in ligno grauia: primum aeris, ſecun<lb></lb>dum aquæ, tertium terræ, quæ omnia verſus <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> tendunt, <lb></lb>& corpus, in quo ſunt, deorſum trahunt. </s> <s id="s.001496">In plumbo minus est <lb></lb>aeris; ideo in eo etiam minus erit aerei ponderis, & per <expan abbr="aerẽ">aerem</expan> <lb></lb>medium plumbo lignum velocius rapietur, quamquam talen<lb></lb>ti vnius (verbi gratia) vtriuſque par ſit pondus. </s> <s id="s.001497">Id quod non <lb></lb>nulli ex his, qui ad nos audiendos conuenerunt ſuperioribus <lb></lb>diebus, experti fuerunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001498"><emph type="italics"></emph>Cum enim in ædibus meis eſſemus vnà omnes, quò diſce<lb></lb>ptandi gratia conuenire ſæpe conſueuistis, venit fortè ad nos <lb></lb>quidam adoleſcens, & noſtri ſemper amantissimus & eiſdem <lb></lb>literarum studiis deditissimus, hic poſt mutuos (vt fieri ſolet) <lb></lb>complexus (ſatis enim longo interuallo neque illæ nos, neque <lb></lb>nos illum videramus) et quid (inquit) ego à veſtris litera<lb></lb>riis congressibus aduentu meo auoco? </s> <s id="s.001499">reuertimini ad diſce-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="215" xlink:href="011/01/235.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ptationes, quas priusquam huc pedem appuli, cœperatis, & <lb></lb>eaſdem me præſente abſoluite, vt à vobis doctior de more diſce<lb></lb>dam: cumque tum ipſo tum cæteris omnibus conſentientibus, <lb></lb>in hanc diſceptatione quam nunc præ manibus habemus, for<lb></lb>tè incidiſſemus, & id pro <expan abbr="cõſtanti">conſtanti</expan> affirmauiſſemus, quod <expan abbr="nũc">nunc</expan> <lb></lb>constantissimè affirmamus, post longum congreſſum meam <lb></lb>ſententiam, meaque argumenta, quibus eamdem fulcire ſata<lb></lb>gebant, nonnulli labefactare, & nonnulli communire pro di<lb></lb>uerſa animi propenſione, proque diuerſo ingenio conarentur, <lb></lb>cumque inter nos diſceptationes ſemper <expan abbr="augerẽtur">augerentur</expan>, nullusque <lb></lb>earumdem exitus inueniretur, ad experientiam omnium re<lb></lb>rum magiſtram, perindeac ad ſacram ancoram <expan abbr="cõfugimus">confugimus</expan>, <lb></lb>& duobus adinuentis, tum ligni, tum plumbi frustulis æqua<lb></lb>lis, vt ex aſpectu coniicere licebat, ponderis, neque enim nos <lb></lb>ad lancem illa expendere neceſſarium eſſe duximus, sed peri<lb></lb>culo quod facturi fueramus, ſat eſſe rati fuimus, ſi ad ocu<lb></lb>lum expenderentur, eadem ergo duo adinuenta æqualis pon<lb></lb>deris frustula, ex altiore noſtrarum ædium fenestra pari im<lb></lb>pulſu, eodemque tempore proiiciemus: plumbum ſegnius de<lb></lb>ſcenderet, ſuper lignum enim, quod prius in <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan> ceciderat, <lb></lb>omnes quotquot ibi, rei exitum expectabamus, illud præceps <lb></lb>ruere vidimus: idque non ſemel, sed ſæpenumero eodem ſuc<lb></lb>ceſſu tentauimus. </s> <s id="s.001500">Cuius rei experimento ducti omnes in eam <lb></lb>dem nobiſcum pedibus iuêre ſententiam. </s> <s id="s.001501">Ergo tum rationi, <lb></lb>tum experimento, tum auctoritati conſentaneum est, aeris in <lb></lb>ſuo proprio, naturalique loco, nonnullam eſſe grauitatem, quo <lb></lb>fit, vt lignum in quo plus est aeris, quam in plumbo, æqua<lb></lb>lis ponderis per aerem medium velocius deſcendat, & ſuper <lb></lb>aquam natet, quod in aqua aer ſit leuius, perindeac leuis eſt <lb></lb>in terra, leuitate licet exiſtente minore: plumbum, in quo mi-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="216" xlink:href="011/01/236.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>nus est aeris, & plus aquæ, ac terræ <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> in ligno tardius per <lb></lb>medium aerem præceps ruat, & in aqua altum profundam <lb></lb>proprio nixu, ſuaque ſponte mergatur, in quam lignum, vel <lb></lb>etiam ſumma cum violentia proiectum, nullo impulſu quan<lb></lb>tum vis magno, nullaque alia violentia ratione mergi potest.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001502"><emph type="italics"></emph>Cauſa, quæ <expan abbr="Themistiũ">Themistium</expan> in hunc <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> paruum <expan abbr="errorẽ">errorem</expan> adegit <lb></lb>(vt ratus eſt Auerroes in loco quem paullo ante attulimus) <lb></lb>eſt, quod cum comparari inter ſe, & cum vltro citroque viciſ<lb></lb>ſim conferri, grauia dupliciter valeant, vel ſecundum acci<lb></lb>dens, id est ſecundum aut maiorem, aut minorem quantita<lb></lb>tem, vt grande lignum paruo est plumbo ponderoſius, vel ſe<lb></lb>cundum grauitatis, & leuitatis naturam in altero aut ma<lb></lb>gis, aut minus exuperantem, vt plumbum ſimpliciter ligno <lb></lb>ſimpliciter eſt ſimpliciter grauius. </s> <s id="s.001503">Id quod rerum naturam <lb></lb>conſequitur magis abditum est, noſtrosque ſenſus magis fu<lb></lb>git eoſdem magis latet, id quod est ſecundum accidens ſenſi<lb></lb>bus noſtris eſt magis expoſitum, quod ſenſus rem medullitus <lb></lb>non introſpiciant, sed rerum cortices tantum attingant, vt <lb></lb>memoratum est ſecundo de anima particula ſexageſimater<lb></lb>tia, ideo minus latet, minuſque <expan abbr="noſtrã">noſtram</expan> cognitionem fugit, quod <lb></lb>ſenſibus obiicitur, quam quod intellectu concipitur. </s> <s id="s.001504">Themi<lb></lb>ſtius derelicta cauſa per ſe magis abdita, ad cauſam per ac<lb></lb>cidens minuſque latentem confugit, eidemque id primo aſcri<lb></lb>pſit; quod ſecundo aſeribendum erat. </s> <s id="s.001505">Non ergo hallucinatus <lb></lb>eſt Themiſtius, quod falſum dixerit, sed quod illius maximo, <lb></lb>immo omni ratione habita, quod loco omnium poſtremò erat <lb></lb>habendum, id omnino neglexerit, quod plurimi fieri par erat: <lb></lb>impegit ergo in eam fallaciam; quæ non cauſa pro cauſa dici<lb></lb>tur, quod eam, quæ non eſt cauſa perindeac ſi ſit cauſa portet. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001506">Hæc Themiſtius contra Ariſtotelem, & hæc Auerroes, con<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="217" xlink:href="011/01/237.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tra Themiſtium ſcripſit. </s> <s id="s.001507">Nunc ad Ariſtotelem redeundi nos <lb></lb>necessitas vrget.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001508">Ex doctrina Ariſtotelis exitus quæſtionis illius <lb></lb>explicatur, quæ capite ſexto extiterat. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001509">Caput VIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001510">I<emph type="italics"></emph>n hæc poſtquam diuertimus, doctrinæ ordo nos admonet, <lb></lb>vt ad Ariſtotelem reuertamur, & propoſitam quæstio<lb></lb>nem diluamus; ex eo potissimum, quod Aristoteles, & <lb></lb>Auerroes ſcripſerunt præſertim tertio cæli particula vigeſi<lb></lb>maoctaua, & quarto de cælo particula vigeſimanona, & tri<lb></lb>geſima vbique manifestè, aerem eſſe ad vtrumque motum, <lb></lb>id eſt naturalem, ac violentum idoneum; vt ſupra memoraui<lb></lb>mus: quod ſi in proprio loco aer leuitatem nullam haberet, id <lb></lb>quod leue eſt in ſublime nulla ratione ferret, & ſi in <expan abbr="eodẽ">eodem</expan> pro<lb></lb>prij loci aere nulla eſſet grauitas, <expan abbr="nequaquã">nequaquam</expan> ignis, qui leuis eſt, <lb></lb>deorſum præmeretur: nam quæ grauia non ſunt, nullo modo <lb></lb><expan abbr="præmũt">præmunt</expan>; ideo ab aere in ſuo proprio naturalique loco <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan> graui, <lb></lb>tum leui vterque tum naturalis, tum violentus motus iuua<lb></lb>tur: violentus quidem; quia, quæ violentia mouentur, non <lb></lb>tantum per aerem, sed etiam ab aere mouentur, ab eodem<lb></lb>que feruntur, partibus quidem quæ ante ſunt, mobili viam <lb></lb>quodammodo aperientibus, & anterioris aeris vndas propel<lb></lb>lentibus: illis verò quæ circum ſunt, & àtergo per <expan abbr="ſuccessionẽ">ſuccessionem</expan> <lb></lb>addenſatis, & vna poſt aliam rarefactis, ac violentiam paſſa <lb></lb>vehentibus; non aliter, ac per vndam celeriter autem impetu <lb></lb>que multo; quoniam celeris est, & impetum infert rarefactio <lb></lb>quæ tunc in aere fit à principio ſegnior eſt motus propter reſi<lb></lb>stentiam totius aeris, non dum in motu poſiti, mox factis orbi-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="218" xlink:href="011/01/238.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>bus multis, & ſeſe iam aere extendente, velocitas longè magis <lb></lb>augetur: donec quæ fieri poteſt ſumma fiat; ad quam cum <lb></lb>peruentum eſt, imminuitur ſenſim deinde motus, aere, qui an<lb></lb>te eſt plurimum rarefacto, & iam condenſatione continenter <lb></lb>magis, ac magis deſinente; imminui aque reſistentia tandem <lb></lb>laxantur, atque omnino ſoluuntur orbes, vnde & vectio de<lb></lb>mum ceſſat, qua ratione motus violentus ab aere iuuatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001511"><emph type="italics"></emph>Iam verò naturalem etiam motum ab aere iuuari perſpi<lb></lb>cuum est; prius enim aer moto corpori cedit, a quo præmitur: <lb></lb>postea rem motam perſequens, eam leuiter impellit. </s> <s id="s.001512">Vtrum <lb></lb>que ergo motum iuuat & mobile vtrumque, dum mouetur, <lb></lb>medius aer pellit; vt patet: fert enim ſurſum corpora leuia, <lb></lb>& grauia deorſurn, dum natura cientur: in motu violento, <lb></lb>quo leuia deorſum premuntur, grauia ſurſum citantur, vtrun<lb></lb>que corpus motum aer pari ratione portat, & vtriuſ que corpo<lb></lb>ris motionem tum natura, tum violentia pari ratione iuuat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001513"><emph type="italics"></emph>In motu violento tres ſunt motus: vnus naturalis, & duo <lb></lb>violenti: primus motus violentus est motus mobilis, quodcum<lb></lb>que ſit illud, quod mouetur. </s> <s id="s.001514">Secundus est motus antecedentis <lb></lb>aeris, qui violentia ſcinditur: hi duo motus ab extrinſeco mo<lb></lb>tore fiunt, cui mobile nullam vim confert: ex libro tertio Ethi<lb></lb>corum: motus verò naturalis eſt motus aeris, qui ne vacuum <lb></lb>detur, ſic ab vniuerſi natura horrente vacuum comparatus <lb></lb>eſt, vt mobilis terga ſequatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001515"><emph type="italics"></emph>His adde quæ Ariſtoteles, & Auerroes memoriæ prodi<lb></lb>derunt libro quarto de cælo particula vndetrigeſima. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001516">Si ea elementa (inquit Ariſtoteles) quæ aeri ſubiacent. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001517">vt aqua, & terra fortè ſubtrahantur; aqua in locum ter<lb></lb>ræ, aer in locum aquæ deorſum ruet: at ſi ignis, qui eſt aere <lb></lb>ſuperior, vel in locum cæli, vel alio transferatur, aer in <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="219" xlink:href="011/01/239.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="ſupremã">ſupremam</expan> huius inferioris orbis oram naturaliter non aſcende<lb></lb>ret, sed violentiam paſſus, nec aqua ſurſum in aeris locum mi<lb></lb>graret, sed tantum ſi violentia attracta fuiſſet, quod in arti<lb></lb>ficum symphonibus, nonnumquam fieri videmus, in quibus ae<lb></lb>ris impetu aqua ſurſum rapitur. </s> <s id="s.001518">Aqua autem detracta, ter <lb></lb>ra in ſublime non fertur: propterea quod terra in ſuo natu<lb></lb>rali, ac proprio loco nullius leuitatis est particeps. </s> <s id="s.001519">Duo media <lb></lb>elementa facilius deorſum, quam ſurſum feruntur, ſi inferio<lb></lb>ra, & ſuperiora auferantur, quod grauitatis plus habeant <lb></lb>quam leuitatis: immo, vt viſus est aliquando dixiſſe Simpli<lb></lb>cius, grauia tantum nullo autem modo leuia ſint. </s> <s id="s.001520">Verum eſt <lb></lb>ergo, quod diximus: aeri & aquæ plus ponderis, quam leui<lb></lb>tatis ineſſe. </s> <s id="s.001521">Hæc ex Aristoteleo conteſtu paraphrasticè ſcri<lb></lb>pſimus, nunc ad Auerroem deſcendimus, qui nonnulla argu<lb></lb>menta his addit, quibus aeri, & aquæ plus grauitatis, quam <lb></lb>leuitatis ineſſe oſtendit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001522"><emph type="italics"></emph>Si aer (inquit Auerroes) eſt <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> leuis, res, quæ ex igni, <lb></lb>& aere conflantur, deſcendere nulla ratione poſſent, quod ex <lb></lb>impressionum ignearum, quæ deorſum feruntur, deſcenſu fal<lb></lb>ſum eſſe videmus; vt ſunt trabes, faces accenſæ, capræ ſaltan<lb></lb>tes, stellæ cadentes, & cæteræ metheorologicæ impressiones <lb></lb>ad igneam naturam pertinentes; non enim propter ignem ſua<lb></lb>pte natura leuissimum, deſcendunt, ergo propter aerem: ergo <lb></lb>in aere nonnulla grauitas viget: immo grauitas maior, quam <lb></lb>leuitas: quando hæc non ſurſum propter leuitatem, sed deor<lb></lb>ſum propter grauitatem cientur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001523"><emph type="italics"></emph>Spiritus etiam animalis ab exuperante elemento aereus, ſi <lb></lb>aer grauis ſuapte natura non eſſet, ad corporis inferiora <expan abbr="mẽ-bra">mem<lb></lb>bra</expan> nutrienda non deſcenderet: at deſcendit: ergo non ter<lb></lb>ræ grauitate, quæ in ſpiritu animali non exuperat, sed aeris <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="220" xlink:href="011/01/240.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>exuperantis grauitate eſt grauis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001524"><emph type="italics"></emph>Præterea propter humiditatem grauitas ineſt aeri, vt le<lb></lb>uitas, propter caliditatem eidem ineſſe creditur. </s> <s id="s.001525">Atqui aeris <lb></lb>humiditas maior est eiuſdem caliditate libro ſecundo de gene<lb></lb>ratione particula vigeſimatertia, & quarto metheorologico<lb></lb>rum particula vigeſima: ergo aeris grauitas eſt eiuſdem leui<lb></lb>tate maior.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001526"><emph type="italics"></emph>In contrariam partem hoc efficacissimum argumentum <lb></lb>potest adduci, quod plurima fieri ea ratione debet, quia ma<lb></lb>ximum habet robur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001527"><emph type="italics"></emph>Si aer eſt magis grauis, quam leuis, quia aeris humiditas <lb></lb>est eiuſdem caliditate maior; aqua erit omnium <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> <lb></lb>grauissima, quia in aqua eſt humiditas, quæ grauitatis eſt cau<lb></lb>ſa, & eſt à ſumma frigiditate aucta, quæ eſt cauſa ſummæ <lb></lb>grauitatis: quod probatur ſumma caliditas in igne ſummæ le<lb></lb>uitatis est cauſa: ergo ſumma frigiditas in aqua eſt ſummæ <lb></lb>grauitatis cauſa: per locum ab oppoſitis; eſt igitur aqua du<lb></lb>plici grauitatis cauſa grauissima, & ſummæ frigiditatis, & <lb></lb>remiſſæ humiditatis: terra autem vnam tantum cauſam ha<lb></lb>bet grauitatis, nec eamdem ſummam nempè frigiditatem. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001528">Ariditas enim in terra grauitatis cauſa eſſe nequit, quia in <lb></lb>igni eadem ariditas eiuſdem grauitatis cauſa eſſet, at <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> est, <lb></lb>quia leuissimus eſt ignis, quæ omnia ſunt tam abſurda, quam <lb></lb>abſurdissima. </s> <s id="s.001529">Argumentum ductum eſt assimili. </s> <s id="s.001530">Dixerat <lb></lb>Auerroes commentatione vndetrigeſima aeris humiditatem <lb></lb>eſſe eiuſdem caliditate maiorem; ideo aeris grauitatem eſſe <lb></lb>eiuſdem leuitate maiorem. </s> <s id="s.001531">Grauitas igitur, & leuitas propter <lb></lb>primas qualitates elementis tribuuntur: at frigiditas graui<lb></lb>tatem præstat: ergo maior frigiditas maiorem grauitatem, <lb></lb>& maxima frigiditas maximam grauitatem præstabit per <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="221" xlink:href="011/01/241.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>regulam topicam: ſicut ſimpliciter ad ſimpliciter, ita magis <lb></lb>ad magis, & maxime ad maxime. </s> <s id="s.001532"><expan abbr="Verũ">Verum</expan> ſumma eſt in aqua <lb></lb>frigiditas, ergo ſumma est in aqua grauitas, hanc ſummam <lb></lb>grauitatem humiditas auget, quæ cum in aere cauſa ſit gra<lb></lb>uitatis, in aqua eiuſdem grauitas futura est cauſa: aqua igi<lb></lb>tur geminam grauitatis cauſam habet; verum terra vnatan <lb></lb>tum: mirandum ergo non erit, ſi aquam terra grauiorem di<lb></lb>ximus, quod eſt tam falſum, quam falſissimum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001533"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo, ſed prius pono tria. </s> <s id="s.001534">primum est, elementorum <lb></lb>grauitates, & leuitates inter ſe ſpecie differunt, vt ſcripſit <lb></lb>Auerroes libro tertio de cælo commentatione octaua, quod <lb></lb>probatur, quia terræ grauitas, & leuitas ſunt abſolutæ, & <lb></lb>grauitas, & leuitas aeris, & aquæ ſunt comparatæ; & abſo<lb></lb>lutum, & quod cum alio confertur non tantum ſpecie, verum <lb></lb>etiam genere differunt, & quia <expan abbr="elemẽtorum">elementorum</expan> omnium motus, <lb></lb>qui à grauitate & leuitate fiunt, ſpecie diſcrepant: ergo & <lb></lb>grauitates, & leuitates à quibus <expan abbr="eorũdem">eorundem</expan> motus naſcuntur, <lb></lb>ſpecie diſcrepabunt: & quia aeris in aquam, aut alterius cu<lb></lb>iuſuis elementi in aliud quoduis conſimilis grauitatis, aut le<lb></lb>uitatis mutatio, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> generatio, sed ſola alteratio eſſet: non enim <lb></lb>totum, quod interit in totum, quod naſcitur nulla ſuperſiſtere <lb></lb>quæ ſentiri possit mutatur: ſi vtriuſque grauitates, & leuita<lb></lb>tes ſunt eiuſdem ſpeciei, conſeruatur quidem in vtraque vtriuſ<lb></lb>que eiuſdem ſpeciei grauitas, & leuitas; cum nulla generatio<lb></lb>ne indigeant, quæ iam genitæ ſunt conſimiles grauitates, & <lb></lb>leuitates, ſi eædem ſpecie ſunt, neque in primam vſque mate<lb></lb>riam generatio diſſolueretur; ſi grauitas; & leuitas eiuſdem <lb></lb>ſpeciei in vtroque elemento remaneret: immo & eiuſdem ele<lb></lb>menti grauitates, & leuitates à ſe ipſis ſpecie differunt: cum <lb></lb>elementum ſeu graue, ſeu leue eſt in ſuo proprio naturali loco <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="222" xlink:href="011/01/242.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>& extra eumdem, quod <expan abbr="Themistiũ">Themistium</expan> latuiſſe auctor eſt Auer <lb></lb>roes quarto cæli <expan abbr="cõmentatione">commentatione</expan> vndetrigeſima, & in eiuſdem <lb></lb>loci paraphraſi, & commentatione vndetrigeſima. </s> <s id="s.001535">Quin <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>elementorum, atque mixtorum leuitates, & grauitates ſpecie <lb></lb><expan abbr="differũt">differunt</expan>, quod videre eſt in parua mixti plumbi portione, quæ <lb></lb>eſt magna ſimplicis terræ portione grauior, ſpecie amplius dif<lb></lb>ferunt mixtorum leuitates, & pondera inter ſe, vt aeri & <lb></lb>ferri pondus vtrumque corpus graue est: atqui paruum au<lb></lb>ri frustulum eſt magna ferri portione grauius: has omnes le<lb></lb>uitates, & grauitates ſpecie differre (vti diximus) à ratione <lb></lb>alienum non eſt, quia grauitatem, & leuitatem formarum <lb></lb>loco vſurpamus, quod elementorum formis maiores noſtri no<lb></lb>mina non poſuerint, & quia motionum differentiæ ex diffe<lb></lb>rentibus formis naſcuntur; quæ cum elementorum in propriis <lb></lb>locis & extra propria loca inter ſe, & mixtorum inter ſe, & <lb></lb>cum elementis tum infra, tum extra propria loca ſpecie ſint <lb></lb>diuerſæ, mirandum non erit, ſi elementorum inter ſe tum in <lb></lb>propriis, tum etiam in alienis locis, & mixtorum ab elemen<lb></lb>tis, & inter ſe grauitates, & leuitates ſpecie ſint omnino diuer<lb></lb>ſæ: nam differentiæ, quæ à formis naſcuntur, ſpecierum diffe<lb></lb>rentiæ nuncupantur. </s> <s id="s.001536">Alexander Aphrodiſienſis libro pri<lb></lb>mo quæstionum naturalium capite ſexto non grauitati, & le <lb></lb>uitati tantum, sed etiam quatuor primis elementorum quali<lb></lb>tatibus, quas eorumdem formas eſſe cenſuit, has ſpecie diffe<lb></lb>rentias aſcribere videtur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001537"><emph type="italics"></emph>Altera hyppotheſis eſt. </s> <s id="s.001538">Grauitas, & leuitas ex primis ele<lb></lb>mentorum qualitatibus non naſcuntur, sed aut ex maxima, <lb></lb>aut ex minima distantia à motu primi mobilis, vt ſcriptum <lb></lb>eſt libro ſecundo de cælo particula nonageſimaquarta & par<lb></lb>ticula nonageſimaſecunda, & in libro deſtructionum contra<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="223" xlink:href="011/01/243.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>Algazelem quæſtione prima ſolutione vndecimi dubij, Ei, qui <lb></lb>diſtantiam relationem eſſe affirmauerit, quæ propterea nul<lb></lb>lius abſoluti cauſa eſſe possit, reſpondebimus, diſtantiam duo<lb></lb>bus modis conſiderari: primo prout relationem ſignificat; ſic <lb></lb>grauitatem abſolutam non facit: ſecundo pro re, & loco di<lb></lb>ſtanti, quod eſt relationis, aut terminus, aut fundamentum, <lb></lb>ſic est abſoluta, & abſolutam grauitatem facere poteſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001539"><emph type="italics"></emph>Tertia hyppotheſis est. </s> <s id="s.001540">Argumentum quod Auerroes <lb></lb>ad maiorem aeris grauitatem, quam leuitatem confirman<lb></lb>dam adducit, non eſt demonſtratiuum, sed à ſigno ſumptum, <lb></lb>vel ipſo etiam Auerroe eodem in loco teſte.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001541"><emph type="italics"></emph>His hyppotheſibus constitutis, reſpondeo. </s> <s id="s.001542">Aeris grauitas ab <lb></lb>aquæ grauitate ſpecie difert, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> à primis qualitatibus, sed <lb></lb>ab alia cauſa naſcitur; nam ſumma distantia à motu primi <lb></lb>mobilis dat terræ ſummam grauitatem, & minor diſtantia <lb></lb>aquæ minorem grauitatem præſtat, hanc primæ qualitates <lb></lb>non parturiunt, sed tantum iuuant, & potius ſigna ſunt & no <lb></lb>tæ eamdem indicantes, quam cauſæ facientes; hæc ad argu<lb></lb>menti materiam, nunc ad illius formam reſpondendum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001543"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad argumenti formam conſequentia prima est inficien<lb></lb>da, non enim ſequitur, Aqua eſt frigidissima, & cum ſum<lb></lb>ma frigiditate humiditatem coniunctam habet: ergo est gra<lb></lb>uissima. </s> <s id="s.001544">Ad probationem cum dicebatur; In aqua duæ <lb></lb>ſunt grauitatis cauſæ frigiditas certè ſumma, & humiditas: <lb></lb>ergo & aquæ grauitas eſt maior, inficiendum est antecedens, <lb></lb>quia falſum eſt frigiditatem, & humiditatem grauitatis cau<lb></lb>ſas eſſe; hæ qualitates tantum ſunt notæ, quæ grauitatem, & <lb></lb>leuitatem indicant, & cauſæ eaſdem iuuantes, ac ſigna eaſ<lb></lb>dem indicantes, & non cauſæ facientes: grauitas, & leuitas <lb></lb>ex maiore, aut minore à motu primi mobilis diſtantia naſci-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="224" xlink:href="011/01/244.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tur, vt ſupra vidimus. </s> <s id="s.001545">Argumentum igitur eſt captioſum, <lb></lb>& fallax, & ea captio, atque fallacia committitur, quæ non <lb></lb>cauſa pro cauſa in elencis ab Aristotele nuncupatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001546">Quare Medicorum cucurbitulæ aquam, & car<lb></lb>nem, non autem terram ſurſum trahant. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001547">Caput IX.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001548">H<emph type="italics"></emph>oc loco dissimulandum non eſt, quod medicorum cu<lb></lb>curbitulæ, aut aquæ, aut carni admotæ tam aquam, <lb></lb>quam carnem attrahant: ita vt aqua, & caro ſua<lb></lb>pte natura graues ſurſum aſcendant, terram autem ſurſum <lb></lb>non trahant: id qua nam ratione accidat, quærere ab re for<lb></lb>taſſe non erit, & à nostro instituto non admodum alienum: <lb></lb>cum ſupra ſit dictum, aerem <expan abbr="violentiã">violentiam</expan> paſſum in locum ignis <lb></lb>aſcendere, ſi ignis extruſus extra ſuum locum collocetur, & <lb></lb>aquam in locum aeris aere detracto contendere: terram ve<lb></lb>rò ſurſum non ferri, ſi aqua ex ſuo loco mouetur. </s> <s id="s.001549">Quærimus <lb></lb>itaque: cur aqua & caro, quibus medicorum cucurbitulæ <lb></lb>applicantur in eaſdem aſcendat, in quas terra non aſcendit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001550"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo ex Aristotele quarto cæli particula vndetri<lb></lb>geſima, quoniam terra non vnam cum aqua ſuperficiem ha<lb></lb>bet, neque terræ corpus, perindeac aquæ, & aeris corpus molle <lb></lb>eſt; vt cum aliis mollibus corporibus corpus vnum quaſi con<lb></lb>tinuum euadat, sed arida terra eſt, ariditatis autem qualitas <lb></lb>impedimento est terræ, quo minus cum cæteris elementis ita <lb></lb>coniungatur, vt quaſi vna eorumdem ſuperficies fiat; porrò <lb></lb>æeris corpus molle eſt, & humidum, quo fit, vt cum aliis non<lb></lb>nullis mollibus corporibus facilè <expan abbr="iungãtur">iungantur</expan>, eorumdemque vna <lb></lb>quaſi ſuperficies coaleſcat, hac de re medicorum cucurbitulæ <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="225" xlink:href="011/01/245.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>aerem, & non terram ſurſum trahunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001551"><emph type="italics"></emph>De aqua maior controuerſia eſt, nec Ariſtotelis expoſito<lb></lb>res, iidemque notæ non vulgaris conſentiunt. </s> <s id="s.001552">Alexander <lb></lb>Aphrodiſienſis, cui inter priſcos Ariſtotelis interpretes pri<lb></lb>mæ vno omnium conſenſu tribuuntur, duas cauſas cogitauit, <lb></lb>quarum prior ea eſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001553"><emph type="italics"></emph>Cucurbitularum ignis earumdem aerem in ſui naturam <lb></lb>conuertit, aer excalefactus ab aqua frigida, cui cucurbitulæ <lb></lb>applicantur, alteratur: porrò frigidum condenſat; ideo ne<lb></lb>ceſſe eſt, vt aer denſetur, denſatus minorem locum occupat, <lb></lb>& ſpacium derelinquit, quod ne vacuum exiſtat, aqua ſur<lb></lb>ſum aſcendit, & locum ab aere derelictum implet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001554"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hanc rationem Themiſtius fallacem eſſe iudicat, propte<lb></lb>rea quod cucurbitulæ non tantum frigidam, ſed & calidam <lb></lb>aquam trahunt, à qua aer tum natura, tum etiam accidente <lb></lb>calidus frigidus fieri non valet, illis, quæ à Themiſtio in Ale<lb></lb>xandrum dicuntur, Auerroes addit: cucurbitulas attrahere <lb></lb>carnem ſuapte natura calidam, à qua aer calidus fieri non <lb></lb>poteſt: deceptus est ergo Alexander.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001555"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo reſpondet Alexander: calidum attrahit: aer in <lb></lb>cucurbitulis est calidus: ergo ſubiacentem aquam attrahit: <lb></lb>hæc attracta attrahentem aerem impellit, qui aer attractio<lb></lb>nis, & impulſionis duplici motu cietur, & violentia aquæ irre<lb></lb>pellentis violentiam aeris attrahentis longè ſuperat: quapro<lb></lb>pter neceſſe est, vt cucurbitularum aer ab impellente aqua <lb></lb>conſtringatur, ita vt locum minorem posterius teneat; quam <lb></lb>prius tenuerit, quo locus minor, ne vacuus derelinquatur fit <lb></lb>vt aqua eo aſcendat, & ſpacium illud impleat ne locus in na<lb></lb>tura detur inanis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001556"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hanc ſecundum Alexandri ſolutionem poſſe labefactari <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="226" xlink:href="011/01/246.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ratus eſt Themiſtius: propterea quod mens non capit, ſenſus <lb></lb>non accipit, animus non concipit, qui fiat, vt idem corpus ad <lb></lb>numerum ab eodem corpore numero ſimul eodemque tempo<lb></lb>re numero trahat, & impellatur; qua de re <expan abbr="falsũ">falsum</expan> eſt id, quod <lb></lb>Alexander dixit, aerem attrahere aquam à qua impellitur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001557">Cui exemplo cucurbitularum carnem <expan abbr="attrahẽtium">attrahentium</expan>, quæ vim <lb></lb>impellendi aerem non habet, contradici etiam potest.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001558"><emph type="italics"></emph>Auerroes acer inueſtigator, & diligens earum rerum, <lb></lb>quæ à natura inuoluuntur, Alexandri ſententia & ſi non <lb></lb>omni aliqua ſaltem ex parte exploſa, & ipſæ ſuam opinionem <lb></lb>producit, quæ, vt facilius intelligatur ſciendum, ſic compara<lb></lb>tum eſſe, vt corpus fluidum non fluat, niſi aliud fluidum cor<lb></lb>pus proximè conſequatur, ne ſi flueret, & nullum aliud cor<lb></lb>pus conſequeretur, ſpacium inane derelinqueretur, à quo na<lb></lb>tura abhorret; vt ſi dolium aut vini, aut aquæ plenum omni <lb></lb>ex parte clauſum in loco inferiore perforaretur, ex dolio nec <lb></lb>vinum, nec aqua per apertum locum egrederetur, quoniam <lb></lb>aliud corpus fluidum manantem liquorem conſequi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſet, <lb></lb>ideo introcluſus liquor immotus staret, & ſpacium illud im<lb></lb>pleret, & ſi dolij os ſupremum aperiretur, per illud aer ingre<lb></lb>diretur, & per partem inferiorem apertam manantem lique <lb></lb>rem conſequeretur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001559"><emph type="italics"></emph>Clepsydræ quin etiam, quæ inferiorem partem latam par <lb></lb>uis quibuſdam foraminibus perforatam habent, vt in ſuperio<lb></lb>re loco perforatum os <expan abbr="anguſtũ">anguſtum</expan> habere conſpiciuntur, in <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan> <lb></lb>demiſſæ ſuperiore ore occluſo non implentur, nec per ea fora<lb></lb>mina, quæ in fundo ſunt, aliquid aquæ ſubire poteſt, quoniam <lb></lb>aer, qui eſt in clepsydra, exitum non habet, niſi os ſupremum <lb></lb>aperiatur, ipſo porrò aperto ore aer egreditur, quem aqua <lb></lb>mox conſequitur, & ab aſcendente aqua aerem conſequente <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="227" xlink:href="011/01/247.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>clepsydræ implentur; quæ ſi clauſo ore ſuperius existente in <lb></lb>aere plenæ ſuſpendantur, ita vt nihil aeris ingredi possit, tum <lb></lb>nihil aquæ e foraminibus inferioribus exire poterit: ne ſi ex va<lb></lb>ſe aqua egrederetur, & aer in illud nullus ingrederetur, vas <lb></lb>inane remaneret, ore aperto aqua ſtatim ſtatim effluere incipit, & <lb></lb>aer deſcendentem aquam ſequitur: ideo tota aqua ex clepsy<lb></lb>dris egreditur, quæ vacuæ præterea non derelinquuntur, sed <lb></lb>plenæ aeris, aquam manentem conſequentis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001560"><emph type="italics"></emph>His conſtitutis, ad Auerroem à quo diſcessimus explanan <lb></lb>dum reuertimur: aer (inquit Auerroes) ab igni calefit, ca<lb></lb>lefactus fit leuis, & in ſuperiorem cucurbitulæ partem ſuapte <lb></lb>natura aſcendit, ac partem cucurbitulæ inferiorem inanem <lb></lb>derelinquit, ad quam implendam tum aqua ſeu frigida, seu <lb></lb>calida tum caro aſcendit, quæ cum ſit corpus graue, non aſcen<lb></lb>deret, & leuem factum aerem ſuperius aſcendentem non con<lb></lb>ſequeretur, ſi aer à cucurbitularum igni excalefactus, & <lb></lb>propterea leuis redditus, non aſcenderet, ſed ibi locorum, vbi <lb></lb>prius extiterat, cum adhuc grauis erat, immotus derelinque<lb></lb>retur, ne ſi aſcenderet, nec aliud corpus aſcendentem aerem <lb></lb>eodem tempore conſequeretur, locus inanis derelinqueretur: <lb></lb>hac ergo ratione ſubiacentem aerem aquam frigidam, & ca<lb></lb>lidam & carnem ignitæ medicorum cucurbitulæ trahunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001561"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secunda cauſa Auerrois eſt prima Alexandri. </s> <s id="s.001562">Aerem <lb></lb>hunc dum attollitur, quæ ſubiacent corpora aer aqua, & ca<lb></lb>ro conſequuntur, & ſpacium implent, quod vacuum derelin<lb></lb>queretur niſi conſequerentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001563"><emph type="italics"></emph>Tertia cauſa Auerrois est ſecunda Alexandri. </s> <s id="s.001564">Corpus <lb></lb>quod ſubiacet aſcendentem, at que trahentem aerem impel<lb></lb>lit, dum ad implendum vacuum magno impetu ſurſum fer<lb></lb>tur, & maiore nixu impellit, quam ſit motus tractus eiuſdem,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="228" xlink:href="011/01/248.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>& corpus impulſum in anguſtum arctat, & locum ab impul<lb></lb>ſo corpore derelictum implet, ne vacuus derelinquatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001565"><emph type="italics"></emph>Cauſæ ergo, quas Auerroes adduxit, ſunt tres. </s> <s id="s.001566">prima est <lb></lb>Auerrois tantum, secunda Auerrois eſt prima Alexandri, <lb></lb>& tertia Auerrois est ſecunda Alexandri. </s> <s id="s.001567">Cauſæ Alexan<lb></lb>dri ab Auerroe veræ nulla ratione cenſentur, niſi Auerrois <lb></lb>cauſa primo loco poſita, ipſa ablata, & Alexandri cauſæ au<lb></lb>feruntur; ipſa poſita Alexandri cauſæ ponuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001568">Quamobrem lata grauium corpora, vt <expan abbr="mineraliũ">mineralium</expan> <lb></lb>quorumdam laminæ aquæ nonnumquam <lb></lb>ſupernatant, minora verò eorum <lb></lb>dum corpuſcula ſummer<lb></lb>gantur. </s> <s id="s.001569">Cap. X.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001570">H<emph type="italics"></emph>oc loco alia quæstio naſcitur, quare laminæ ferreæ, <lb></lb>aut plumbeæ aquæ nonnumquam ſupernatant; acus <lb></lb>vero, & cætera corpuſcula longè minora, & minus <lb></lb>etiam grauia, in aquam statim mergantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001571"><emph type="italics"></emph>Præterea qua de cauſa fieri dicendum est, vt grauium <lb></lb>corporum particulæ aquæ ſupernatent, cum tamen ea ex qui<lb></lb>bus hæc distrahuntur, certum ſit aqua ſummergi?<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001572"><emph type="italics"></emph>It emque tenuissimi pulueres, non ſolum aquæ, sed etiam <lb></lb>aeri <expan abbr="inſideãt">inſideant</expan>? </s> <s id="s.001573">& per medium aerem ſublimes ferantur? </s> <s id="s.001574">cum <lb></lb>tamen totum in puluerem comminuendum priusquam conte<lb></lb>ratur ad inferiorem <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> præceps ruat? </s> <s id="s.001575">vt auri, aut plumbi <lb></lb>puluis aquæ ſupernat are, & per medium aerem volitare cer<lb></lb>nitur, auri vero, vt plumbi fruſtum non dum contritum in ſu<lb></lb>periore loco ſtare neſcit, sed in inferiorem partem deſcendit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001576"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtoteles libro quarto de cælo particulæ quadrageſima<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="229" xlink:href="011/01/249.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>prima has omnes quæstiones mouet, atque exploſa prius ſen<lb></lb>tentia Democriti, tum cæterorum philosophorum, qui illius <lb></lb>dogmata probant, suam propriam solutionem magis consen<lb></lb>taneam posterius adducit, & duo de illius sententia poni<lb></lb>mus, quorum alterum illud eſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001577"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex continuis corporibus quædam quibus dam diuidi faci<lb></lb>lius poſſunt, vt aqua, & aer liquida corpora naturam eam <lb></lb>habent, vt facilè diuidantur; aer quoniam magis liquidus est <lb></lb>quam aqua, & aqua quam terra longè facilius diuiditur, <lb></lb>quod minus eſt, in vno quoque genere minore cum negocio ſcin<lb></lb>ditur; vt minor portio aeris, quam maior, & modica aqua, <lb></lb>quam immenſa facilius dissipatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001578"><emph type="italics"></emph>Alterum vero quod ex Ariſtotele ponimus, illud eſt, eam <lb></lb>dem differentiam <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſſe eorum, quæ vim ſecandi habent, alia <lb></lb>enim vi ſecandi maiore, alia minore ſunt à natura donata, vt <lb></lb>quæ aucta ſunt cuſpide, & quæ in mucronem egrediuntur, <lb></lb>promptius diuidunt, quæ verò oblonga, & plana, aut qua<lb></lb>drata ſunt corpora minore cum efficacia, & maiore cum dif<lb></lb>ficultate ſcindunt: quod priora rei diuidendæ minus, posterio<lb></lb>ra verò magis occupent, multa enim ſubſtantia rei diuidendæ <lb></lb>egrius ſcinditur, quam pauca ſcindatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001579"><emph type="italics"></emph>His poſitis ad quæſita reſpondemus, quæ lata ſunt corpora, <lb></lb>quia multum amplectuntur, ab inferiore corpore ſcindendo <lb></lb>ſustinentur, quod <expan abbr="multũ">multum</expan> diuidendi corporis non facilè diſper<lb></lb>gatur. </s> <s id="s.001580">Quæ anguſta ſunt corpora ea, quia paulum compre<lb></lb>hendunt facilè diuidunt, & diuiſum eo modo penetrant, quo <lb></lb>corporum penetratio datur, ideo in fundum deorſum ferun<lb></lb>tur; id quod in aqua accidere videmus, in aere id facilius acci<lb></lb>dit, quod facilius <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> aer aqua diſrumpitur, quoniam corpus <lb></lb>ponderoſum vim quandam innatam habet, à qua deorſum im<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="230" xlink:href="011/01/250.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>petu ſuo feratur, & qua ſubiacentia corpora diſrumpat, & <lb></lb>quæ ſubiacent corpora <expan abbr="quãquam">quanquam</expan> diuidua aliquando ſunt, ta<lb></lb>men reſistunt, & contranituntur, ne dissipentur, ſi ergo vis <lb></lb>ponderis diuidentis ſuperior fuerit, id quod ſubſternitur conti<lb></lb>nuatum corpus facilè diuidetur: ſcindens logè celerius deor<lb></lb>ſum præcipitabitur, ſi vero imbecillior fuerit grauis, & ſcin<lb></lb>den: is corporis ad ſcindendum facultas maiore nixu ab infe<lb></lb>riore corpore ſcindendo ſuſtinebitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001581"><emph type="italics"></emph>Itaque ferreæ, & plumbeæ laminæ, vt ad eas <expan abbr="tãdem">tandem</expan> reuer<lb></lb>tamur à quibus diuertimus, ſupernatant; quia maiore nixu <lb></lb>illis ab aqua reſistitur, quam minoribus, & leuioribus corpu<lb></lb>ſculis in acutam ſuſpidem egressis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001582"><emph type="italics"></emph>Propter eamdem cauſam ſupernatant tenuissimi auri, & <lb></lb>plumbi pulueres, quia imbecilla eſt in illis ſcindendi potestas; <lb></lb>auri magnum frustulum ſcindit facilius, & eam ob cauſam <lb></lb>velocius deſcendit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001583"><emph type="italics"></emph>Pulueres item in aere ſuſpenſi non deſcendunt, quia aerem <lb></lb>non ſcindunt, quem maiora corpora frangunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001584"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hæc motuum & ſtatuum differentiæ non corporum natu <lb></lb>ris per ſe, sed eorumdem figuris per accidens tribuuntur ab <lb></lb>Ariſtotele libro quarto de cælo particula quadrageſimapri<lb></lb>ma.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001585"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nunc ad aerem ipſum reuertimur: quem ſuo in loco gra<lb></lb>uem eſſe diximus, immo magis grauem, quam leuem, quan<lb></lb>do corpora grauia deorſum velocius, quam leuia surſum fert, <lb></lb>vt Simplicium miſſum faciamus, qui eumdem tantum gra<lb></lb>uem eſſe, non autem leuem, affirmare videtur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001586"><emph type="italics"></emph>Figuræ ergo ad quas horum <expan abbr="motuũ">motuum</expan> in ſimplicibus elemen<lb></lb>tis cauſam Plato rettulit, omnino non efficiunt, vt quicquam <lb></lb>ſursum aut deorſum feratur, sed aut celerius aut tardius<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: <pb pagenum="231" xlink:href="011/01/251.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>cauſæ ſunt quidem sed non motus alicuius, verum aut maioris <lb></lb>aut minoris velocitatis, & tarditatis in motu, quæ enim lata <lb></lb>ſunt, quia multum amplectuntur, non ſemper ſed diutius ſuſti<lb></lb>nentur, quia non facilè nec cito, sed ægrè ac tardè quod ſubie<lb></lb>ctum est tandem diſrumpunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001587">Exitus nouæ quæſtionis explicatur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001588">Caput XI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001589">E<emph type="italics"></emph>x quibus nouæ quæſtiones intrego naſcuntur: ſi aer, & <lb></lb>aqua sunt in proprio loco graues, cur nos tantum pon<lb></lb>deris non ſentimus, quantum illud eſt, quod nostra capi<lb></lb>ta præmit? </s> <s id="s.001590">cur aues per <expan abbr="mediũ">medium</expan> aerem volantes ab aeris gra<lb></lb>ui pondere non <expan abbr="cõprimuntur">comprimuntur</expan>? </s> <s id="s.001591">Cur ab eo compreſſæ, aut deor<lb></lb>ſum non truduntur, aut non ſuffocantur? </s> <s id="s.001592">Cur piſces per ocea<lb></lb>num natantes, & <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> profundas oceani partes petentes nec <lb></lb>hilum quidem ponderis, & grauissimi sentiunt? </s> <s id="s.001593">Si ergo gra<lb></lb>uis eſt aqua, ſi grauis est aer, quomodo effugiemus; quin illo<lb></lb>rum pondus sentiamus? </s> <s id="s.001594">ſi verò hæc duo elementa nec grauia <lb></lb>ſunt, nec leuia in ſuis locis, quomodo effugiet Ariſtoteles, quin <lb></lb>ipſæ pugnantia dicat?<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001595"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo hanc vnam ob rem nos ab aeris pondere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> præ<lb></lb>mimur, à quo nec aues volantes, nec piſces natantes ab aqua <lb></lb>premuntur, quia nec aer, nec aqua verè graue corpus est, aut <lb></lb>verè leue in ſuo proprio, naturalique loco: licet, & graue, & <lb></lb>leue <expan abbr="vtrũque">vtrunque</expan> elementum dicatur, quatenus <expan abbr="grauiũ">grauium</expan> & leuium <lb></lb>motum iuuant, & quatenus grauia, & leuia corpora ſurſum, <lb></lb>& deorſum <expan abbr="portãt">portant</expan>, & ſunt hæc duo elementa magis grauia, <lb></lb>quam leuia, quia grauia maiore cum efficacia deorſum, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>leuia ſursum ferunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="232" xlink:href="011/01/252.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001596"><emph type="italics"></emph>Simplicius libro quarto de cælo particula trigeſima dixit <lb></lb>vtrumque corpus eſſe continuum, ideo partem a parte ſuſtine, <lb></lb>ri, & propter eam causam pondus non ſentiri, vt animalia in <lb></lb>parietum foraminibus latitantia, à parietum graui pondere <lb></lb>non præmuntur, quia vndique murus ſemetipsum ſustentat, <lb></lb>quæ an vera ſint alibi diſputauimus, ea quæ nos attulimus, ve<lb></lb>rissima eſſe arbitramur, ideo Simplicium prudentes præteri<lb></lb>mus, & à parte Auerrois ſtamus, à quo hanc noſtram ſenten<lb></lb>tiam mutuati ſumus. </s> <s id="s.001597">Est ergo aer, & aqua tum grauis, tum <lb></lb>leuis in ſuo loco naturali non propriè, sed quia vtrumque cor<lb></lb>pus tum graue, tum leue, tum ſursum, tum deorſum portat, <lb></lb>& vtriuſque motum iuuat, ſiue natura, ſiue violentia fiant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001598">Reditus ad exemplum vtris illius, de quo ſupra <lb></lb>capite ſexto diximus. </s> <s id="s.001599">Cap. XII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001600">EAM <emph type="italics"></emph>ob rem vter inflatus (vt ad illum reuertamur, à <lb></lb>quo diſceptatio noſtra senſim effulxit) maioris ponde<lb></lb>ris eſſe solet vtre non inflato, quod aer in vtre inflato in<lb></lb>cluſus ſit grauis, id est vtris grauis motum deorſum iuuet, & <lb></lb>inflatum vtrem deorſum celerius portet, quam ſi non eſſet in<lb></lb>flatus; & eiuſdem motum cit<expan abbr="atiorẽ">atiorem</expan> efficiat, non alia de cauſa, <lb></lb>quam ea ſit, quam hactenus accepistis. </s> <s id="s.001601">Plumbum <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> quod <lb></lb>ferro rarius eſt, ferro eſt grauius in aere propter aeris par<lb></lb>tes, quæ plures in raro plumbo, quam indenſo ferro continen<lb></lb>tur: qua de re Aristoteles agit libro quarto Phyſicorum par<lb></lb>ticula octuageſimaquarta, & octuageſimaquinta, hæc ad ma<lb></lb>teriam.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001602"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad formam argumenti supra adducti cum ex tertio cæ<lb></lb>li particula vigeſimaoctaua, & ex quarto cæli particula tri-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="233" xlink:href="011/01/253.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>geſima dicebatur. </s> <s id="s.001603">Aer vtrumque motum iuuat ſursum, & <lb></lb>deorsum, & vtraque corpora grauia, & leuia in motu violen <lb></lb>to, & naturali portat, & vter inflatus eſt vere inani grauior: <lb></lb>ergo aer in ſuo loco est verè grauis: negatur conſequentia, ſi <lb></lb>de aeris natura intelligatur, & eadem <expan abbr="cõſequentia">conſequentia</expan> datur, ſi <lb></lb>de effectu, qui in grauibus, & leuibus corporibus ſpectatur, <lb></lb>id totum intelligere velimus: item cum dicitur; aer corpora <lb></lb>grauia deorsum fert facilius quam leuia ſursum: ergo ma<lb></lb>gis grauis, quam leuis: inficienda est consequentia, ſi de aeris <lb></lb>natura nec graui, nec leui in ſuo loco naturali audiatur, & <lb></lb>concedenda ſi de affectu aeris; qui efficacius grauia deor<lb></lb>ſum, quam leuia ſursum portat; de aqua dicendum est idem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001604">Quomodo elementorum motus à medio <lb></lb>pendeat. </s> <s id="s.001605">Cap. XIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001606">OSTENDO <emph type="italics"></emph>elementorum motum non pendere à me<lb></lb>dio, præſertim <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> dictum ſit, medium moueri per ſe à <lb></lb>sua forma naturali, post quam à ſimplici corpore gra<lb></lb>ui, & leui motum fuerit: quia tunc sequeretur, corpus ſim<lb></lb>plex in fine, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> in principio tardius moueri, cui aduerſatur <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles primo cæli particula octuageſimanona: conse<lb></lb>quentia probatur. </s> <s id="s.001607">Prima pars aeris moti secundam mouet, <lb></lb>& secunda tertiam, & ſic deinceps: ergo secundum <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> <lb></lb>minus mouet, quam primum & tertium minus quam secun<lb></lb>dum, vt patet in his, quæ proiciuntur: ergo elementa tar dius <lb></lb>in fine, quam in principio mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001608"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo medium impulſum prius natura, & ſi non tem<lb></lb>pore à violento impellente mouetur, & poſterius à sua forma <lb></lb>dum medium (verbi gratia) lapidem in sublime <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> por-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="234" xlink:href="011/01/254.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tat, ideo extrinseco motore primo quiescente adhuc lapis mo<lb></lb>uetur; lapidis motus superiorem mundi plagam versus tum <lb></lb>naturali, tum violenta motui eſt aliqua ex parte ſimilis, aer <lb></lb>enim vt à lapide motus lapidem portat, lapidis motum natu<lb></lb>rali motui nonnulla ex parte ſimilem facit, vt autem motus <lb></lb>eſt contra naturalem lapidis inclinationem, ſic eſt verè violen <lb></lb>ius, vt dixit Auerroes libro tertio de cælo commentatione vi<lb></lb>geſimaoctaua. </s> <s id="s.001609">Ab aere igitur primo impulſo proximus aer <lb></lb>quieſcens impellitur, qui primi mouentis impulſum excipit, & <lb></lb>exceptum tam diu conſeruat, & auget, quam diu potest; po<lb></lb>teſt autem tam diu, quoad mouentis vis, & facultas à medio, <lb></lb>& per medium fertur: porrò cum vis illius, quod primo mo<lb></lb>uet per medium & à medio ferri desiit, motus, qui citatior <lb></lb>fuerat incipit fieri ſegnior, donec mobile tandem quieſcat; me <lb></lb>dium enim impellenti reſiſtit, qua de re tractu temporis mo<lb></lb>tum impellentis magis languidum efficit: iſtæ aer ſecundo im<lb></lb>pulſus à primo ſegnius moueri incipit, quam aer primo impul<lb></lb>ſus moueretur, quod primus aer ab extrinſeco motore vehe<lb></lb>mentius impelleretur, quam istæ primus aer à primo motore <lb></lb>impulſus aerem ſecundum impulerit; qua ratione fit, vt aeris <lb></lb>motus in principio ſit ocior, & poſt principium ſemper ſit ſe<lb></lb>gnior, poſt <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> primi mouentis impetus langueſcere cœperit, <lb></lb>ideo neceſſe est, vt quæ proiiciuntur, tardius in fine, quam in <lb></lb>principio moueantur. </s> <s id="s.001610">Quod ſi extrinſecus mouens ab aere <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>eſſet deiunctum, vt est, sed eſſet semper coniunctum, quod <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>est, semperque immediatè moueret, vt non ſemper mouet, ea<lb></lb>dem ſemper eſſet cauſa motus eiuſdem, & prima pars aeris <lb></lb>primo moti ab extrinſeco motore ſecundam, & ſecunda ter<lb></lb>tiam, & tertia quartam pari velocitate moueret. </s> <s id="s.001611">Vtrum est <lb></lb>igitur illud quo argumentum tendit in motu violento, & non<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="235" xlink:href="011/01/255.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>in motu naturali, in quo mouens dum mouendo medium mo<lb></lb>uetur, maiores vires aſſumit; ideo velocius agit in aerem, & <lb></lb>efficacius eumdem pellit; aer autem velocius motus mobile ve<lb></lb>locius portat, quo fit vt motus istæ naturalis velocior ſit in fi<lb></lb>ne, quam in principio. </s> <s id="s.001612">In his quæ proiiciuntur id non licet; quo<lb></lb>niam motor eſt ab aere diſiunctus. </s> <s id="s.001613">In his que natura mouen<lb></lb>tur, motor eſt coniunctus, ideo illorum motus eſt in fine ſegnior <lb></lb>horum verò citatior: hæc ad materiam.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001614"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad formam argumenti nunc reſpondemus. </s> <s id="s.001615">Cum diceba<lb></lb>tur, medium per ſe à ſua forma naturali mouetur, postquam <lb></lb>à corpore graui, aut leui motum fuerit: ergo tardius in fine, <lb></lb>quam in principio: inficienda est conſequentia ad <expan abbr="probationẽ">probationem</expan>, <lb></lb>neganda est ſimilitudo. </s> <s id="s.001616"><expan abbr="Quãquam">Quanquam</expan> enim proiectorum motus <lb></lb>ocior eſt in principio, quam in fine; quia prima pars aeris pri<lb></lb>mi moti secundam mouet, & ſecunda tertiam, & ſic dein<lb></lb>ceps; & quamquam motus istæ propter motoris distantiam <lb></lb>vires perdit eundo, ideo fit ſegnior, non tamen id motui natu<lb></lb>rali vſu venire poteſt, quia violentus motor à mobili ſit diſiun<lb></lb>ctus, & propter diſtantiam mobili vires <expan abbr="cõmunicare">communicare</expan> nequeat, <lb></lb>quia motor naturalis eſt ſemper mobili coniunctus, ideo mobi<lb></lb>le ſemper mouet, & mouendo maiores vires aſſumit, à quibus <lb></lb>motus in fine fit velocior, nec tantum mobili, sed etiam medio <lb></lb>eſt motor naturalis ſemper coniunctus, ideo mobilis & medij <lb></lb>motum augere poteſt, quoad mobile ad finem peruenerit: mo<lb></lb>tor violentus poſt primum impulſum tum à mobili, tum à me <lb></lb>dio eſt ſuperatum, quam ob cauſam nec mobilis, nec medij mo<lb></lb>tum augere poteſt, sed propter mobilis, & medij <expan abbr="reſiſtentiã">reſiſtentiam</expan>, <lb></lb>& propter motoris diſtantiam neceſſe est laxari motum, & <lb></lb>continuo fieri tardiorem, quoad motus omni ex parte ſolua<lb></lb>tur, & mobile tandem quieſcat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="236" xlink:href="011/01/256.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001617">Quas ob cauſas quod natura mouetur velocius <lb></lb>in fine, quam in principio apud Plato<lb></lb>nem, & Thaletem Mileſium mo<lb></lb>ueatur. </s> <s id="s.001618">Caput XIIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001619">NVNC <emph type="italics"></emph>quærimus: vtrum aliæ ſint cauſæ maioris ve <lb></lb>locitatis in fine motus naturalis, & minoris in prin<lb></lb>cipio.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001620"><emph type="italics"></emph>Platonici id tum vniuerſi, tum elementorum animabus <lb></lb>aſcribunt. </s> <s id="s.001621">Platonis enim ſententia eſt in Phædro: duodecim <lb></lb>animas cum Ioue duce quam felicissimas ſemper incedere ob <lb></lb>id quod totidem ſphæarum corpora Plato poſuerit, videlicet <lb></lb>globos octo cæleſtes, quos in Thimæo, & Epinomide numerat, <lb></lb>& quatuor quæ ſuperſunt elementa, quæ cum præcedentibus <lb></lb>globis cælestibus duo denarium numerum faciunt: hæc duo<lb></lb>decim corpora à duodecim animabus reguntur, quarum prin<lb></lb>cipem Iouem, id eſt mundi animam conſtituit: ex qua ſenten<lb></lb>tia colligunt ab huiuſmodi animabus, non ſolum naturalem <lb></lb>elementorum aſcenſum, at que deſcenſum fieri, sed eumdem <lb></lb>etiam in fine augeri; vniuscuiuſque enim elementi anima <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>libet eiuſdem elementi particulam, vt magnes ferrum ad ſe <lb></lb>ipſam trahit, & à quolibet loco diſtanti. </s> <s id="s.001622">Trahit quoque ad id <lb></lb>anima mundi, quo fit, vt motus lapidis diſcendentis ab alto, <lb></lb>quo propius ad centrum accedit, eo fiat velocior, & flammæ <lb></lb>motus aſcendentis, quo fiat cælo propinquior, eo euadat rapa<lb></lb>cior efficaciore animarum tractu in fine, quam in principio, <lb></lb>& quam quam hic <expan abbr="trahẽdi">trahendi</expan> modus non videtur explodendum, <lb></lb>tamen ab hac <expan abbr="cõtemplatione">contemplatione</expan> Platonici non putant, quemad<lb></lb>modum ſi homines ferri quidem ipſius motum ad magnetem <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="237" xlink:href="011/01/257.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>videntes, magnetem trahentem non viderent, ferrum ex ſe <lb></lb>ipſo moueri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> dicerent, sed à magnete trahente, it a nunc qui <lb></lb>elementorum animas non vident, elementorum particulas à <lb></lb>ſe moueri non credunt; sed ab eorumdem elementorum ani<lb></lb>mabus Platonici, qui eaſdem intellectu concipiunt, tum moue <lb></lb>ri, tum velocius in fine quam in principio agitari affirmant: <lb></lb>ad id anima vniuerſi iuuante motum: eumdemque in fine, <lb></lb>quam in principio citationem efficiente.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001623"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hæc eſt <expan abbr="Platonicorũ">Platonicorum</expan> ſententia, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> Peripatetici refutant; <lb></lb><expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> enim anima à Peripateticis ponitur, cuius nullum eſt cor<lb></lb>pus, vt corpus <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan> eſt animæ vniuerſi. </s> <s id="s.001624">At dices anima mun<lb></lb>di vniuerſi corpus efformat, & mouet, id tamen fieri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſe <lb></lb>ratio ſuadet; <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> vniuerſi corpus vnum continuatum corpus <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſit, sed ex compluribus dissipatis corporibus coaugmentatum <lb></lb>adinuicem non ſolum genere differentibus, sed longè <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ma<lb></lb>gis: quibus corporibus tantopere diſcrepantibus, atque di<lb></lb>ſtantibus vna anima tribui conſentaneum non eſt, quia enim <lb></lb>fieri potest, vt æternum cæli corpus, & ſordidum elementum, <lb></lb>ac putre cadauer ab vna anima mundi regantur? </s> <s id="s.001625">certè id <lb></lb>nulla ratio ſuadet: multò etiam minus vnius animæ mundi <lb></lb>complexu æternæ, atque cæleſtes animæ, & formæ materia<lb></lb>les ortui, interituſque obnoxiæ, immo animæ cælestes, & in <lb></lb>formis materia coercebuntur; quapropter hæc anima mundi <lb></lb>non datur, niſi quis per mundi animam ordinem illum intel<lb></lb>ligat, de quo ſupra egimus: de ſententia Alexandri in ſuis <lb></lb>quæstionibus naturalibus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001626"><emph type="italics"></emph>Verum elementa animata eſſe Thales Mileſius hoc ar<lb></lb>gumento probauit: totum, quod est conſimilium partium, eſt <lb></lb>eiuſdem rationis cum vnaquaque parte, sed aqua est totum <lb></lb><expan abbr="cõſimilium">conſimilium</expan> partium: ergo tota aqua & quælibet eius pars <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="238" xlink:href="011/01/258.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>eſt eiuſdem rationis: at aquæ pars in nobis, & in quolibet ani <lb></lb>mante est animata: ergo & totum aquæ elementum est in <lb></lb>ſe ipſo animatum; idque de cæteris tribus elementis Thales <lb></lb>Mileſius credendum eſſe cenſuit, quod de aqua credidit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001627"><emph type="italics"></emph>Elementorum contra Platonem, & Thaletem nullas eſſe <lb></lb>animas facilè intelliget is, qui animæ definitionem secundo de <lb></lb>anima ab Ariſtotele <expan abbr="diſputatã">diſputatam</expan> ad veritatis trutinam expen<lb></lb>dere voluerit. </s> <s id="s.001628">Eſt, enim anima actus corporis non cuiuſuis sed <lb></lb>instrumentarij, quæ instrumenta non ſunt in elementis: ideo <lb></lb>nullæ erit elementorum anima. </s> <s id="s.001629">Præterea ſi elementa <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan> <lb></lb>habere dicuntur, cur animantia non ſunt? </s> <s id="s.001630">& ſi animantia <lb></lb>non ſunt, cur animam habent? </s> <s id="s.001631">& ſi anima est in elementis, <lb></lb>cur nullæ partium animæ in illis inueniuntur? </s> <s id="s.001632">non vegetandi, <lb></lb>quoniam non augentur, non minuuntur, non aluntur, non ſi<lb></lb>mile gignunt. </s> <s id="s.001633">Non ſentiendi, quia à qualitatibus primis, quæ <lb></lb>ſummæ ſunt in illis, non afficiuntur, quæ ad ſenſum tangendi <lb></lb>pertinent, ſine quo omnium primo nullus alius poſterior eſſe <lb></lb>potest. </s> <s id="s.001634">Non intelligendi, quia elementa eſſent, aut homines, <lb></lb>aut Dij. </s> <s id="s.001635">Non ex loco ad locum mouendi, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> pedibus careant, <lb></lb>& aliis instrumentis, quæ pedum loco animantibus natur a <lb></lb>dedit, ſine quibus animantia ad locum moueri non queunt. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001636">Elementa ergo animata eſſe non poſſunt. </s> <s id="s.001637">Ad argumentum <lb></lb>Thaletis reſpondeo: dicimus, aquam in nobis non eſſe anima<lb></lb>tam, nec alia pars cuiuſuis elementi; quapropter nec totum <lb></lb>elementum animatum erit, sed in nobis animatum eſt id, quod <lb></lb>eſt ex <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <expan abbr="elementorũ">elementorum</expan> mixtione <expan abbr="concretũ">concretum</expan>; hæc ad <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001638"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad formam totum primum argumentum damus, & an<lb></lb>tecedens ſecundi argumenti negamus. </s> <s id="s.001639">Argumentum, quod <lb></lb>Platonici addunt, dum dicunt: hanc animam mundi non vi<lb></lb>deri; nec propter hanc cauſam eſſe negandam, nullius est ro-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="239" xlink:href="011/01/259.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>boris, quia nihil intellectu concipere poſſumus, quin illud ſen<lb></lb>ſu prius cognouerimus, animæ item mundi elementa trahen<lb></lb>tis, & magnetis, quæ ferrum trahit ſimilitudo negatur: nega<lb></lb>ri etiam poteſt, quod dicunt: ſi nulla habita cognitione ma<lb></lb>gnetis ferrum ad magnetem cieri videremus, ferrum ex ſe <lb></lb>ipſo moueri non diceremus, sed à magnete trahente; cuius nul<lb></lb>lam cognitionem haberemus; per inficiationem hoc totum est <lb></lb>diluendum: ferrum enim nec à ſe cum nihil ſemetipſum mo<lb></lb>ueat, sed ab alio motore, quem ignoraremus, moueri pro cer<lb></lb>to ſciremus. </s> <s id="s.001640">Quæ ſi vera ſunt: quis huiuſmodi animabus, quæ <lb></lb>nullibi inueniuntur, aut elementorum motum, aut motus eiuſ <lb></lb>dem maiorem in fine velocitatem aſcripſerit? </s> <s id="s.001641">certè nullus, ni<lb></lb>ſi qui ſenſu communi caruerit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001642"><emph type="italics"></emph>Motus etiam elementorum ad propria loca eſſet violen<lb></lb>tus, ſi traherentur, quoniam violentus eſt motus tractus, vel <lb></lb>ſaltem neuter, & non naturalis, sed methaphoricus, vt est <lb></lb>tractus ferri ad magnetem: nos autem naturalis motus cau<lb></lb>ſas naturales quærimus, quæ præter eas quas attulimus, ſunt <lb></lb>plures, & non negligendæ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001643">Hypparci, Leucippi, & Iamblici opiniones <lb></lb>tolluntur. </s> <s id="s.001644">Caput XV.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001645">HYPPARCVS <emph type="italics"></emph>Methapontinus in libro, qui ab eo <lb></lb>ſcribitur. </s> <s id="s.001646">De his quæ per grauitatem deorſum ferun<lb></lb>tur, duos motus contrarios ſe vicissim impedire, ac tol<lb></lb>lere, & motum ſurſum & deorſum contrarios eſſe cum ani<lb></lb>uertiſſet, vnà cum Lipario vetuſtissimo grauissimoque Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis expoſitore, <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> deorſum naturalem à motu ſurſum <lb></lb>violento impediri, & inde motum deorſum in fine citatiorem <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="240" xlink:href="011/01/260.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>futurum eſt ratus, quod ſagittarum, quæ ex arcubus proie<lb></lb>ctæ ſurſum violentæ volitant exemplo confirmat: ait enim ſa<lb></lb>gittas tam diu ſurſum ferri, quam diu impetus ab arcus cor<lb></lb>dæ ſuſceptus langueſcere incipit, ſagittarumque motus violentus <lb></lb>flacceſcit, & adhuc violento motu nonnulla ex parte ſuperſti<lb></lb>te ſagittæ deorſum moueri incipiunt, quæ & ſi tunc eo gra<lb></lb>uiores ſint, quo magis à centro diſtant, ſegnius tamen mouen<lb></lb>tur, quia à contrario motu violento, cuius reliquiæ adhuc ſer<lb></lb>uantur, impeditur, ac retardatur; in deſcenſu violentus motus <lb></lb>finitur, & naturalis abſque impedimento relinquitur, ideo <lb></lb>tunc neceſſe est, vt propè centrum ſagittarum motus cita<lb></lb>tior fiat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001647"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hanc Hypparci, & Leucippi opinionem Alexander <lb></lb>Aphrodiſienſis validissimè agitat: pro cuius faciliori decla<lb></lb>ratione ſciendum. </s> <s id="s.001648">Motum violentum duobus modis conſide<lb></lb>rari poſſe, ſemel vt cum naturali motu coniunctus, ſic <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> <lb></lb>abeſt, vt eumdem impediat, vt naturalem motum iuuet, cita<lb></lb>tioremque faciat, quod videre eſt in ferreis, plumbeiſque glan<lb></lb>dibus, quæ à bellicis tormentis cum impetu ignis violentia <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>quam deorſum proiectæ, non ſolum aggeres, vallos, & menia <lb></lb>quatiunt, sed & inexpugnabilissima propugnacula diruunt <lb></lb>in tenuissimumque puluerem comminuunt, ita vt nullis arti<lb></lb>bus illis reſiſti possit: eædem ferreæ plumbeæque glandes nul<lb></lb>la ignis ex bellicis tormentis proiectæ, sed earumdem naturæ <lb></lb>derelictæ, quantumuis graues deorſum cadentes tantam rui<lb></lb>nam non molirentur: ergo tantum abest, vt violentia natu<lb></lb>ræ coniuncta motum naturalem tollat, atque impediat, vt <lb></lb>eumdem iuuet, augeat, & citatiorem efficiat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001649"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo violentus motus conſiderari potest, quatenus in <lb></lb>alteram partem fit à naturali motu non rarò diuerſum: tunc <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="241" xlink:href="011/01/261.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>cum naturali motu non coniungitur, naturalem motum non <lb></lb>iuuat, sed retardat, & impedit: ſic grauium ſagittarum mo<lb></lb>tus naturalis ad centrum à motu violento ad cælum non mo<lb></lb>do retardatur, sed omnino tollitur, donec acceptus impetus <lb></lb>finiatur: quo finito ſagittæ & tardius in principio, quam in <lb></lb>fine ad centrum feruntur: ergo Hypparci & Leucippi falſa <lb></lb>opinio est.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001650"><emph type="italics"></emph>Falſum eſt etiam quod dicunt, graue eo eſſe grauius, quo <lb></lb>magis à centro diſtat: cum duobus tantum modis (quod ſæ<lb></lb>penumero à nobis repetitum fuit) graue extra centrum eſſe <lb></lb>contingat: ſemel quia extra <expan abbr="centrũ">centrum</expan> violentia truditur, tunc <lb></lb>ab illa violentia præter naturam aliqua ex parte diſponitur: <lb></lb>quam naturæ contrariam diſpoſitionem eò magis relinquit, <lb></lb>quò magis ad locum inferiorem tendit. </s> <s id="s.001651">Secundo graue extra <lb></lb>centrum exiſtit, cum ex aliena leui natura in ſuperiore loco <lb></lb>gignitur: eamdem alienam naturam ex qua genitum eſt ex<lb></lb>cutit cum deſcendit, & eò magis, quo ad ſuum naturalem lo <lb></lb>cum proprius accedit: non enim graue ſiue extra proprium <lb></lb>locum violentia truſum, ſiue in alieno loco ex leui natura ge<lb></lb>nitum est graue dum deſcendit, sed fit graue poſtquam ad <lb></lb>proprium locum peruenerit, amplius graue non fit, sed fa<lb></lb>ctum eſt: ideo amplius non mouetur, sed natur a quieſcit: ergo <lb></lb>falſum est, graue eo eſſe grauius, quo magis abeſt à centro, & <lb></lb>eò minus, quo minus à centro distat: immo oppoſitum ſemper <lb></lb>accidit: hæc Alexander contra Hypparcum & Leucippum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001652"><emph type="italics"></emph>Diuus lamblicus ſolius maioris aut minoris diſtantiæ ratio <lb></lb>nem habendam cenſuit: maius enim ſpacium ſeu medium ma<lb></lb>ius à graui deſcendente difficilius ſcinditur, ſpacium minus <lb></lb>facilius diſrumpitur: ex maiore ergo facilitate frangendi me <lb></lb>dium minus maior velocitas naſcitur, & ex maiore difficul-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="242" xlink:href="011/01/262.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tate diſrumpendi ſpacium maius in principio motum tardio<lb></lb>rem fieri decet, seu ſurſum à corpore leui, ſeu deorſum à gra<lb></lb>ui corpore fiat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001653"><emph type="italics"></emph>Falſa hæc Iamblici ſententia ab Alexandro duobus argu<lb></lb>mentis exagitatur: primo ſi id quod Iamblicus in motu natu<lb></lb>rali vti verum astruere conatus eſt, verum omnino ſit, veriſ<lb></lb>ſimum id etiam erit in motu violento: cum idem vtrobique ſit <lb></lb>medium, quod maius difficilius diuiditur, & minus facilius <lb></lb>ſcinditur. </s> <s id="s.001654">Si ergo ex maiore facilitate frangendi medium mi<lb></lb>nus, & ex maiore difficultate diſrumpendi ſpacium maius na <lb></lb>turalis motus, aut magis, aut minus celeris fit, & motus violen<lb></lb>tus ex eiſdem cauſis aut ſegnior, aut celerior fieri debet: ex <lb></lb>eiſdem enim cauſis iidem effectus ſemper <expan abbr="naſcũtur">naſcuntur</expan>: ergo quæ <lb></lb>aut ſurſum aut deorſum violentia cientur, velocius quam in <lb></lb>principio in fine mouebuntur: cuius oppoſitum numquam non <lb></lb>accidit: videmus enim in principio mouentis impetum à mo<lb></lb>bili ſuſceptum motus velocitatem augere: quæ ſenſim minui<lb></lb>tur, donec omnino perdatur, & motus tardior ſenſim factus <lb></lb>ceſſante impetu tandem finiatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001655"><emph type="italics"></emph>In Iamblicum ab Alexandro <expan abbr="ſecũdum">ſecundum</expan> hoc argumentum <lb></lb>astruitur. </s> <s id="s.001656">Idem corpus ad numerum prope terram ad lan<lb></lb>cem libratum grauius eſſet ſe ipſo, ſi in alta turri ad eandem <lb></lb>lancem libraretur, quia cum prope terram libratur, minus <lb></lb>ſcindendi aeris inter libratum corpus & terram intercipitur, <lb></lb>quam cum in alta turri, aliæ ergo & veriores excogitandæ <lb></lb>ſunt cauſæ, quamobrem ſimplicia elementa dum natura cien<lb></lb>tur, velocius in fine, quam in motus principio cieantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="243" xlink:href="011/01/263.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001657">Quæ ſint veræ Peripateticorum cauæ, propter <lb></lb>quas ea, quæ natura mouentur, velocius <lb></lb>in fine, quam in principio mouean<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s id="s.001658">Caput XVI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001659">QVIA <emph type="italics"></emph>nec Plato quantumuis diuinus, nec Thales <lb></lb>& ſi magni nominis Philoſophus, veritatem aſſecuti <lb></lb>fuerunt, ad Ariſtotelem naturalis Philoſophiæ paren<lb></lb>tem redimus, de cuius ſententia animaduertendum est. </s> <s id="s.001660">Eam <lb></lb>eſſe naturam aeris, & aquæ in proprio loco, ſi à quopiam quo <lb></lb>quo verſus impellantur, vt ſuo nixu post impulſum eum pri<lb></lb>mum aliquo ſpacio ferantur, ac aliquantisper motum cita<lb></lb>tiorem faciant: deinde ſenſim motum ſistant, donec motus <lb></lb>planè quieſcat, vt non rarò diximus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001661"><emph type="italics"></emph>Huic adde, quoniam à vacuo natura, abhorret idcirco <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> <lb></lb>in medio aliquid mouetur, ſimul ad mobilis terga proximi me <lb></lb>dij partes concurrunt, vt ſpacium illud impleant, ne derelin<lb></lb>quatur inane; hæ partes medii prius impulſæ proprio deinde <lb></lb>nixu mobile pellunt, & illud vltra promouent, hæc quo plu<lb></lb>res fuerint maiorique nixu pulſæ, eo citius, & vehementius <lb></lb>concurrentis ad terga mobilis illius illud velocius impellunt, <lb></lb>ac <expan abbr="mouēt">mouent</expan>: quo fit vt motui naturali hic motus violentus, id eſt <lb></lb>impulſus addatur. </s> <s id="s.001662">Mobile deinde velocius motum anteceden <lb></lb>tem aerem maiori nixu pellit, à velocius pulſo aere mobile ve<lb></lb>locius fertur, & ad illius terga plures partes aeris mobile con<lb></lb>ſequentis <expan abbr="cõcurrunt">concurrunt</expan>, ideo citius graue deſcendit, & leue aſcen<lb></lb>dit, quouſque ad <expan abbr="cẽtrum">centrum</expan> feratur, aut ad cælum ſubuolet, vbi <lb></lb>vtrumque mobile seu graue, seu leue quieſcet. </s> <s id="s.001663">Iſtius ergo mo<lb></lb>tus velocior in fine citatio ex ociore impulſu partium medij ad<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="244" xlink:href="011/01/264.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>terga mobilis <expan abbr="concurrentiũ">concurrentium</expan>, & ex maiore impulſu anteceden<lb></lb>tis aeris naſcitur, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ex ſola præſentia motoris, & mobilis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001664"><emph type="italics"></emph>Sciendum ſecundo ex doctrina Aristotelis libro quarto <lb></lb>Phyſicorum particula ſeptuageſimaprima. </s> <s id="s.001665">Medium in di<lb></lb>uerſam partem motum maiore nixu obſiſtere mobili, quam <lb></lb>id medium, quod quieſcit; & quieſcens maiore nixu eidem <lb></lb>mobili reſiſtere, quam in eamdem partem motum; in quam <lb></lb>mobile mouetur: & quanto celerius medium in eamdem par<lb></lb>tem fertur, tanto minus reſiſtit. </s> <s id="s.001666">Cum ergo graue corpus ver<lb></lb>ſus eamdem orbis partem agitur, verſus quam medium ae<lb></lb>rem prius quieſcentem impulerat, minorem tunc <expan abbr="reſiſtẽtiam">reſiſtentiam</expan> <lb></lb>inueniet, quam in motus totius principio cum aut aer medius <lb></lb>quieſcebat, aut fortaſſe contranitebatur, quamobrem mobile <lb></lb><expan abbr="proximã">proximam</expan> aeris partem antecedentem magis propellit: ad <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>cum peruenerit minorem profectò reſistentiam inueniet, idea <lb></lb>velocius eum impellet, & velocius mouebitur, & eò etiam ve<lb></lb>locius, quo plures aeris medij partes ad mobilis terga con<lb></lb>current.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001667"><emph type="italics"></emph>His adde perfectionem, quam <expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> nanciſcuntur, dum <lb></lb>ad propria loca mouentur, à qua motus velocitas augetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001668"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex maiore ergo partium ad mobilis terga concurrentium <lb></lb>numero, & ex minore reſiſtentia medii in fine, & ex maiore <lb></lb>impulſu aeris conſequentis, & ex perfectione, quam grauia, <lb></lb>& leuia eò maiorem conſequuntur, quoad proprium natura<lb></lb>lemque locum proprius accedunt, grauitas, & leuitas elemen<lb></lb>torum augetur; hæc aucta in fine motum auget, eumdemque <lb></lb>citatiorem reddit, vt viſus eſt dixiſſe Aristoteles primo cæ<lb></lb>li particula octuageſimanona: non autem id fit ex ſola præ<lb></lb>ſentia motoris ad medium, & ad mobile.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001669"><emph type="italics"></emph>Est motus istæ ex naturali, & non naturali, seu violento <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="245" xlink:href="011/01/265.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>motu factus, nam impulſus non eſt naturalis, & vi naturali <lb></lb>motui adiuncta longè celerius mobile ferri neceſſe eſt, & cum <lb></lb>lapidi ſua ſponte cadenti violentiam addimus, motus illius ve<lb></lb>locitatem tanto magis augemus, quanto violentia extrinſecus <lb></lb>adueniens fuerit maior: violentia igitur naturæ addi, & ab <lb></lb>extrinſeca vi motus naturalis augeri poteſt, sed natura vio<lb></lb>lentiæ <expan abbr="nũquã">nunquam</expan> <expan abbr="accõmodabitur">accommodabitur</expan>, vt lapis in ſublime impulſus nul<lb></lb>lo modo naturali, sed violento <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan> motu mouebitur, & eius <lb></lb>motus à natura nulla ex parte, aut iuuari, aut augeri, aut <lb></lb>ocior fieri poterit: quo circa natura per ſe tantum, vis autem <lb></lb>& per ſe, & addita naturæ mouet: eam ob rem dixit Ari<lb></lb>stoteles libro tertio Ethicorum ad ea, quæ naturæ aduerſan<lb></lb>tur aſſuefieri nihil vmquam poterit, vt ſi quis lapidem, vel <lb></lb>etiam millies ſurſum iaciat, illum ad motum ſurſum <expan abbr="numquã">numquam</expan> <lb></lb>aſſuefaciet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001670"><emph type="italics"></emph>Inter ea, quæ violentia, voluntate, & natura <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan>, hoc <lb></lb>interest: quæ natura cientur, velocius in fine mouentur, quæ <lb></lb>voluntate concitantur, vt animalia, velocius in medio, quam <lb></lb>in principio, aut in fine feruntur, quia ſuarum motionum ini<lb></lb>tio, cum membra non dum ſunt ad motum præparata, ſolent <lb></lb>eſſe tardiora; senſim autem maiores vires ad motionem acci<lb></lb>piunt, longo <expan abbr="tãdem">tandem</expan> labore fatigata laxantur; & tum tardius <lb></lb>mouentur: quæ violentiam patiuntur, tardius in fine, & velo<lb></lb>cius in principio aguntur, vt ſupra diximus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001671">Vtrum elementorum motus in momento fieri <lb></lb>poſsit. </s> <s id="s.001672">Caput XVII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001673">CONTRA <emph type="italics"></emph>elementorum motum in fine auctum pro<lb></lb>bamus eumdem ad tantam <expan abbr="velocitatẽ">velocitatem</expan> peruenire poſſe,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="246" xlink:href="011/01/266.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>vt in momento fiat; cuius oppoſitum Aristoteles probat li<lb></lb>bro ſexto Phyſicorum particula quinquageſima.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001674"><emph type="italics"></emph>Elementum eſt corpus continuum, ergo perſe in <expan abbr="infinitũ">infinitum</expan> <lb></lb>ſecari poteſt, & ad cuiuslibet continui diuiſionem per ſe, illius <lb></lb>accidens non per se, sed per accidens diuidi poſſe docet Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles libro de ſenſu, & ſenſili: vt ſecto corpore albo per ſe, & <lb></lb>illius albedo per accidens ſecatur: ergo corpore graui per ſe <lb></lb>infinitè diuiſo, vt infinitè diuidi poteſt, & illius grauitas per <lb></lb>accidens infinitè diuidetur; id fieri aliquando constat, quia <lb></lb>quælibet naturalis facultas aliquando ad actum erumpet. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001675">Ergo cum ad actum hæc diuiſio in partes infinitas redigetur, <lb></lb>infinita grauitas in actu inuenietur: ergo infinitè mouebit: er<lb></lb>go in momento, in quo non fit motus: quod de infinita graui<lb></lb>tate diximus, atque dicemus, de leuitate eſt etiam omnino in<lb></lb>telligendum, quoniam contrariorum contrariæ ſunt, quæ con<lb></lb>ſequuntur proprietates. </s> <s id="s.001676">Hic tria faciemus: primo nonnulla <lb></lb>adnotabimus: ſecundo ad materiam, tertio verò ad formam <lb></lb>argumenti reſpondebimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001677"><emph type="italics"></emph>Sciendum de mente Ariſtotelis libro primo de generatio<lb></lb>ne hanc orationem Continuum infinitè ſecari poteſt, duas ha<lb></lb>bere ſignificationes, altera est. </s> <s id="s.001678">Continuum, quod eſt diuiden<lb></lb>dum in hanc, vel illam partem ſine vllo diſcrimine infinitè po<lb></lb>teſt diuidi, non vt in omnes partes ſimul infinitè diuidatur, sed <lb></lb>vt ex omnibus diuiſionibus in quaslibet partes quantumuis in<lb></lb>finitas quamlibet admittere possit; neque vnam magis, quam <lb></lb>aliam sed ſigillatim omnes, vt ſi diceremus: hominem <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> <lb></lb>diſciplinarum eſſe capacem, non quia aliquis omnes ſimul di<lb></lb>dicerit; sed quoniam ex ſingulis diſciplinis nulla eſt, quam ho<lb></lb>mo diſcere nequeat; non autem hanc, vel illam tantum de<lb></lb>finitè: ita continuum corpus omni ex parte diuiduum eſſe vo-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="247" xlink:href="011/01/267.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>lumus; non quia ſimul vmquam actu omni ex parte ſimul di<lb></lb>uidatur, sed quia nulla diuiſio est in continuo, quam conti<lb></lb>nuum reſpuat. </s> <s id="s.001679">Secundo modo intelligitur, vt continuum quod <lb></lb>in partes omnes eaſdem que infinitas diuidi potest, in eaſdem <lb></lb>actu diuidatur: hæc posterior ſignificatio falſa est, prior au<lb></lb>tem vera.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001680"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo ſciendum: <expan abbr="facultatẽ">facultatem</expan> eſſe duorum generum: quæ<lb></lb>dam ſolam non repugnantiam ſine naturali inclinatione ſi<lb></lb>gnificat; vt cum omne corpus continuum infinitè diuidi poſſe <lb></lb>dicimus; quædam naturalem inclinationem ad actum dicitur <lb></lb>prior non eſt frustra, ſi ad actum non redigitur: poſterior ad <lb></lb>actum non redacta est frustra.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001681"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo nunc ad materiam. </s> <s id="s.001682">Continuum ex infinit is ſe<lb></lb>ctionibus non omnes infinitas, sed ſigillatim vnamquamque <lb></lb>admictere poteſt; omnes ſimul numquam admictet, ideo in in<lb></lb>finitas partes numquam ſecabitur; & motus in momento non <lb></lb>fiet. </s> <s id="s.001683">Ahæc continuum, qua continuum, & non qua cor<lb></lb>pus, infinitè ſecari potest; sectionem tamen hanc actu non ad<lb></lb>mictit, nec (vt opinor) admictet: ſicut continuum actu per<lb></lb>ſe non diuiditur, ita nec illius accidens actu diuidetur per ac<lb></lb>cidens, sed facultate tantum; quæ facultas propterea fruſtra <lb></lb>non erit, quia hæc facultas inclinationem naturalem non ſi<lb></lb>gnificat, sed ſolam non repugnantiam, id eſt continuum in in<lb></lb>finitas partes infinitè diuidi non repugnat: licet in partes in <lb></lb>finitas numquam diuidatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001684"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nunc ad formam, primo cum dicitur. </s> <s id="s.001685">Continuum infinitè <lb></lb>ſecari poteſt; ſi id ita intelligatur, vt continuum in infinitum <lb></lb>actu aliquando ita ſecetur, vt quaslibet, & omnes ſectiones ad<lb></lb>mictat: id negamus: ſi verò vnam aut plures tantum, & non <lb></lb>omnes continuum ſectiones admictere velimus; hoc totum da-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="248" xlink:href="011/01/268.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>mus: ergo infinitè grauitas dabitur, per inficiationem reſpon<lb></lb>demus: cum adhuc infertur: ergo in continuo frustra eſt ſe<lb></lb>candi infinita facultas ad actum non redacta, & hoc inficia<lb></lb>tione diluimus, quia non eſt Aristotelis germana ſententia, <lb></lb>vt omnes ſectiones infinitas continuum admictat, sed vt ex <lb></lb>infinitis aliquas. </s> <s id="s.001686">Dici etiam certè poterit infinitum actu non <lb></lb>dari, sed facultate tantum, ex quo motum in momento <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> <lb></lb>non infertur: hinc anſam nanciſci liceret vrgendi Zenonem, <lb></lb>vt eumdem Ariſtoteles acerrimè vrget libro ſexto, & libro <lb></lb>octauo Phyſicorum: at non eſt iſtæ locus, ideo Zenonem pru<lb></lb>dentes præterimus, & ad <expan abbr="cõtinuum">continuum</expan> corpus reuertimur, quod <lb></lb>quamquam in partes infinitas ſecaripotest, re ipſa tamen, & <lb></lb>actu non ſecatur, itaque cum dicitur, elementum est corpus <lb></lb>continuum, ergo per ſe infinitè ſecari poteſt; dandum eſt hoc: <lb></lb>cum adiungitur ergo illius accidens vt est grauitas, & leuitas <lb></lb>non per ſe, sed per accidens ad continui ſectione ſecari valet, <lb></lb>& iſtud damus, cum additur: ergo corpore graui per ſe. </s> <s id="s.001687">infi<lb></lb>nitè diuiſo illius grauitas per accidens infinitè diuidetur: hanc <lb></lb>diuiſionis facultatem continui per ſe, & illius accidentis per <lb></lb>accidens ad actum per ſe redigi poſſe negamus: cum infertur <lb></lb>ergo eſt fruſtra: negamus, quia hæc facultas naturalem incli<lb></lb>nationem minimè ſignificat, sed ſolam non repugnantiam, po<lb></lb>ſterior non eſt fruſtra, cum ad actum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> redigitur, sed prior, <lb></lb>& tunc non ſequitur, motum in momento fieri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001688">Vtrum grauitas, & leuitas infinita detur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001689">Caput XVIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001690">VERVM <emph type="italics"></emph>quoniam de infinita grauitate egimus: quid <lb></lb>prohibet, quo minus eamdem non dari probemus?<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="249" xlink:href="011/01/269.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>propterea quòd ſi detur, motus in momento fieri neceſſe <lb></lb>est, & Ariſtoteles hanc tractationem vſque difficilem futu<lb></lb>ram dicit libro primo de cælo, vt in ea parte, ſi vſquam alibi <lb></lb>intento eſſe animo lectorem velit, ne ſi vnum aliquod, vel <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>minimum tractationis punctum præterlabatur, omnia ca<lb></lb>dant, effugiant, corruant, & effluant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001691"><emph type="italics"></emph>Argumentor igitur: ſi infinita grauitas datur, aut ea eſt <lb></lb>corporis infiniti, aut corporis finiti: non infiniti, nam infini<lb></lb>tum non dari demonſtratum eſt ab Aristotele libro tertio de <lb></lb>Phyſico auditu, & libro primo de cælo: & ſi infinitum aliquod <lb></lb>corpus daretur, cuius grauitas eſſet infinita, neceſſe eſſet <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> <lb></lb>dari infinitum, quod totum à toto corpore infinito impleretur: <lb></lb>eſt enim corpus, quod omni ex parte diuidi potest, vt dixit <lb></lb>Ariſtoteles in principio libri primi de cælo, id est ex parte <lb></lb>longitudinis, latitudinis, & profunditatis: corpus ergo infini<lb></lb>tum neceſſariò eſt infinitè longum, infinitè latum, & infinitè <lb></lb>profundum: ergo æqualis magnitudinis locum exigit infini<lb></lb>tum, quod totum à toto corpore infinito occupabitur: corpus <lb></lb>enim infinitum omnia implet: ergo ſpacium nullum erit ſu<lb></lb>perſtes, ad quod corpus infinitum recto motu cieri possit: ergo <lb></lb>in quolibet loco ſtabit immotum: ergo grauitas infinita cuius <lb></lb>nullus erit vſus dabitur: non enim corpus illud mouebitur, cu<lb></lb>ius grauitas erit infinita: ergo nec corpus leue inuenietur, <lb></lb>quod inueniri neceſſario debet: quia ſi eſt vnum in natura <expan abbr="cõ-trarium">con<lb></lb>trarium</expan>, & <expan abbr="reliquũ">reliquum</expan> erit, & ſi leue corpus in natura fuerit, il<lb></lb>lud nullibi erit, nullibi quieſcet, & ad nullum locum feretur: <lb></lb>corpus enim graue infinitum, quod poſitum fuerat, omnia im<lb></lb>plet, quæ fieri nulla ratione poſſe nemo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> videt: ergo hæc gra<lb></lb>uitas infinita infiniti corporis eſſe non poterit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001692"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nunc probandum eſt, fieri nulla ratione poſſe, vt grauitas <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="250" xlink:href="011/01/270.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>infinita corporis finiti: nam hæc infinita grauitas ſi corporis <lb></lb>eſſet finiti, vel eadem in non tempore moueret; aut æquali tem<lb></lb>pore, cum ea quæ finita est: primam conſequentiam proba<lb></lb>mus: augendo facultatem mouentem, eo modo, quo eamdem <lb></lb>auget Aristoteles in ſeptimo libro de Phyſico auditu. </s> <s id="s.001693">Si de<lb></lb>terminata mouendi facultas aliquod <expan abbr="ſtatutũ">ſtatutum</expan> mobile moueat <lb></lb>per aliquod definitum ſpacium in tempore determinato, ſi ea<lb></lb>dem facultas mouens in duplo augeatur, tempus in duplo mi<lb></lb>nuetur; ſi in triplo creuerit, & tempus in triplo decreſcet, vt ſi <lb></lb>tempus duarum horarum fuerit, & vis mouendi duplo maior <lb></lb>erit: tempus erit vnius horæ: at que ita deinceps.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001694"><emph type="italics"></emph>Vis hæc ad tantam magnitudinem peruenire poterit, vt <lb></lb>fiat infinita, ſi aucta vi mouente tempus minuitur, neceſſariò <lb></lb>ſequitur, vt facta vi mouente infinita tempus infinitè decre<lb></lb>ſcat, & fiat non tempus, in quo infinita vis mouens mouebit: <lb></lb>ex Aristotele libro Phyſicorum ſeptimo, & libro primo de <lb></lb>cælo: nunc ad grauitatem reuertimur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001695"><emph type="italics"></emph>Si grauitas infinita corporis finiti datur: neceſſe est, vt in <lb></lb>non tempore moueant; patet conſequentia augendo vim mo<lb></lb>uentem, vt de Ariſtotelis ſententia, nunc eamdem auximus, <lb></lb>mouebit etiam in non tempore, quia ſuccessio in motu ex reſi<lb></lb>ſtentia naſcitur, libro quarto Phyſicorum: at grauitati infi<lb></lb>nitæ corpus finitum non reſistit, nec reſistere poteſt; ergo mo<lb></lb>uet in inſtanti, in quo motum non fieri Aristoteles demon<lb></lb>strauit libro ſexto Phyſicorum particula quinquageſima.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001696"><emph type="italics"></emph>His, ni fallor, probata eſt prima pars ſupradictæ conſe<lb></lb>quentiæ: nunc ad ſecundam probandum deſcendimus. </s> <s id="s.001697">Si gra<lb></lb>uitas infinita corpus finitum in tempore moueat quantumuis <lb></lb>paruo, in æquali altera grauitas finita mouere poterit: patet <lb></lb>conſequentia, augendo, & minuendo vim mouendi, & tempus <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="251" xlink:href="011/01/271.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>eo modo, quo ab Aristotele libro ſeptimo Phyſicorum augen<lb></lb>tur, & minuuntur, & quomodo à nobis ſupra aucta, & minu<lb></lb>ta fuerunt, quæ omnia ſunt tam falſa, quam falſissima: er<lb></lb>go grauitas infinita non datur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001698"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hinc neceſſariò ſequitur, vt ſi neque grauitas, neque leui<lb></lb>tas ſit infinita, nullum omnino corpus ſiue graue, ſiue leue eſſe <lb></lb>infinitum: finita ſint igitur oportet omnia grauia, & leuia <lb></lb>corpora, & finitum neceſſe est vt ſit illud ſpacium, quod inter <lb></lb>lunam, & mundi centrum intercipitur, vt à finitis corporibus <lb></lb>finitæ magnitudinis finito tempore peregrinetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001699">Auenpacis argumentum ad æquam lancem expen<lb></lb>ditur, quod quarto Phyſicorum ab Auen<lb></lb>pace texitur. </s> <s id="s.001700">Caput XIX.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001701">CONTRA <emph type="italics"></emph>eam Ariſtotelis demonstrationem, quam <lb></lb>ſecunda parte adduximus, & qua medii necessitatem <lb></lb>Aristoteles probare nititur; grauiter, & acutè agit <lb></lb>Auenpaces: oſtendit que eamdem eſſe ſophiſticam, atque fal<lb></lb>lacem, vt refert Auerroes libro quarto Phyſicorum commen<lb></lb>tatione ſeptuageſima. </s> <s id="s.001702">Sicut in motoribus (ait) globorum cæ<lb></lb>lestium, vbi nullum eſt medium reſistens, nihilque, quod <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> <lb></lb>motum impediat, velocitas motus motoris excellentiam inſe<lb></lb>quitur, ita <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> in elementis deſcenſus velox grauitatis excel<lb></lb>lentiam conſequetur, & velox aſcenſus leuitatis vim comita<lb></lb>bitur: igitur per ſe grauius eò velocius mouebitur, quod est <lb></lb>minus graue æque graue, æque velociter citabitur: per acci<lb></lb>dens autem contingit corporum ſublunarium ſimplicium mo<lb></lb>tum impediri à medio, quod ægrè diuiditur, propterea reſiſtit, <lb></lb>& motus velocitatem impedit, ideo non ſequitur: rarefacto <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="252" xlink:href="011/01/272.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>medio, quod prius denſum fuerat, motus velocitatem per ſe <lb></lb>creſcere in ea proportione, in qua medium fuerit factum ra<lb></lb>rius, sed tantum ſequitur in ea proportione decreſcere tardi<lb></lb>tatem, quæ per accidens addita fuerat ex medij denſitate. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001703">Inefficax ergo eſt Ariſtotelis ratio, fallax, at que ſophiſtica.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001704"><emph type="italics"></emph>Auerroes eorum omnium, qui post Ariſtotelem ſcripſe<lb></lb>re, quos quidem ego legerim, meo iudicio facilè princeps, re<lb></lb>ſpondet in commentatione ſeptuageſimaprima eiuſdem libri <lb></lb>quarti Phyſicorum, de cuius ſententia ſciendum. </s> <s id="s.001705">Ex motus de <lb></lb>finitione omnem motum eſſe continuum facilè colligi: eſt enim <lb></lb>motus actus illius, quod moueri potest, quatenus eam vim ha<lb></lb>bet, vt moueri possit, tertio <expan abbr="Phyſicorū">Phyſicorum</expan> particula ſexta, nona, <lb></lb>decima, decimaſexta, & vigeſimatertia; id quod <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> ſupra di<lb></lb>ximus: ergo mobile per motum ad alium <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> antecedentem <lb></lb>vim habet, ad quam etiam mobile tendit: continuus ergo est <lb></lb>omnis motus: non poteſt autem continuatio hæc motus naſci ex <lb></lb>ſola vi agentis ſine reſistentia, quam mouens ſua mouendi fa<lb></lb>cultate ſuperet. </s> <s id="s.001706">Itaque ſecundum proportionem quam mouen<lb></lb>tis vis reſistentiam ſuperat, motus quoque eſt velox; atque in <lb></lb>his motibus, in quibus proportio eſt maior, eſt etiam maior ce<lb></lb>leritas; vbi minor proportio, ibi celeritas minor, vbi autem vis <lb></lb>mouentis reſiſtentiam non ſuperat, aut non ſecundum ſtatu<lb></lb>tum à natura exceſſum nullus tunc efficitur motus, vt doctiſ<lb></lb>ſimè docuit Aristoteles libro ſeptimo Phyſicorum particula <lb></lb>trigeſimaſexta.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001707"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quod Auempaces de globorum cæleſtium motoribus dixit <lb></lb>ſine reſistentia mouentibus, falſum eſſe ex his omnes intelli<lb></lb>gunt, quæ Ariſtoteles ſcripta reliquit libro ſecundo de cælo <lb></lb>particula ſeptuageſimaprima. </s> <s id="s.001708">Si vna (ait) tantum quan<lb></lb>tumuis parua ſtella & non plures cuipiam cælesti globo adde<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="253" xlink:href="011/01/273.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>rentur globus ille cæleſtis à ſuo motore non moueretur, aut <lb></lb>tardius ageretur, quam nunc agatur, nam ex proportione ſtel<lb></lb>læ nuper additæ <expan abbr="nō">non</expan> amplius motor eo exceſſu mobile ſuperat, <lb></lb>quo illud ſuperabat prius, sed minori: ideo motus aut futurus <lb></lb>erit ſegnior, aut nullus: ergo eſt in cæleſtibus globis proportio <lb></lb>quædam mouentis, & moti, quæ reſiſtentiæ locum gerit, ſine <lb></lb>qua proportione à natura instituta globi cæleſtes, aut immoti <lb></lb>manerent, aut tardius, aut cælerius mouerentur: ex quibus <lb></lb>ſequitur: propoſitionem ab Auempace ſumptam, non eſſe ve<lb></lb>ram; velocitatem ſcilicet motus ſequi <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> vim mouentis per <lb></lb>ſe; nulla habita ratione per ſe reſistentiæ, sed tantum per ac<lb></lb>cidens. </s> <s id="s.001709">Negatur ergo propoſitio ab Auempace abſolutè in<lb></lb>tellecta, & efficax eſt Ariſtotelis argumentum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001710"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ne quis ex hac motorum cælestium reſistentia eoſdem <lb></lb>cum labore mouere, laxari, & tandem à motu quieſcere col<lb></lb>ligat, hic ſciat oportet: non quamlibet reſiſtentiam eſſe cau<lb></lb>ſam laboris, sed eam tantum, quæ ad oppoſitum inclinat, vt <lb></lb>quod graue ſurſum trahit, cum labore trahit quia graue, ad <lb></lb>motum deorſum motui ſurſum contrario inclinat: at cælestes <lb></lb>globi eorumdem motoribus, dum reſistunt, qualibet ad oppo<lb></lb>ſitum inclinatione vocant: quo fit, vt motores cæleſtes cum <lb></lb>reſiſtentia mouentes, ſine labore moueant, ita vt nec laxen<lb></lb>tur, nec à motu quieſcant: carent etiam magnitudine, quæ eſt <lb></lb>cauſa laboris, ſecundo libro de cælo commentatione trigeſi<lb></lb>maſexta.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001711"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nec Aristoteles modo, sed etiam Plato hanc reſisten<lb></lb>tiam agnouit, dum in Timæo dixit. </s> <s id="s.001712">Igne rurſus hinc exciden <lb></lb>te, vt qui in vacuum non exeat, truſus propinquus aer, hu<lb></lb>midam, quæ eſt ad <expan abbr="hũc">hunc</expan> motum facilis, magnitudinem in ignis <lb></lb>ſedem contrudens, ipſam ſibi ipſi commiſcet: trudi autem pro<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="254" xlink:href="011/01/274.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>pinquus aer ſine reſistentia non poteſt: ergo Platonem hanc <lb></lb>reſiſtentiæ necessitatem agnouiſſe eſt omnino credendum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001713">Vtrum totum elementum ab eiuſdem forma, ſeu <lb></lb>materia moueatur, quod ad quintam ſecun<lb></lb>dæ partis impoſitionem pertinet. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001714">Caput XX.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001715">OSTENDO <emph type="italics"></emph>totum elementum non mouere totum <lb></lb>elementum, nec moueri per materiam motam, quia <lb></lb>materia nec mouet, nec mouetur: octauo Phyſicorum <lb></lb>particula quarta: immo, vt ait Auerroes, quod maximam <lb></lb>emphaſim habet cum eo, qui dixit, formam mouere, & ma<lb></lb>teriam moueri, naturalis philoſophi diſſerère non interest li<lb></lb>bro quinto Phyſicorum <expan abbr="commẽtatione">commentatione</expan> quinta: ergo hoc quin<lb></lb>tum dictum eſt omnino falſum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001716"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo. </s> <s id="s.001717">Forma duobus modis conſiderari potest: ſemel <lb></lb>vt forma, qua ratione nec mouet, nec mouetur: ſecundo, vt in <lb></lb>materia, quod adhuc duobus modis contingit: primo modo, vt <lb></lb>forma, tunc mouet; <expan abbr="secũdo">secundo</expan> modo vt in materia, tunc mouetur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001718">Materia etiam duobus modis conſideratur: primo, vt ma<lb></lb>teria; secundo vt altera pars totius: primo modo non mouet, <lb></lb>nec mouetur, secundo modo mouetur tantum, & non mouet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001719"><emph type="italics"></emph>Secundo reſpondeo ex Auerroe in eo loco. </s> <s id="s.001720">Forma tam ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ, quam accidentium duobus modis conſideratur, ſemel <lb></lb>vt mutationem finit, ſic nec mouet, nec mouetur: ſecundo <expan abbr="cō-ſiderari">con<lb></lb>ſiderari</expan> potest, antequam mutationem finiat, ſic mouet, & <lb></lb>mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001721"><emph type="italics"></emph>Tertio reſpondeo. </s> <s id="s.001722">Modus ſecernendi formam à materia <lb></lb>eſt duplex: alter metaphyſicus, alter naturalis: primo modo <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="255" xlink:href="011/01/275.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>forma, tum à materia, tum à conditionibus materia, qua <lb></lb>ſunt hic & nunc, omnino ſecernitur: ſecundo modo formam <lb></lb>à materia non ſeparamus, sed tantum à conditionibus mate<lb></lb>riæ: in primo ſeparandi modo forma nec mouet, nec mouetur; <lb></lb>quia à materia, qui formam ſeparat, & à conditionibus ma<lb></lb>teriæ, eamdem à natura, quæ est principium motus, omnino <lb></lb>ſeiungit: ideo forma tunc nec mouet, nec mouetur: in ſecundo <lb></lb>modo ſecernendi forma mouet, & mouetur; quia à motus prin<lb></lb>cipio, quod eſt natura, non ſeparatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001723">Vtrum forma ſimplex ſimplicis elementi à ſe per <lb></lb>ſe propriè moueatur, quod ad ſextam ſecun<lb></lb>dæ partis propoſitionem ſpectat. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001724">Cap. XXI.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001725">OSTENDO <emph type="italics"></emph>elementum ſimplex, vel quod longè ma<lb></lb>ius eſt, elementi formam ſimplicem moueri à ſe per ſe <lb></lb>propriè, & non tantum per accidens, & antequam ar<lb></lb>gumentum in formam redigatur, duo ponuntur: <expan abbr="alterũ">alterum</expan> est.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001726"><emph type="italics"></emph>Color (verbigratia) ſi per ſe, & primo mouet ſenſum vi<lb></lb>dendi, ilico ſequitur hunc colorem indiuiduum per ſe, licet <expan abbr="nō">non</expan> <lb></lb>primo, <expan abbr="eūdem">eundem</expan> videndi ſenſum mouere, idque cum reciproca<lb></lb>tione, ita vt ſenſus videndi per ſe, & primo à colore; hic autem <lb></lb>ſenſus videndi per ſe ſaltem, & ſi non primo à colore mouea<lb></lb>tur, quæ omnia vera ſunt ex primo libro Poſteriorum capite <lb></lb>quarto, cui titulus est, de his quæ per ſe, & primo dicuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001727"><emph type="italics"></emph>Alterum quod ponitur eſt ex crebro ſilicis, & ferri attri<lb></lb>tu eliciatur, elidaturque ignis: hæc forma ignis ex ſilice nu<lb></lb>per eliſi prius natura ſaltem, & ſi non tempore poteſt fieri le<lb></lb>uius, quia ſubſtantia eſt quolibet accidente prior, ſeptimo Di-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="256" xlink:href="011/01/276.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>uinorum in principio: hæc tandem fiet leuis: hic prior ignis <lb></lb>posteriores generat: hæc forma ignis prioris leuitatem ef<lb></lb>ficere potest, & leuitatem aliquanda faciet: forma enim <lb></lb>ignis, quæ eſt ſubſtantias est prior leuitate, quæ eſt accidens: <lb></lb>ergo forma ignis prius quam fiat leuis, potest fieri leuis, <lb></lb>& fiet. </s> <s id="s.001728">Hæc eadem forma ignis alterum ignem generans, <lb></lb>leuitatem facere potest, & tum in ſuo igni, tum in alte<lb></lb>ro igni generando leuitatem faciet in ſe quidem, quia acci<lb></lb>dentia propria ex propriis ſpecierum principiis manant, vt <lb></lb>ad riſum propenſio ex participatione rationis, quæ eſt huma<lb></lb>næ ſpeciei principium primam ſui ortus originem repetit; ho<lb></lb>mo enim eſt adriſum propenſus, quia est rationis particeps: <lb></lb>natura ſaltem, & ſi non tempore prius, in altero autem, quia <lb></lb>agens dans formam, dat conſequentiæ formam octauo Phyſi<lb></lb>corum commentatione trigeſimaſecunda.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001729"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ex his argumentor. </s> <s id="s.001730">Mouens, vt mouens per ſe, & primo <lb></lb>mouet mobile: per ſe ſaltem & ſi non primo mouet hoc mobi<lb></lb>le: hæc propoſitio eſt ex prima hypoteſi vera; cui hanc addo. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001731">Forma prioris ignis eſt mouens, vt patet ex ſecunda hypotheſi, <lb></lb>ergo forma prioris ignis, vt mouens per ſe & primo mouet pri<lb></lb>mo mobili: per ſe ſaltem & ſi non primo hoc mobile mouet: <lb></lb>argumentum est intertio primæ: cui addo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001732"><emph type="italics"></emph>Sed eadem forma est mota, vt ex <expan abbr="ſecūda">ſecunda</expan> hypotheſi patet, <lb></lb>mouetur enim dum fit leuis, & mouet, dum leuitatem facit: <lb></lb>ergo eadem forma, vt mouens, ſemetipſam mouet, vt mota eſt <lb></lb>per ſe ſaltem, & ſinon primo: ergo elementum non mouetur <lb></lb>à ſe per accidens, sed per ſe; immo eadem forma eiuſdem ſim<lb></lb>plicis elementi à se per ſe mouebitur, quod eſt abſurdum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001733"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ne quis dicat, id verum eſſe in generatione vniuoca, & <expan abbr="nō">non</expan> <lb></lb>in generatione æquiuoca, aut id in æquiuoca generatione ve-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="257" xlink:href="011/01/277.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>rum, non autem in generatione vniuoca in conſtituenda hypo<lb></lb>theſi, vtriuſque generationis exemplum attulimus: etenim ex <lb></lb>crebro ſilicis, & ferri attritu ignis æquiuocè gignitur, hic ve<lb></lb>rò ignis, æquiuocè genitus, alterum ignem vniuocè gignit, nunc <lb></lb>reſpondeo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001734"><emph type="italics"></emph>Forma ignis prius geniti non est mouens, & mota reſpe<lb></lb>ctu eiuſdem, sed reſpectu diuerſorum: ad probationem reſpon<lb></lb>deo: forma prior nouum ignem generare potest, & <expan abbr="leuitatẽ">leuitatem</expan> <lb></lb>efficere valet in ſubiecto <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan>, in quo nouus ignis gignitur non <lb></lb>in ſuo proprio ſubiecto: leuitas enim prioris ignis ab eiuſdem <lb></lb>ignis forma non gignitur sed à generante: generans enim <lb></lb>ignem, ignis formam generat: leuitatem, motum, & cætera, <lb></lb>quæ formam neceſſario conſequuntur, ignis, à gener ante pri<lb></lb>mo loco genitus nouum ignem gignit: cui dat formam, leuita<lb></lb>tem, & motum. </s> <s id="s.001735">Non est ergo eadem forma mouens, & mo<lb></lb>tare ſpectu ſui ipſius; sed mota ratione generantis, & mouens <lb></lb>ratione ignis ſecundo loco geniti. </s> <s id="s.001736">Falſa eſt ergo minor ſecundi <lb></lb>syllogismi ſi reſpectu eiuſdem intelligatur, & vera reſpectu di <lb></lb>uerſorum: tunc non ſequitur: eamdem numero formam eſſe <lb></lb>mouentem, & motam ratione vnius, sed tantum ratione duo <lb></lb>rum, & argumentum eſt ex quatuor terminis ideo <expan abbr="conſequẽ-tia">conſequen<lb></lb>tia</expan> est omnino neganda.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001737"><emph type="italics"></emph>Hoc argumentum eſt efficacissimum, vt videtis, & expli<lb></lb>catio exitus illius eſt inuoluta; ideo abre fortaſſe non erit, ſi <lb></lb>illud in nouam formam redigatur: quo quantum illi roboris <lb></lb>inſit facilius intelligatur, sed arrigite aures viri doctissimi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001738"><emph type="italics"></emph>Forma vt forma mouet; forma, vt in materia mouetur: <lb></lb>ergo eadem forma numero eſt mouens, & mota: ergo eadem <lb></lb>forma numero mouet ſe per ſe: hæc postrema <expan abbr="conſequẽtia">conſequentia</expan> pro<lb></lb>batur. </s> <s id="s.001739">Mouens vt mouens per ſe & primo mouet mobile vt <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="258" xlink:href="011/01/278.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>mobile, & mouet hoc mobile per ſe, & ſi non primo. </s> <s id="s.001740">Mobile <lb></lb>vt mobile per ſe & primo à mouente mouetur; ab hoc mouen<lb></lb>te per ſe ſaltem, & ſi non primo: sed eadem forma numero <lb></lb>eſt mouens & mota: Ergo eadem forma numero, vt mouens <lb></lb>per ſe saltem, & ſi non primo, ſemetipſam mouet vt mota eſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001741"><emph type="italics"></emph>Confirmatur: quiquid per ſe & primo ineſt ſuperiori, per <lb></lb>se ſaltem, & ſi non primo cuilibet inferiori inerit; vt partici<lb></lb>patio rationis, & ad riſum propenſio per ſe & primo inſunt <lb></lb>homini, per ſe ſaltem, & ſi non primo cuilibet particulari ho<lb></lb>mini inerunt, sed mouere per ſe, & primo ineſt mouenti per <lb></lb>ſe, & primo: &: moueri per ſe, & primo inest mobili per ſe, <lb></lb>& primo: Ergo mouere inerit huic mouenti, & moueri huic <lb></lb>mobili per ſe ſaltem, & ſinon primo. </s> <s id="s.001742">Cæterum ſimplex for<lb></lb>ma elementi eadem numero eſt mouens reſpectu ſui, & est <lb></lb>mota reſpectu ſui; quia forma, vt forma totum mobile mouet, <lb></lb>& ſe ad motum totius, ad motum medij, ad motum materiæ <lb></lb>motæ, &c. </s> <s id="s.001743">Ergo à ſe ſaltem per ſe & ſi non primo eadem for<lb></lb>ma numero mouetur, quod eſt falſum & abſurdum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001744"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo idem ſemetipſum per ſe, & ſi non primo ciere <lb></lb>poteſt, & ideo rem falſam, & abſurdam argumentum non <lb></lb>concludit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001745"><emph type="italics"></emph>Si quis <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> vrgeat, & oſtendere conetur, fieri non poſſe, <lb></lb>vt eadem forma ſimplex numero ſe ipſam moueat, ne ſit actu, <lb></lb>& facultate ſimul propter principium ab omnibus datum; <lb></lb>vt meminit Auerroes libro destructionum contra Algaze<lb></lb>lem diſputatione prima ſolutione primi dubij, & diſputatio<lb></lb>ne ſexta ſolutione ſexti dubij, propter hunc reſpondendum <lb></lb>alio modo est.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001746"><emph type="italics"></emph>Mouens per ſe primo mouet per ſe primo, mobile per ſe <lb></lb>primo (arrigite aures acutissimi viri, nam id materia, qua <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="259" xlink:href="011/01/279.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>de nunc agimus, poſtulat) & mouens per ſe primo, hoc mobile <lb></lb>per ſe mouet per ſe & ſi non primo: at <expan abbr="mouẽs">mouens</expan> per ſe & primo, <lb></lb>nec per ſe, & primo, nec per ſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> primo mouet mobile per acci <lb></lb>dens, sed mouens per ſe, & primo per accidens <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan> mouet <lb></lb>mobile per accidens; et mobile per accidens <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mouetur per ſe <lb></lb>& primo àmouente per ſe & primo, sed per accidens: & mo<lb></lb>bile per accidens non mouetur per ſe à mouente per ſe, sed <lb></lb>per accidens: sed mobile perſe, & primo illudeſt, quod per ſe <lb></lb>& primo mouetur à mouente per se, & primo: & mobile per <lb></lb>ſe illud est, quod mouetur per se à mouente per se. </s> <s id="s.001747">Verum <lb></lb>eadem forma numero non est mobilis à se per se, sed per ac<lb></lb>cidens tantum, vel vt est in materia mota, vel ad motum me<lb></lb>dii, vel ad motum totius, vel à generante, vel àremouente im<lb></lb>pedimentum, quæ omnes motionum ſpecies ſunt per accidens: <lb></lb>ideo non oportet, vt eadem forma se, aut per ſe, aut primo mo<lb></lb>ueat; sed ſat est, vt forma numero eadem ſe per accidens mo<lb></lb>ueat: quatenus ſcilicet mouendo totum, & medium, & ma<lb></lb>teriam motam mouet se: hæc ad materiam.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001748"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad formam argumenti reſpondeo per inficiationem con<lb></lb>ſequentiæ primi argumenti, dum dicitur: ergo eſt eadem for<lb></lb>ma numero mouens & mota, ſi eodem modo intelligatur; infi<lb></lb>cienda eſt etiam ſecunda conſequentia, qua infertur: ergo ea<lb></lb>dem forma numero mouet ſe per se, quia non mouet ſe niſi <lb></lb>per accidens, ideo non ſequitur, eamdem à ſe moueri niſi per <lb></lb>accidens, quod fieri poſſe nemo inficias ibit: ad confirmatio<lb></lb>nem reſpondeo negando minorem vltimi argumenti, ſi abſo<lb></lb>tè intelligatur, quæ vera eſt, ſi eadem forma ſimplex ſe per ac<lb></lb>cidens moueat, & non per ſe: ex quibus nullum falſum, & <lb></lb>nullum abſurdum naſcitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001749"><emph type="italics"></emph>Democritus, qui vult, vt quod omnino ſimile eſt, quatenus <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="260" xlink:href="011/01/280.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>eſt omnino ſimile, vim in ſe agendi contineat, & mouendi vel<lb></lb>le etiam cogitur, vt omnia in ſe agant & à ſe ipſis <expan abbr="moueãtur">moueantur</expan>: <lb></lb>ſi enim ab iis, quæ penitus ſimilia ſunt, omnia patiuntur, <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> <lb></lb>à ſe ipſis patientur, & à ſe ipſis mouebuntur, & ſe ipſa moue<lb></lb>bunt; & nihil magis mouebit, quam mouebitur, nihil magis <lb></lb>aget, quam patietur. </s> <s id="s.001750">Ergo nihil omnino erit æternum, atque <lb></lb>immobile; sed necessitas coget, vt omnia intereant, & omnia <lb></lb>moueantur, vt docuit Aristoteles libro primo de ortu, & <lb></lb>interitu.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001751">Vtrum elementum ſimplex à ſe per ſe moueatur, <lb></lb>quod in ſeptimam ſecundæ partis propoſi<lb></lb>tionem conuertitur. </s> <s id="s.001752">Cap. XXII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001753">OSTENDIMVS <emph type="italics"></emph>elementum ſimplex non moueri à <lb></lb>ſe per ſe, tum quia idem eſſet agens, & patiens reſpe<lb></lb>ctu eiuſdem, tum quia Aristotelis demonstratio ſol<lb></lb>ueretur, octauo libro Phyſicorum, qua motorem omnino non <lb></lb>motum dari probat, quia ſat eſt aſcendere ad motorem, qui <lb></lb>per ſe à ſe moueatur: ſi elementa à ſe per ſe mouentur, & qui <lb></lb>per accidens moueri possit, id eſt ad motum alterius, vt ele<lb></lb>menta: dabitur ergo primus motor, vt Aristotelis demon<lb></lb>ſtratio probat, at hic, qui eſt per ſe motor, motus erit, tum à ſe <lb></lb>per ſe, tum à corpore per accidens: ſi verum eſt, quod ſepti<lb></lb>mo loco diximus: elementum ſimplex moueri à ſe per ſe, quod <lb></lb>eſt abſurdum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001754"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo. </s> <s id="s.001755">Id quod eſt ex duabus partibus <expan abbr="concretũ">concretum</expan>, poteſt <lb></lb>eſſe agens, & patiens, secundum diuerſas partes, vt id, quod <lb></lb>ex materia, & ex forma conflatur, ratione materiæ patitur, <lb></lb>& ratione formæ agit. </s> <s id="s.001756">In corporibus elementorum ſimplici-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="261" xlink:href="011/01/281.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>bus idem reſpectu eiuſdem non est agens, & patiens. </s> <s id="s.001757">Dictum <lb></lb>est enim ſupra formam mouere, vt forma est, quia eſt actu, <lb></lb>seu actus moueri, vt eſt in materia, quia eſt facultate, ideo ſim<lb></lb>plex concretum illud est totum, quod totum per <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>, agit, <lb></lb>& mouet, quatenus forma eſt in actu; & patitur, ac mouetur <lb></lb>idem totum, vel per materiam; cuius eſt pati, ac moueri, se<lb></lb>cundo de generatione particula quinquageſimatertia, vel per <lb></lb>formam, vt eſt in materia mota, à qua mota materia, forma <lb></lb>it a afficitur, at que inficitur, vt patiatur, & moueatur, quod <lb></lb>non est proprie moueri à ſe per ſe, sed per accidens, aut sal<lb></lb>tem improprià: ſententia est Auerrois libro quarto Phyſico<lb></lb>rum commentatione ſeptuageſimaprima, vbi dixit, duo eſſe <lb></lb>ea, quæ per partem moueantur: nonnulla in motorem actu, <lb></lb>& motum actu diuiduntur, vt animalia: & nonnulla eorum, <lb></lb>quæ ex ſe mouentur, <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> in motorem actu, nec in motum actu, <lb></lb>sed in motorem facultate, & in <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> facultate diuiduntur, <lb></lb>vt grauia, & leuia: diuiduntur enim in formam, quæ mouet, <lb></lb>& in materia, quæ mouetur, quia elementorum formæ, ex <lb></lb>materiæ gremio eductæ ſunt vſque adeo cum materia con<lb></lb>iunctæ, vt ab illa auelli non possint, niſi totum elementum ad <lb></lb>extremum ducatur interitum, ideo iſte formæ mouentes mo<lb></lb>uentur: quapropter dixit Auerroes libro quarto de cælo <expan abbr="cõ-mentatione">com<lb></lb>mentatione</expan> vigeſimaſecunda: motor, & motum, in ſimplici<lb></lb>bus non distinguuntur in actu; sed ſunt idem ſecundum ſubie<lb></lb>ctum, & diuerſa, ſecundum modum, quia forma, vt forma <lb></lb>est motor: & forma, vt in materia, eſt mota. </s> <s id="s.001758">Idem tertio cæ<lb></lb>li commentatione vigeſimaoctaua: quapropter non ſequitur, <lb></lb>idem <expan abbr="ſecũdum">ſecundum</expan> idem, & reſpectu eiuſdem, eſſe mouens, & mo<lb></lb>tum, agens, & patiens, ſed tantum ſecundum diuerſas par<lb></lb>tes, quod inter abſurda referri non debet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb pagenum="261" xlink:href="011/01/282.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001759"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad formam argumenti: negamus idem eſſe agens, & pa<lb></lb>tiens reſpectu eiuſdem, & reſpectu diuerſorum illud conce<lb></lb>dimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001760"><emph type="italics"></emph>Contra adhuc dubitationi derelinquitur locus, quo oſten<lb></lb>ditur, eamdem rationem moti, & mouentis eſſe in elementis: <lb></lb>ita vt ratio, quare elementa moueant, ſit à forma, & ratio, <lb></lb>quamobrem elementa moueantur, ſit à forma. </s> <s id="s.001761">Terra enim <lb></lb>deorſum naturaliter mouet, & hoc eſt à forma: quia formæ <lb></lb>eſt mouere: primo de generatione particula quinquageſima <lb></lb>tertia. </s> <s id="s.001762">Terra quoque deorſum mouetur naturaliter, & hoc <lb></lb>eſt à forma. </s> <s id="s.001763">Ergo eadem forma eſt mouens, & mota: oſten<lb></lb>do formam eſſe rationem, propter quam terra deorſum mo<lb></lb>neatur, quia materia est indifferens ad omnem motum, & <lb></lb>ſurſum, & deorſum per ſe, à forma autem inclinationem ha<lb></lb>bet ad hunc magis, quam ad illum motum: ergo forma est <lb></lb>ratio, propter quam terra non ſurſum, sed deorſum mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001764"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo. </s> <s id="s.001765">Terra ratione materiæ tantum deorſum non <lb></lb>mouetur, sed ratione materiæ ſic diſpoſitæ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001766"><emph type="italics"></emph>Contra: iſta diſpoſitio in materia non eſt niſi à forma: ergo <lb></lb>forma eſt ratio, quare materia deorſum moueatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001767"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo. </s> <s id="s.001768">Forma motum non accipit, sed materia, vt <lb></lb>formæ elementorum <expan abbr="mixtorũ">mixtorum</expan> formas non accipiunt, sed ma<lb></lb>teriam ad illas accipiendas diſponunt: ita forma motum non <lb></lb>accipit, sed materiam ad illum accipiendum diſponit: ideo <lb></lb>forma eſt <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>, quo materia per ſe mouetur ad <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> ta<lb></lb>men totius, & forma per accidens mouetur, vt ſæpe diximus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001769"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad demonſtrationem Ariſtotelis, quæ ex hac noſtra ſen<lb></lb>tentia dilueretur, reſpondeo: Aristotelis duæ ſunt demonſtra<lb></lb>tiones: altera in ſeptimo, altera in octauo Phyſicorum. </s> <s id="s.001770">De<lb></lb>monſtratio ſeptimi corpora mobilia vſque ad primum cor-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="263" xlink:href="011/01/283.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>pus mobile ducit, aſcendit enim vſque ad primum per ſe mo<lb></lb>tum, quod est cælum primum animatum tamen. </s> <s id="s.001771">Demon<lb></lb>stratio octaui, primum motum per ſe in partem per ſe mo<lb></lb>tam, & in partem per ſe mouentem in actu diſſoluit, qua viæ <lb></lb>in primum mouens immobile aſcendit; illud eſt prima intelli<lb></lb>gentia, quæ ita mouet, vt nullo modo moueatur nec per ſe, nec <lb></lb>per accidens, nec primo, nec ſecundo, nec propriè, nec impro<lb></lb>priè, nec etiam ad motum totius, nec alia motus ſpecie.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001772"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quod ſi dixeris demonſtrationem in ſeptimo <expan abbr="cœpiã">cœpiam</expan> in octa<lb></lb>uo fuiſſe abſolutam, fortaſſe non errabis, eius cauſam videas <lb></lb>apud Auerroem octauo Phyſicorum commentatione vigeſi<lb></lb>maoctaua, vigeſimaſeptima, trigeſimatertia, quadrageſimæ <lb></lb>quinta, & quarto cæli commentatione vigeſimaquinta.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001773"><emph type="italics"></emph>Contra eſt Aristoteles, qui octauo Phyſicorum particulæ <lb></lb>trigeſimaquarta in calce ait. </s> <s id="s.001774">Si ergo quicquid mouetur ab al<lb></lb>tero mouetur, quod autem primum mouet, mouetur, sed non <lb></lb>ab altero: ergo neceſſe est, vt ipſum à ſe ipſo moueatur. </s> <s id="s.001775">Non <lb></lb>ducit itaque Aristotelis demonstratio in primum motorem <lb></lb>omnino immotum, sed in <expan abbr="primũ">primum</expan> motorem immotum ab alio, <lb></lb>qui tamen à ſe mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001776"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo. </s> <s id="s.001777">Ariſtoteles de cælesti corpore eo loco agit, <lb></lb>quod eſt primum mobile, vt arridet Simplicio, & Auerroi, <lb></lb>quod mobile primum per ſe & primo mouetur, id eſt per prin<lb></lb>cipium intrinſecum, non autem per principium extrinſecum, <lb></lb>quia quicquid mouetur ab aliquo mouetur, & non à ſe: cælum <lb></lb>mouetur, ergo ab aliquo, & non à ſe, & non ab alio mouente <lb></lb>corpore, & tamen mouetur: ergo ab intrinſeco principio, quod <lb></lb>non est corpus: non enim hoc, quod primum mobile diximus, <lb></lb>eſſet primum, ſi aliud mouens eo prius in natura daretur id <lb></lb>principium intrinſecum à quo primum mobile circumfertur <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="264" xlink:href="011/01/284.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>eſt primus intellectus omni ex parte immobilis, qui nec per ſe, <lb></lb>nec per aliud, nec per ſe, nec per accidens, nec impropriè, nec <lb></lb>ad motum, aut ſui, aut alterius corporis, nec alio quouis mo<lb></lb>do mouetur: ad hanc, & non ad alium motorem agnoſcen<lb></lb>dum Aristotelis demonſtratio ducit, & non ad motorem à <lb></lb>ſe per ſe motum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001778"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quomodo Diuini intellectus, præſertim primus, ſemetipſos <lb></lb>metaphorico motu moueant, vel non: quomodo globi cæleſtes, <lb></lb>& præſertim primus á Diuino intellectu perindeac ab intrin<lb></lb>ſeco principio, vel efformante, vel assistente moueatur, alias <lb></lb>(Deo dante) diſputabimus: nunc hæc dixiſſe ſat est.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001779">Vtrum forma elementi per ſe materiam moueat, <lb></lb>& octauam ſecundæ partis propoſitionem <lb></lb>reſpicit. </s> <s id="s.001780">Caput XXIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001781">OSTENDO <emph type="italics"></emph>formam elementi non poſſe mouere ma<lb></lb>teriam; ſi hæc forma ſuam materiam moueret, ele<lb></lb>menta per ſpacium inane mouerentur, quia mouenti <lb></lb>formæ materia mota intrinſecè reſiſteret, quod fieri <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> poſſe, <lb></lb>ex his, quæ ſupra demonſtrauimus, notius eſt, quam vt noua <lb></lb>demonstratione indigeat: elementa enim in <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> per ſe actu <lb></lb>motam, & in partem per ſe actu mouentem non diuiduntur, <lb></lb>vt animalia: ideo per medium inane non aguntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001782"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondeo negando argumentum, quia cum materia ſit <lb></lb>pura facultas elementorum formis mouentibus non reſistit, <lb></lb>quapropter animalia tum in pleno, tum in vacuo à ſe ipſis <lb></lb>mouentur; idque illis ratione intrinſecæ reſistentiæ accidit: <lb></lb>vtrum elementa per inane ſpacium (ſi illud datur) moueri <lb></lb>nequeunt, quoniam medium, quod elemento reſiſtat, in vacuo <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="265" xlink:href="011/01/285.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>deſideratur, & intrinſecè nihil eſt, quod reſistere valeat, vt <lb></lb>ſupra probauimus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001783">Vtrum elementa ſe per ſe, & primo mouere poſ<lb></lb>ſint, quod ex nona ſecundæ partis propoſi<lb></lb>tione pendet. </s> <s id="s.001784">Cap. XXIIII.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001785">VNIVERSA <emph type="italics"></emph>Philoſophia hoc nouum dictum fundi<lb></lb>tus euertit, cuius axioma ab omnibus datum eſt. </s> <s id="s.001786">Ni<lb></lb>hil idem ſe primo mouere poſſe: nam ſi quid ſe primo <lb></lb>moueret, idem primo eſſet actu, & facultate: idque ratione <lb></lb>ſui ipſius: cum idem ſit mouens, & <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan> primo, quod non tam <lb></lb><expan abbr="falſissimũ">falſissimum</expan>, quam <expan abbr="abſurdissimũ">abſurdissimum</expan> vno <expan abbr="omniũ">omnium</expan> conſenſu creditur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001787"><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſpondemus, & his quæ ſupra ſæpenumero repetita ſue<lb></lb>runt addimus: in quolibet motu primo aliud eſſe id, quod pri<lb></lb>mo mouet, et aliud eſſe id, quod primo mouetur: Aliud eſſe id <lb></lb>quod primo mouet, & aliud eſſe id, quo primo mouetur par<lb></lb>titio ex Ariſtotele libro octauo Phyſicorum particula trige<lb></lb>ſimaſeptima colligi poteſt. </s> <s id="s.001788">Forma elementi ea non eſt, quæ pri<lb></lb>mo moueatur; sed ea eſt, qua elementum primo mouetur, & <lb></lb>elementum <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> eſt id, quo, sed quod mouetur: ideo non eſt idem <lb></lb>mouens, & motum eodem modo, sed modo ac ratione diuer<lb></lb>ſa, quod ſat est, vt primum mobile, quod est primum cælum, <lb></lb>illud est, quod primo mouetur, & non principium primum <lb></lb>quo: verum mens Diuina, quæ est primus intellectus Diui<lb></lb>nus, est primum principium, quo primum cælum primo mo<lb></lb>uetur, & non quod: ergo idem, & eodem modo mouens, & <lb></lb>motum: inficienda conſequentia est, cum primum cælum pri<lb></lb>mo moueatur, & primus intellectus primo moueat: ergo idem <lb></lb>actu & facultate infirmandum est argumentum, quia pri-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="266" xlink:href="011/01/286.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>mum cælum, quod primo mouetur, facultatem habet ad mo<lb></lb>tum, & primus intellectus, qui primo mouet, est in actu, nec <lb></lb>idem eodem modo mouet, & mouetur: nam intellectus pri<lb></lb>mus est principium primum quo, & non quod cælum pri<lb></lb>mum primo mouetur; & cælum non eſt quo, sed quod à pri<lb></lb>ma intelligentia primo mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001789"><emph type="italics"></emph>Si in primo, in quo tanta est partium vnio, quanta nec ma<lb></lb>ior, nec par excogitari potest, motor primus à primo moto di<lb></lb>ſtinguitur: multo etiam magis in elementis, in quibus minor <lb></lb>est vnio, erit primus motor à primo moto deſtinctus, quod ſuf<lb></lb>ficit ad hoc vt nihil omnibus modis idem ſit actu, & facultate.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001790">Demonſtratio, quam Ariſtoteles libro ſeptimo <lb></lb>Phyſicorum literis conſignauit, ad veritatis <lb></lb>trutinam expenditur. </s> <s id="s.001791">Cap. XXV.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001792">ARISTOTELIS <emph type="italics"></emph>demonſtrationem in ſeptimo Phy<lb></lb>ſicorum ſcriptam diligentius examinandam duximus, <lb></lb>quod noſtra <expan abbr="ſentẽtia">ſententia</expan> ab ea tota pendere videatur, ideo <lb></lb>quo maioribus, ac melioribus propugnaculis <expan abbr="cõmunita">communita</expan> fuerit, <lb></lb>eo ſtabilioribus <expan abbr="fũdamẽtis">fundamentis</expan> opinio nostra initetur, ac fulcietur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001793"><emph type="italics"></emph>Alexander ergo, Themiſtius, Galenus, & Auicenna, & <lb></lb>ante eos Eudemus Rhodius hanc <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> vitioſam eſſe <lb></lb>crediderunt, & primo Alexander, atque Galenus concordes <lb></lb>à prima hypotheſi, ad id, quod ei aduerſatur, Ariſtotelem <lb></lb>deflexiſſe putauerunt: nam totum primo moueri eſt poſitum, <lb></lb>partem deinde quieſcere, quod cum ſuperiore hypotheſi stare <lb></lb>non poteſt: nam ſi totum moueretur, & quælibet pars totius <lb></lb>cum moto toto mouebitur, alioquin totum, quod totum moue<lb></lb>ri poſitum eſt, non totum, sed ſecundum aliquas partes tan-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="267" xlink:href="011/01/287.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tum mouebitur, ſi pars quieſcit: ergo totum non mouetur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001794">Vitioſa eſt ergo Ariſtotelis demonſtratio.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001795"><emph type="italics"></emph>Galenus alia <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> nomine <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan> <expan abbr="demõstrationem">demonstrationem</expan> ratus eſt <lb></lb>poſſe labefactari: hoc <expan abbr="nimirũ">nimirum</expan>, quod <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> primo moueri valeat, <lb></lb><expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> parte aliqua ipſius quieſcente, motu certè partis alterius, <lb></lb>qua ratione altera <expan abbr="quieſcẽte">quieſcente</expan> parte toti inerit motus; ratione <lb></lb>ſcilicet partis alterius, quæ mouetur, dum altera quieſcit; quo <lb></lb>circa <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſequitur quieſcere <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> cum pars eius mota <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fuerit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001796"><emph type="italics"></emph>Alexander addidit, Ariſtotèlem id petiiſſe, quod erat in <lb></lb>principio: poſito enim aliquid à ſemetipſo moueri, Aristoteli <lb></lb>demonſtrandum erat, & non ponendum illius partem, quod <lb></lb>primo moueretur, quieſcere: hæc ſunt, quæ aduerſus Ari<lb></lb>stotelis demonſtrationes adducuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001797"><emph type="italics"></emph>Adprimum, in quod Alexander cum Galeno conuenit, <lb></lb>hac ratione reſpondendum cenſeo: duobus modis aliquid mo<lb></lb>ueri poſſe dictum est ſupra, quos modos ex Ariſtotele ab ini<lb></lb>tio libri quinti Phyſicorum didicimus. </s> <s id="s.001798">Alter illæ est, quo to<lb></lb>tum per ſe mouetur: alter vero, quo totum mouetur per acci<lb></lb>dens. </s> <s id="s.001799">Quod per accidens cietur, vel ideo per accidens cieri di<lb></lb>citur: quia ineſt alicui, quod per ſe mouetur, ad cuius per ſe <lb></lb>motum, & ipſum per accidens mouetur: vel cauſa partis mo<lb></lb>tæ, & totum concitatur, quæ cauſa partis motæ mouentur, <lb></lb>non omnino per accidens mouentur, vt non omnino per acci<lb></lb>dens & partes concitantur, dum totum concitatur; ad cuius <lb></lb>concitationem & partes ipſæ concitantur, vt videre est apud <lb></lb>Ariſtotelem, Themiſtium, Simplicium, & Auerroem, & <lb></lb>cæteros eiuſdem classis probatissimos Philoſophos ſexto Phy<lb></lb>ſicorum particula octuageſimaſexta, & alibi: id quod cum <lb></lb>Alexander, & Galenus agnouiſſent, rati ſunt hunc motum <lb></lb>ineſſe mobili per ſe, & primo: qui tamen mobili non ineſt niſi <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="268" xlink:href="011/01/288.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>per accidens; sed non omnino: dica autem non omnino, quia <lb></lb>in continuo motus ratione partis aliquo modo inest per ſe, li<lb></lb>cet non primo, atque id eſt, quod <expan abbr="Alexãdro">Alexandro</expan>, & Galeno erran <lb></lb>di anſam præſtitit; rati ſunt enim idem eſſe hoc loco per ſe, & <lb></lb>primo, cum eo, quod est per ſe, & non primo, id est per par<lb></lb>tem moueri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001800"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nunc ad Ariſtotelem redeuntes dicimus. </s> <s id="s.001801">Ariſtotelem <lb></lb>non negare, quin hoc modo etiam moueri quippiam dici poſ<lb></lb>ſit per ſe, quoad videlicet aliquid mouetur cauſa partis, quod <lb></lb>non eſt omnino per accidens, vti diximus, sed per ſe primo, ni<lb></lb>hil est, quod cauſa partis moueatur: quo circa ſi totum moue<lb></lb>ri primo dicatur, vt Ariſtoteles poſuit, neceſſariò ſequitur, <lb></lb>vt parte aliqua non mota per ſe primo, sed quieſcente, totum <lb></lb>quoque quieſcat: sed contingere potest, vt totum primo vaca<lb></lb>re motione ſentiamus, dum illud idem totum non primo, sed <lb></lb>per partem quod eo modo eſt per accidens, quem ſupra enar<lb></lb>rauimus, moueatur. </s> <s id="s.001802">Hinc fit, vt Ariſtoteles primo loco to<lb></lb>tum primo moueri poſuerit: deinde verò ſecundo loco partem <lb></lb>eiuſdem quieſcere, sed non primo: dum ſcilicet illud totum pri<lb></lb>mo quieſcit, & ratione alterius partis motæ mouetur per ac<lb></lb>cidens, sed non omnino, immo aliquo modo per ſe, licet non pri<lb></lb>mo: qua ratione fit, vt ab hypotheſi non ad id, quod ei aduerſa<lb></lb>tur, sed ad id, quod <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> hypotheſi, quam optimè <expan abbr="cõuenit">conuenit</expan>, Ari<lb></lb>ſtoteles deflexerit: nam totum primo moueri, & illius pars <lb></lb>quieſcere poteſt, vt declarauimus, non alio modo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001803"><emph type="italics"></emph>Ad id, quod Galeni proprium eſſe diximus, ex his reſpon<lb></lb>dendum eſt, fieri nulla ratione poſſe, vt totum primo mouea<lb></lb>tur alter a quieſcente parte ad motum alterius partis motæ, at <lb></lb>non inficias imus; totum per partem, quod eſt per accidens sed <lb></lb>non omnino moueri poſſe, dum alter a pars manet immota,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="269" xlink:href="011/01/289.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>quo circa Aristoteles (vt ſui moris est) artificiosè colligit, <lb></lb>quieſcere totum primo, cum pars eius mota non fuerit primo:<lb></lb>licet id non ſequatur; ſi de eo motu tantum argumentum in<lb></lb>telligatur, qui eſt per partem: totum enim moueri altera to<lb></lb>tius parte quieſcente continget ſed non primo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001804"><emph type="italics"></emph>Abſolutis argumentis quæ Alexandro cum Galeno com<lb></lb>munia eſſe videbantur, sed ea quæ propria eſſe Alexandri <lb></lb>creduntur, abſoluenda pari diligentia deſcendendum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001805"><emph type="italics"></emph>Alexander ergo hanc Aristotelis demonſtrationem re<lb></lb>prehendit, vt quæ id ſibi dari poſtulet, quod erat in principio: <lb></lb>etenim ex hoc, quod pars non mouetur <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> per ſe primo non <lb></lb>moueri colligat, qui enim partem quieſcere possit eo ipſo, & <lb></lb>totum ipſum primo quieſcere, & primo non moueri ponit: at <lb></lb>erat Ariſtoteli demonſtrandum, & non ponendum illius par<lb></lb>tem, quod mouetur, quieſcere.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001806"><emph type="italics"></emph>Cui reſpondemus, ac vt rem ipſam acu (vt in prouerbio <lb></lb>fertur) attingamus, meminiſſe oportet: id ipſum, quod à <lb></lb>ſe ipſo mouetur, quoad videlicet mouetur, habere partes in <lb></lb>quas diuidi potest; at id quod conflatum eſt ex partibus, non <lb></lb>neceſſariò quieſcit, & mouetur primo, sed moueri, & quie<lb></lb>ſcere potest tum primo, tum cauſa partis, quod per ac<lb></lb>cidens eſſe & non omnino, non ſemel dictum est ſupra: <lb></lb>non apparet autem continuum ex partibus conflatum moue<lb></lb>ri cauſa partis, niſi ipſum cauſa partis prius quieſcere con<lb></lb>ceſſum fuerit: continuum autem ratione partis quieſcen<lb></lb>tis poſſe quieſcere, ab Aristotele demonſtratum est ex op<lb></lb>poſito, quod est euidentius. </s> <s id="s.001807">Si enim (inquit) id, quod ab ali<lb></lb>quo mouetur, eo quod aliud quieſcat, quieſcere neceſſe non eſt, <lb></lb>id quod alio quieſcente quieſcit, ab alio mouetur, ab eo certè, <lb></lb>ad cuius quietem quieſcit: & ex hoc Aristoteles concludit,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="270" xlink:href="011/01/290.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>totum continuum ex diuerſis partibus conflatum cauſa mota <lb></lb>partis moueri, & quamquam ſecus cuique parti status acci<lb></lb>dit, & <expan abbr="quamquã">quamquam</expan> ſecus cuique parti motus accidit; non tamen <lb></lb>illico ſequitur, quietem, & motam vni parti accidentem al<lb></lb>teri parti accidere, aut toti: ergo totum, quod ratione partis, <lb></lb>mouetur, non ratione eiuſdem partis primo, aut quieſcit, aut <lb></lb>primo mouetur neceſſariò: nam quod primo alicui ineſt, id <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ratione alterius ineſſe dicitur; sed vi, natura, rationeque ſua <lb></lb>propria. </s> <s id="s.001808">Cum itaque quies partis vnius, nec neceſſario ſit quies <lb></lb>partis alterius, nec totius, non illico ſequi dicendum, totum eo <lb></lb>ipſo, quod pars quieſcat, quieſcere.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001809"><emph type="italics"></emph>Animaduertendum tamen est, <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan> eſſe id, quod ſupra <lb></lb>non raro diximus, <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> animal per partem moueri diſtinctum <lb></lb>ab eo, quod mouetur, id eſt per <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan>; & totum <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan> ſuſ <lb></lb>que, deque concitari per <expan abbr="partē">partem</expan> <expan abbr="distinctã">distinctam</expan>, id est per formam; <lb></lb>at nunc per <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> alio, atque alio modo vſurpamus: ſemel, vt <lb></lb>totum <expan abbr="hominē">hominem</expan> per <expan abbr="partē">partem</expan> ſanari dicimus, cuius tamen non niſi <lb></lb>aut manus, aut pes ſanatur, id eſt ſanari per accidens: ſecun<lb></lb>do autem, vt <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> ab intrinſeca forma per partem mouetur, <lb></lb>id est moueri non tantum per ſe, sed etiam primo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001810"><emph type="italics"></emph>Nunc ad <expan abbr="Alexandrū">Alexandrum</expan>, & ad Ariſtotelem reuertimur, ac <lb></lb>dicimus: falſum eſſe id, quod Alexander conſtantissimè aſſe<lb></lb>ruit ex hoc, quod pars non moueatur, ſequi totum primo non <lb></lb>moueri, & à quo illud prius poſitum fuerit, & hoc poſterius po<lb></lb><expan abbr="ſitũ">ſitum</expan> erit: propterea quod quies vnius partis non neceſſariò ſit <lb></lb>quies, aut alterius partis, aut totius: ideo Ariſtoteles, qui ex <lb></lb>hoc quod pars non moueatur, totum per ſe primo non moueri <lb></lb>colligit, id non petit, quod er at in principio; quia, qui partem <lb></lb>quieſcere ponit, totum quieſcere primo, illudque primo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> mo<lb></lb>ueri, non neceſſariò ponit; quamquam id contingere potest.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="271" xlink:href="011/01/291.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>Reprehendendus est ergo Alexander, qui Aristotelem in<lb></lb>dignum qui reprehendatur, reprehendendum eſt ratus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001811"><emph type="italics"></emph>Auicenna rebatur hanc Aristotelis <expan abbr="demonſtrationẽ">demonſtrationem</expan> pec<lb></lb>care in materia: quippe quæ vel generatim concludit, omne <lb></lb>quod mouetur ab alio deſtincto moueri, vel particulariter: ſi <lb></lb>particulariter, ergo non omne, quod mouetur, ab alio diſtincto <lb></lb>mouente mouetur, sed aliquod <expan abbr="tantũ">tantum</expan>: ſi generaliter, ergo om<lb></lb>nes propoſitiones, ex quibus <expan abbr="cõcluſio">concluſio</expan> naſcitur, futuræ ſunt vni<lb></lb>uerſales: <expan abbr="quoniã">quoniam</expan> vniuerſalis concluſio non niſi ab vniuerſalibus <lb></lb>propoſitionibus gignitur: at non ſunt vniuerſales omnes propo<lb></lb>ſitiones. </s> <s id="s.001812">Ergo nec concluſio futura est vniuerſalis: minor pro<lb></lb>batur, ait enim Ariſtoteles, parte altera quieſcente <expan abbr="totũ">totum</expan> quie <lb></lb>ſcit, id quod probatur ex ſexto libro Phyſicorum: omne, quod <lb></lb>mouetur, eſt corpus <expan abbr="continuũ">continuum</expan>, & in omnes partes diuiduum, id <lb></lb>non est vniuerſaliter <expan abbr="verũ">verum</expan>, quia cælum mouetur, quod tamen <lb></lb>est indiuiduum: ſi enim eſſet <expan abbr="diuiduũ">diuiduum</expan>, particeps eſſet diuiduæ <lb></lb>materiæ; quæ <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> cauſa ſit interitus illius, in quo eſt, <expan abbr="cælū">cælum</expan> inte<lb></lb>ritui <expan abbr="obnoxiũ">obnoxium</expan> eſſet, cui reclamat Peripatetica schola. </s> <s id="s.001813">Vitio<lb></lb>ſam ergo eſſe Ariſtotelis <expan abbr="demonſtrationē">demonſtrationem</expan> ratus eſt <expan abbr="Auicẽna">Auicenna</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001814"><emph type="italics"></emph>Auerroes, qui in Aristotelem erroris notam, nec leuissi<lb></lb>mam illam quidem, ab alio quouis inuri non patitur, sed eun<lb></lb>dem ab omni iniuria numquam non vindicat, ne in hac parte <lb></lb>ab eodem indefenſus relinquatur, hæc Auicennæ argumenta <lb></lb>explicare nititur, & ait. </s> <s id="s.001815">Cælum non vna tantum ratione, sed <lb></lb>duabus, iisdemque diuerſis conſiderari poteſt: primo modo vt <lb></lb>cælum: ſecundo modo vt corpus: cælum vt cælum quieſcere <expan abbr="nō">non</expan> <lb></lb>poteſt, nec eſt diuiduum, sed cælum vt corpus quieſcere poteſt, <lb></lb>& est diuiduum, & cælo vt corpus eſt, cætera omnia aſcribun<lb></lb>tur, quæ corpori vt corpus eſt, <expan abbr="dãtur">dantur</expan>: eſt enim corpus quia cor<lb></lb>pus demenſionibus ſubiectum. </s> <s id="s.001816">Ergo & cælum quia corpus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb pagenum="272" xlink:href="011/01/292.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>At cælum vt cælum, nec dimenſionibus, nec ortui, nec inte<lb></lb>ritui ſubiicitur; perindeac Socrati, vt animal eſt, multa <expan abbr="insũt">insunt</expan>, <lb></lb>quæ non inſunt ei, vt homo est, & Socrates: habet enim So<lb></lb>crates vim ſentiendi, ratione, qua animal, non <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan> ratione, <lb></lb>qua homo: ita & cælum ratione, qua corpus non pauca habe <lb></lb>re videtur, quæ de eodem vt cælum nulla ratione dicuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001817"><emph type="italics"></emph>Vniuerſalis ergo Ariſtotelis demonstratio, ex vniuerſali<lb></lb>bus propoſitionibus conflatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001818"><emph type="italics"></emph>His hanc quæstionem abſoluimus, in qua diuertiſſe ab re <lb></lb>fortaſſe non fuit: vulgatum propter illorum <expan abbr="errorẽ">errorem</expan>, qui hiſce <lb></lb>de rebus minus rectè <expan abbr="ſenſerũt">ſenſerunt</expan>. </s> <s id="s.001819">Si cui hæ noſtræ diſputatio<lb></lb>nes, vltra <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ſatis eſt, processiſſe <expan abbr="videãtur">videantur</expan>, meminiſſe opor<lb></lb>tet, <expan abbr="diſputationẽ">diſputationem</expan> <expan abbr="longã">longam</expan> non eſſe, in qua, quam <expan abbr="quā">quam</expan> multa, ne<lb></lb>ceſſaria <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> dicantur: vt illa breuis non eſt, in qua, licet pau<lb></lb>ca, ſuperuacua tamen referuntur, & nos hæc grauissima, il<lb></lb>la quidem maximeque vtilia, atque difficilia neque propter <lb></lb>occupatos homines, neque propter delicatos diſputauiſſe; sed <lb></lb>propter eos, qui ſunt amore philoſophiæ accenſi, illius que ar<lb></lb>dore flagrant, qui ſeſe in literis ab diderunt, & omne ſtudium <lb></lb>veritatis indagationi dicarunt: his certè nulla diſceptatio lon<lb></lb>ga videri possit, quæ de rebus maximis, & vtilibus, & ad co<lb></lb>gnitionem pulcherrimis habeatur, quantumuis plura diſpu<lb></lb>tentur: & nulla breuis in qua præter paucula verba, vt ſcopæ <lb></lb>diſſolutæ, nihil aliud inueniatur. </s> <s id="s.001820">Valete ergo candidissimi <lb></lb>lectores, & Borrium veſtrum vobis omnibus deditissi<lb></lb>mum hiſce de rebus, abditissimis illis quidem pro <lb></lb>ſuo captu, ac modulo diſputantem, <lb></lb>vt par eſt; amate.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001821"><emph type="italics"></emph>FINIS.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/293.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> </chap> <chap> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001822">INDEX SECVNDVM CAPITA <lb></lb>EORVM, QVAE TOTO OPERE <lb></lb>CONTINENTVR.</s> </p> </subchap1> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001823">INDEX PRIMAE PARTIS. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001824">Caput I. <lb></lb>Q<emph type="italics"></emph>vaestio de motu grauium, & leuium obſcura <lb></lb>admodum, neceſſaria tamen in philoſophia<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1. <lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Motu <expan abbr="grauiũ">grauium</expan>, & leuium ignorato, ignoratur natura<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1. <lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>De principio motus elementorum Antifontis, ac <expan abbr="alierũ">aliorum</expan> <lb></lb> variæ opiniones.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2. <lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Opinionum diſſenſio præſefert difficultatem de motu<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 2. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus non firma natura vnde nec ſcitu facilis, quare <lb></lb> vt in aliis abſtruſis ſat erit ſi ne redargutto facilis ſit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 3. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001825">Caput II.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>De ordine neceſſario rerum tractandarum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 3. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ordo veritati confert in profundo demerſæ, & eſt ratio ſcientiarum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 3. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Morionis inconueniens ob ignorantiam ordinis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ordo reſolutiuus in rebus inueniendis vſurpatur, ſeruatur tamen in tracta<lb></lb>tione compoſitiuus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtoteles plerumque compoſitiua, & reſolutiua methodo vtitur, plate <lb></lb>verò diuiſiua.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>De ordinibus rerum tractandarum egit Plate in Alcibiade.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001826">Caput III.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Diſputatio de motu grauium & leuium elementorum præcipuè cum antiquis <lb></lb>habenda eſt, omissis recentioribus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Platonis ſententia in hac re exponenda tum Ariſtoteles de quibus à Platone <lb></lb>prius diſputet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Plato multa de moribus magis copiosè.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Auerrois laus, & in digressionibus cum antiquis conferendus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 5. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001827">Caput IIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Diuiſio huius operis in ſuas partes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Aequiuoca, ac ambigua nomina prius diſtinguenda ſunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Argumentorum nexus ſi non aliter ſaltem vt Gordianus nodus gladio ſol<lb></lb>uendus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 6. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Philoſophi non veri quomodo habendi ſint.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Dei in hac tractatione inuocatio.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Prima principia Philoſophiæ prius aperienda.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7. </s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/294.jpg"></pb> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001828">Caput V.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Pars prima huius operis circa voces verſatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa ſunt materia huius tractationis. </s> <s id="s.001829">Ideo ea eſſe ponuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quæſtio ſi eſt ſubiecti non inquirenda cum ſubiectum a proprio artifice non <lb></lb>demonſtretur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementi definitio confert ad definitionem motus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 7. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001830">Caput VI.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Definitio elementi illuſtratur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementi definitio accipitur ex quinto ſapientiæ & ex tertio cæli.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Cælum eſt corpus, non tamen vere elementum nuncupari debet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Priuatio noneſt elementum, & quomodo differat a materia exponitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa non diſſoluuntur in corpora priora, & ſunt corpora vndequaque <lb></lb>ſimilia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 8. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Materia prima non eſt verè elementum nec materia propinqua<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 9. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa non ſunt penitus ſimplicia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 9. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Tranſmutatio aperit nobis elementa eſſe compoſita.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 9. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Anaxagoræ & Democriti principia non ſunt elementa.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 9. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Graue & leue ſunt rationes quibus conſiderantur elementa in hoc libro.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 10. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001831">Caput VII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>De numera elementorum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 10. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Numerus elementorum ex motu recta inueſtigatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 10. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Tranſmutatio non ſeruaretur ſi eſſet vnum tantum elementum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 10. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementum vnum ſi contrarias haberet qualitates etiam in eo eſſent ſub<lb></lb>ſtantiæ diuerſæ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 11. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Hippocrates & Galenus probant elementum non eſſe vnum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 11. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Qualitates quatuor indicant quatuor eſſe elementa nec plura, nec pauciora; <lb></lb>non eſſe autem infinita motus recti finiti.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 11. 12. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus circularis prior recto.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 12. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Cælum <expan abbr="numquã">numquam</expan> ad <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan> mouetur, ſemper tamen in fine, elementa è contra.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 12. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa quæ non mouentur vel impedita ſunt extra proprium locum, vel <lb></lb>proprio loco quieſcunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 12. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Natura eſt principium non ſolum motus, ſed quietis in elementis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 13. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Linea recta, ſuper quam fiunt motus recti, eſt infra lunam.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 13. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa neceſſario grauia vel. </s> <s id="s.001832">leuia vel abſolutè aut comparatè.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 13. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Natura ab extremo ad alterum per media proficiſcitur Auerroes ſecundo <lb></lb>de Anima.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 13. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001833">Caput VIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa propria natura ac vi ad locum moueri oſtenditur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 14. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motum elementorum non cognouerunt Philoſophi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 14. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Elemẽta">Elementa</expan> naturali motu moueri probat. </s> <s id="s.001834">ex difinitione natura, et ex quiete.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 15. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Natura odit infinitum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 16. </s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/295.jpg"></pb> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001835">Caput IX.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Empedoclis opinio confutatur de immobilitate terræ ob cali conuerſionem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 16. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Terra ſua natura non eſt mobilis in proprio loco; vt corpus naturale habes <lb></lb>motum naturalem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 17. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001836">Caput X.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Democriti corpuſcula non temerè moueri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 17. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Corpora indiuiſibilia ſi violenter mouentur habent etiam motum natura<lb></lb>lem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 17. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Violentum quid ſit ex primo cæli; & quinto de generatione animalium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 17. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus naturalis præcedit violentum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 18. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001837">Caput XI.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Platonis & Hermetis & Orphei ſententia de elementis ante mundi genera<lb></lb>tionem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 18. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Poſterius non eſt ſine ſuo priori.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 18. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Naturalis motus habet ortum ab vno principio ordinato.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 19. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ordinis cauſa eſt natura octauo phyſicorum; & ordo eſt forma mundi vt ha<lb></lb>betur ab Alexandro ſecundo loco quæſtionum naturalium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 19. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001838">Caput XII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Anaxagoræ opinio de genitura mundi, & quomodo mens latitantia edu<lb></lb> cebat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 19. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Theophraſtus huius videtur <expan abbr="ſentẽtiæ">ſententiæ</expan> <expan abbr="vnũquodque">vnunquodque</expan> ſegregari ex <expan abbr="vnoquoq.">vnoquoque</expan><emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 20. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Oculi quorundam flammas emittere ſcribit Theophaſtusſtus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 20. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Megetius medicus Iſchiadis dolorem curauit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 20. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Anaxagoræ opinio refellitur ex quiete ipſa.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 20. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Grauia natura in centro, leuia ſub cælo quieſcunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 20. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Vera opinio de motu grauium & leuium est ſententia Ariſtotelis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 21. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001839">Caput XIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Parmenidis opinio perpenditur de cauſa mouente, ac de ideis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 21. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Parmenides petit <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> quia accipit vt <expan abbr="notũ">notum</expan> quod eſt demonstrabile.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 21. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Omnia eſſe vnum quod dicebat Parmenides eſt falſum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 22. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Vnitas eſt tranſcendens entis, & ſuſtinet multitudinem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 22. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Parmenides ponit ſpacium inane, contrarium Ariſtoteles.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 22. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementum quodlibet habet motum naturalem, & huius motus est princi<lb></lb>pium indagandum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 22. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Efficiens principium motus naturalis indagandum, quod non ſatis explicuit <lb></lb>plato in phedone.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 22. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Eſſe & moueri ab vna & eadem cauſa profiſcuntur <expan abbr="ſecũdum">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="Platonẽ">Platonem</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 22. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ideæ ſi eſſent cauſa motus res ipſe ſemper cierentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 23. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Præter ideas apparet aliud principium motus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 23. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001840">Caput XIIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Refelluntur opiniones illorum qui aſſerebant materiam eſſe <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan> motus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 23. <pb xlink:href="011/01/296.jpg"></pb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Materia & cauſa efficiens in visum non conſpirant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 23. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Tales non poſuit aquam vt principium mouens, neo Empedocles quatuor ele<lb></lb>menta.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 23. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Anaxagoras laudatur tertio de anima, qui præter materiam poſuit cauſam <lb></lb>efficientem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 24. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Democritus, & Leucippus poſuerunt caſum, & fortunam efficientem <lb></lb>cauſas.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 24. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Forma est quid optimum primo phyſicorum & plato in Thimæo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 24. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Qualitates ſunt inſtrumenta agendi, ac instrumenta non agunt fine principa<lb></lb>li cauſa, vnde Democritus culpatur ſecundo de Anima.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 24. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motor efficiens proximus quæritur de motu elementorum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 24. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Violentia nihil patitur quin prius natura concitetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 24. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus localis est primus aliorum motuum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 25. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001841">Caput XV.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Corpora omnia, quæ rectè mouentur, ſunt vel grauia vel leuia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 25. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Corpus non graue ſi deorſum moueretur, infinitè velocius cieretur corpore <lb></lb>graui.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 26. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001842">Caput XVI.<lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Antiqui philoſophi decepti fuerunt in explicatione metus & quietis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 26. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Naturæ definitio non tantum per motum, ſed per quietem manifeſtatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 27. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus est propter quietem vt propter finem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 27. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Zeno, parmenides, & Meliſſus motum auferentes magis peccant quam aufe<lb></lb>rentes quietem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 27. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Dimittere ſenſum est imbecillitas intellectus, cum non omnia rationem po<lb></lb>ſtulent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 27. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Scientia ſpeculatiua ſunt tres partes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 27. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Metaphyſica non prorſus ſeiungit à motu.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 28. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Vniuerſum duo tantum conſtituunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 28. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motum auferentes è medio, tollunt etiam artes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 28. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Senſus confert ad veritatem principiorum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 28. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Anaxagoræ, & Empedoclis falſa opinio quod omnia quandoque monean<lb></lb>tur, quandoque quieſcant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 28. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagoras cælum quieſcere, terram moueri aſſerebat, confutatur ab Ariſto<lb></lb>tele.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001843">Caput XVII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Definitio grauis, et lexis difficilis admodum, & quæ ſit cauſa difficultatis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 29. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Definitio eſt principium demonſtratiuam, & quomòdo inuenienda.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 29. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>In definitione grauium & leuium explicanda non eſt exordiendum ab actio<lb></lb>nibus, cum illis non ſint impoſita nomina.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 29. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Grauitatis & leuitatis actiones forte ſunt inclinatio pondus ac <expan abbr="momentũ">momentum</expan><emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 30. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001844">Caput XVIII.<pb xlink:href="011/01/297.jpg"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>Graue & leue quomodo à platone definiuntur, & quo pasto ex illius dictis cor<lb></lb> pora ex figuris conflentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 30. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Graue eſt illud, ſecundum platonem, quod ex pluribus partibus eiusdem ge<lb></lb> neris conſtat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 30. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Graue, et leue definitur ab Ariſtotele ex locorum interuallis, ſuperum & in <lb></lb>ferum non ſunt in cælo ſecundum platonem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 31. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Alcinous docet cur interualla non conferant ad definitionem grauis, & le<lb></lb>uis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 31. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Corpora prima ex primis figuris definiuntur à platone, & prima figurarum <lb></lb>eſt circularis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 31. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Thimæus Pythagoricus elementa ex figuris triangalaribus eſſe aſſerit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 31. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001845">Caput XIX.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Definitio grauis & leuis ſecundum Platonem reiicitur, nec corpora ex figuris, <lb></lb> nec ex numeris constare oſtenditur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 32. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagorici corporum naturalium principia faciunt mathematica, quæ opi<lb></lb>nio exploditur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 32. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Linea non eſt ex punctis, & in infinitum diuiditur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 32. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa ſunt duorum generum, mistionis, & compoſitionis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 33. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Compoſitionis elementa ſeruant integram naturam, non tamen elementa mi <lb></lb>stionis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 33. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Figuræ ſunt principia compoſitionis non mistionis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 33. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa astu ſeruantur in misto non tamen integra.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 34. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa non ſunt ex figuris, cum figuræ non ſint nec graues, nec leues.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 34. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Pythagoræ incommoda dum ponunt numeros rerum principia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 35. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001846">Caput XX.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ratio redditur cur Philoſophi quidam vt Anaximander, Anaximenes, De<lb></lb> mocritus non ſint confutandi, cum omnes mundum in finitum ponant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 37. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Grauia & leuia cur antiqui ex locorum interuallis definire non possint, cum <lb></lb>admittant infinitum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 36. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001847">Caput XXI.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Democriti, & Epicuri propria quædam de grauibus, & leuibus interimun<lb></lb>tur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 36. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Iuxta Democriti ſententiam omnia eſſent grauia, cum athomi omnes ſint <lb></lb>eiuſdem naturæ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 37. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Natura repugnantiam in vno non patitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 38. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Democriti opinio, quòd vacuum leuitatem efficiat, reiicitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 38. 39. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001848">Caput XXII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Empedocles nullam grauitatis naturam cognouit, ac leuitatis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 39. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Opiniones antiquæ cum difficultate <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> rationibus adhibitis euertuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 39. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Empedocles quomodo introducat generationem, & quit cauſa grauitatis & <lb></lb>leuitatis, euertit tamen generationem rerum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 39.40. </s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/298.jpg"></pb> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001849">Caput XXIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Grauia & leuia quomodo ab Ariſtotele definiantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 40. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Mundus habet extremum & medium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 40. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001850">Caput XXIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>In definitione grauium & leuium platonis & altorum error ostenditur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 41. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Omne corpus infra cælum eſſe graue platonici putarunt, quamuis ſimplici<lb></lb> ter graue & leue omiſerint.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 41. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Platonis opinio confutatur, <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan> ignis non aſcendat ob paucitatem <expan abbr="partiũ">partium</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 42. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa tria ſuperiora ex iiſdem ſunt triangulis ſecundum Platonem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 42. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001851">Caput XXV.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Soluuntur platonis argumenta de graui & leui.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 42. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Cælum non habet poſitionem contrariam aiebat plato, quia rotundum <expan abbr="cõtrarium">contra<lb></lb>rium</expan> deducit Ariſtoteles.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 42.43. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Medium & extremum ſunt poſitiones contrariæ in mundo, & loca contra<lb></lb>ria indicant naturæ contrariæ elementorum & motus contrarij.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 43. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001852">Caput XXVI.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Platonis & Aristotelis concilium de definitione grauium & leuium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 43. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Denſitæ cum grauitate cum leuitate raritas quarto phiſi. </s> <s id="s.001853">teſ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 85.43. 44. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001854">Caput XXVII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Cur ignis ſimpliciter leuis, terra grauis, alia non ſimpliciter.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 44. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Locus ſimpliciter leuis non datur qui ſit ſuperior loco ignis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 45. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Centrum eſt locus inferior terræ, nec datur inferior.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 45. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementi natura eſt cauſa grauitatis & leuitatis, hæc vero ſunt elemento<lb></lb> rum affectiones.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 45. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Grauium & leuium definitiones duæ, quarum vna eſt per motum altera <lb></lb>per quietem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 46. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001855">Caput XXVIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Definitio grauium, & leuium an potior quæ per motum, an quæ per quietem <lb></lb> Auerroes quæ per quietem quarto cæli.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 46. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus inest elementis cum ſunt extra proprium locum, & tunc ſeruant ali<lb></lb> quid naturæ contrariè.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 46. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001856">Caput XXIX.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Definitio grauium & leuium Ariſtotelis à Themiſtio agitatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 47. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Graue non omne deorſum tendit ait Themiſtius, ſed quod ſtat immotum in <lb></lb>centro.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 47. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementorum definitio per quietem vexatur à Themiſtio.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 48. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Confirmatio rationum Themiſty contra definitionem Aristotelis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 48. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Terra vniuerſa extra locum poſita an quieſceret in medio.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 49. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001857">Caput XXX.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Defenſio Auerrois per definitione Ariſtotelis de grauibus, & leuibus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 49. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Definitio palmæ quomodo aliquando detur per ea quæ facultatem non <expan abbr="actũ">actum</expan> <pb xlink:href="011/01/299.jpg"></pb> indicant<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>: 50. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Differentiæ grauium eum ſint ignotæ, quia ab antiquis <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> fuerunt impoſita <lb></lb>nomina ex accidentibus vſurpantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 50. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Accidentia non actum ſed facultatem ſignificant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 50. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001858">Caput XXXI.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Grauia & leuiæ ab eadem natura extra locum mouentur, & in propria quie<lb></lb> cunt ſecundo cæli & ſecundo phyſicorum, hanc ſuppoſitionem confutat The<lb></lb>mistius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 50. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementamoneri & quieſcere ex eo quod ſunt extra, vel intra medium cen<lb></lb>ſuit Themiſtius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 50. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001859">Caput XXXII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Auerroes omni genere laudis abundans optime tuetur definitionem Ariſtore<lb></lb>lis contra Themiſtium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 51. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Methodus, quæ ſeruatur in euertenda ſententia Themistij.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 51. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Cauſa eſt eadem finis, & eorum quæ ſunt ad finem, & quies eſt finis mo<lb></lb>tus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 52. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ignis mouebitur deorſum ſi opinio Themiſty vera, qui decipitur deceptione à <lb></lb>ſimpliciter ad ſecundum quid<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 52. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Cauſa diſponens est cauſa ſecundum quid, & cauſa eadem ſub diuerſis diſpo<lb></lb>ſitionibus eſt cauſa contrarij.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 53. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſpoſitiones agentis credidit Themiſtius eſſe cauſas veras.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 54. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001860">Caput XXXIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Soluuntur argumenta Themiſtij contra definitionem grauium & leuium, & <lb></lb>Auerroes retorquet argumenta.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 55. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Definitiones grauium & leuium facultatem non actum ſignificant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 55. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Confirmatio pro Themiſtio etiam diluitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 56. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Terra non quieſcit ob radices infinitas vt putauit Zenophanes & aly, ſed <lb></lb>ſua grauitate.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 56. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Mundi partes extra centrum omnes ſurſum eſſe dicuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 56. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001861">Caput XXXIIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Argumentum diluitur, quo oſtenditur elementa dum quieſcunt non eſſe ele<lb></lb>menta quia motus eſt vita animalium octauo Phyſicorum, & duodecimo <lb></lb> Metaph.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 57. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quies an ſit interitus elementorum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 57. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Finis explicat magis <expan abbr="naturã">naturam</expan> alicuius rei, quam ea, quæ <expan abbr="dirigũtur">diriguntur</expan> in <expan abbr="finẽ">finem</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 58. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Vita duplex perfecta & imperfecta, quæ eſt in <expan abbr="elemẽtis">elementis</expan> impropriè tamen.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 58. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa per ſe quieſcunt, mouentur per accidens, quies enim est finis ele<lb></lb>mentorum quarto cæli.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 58. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Cælũ">Cælum</expan> & Natura à Deo <expan abbr="mouẽtur">mouentur</expan> per <expan abbr="modũ">modum</expan> amati, & quæ Dei vita.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 58.59. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Grauia an ad centrum vt ad medium mundi, vel ad medium terræ mo<lb></lb>ueantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 59. <pb xlink:href="011/01/300.jpg"></pb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Thimæus locrus de motu grauium videtur conuenire cum Aristotele.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 59. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001862">Caput XXXV.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa à ſe per ſe moueri, & multiplex mouendi principium explicatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 60. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Principium motus in elementis eſt intrinſecum, est tamen & aliud princi<lb></lb>pium commune.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 60. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Cælum mouet elementa vt cauſa vniuerſalis, & omnia moderatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 60.61. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Lex naturæ quid ſit, & natura particularis a lege vniuerſali communica<lb></lb>tur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 61. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Principium motas particulare quæritur, cuius multæ ſunt differentiæ, & <lb></lb>ipſum multipliciter accipitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 61. 62. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Actus primus eſt forma, ſecundus non operatis ſed formæ operans.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 62. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quies elementorum eſt veluti actus primus, metus veluti ſecundus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 62. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Principij diuiſio ex <expan abbr="ſecũdo">ſecundo</expan> de Anima, & partitio motus in ſuas ſpecies.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 62. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus ad locum vel naturalis & violentus, vel à natura & ab arte.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 62. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001863">Caput XXXVI.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Institutum huius tractationis, ac titulus quæſtionis hactenus explicatus expo<lb></lb>nitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 63. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Tractatio hæc de motu elementorum non attingit corpora cælestia, nec mo<lb></lb>tus mixti mixtorum corporum inquiruntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 63. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001864">INDEX SECVNDAE PARTIS. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001865">Caput I.<lb></lb>S<emph type="italics"></emph>ecvndae Partis principalis in ſuis partes ſubdiuiſio.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 65. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Opinionis veterum de elementorum motu confutandæ tantum celebrio<lb></lb>res, & non omnes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 65. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001866">Caput II.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Epicuri Anaximenis, Anaxagoræ, & eorum, qui infinitatem ponuntur ſen<lb></lb> ſententiæ omittendæ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 66. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Infinitum non habet extremos fines.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 66. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001867">Caput III.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Terram vnam ex ipſis ſtellis, & ſic in cælo ignem, in medio mundi poſuit Pytha<lb></lb>goras, & confutatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 66. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Terra duplex ponitur à Pythagoricis, vna tamen in cælo assidua conuerſione <lb></lb>diem ac noctem efficit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 67. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ignem nobilissimum ſtatuunt Pythagorici, ſic ei debetur locus nobilissimus, <lb></lb>qui eſt medium mundi, quem vocarunt Iouis custodiam.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 67. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Medium dupliciter rei, & magnitudinis eſt, quod non animaduerterunt Py<lb></lb>thagorict.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 67. <pb xlink:href="011/01/301.jpg"></pb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Centrum in vniuerſo eſt medium magnitudinis, primum mobile est medium <lb></lb>rei.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 67. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Terra non poteſt eſſe in cælo, nec etiam inane, cum cælum non dilatetur nec <lb></lb>rarefiat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 68. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Totius, & partis est idem motus, ideo omnis terra ad centrum moueretur fi <lb></lb>eſſet extra centrum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 69. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001868">Caput IIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Refelluntur Heraclydes, Philolaus, & aly de quiete terræ, & eius motu, qui <lb></lb>omnes dixerunt terram moueri, cælum quieſcere.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 69. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Cælum ſi staret in eodem loco ſtellæ ſemper aſpicerentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 70. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Terram quieſcere ob infinitas radices, vel quia ſustineatur ab aqua dilui<lb></lb>tur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 70. 71. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001869">Caput V.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Anaximenes, Anaxagoras, Democritus latitudinem terræ eſſe cauſam eius <lb></lb>quietis dixerunt, quorum opinio deſtruitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 71. 72. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Terram planam eſſe putarunt antiqui, & ſemper eſſe deorſum, ac decipiun <lb></lb>tur, quia Orizontes diuerſi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 72. 73. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001870">Caput VI.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Empedoclis opinio tollitur, qui terram quieſcere credidit ob cæli maximam con<lb></lb> uerſionem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 73. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Terra non quieſcit rationibus poſitis ab Empedocle, nam ignis etiam quieſce <lb></lb>ret ob cæli motum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 74. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Terra deorſum pellitur violentia ſecundum Empedoclem, at motus violen<lb></lb>tus posterior naturali, nec motus celerior ſemper minus celerem præce<lb></lb>dit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 75. 76. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001871">Caput VII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Anaximandri opinio deſtruitur cum terra non quieſcat, eo quod æqualiter di<lb></lb>ſtet ab extremis, cuius ratio eſt ſophiſtica.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 76. 77. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Appetitus ſi æque duorum eſſet ad neutrum moueremur dicebat Anaxi<lb></lb>mander, quod ſoluitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 77. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001872">Caput VIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Terram circum medium moueri dixerunt nonnulli, quod reiicitur, quia ſimplicis <lb></lb>corporis vnus motus ſimplex.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 78. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Violentum nullum perpetuum, & ordo vniuerſi eſt æternus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 78. 79. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Heraclytus bonum, & malum eſſe cauſas efficientes vniuerſi, & motus ele<lb></lb>mentorum, at malum nullius ordinis cauſa.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 79. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Heraclyti ſententia de arcu, & corda in <expan abbr="vnũ">vnum</expan> conuenientia exponitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 79. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Forma eſt bonum, & boni cauſa, materia mala, & malorum cauſa.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 79. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001873">Caput IX.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Chaos opinio Heſiodi, Hermetis, & aliorum infirmatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 80. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Hermetis vmbræ horrenda est chaos aliorum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 80. <pb xlink:href="011/01/302.jpg"></pb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motum inordinatum, à quo ipſius chaos non explicantes antiqui ſunt repre<lb></lb>hendendi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 81. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus mixtus est post motum ſimplicem, & quod mouetur debet eſſe actu, <lb></lb>vt in ſpeciebus motuum apparet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 81. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Natura non poterat moueri chaos motu illo inordinato.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 82. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Mundus est partium ordo, vt Alexander expoſuit ſecundo quæſtionum na<lb></lb> turalium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 82. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001874">Caput X.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Platonis ideæ, Mathematica Pythagoræ, Pſeuſippi imperfecta principia vnà <lb></lb>cum lite, & amicitia Empedoclis agitantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 83. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ideæ non habent vim mouendi, & natura mouentium eſt abſoluta non im<lb></lb> perfecta.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 83. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Amicitia Empedoclis non ſolum erat cauſa mouens, ſed etiam & mate<lb></lb>ria, at hæc non coincidunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 84. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Sphærum Empedoclis quid ſit, nec potest gigni ex diſcordiæ, vt ipſe credi<lb></lb>dis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 85. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001875">Caput XI.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Anaxagoræ ſententia de cauſa efficiente, motum Democriti, & Anaximan<lb></lb>dri reſpuitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 85. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Moueri caſu nihil poteſt, cum ſemper motus ſit propter aliquem finem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 86. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Anaxagoras reprehenditur, qui non oppoſuit bono malum principium, ſed <lb></lb>ſolam mentem, quare & motus vnus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 86. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ab vno in <expan abbr="quantũ">quantum</expan> vnum ſemper oritur vnum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 86. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Caſus et fortuna non ſunt cauſæ mouentes contra Democritum, quia ſunt po<lb></lb>ius errores, & peccata naturæ, & artis, quæ caſu fiunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 86. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Anaximandri principium infinitum medium inter naturam animæ de<lb></lb>struitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 87. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001876">Caput XII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa non moueri à mundi anima ſecundum Platonem, à Ioue Orphei, ab <lb></lb>amore Eſiodi probatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 87. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Efficientes cauſæ vniuerſales non ſufficiunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 88. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Amor non conuertitur ad rem informem, ſed ad rem formoſam.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 88. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001877">Caput XIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ordo rerum tractandarum exponitur, & primo ſuppoſitiones quædam firman<lb></lb>tur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 89. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001878">Caput XIIII.<lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Materiæ primæ, & formæ natura exponitur, & materia per passionem, for<lb></lb>ma per actionem definitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 89. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Materia prima continet omnes formas potentia, quæ ſunt virtute in prima <lb></lb>motore.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 90. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Materia est ſubſtantia, & ſubſtantia diuiditur in materiam, formam, &<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="011/01/303.jpg"></pb> <emph type="italics"></emph>compoſitum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 90. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Omne recipiens debet eſſe denudatum à natura recepti quod etiam explicatur <lb></lb>à plotino.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 91. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Materia patitur ab actu, & recipit actum, non eſt tamen actus, nec habet <lb></lb>actum entitatiuum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 91. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Forma eſt principium agendi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 92. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001879">Caput XV.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Qua conuenientia ſit de materia, & forma, & qua differentia inter Aristote<lb></lb>lem, Platonem, & Pythagoram.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 92. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Materia à Platone qua cauſa nuncupatur mater, receptaculum, nutrix.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 92. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Formæ diſſenſio inter Platonicos.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 92. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Mathematica ſeruantur à Pythagora, & in medio rerum ſita quæ intelle<lb></lb>ctu, & ſenſu percipiuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 93. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Formas plato in mundo intelligibili poſuit, Ariſtoteles in materia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 93. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Differentia inter principia agendi, & patiendi, & principia agendi in du<lb></lb>plici differentia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 93. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Patiendi principium ſemper eget extrinſeco motore.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 94. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001880">Caput XVI.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Duo formarum genera explicantur, quorum vnum in materia alterum mi<lb></lb>nimè.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 94. <lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Hominis intellectus non eſt forma materialis, at cur aliqui cum mortalem affir<lb></lb>ment exponitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 94 95. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Formæ diuinæ quomodo dent eſſe cælo, & hominibus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 95. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Formæ materiales imperficiuntur à materia, diuinæ minimè.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 96. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001881">Caput XVII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Actio à forma, perpessio à materia oritur, & ab codem non prouenit actio, & <lb></lb>passio ſecundum eamdem rationem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 96. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Actio ſi proueniret à materia omnium eſſet actio vna.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 97. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Similitudo oritur à forma, & compoſitum agit ratione formæ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 97. 98. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Actus, & potentia ſunt differentiæ valde oppoſitæ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 98. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Grauitas, & leuitas mouent vt formæ mouentur, vt in materia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 98. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementorum formæ magis accedunt ad accidentia quàm ad ſubſtantiam <lb></lb>ideo non integre ſeruantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 99. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001882">Caput XVIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>De triplici facultate elementorum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 99. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementum quodlibet in quodlibet immediatè tranſmutatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 100. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Materia eſt cauſa, vt <expan abbr="vnũquodque">vnunquodque</expan> fieri possit, vt vero fiant à forma.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 101. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa ad propria loca præter naturam feruntur, & ignis aſcendit non <lb></lb>quia ſit factus, ſed quia fit ignis, quo etiam fundamento abutitur Ze<lb></lb>narchus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 101. 102. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementorum facultas ſecunda opum actu ſunt extra locum statim moue-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/304.jpg"></pb> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001883">Caput XXIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotelis ratio agitatur à Themistio eo quod ſit petitio.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 117. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001884">Caput XXIIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Auerroes tutatur Ariſtotelem à Themiſtio.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 117. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Corpora infra lunam, vel ſimplicia, vel compoſita, vel habent in vno gene <lb></lb>re vnam tantum cauſam, vel plures.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 118. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>In passionibus compoſitorum explicandis non ſufficit vna cauſa, ſufficit in <lb></lb>ſimplicibus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 119. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001885">Caput XXV.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa mouentur à medio.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 120. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus ſeruatur ab aere, & ſagittæ motus, quia ſimul grauis, & leuis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 121. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Aer, & aqua ſunt instrumenta motus naturalis, & violenti.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 121. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Medij motus eſt velocior motu impellentis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 122. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001886">Caput XXVI.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Medij motus vtilis eſt, ac neceſſarius in motu elementi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 122. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus non eſſet ſi daretur vacuum, quia requiritur reſiſtentia, quæ eſt extrin<lb></lb>ſeca in elementis, in animalibus verò interna.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 123. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001887">Caput XXVII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Auerroes quæ contra Auempacem præceptorem pro ratione Ariſtotelis, & me <lb></lb>dium plenum in motu elementorum neceſſarium oſtendit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 124. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus omnis continuus non ſolum ex mouente, ſed ratione reſiſtentiæ, quæ <lb></lb>vbi minor, maior velocitas.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 124 125. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Reſistentia tribus modis inuenitur, quæ tamen non includitur in mate<lb></lb>ria.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 125. 126. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Aer ſuſcipit vtrumque motum, quia nec grauis, nec leuis, cum recipiens de <lb></lb>beat eſſe denudatum à natura recepti.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 126. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001888">Caput XXVIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Vacuum ſi daretur nulla eſſet reſiſtentia, illud autem eſſet infinitum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 127. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motum in vacuo non momento fieri probant aliqui, ſed falſum, antiqui ta<lb></lb> men putarunt <expan abbr="locũ">locum</expan> eſſe vacuum, quod Plato in Timæo <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan> deſtruit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 128. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Vacuum ſi daretur ob quorundam rationem fieret illuminatio in tempore, <lb></lb>& formica in cælo ſpectari poſſet, & vanæ rationes Platonis, & Ari<lb></lb>ſtotelis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 128. 129. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Terra non mouetur, quia eſt in æquilibrio mundi aiebat Plato.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 130. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Medium adiuuat motum, quod non verum inani admiſſo, & grauia, & le<lb></lb>uia æque mouerentur in vacuo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 130. 131. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Mobile non ſimul occupat vniuerſum ſpacium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 131. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Inconuenienti vno poſito que ſequuntur non ſunt inconuenientia, ſed neceſ<lb></lb>ſaria, quare in motu reſiſtentia requiritur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 131. 132. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001889">Caput XXIX.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Elementum an in medio priuſquam medium moueatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 132. <pb xlink:href="011/01/305.jpg"></pb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Naturalis motus violentum præcedit, metus autem grauium præcedit me<lb></lb>dium natura, non tempore.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 132. 133. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Corpus mouens etiam mouetur, quod non admittit Theophrastus, agens ta<lb></lb>men omne infra lunam repatitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 133. 134. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Mobilitas non eſt mobilis, & ſi probetur ratione, in qua est fallacia figura <lb></lb>dictioni.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 135. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001890">Caput XXX.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Elementum totum à toto elemento mouetur non primo, ſed ſecundario.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 135. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Actiones, & passiones ſunt indiuiduorum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 135. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Forma mouet totum elementum quod mouetur motu ſimplici, & ſic ipſa mo<lb></lb>uetur ſimul cum materia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 136. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001891">Caput XXXI.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Totum elementum ſe per accidens mouet, non per ſe, quia ſic animalia quamuis <lb></lb><expan abbr="elemẽta">elementa</expan> animata in decimo de legibus, & in Phedro poſuerit Plato.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 137. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Corruptionis duo modi inueniuntur cuius cauſam ponit Plato materiam.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> 137. 138. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Anima nec ab intrinſeco, nec ab extrinſeco corrumpitur ſecundum Plato<lb></lb> nem, & quomodo probet ipſam æternam, & ſeipſa mobilem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 138. 139. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Explicatur locus Platonis ex libro decimo de legibus ſecundum Theophra<lb></lb>ſtum, & eius diſcipulum Stratonem Lampſacenum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 139. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph><expan abbr="Motionũ">Motionum</expan> alias ſpecies tribuit Plato animalibus, alias verò Ariſtoteles.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 139. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Anima immortalis, quia agens omnia facit, possibilis omnia fit, & ver<lb></lb>bis diſſentiunt Plato, & Ariſtoteles.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 140. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa à ſe ipſis propriè non mouentur, nec per ſe propriè quieſcunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 141. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Natura æque eſt principium motus, & quietis nec vniuocè dicitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 141. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa non habent reſistentiam intrinſecam, ideo non ex ſe quieſcunt, nec <lb></lb>mouentur per ſe ad loca contraria, nec ad omnes differentias loci, vt ani<lb></lb>malia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 142. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Cotinuum nullum per ſe propriè à ſe ipſo mouetur, & mobile habet diſtin<lb></lb>ctum motorem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 142. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa non diuiduntur in partem per ſe mouentem, & per ſe motam, vt <lb></lb>animalia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 143. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>A generante, & à medio mouentur elementa, ſic à ſe per accidens non <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan> <lb></lb>per accidens propriè, ſed quia diuiditur medium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 143. 144. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001892">Caput XXXII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Mouentur elementa à ſe per ſe, & primo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 145. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa mouentur ab intrinſeco.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 146. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Corpus nullum ex ſe generatur, vel alteratur bene mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 147. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementum eſt motum à ſua natura, ſic per ſe moueui, & ſi grauitas, & <lb></lb>leuitas ſint accidentia elementorum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 147. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quies eſt à cauſa existente in re, quæ eſt natura.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 148. <pb xlink:href="011/01/306.jpg"></pb> <emph type="italics"></emph>vi, & cur hæc facultas dicatur per accidens afferuntur quatuor ratio<lb></lb> nes.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 103. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Facultatem eſſentialem elementorum non vidit Philoponus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 104. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>De facultate, quæ actui eſt coniuncta egit Alexander liber ſecundo difficul<lb></lb>tatum naturalium quæſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 20. <emph type="italics"></emph>& Plotinus in libro de eo quod eſt in poten<lb></lb>tia, & actu.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 104. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001893">Caput XIX.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa eadem quomodo ſurſum, & deorſum natura, & præter naturam <lb></lb>moueantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 104. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementorum motus naturalis bifartam ſpectari poteſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 105. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Grauitas, & leuitas non ſunt propriè naturæ elementorum, ſed proprietates, <lb></lb>quia naturæ ſunt ignota; & propriis nominibus carent.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 105. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motuus elementorum quomodo naturalis quomodo violentus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 105. 106. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001894">Caput XX.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Grauium, & leuium quæſtionis exitus, vt explicetur propoſitio prima propo<lb></lb>nitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 107. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa mouentur per accidens à generante ſecundum facultatem eſſen<lb></lb>tialem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 107. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Grauitas, & leuitas ſunt cauſa motus elementorum, & agens dans for<lb></lb>mam dat ea, quæ conſequuntur formam.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Materia prima, & forma propriè non mouentur, mouetur compoſitum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 108. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus vt in aliquo ſit quinque requiruntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 108. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Norma proxima, & materia proxima mouet, & mouetur nihil tamen præ<lb></lb>ſertim ſimplex ſe mouet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 109. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Forma antiqua, & materia neceſſaria ſunt in motu, & quomodo ſub ali<lb></lb> qua forma materia prima mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 109. 110. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>A generante non fit motus immediatè.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 110. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Per accidens diſtinguitur ab eo, quod eſt per aliud.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 110. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementum mouetur à generante ſecundum facultatem eſſentialem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 111. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Mutationum quatuor ſpecies, & omnis fit ex oppoſitis, aut ex mediis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 111. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Moueri in proprium locum eſt moueri in propriam formam.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 112. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001895">Caput XXI.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Remouens prohibens quomodo ſit cauſa mouens in elementis per accidens.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 113. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001896">Caput XXII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Locus mouet elementa vt forma, & finis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 114. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Expoſitio textus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 114. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Mouetur aliquid antequam formam ſuam accipiat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 114. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa non dum perfecta, niſi cum ſunt in proprio loco, & dupliciter <lb></lb>ſunt extra locum proprium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 115. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ambiens habet locum formæ, locum tamen eſſe formam elementorum pro<lb></lb>batur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 161. <pb xlink:href="011/01/307.jpg"></pb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Differentia per ſe dicitur de eo cuius est differentia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 148. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001897">Caput XXXIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Forma eſt cauſa motus naturalis elementorum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 149. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Materia eſt principium motus passiuum, nec habet actiuum ſecundum Sim<lb></lb>plicium, quem ſequitur Theodorus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 150. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>A materia, qua ſemper permanent eadem, res denominandas aiebat Plato <lb></lb>ſic naturam primo dici de materia putarunt quod falſum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 151. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Caſus, & fortuna, quæ ſunt efficientes cauſæ ad naturam reducuntur, ut ad <lb></lb>cauſam per ſe, & generatio dicitur natura, quia eſt via ad <expan abbr="formã">formam</expan>.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 151. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Materia non minus ad hunc, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> ad alium motum <expan abbr="inclonationẽ">inclinationem</expan> habet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 152. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Similitudo numerorum cum forma, & materia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 152. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus ſi eſſet à materia, vt ait Simplicius, quilibet motus eſſes violen<lb></lb>tus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 153. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Principium passiuum ſi datur, & actiuum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 154. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Natura dicitur quinque modis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 155. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Alexander, quem habemus in Ariſtotelis Metaphyſicam, eſt potius Mi<lb></lb>chael Epheſius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 155. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus non ſolum eſt ratione principij actiui, non codem tamen modo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 155. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ fiunt habent principium, vt fiant & vt faciant, vnde ſcientis est <lb></lb>poſſe docere.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 156. 157. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ratio Simplicij, & Theodori Metochitæ tollitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 157. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>In generatione amittitur nomen, in alteratione minimè.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 157. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Poetæ noctem vniuerſi principium ponunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 158. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001898">Caput XXXIIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Forma elementi mouet eiuſdem elementi materiam.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 159. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ fiunt, vel fiunt à ſimili, vel à dissimili, vel à neutro.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 159. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Materia ex ſe non mouetur, ſed per formam, nec prius eſt mobilis forma<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 160. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementum diuiditur in partem perſe mouentem, & per ſe motam, non in <lb></lb>partem actu per ſe motam, & per ſe mouentem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 161. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Mobile ſimplex, & mobile animatum quomodo differant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 162. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Generans dat motum elementis:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 163. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ordo motorum, & mouentium ſimplicium.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 164. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementum mouet ſe priuſquam moueat medium, & quomodo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 165 166. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Reſiſtentia eſt neceſſaria in motu propter continuationem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001899">Caput XXXV.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Totum elementum per ſe primo mouetur à ſua propria forma, & demonſtratio <lb></lb>Ariſtotelis perpendenda.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 167. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Anima à ſe ipſa mouetur, aiebat Plato.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 168. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Per accidens quæ mouentur, quot, & quæ ſint & per ſe, & primo mo<lb></lb>ueri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 168. 169. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus non actum, ſed propenſionem ſignificat in hoc loco.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 170. <pb xlink:href="011/01/308.jpg"></pb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Primum duo ſignificat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 170. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Mouentium diuiſio in per ſe, & per accidens, & per ſe & à ſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 171. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Indiuiſibile nullum per ſe mouetur, quia mobile debet eſſe cerpus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 172. 173. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ extrinſecus mouentur habent motorem distinctum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 173. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quæstio non eſt res notissimæ.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 174. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Canis quieſcit, & mouetur per accidens ad heri quietem, & motum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 175. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Totum aliquid moueri quomodo intelligitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 175. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motum omnem habere motorem diſtinctum demonſtratur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 176. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Corpus <expan abbr="diuiduũ">diuiduum</expan> ſecundum partem mouetur, & <expan abbr="ſecundũ">ſecundum</expan> <expan abbr="partẽ">partem</expan> quieſcit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 177. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus omnis habet motorem diſtinctum ab eo quod mouetur, & in his, quæ <lb></lb>ab extrinſeco mouentur eſt manifestum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 177. 178. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Animalia, & elementa ab intrinſeco mouentur, animal ſe mouet primo, <lb></lb>mouetur tamen ab anima.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 178. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementum primo mouetur, latet tamen à quo, at mouetur à forma.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 177. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementum ſimplex habet motum ſimplicem & è contra.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 179. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Id primo inest, quod ſi à partibus auferatur a toto non auferatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 179. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Modus accipitur non pro actu, ſed pro altitudine.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 180. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Homo eſt particeps rationis ſingulis etiam hominibus mortuis, quia non tolli<lb></lb>tur facultas, quæ facultati reſpondere debet, vt actus actui.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 180. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quod primo quieſcit parte aliqua primo quieſcente, ab illa etiam primo mo<lb></lb>uetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 181. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Continuum omne corpus parte altera primo quieſcente primo quieſcit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 181. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Forma elementi quieſcente totum & elementum quieſcit, ſic mouetur à for<lb></lb>ma primo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 181. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa cum primo moueantur, ergo habent quod primo mouet, quia poten<lb></lb>tia, & actus quinto primæ Philoſophiæ relatiua ſunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 181. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Cælum non eſt motor elementorum non generans, non remouens impedimen<lb></lb> tum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 182. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus habet eſſe in fieri, ſemper ergo motore eget actu.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 182. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus non eſt à medio primo quia a medio mouetur per accidens.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 183. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Locus non eſt motus per ſe primo, quia est finis rei, & motus talis eſt meta<lb></lb>phoricus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 183. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Cælum motum primum dari ostendit à forma, ſic dicendum de elementis de <lb></lb>quibus magis videtur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 184. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Intelligentiæ, & orbis vnio maior quam formæ elementi cum materia ſic <lb></lb>motor cæli minus diſtinctus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 184. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Auerroes diuinissime <expan abbr="vnionẽ">vnionem</expan> maiorem cæli, & intelligentiæ probauit, quia <lb></lb>ſine quantitate intercedente.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 184. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Naturalis motus eſt à principio per ſe primo <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> à materia, ergo à forma.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 185. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>In omni natura in qua eſt quod patitur, eſt etiam quod agit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 185. </s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/309.jpg"></pb> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001900">INDEX TERTIAE PARTIS.</s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001901">Caput I.<lb></lb>Q<emph type="italics"></emph>vod à generante pendet durante actione generantis fit, ea ceſſanto <lb></lb>factum est.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 189. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus & <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan> habent eſſe dum fiunt, quia fluidum eſt <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan> eſſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 189. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quædam gignuntur, & numquam ſunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 189. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quomodo intelligi debeat illud. </s> <s id="s.001902">Graue ſecundum facultatem eſſentialem <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>à generante, ſed à ſua forma mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 189. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Præparatio alia ad formam alia ad motum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 190. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ab vno in quantum vnum non niſi vnum naſcitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 190. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Qui primo formam gignit, motum ſecundo generat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 191. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quomodo motor in elementis eſſentialiter eſt generans, & motum est geni<lb></lb> tum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 191. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001903">Caput II.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Quomodo motus, & motor per accidens ad per ſe motorem, & motum redi<lb></lb>gantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 193. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Omne per accidens tale in per ſe tale redigitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 193. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quod impedimentum tollit elementum per accidens mouet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 193. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quod impedimentum tollit, impedimentum per ſe mouet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 193. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementum generationis motus per ſe à generante mouetur motu ad locum <lb></lb>per accidens.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 194. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001904">Caput III.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Quomodo locus, vt finis moueat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 194. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Simile ad ſimile mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 194. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Continens ſimile eſt eius, quod continetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 195. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ ſint elementorum loca.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 196. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Loci ſimilitudo abſoluta, & in tanta diſtantia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 197. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quomodo terra in loco ignis conſtituta mundi centrum fieret.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 197. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Toti quanto pars quanta non reſiſtit, ſed toti non quanto pars quanto reſi<lb></lb>stit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 197. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus à minori, & ab æquali non impeditur, ſed à maioris reſiſtentia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 198. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus à vi maiori, non minori, nec æquali fit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 198. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001905">Caput IIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæstio de loco proprio elementorum vbi eſt indiuiduum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 199. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementorum locus, vt ſunt partes vniuerſi eſt deuexa, & conuexa ſuperio<lb></lb> ris, & inferioris elementi ſuperficies, verum vt ſunt naturæ propriè eo<lb></lb> rum locus eſt, vbi indiuiduum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 199. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Totus mundus est animal magnum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 200. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ordo eſt forma vniuerſi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 200. <pb xlink:href="011/01/310.jpg"></pb> <emph type="italics"></emph>A forma res habet, vt ſit:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 201. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001906">Caput V.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Quomodo magnes ferrum trahit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 201 <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Nihil à mouente distans trahitur, quin omnia media trahantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 201. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Terra huius mundi ad alterius mundi centrum natura cietur: idque cum <lb></lb>reciprocatione.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 201. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quod trahit à ſtatuto termino trahit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 201. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>In omni vero tractu trahens mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 202. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Finis metaphorice mouet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 202. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Magnes anima trahente ferrum non trahit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 202. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Sine animæ inſtrumentis nullum corpus est animatum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 202. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Magnes ferrum non trahit, vt Democritus, Leucippus, Epicurus, Lucre<lb></lb>tius, & Empedocles dixerunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 203. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Empedocles vnumquodque ex vnoquoque extrahi aſſeuerauit:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 205. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Omne corpus, à quo aliquid abſcinditur fit minus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 205. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Tempus principium non habet, net finem eſt habiturum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 206. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Magnus ferrum trahit beneficio ſpecierum ſpiritalium, vt ſunt ſpecies co<lb></lb>lorum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 206. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ferrum a magnete trahitur naturali deſiderio in ferre exiſtente.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 207. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Nihil mouet niſi tangat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 207. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Stirpes exterra, & mernbra ex ſanguine proprium <expan abbr="alimentũ">alimentum</expan> trahunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 208. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Cur extremum nauigatoriæ pixidis perpendiculum ad polum ſemper conuer<lb></lb>titur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 208. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Lucis ſpecies à cælo ad nostros oculos propagatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 208. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quare Catablepha animal hominem etiam ad mille paſſus diſtantem conſpe<lb></lb>ctum interficit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 209. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Magnes est tota cauſa motus ferri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 210. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Membra alimentum, Adamas, & Electrum feſtucas, es piſcis hieracis au<lb></lb>rum, Buffones mustellas, Cerui ſerpentes trahunt, à quibus tota trahen<lb></lb>di cauſa naſcitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 210. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Non omnes actiones à peruulgatis elementorum formis, aut tempora mentis<lb></lb> naſcuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 210. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa à loco, ad quem tendunt, non trahuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 210. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001907">Caput VI.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Aer quomodo ſit in ſuo loco grauis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 212. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Vter inflatas grauior est inani.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 212. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Mixtorum grauitas, & leuitas à ſimplicium grauitate, & leuitate na<lb></lb> ſcitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 213. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quomodo plumbum ſit ferro, & ligno aut grauius, aut leuius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 213. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001908">Caput VII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ Themiſtius contra Aristotelem, & quæ Auerroes contra Themistium <lb></lb>de aer is grauitate dixerint.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 214. <pb xlink:href="011/01/311.jpg"></pb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Cur plumbum in aere ligno tardius deſcendit, in aqua lignam ſupernatai, <lb></lb>plumbum vero mergitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 214. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Error Themistij hac de re confutatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 216. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001909">Caput VIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Quomodo aer ſit in proprio loco grauis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 217. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ab aere violentus, & naturalis motus iuuatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 217. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Cur a principio violentus motus eſt ſegnior.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 218. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>In motu violento tres ſunt motus, vnus naturalis, duo violenti.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 218. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>In syphonibus attracti aeris impetu aqua ſurſum rapitur:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 219. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Aerem magis eſſe grauem, quam leuem experientia confirmatur:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 219. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Frigiditas grauitatis cauſa non eſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 220. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Grauitas, & leuitas propter primas qualitates elementis non tribuun<lb></lb>tur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 220. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementorum grauitates, & leuitates inter ſe, & à mixtorum grauitate, <lb></lb>& leuitate ſpecie differunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 121. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus à grauitate factus ab eo motu ſpecie differt, qui à leuitate fit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 221. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Eiuſdem elementi grauitas, & leuitas ſpecie differt, cum est in proprio lo<lb></lb>co, & extra eumdem.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 221. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Mixtorum grauitates, & leuitates ſpecie differunt:<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 222. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Grauitas, & leuitas non ex primis elementorum perualgatis qualitatibus, <lb></lb>ſed ex maiore, aut minore distantia à motu primi mobilis naſcitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 222. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Primæ qualitates grauitatem, & leuitatem non faciunt, ſed iuuant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 223. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001910">Caput IX.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Quare medicorum cucurbitula aquam, & carnem non autem terram ſurſum <lb></lb>trahant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 224. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Terra non vnam cum aqua ſuperficiem habet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 224. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Alexandro primæ omnium conſenſu tribuuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 225. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Frigidum condenſat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 225. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Themiſtius Alexandrum carpit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 225. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Calidum attrahit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 223. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Idem corpus numero ab eodem corpore numero ſimul non trahitur, & non <lb></lb>pellitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 226. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Auerroes Alexandrum refellit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 226. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Nullum corpus fluidum fluit, niſi aliud fluidum corpus conſequa<lb></lb>tur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 226. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>A vacuo natura abhorret.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 226. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Clepsydræ non niſi aperto ſuperius existente ore implentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 226. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001911">Caput X.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Quare pulueres per medium aerem volitant, maiora verò corpora deſcen<lb></lb>dunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 228. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Mollia, & parus corpora facile diuiduntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 229. <pb xlink:href="011/01/312.jpg"></pb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Multa ſubſtantia rei diuidendæ ægrius ſcinditur, quam pauca.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 229. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Figuræ motus cauſæ non ſunt, ſed motum ab alia cauſa <expan abbr="factũ">factum</expan> inuento.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 230. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001912">Caput XI.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Cur nos, & aues volantes, & piſces natantes aeris, & aquæ pondus non ſen<lb></lb>timus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 231. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001913">Caput XII.<lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Exemplum vtris inflati explicatur, qui maioris ponderis eſſe ſolet vtre <lb></lb>non inflato.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 232. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Plumbum in aere eſt ferro grauius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 232. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001914">Caput XIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Elementorum motus à medio pendet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 233. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Medium impulſum prius natura, & ſi non tempore à violento impellente <lb></lb>mouetur, quam à ſua forma.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 233. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Lapidis motus ſurſum eſt tum naturali, tum violento motui ſimilis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 234. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Projectorum motus in principio velocior.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 234. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001915">Caput XIIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Quare ea quæ natura mouentur velocius in fine, quam in principio monean<lb></lb>tur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 236. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Duodecim animæ cum Ioue felicissime ſemper incedunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 236. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa animata eſſe Plato dixit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 236. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Mundi anima vna non potest eſſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 237. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ordo est anima mundi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 237. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Thales mileſius elementa animata cur credidit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 237. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa quia carent instrumentis animata non ſunt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 238. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Nihil est in intellectu quin illud fuerit in ſenſu.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 239. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001916">Caput XV.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Hypparoi, Leucippi, & iamblici opinio tollitur de cauſa maioris velocitatis in <lb></lb>ſine, quam in principio motus naturalis.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 239. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus violentus naturalem, cum quo coniungitur, citatiorem facit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 240. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ex eiſdem cauſis udem, & ex contrariis contrary effectus naſcuntur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 242. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001917">Caput XVI.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Veræ cauſæ quare ea, quæ natura cientur velocius in fine, quam in principio <lb></lb>cieantur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 243. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ex maiore partium ad mobilis terga concurrentium numero, ex minore me<lb></lb>dy reſiſtentia ex impulſu medii conſequentis maiore, & ex perfectione <lb></lb>maiore fit motus in fine velocior.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 243. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus naturalis ex non naturali, ſeu violento, & etiam ex naturali motu<lb></lb> fit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 244. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Vis naturali motui adiuncta eundem citatiorem facit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 245. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Ad ea, quæ natura aduerſantur nihil vmquam aſſuefieri potest.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 245. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quid inter ea interſit, quæ voluntate, violentia, & natura cientur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 245. </s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/313.jpg"></pb> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001918">Caput XVII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Vtrum elementorum motus in momento fieri possit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 245. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Corpore ſecto per ſe illius accidens non per ſe, ſed per accidens ſecatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 246. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Contrariorum contraria ſunt proprietates.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 246. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quomodo continuum infinitè ſecari possit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 246. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Facultas vel non repugnantiam, vel naturalem inclinationem ſignifi<lb></lb>cat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 247. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001919">Caput XVIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Grauitas, & leuitas infinita an detur eſt omnine difficillimum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 249. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Infinitum non datur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 249. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Corpus eſt omni ex parte diuiduum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 249. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Corpus infinitum omnia implet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 249. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Si eſt vnum in natura contrarium, & reliquum erit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 249. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Grauitas infinita nec eſt corporis infiniti, nec finiti.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 249. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001920">Caput XIX.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Auempacis argumentum ad æquam lancem expenditur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 251. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Omnis motus eſt continuus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 252. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Successio, & continuatio in motu ex reſiſtentia naſcitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 252. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Si cælo vna ſtella adderetur, aut non moueretur, aut tardius.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 252. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Motus velocitas non ſolam vim mouentem, ſed etiam reſiſtentiam conſe<lb></lb>quitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 253. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Reſiſtentia, quæ ad oppoſitum inclinat, eſt laboris cauſa.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 253. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Solus motor, qui eſt in magnitudine cum labore mouet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 253. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001921">Caput XX.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Quomodo totum elementum à propria ſeu forma, ſeu materia cieatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 254. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Materia, & forma nec mouet, nec mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 254. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Secernendi, ſeu abſtrahendi modus naturalis, & metaphyſicus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 254. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001922">Caput XXI.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Forma ſimplex ſimplicis elementi à ſe per ſe quomodo moueatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 255. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quod per ſe, & primo de ſuperiore dicitur, per ſe ſaltem, & ſi non primo, de <lb></lb>inferiore dicetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 255. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Subſtantia est quolibet accidente prior.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 255. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Proprietates ex ſpecierum principiis manant.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 256. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Agens dans formam dat conſequentia formam.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 256. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001923">Caput XXII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Elementum ſimplex à ſe per ſe quomodo moueatur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 260. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Compoſitum ſecundum partes diuerſas agens, & patiens eſſe poteſt.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 260. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Forma vt forma eſt mouens, ve in materia eſt mota.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 261. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Materia quare ad hunc, & non ad illum locum moueatur, habet à for<lb></lb>ma.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 262. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Primus intellectus nec per ſe, nec per aliud, nec per accidens, nec per partem, <pb xlink:href="011/01/314.jpg"></pb> nec propriè, nec impropriè, nec alio quouis modo mouetur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 264. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001924">Caput XXIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Quomodo forma elementi per ſe materiam moueat.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 264. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa per me dium inane nullo modo cientur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 264. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001925">Caput XXIIII.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Elementa quomodo ſe per ſe primo mouere possint.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 265. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Principium que aliquid mouetur, & mouet ab ea differt, quod mouetur & <lb></lb>mouet.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 265. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001926">Caput XXV.<lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Ariſtotelis demonſtratio in ſeptimo phyſicorum ad veritatis trutinam expen<lb></lb>ditur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 266. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ Alexander, Galenus, & Auicenna aduerſus prædictam Ariſtote<lb></lb>lis demonſtrationem ſcripſerint, & quomodo Auerroes Ariſtotelem ab <lb></lb>omni iniura vindicauerit.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 266. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Diſtinctio eorum quæ per ſe mouent, & mouentur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 267. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Vniuerſalis concluſio non niſi ex vniuerſalibus colligitur.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 271. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Diuidua materia eſt interitus cauſa.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 271. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Cælum non eſt continuum.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 271. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Cælum vt cælum quieſcere non poteſt, nec eſt diuiduum, ſed vt corpus.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 271. <lb></lb> <emph type="italics"></emph>Secrati vt animal multa inſunt, quæ eidem ineſſe non dicuntur, vt home <lb></lb>eſt, & Secrates.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 272. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001927">FINIS.</s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/315.jpg"></pb> </subchap1> </chap> <chap> <subchap1> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001928">TYPOGRAPHVS <lb></lb>LECTORI S.</s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001929">I<emph type="italics"></emph>llvd præcipuè ſemper ſtuduimus, amice lector, vt <lb></lb>qui ex noſtra officina prodirent libri, exirent quam <lb></lb>emendatissimi, quod tamen hoc in opere præstare ne<lb></lb>quiuimus tùm propter auctoris abſentiam, tùm ob tem<lb></lb>poris anguſtias, tùm etiam quia non adeo quis oculatus <lb></lb>eſſe poteſt, vt eum interdum aliquid non ſubterfugiat; iccirco te ro<lb></lb>gatum volumus, vt, ſi quæ inter legendum errata inueneris, ea no<lb></lb>bis facilè condones, &, quod tui eſt ingenÿ acumen, præter hæc, quæ, <lb></lb>vt tibi labor aliqua ex parte minueretur, adnotauimus, benignè re<lb></lb>ſtituas. </s> <s id="s.001930">Vale.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s> </p> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001931">Pagina 5. nuſquam reſtitit, lege, reſtitat. </s> <s id="s.001932">14. quæ recto motu cien<lb></lb>tur, adde, quatuor verò vniuersè eſſe ſimplicia corpora vel abſo<lb></lb>lutè, vel comparatè; id ex quatuor. </s> <s id="s.001933">25. quia omnium ſimplicia. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001934">l. omnium hæc. </s> <s id="s.001935">27. Parmenides, Meliſſus, ac Zeno. </s> <s id="s.001936">l. Parmeni<lb></lb>dem, Meliſſum, ac Zenonem. </s> <s id="s.001937">44. leuitas calidum. </s> <s id="s.001938">l. raritas. </s> <s id="s.001939">62. <lb></lb>illæ. </s> <s id="s.001940">l. ille, ſicut aliis pluribus, & ſimilibus in locis. </s> <s id="s.001941">65. (vt mihi <lb></lb>videor) l. (vt mihi videtur) 72. tàm his, quàm his. </s> <s id="s.001942">l. is vtrobi<lb></lb>que. </s> <s id="s.001943">73. quod volunt concludere. </s> <s id="s.001944">l. ſupponere. </s> <s id="s.001945">87. & grauiter, <lb></lb>vt acutè, l. vt grauiter, & acutè. </s> <s id="s.001946">108. ſectator. </s> <s id="s.001947">l. ſector. </s> <s id="s.001948">128. re<lb></lb>ſiſtentiam. </s> <s id="s.001949">l. ſine reſiſtentia. </s> <s id="s.001950">145. diſſectatione. </s> <s id="s.001951">l. diſſectione. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001952">153. moueretur. </s> <s id="s.001953">l. moreretur. </s> <s id="s.001954">165. ſimplex quæ. </s> <s id="s.001955">l. ſimplexque. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001956">169. motu recto cieri dicitur. </s> <s id="s.001957">recto expungendum. </s> <s id="s.001958">170. ſurſum <lb></lb>locum. </s> <s id="s.001959">l. latum. </s> <s id="s.001960">174. à ſe met ipſis moueri. </s> <s id="s.001961">l. non moueri. </s> <s id="s.001962">203. <lb></lb><expan abbr="numquã">numquam</expan> non efficiunt. </s> <s id="s.001963">l. effluunt. </s> <s id="s.001964">206. occulta, ſeu nota. </s> <s id="s.001965">l. igno<lb></lb>ta. </s> <s id="s.001966">211. ab arce. </s> <s id="s.001967">l. ab arcu. </s> <s id="s.001968">217. vbique manifeſte. </s> <s id="s.001969">l. vbique ma<lb></lb>nifeſte dixerunt. </s> <s id="s.001970">221. nulla ſuperſiſtere. </s> <s id="s.001971">l. nulla ſuperſtite re. </s> <s id="s.001972">225. <lb></lb>impellentis. </s> <s id="s.001973">l. repellentis. </s> <s id="s.001974">240. cuius relliquiæ adhuc ſeruantur. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001975">l. cuius relliquię adhuc ſeruantur motus naturalis. </s> <s id="s.001976">250. infinita <lb></lb>corporis. </s> <s id="s.001977">l. infinita corporis ſit. </s> <s id="s.001978">ibid. </s> <s id="s.001979">vt in non tempore mouea<lb></lb>tur. </s> <s id="s.001980">l. moueat. </s> <s id="s.001981">in hac parte, vt ſępe alibi non tempus cum inſtan<lb></lb>ti confunduntur, cum tamen nonnihil inter illa interſit. </s> <s id="s.001982">254. im<lb></lb>poſitionem. </s> <s id="s.001983">l. propoſitionem. </s> <s id="s.001984">264. vtrum elementa. </s> <s id="s.001985">l. verum <lb></lb>elementa. </s> <s id="s.001986">269. quieſcere poſſit. </s> <s id="s.001987">l. ponit. </s> <s id="s.001988">270. ſecus, l. ſuus; & <lb></lb>& iterum linea ſequenti. </s> </p> <pb xlink:href="011/01/316.jpg"></pb> <p type="main"> <s id="s.001989"><emph type="italics"></emph>Quilibet Impreſſor has Domini Hieronymi Borrij Philoſophi, <lb></lb>& Medici, ac Theologi præstantissimi, naturales, at<lb></lb>que latinas, de grauium, & leuium motu diſceptationes, <lb></lb>ab eodem Piſis, dum Naturalem Philoſophiam de ſupe<lb></lb>riorè, eodemque omnium primo loco publicè profiteretur, <lb></lb>me præſente olim diſputatas, & à me, & meo iuſſu, ab <lb></lb>aliis, nunc ſumma cum diligentia, ſæpenumero perlectas, <lb></lb>impune imprimito, venditoque; & quilibet emptor impu<lb></lb>ne emito, legitoque: nihil enim in eis est, quod aut ſan<lb></lb>ctæ matri Eccleſiæ Romanæ Catholicæ, & Apostolicæ <lb></lb>ſanctissimis decretis aduerſetur, aut aliorum mores ſugil<lb></lb>let, aut Principes aliqua ex parte tangat: Ita dico, & im<lb></lb>pune imprimendi, vendendi, emendi, ac legendi <expan abbr="licenriã">licentiam</expan> do <lb></lb>Ego Frater Franciſcus de Piſis, Generalis Inquiſitor Do<lb></lb>minij Florentini, In quorum fid. </s> <s id="s.001990">Datum Florentiæ in <lb></lb>ædibus diuæ Crucis, Die xvi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 1574. </s> </p> <p type="head"> <s id="s.001991">FLORENTIAE, <lb></lb>Excudebat Georgius Mareſcottus. <lb></lb></s> <s id="s.001992">MDLXXV.</s> </p> </subchap1> </chap> </body> <back></back> </text> </archimedes>